Smartcluster: A Metamodel Indicators For Smart and Human Cities (Presentation)

SMART CLUSTERING BRAZILIAN CITIES:
AN EXPLORATORY MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Ricardo Alexandre Afonso

Advisor: Vinicius Cardoso Garcia
April, 2016
Ricardo Alexandre Afonso April 28, 2016 (UFPE) Federal University of Pernambuco (CIn) Informatics Center 1/51
Summary Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Introduction
Smart Cities Definition

Related Work
On Evaluating Smart Cities Models: A Systematic Literature Review
Background and Motivation
The Proposal Problem Statement

Unifying a Taxonomy of Indicators and a catalog of metrics
Research Questions and Goals
Applying
SmartCluster: Brazilian Northeastern cities measured and compared Outline of Contributions
Summary and Outlook
Introduction
Related Work
Evaluating Smart Cities Models
The Proposal Review Method / Results

Discussion addressing research questions
Applying
SmartCluster: Brazilian Northeastern cities measured and compared
Summary and Outlook
Introduction
Related Work
Metrics for cities comparison
The Proposal Defining Metrics and Variables

Taxonomy for smart cities

Applying
Defining Areas, Domains and Indicators
Summary and Outlook
Introduction
Related Work
On Evaluating Smart Cities Models: A Systematic Literature Review Applying Level A (Metrics)
The Proposal Applying Level B(Taxonomy)

SmartCluster: Analyzing Clusters

Applying
Summary and Outlook
Introduction
Contributions
Related Work
Works Published
The Proposal
Next Steps
Applying
SmartCluster: Brazilian Northeastern cities measured and compared Schedule
Summary and Outlook
Introduction
Smart Cities Definition

Related Work
Background and Motivation
The Proposal Problem Statement

Research Questions and Goals
Applying
SmartCluster: Brazilian Northeastern cities measured and compared Outline of Contributions
Summary and Outlook
Introduction Smart Cities Definition Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Comparison ? Indicators ?
Domains ?
Definition ? Metrics ?
Areas ? Open data ?

Models ?
Introduction - Background and Motivation Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Water Tech
Macei
Environment Finances (AL)
?
Birigui
(SP)
Recife
(PE)
Problem: The existing models are heterogeneous. Absence in the formalization of the proposed models.
Introduction - Problem Statement Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
How to
classify Smart Models Areas Domains
Cities ?
How to
measure Metrics Variables Indicators
Cities ?
How to obtain
and process Mining Formalization Visualization
Data ?
Introduction - Research Questions and Goals Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
[ RQ1] How to evaluate how smart a city can be?
[ RQ2 ] Which indicators are appropriate to Brazilian reality?
[ RQ3 ] How to obtain and process data on smart cities?
[ RQ4 ] How to provide an formal environment to data visualization?
Introduction - Outline of Contributions Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
[ OC1] Literature review on Smart Cities
[ OC2 ] Create a taxonomy of indicators (classify)
[ OC3 ] Definition of metric and variables (compare)
[ OC4 ] Clustering and comparison of indicators
[ OC5 ] Case study with Brazilian cities
Introduction Outline of Contributions Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Related Work Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Introduction
Related Work
Evaluating Smart Cities Models
The Proposal Review Method / Results

Discussion addressing research questions
Applying
Summary and Outlook
Related Work - Evaluating Smart Cities Models Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Evaluating Models of Smart Cities: A Five-Steps Process
Evaluating Models of Smart Cities: A Five Steps Process
Related Work Review Results Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Related Work Discussion addressing research questions Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
The Proposal Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Introduction
Related Work
Metrics for cities comparison
The Proposal Defining Metrics and Variables

Taxonomy for smart cities

Applying
Defining Areas, Domains and Indicators
Summary and Outlook
The Proposal Metrics for cities comparison Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Why create metrics ?
Metrics
The Proposal Defining Metrics and Variables Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Normalizing data Visualizing data
The Proposal Defining Metrics and Variables Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Analyzing data = Information
The Proposal Taxonomy for smart cities Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Why create taxonomy ?
Smart City
Smarter Cities Model Smart City Wheel
UST Global
IBM Dr. Cohen
The Proposal Taxonomy for smart cities Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Q1 How the indicators are described, modeled and implemented ?
Q2 What is the origin of the data to feed these indicators?
Q3 How a particular indicator is decomposed into other indicators ?
Q4 What indicators can be used by Brazilian cities ?
Q5 What is the relationship between indicators and public databases ?
Q6 How to evaluate the quality and usability of an indicator ?
Q7 How the indicators are divided into Domains and Areas ?
The Proposal Defining Areas, Domains and Indicators Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
The Proposal Defining Areas, Domains and Indicators Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
SmartCluster Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Introduction
Related Work
On Evaluating Smart Cities Models: A Systematic Literature Review Applying Level A (Metrics)
The Proposal Applying Level B(Taxonomy)

SmartCluster: Analyzing Clusters

Applying SmartCluster:
Brazilian Northeastern cities measured and compared
Summary and Outlook
SmartCluster Flow Chart

Cities Data
Yes
Classification Com parison

Level (A + B) data mining Extend Ontology Exist Indicators ?
(level B ) (level A )
No
Clusters Clusters Clusters data Create / Certificate

Level A + B Level B Level A collected Indicator
Indicator
PCA PCA normalize data Created
Normalized
data
Smart Cities Dendrogram Taxonomy Dendrogram Metrics DataBase Updated Ontology Updated Indicator Certificated

Cities Data
Yes

No

Indicator
Normalized
data

Cities Data
Yes

No

Indicator
Normalized
data
Standard deviation -> 0.043 0.017 0.042

Average -> 0.558 0.754 0.454
(C) Development
IDH-r IDH-l IDH-e
City
Data z-Score t-Score Data z-Score t-Score Data z-Score t-Score
gua Branca 0.527 -0.71 2.16 0.728 -1.50 1.93 0.432 -0.53 2.46
Anadia 0.546 -0.27 2.38 0.756 0.12 2.81 0.444 -0.24 2.62
Arapiraca 0.638 1.88 3.46 0.780 1.50 3.57 0.549 2.28 4.00
Atalaia 0.545 -0.29 2.37 0.752 -0.12 2.69 0.431 -0.55 2.45
Barra de Santo Antnio 0.552 -0.13 2.45 0.732 -1.27 2.05 0.428 -0.62 2.41
Barra de So Miguel 0.638 1.88 3.46 0.767 0.75 3.16 0.475 0.50 3.03
Batalha 0.563 0.13 2.58 0.752 -0.12 2.69 0.496 1.01 3.30
Belm 0.587 0.69 2.86 0.764 0.58 3.07 0.464 0.24 2.88
Level B Level A
Atualmente temos os dados Services and Governance Infrastructure Territory Population Development
Educ Heal Secu Gove Hous Wate Ener Envi Tech Mobi Area Dens P Urb P Rur IDH-r IDH-l IDH-e
de todas as cidades dos nove Maceio 4.807 4.673 1.276 4.894 2.844 4.010 3.476 2.977 3.509 2.280 3.539 5.000 4.996 2.343 5.002 3.708 4.789
Arapiraca 3.839 3.669 1.250 3.925 2.949 3.425 3.378 3.139 4.648 2.280 3.104 2.703 2.301 4.925 3.727 3.386 3.914
Estados do nordeste Satuba 4.458 4.261 1.593 3.936 2.580 3.792 3.408 3.150 3.992 2.920 2.132 2.237 1.696 2.439 3.487 3.624 4.281
Cluster #1 Sao Miguel dos Campos 3.703 3.850 1.332 3.814 1.763 3.587 3.282 3.091 4.379 4.200 3.980 1.764 1.838 2.455 3.399 3.216 3.559
Marechal Deodoro 3.394 3.584 1.437 3.648 2.241 3.271 3.117 2.597 3.580 3.560 3.091 1.808 1.805 2.502 3.765 3.607 3.620
Rio Largo 3.877 3.850 1.318 3.670 2.287 3.608 3.343 2.642 3.391 3.560 2.934 2.032 1.851 3.307 3.449 3.522 3.894
Palmeira dos indios 3.645 3.790 2.071 3.747 2.977 3.249 3.238 2.667 4.237 4.200 3.388 1.914 1.835 3.810 3.563 3.624 3.650
Delmiro Gouveia 3.694 3.536 2.728 3.637 3.003 3.323 3.249 2.806 3.786 3.560 3.827 1.746 1.775 3.364 3.235 3.284 3.355
Penedo 3.916 3.778 2.075 3.880 3.065 3.489 3.189 3.023 4.055 4.200 4.071 1.771 1.811 3.535 3.272 3.284 3.782
Coruripe 3.316 3.173 1.840 3.304 2.788 3.260 3.055 2.497 3.264 1.640 4.911 1.701 1.815 2.785 3.134 3.200 3.833
Santana do Ipanema 3.306 3.185 2.045 3.348 2.914 2.876 2.651 2.361 3.185 2.920 3.320 1.798 1.747 3.729 2.982 3.216 3.040
Uniao dos Palmares 2.726 2.992 2.148 3.282 2.598 3.402 3.007 2.876 3.043 2.280 3.290 1.891 1.821 3.483 3.121 3.115 3.030
Average -> 3.234 3.169 2.831 2.665 3.546
Standard Deviation -> 0.966 0.587 1.007 0.983 0.437
Variation -> 0.934 0.345 1.014 0.966 0.191

Cities Data
Yes

No

Indicator
Normalized
data
Cluster #1 Cluster #2 Cluster #3 Cluster #4 Cluster #5

Variables A S A S A S A S A S
Level A
Cluster #1 Services 3,234 0,966 2,440 0,424 2,860 0,268 2,555 0,357 2,711 0,410
Infra 3,196 0,609 2,479 0,616 2,870 0,594 2,655 0,537 2,468 0,634
Level B
Territory 2,831 1,007 2,289 0,674 2,349 0,672 2,352 0,809 2,196 0,525
Population 2,665 0,983 2,519 0,685 2,532 0,962 2,481 0,909 2,188 0,534
Development 3,546 0,437 2,510 0,412 2,857 0,349 2,385 0,384 2,647 0,448
X ( SmartCluster _ Matrix) TLT E
C (orR ) E 0 E 0
T
(n 1)

Cities Data
Yes

No

Indicator
Normalized
data
Cluster (t)
Territory
Alagoas cities clustered

Cluster (p) by Metrics (Level A)
Population
Cluster (d)
Development
Ed (City a Cityb ) t (City a Cityb ) 2 p(City a Cityb ) 2 d (City a Cityb ) 2
Cluster (i)
Infrastructure
Alagoas cities clustered

by Taxonomy (Level B)
Cluster (s)
Services and
Management
d (City aCity b )
S (Citya Cityb ) 1,0
d (max)

Cities Data
Yes

No

Indicator
Normalized
data
Summary and Outlook Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Introduction
Contributions
Related Work
Works Published
The Proposal
Next Steps
Applying
SmartCluster: Brazilian Northeastern cities measured and compared Schedule
Summary and Outlook
Summary and Outlook - Contributions Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
[ (RQ1) How to evaluate how smart a city can be? ]

The best way found in this thesis was to compare the current models of smart cities (Chapter 2) and propose
a model that used variables (Chapter 3) and indicators (Chapter 4) compatible with the Brazilian reality.
[ (RQ2) Which domains and indicators are appropriate to the Brazilian reality? ]
This paper presented a way to filter and sort the cities using two levels: the first (Level A) by similarity
variables (Chapter 3), and then (Level B) by indicators based on public data (Chapter 4). The use of these two
levels is configured as a differential in relation to other models of smart cities and allows for more accurate
comparisons between the three cities.
[ (RQ3) How to obtain and process data on smart cities? ]

The data on smart cities were obtained from open public data sources. The processing of these data was the
normalization of indicators and variables, and then we used the Hierarchical Cluster method (HCA) to create
clusters of cities by similarity. Finally, we used the Principal Component Analysis technique (PCA) to identify a
possible level of pattern recognition (Chapter 5).
[ (RQ4) How to provide an environment to extraction and data visualization? ]

Data visualization can influence strategic decisions about investments in different areas of Smart Cities. After
mining, cataloging and processing of data of similar cities, this information was disposed in dendrograms of
smart cities clusters. The grouping of smart cities identified patterns in indicators of cities, and thus allow
managers to choose which ways will be adopted to improve processes and resource optimization.
Summary and Outlook - Works Published Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
[ Books (1) ]
Smart Cities: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review. 1. ed. Amazon,

2015. v. 1. 96p
[ Journals (1) ]
(Br-SCMM) Brazilian Smart City Maturity Model: A Perspective from the Health
Domain. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 2015. (quails b2)
[ Conferences (8) ]
Brazilian smart cities: comparing inequality. In: the 16th Annual International
Conference on Digital Government Research - dg.o 2015 (quails b1)
Br-SCMM - Brazilian Smart City Maturity Model: A Perspective from the Health
Domain. In: 15th World Congress on Health and Biomedical Informatics
(MEDINFO), 2015. (quails b1)
Smart Cities Maturity Model: Categorizing and Measuring Brazilian Smart Cities.
In: COMPSAC 2013. (quails a2)
Br-SCMM: Modelo Brasileiro de Maturidade para Cidades Inteligentes. In: IX
Simpsio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informao (SBSI), 2013. (best paper)
Summary and Outlook Next Steps Smart Clustering Brazilian Cities: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Qualis
[ A ] (May - Jul) ISSN Journal
0740-624X Government Information Quarterly A2
Expand the smart cities of indicators and review the data sources; 0169-023X Data & Knowledge Engineering A2
0516-5173 Information Processing & Management A2
A2
[ B ] (Jul Sep) 0377-0427
0950-7051
Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics
Knowledge-Based Systems A2
Review and extend the concepts in the thesis proposal including
mathematical formalization of PCA and Ontology;
[ C ] (May Nov) 1556-4681 ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data B1
1088-467X Intelligent Data Analysis (Print) B1
Publish the partial results in indexed journals 0219-1377 Knowledge and Information Systems (Print) B1
0269-8889 Knowledge Engineering Review (Print) B1
[ D ] (Nov Dec) 1551-5627 Telemedicine Journal and e-Health B1
1942-4787 Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery B1
Defending the doctoral thesis
1807-0512 Computational & Applied Mathematics B2
1381-298X Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory B2
0968-5227 Information Management & Computer Security B2
1353-5105 International Journal for Quality in Health Care B2
1062-7375 Journal of Global Information Management B2
0926-9651 Studies in Health Technology and Informatics B2
1615-5297 Universal Access in the Information Society (Internet) B2
1548-3886 International Journal of Electronic Government Research B4
SMART CLUSTERING BRAZILIAN CITIES:
AN EXPLORATORY MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Ricardo Alexandre Afonso

Advisor: Vinicius Cardoso Garcia
April, 2016

Smartcluster: A Metamodel Indicators For Smart and Human Cities (Presentation)

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SMART CLUSTERING BRAZILIAN CITIES:

AN EXPLORATORY MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS

Ricardo Alexandre Afonso

Smart Cities Definition

The Proposal Problem Statement

Research Questions and Goals

Summary and Outlook

The Proposal Review Method / Results

Discussion addressing research questions

Summary and Outlook

The Proposal Defining Metrics and Variables

Taxonomy for smart cities

Summary and Outlook

The Proposal Applying Level B(Taxonomy)

SmartCluster: Analyzing Clusters

Summary and Outlook

Summary and Outlook

Smart Cities Definition

The Proposal Problem Statement

Research Questions and Goals

Summary and Outlook

Areas ? Open data ?

[ RQ1] How to evaluate how smart a city can be?

[ RQ2 ] Which indicators are appropriate to Brazilian reality?

[ RQ3 ] How to obtain and process data on smart cities?

[ RQ4 ] How to provide an formal environment to data visualization?

[ OC1] Literature review on Smart Cities

[ OC2 ] Create a taxonomy of indicators (classify)

[ OC3 ] Definition of metric and variables (compare)

[ OC4 ] Clustering and comparison of indicators

[ OC5 ] Case study with Brazilian cities

The Proposal Review Method / Results

Discussion addressing research questions

Summary and Outlook

Evaluating Models of Smart Cities: A Five-Steps Process

Evaluating Models of Smart Cities: A Five Steps Process

Evaluating Models of Smart Cities: A Five Steps Process

Evaluating Models of Smart Cities: A Five Steps Process

Evaluating Models of Smart Cities: A Five Steps Process

Evaluating Models of Smart Cities: A Five Steps Process

The Proposal Defining Metrics and Variables

Taxonomy for smart cities

Summary and Outlook

Why create metrics ?

Normalizing data Visualizing data

Analyzing data = Information

Why create taxonomy ?

Q1 How the indicators are described, modeled and implemented ?

Q2 What is the origin of the data to feed these indicators?

Q3 How a particular indicator is decomposed into other indicators ?

Q4 What indicators can be used by Brazilian cities ?

Q5 What is the relationship between indicators and public databases ?

Q6 How to evaluate the quality and usability of an indicator ?

Q7 How the indicators are divided into Domains and Areas ?

The Proposal Applying Level B(Taxonomy)

SmartCluster: Analyzing Clusters

Summary and Outlook

SmartCluster Flow Chart

Classification Com parison

Clusters Clusters Clusters data Create / Certificate

SmartCluster Flow Chart

Classification Com parison

Clusters Clusters Clusters data Create / Certificate