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Erik Kessels (1966) is a Dutch artist, designer and curator with a particular interest in photography, and creative director of KesselsKramer, an advertising agency in Amsterdam.[1][2] Kessels and Johan Kramer established the "legendary and unorthodox"[1] KesselsKramer in 1995, and KesselsKramer Publishing, their Amsterdam-based publishing house, both of which they continue to run.[3]
Erik Kessels (1966) is a Dutch artist, designer and curator with a particular interest in photography, and creative director of KesselsKramer, an advertising agency in Amsterdam.[1][2] Kessels and Johan Kramer established the "legendary and unorthodox"[1] KesselsKramer in 1995, and KesselsKramer Publishing, their Amsterdam-based publishing house, both of which they continue to run.[3]
Erik Kessels (1966) is a Dutch artist, designer and curator with a particular interest in photography, and creative director of KesselsKramer, an advertising agency in Amsterdam.[1][2] Kessels and Johan Kramer established the "legendary and unorthodox"[1] KesselsKramer in 1995, and KesselsKramer Publishing, their Amsterdam-based publishing house, both of which they continue to run.[3]
Erik Kessels (1966) is a Dutch artist, designer and curator with a particular in terest in photography, and creative director of KesselsKramer, an advertising ag ency in Amsterdam.[1][2] Kessels and Johan Kramer established the "legendary and unorthodox"[1] KesselsKramer in 1995, and KesselsKramer Publishing, their Amste rdam-based publishing house, both of which they continue to run.[3] He is "best known as a book publisher specialising in absurdist found photograph y",[4] extensively publishing his and others' found and vernacular photography.[ 5] Notable works include the long-running series Useful Photography, which he ed its with others, and his own In Almost Every Picture.[3][6][7][8][9] Sean O'Haga n, writing in The Guardian, said "His magazine, Useful Photography, forgoes art and documentary for images that are purely functional. ... Humour is the unifyin g undercurrent here as it is in KesselsKramer's series of photo books, In Almost Every Picture".[3] Kessels in 2016 Contents [hide] 1 Life and work 2 KesselsKramer and KesselsKramer Publishing 3 Publications 3.1 Publications and zines by Kessels and with others 3.1.1 Useful Photography 3.1.2 In Almost Every Picture 3.2 Publications with contributions by Kessels 4 Film by Kessels 5 Exhibitions (selected) 6 Collections 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Life and work[edit] Kessels was born in Roermond, Netherlands.[10] He collects photographs he finds in flea markets, fairs, junk shops, and online, and appropriates and re-contextualises them.[3] He extensively publishes, throu gh KesselsKramer Publishing, his and others' found and vernacular photography.[5 ] Notable works include the long-running series Useful Photography, which he edi ts with others, and his own In Almost Every Picture.[6][7][8] Sean O'Hagan, writ ing in The Guardian, said "Kessels made his name as a champion of found photogra phy, seeking out discarded family albums in order to show us anew their mundane beauty and oddness. He is best known for his magazine Useful Photography, which celebrates images of the purely functional, and his series of books In Almost Ev ery Picture, which home in on motifs that appear accidentally in amateur photo a lbums such as wayward fingers. ... More recently, Kessels has become more and mor e interested in the stories of the photographs rather than the images themselves. "[9] His most successful publication is In Almost Every Picture 7.[3] Parr and B adger include In Almost Every Picture 4 (2006) in the third volume of their phot obook history.[11] In it they say "Erik Kessels is one of the guiding lights beh ind the magazine Useful Photography, edited by a group of (mainly) Dutch photogr aphers in a witty yet serious manner. In his ongoing series In Almost Every Pict ure, he continues his exploration of the found snapshot as a solo author. The id ea in this series is to gather together a group of snapshots devoted to a theme and treat them as if the photographers were vernacular "conceptual" artists whic h in a sense they are." In 2015 Kessels was shortlisted for the Deutsche Brse Photography Prize, for Unfi nished Father, along with Trevor Paglen, Laura El-Tantawy, and Tobias Zielony.[4 ][12][13][14] KesselsKramer and KesselsKramer Publishing[edit] KesselsKramer is an independent, advertising agency established by Kessels and J ohan Kramer in 1995. It is based in Amsterdam with offices in London and Los Ang eles, and a staff of about fifty.[15][16] Its London premises in Hoxton Square i s known as KK Outlet the advertising agency office, a gallery, and bookshop."[15 ] KesselsKramer has been called "legendary and unorthodox".[1] Its notable adverti sing campaigns have been "The Worst Hotel In The World" for Hans Brinker Budget Hotel in Amsterdam,[3][17][18] and "I Amsterdam" for the city of Amsterdam.[5] KesselsKramer Publishing is an Amsterdam-based publishing house.[3] It produces books on photography, art, and some fiction. KesselsKramer only publishes works created in house by its own staff.[16] Publications[edit] Publications and zines by Kessels and with others[edit] Missing links. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 1998. ISBN 978-90-803927-2-4. Photograp hs by Kessels. Edited by Julian Germain. The Instant Men. Amsterdam: Do Publishing Co; Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 1999. IS BN 978-90-803927-5-5. Photographs by Kessels. Hot or Not. Amsterdam: Gerrit Rietveld Academie, 2002. ISBN 978-9070478025. World Press Photo Joop Swart Masterclass: the first decade. Amsterdam: Stichting World Press Photo, 2004. Concept, edit and design by Kessels. ISBN 978908036982 5. Loving your pictures. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2006. ISBN 978-90-290-7796-5. Co llected and edited by Kessels. Texts by Kessels and Pauline Terreehorst. Models: A Collection of 132 German Police Uniforms and How They Should Be Worn. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2006. ISBN 978-90-70478-04-9. Collected and edited by Kessels. Wonder. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2006. ISBN 978-90-70478-08-7. Found photograph s by Kessels, Sabine Verschueren, Hans Wolf, and Andre Thijssen. Bangkok Beauties. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2007. Collected, edited and designed by Kessels. Edition of 250 copies. Boxed version with 12 handkerchiefs and photo print. Edition of 25 copies. Strangers in my Photoalbum. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2007. Collected and edited by Kessels. Edition of 250 copies. Amateurism. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2008. ISBN 978-90-70478-17-9. Collaboratio n with the Academy of Architecture, Amsterdam. Text by Kessels. Couples. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2008. ISBN 978-90-70478-19-3. Collected and e dited by Kessels. Photo Cubes. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2008. ISBN 978-90-70478-20-9. Collected a nd edited by Kessels. On Show. Howard Smith, 2008. Collaboration with Browns Design and Howard Smith P aper. Collected and edited by Kessels. Tree Paintings. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2009. ISBN 978-90-70478-26-1. Photogra phs by Kessels. Edition of 500 copies. Bombay beauties. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2009. ISBN 978-90-70478-27-8. Collect ed, edited and designed by Kessels. Use Me Abuse Me. ISBN 978-90-70478-28-5. Exhibition catalogue, New York Photo Fe stival 2010, curated by Kessels. Very Funny: Rosebud Magazine No. 7. Verlag fr moderne Kunst Nrnberg, 2010. ISBN 97 8-3941185746. Edited by Kessels and Ralf Herms. With contributions from Paul Gra ves and Jason Polan. Brussels Beauties. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2010. ISBN 978-90-70478-33-9. Good luck. Amsterdam: Stichting Collectieve Propaganda van het Nederlandse Boek, 2011. ISBN 9789059651289. By Kessels and Christine Otten. Dancing with Numbers. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2012. Collected, edited and desi gned by Kessels. Terribly Awesome Photobooks. Amsterdam: Art Paper Editions, 2012. By Kessels and Paul Kooiker. ISBN 9789490800093. Berlin Beauties. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2013. Collected, edited and designed by Kessels. Edition of 250 copies. Me TV. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2013. Collected and edited by Thomas Sauvin and Kessels. Edition of 300 copies. Incredibly Small Photobooks. APE 31. Ghent: Art Paper Editions, 2013. By Kessels and Paul Kooiker. ISBN 9789490800154. Tables to Meet. Amsterdam: Idea, 2014. By Kessels, Erik Steinbrecher and Erik va n der Weijde. ISBN 978-94-91047-05-3. Mother Nature: Photo's of Females Flourishing. Paris: RVB, 2014. ISBN 9791090306 264. With an essay by Francesca Seravalle and with a contribution by Angela Lidd erdale. Album Beauty. Paris: RVB, 2015. ISBN 979-1090306097. Unfinished Father. Paris: RVB, 2015. ISBN 979-10-90306-38-7. 31 photographs and 4 photographic stickers. Edition of 500 copies. Image Tsunami. Rm, 2016. ISBN 9788416282531 . Failed it!: How to turn mistakes into ideas and other advice for successfully sc rewing up. London: Phaidon Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0714871196. Fast Perfekt: Die Kunst, hemmungslos zu scheitern. Wie aus Fehlern Ideen entsteh en. Kln: DuMont Buchverlag, 2016. ISBN 9783832199135. In German. Cahirs Collection. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, ?. 10 signed books in box. Edition of 50 copies. Includes American Zoo, Anonymous, Bad Food Gone Worse, Bangkok Bea uties, Bombay Beauties, Brussels Beauties, Couples, Photo Cubes, Strangers in my Photo Album, and Tree Paintings. Useful Photography[edit] Useful Photography 1. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and edited by Hans Aar sman, Claudie de Cleen, Julian Germain, Kessels, and Hans van der Meer. ISBN 978 -90-72007-70-4. Useful Photography 2. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and edited by Aarsman, de Cleen, Germain, Kessels, and van der Meer. ISBN 978-90-75380-46-0. Useful Photography 3. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and edited by Aarsman, de Cleen, Germain, Kessels, and van der Meer. ISBN 978-90-75380-62-0. Useful Photography 4. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Photographs by Ad van Denderen. Edited by Hans Aarsman, Claudie de Cleen, Julian Germain, Kessels, and van der M eer. ISBN 978-90-75380-96-5. Useful Photography 5. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and edited by Aarsman, de Cleen, Germain, Kessels, and van der Meer. ISBN 978-90-70478-06-3. Useful Photography 6. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and edited by Aarsman, de Cleen, Germain, Kessels, and van der Meer. ISBN 978-90-70478-12-4. Useful Photography 7. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and edited by Aarsman, de Cleen, Germain, Kessels, and van der Meer. ISBN 978-90-70478-16-2. Useful Photography 8. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and edited by Aarsman, de Cleen, Germain, Kessels, van der Meer, and Adriaan van der Ploeg. ISBN 978-9 0-70478-22-3. Useful Photography 9. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and edited by Aarsman, de Cleen, Germain, Kessels, and van der Meer. ISBN 978-90-70478-25-4. Useful Photography 10. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and edited by Aarsman , de Cleen, Germain, Kessels, and van der Meer. ISBN 978-90-70478-34-6. Useful Photography 11. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and edited by Aarsman , de Cleen, Germain, Kessels, van der Meer, and Frank Schallmaier. ISBN 978-90-7 0478-38-4. Useful Photography 12. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and edited by Aarsman , Germain, Kessels, and van der Meer. ISBN 978-90-70478-40-7. Useful Photography 13. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and Edited by Aarsman , Germain, Kessels, and Schallmeier. ISBN 978-90-70478-43-8. Useful Photography 13. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Boxed edition with remote contr ol, batteries and ruler. ISBN 978-90-70478-43-8. Edition of 25 copies. Useful Photography War Special. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and edited b y Aarsman, de Cleen, Germain, Kessels, and van der Meer. ISBN 978-90-75380-84-2. Useful Photography: #001-005. Collected and edited by Aarsman, de Cleen, Germain , Kessels, and van der Meer. Issues 1 5 in a slipcase. Edition of 100 copies. In Almost Every Picture[edit] In Almost Every Picture 1. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2002. Collected and edited by Kessels. ISBN 978-90-75380-41-5. Text by Tyler Whisnand. In Almost Every Picture 2. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2003. Collected and edited by Kessels and Andrea Stultiens. ISBN 978-90-75380-73-6. Text by Whisnand. In Almost Every Picture 3. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2005. Collected and edited by Kessels. ISBN 978-90-8546-018-3. Text by Whisnand. In Almost Every Picture 4. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2006. Collected and edited by Kessels. ISBN 978-90-70478-07-0. Text by Whisnand. In Almost Every Picture 5. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer. Collected and edited by Kes sels and Marion Blomeyer. ISBN 978-90-70478-13-1. Text by Whisnand. In Almost Every Picture 6. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2007. Collected and edited by Kessels. ISBN 978-90-70478-15-5. Text by Christian Bunyan. In Almost Every Picture 1 5. Collected and edited by Kessels, 2008. Five books in a slipcase. In Almost Every Picture 5 comes with a DVD containing a film of Jose fina Aparicio Iglesias, the woman who is the subject of the book.[19] In Almost Every Picture 7. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2008. Collected and edited by Kessels and Joep Eijkens. ISBN 978-90-70478-23-0. Photographs by Ria van Dijk . Text by Joep Eijkens. In Almost Every Picture 8. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2009. Collected and edited by Kessels. Photographs by Hironori Akutagawa. ISBN 978-90-70478-28-5. Text by C hristian Bunyan. In Almost Every Picture 9. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2010. Collected and edited by Kessels. Text by Christian Bunyan. ISBN 978-90-70478-31-5. In Almost Every Picture 10. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2011. Collected by Michel Campeau. Edited and designed by Kessels. Photographs by Jean-Paul Cuerrier. ISBN 978-90-70478-35-3. In Almost Every Picture 6 10. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2011. Collected and edited by Kessels. Five books in a slipcase. In Almost Every Picture 6 includes a DVD containing a music piece composed by Scanner, and images from the book. Edition of 100 copies.[20] In Almost Every Picture 11. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2012. Edited and designed by Kessels. Photographs by Fred Clark. ISBN 978-90-70478-36-0. In Almost Every Picture 12. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2013. Edited and designed by Kessels. ISBN 978-90-70478-37-7. In Almost Every Picture 13. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2014. Edited and designed by Kessels. ISBN 978-90-70478-39-1 In Almost Every Picture 14. Amsterdam: KesselsKramer, 2015. Discovered by Toon M ichiels. Edited and designed by Kessels. ISBN 978-90-70478-41-4. Publications with contributions by Kessels[edit] Daido Moriyama - Journey For Something. Reflex Amsterdam, 2012. ISBN 978-9071848 148. Photographs by Daido Moriyama. With essays in english by Kessels and Matthi as Harder. (Mis) Understanding Photography: Werks und Manifeste. = Works and Manifestos. Es sen, Germany: Museum Folkwang; Gttingen: Steidl, 2014. ISBN 978-3869307640. Photo graphs by various photographers, short texts, and introductions to each photogra pher written by themselves, in German. Includes examples of Kessels' Mother Natu re: Photo's of Females Flourishing (2014). Catalogue of an exhibition held at Mu seum Folkwang. Film by Kessels[edit] Loud & Clear: Ryuichi Sakamoto, Marlene Dumas, Erik Kessels/KesselsKramer. Loud & Clear 3. Amsterdam: Bifrons Foundation, 2002. OCLC 611276622. DVD. Includes My Daughter by Marlene Dumas, with music by Ryuichi Sakamoto (3:20) and My Sister by Kessels, with music by Sakamoto. Made for Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art, Gateshead, England.[21] Exhibitions (selected)[edit] My Sister short film shown alongside Marlene Dumas' My Daughter, Baltic Centre f or Contemporary Art, Gateshead, England.[9] Photography In Abundance, What's Next, Foam Fotografiemuseum Amsterdam, Amsterda m, 2011[22][23][24] Five Strange Family Albums: Alessandra Sanguinetti/ Emmet Gowin/ Erik Kessels/ R alph Eugene Meatyard/ Sadie Benning, Le Bal, Paris, January April 2011. Included M y Sister by Kessels, The Clearest Pictures were at First Strange (1965-1973) by Emmet Gowin, The Family Album of Lucybelle Crater (1970-1972) by Ralph Eugene Me atyard, Flat is Beautiful (1998) by Sadie Benning, and The Adventures of Guille and Belinda and the Enigmatic Meaning of their Dreams (1999-2010) by Alessandra Sanguinetti.[25][26] Album Beauty, Foam Fotografiemuseum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 2012.[1] Single images from family albums, through which he tries to show how people behave in albums. Sky Arts Ignition: Memory Palace, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, June October 2013. Included a piece of sculpture by Kessels, as well as work by [Peter Bil ak, Hansje van Halem, Na Kim, Frank Laws, Henning Wagenbreth, and others.[27][28][2 9][30][31] (Mis) Understanding Photography: Werks und Manifeste, Museum Folkwang, Essen, Ge rmany, June August 2014. Photographs by various photographers including examples o f Kessels' Mother Nature: Photo's of Females Flourishing.[32] Unfinished Father, Fotografia Europea international festival, Reggio Emilia, Ita ly, May 2015[33] Deutsche Brse Photography Foundation Prize 2016, included Kessels' Unfinished Fat her, The Photographers' Gallery, London, April July 2016. Deutsche Brse Photography Prize shortlist with Kessels, Laura El-Tantawy, Trevor Paglen and Tobias Zielon y.[9][34] Collections[edit] Kessels' work is held in the following public collection: Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, holds In Almost Every Picture 7[3][35] See also[edit] The Other Final a documentary film about a KesselsKramer project References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Clark, Tim (4 September 2013). "The Vanishing Art of the F amily Photo Album". Time. Retrieved 28 April 2016. Jump up ^ "Erik Kessels in Conversation with David Morgan". The Photographers' G allery. Retrieved 24 May 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h O'Hagan, Sean (30 March 2014). "The world's weirde st photo albums". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 27 April 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b O'Hagan, Sean (5 November 2015). "Deutsche Brse photography pri ze shortlist: drones v the women of Tahrir". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 27 April 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b c Robin Jones, Charlie. "In Almost Every Picture". Dazed. Retr ieved 28 April 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b Frank, Priscilla (16 September 2014). "Photo Series Honors The Age Old Photographic Tradition Of Giant Fingers Getting In The Way". The Huffin gton Post. Retrieved 28 April 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b "Erik Kessels Found Photography Book Chronicles Adventures Of Wedding Photographer Larbi Laaraichi (Photos)". The Huffington Post. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b Sekoff, Hallie (22 October 2012). "Erik Kessels' 'In Almost Ev ery Picture' Series Features Fred Clark's Underwater Wife Photos". The Huffingto n Post. Retrieved 28 April 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b c d O'Hagan, Sean (15 April 2016). "Erik Kessels: 'All the gre at photographs have already been taken'". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 27 Apr il 2016. Jump up ^ Erik Kessels at the RKD Jump up ^ Parr, Martin; Badger, Gerry (2014). The Photobook: A History, Volume I II. London: Phaidon. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-7148-6677-2. Jump up ^ https://www.deutscheboersephotographyfoundation.org/en/support/photogr aphy-prize/2016.php Jump up ^ https://www.creativereview.co.uk/cr-blog/2015/november/deutsche-borse- photography-prize-2016-shortlist-announced/ Jump up ^ Ryan, Beth (5 November 2015). "Deutsche Brse Photography Prize 2016 sho rtlist announced". London: The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 27 April 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b http://www.kesselskramer.com/about ^ Jump up to: a b http://www.kesselskramer.com/contact Jump up ^ https://www.buzzfeed.com/copyranter/the-greta-ads-of-the-worst-hotel-i n-the-world Jump up ^ https://www.creativereview.co.uk/cr-blog/2009/march/the-worst-book-in- the-world/ Jump up ^ http://www.kesselskramerpublishing.com/catalogue/in-almost-every-pictu re-edition-1-5/ Jump up ^ http://www.kesselskramerpublishing.com/catalogue/in-almost-every-pictu re-edition-6-10/ Jump up ^ http://balticplus.uk/loud-clear-ryuichi-sakamoto-marlene-dumas-erik-ke sselskesselskramer-c4422/ Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-15756616 Jump up ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2061763/Artist-Erik-Kes sels-places-1m-Flickr-images-single-room-Foam-gallery-Amsterdam.html Jump up ^ Kelly, Tara (14 November 2011). "Erik Kessels, Photographer, Prints Ou t 24 Hours Worth Of Flickr Photos (Photos)". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 28 A pril 2016. Jump up ^ "Five Strange Family Albums: Alessandra Sanguinetti/ Emmet Gowin/ Erik Kessels/ Ralph Eugene Meatyard/ Sadie Benning". Le Bal. Retrieved 27 April 2016 . Jump up ^ http://www.vogue.it/en/people-are-talking-about/vogue-arts/2011/01/le- bal Jump up ^ http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/exhibitions/exhibition-sky-arts-ignition- memory-palace/ Jump up ^ Wainwright, Oliver (18 June 2013). "Hari Kunzru's Memory Palace create s a 'walk-in' graphic novel at the V&A". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 28 Apri l 2016. Jump up ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-reviews/10125982/Memory-Pal ace-Victoria-and-Albert-Museum-review.html Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01bmprj/p01bmp2d Jump up ^ "'Memory Palace' Exhibition Renders Dystopian World With Trash Towers, Walk-In Book (Photos)". The Huffington Post. 20 June 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2 016. Jump up ^ "(Mis)Understanding Photography: Works and Manifestos: June 14 August 17, 2014". Museum Folkwang. Retrieved 29 April 2016. Jump up ^ "Erik Kessels, Unfinished Father". Reggio Emilia. Retrieved 27 April 2 016. Jump up ^ "Deutsche Brse Photography Foundation Prize 2016". The Photographers' G allery. Retrieved 24 May 2016. Jump up ^ "Collectie: Erik Kessels". Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam. Retrieved 27 Ap ril 2016. External links[edit] KesselsKramer KesselsKramer Publishing 'Erik Kessels: Artist: DBPP nominee 2016' interview by Diane Smyth Authority control WorldCat Identities VIAF: 15092408 SUDOC: 086916637 BNF: cb15596224k (data) RKD: 131770 Categories: 1966 birthsLiving peopleDutch photographersDutch publishers (people) People from Roermond Navigation menu Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView histor ySearch Search Wikipedia Go Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages Nederlands Edit links This page was last modified on 17 February 2017, at 00:43. 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