Chapter-01

Key Points:

1. Physics Is The Study of Entire Physical World.

2. The Most Basic Quantities That Can Be Used To Describe The Physical World Are Mass,
Length And Time. All Other Quantities, Called Derived Quantities, Can be Describe In
Terms Of Some Combinations Of The Base Quantities.

3. The Internationally Adopted System Of Used By All The Scientists And Almost All The
Countries Of The World Is International System (SI) Of Units. It Consists Of Seven Base
Units, Two Supplementary Units And A Number Of Derived Units.

4. Errors Due To Incorrect Design Or Calibrations Of the Measuring Device Are Called
Systematic Errors. Random Errors Are Due to Unknown Causes And Fluctuations In The
Quantity Being Measured.

5. The Accuracy Of A Measurement Is The Extent To Which Systematic Error Make A

Measured Value Differ From its True Value.

6. The Accuracy of A measurement Can be Indicated By the Number Of Significant Figures,

Or by a Stated Uncertainty

7. The Significant Figures Or Digits in a measured Or Calculated Quantity Are Those Digits
That Are Known To be Reasonably Reliable.

8. The Result of Multiplication Or Division Has No More Significant Figures Than Any
Factor in the input data. Round Off your Calculator result to correct number of digits.

9. In Case of addition or subtraction the precision of the result can be only as great the least
precise term added or subtracted.

10. Each basic measurable physical property represented by a specific symbol written within
square brackets is called dimension. All other physical quantities can be derived as
combinations of the basic dimensions.

11. Equation must be dimensionally Consistent. Two Terms can be added only when they
have the same dimension.

Chapter-02

Key Points:
1. The arrangements of mutually perpendicular axes is called rectangular
or Cartesian coordinate system.
 2. A scalar is a quantity that has magnitude only, whereas a vector is a quantity
has both direction and magnitude.

3. The Sum Vector of two or more vectors is called resultant vector.

4. Graphically the vectors are added by drawing them to a common scale

placing them head to tail, the vector connecting the tail of first to the head of
the last vector is the resultant vector.

5. Unit Vectors describe directions in space. A unit vector has a magnitude of 1

with no units.

6. A vector of magnitude zero without any specific direction is called null vector

7. The vector that describes the location of a particle with respect to the origin
is called position vector.

8. A body is said to be in equilibrium under the action of several forces if the

body has zero transnational acceleration and angular acceleration.

9. For a body to be in transnational equilibrium the vector sum of all the forces
acting on the body must be zero.

10.The torque is defined as the product of the force and the moment arm.

11.The moment arm is the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to
the direction of line of action of the force.

12.For a body to be in rotational equilibrium, the sum of torques on the body

about any axis must be equal to zero.

Chapter-03

Key Points:

1. Displacement is the change in the position of a body from its initial position to
its final position.

2. Average velocity is the average rate at which displacement vector changes

with time.

3. Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a particular instant of time. When the

time interval, over which the average velocity is measured, approaches zero,
the average velocity becomes equal; to the instantaneous velocity at that
instant.

4. Average acceleration is the ratio of the change in velocity v that occurs

within time interval t to that time interval.
 5. Instantaneous acceleration is the acceleration at a particular instant of time.
It is the value obtained from the average acceleration as time interval t is
made smaller and smaller, approaching zero

6. The slope of velocity-time graph at any instant represents the instantaneous

acceleration at that time.

7. The area between velocity-time graph and the time axis is numerically equal
to the distance covered by the object.

8. Freely falling is a body moving under the influence of gravity alone.

9. Newtons Law of Motion

1. 1st Law: The velocity of an Object will be content at any face on it is

zero

2. 2nd Law: an object gains momentum in the direction of applied force,

and the rate of change of momentum is proportional to the magnitude
of force.

3. 3rd Law: when two objects interact, they exert equal and opposite
force on each other for the same length of time, and so receive equal
and opposite impulses.

10.The momentum of an object is the product of its mass and velocity.

11.The impulse provided by a force is the product of force and time for which it
acts. It equals change in momentum of the object.

12.For any isolated system, the total momentum remains constant. The
momentum of all bodies in a system and up to the same total momentum at
all time.

13.Elastic Collisions Conserve Both momentum and kinetic Energy. In elastic

Collision, some of the energy is transferred by heating and dissipation forces
such as friction, air resistance and viscosity, so increasing the internal energy
of nearby objects.

Chapter-04

Key Points:

1. The Work done On a body by a constant force is defined as the product of the
magnitude of the displacement and the component of the force in the
direction of the displacement.
W=F.d = Fdcos

2. Work done by a variable force is computed by dividing the path into very
small displacement intervals then taking the sum of work done for all such
intervals
3. Graphically, the work done by a variable force in moving a particle between
two points is equal to the area under the F cos verses d curves between
these two points.

4. When an object is moved in the gravitational field of the each, the work is
done by the gravitational force. The work done in the Earths gravitational
field is independent of the path followed, and the work done along a closed
path is zero. such a force field is called conversation field.

5. Energy of a body is its capacity to do work. The Kinetic energy possessed by

a body due to its motion.

6. The potential energy is possessed by a body because of its position in a force

field.

7. The absolute P.E Of a body on the surface of Earth is

Ug=-GMm/R

8. The initial velocity of a body with which it should be projected upward so that
it does not come back, is called escape velocity.

9. Some of the non conventional energy sources are

1. Energy from the tides

2. Energy from waves

3. Solar energy

4. Energy from biomass

5. Energy from waste products

6. Geothermal energy