Ecs448 Chapter 5a Arch

ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF ARCH
ECS 448
CHAPTER 5.0 ANALYSIS OF ARCH
Prepared by
OH CHAI LIAN
(T1-A13-2A)
Faculty of Civil Engineering
Uitm Shah Alam
Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

LEARNING OUTCOME (Week 7):
By completing this chapter, students shall be able to:
1.0 Determine rise, y at each point of Arch.
2.0 Determine the support reactions of statically

determinate three-hinged arch.
3.0 Find out internal forces such as radial shear force,

bending moment and normal thrust values in
statically determinate three-hinged arch.
4.0 Draw the bending moment diagram of a statically
determinate three-hinged arch.

Introduction to Arch
Arches used a curved structure which provide high resistance
to bending forces.
Arch is an inverted of cable and useful in reducing bending
moments in long span structure.
Arches work basically as structure under compression.
Arches carry the dominant permanent load case (usually full
dead load) in pure axial compression. This arch shape called
funicular arch because absence of bending and shear force.
In general, arches carry additional loads (such as live load) in
bending.
Widely used in bridge and building.

Definition of Arch
The following terms are used to refer to components of arches:

Springing lines: The points at which the arch touches its foundation (the use
of "line" here is misleading, but we will use it because it is the common term)
Rise: The vertical distance from the midpoint of the chord joining the
springing lines to the axis of the arch
Span: The length of the horizontal projection of the chord joining the springing
lines
Crown: The point on the arch at midspan.

Type of Arch
Arch Type Condition/ Example Advantages Disadvantages
Three Hinged Arch Statically determinate Settlement/ Not rigid as fixed
temperature changes arch. More
& fabrication error not deflection and difficult
governed. Easy to fabricate the
analysis & construct. hinge.
Two Hinged Arch Indeterminate 1o Settlement not Not rigid as fixed
governed. Become arch. More deflection
statically determinate compare to fixed
if remove one support arch.
reaction.
Fixed Arch Indeterminate 3o Very stiff structure and Great force generated
suffers less deflection. at foundation. Settle
more. Can only be
built at stable ground.
Tie Arch Statically Determinate Tie rod helps restrain Need clearance for
the horizontal force. construction of tie
Unaffected by support rod.
settlement. More rigid
than 2&3 hinged arch.
Arch Vs Beam
When dealing with vertical load:
BEAM ARCH
No Horizontal Force. Horizontal Force Exist.
MA
MB
V
y
Ay x
MB = R.x MA = R.x H.y

Three-Hinged Arch At Hinge;
At any point of arch;

Procedure of Analysis:
1. Find support reactions.

2. Find the rise, y and angle .
y
3. Find the Vx, Nx & M at any point.
4. Draw moment diagram, find the
maximum M.
Determine rise, y at every point of arch

Two Main Shape:
(a) Parabolic Arch (b) Circular Arch

Derivation of Parabolic Arch Equation

Derivation of Circular Arch Equation

Derivation of Circular Arch Equation (Cont)

Normally only x or angles
that given in the problem:
If x is given:

Derivation of Circular Arch Equation (Cont)

Circular Arch Problem 1:

Calculate all the reaction forces as well as the bending moment,
normal thrust, and radical shear at the point x in semicircular arch:

Step 1: Find Support Reaction:

* When support on the same level, always
take summation Moment at A or B.
Find rise for affected point:
* When deal with 2 pinned support, always

cut section at hinge, C and take Mc = 0

* Choose (b), simpler analysis.

Step 2: Solve the circular arch geometry:

* Since this is semicircular, center of circle is same level as support.

Step 3: Illustrate the problem by cutting at x
Step 4: Resolve all internal forces by using Equilibrium Equation.

Discussion: What if the

applied load is in inclined
or distributed?

Parabolic Arch Problem 2:

Calculate all the reaction forces as well as the bending moment,
normal thrust, and radical shear at the point D in parabolic arch:


Looking at Overall structure; take MA=0
Looking at Section CB; take Mc=0


SOLVE THE
REST OF
PROBLEM 2
Answer:

PHOTO SESSION

PHOTO SESSION-1 THREE HINGED

ARCH: IRON BRIDGE
The Iron Bridge (1791) Example of Three Hinged Arch Bridge

Links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Iron_Bridge
PHOTO SESSION-2 TWO HINGED

ARCH: MARIA PIA BRIDGE
The Maria Pia bridge (Ponte Maria Pia) is a railway bridge built in 1877 by Gustave Eiffel in Porto, Portugal. Built
of wrought iron, its two-hinged crescent arch carries the railway line to Lisbon for 353m across the River Douro at
a height of 60m.
Links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Pia_Bridge
PHOTO SESSION-3 FIXED ARCH:

HENRY HUDSON BRIDGE
Henry Hudson Bridge over Harlem River (1936)

Links: flickr.com/photos/jag9889/1315524436/

PHOTO SESSION-4 TIED ARCH:

FORT PITT BRIDGE
The Fort Pitt Bridge (1959) is a steel, double decker bowstring arch bridge that spans the Monongahela River near
its confluence with the Allegheny River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It carries Interstate 279 between the Fort Pitt
Tunnel and Point State Park.
It is used by 150,000 vehicles per day. Links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pitt_Bridge

Ecs448 Chapter 5a Arch

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ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF ARCH

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

LEARNING OUTCOME (Week 7):

By completing this chapter, students shall be able to:

1.0 Determine rise, y at each point of Arch.

2.0 Determine the support reactions of statically

3.0 Find out internal forces such as radial shear force,

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

The following terms are used to refer to components of arches:

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

MB = R.x MA = R.x H.y

Three-Hinged Arch At Hinge;

At any point of arch;

Determine rise, y at every point of arch

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Derivation of Parabolic Arch Equation

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Derivation of Circular Arch Equation

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Derivation of Circular Arch Equation (Cont)

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Derivation of Circular Arch Equation (Cont)

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Circular Arch Problem 1:

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Step 1: Find Support Reaction:

Find rise for affected point:

* When deal with 2 pinned support, always

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

* Choose (b), simpler analysis.

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Step 2: Solve the circular arch geometry:

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Step 3: Illustrate the problem by cutting at x

Step 4: Resolve all internal forces by using Equilibrium Equation.

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Discussion: What if the

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Parabolic Arch Problem 2:

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Looking at Overall structure; take MA=0

Looking at Section CB; take Mc=0

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

PHOTO SESSION-1 THREE HINGED

The Iron Bridge (1791) Example of Three Hinged Arch Bridge

PHOTO SESSION-2 TWO HINGED

PHOTO SESSION-3 FIXED ARCH:

Henry Hudson Bridge over Harlem River (1936)

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

PHOTO SESSION-4 TIED ARCH:

Copyright by Oh Chai Lian

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