Evaluation of Rice Paddy

Laboratory No. 3
I .Introduction:
Rice is the most important human food crop in the world, directly feeding
more people than any other crop. In 2012, nearly half of worlds population more
than 3 billion people relied on rice every day. It is also the staple food
across Asia where around half of the worlds poorest people live and is becoming
increasingly important in Africa and Latin America.
Rice has also fed more people over a longer time than has any other crop. It
is spectacularly diverse, both in the way it is grown and how it is used by humans.
Rice is unique because it can grow in wet environments that other crops cannot
survive in. Such wet environments are abundant across Asia. The domestication of
rice ranks as one of the most important developments in history and now thousands
of rice varieties are cultivated on every continent except Antarctica.
Rice is extremely sensitive to water shortages. Good management practices
are critical to maximize water efficiency and yield. It is typically grown in bonded
fields (rice paddy) that are continuously flooded up to 710 days before
harvest.Continuous flooding helps ensure sufficient water and control
weeds.Lowland rice requires a lot of water.
On average, it takes 1,432 liters of water to produce 1 kg of rice in an
irrigated lowland production system. Total seasonal water input (rainfall plus
irrigation) to rice fields varies from as little as 400 mm in heavy clay soils with
shallow groundwater tables to more than 2000 mm in coarse-textured (sandy or
loamy) soils with deep groundwater tables.
Around 13001500 mm is a typical amount of water needed for irrigated rice
in Asia. Irrigated rice receives an estimated 3443% of the total worlds irrigation
water, or about 2430% of the entire worlds developed fresh water resources.
Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) can be started a few weeks (1-2) after
transplanting. Irrigate and then allow the water depth to drop to 15 cm below the
surface using a field water tube (pictured to the right) to monitor the water level
depth. Once the water level has dropped to 15 cm below the surface, re-flood the
field to a depth of 5 cm above the surface and repeat. From one week before to one
week after flowering, the field should remain flooded. After flowering, during grain
filling and ripening, the water level can drop to 15 cm below the surface before re-
flooding.When many weeds are present, AWD should be post-poned for 2-3 weeks
to assist suppression of weeds by ponded water and to improve the efficacy of
herbicide.
Lowland rice is extremely sensitive to water shortage (below saturation) at
the flowering stage. Drought at flowering results in yield loss from increased spikelet
sterility, thus fewer grains. It is necessary to keep the water level in the fields at 5
cm at all times from heading to the end of flowering.
II. Objectives:
General objective:

To visit and evaluate the rice field in USeP Tagum Campus.

Specific objective:

To identify the current stage growth of rice.

To measure the standing water in a sample area corresponding to the current
stage growth.

III. Methodology:
1. Site visit to the rice field of USEP
2. Identify the stage growth of rice.
3. Measure the standing water
4. Observe the water supply and rice bond structure
5. Give conclusion and recommendations

IV. Observation:
1. The level of standing water at average measurement is 2.5cm
Data:

3.0 cm
2.0 cm
2.5 cm

Total = 7.5 cm
Average total = 2.5 cm

Since, we identified that the growth stage of rice is at the flowering stage.
The required standing water should be 5 cm.

So.
5 cm 2.5 cm (average standing water) = 2.5 cm
So the additional level of standing water that is needed to supply
3
( 1m) m
(2.5 cm) (1000 m2 = 250
(100 cm) ha

2. The rice bond is not well established which causes the uneven distribution of
irrigated water.
 3. The source of water is in the same level with the rice field and its not
gravitational which causes on near part of the source or high level of standing
water in the rice field.
4. Presence of golden kuhol is observed.

V. Recommendation:
3
1. The I hectare rice field area should be irrigated by 250 m of water since
the standing water did not conform to the minimum requirement of standing
water of the rice field in flowering stage which is 5cm.
2. The proper establishment of rice bond is recommended to achieve even
distribution of water that will result to timely and even flowering of rice plant
3. The use of pump is recommended.
4. Application of rice hall and drainage of water.
VI. Documentation:

VII. References
Ricepedia. CGIAR. Retrieved from http://ricepedia.org/ on March 10, 2017
Rice Knowledge Bank. IRRI. Retrieved from http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-
by-step-production/growth/water-management on March 10, 2017