Write your name here Mukdramad Kaa —Vi-ney/ Nears | Pearson Edexcel a ao 2 Aimiark) (Total for Question 1 2. The chemical equation and the rate equation for the reaction between and bromine are itrogen monoxide 2NOIg) + Br:(g] -» 2NOBr rate = k{NOPIBr,} When the concentration of nitrogen monoxide is halved and the concentration of bromine is doubled, the rate is CA unchanged, : . OB doubled. BC halved. OD quartered. (Total for Question 2 = 1 mark) Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit. 1iM.LON OG iu SN ‘au SIM LAN SUI MM .ON OG Wativ si og dol Saas auluiha ili| Oa 3 Which graph shows how the rate constant of a reaction, k, changes with temperature? eal —- Temperature NS ns Temperature i—<"_, Temperature Temperature (Total for Question 3 = 1 mark) When solid sodium hydrogencarbonate is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, the mixture starts fizzing and the temperature drops. NaHCO,(s) + HCl(aq) + NaCl(aq) + CO,(g) + H,01) Which statement about this reaction is not true? Oa BB oc oo AHis positive AS. urundings iS positive. AS. 15 positive, "ie Svea is positive. (Total for Question 4 = 1 mark) CIDA EE TEThere is a decrease in the entropy of the system when } A agaseous molecule decomposes into two smaller gaseous molecules. 1 1 B asolid decomposes to form a gas. i 2 BBC avapour condenses. ie OD asolid melts. a (Total for Question 5 = 1 mark) ee 2 What is the enthalpy change for dissolving sodium chloride in water? z NaClis) + aq > Nataq) + Cl faq) * He! = BFaston MMlya = Alyson Bitty Abige “At OA Ady = + Lattice energy of NaCl + AMyg Nat + AH ys Cl* DB AH. = + Lattice energy of NaCl — AtiysNat — Ayal , 13 | CC AH, =~ Lattice energy of NaCl — AM,,Nat — AH, yCl i BR D At. = ~ Lattice energy of NaCl + BHysNa” + Mya (Total for Que: mark) Energy is given out when one mole of gaseous sodium ions is hydrated. Na‘(g) + aq > Na‘{aq) vauy This reaction is more exothermic than the corresponding reaction for potassium ions, K'(g), because e & 1 A sodium compounds are more soluble than potassium compounds. (DB the first ionisation energy of sodium is greater than the first ionisation energy of potassium, OC the lattice energies of sodium compounds are more exothermic than the lattice energies of corresponding potassium compounds. 3D the radius of the Na’ ion is less than the radius of the K* ion. Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit. 3 3 Zz (Total for Question 7 = 1 mark) 2 a z a : IAD OA A ss.8 Silver oxide decomposes on heating, | i | Ag0(s) + 2Ag{s) + 40,(9) What is the expression for the equilibrium constant, K, for this reaction? I BAK _ (PAg)? x (p02)"* po (pAg20) (oAg0) os =———- 2 ° (pAgl? (p02) : Bek, =(p03)" t (p0,)" (Total-for Question 8 = 1 mark) ‘ 9 The dissociation of methanoic acid in aqueaus solution is endothermic. When a i sample of aqueous methanoic acid is warmed * BA the pH will decrease. (0B the pH does not change. (1 the concentration of undissociated HCOOH will increase. 5D the concentration of methanoate ions will decrease. __(Total for Quest 10 Which solution has the highest pH? 1 A 0.010 mol dm® sodium hydroxide solution ®% B 0.100 mol dm® sodium hydroxide solution 11 € 0.010 mol dm aqueous ammonia 1D 0.100 mol dm? aqueous ammonia (Total for Question 10 = 1 mark) 11 An indicator with a pH range 3.8 to 5.4 is suitable for the titration of A nitric acid with ammonia. OB ethanoic acid with sodium hydroxide. COC ethanoic acid with ammonia. OD sodium thiosulfate with iodine. (Total for Question 11 = 1 mark) {AQT EA EA a| 12. The reaction between concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid is HNO, + H,SO, = H.NO} + HS0; The Bronsted-Lowry acids in this equilibrium are 1 A HNO, and H,SO; 1B HANO} and HO; 1 C HNO, and Hso; §@ D_ HNO; and H,50, (Total for Question 12 = 1 mark} 13 When one of the optical isomers of 2-bromobutane reacts with aqueous hydroxide ions by an S,2 mechanism, butan-2-ol is formed Which of the following is correct? DA There are two steps in,the reaction. | BB B The butan-2-ol which forms is optically active. © Aracemic mixture forms. o 1 D A planar intermediate forms. (Total for Question 13 = 1 mark) 14 Ethanamide, CH,CONH,, is formed in one step by the reaction of OA ethanoic acid with ammonia. es 1 B_ ethanoyl chioride with ammonia. Cha 7 MG CC ethanal with hydrogen cyanide. (0 D_ methanol with methylamine. | (Total for Question 14 = 1 mark) _ Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit. | ) UY 0 EN A , Vey » VAUY SIL NI aLIuM LON Oo ALIMM.LON OG vu sin,| 15 The ester | | can be made by reacting OA ethanoic acid with 2-methylbutan-. 5 Sip OB propanoic acid with 2-methylbutan-2-ol. " —* OC ethanoic acid with 3-methylbutan-2-ol. bute? BD _propanoic acid with 3-methylbutan-2-ol (Total for Question 15 = 1 mark) Propanoic acid’can be obtained by the OA oxidation of propanone with potassium dichromate(VI) and sulfuric acid. 1B reduction of propanal with lithium tetrahydridoaluminateilll). BC _ hydrolysis of methyl propanoate with hydrochloric acid 1D hydrolysis of propyl methanoate with hydrochlorie aci — (Total for Question 1 Which pair of compounds can be easily distinguished by their infraréd spectra outside the fingerprint region? BA GH ftom GH, DOB GHyofrom CH, C1 CH,CH.CH,OH from CH;CH(OH)CH; (1D CH,COOC;H, from C;H It can be used to measure the amount of each component in a mixture. (Total for Question 18 = 1 mark) 19 The mass spectrum of dichloroethene, C,H,Cl,, has large peaks at m/e values of 61 and 63 ~ due to fragmentation when a C—Cl bond breaks. The only isotopes present in the fragment forming the peak at m/t °C, "Hand *Cl. MC, "Hand #CL Oa Os | Oc | wo Onna Hand "CL. "C, Hand "CL s {ON VaU¥ SIH NI ELIM LON OG 1h LON OG a = 5 = oq (JON. ini haw SILf | 20 The infrared spectrum of a compound is shown. 1 5 08 Relative transmittance 0-6 04] 0.2} 3000 2000 1000 Wavenumber/cm* | Use the informatign on pages 5 and 6 of your Data Booklet to ideritify which 4 compound produced this spectrum. (A CH,CHO 7 OB CH,COCHs (0 ¢ CH,CH=CHCH,OH OD GH, (Total for Question 20= 1 mark) _ > : TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 20 MARKS TIVE EESECTION B Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. 21 Crystal violet is an indicator which is coloured in solutions of acids, and colourless in alkalis. The kinetics of the reaction of crystal violet with sodium hydroxide were investigated. Using the abbreviation CV" for the formula of crystal violet, a simplified equation for the reaction is Vag) + OHaq) > CVOH(aq) violet colourless (a) Equal volumes of 0-100 mol dm sodium hydroxide and 5.00 x 10 mol dm* crystal violet were mixed, (Explain why very different concentrations of sodium hydroxide and crystal violet were used if the experiment to find the order with respect to crystal violet. m NlaoW Aslatetn 6. tedsen.. 04 lage extort 0 Me Cones at hesD4. effets on rade eg remgoan na the vate tan be dhdied © tare, CVF Cone (ii) Suggest a method which could be used in this experiment to continuously monitor the change in concentration of crystal violet with time, Colorimetric mettod. 10 ROU 8 A NaLRIM LON OG a) LONG StH) Hi Ni dt LON OG VaR SIL(Cv"(aq)] / To?mol dm* 15 Time / min Measure two half-lives for this reaction showing your working on the graph. Give the halflives below. Fest Hoty Aege 7-5 Sine 2M hal Lipo 7-5 mas {iv) Use your half-lives to deduce the order with respect to CV". Justify your answer. wert. Cut git The... 6idler....0f.... he Reastean Orde a te phe Lever tee or. Consent. Fae we wn —() Complete the table by calculating the missing values. (b) In another series of experiments the rate constant was determined at different temperatures, The table shows the values of the rate constant, k, at different temperatures. Some of the corresponding values for the reciprocal of temperature and In k are also shown. calculate the gradient. 1 et get 33: 340 ot je aes 48 {i) Plot 2 graph of in kon the vertical axis against 1/Ton the horizontal axis and i) ae ee k ae ‘ink 7 In 285 3.35% 10° 351x107 5.70 288 [430x107 3.47 x10" “45 t | 21 | 519x105 3.44 x 107 “52600 T ~ T 294 | 667x107 340x107 | -5.01 + 297 791% 10? 3.37% lo? 494 oy a le 2 AER 0 UPB A rT 43 A vaniv sii Niaininion o¢ ‘Wau STHLN) ALIaM LON OGa oth yam BBs xio> —3.5KI0 ms — FD YR47Es me = 61300435 K Gradient un. 61 3Q1.426K. ‘ (i) Use your value of the gradient in (b)(i to calculate the activation energy, Es, of the reaction. Remember to include units with your answer, which should be given to two significant figures. The Arrhenius equation is Ink = = x + constant - [R=831Jmol'K"] me - Ee R Ea= —Rw Ens 8,31 x — 61301435 5094391 Duel” = 5019439) Edel 7 = Sl edwel (2s \1 el (Total for Question 21 = 14 marks) SHURE EOE EEE 0 OE22 This question is about the isomers P and Q. CHsCOCH(CH:): CH,CH;COCH,CH; P Q (a) Identify the reagent used in a test to show that P and Q are both carbonyl compounds. Give the positive result of the test. (2) Reagent on Xn 4. MPH... 0 dat deniteap hay Ageleszsnee Result Catbenl.ermpennds ..Jexm....Stage fy elles. PPE: (b) Identify the reagents used in a test which gives a positive result with P but not with Q. «Give the positive result of the test and identify the organic product which is observed. . (3) | . | Reagents Add aquens Noon and ty soliton (werm) Result. Yetfow Copal 6 pellens tebe remo Identity of organic product CHE trirodomettine. {c) Name the organic product formed when P reacts under suitable conditions with lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(ti) ' Sx metty| budan — 2-01 : _ mK Ha CH CH Eh chy ed) SL FAO 0 0 #4 CR as(d) The proton nmr spectra of P and Q were compared. Complete the table, } i P | Q | - CHCOCH(CH.), GHCH.CocHcH, | Number of peaks inthe | > low resolution nmr spectrum 3 | Number of H atoms producing | peak with the greatest area in 6 | é low resolution nmr spectrum | Splitting pattern of the peak with greatest area in the 2) try high resolution nmr spectrum dows uat ¢ poe (e) A sequence of reactions was carried out with Q, ct CHsCH,COCH.CH | Le | HCN in the presence of NaCN = Compound R | | reagent A CHSCH,CCH,CH; COOH Compound $ | heat with an acid catalyst —_—_— = | | Polymer T 16 ANIMA EL EA i . | | vauy SIH! 3M LOM Oa o 8 z & 2 a 2(i) Complete the mechanism for the reaction of Q with HCN in the presence of | NaCN, showing relevant curly arrows, lone pairs, charges and dipoles. 4) 58 i” (a zy, Hey CH,CH;CCH,CH, — Ch cH Fm | oN a 7,c=N" | a °" Chycmy & enact 7 Cie am | (i) Identify the reagent A used to convert compound R to compound S. Dr lace. Hydra cherie. edd ( det HE (ili) Draw the displayed formula of two repeat units of polymer T. (Total for Question 22 = 17 marks) QA A = inThis question is about lactic acid, CH,CH(OH)COOH (@) Give the IUPAC name for lactic acid 8 hydrowy propaneic acd (b) Write the equation for the reaction of lactic acid with excess phosphorus(V) chloride, PCl;, showing the structural formula of the organic product. State symbols are not required. 43) Ct CH (ott) COOH +&PCI5, —% CHscH(Cl)Cocl +4 pocls + LHC Ch, cu (cl) Cocl 4 oO rot ow ‘ we o—e— ce — cl (c) The acid dissociation constant, K,, of lactic acid is 1.38 x 10“ mol dm (i) Write the expression for the acid dissociation constant of lactic acid. Ke = Leayen(on) coo] fmt) L chycn(on) coon) (ii) State whether lactic acid is a stronger or weaker acid than ethanoic acid. Quote data from page 18 of your Data Booklet to justify your answer. a Ke. for chara eed 17x 10S mofders = Ke i locheé Bad SRK 10 moidecd Lage acd word be sie Kin Cheney. Let as BA hen lager. Ka. Medes PINE AN 1 A 0 i — waei | (ii) Calculate the pH of a 0.150 mal dm* solution of lactic acid, giving your answer | to two decimal places. State two assumptions you have made. Thy CHCOH)CooK TB CHych(On) Coos + H* a | i Sngheet 5 ONS melden? Q ° I Os —% / mh. a 3s ft oo Kee _ Sm 1+3ax Ja74 = 20 > ae HF 2 | assumptions aalitle Tie * TOF lia [Ht] = 207% 10 Lemenconeotl = LH ag (80 0005) “The Cone. b Ns CKCOn) Coon at ey wibrem = GIS a As fhe Wey Bead ony 169008 pectielly. > : | ! (iv) A buffer solution with a pH of 4.00 is prepared using lactic acid and | sodium lactate, CH;CH(OH)COONa. i Calculate the mass of sodium lactate that should be dissolved in 1.00 dm* of 0.150 mol dm” solution of lactic acid to make a buffer solution of pH 4.00, | Sodium lactate has molar mass of 112 g mol” bu = pKa + tog, Fees ) ~ Fs C Awad 400 = 386 + tog, a) mean a, Cry CnCon)coone legue Gel. ume Our wm = Odors x 11D i [uj, 10% Ours a3. 8469 = 020705 me tens | | [emcn(on) eoone} - 0.26766 nerd Fea. m*(v) A small volume of hydrochloric acid is added to the buffer solution made in (¢) (iv). Explain why the pH of the solution does not change significantly. Include an equation when you refer to any reaction which occurs. ot tin Bagger alalren He Garey Weeten, eit _eangegie baie —femcacon caer [ety 24 (on) Coo] heo ‘o By When Smet Velma QM Added, Aerts. etien(as) conn Cy cH CON) Com AAT, He tins toe deed fh Super 4 Meg ullbrtan hat fo Ke LHS and entra HE im re remaved by te Gogjegete base ; EnscnCon) coe + AY —> Ch, CHC0n) Coon . aut LON OG on this wey att ext HT tena elle are removed (Total for Question TOTAL FOR SECTION B=48MARKS {ANT NOG 4 WESECTION C t c | >| Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. i 24 Nitrosyl chloride, NOCI, is a yellow gas which decomposes on heating. i 2NOCI(g) = 2NO(g) + Clg) (a) A sample of 2.00 mol of NOCI was heated in a sealed vessel to a certain temperature, T. ‘The volume of the vessel was 5.00 dm’. When equilibrium was reached, 0.220 mol of NO had been formed. (i) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, K., for this reaction. a) “ Ke = Lea) Lehig) s [Noch £ *(ii) Calculate the value of K, under these conditions. Include units in your answer. See algae ‘ 2 — a NoCka, SF eNe F Cig, Sn itres 3-00 mate 6 ° Mole, ax ca 0-22 mele Ort) mee | eel (200- ax role, ‘ 1-48 mole, | ax= 0220) t w= Ol moles | gg 178 oiaat si i | Gane 5 = = | 0356 medn? 6+ 044 eed | a mraldes? kK. L 0-044} [ 0-022) ec = «© Lovely Levene [o-35¢]* .. Ke = 3-36 KIO mel dn a nn (ANE 8 u - nay, I ae“(i) The volume of the vessel containing the equilibrium mixture in (a) was doubled to 10 dm*, keeping the temperature constant. State the effect of this change in volume on the value of K.and on the umber of moles of NO at equilibrium. A calculation is not required but justify your answers (2) The elie! 6 Kenta tul Sty... uncheaged. a, We Ke Joon & Pre breackon reece 4 ye Cons bun ling. a teenperetove. ts Kept Canetent "Che, Valine ke} Kp Can only be heaped. by bempereture) aie 3 The poston a3 sgulibton —— wood, 4 oye | & fhe RMS ae Uareea ng Ma Vilurss > 1eolu te, the Prestore! Seg ulbrom hgh fe he Ske we mere laseous Mroleg + (Ke howbe, oj yaniv SIL rele 43 NO a eprom tented 1 oreate.. (5) (i) Some data about nitrosyl chloride is given in the table. Complete the table with the data for nitrogenitl) oxide and chlorine, using the Data Booklet where appropriate. | Standard enthalpy change | Standard moter entropy, Substance | of formation, AH;"ass or NOClig) | $517 | 261.7 suv SHANI ALnIM LON O@ i ; i NOjg) | + 90.2 lo. | tf i (i) Calculate the standard enthalpy change of the reaction, AH”, at 298 K | 2NOCIg) + 2NO(g) + Clg) DH = 2 ANE Gast) — 2 MW oeareay = { a(4o2) +6] — {2« $1.7) ie = 1804 103-4 } AH = +7F Kamel! . ~ fe . | {il) Use your answer to (byl) to explain why ASj.s.becomes less negative as, temperature increases. Vv Ase = TAL . —270¢0 Gmut mocceeel 248 Asem 0b VR. ae Kae Peaetewq, IN Radke theme? seis A Sit YD the hep a Ae Raghu terpertnee. Ase weukd be deat ~ve Qo OH Velke = beng hevicled 4y Te bemperekure + | He above epperes A Sint berated Cho Be ews | (iv) inthe expression relating the equilibrium constant to the total entropy change and hence explain how the equilibrium constant changes as the temperature increases. nA (2) A Stee = 8 AK there’ Kt.) Kp eae ae a evr PS so ee : Foe tm trate 6 RAR a Meee eral Leerenre. bode Preterm? Ke wnt ee nem, as oreme. wk vrs CANVEYEN LUE EEE WEA 23 UOT(©) @_ The standard molar entropies of the substances, 5, in the reaction are given at 800K. Smee] sana ob enter, See me Noelig) | 305.5 | ~ NO(g) | 231.2 Clg) | 189.3 Explain why the value for the standard molar entropy of all these substances is greater at 800 K than at 298 K. (2) L Mt Aaghe, Himporstire Hh Ptertetles Aiawe rare x Tandemmecs! lhe, malar entropy Vébwe,... stale, PR Cre ae nan pitcinget.tman srecgete. net rove Jest TA. epprent Chrectsome S* Vette, 18 Crete vay sini Calculate the standard entropy change of the system, AS~ jon, at 800 K. * | Include a sign and units with your answer. Asj = FS% pans — 25% 7 = (2¢a312) + 1843) — [2x sors] 651.7 — 61] Ve | - +40.7 Tel? K TNT EE ETAT EES,(il The standard enthalpy change of the reaction, AH™ at 800 K is +53.2 kJ mol”. Show by calculation whether or not the reaction is thermodynamically spontaneous at 800 K. B Sec = ate — 4532) & Ime Boo | I Asin = = 665 5 ele D Stans = 4ibye + SSeu0 | A Stal = 446-7 — 6&5 NSury = — USB T mal R The veectery Prism dportanerne at 805 : Ax A ves <0 . Asem bm be vel (Total for Question 2: TOTAL FOR SECTION C = 22 MARKS TOTAL FOR PAPER = 90 MARKS a | | RR rr