Design

of Muers
 Muer
A/enua1on through:
Reec1on of sound waves: Reac1ve
Mi1gates sound with discrete tones,
especially low frequency region
Dissipa1on of Acous1c Energy: Resis1ve
Most suited for high frequency, broad band noise
Most muers are synthesis of the two types
 Muer Design

Consists of addressing three parts:

sound source (e.g., fan, internal combus1on engine,
compressor);
duct system (e.g., ven)la)on channel, exhaust gas
system, air pressure duct);
termina.on (e.g., exhaust gas outlet, nozzle).

The three parts cons)tutes a coupled problem

If the source and termina)on is reec)on free,
coupling is small
 If the coupling is small, the design can be based
exclusively on an analysis of the transmission
proper1es of the muer.
transmission isola)on (DTL)
A measure of the systems Transmission property
dened as the ra)o of the incident to the transmiDed
sound power
when the muer is connected to a reec1on-free
termina1on,
DTL =10 log10(Wi/Wt )
 Acous1c Impedance
Acoustic impedance, Zo, is the sound pressure divided by volume velocity, U,

where volume velocity is amount of air that flows through a specific area per
second due to the passage of sound wave.

For plane waves in a tube:

o air density
c speed of sound
S cross-sectional area of the tube
 Helmholtz Resonator
Helmholtz resonance is the phenomenon of air resonance in a cavity, such
as when one blows air across the top of an empty bo/le
Let S be surface area of opening
V= Enclosed volume

A brass, spherical
Helmholtz resonator
based on his original
design, circa 1890-1900.
Helmholtz Resonator

S1ness of Enclosed Volume

Mass of plug of uid in the aperture

Radia1on resistance from plug of air

Equa1on of mo1on of the plug of uid

 Helmholtz Resonator

Resonance occurs when U reaches maximum or when reactance becomes

zero

Mainly due to eec1ve mass loading eect during sound radia1on

 Reec1on of Waves in a Pipe
Pressure and volume veloci1es of
incident & reected waves

Acous1c impedance at x=0

 Change in Cross Sec1onal Area
oc oc

B
= S2 S1
A oc + oc
S2 S1

To es1mate how much of the incident energy is reected & how much is transmi/ed,
power reec1on and power transmission coecients are introduced

S1
4
S2
at = 2
!S $
1
# +1&
" S2 %
Transmission coecient depend on the ra1o of the areas
 Resonance in Pipes

Resonance means reac1ve part (imaginary

component of Zo) is zero
c
f = (2n 1)
4L

L=
4

That means when length of pipe is a quarter of wavelength,

Input impedance is zero; resonance in the pipe
For open ended Flanged pipe
 Eect of Side Branch
The side branch causes
reec1on of acous1c
incident wave

If Xb and Rb (related to branch) are zero, t =0 and no power is transmi/ed.

 Helmholtz Resonator as a side Branch
When used as side branch, the radiated energy is
returned to the mainpipe,

At resonant frequency of
resonator, at =0, which implies
 An Orice as a Side Branch
Impedance of Orice= Radia1on external to orice + Iner1a of gas
It is equal to impedance of Helmholtz Resonator with zero s1ness

S1ness related=0
Power Coecients with An Orice as a Side Branch
 Power Coecients Vs Frequency

Power Coecients with A Quarter-

Wave tube as a Side Branch
 Eect of an Expansion Chamber
The volume of chamber provides s1ness and the acous1c impedance,
Provided that the dimensions of chamber are small compared to
wavelength
Eect of an Expansion Chamber Contd.

Fundamental resonance of system is given by

Combina1on of expansion
chamber & tailpipe of nite
length acts as HR

Where l= Tailpipe eec1ve

L= length of expansion chamber
S1=area of tailpipe

f0 should be as low as possible Power Coecients For An Expansion

Chamber With A Finite Length Tailpipe
 Power Coecients Vs Frequency

A Quarter-Wave tube as An Orice as a Side Branch

a Side Branch

A Helmholtz Resonator as a
Side Branch Eect of Expansion Chamber