Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1992
Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 References 1
3 Definitions 1
4 Validation 1
5 Choice of product 2
6 Materials, surface preparation and finishing coats 2
7 Structural fire resistance 3
8 Durability 4
9 Site control 4
10 Maintenance 6
Annex A (normative) Procedure for assessment of durability 8
Figure 1 Orientation of specimen in weatherometer 7
Table 1 Durability test programme 5
List of references 10
BSI 03-1999 i
BS 8202-2:1992
Foreword
This Part of BS 8202 has been prepared under the direction of Technical
Committee B/209. It gives guidance on the use of intumescent coating systems for
the fire protection of structural elements.
In 1983 the Fire Research Station and the Greater London Council prepared some
guidelines for fire testing and evaluation of performance of intumescent coating
systems. Subsequently the first draft of this standard was prepared by a group of
manufacturers, in conjunction with the Fire Research Station.
In an industry where public safety is the prime consideration, it is strongly
recommended that manufacturers, suppliers and application specialists of
intumescent coating systems have a quality assurance scheme conforming to
BS 5750.
As a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance and
recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification and
particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not
misleading.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
ii BSI 03-1999
BS 8202-2:1992
1 Scope 3.3
top sealer coat
This Part of BS 8202 gives recommendations for the
use of intumescent materials as a coating to provide material applied to the surface of the intumescent
fire resistance and fire protection to metallic coating as a protection against environmental
substrates. It includes: degradation
a) guidance on compatibility with primer systems 3.4
and finishing coats; decorative coat
b) guidance on appraisal of fire test data from material used for decorative purposes only
standard cellulosic fires (see BS 476-20); 3.5
c) methods of assessing durability and ageing; intumescent coating system
d) methods of application and site quality control system comprising a primer (see 3.2), an
procedures; intumescent coating (see 3.1), a top sealer coat
e) recommendations for maintenance in use. (see 3.3) and/or a decorative coat (see 3.4)
NOTE Similar performance parameters may be used for the NOTE It is possible that a single coating may perform one or
selection of intumescent materials to provide fire resistance and more of the functions described in 3.1 to 3.5.
fire protection to non-metallic substrates (e.g. wood, concrete and 3.6
GRP), but they are outside the scope of this standard.
mechanical retention
2 References use of mechanical system(s) to retain the coating
system in-situ
2.1 Normative references
This Part of BS 8202 incorporates, by reference, 3.7
provisions from specific editions of other thermal response factor (Hp/A)
publications. These normative references are cited measure of heat sink by the ratio of section
at the appropriate points in the text and the perimeter (in m) to cross-sectional area (in m2)
publications are listed on the inside back cover. ranging from 26 (large heat sink) to 400 (small heat
Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of sink) with 180 being a typical average figure
these publications apply to this Part of BS 8202 only
when incorporated in it by updating or revision. 4 Validation
2.2 Informative references 4.1 Performance
This Part of BS 8202 refers to other publications For specification purposes an appropriate
that provide information or guidance. Editions of independent validation should be provided to
these publications current at the time of issue of this support the stated parameters of durability and fire
standard are listed on the inside back cover, but resistance.
reference should be made to the latest editions.
Independent validation should be based on fire test
data derived from fully loaded fire tests in
3 Definitions
accordance with BS 476-21:1987, supplemented, if
For the purposes of this Part of BS 8202 the required, by fire test data determined in accordance
definitions given in BS 476-20:1987 and with BS 476-20:1987.
BS 5950-1:1990 apply together with the following.
4.2 Quality
3.1
The manufacture and supply of intumescent coating
intumescent coating
materials should be supported by a quality system
coating which reacts under the influence of heat by in accordance with BS 5750-2:1987.
swelling in a controlled manner to many times its Application of the coating on site should be
original thickness and typically producing a layer of conducted to an equivalent level of quality
carbonaceous char or foam which acts as an assurance, adopting the criteria detailed in this
insulating layer for the substrate standard.
3.2
primer
interface coating(s) between the intumescent
coating (see 3.1) and the substrate
BSI 03-1999 1
BS 8202-2:1992
Any changes in the intumescent coating system or d) A spumific agent which decomposes at the same time as the
its method of application may affect its melting of the binder, and liberates large volumes of
non-flammable gases such as carbon dioxide, ammonia and
performance. Ideally, performance tests previously water vapour. These gases cause the binder to foam and
carried out should be repeated to ensure that the expand to provide an insulating char many times the original
level of performance is not affected. However, in coating thickness.
practice this is not always possible because of the 6.2 Surface preparation
cost of some types of test, particularly fire resistance 6.2.1 General
tests in accordance with BS 476-21, and because of
the range of variables which may occur, e.g. raw Fire test evidence should be obtained before
materials may be obtained from several sources or a overcoating any combination of surface coatings
coating may be required to be used with a large with an intumescent fire protection system. Where
number of different primers. Thus changes in the such evidence does not exist the substrate should be
chemical or physical nature of the components of the prepared as described in 6.2.2 and 6.2.3 or, if the
coating or their relative properties should be the coating is applied to a mechanically retained wire
subject of a full re-test in accordance with the mesh, as described in 6.2.4.
appropriate performance standard whilst detail 6.2.2 Preparation of steel substrates
changes in the coating system may be validated Unless specified otherwise in a relevant fire test
without repeating the appropriate performance test,
report, steel substrates should be prepared by
using analytical laboratory tests and/or reduced
removing scale and loose rust, using abrasive
scale performance tests.
blasting to give at least second quality as defined in
The report showing the justification for any BS 7079-A1:1989. Alternative methods of surface
assessment of changes in the coating system should preparation can be used provided it can be
be available for inspection where appropriate. demonstrated that fire resistance and durability are
NOTE It is important that any reduced scale tests can be shown not adversely affected. The surface should be free of
to correlate with the tests in the appropriate performance dust.
standard. In many cases the manufacturer or supplier of the
coating system would be the only source of this information. NOTE 1 Swedish standard SS 05 59 00 [1] is considered to give
an acceptable standard of surface preparation.
5 Choice of product Oil, grease and similar contaminants should be
removed by solvent cleansing.
Intumescent coatings are versatile materials which
NOTE 2 Guidance on the safe use of various solvents is given in
will cover areas of regular and irregular size and HSE literature1).
shape. However, each product should be chosen
All traces of moisture, either from direct water
carefully so as to meet the particular requirements
attack or condensation, should be removed unless
for a given end use. For example, in an external
otherwise agreed. Reference should be made to the
exposure situation or in damp conditions some
manufacturers instructions.
products may be unsuitable or may require
additional weather protection. 6.2.3 Priming
The main function of a primer is to provide corrosion
6 Materials, surface preparation and protection for the steel. It may also provide a bond
finishing coats for the intumescent coating. Care should be taken to
6.1 Composition ensure that the primer is compatible with the
intumescent coating and that it will not adversely
An intumescent coating should comprise active affect fire resistance. Different formulations of
ingredients which react together in a controlled primer within the same generic group may produce
sequence to produce the phenomenon known as different reactions with intumescent coatings.
intumescence. Primers should, therefore, be identified by both the
NOTE Typically these include the following. generic description and the product name.
a) A catalyst which decomposes to liberate mineral acid, Acceptance should normally be based on fire test
usually phosphoric acid. The most commonly used catalysts
are ammonium polyphosphates. data in accordance with BS 476-20:1987.
b) A carbonific agent which combines with the acid released by Where primers for which fire test data are not
the catalyst to form a carbonaceous char. Typical carbonific available are proposed, advice should be sought
agents are the common carbohydrates such as starch.
c) A resin system or binder which is designed to soften at the from the manufacturer or supplier of the
upper end of the reaction temperature range. intumescent coating on the chemical compatibility
and suitability for fire resistance applications.
1) A list of HSE publications may be obtained from Health and Safety Executive, Information Centre, Baynards House, 1-13
Chepstow Place, Westbourne Grove, London W2 4TF.
2 BSI 03-1999
BS 8202-2:1992
Where a chemically incompatible primer has been 4) heat emission when tested as described in BS 476-11.
identified, a barrier coating can be used to inhibit 6.3.2 Top sealer coat
chemical reaction, provided that its use is supported
The thickness, coating rate and the overcoating
by fire test data (see clause 4).
interval of the top sealer coat should be in
Where an unknown primer has already been accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
applied, the primer type and thickness should be
The top sealer coat can be pigmented and form the
determined and checked prior to application of the
final finish. In this case it is not generally necessary
coating. A check can be made on chemical
to ascertain how the pigment will affect the fire
compatibility at ambient temperatures by coating a
resistance. Alternatively, the top sealer coat can
small area with the intended intumescent coating
have a decorative coat applied to it (see 6.3.3).
and investigating any reaction. However, such
checks will not necessarily indicate compatibility in 6.3.3 Decorative coat
a fire situation. Ad hoc tests using a blow flame are The decorative coat can be applied directly to the top
not a reliable guide as the substrate may form such sealer coat or directly to the intumescent coating. It
a large heat sink that any intumescence may be should be chemically compatible with the coating to
inhibited. Therefore on site testing should be which it is to be applied and should not inhibit fire
supplemented by exploratory fire tests, using the performance. Care should be taken with repeated
heating regime in BS 476-20:1987 and a sample of application of decorative coats. If there is any doubt,
materials and/or substrate taken from the site. fire tests in accordance with BS 476-20:1987 should
Some intumescent coatings do not need to be primed be carried out.
for corrosion protection of the steel in a particular
exposure situation (see Table 1). In case of doubt, 7 Structural fire resistance
reference should be made to the manufacturers. 7.1 Structural steel compression and flexural
6.2.4 Mechanical retention members
Where an intumescent coating is applied to a wire The fire resistance of structural steel beams and
mesh and the mesh is mechanically retained by a columns should be determined by the method given
supporting structure the recommendations in 6.2.2 in BS 476-20:1987. The fire resistance time
and 6.2.3 may not apply. The primer should be achieved in a test in accordance with this standard
compatible with the intumescent coating but need is dependent on a number of factors, including the
not bond to the surface of the structure under fire nature of the coating, the thickness of the coating,
test conditions, provided that the coating and mesh the size and shape of the steel section and whether
have been shown to be capable of achieving the it is used as a beam or column.
required period of fire resistance independently of Because of the wide range of steel section sizes and
any bond to the substrate. shapes available it is impracticable to test every
6.3 Finishing coats combination of steel section and coating thickness.
The thickness of protection required for structural
6.3.1 Decorative and protective surface finishes
steel is therefore usually based on assessments
Where decorative or protective surface finishes are designed to ensure that the appropriate
required, either initially or subsequently (owing to performance, when tested in accordance with the
change of occupancy or use of buildings), it is heating conditions of BS 476-21:1987, will be
essential to ensure that the applied finish is achieved.
compatible with the intumescent coating and does
Details of an established method of assessment can
not impair its performance.
be found in Fire protection for structural steel in
Some factors which may affect the performance are: buildings [2].
a) chemical incompatibility; The ability of the coating to remain in place around
b) physical constraint of intumescence; the steel section is particularly dependent on the
c) excessive weight of coating; size and shape of steel section. It is therefore
essential to ensure that any coating is only used in
d) elasticity.
conjunction with a section shape with which it has
A surfacing material should satisfy the been evaluated.
requirements of any approving authority. NOTE Guidance is given in Fire protection for structural steel in
NOTE Such requirements may include the following: buildings [2].
1) non-combustibility when tested as described in BS 476-4;
2) fire propagation when tested as described in BS 476-6;
3) surface spread of flame, when tested as described in
BS 476-7;
BSI 03-1999 3
BS 8202-2:1992
4 BSI 03-1999
Table 1 Durability test programme
BSI 03-1999
BS 8202-2:1992
using beam (see Figure 1)
Salt spray test
in accordance with BS 3900-F4:1968 2 000 h 1 000 h
Natural exposure test
a) in an industrial environment 2 years minimum 1 year minimum 0.5 year minimum
b) in a marine environment
5
BS 8202-2:1992
9.2 Before application 9.3.5 The average applied thickness of each coat
9.2.1 To achieve the required standard of control in should be checked as described in the
the application of intumescent coatings necessitates manufacturers instructions, e.g. using wet film
a high degree of expertise and care and the work thickness combs.
should therefore be carried out only by adequately 9.3.6 The average dry film thickness should be
trained personnel. measured using suitable calibrated gauges,
NOTE A check should be made to ensure that the person e.g. magnetic induction gauges. Thickness
applying the coating is acceptable to the manufacturer or measurements should be taken on all exposed areas
supplier, has received training or instruction considered of the section at 500 mm maximum intervals and a
satisfactory by that manufacturer or supplier and is conversant
with application instructions for all the products forming part of
minimum of three measurements should be taken at
the intumescent coating system. These instructions should cover any face.
application procedure, material loading, dry and wet film
thicknesses and methods for checking quality of application.
9.4 After application
9.2.2 Before site work begins, a specification for the A final check should be made before it is confirmed
agreed intumescent coating system containing the that the coating system has been applied
following information should be provided: satisfactorily.
a) exposure situation for which the coating is The standard deviation of the dry film thickness
intended (see Table 1); from the mean should not be more than 0.15 or the
standard deviation noted in the fire test report. The
b) sizes and area of steelwork to be protected,
maximum total dry film thickness should not exceed
including approximate lengths, mass per unit
length in kilograms per metre and number of the maximum thickness for which the product has
individual members; been approved.
If these criteria are not met, the thickness
c) for each member, dry film thickness of material
distribution should be examined in more detail to
to be applied and which sides of the member are
determine whether remedial action is necessary.
to be coated;
d) details of primer, including information on 10 Maintenance
compatibility, and appropriate preparation
method (see 6.2); Recommendations should be given for decorative
coatings and surface maintenance in maintenance
e) details of top sealer coat and/or decorative coat,
schedules for the structure to ensure that the basic
including information on compatibility (see 6.3).
intumescent coating is not degraded. Where the
NOTE Attention is drawn to the fact that site control of intumescent coating is used in external or
intumescent coating systems may be the subject of Health and
Safety Executive requirements and special site orders, e.g. in construction phase exposure situations
connection with flammable liquids and toxic solvents. (see clause 8), or where the protection is achieved by
9.2.3 Where surface finish is important, a trial the application of a top sealer coat, then it is
panel or section representative of the surfaces to be essential to ensure that the top coat is adequately
coated should be prepared before work begins and maintained so as to remain imperforate.
stored carefully on site for use in quality control. Regular inspection is essential and impact, scuffing,
9.3 During application abrasions, etc. should be repaired as appropriate.
Where intumescent coatings are used as a
9.3.1 On delivery of the specified intumescent decorative feature of the building, overcoating may
material to site, the shelf life and date of expiry be necessary at periodic intervals and cleaning or
should be checked prior to application. The material washing down may be necessary in areas where
should be stored in accordance with the rubbing, scuffing or dirt deposits occur (see 6.3).
manufacturers instructions.
Reference should be made in maintenance
9.3.2 The substrate should be cleaned and prepared schedules to the fact that the coating applied to the
in accordance with 6.2. steel or other substrates is there specifically for
9.3.3 Environmental conditions should be structural fire protection purposes, needs to be
monitored to ensure that the coating is applied only maintained in a particular way and should never be
under conditions in accordance with the removed unless it is to be replaced by comparable
manufacturers instructions (see 6.2.3). material.
9.3.4 The coating should be applied as described in
the manufacturers instructions, e.g. using a spray,
brush or trowel.
6 BSI 03-1999
BS 8202-2:1992
BSI 03-1999 7
BS 8202-2:1992
Annex A (normative)
Procedure for assessment of
durability
A.1 Select the exposure situation listed in Table 1
corresponding to the environment for which the
coating system has been designed to determine the
appropriate test programme.
A.2 Prepare one specimen for each test in the
programme plus one specimen for use as a control.
The specimens should consist of steel I sections of
minimum
size 152 mm 152 mm 37 kg/m 500 mm and
minimum Hp/A = 165. Apply the intumescent
coating system to the steel substrate to give a
thickness for each coat of the system within 10 % of
the dry film thickness found to give a 1 h fire
resistance on that section size in previous fire tests
to BS 476-20:1987. All specimens in a given
programme should be of the same size.
A.3 Subject each specimen to the appropriate test
given in Table 1.
A.4 Subject all durability specimens plus the control
specimen to a heating regime as described in
BS 476-20:1987 for a minimum 1 h period.
8 BSI 03-1999
blank 9
BS 8202-2:1992
Normative references
Informative references
10 BSI 03-1999
BS 8202-2:1992
Other references
[1] SS 05 59 00, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness.
SS 05 59 00-1:1989, Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates
after overall removal of previous coatings.
Available from the Swedish Standards Institution (SIS), Box 3295, S-103 66, Stockholm.
[2] Fire protection for structural steel in buildings. Obtainable from Association of Specialist Fire Protection
Contractors and Manufacturers, PO Box 111, Aldershot, Hampshire GU11 1YW.
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