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Data contained herein is subject to change without notice. Use of information and details presented in this document
should be verified by a qualified engineer for suitability to specific applications.
N e t wo
INTRODUCTION
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Structural Systems are a leading provider of post-tensioning
of
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technology and value engineering solutions. With a wealth
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of engineering and contracting experience obtained through
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the successful completion of projects throughout Australia
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and overseas since 1961.
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Post-Tensioning is a method of reinforcing (strengthening)
concrete or other materials with high-strength steel strands.
The benefits post-tensioning brings to a structure include:
Large open plan column free floor spaces
Reduced construction costs
Faster construction
Water resistant properties
Floor to floor height reduction
Reduced foundation load
Improved deflection control
Greater column free areas
Reduced carbon footprint
Greater loading capacity
Larger spans
03 POST-TENSIONING
05 SLAB POST-TENSIONING
16 MULTI-STRAND POST-TENSIONING
30 MULTI-WIRE POST-TENSIONING
33 BAR POST-TENSIONING
37 EXTERNAL POST-TENSIONING
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STRAND PROPERTIES
Standard Nominal Nominal Steel Nominal Mass Strand Minimum Strand Modulus of Elasticity
Diameter Area Kg/lm MBL / Fm (7) Proof Load Relaxation MPa
POST-TENSIONING DESIGN DATA
mm mm2 kN kN %
AS 4672 (1) 12.7 super 98.6 0.786 184 156 (4) 2.5 185 to 205x103
15.2 super 143 1.125 250 212 (4) 2.5 185 to 205x103
15.2 EHT 143 1.125 261 222 (4) 2.5 185 to 205x103
BS 5896 (2) 12.9 super 100 0.785 186 158.1 (5) 2.5 180 to 205x103
15.7 super 150 1.180 265 225.3 (5) 2.5 180 to 205x103
prEN 10138-3 (3) 15.2 regular 140 1.093 248 213.0 (5) 2.5 180 to 205x103
15.7 regular 150 1.172 266 229.0 (5) 2.5 180 to 205x103
15.2 super 140 1.093 260 224.0 (5) 2.5 180 to 205x103
15.7 super 150 1.172 279 240.0 (5) 2.5 180 to 205x103
Notes: All strands are 7 wire relax 2 steel.
WIRE PROPERTIES
Standard Nominal Nominal Steel Nominal Mass Strand Minimum Strand Modulus of Elasticity
Diameter Area Kg/lm MBL / Fm (7) Proof Load Relaxation MPa
mm mm2 kN kN %
AS 4672 (1) 7 LR 38.5 0.302 64.3 54.7 (4) 2.0 195 to 215x103
BS 5896 (2) 7 LR 38.5 0.302 64.3 53.4 (5) 2.5 195 to 205x103
Notes: (1) Australia / New Zealand Standard AS 4672 steel prestressing materials
(2) British Standard BS 5896 High Tensile steel wire and strand for prestressing of concrete
(3) European Standard prEN 10138-3 prestressing steels Part 3: Strand
(4) At 0.2% offset, refer AS 4672
(5) At 0.1% offset, refer BS 5896 or prEN 10138-3 as applicable
(6) Relaxation after 1000 hrs at 0.7 x breaking load
(7) MBL = Minimum Breaking Load (to AS 4672 and BS 5896). Fm = Characteristic Force (to prEN 10138-3)
Round Steel Duct 0.16 to 0.24 0.16 to 0.24 N/A 0.15 to 0.20 0.12 to 0.16 0.15 to 0.20
Duct
Round Steel Duct > 50mm 0.008 - 0.016 N/A N/A N/A 0.008 - 0.012 0.008 - 0.016
Flat Steel Duct N/A N/A N/A 0.016 - 0.024 N/A N/A
Greased & Sheathed N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Notes: To reduce excess friction, it may be possible to flush the tendon with water or water soluble oil.
If the duct or strand has a film or rust, the ducts are full of water, the friction values can increase significantly.
(1) Allow for 5% loss in effective jacking force at surface recessed stressing pans.
(*) Tendon wobble values listed are indicative only. Actual wobble is often dependent on construction technique and
workmanship.
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POST-TENSIONING
Post-tensioning (PT) is an efficient way of reinforcing concrete while you are building often allowing the construction
of something which might otherwise have been impossible. It can also be combined with other structural materials,
such as steel and masonry structures. PT provides active reinforcement and places the concrete structure under
compression in those regions where load causes tensile stress.
Massive developments in post-tensining over the past decades means that it is now a mainstream component of the
construction industry and is applied in bridges, buildings, arenas, dams, nuclear power stations, wind farms, cryogenic
LNG tanks, silos, wastewater treatment plants, water reservoirs, marine structures, retaining walls, towers and tunnels.
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Internal bonded vs. unbonded
post-tensioning
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EXTERNAL POST-TENSIONING
External prestressing was first used has the following distinct advantages: changes, known as wobble,
in the late 1920s and has recently The application of external are practically eliminated.
undergone a resurgence being used prestressing can be combined Furthermore with the use of a
in bridges, both for new construction with a broad range of polyethylene sheathing the friction
as well as strengthening of existing construction materials such coefficient is drastically reduced
structures. as steel, timber, concrete and compared to internal bonded
composite structures. This can prestressing using corrugated
Features of external prestressing considerably widen the scope of metal ducts.
External prestressing is characterised the post-tensioning applications. Generally the webs can be made
by the following features: Due to the location and thinner, resulting in an overall
The prestressing tendons are accessibility of the tendons, lighter structure.
placed on the outside of the monitoring and maintenance can Strengthening capabilities.
physical cross section (mostly in be readily carried out compared
concrete) of the structure. to internal, bonded prestressing. As an overall result, better concrete
The forces exerted by the Due to the absence of bond, it quality can be obtained leading to a
prestressing tendons are only is possible to restress, destress more durable structure.
transferred to the structure at the and exchange any external
anchorages and at deflectors. prestressing cable, provided that
No bond is present between the structural detailing allows for Typical application for external
the tendon and the structure, these actions. prestressing
except at anchorage and deflector Improves the concrete placing
locations. due to the absence of tendons in Repair work and strengthening of
the webs of bridge sections. all kinds of structures
Improvement of conditions for Precast segmental construction
Advantages of external tendon installation which can take Simple and continuous spans
prestressing place independently from the Underslung structures
concrete works. Incremental launching procedure,
Compared to internal bonded post- in particular concentric
Reduction of friction losses,
tensioning the external prestressing prestressing.
because the unintentional angular
www.structuralsystems.com.au 37
BBR VT Cona CME
38 www.structuralsystems.com.au
Available tendon sizes
Type of strands
System 06
mm2 140 150
MPa 1,860 1,860
EXTERNAL POST-TENSIONING
Tendon sizes
Strands Characteristic ultimate resistance of tendon (kN)
System 06
mm2 140 150
MPa 1,860 1,860
01 260 279
02 521 558
03 781 837
04 1,042 1,116
05 1,302 1,395
06 1,562 1,674
07 1,823 1,953
08 2,083 2,232
09 2,344 2,511
12 3,125 3,348
13 3,385 3,627
15 3,906 4,185
16 4,166 4,464
19 4,948 5,301
22 5,729 6,138
24 6,250 6,696
25 6,510 6,975
27 7,031 7,533
31 8,072 8,649
37 9,635 10,323
42 10,937 11,718
43 11,197 11,997
48 12,499 13,392
55 14,322 15,345
61 15,884 17,019
69 17,968 19,251
73 19,009 20,367
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Structural Systems operate
throughout Australia,
the Middle East,
South Africa
and the United Kingdom.
www.structuralsystems.com.au 10.2011