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The term lupus (latin, wolf) was first used during the middle ages to describe erosive skin
lession. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, chronic multi system autoimmune
conective tissue desease that is characterized by protean array of clinical manifestasions and
production of autoantibodies to a host edogenous nuclear antigens 1-3. Involvement of
kidney in SLE is known as lupus nephritis (LN). LN is the most common severe
manifestasion of SLE with increased risk of death and endstage renal disease (ERDS).
Istilah 'lupus' (latin, serigala) pertama kali digunakan selama abad pertengahan untuk
menggambarkan lesi kulit erosif. Sistemik lupus erythematosus (SLE) adalah, multi sistem
autoimun penyakit jaringan kompleks kronis conective yang ditandai dengan berbagai ragam
dari manifestasions klinis dan produksi autoantibodi ke host antigen nuklir edogenous 1-3.
Keterlibatan ginjal pada SLE dikenal sebagai lupus nephritis (LN). LN adalah manifestasion
parah yang paling umum dari SLE dengan peningkatan risiko kematian dan penyakit ginjal
endstage (ERD).
The incidene and prevalance of lupus and LN are influenced by age, gender, ethnicity, and
geographic region.4 The overall incidence ranges from 1.8 to 7.6 cases per 100,000 people.
The prevalance ranges from approximately 40 cases per 100,000 persons among northen
europam to more than 200 per 100,000 persons among black, the hightest prevalance is
reported in Brazil. SLE predominantly affect young women of reproductive age, peak
incidence is at 15 to 45 years. Female to male ratio is 10:1. This gender predominance is less
pronounced in children and older individuals. Nearly 35 to 50% patients of SLE have clinical
renal desease at presentation, it reaches to 60% during follow up. The prevalence of nephritits
is significantly higher in african americans, afro-caribbeans, asians and hispanics than in
white caucasians.
The incidene dan prevalance lupus dan LN dipengaruhi oleh usia, jenis kelamin, etnis, dan
region.4 geografis keseluruhan berkisar kejadian 1,8-7,6 kasus per 100.000 orang. prevalance
berkisar dari sekitar 40 kasus per 100.000 orang di antara europan Northern ke lebih dari 200
per 100.000 orang di antara hitam, yang prevalance tertinggi dimiliki dilaporkan di Brazil.
SLE terutama mempengaruhi perempuan muda usia reproduksi, puncak kejadian adalah pada
15 sampai 45 tahun. Perempuan untuk rasio laki-laki adalah 10: 1. Dominasi jenis kelamin ini
kurang jelas pada anak-anak, dan orang yang lebih tua. Hampir 35 sampai 50% pasien SLE
memiliki penyakit ginjal klinis di presentasi, mencapai 60% selama masa tindak lanjut.
Prevalensi nephritits secara signifikan lebih tinggi di amerika afrika, afro-Karibia, asians dan
Hispanik dari pada di Kaukasia putih.
Healthy get rid of the autoantigen sepesifc B cell and T cells through different mechanisms -
deletion, anergy or receptor editing.5 Autoimmune disease occurs when the adaptive immune
response is mounted against self antigen, which cannot be removed by effector mechanisms
ie loss self tolerance.13 Certain genetic, hormonal, and evironmental factor influence the
development, course and severity of lupus. The pathogenesis of SLE can be summarized as:
Sehat menyingkirkan sel B autoantigen sepesifc dan sel T melalui mekanisme yang berbeda -
penghapusan, anergi atau reseptor editing.5 Penyakit autoimun terjadi ketika respon imun
adaptif dipasang terhadap antigen diri, yang tidak dapat dihapus oleh mekanisme efektor
yaitu toleransi diri kerugian. 13 tertentu genetik, hormonal, dan faktor evironmental pengaruh
pengembangan, kursus dan tingkat keparahan lupus. Patogenesis SLE dapat diringkas
sebagai:
The autoantibodies variably present in SLE are - anti nuclear antibody (ANA), anti double
stranded DNA (antidsDNA), anti Smith, anti histone, anti-Ro, anti-La, anti Nmethyl-D-
aspartate receptor (NMDAR), anti red cell, anti cell, anti platelet, anti T cell, anti phospolipid,
anti Beta2-glycoprotein 1, anti RNP, anti-nucleosome, anti-alfa-actinin, anti C1q antibodies
etc. Observations suggest pathogenetic role for these autoantibodies in lupus
Autoantibodi bervariasi hadir dalam SLE adalah - anti antibodi nuklir (ANA), anti double
stranded DNA (antidsDNA), anti Smith, anti histone, anti-Ro, anti-La, anti Nmethyl-D-
aspartat reseptor (NMDAR), anti red sel, anti sel, anti platelet, sel anti T, anti phospolipid,
anti Beta2-glikoprotein 1, anti RNP, anti-nukleosom, anti-alfa-actinin, antibodi anti C1q dll
Pengamatan menunjukkan peran patogenetik untuk autoantibodi ini di lupus