Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
COM
2
Vth Vth2 RL
PL = i RL =
2
RL = [ R + R ] 2
Rth + RL th L
Since, for a given circuit, Vth and Rth are fixed, the load power is a function of the load
resistance RL. By differentiating PL with respect to RL and set the result equal to zero, we
have the following maximum power transfer theorem: maximum power occurs when RL is
equal to Rth.
4. When maximum power transfer condition is met, i.e. RL=Rth, the maximum power transferred
is:
Vth2 RL Vth2 Rth Vth2
PL = = =
[ Rth + RL ]2 [ Rth + Rth ]2 4 Rth
5. Thus, we are pretty much sure that, when we are told to use an 8 speaker (if you look at the
back of the speaker cone, you can find the resistance value marking) not 16 one, the internal
amplifier resistor is close to 8. As shown below, with maximum amplifier voltage 40V, the
output power is maximized when the speaker (i.e., load) resistance is same as the internal
amplifier resistance.
1
6. An example problem:
Find the load resistance RL that enables the circuit (left of the terminals a and b) to deliver
maximum power to the load. Find also the maximum power delivered to the load.
Solution:
We have to find the Thevenin equivalent circuit to apply the maximum power transfer
theorem.
(a) Vth derivation of the circuit: open-circuit voltage
(b) Rth derivation (by Test Voltage Method): After deactivation & test voltage application,
we have:
2
Constraints: V3=VT and V2=Vx
V V V V
@ node 2: 2 + 2 + 2 T = 0 -----> 3V2 VT = 0 (1)
4 4 4
V V 2 VT V2
@ node 3 (KCL): T + I T = 0 ----> VT V2 = 2 I T (2)
4 4
VT
From (1) and (2): = 3 = Rth
IT
3
7. Another example
Determine the maximum power that can be delivered to the variable resistor R.
SOLUTION:
2
30
Pmax = (10.83) = 20.77 [W]
2 10.83
4
8. Another example:
Find the value of load R in the network that will achieve maximum power transfer and determine
the values of the maximum power.
SOLUTION:
a. Lets find the Thevenin circuit with respect to the terminals where the load is attached.
For Vth:
V1 12 V1 2Vx V 12 V1 2[12 V1 ] 60
@ 1: + = 0 ----> 1 + = 0 ---> V1 = Vth = [V]
2000 1000 2000 1000 7
For Rth:
Now Vx=12.
0 12 0 2(12) 60
@ 1: + isc + = 0 ------> isc =
2000 1000 2000
5
60
Vth 7 = 2000
Therefore: Rth = =
isc 60 7
2000
Applying a test voltage after deactivation of the independent voltage source, we have:
6
9. One last example (a problem in EXAM#2 of Spring 2002)
Q: Determine the value of the resistor so that the maximum power can be delivered to it?
SOLUTION: