Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Nekton
Abletoswimagainstcurrents
andwaterflow
NektonandourFisheries
Migrate,school....
Euphausiids (krill)
PhylumArthropoda Tagalogterm?
ClassCrustacea (e.g.,krill,shrimps,crabs,lobsters)
PhylumMollusca Shrimplikecrustaceans(w/dorsalexoskeleton)
ClassCephalopoda (e.g.,squid,octopus,Nautilus) 110cmlengthofjuvenilesandadults
PhylumChordata Canswim1BL/sec~110cm/sec>schooling
SubphylumCraniata/Vertebrata
ClassReptilia (seasnakes,seaturtles) Somespeciesstrictlycarnivorous,others
ClassMammalia(cetaceans,sirenians,pinnipeds,fissipeds) herbivorous
ClassAves(seabirds)
ClassMyxini (hagfish) Separatesexes
ClassChodrichthyes (cartilaginousfish;e.g.,sharks,rays)
ClassOsteichthyes (bonyfish)
Manyarestrongdiel migrators
Squid
2types:
Muscularsquids associatedwithcontinentalshelf(2families)
Oceanic neutrallybuoyantsquids(manyfamilies)
e.g.,Euphausia superba
Antarctickrill
Cephalopodscompriseamajorcomponentofbiomass
globally
Exclusivelypredatory
Occupysizerangebetweenmidwater fish(<10cm)and
largepelagicspecies(>1m)
Meansofreproduction(earlyand/orsemelparous
breeding),shortlifespanandlittleoverlapofgenerations
>>vulnerabilitytopredationandenvironment>>high
variabilityinpopulation
17Nov2016
SeaTurtles(PhylumChordata,ClassReptilia)
PhilippineSpecies(5outof7)
CommonName ScientificName CITESStatus
Loggerhead Carreta caretta Endangered
Matureafterca.10 40years
Nestashore
Incubateeggsonsandy
beaches
Bycatch,vulnerabletofishing
gear(trawls,longlines)
Feedonmacroalgae,
gelatinousplankton(e.g.,
jellyfish,salps),crabs,squid,
fishandsoon
Fish
C.Myxini (hagfish) demersal,deep
water,producelargeamountsof
slime;scavengers
C.Chondrichthyes (cartilaginousfish)
Sharks,skatesandrays
Predators,butsomeplanktonfeeders
Manywithlargeagetofirst
reproductionandlowfecundity
Significantbycatch (nets,trawls)
Particularlysusceptibletooverfishing)
17Nov2016
Fish(C.Osteichthyes bonyfishes)
Small,pelagicfish
Sardine,anchovy,mackerel oftencoastal
Myctophids,gonostomatids andothers
Oftenoceanic,slopeand/ordeepdwelling
Oftenverticallymigrate
Flyingfish,needlefishes nearsurface
Large,pelagicfish
Tunas,swordfish,billfishes
SmallPelagicFish
Sardine,anchovy,mackerel,etc.
Rangefromomnivorous(e.g.,anchovy,sardine)topredatory(e.g.,
mackerel)
Ageoffirstreproduction~1 2y;lifespanca3 10yrs
Quitelargefluctuationsinpopulationsizeonthescaleofyearstodecades
Dominantfishinupwellingregions,esp anchovyandsardine,butalsowith
populationsinoceanicregions(e.g.,mackerel)
17Nov2016
SmallPelagicFish SmallPelagicFish
Myctophids andgonostomatids etc.
Primarilyoceanic;strongdiel verticalmigrators Exocoetidae flyingandneedlefish
PredatoryandMajorpreyofdifferentoceanicandshelf Finsadaptedforwingsand
predators paddleforwatersurface
predators
Ageoffirstreproduction~1ormoreyears;lifespanca.3to>
10y
Photophores
e.g.,lanternfish accountsforlargebiomassindeepwaters
LargePelagicFish
Monster Fish.flv
17Nov2016
MarineMammals
Fish...Fisheries
1. whales and dolphins (cetaceans)
Fishes(andotherseafood)are
2. manatees and dugongs (sirenians) more ourlastwildfood
3. Seals, sea lions, walruses (pinnipeds) aquatic
Assessingthedynamicsoffish
4. Polar bears and sea otters (fissipeds)
populationsisdifficult:
Naturalpopulationcontrols
(physical,biological)+harvesting
(functionofnumberofpeople,their
effort,theirgear...)
17Nov2016
UnderstandingtheFish
Regulationofgrowth,recruitmentandmortality
Behaviour breedingpopulations,migrations
Inlightofvariabilityinthebiologicalandphysical
factors
ManagingFisheriesandEcosystems:
movingawayfromsinglespecies