0673351-System Dynamics and Simulation Exercise 1

Names:
(Frequency calculation, linearization via Taylor series)

Question: 1 2 3 Total
Points: 55 25 20 100
Score:
1. The displacement of a certain object is described by y(t) = 23 sin 5t, where t is measured in seconds.
Compute the following:
(25pts.) (a) Period of oscillations (s):

Solution: For a periodic signal we can write: y(t) = y(t + T ), where T is the period of
oscillations.

23 sin 5t = 23 sin(5t + 5T )

We can select t = 0. Then we find: 5T = 2k, where k = 0, 1, 2, . . .. This means that we

must pick k = 1 since k = 0 is meaningless and k > 1 is the multiples of solution of T for
k = 1. Therefore, T = 2/5 = 1.257 s.

(15pts.) (b) Radial frequency of oscillations (rad/s):

Solution: Using the relation between period and radial frequency: T = 2/. Find: = 5
rad/s.

(15pts.) (c) Linear frequency of oscillations (Hz):

Solution: Using the relation between radial and linear frequencies: f = /2 = 1/T .
Find: f = 5/2 = 0.796 Hz.

2. For the nonlinear function f (h) = h.
(15pts.) (a) Obtain a linear approximation of the function valid near h = 16.

Solution: We useTaylor series expansion up to only linear order. Our operating point is
hr = 16. f (hr ) = 16 = 4.

df  1
f (h) f (hr ) + (h hr ) = 4 + (h 16)
dh h=hr
 8

(10pts.) (b) In order for f (h) 0, what is the value of h below which the linearized model loses its meaning?

Solution: For h < 16, f (h) < 0, which violates the requirement.

(20pts.) 3. Linearize the equation z = x2 y for x = 2 and y = 11.

Solution: Our operating point is (xr = 2, yr = 11, zr = 44). Expand function z = z(x, y) into
Taylor series.
z(x, y) z(xr , yr ) + K1 (x xr ) + K2 (y yr )
 
z  z 
K1 = = 44 and K 2 = =4
x x=xr ,y=yr y x=xr ,y=yr
z(x, y) 44 + 44(x 2) + 4(y 11)

Dr. C. S. T
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