SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT

ON
Study of Rice variety including hybrids in Pilibhit district of
Uttar Pradesh
Submitted for the partial fulfillment towards the awards of the degree in
Master of Business Administration of Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical
University, Lucknow.

Submitted by:

Amandeep

151337007

(Batch:2015-17)

Under the supervision of

Mr. Dr. Dileep Singh

DEPARTMENT OF MBA
 Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology(NIET),
19 Knowledge Park II Greater Noida, G.B.Nagar (UP),
India-201306
DECLARATION

I am student of MBA in NIET .Hereby declared that training report entitled

Study of rice varieties including hybrids in Pilibhit district of Uttar Pradesh is the
outcome of my own and genuine work and the same has not been submitted to any

other University/Institute for the award of any degree or professional Diploma.

Date-
(Amandeep)
Place-
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all I would like to thank almighty God who bestowed me with good health
and courage to accomplish this task. I always felt His presence and blessings with
me.
Opportunities are given by God only to those who avails them.
My journey through this challenging assignment has enriched me with knowledge
and most valuable experience and sweet memories. Today when our endeavours have
successfully reached its culmination, I look back with gratitude to one and all those
generous help that has made this assignment come true. This acknowledgement may
not be sufficient to express my gratitude towards the people who helped me in the
completion of this project.
I would like to meet this opportunity to express my gratitude towards Mr. Rajeev
Gangwar , (Zonal Head) Dhanuka Agritech Limited for providing me an
opportunity to work as a trainee.
I would also express my profound thanks to project guide Dr. A. K. Singh, (Sr.
Marketing Officer), Pilibhit for his valuable help and guidance. Their constructive
and directional recommendations were instrumental in making the project success.
I owe my special thanks to all the staff members of Dhanuka Agritech Limited for
their kind backing as well as for their mutual aid providing me with the required
information. I would like to thanks Dr. Dilip Singh, Professor and Head,
Department Of Master of Business Administration, for his moral support extended
to me from time to time. Besides this I would also like to thanks the Administrators
and Government organizations for providing me required information for to complete
the project.
I express my special thanks to my parents, friends and colleagues, who have been a
constant source of help and encouragement.
Date: (Amandeep)
Place:
 List of content
Sr. No. Topic Page
no.

1. Introduction
2. Company Profile
3. Research methodology
4. Analysis and Data interpretation
5. conclusion
6. Bibliography
7. Annexure
CHAPTER-1
 INTRODUC
TION CHAPTER-
1
INTRODUCTION

(A) RICE: AN INTRODUCTION

Rice (Oryza sativa ) is one of three most important food crop grown in the world.
India is the largest rice growing country, while Chine is the largest rice producing
country in the world. In India rice accounts more than 40% of the food grain
production. Cultivated rice is an annual grass with round, hollow and jointed
culms, flat leaves and terminal inflorescence (Panicle). Normally cultivated rice
varieties take 110-210 days from germination to physiological maturity of seed.

Biological classification of Rice:

Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Oryza

Nutritional Value of rice:

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 370 kcal 1530 kJ
Carbohydrates 79.95 g
- Sugars 0.12 g
- Dietary fibre 1.3 g
Fat 0.66 g

Protein 7.13 g
Thiamine (Vit. B1) 0.070 mg 5%
Riboflavin (Vit. B2) 0.049 mg 3%
Niacin (Vit. B3) 1.6 mg 11%
Pantothenic acid (B5) 1.014 mg 20%
Vitamin B6 0.164 mg 13%
Folate (Vit. B9) 8 g 2%
Calcium 28 mg 3%
Iron 0.80 mg 6%
Magnesium 25 mg 7%
Phosphorus 115 mg 16%
Potassium 115 mg 2%
Zinc 1.09 mg 11%
Manganese 1.088 mg
There are three phases in life cycle of rice:

a) Vegetative: most variable and characterise duration of variety.

b) Reproductive: panicle formation to flowering (35 days)
c) Ripening: flowering to harvesting (30 days)
d) Climate Requirement

Temperature:: 20-350 C
Soil: alluvial, red, laterite or lateritic,
black soil.
pH 5-8
Water 900-250 mm
Top 10 largest Rice Producing Country in the World :

Rank Country Name Million Metric Tonnes

1 China 205.463

2 India 155.682

3 Indonesia 70.593

4 Vietnam 44.503

5 Thailand 37.254

6 Bangladesh 34.683

7 Burma 34.250

8 Philippines 19.832

9 Brazil 14.682

10 Japan 11.573

11 Pakistan 9.935
Rice production in India is an important part of the national economy.

Dry productive Paddy Fields in South India

India is one of the world's largest producers of white rice and brown rice,
accounting for 20% of all world rice production. Rice is India's pre-eminent crop,
and is the staple food of the people of the eastern and southern parts of the
country.[1] Production increased from 53.6 million tons in FY 1980 to 74.6 million
tons in year 1990, a 39 percent increase over the decade. By year 1992, rice
production had reached 181.9 kg, second in the world only to China with its 182
kg.[1] Since 1950 the increase has been more than 350 percent. Most of this
increase was the result of an increase in yields; the number of hectares increased
only 0 percent during this period. Yields increased from 1,336 kilograms per
hectare in FY 1980 to 1,751 kilograms per hectare in FY 1990. The per-hectare
yield increased more than 262 percent between 1950 and 1992.[1]

The country's rice production had declined to 89.14 million tonnes in 2009-10
crop year (JulyJune) from record 99.18 million tonnes in the previous year due
to severe drought that affected almost half of the country.India could achieve a
record rice production of 100 million tonnes in 2010-11 crop year on the back of
better monsoon this year. The India's rice production reached to a record high of
104.32 million tonnes in 2011-2012 crop year(JulyJune.

Rice is one of the chief grains of India. Moreover, this country has the largest area
under rice cultivation, as it is one of the principal food crops. It is in fact the
dominant crop of the country. India is one of the leading producers of this crop.
Rice is the basic food crop and being a tropical plant, it flourishes comfortably in
hot and humid climate. Rice is mainly grown in rain fed areas that receive heavy
annual rainfall. That is why it is fundamentally a kharif crop in India. It demands
temperature of around 25 degree Celsius and above and rainfall of more than
100 cm. Rice is also grown through irrigation in those areas that receives
comparatively less rainfall. Rice is the staple food of eastern and southern parts of
India. In 2009-10, total rice production in India amounted to 89.13 million tonnes,
which was much less than production of previous year, 99.18 million tonnes.

Rice can be cultivated by different methods based on the type of region. But in
India, the traditional methods are still in use for harvesting rice. The fields are
initially ploughed and then fertiliser is applied which typically consists of cow
dung and then the field is smoothed. The seeds are transplanted by hand and then
through proper irrigation, the seeds are cultivated. Rice grows on a variety of soils
like silts, loams and gravels. It can also tolerate alkaline as well as acid soils.
However, clayey loam is well suited to the raising of this crop. Actually the
clayey soil can be easily converted into mud in which rice seedlings can be
transplanted easily. Proper care has to be taken as this crop thrives if the soil
remains wet and is under water during its growing years. Rice fields should be
level and should have low mud walls for retaining water. In the plain areas,
excess rainwater is allowed to inundate the rice fields and flow slowly. Rice raised
in the well watered lowland areas is known as lowland or wet rice. In the hilly
areas, slopes are cut into terraces for the cultivation of rice. Thus, the rice grown
in the hilly areas is known as dry or upland rice. Interestingly, per hectare yield of
upland rice is comparatively less than that of the wet rice.

The regions cultivating this crop in India is distinguished as the western coastal
strip, the eastern coastal strip, covering all the primary deltas, Assam plains and
surrounding low hills, foothills and Terai region- along the Himalayas and states
like West Bengal, Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh, eastern Madhya Pradesh, northern
Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. India, being a land of eternal growing season, and the
deltas of Kaveri River, Krishna River, Godavari River and Mahanadi River with a
thick set-up of canal irrigation, permits farmers to raise two, and in some pockets,
even three crops a year. Irrigation has made even three crops a year possible.
Irrigation has made it feasible even for Punjab and Haryana, known for their
baked climate, to grow rice. They even export their excess to other states. Punjab
and Haryana grow prized rice for export purposes. The hilly terraced fields from
Kashmir to Assam are idyllically suited for rice farming, with age-old hill
irrigational conveniences. High yielding kinds, enhanced planting methods,
promised irrigation water supply and mounting use of fertilizers have together led
to beneficial and quick results. It is the rain fed area that cuts down average yields
per hectare.

In some of the states like West Bengal, Assam and Orissa two crops of rice are
raised in a year. Winter season in the north western India are extremely cold for
rice. Rice is considered as the master crop of coastal India and in some regions of
the eastern India where during the summer monsoon rainy season both high
temperature and heavy rainfall provide ideal conditions for the cultivation of rice.
Almost all parts of India are suitable for raising rice during the summer season
provided that the water is available. Thus, rice is also raised even in those parts of
western Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana where low level areas are
waterlogged during the summer monsoon rainy season.

Winter rice crop is a long duration crop and summer rice crop is a short duration
crop. At some places in the eastern and southern parts of India, rice crop of short
duration is followed by the rice crop of long duration. Winter rice crop is raised
preferably in low lying areas that remain flooded mainly during the rainy season.
Autumn rice is raised in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. Summer, autumn and winter rice crops are raised
in West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Assam and Orissa. Summer rice crop is raised
on a small scale and on a small area. However, winter rice crop is actually the
leading rice crop accounting for a major portion of the total Hectare under rice in
all seasons in the country. Moreover in the last few years, several steps in order to
augment yield per hectare were taken up very seriously at all levels.Wheat is a
rabbi crop in this country. India ranks fourth in the production of wheat in the
world. Favorable Geographical Condition for Wheat Cultivation: In India, wheat
is a winter crop. Wheat requires a moderate cool climate with moderate rain. In
India, it is grown in winter. It needs temperature 10 degree C to 15 degree C for
its cultivation. It thrives well in an average temperature of 16-degree C. Warm and
sunny weather is essential at the time of ripening. Wheat requires a rainfall of
50 cm to 100 cm during the growing season. Too much rain is injurious to the
plant. On irrigated lands, a rainfall of 40 cm to 50 cm is sufficient. Light rainfall
and cloudiness before the grain ripens increase the productivity. Alluvial level
plains are ideal for wheat cultivation. Slightly rolling plains are also suitable.
Plains should be well drained so that water cannot stand there. Wheat requires
fertile alluvial soil. Clay loamy soils or even black cotton soils are suitable. Soil
should retain moisture. A certain amount of lime in the soil is beneficial. Labor
factors are not as important in the wheat cultivation as in the case of rice.
However, labor is essential for the cultivation. The other requirements of wheat
cultivation include (i) irrigation, (ii) high yielding varieties of seeds and (iii) the
same way

List of rice varieties

Worldwide there are 40,000 varieties of rice, species name Oryza sativa. There
are also varieties of African rice, species name Oryza glaberrima, and Zizania
spp., sometimes called Canada rice or wild rice. Here are some of the common
and popular varieties.

Indian varieties
74 count
Aizon Rice
Ambemohar
Annapoornna
Atop
Basmati Rice
Bhut Muri (Kelas) [West Bengal]
Champaa Rice
Clearfield Rice
Dubraj Rice
Gandhasala
Gobindo Bhog [West Bengal]
Hansraj
Hasan Serai
HMT Rice
Idly Rice short grain
Jay Shrirama Rice
Joha Rice
Jyothi
Kamini Rice
Katta Sambar
Laxmi Bhog [West Bengal]Its not a variety, name given by the
rice mill oweners.
Minicate, Super minicate - Modern rice ( IET 4786)
Molakolukulu
 Navara Rice
Patna Rice
Ponni Rice
Poreiton Chakhau aromatic dark red rice from Manipur
Pusa Basmati 1121
Pusa Rice
Raja Hansa Rice
Ranjit Rice
Rosematta Rice
Sona Masuri
Thimmasamundaram Mollakolukulu
Tulaipanji [West Bengal]

Uttar Pradesh is the fourth largest state in country. State covers an area of about
246413 km2 and possess varied topographic features ranging from plain to
Vindhyan hills. State is divided in two physiographic regions viz. Gangetic plains
and southern plateau. From cultivation view point gangetic plains cover major
portion of the state. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous with a population density
of 776 km2. State has 16.49% of the country population (U.P. population 19.95
crores, 2011 census) with 225 lakhs farm families. Agriculture is the most
important in the state because about 80% of its population resides in rural areas
and 75% of the total workers are involved directly or indirectly in
cultivation/farming which accounts for 27% of states GDP. Agriculture is the
main source of income for families in the state. It has 11.56 million hectare of
cultivated area, constituting 70% of the total geographical area. The irrigated area
is over million hectare. The small and marginal farmers jointly contribute 19.46%
of farming household in eastern region against that of 19.11% of Uttar Pradesh.
The important crops include rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane, chick pea, pigeon pea,
mustard, lentil, Urd and moong. Majority of the agriculture land is used to grow
major cereal crops: rice & wheat. Rice is the major crop in Uttar Pradesh and is
grown in about mha which comprises of 13.5% of total rice in India. Uttar
Pradesh has favourable and suitable climate, vast areas of fertile soils, sunshine
and adequate water resources. The cropping intensity is 153%. The state ranks 3 rd
in the country in production of rice.

III. RICE PRODUCTION SCENARIO IN THE STATE:

OVERVIEW

Rice farming in the state is most vulnerable and risk prone due to

complex ecological situations marked by frequent flood or drought

or both. The area production & productivity during last 10 years is

given in table-1. It is clear that yield is stagnating around 2.0 t

q/ha since 2001-2002 except in the year 2002-

Table 1: Area, Production and Productivity of Rice

during last ten years in Uttar Pradesh

Area (m Production Produc

Year ha) (mmt) (Qtl

2001-02 6.07 12.85 21.17

2002-03 5.21 9.59 18.40

2003-04 5.72 12.48 21.81

 2004-05 5.34 10.75 18.11

2005-06 5.57 11.12 19.96

2006-07 5.82 10.88 18.69

2007-08 5.69 11.73 20.62

2008-09 6.01 13.05 21.71

2009-10 5.14 10.71 20.81

2010-11 5.63 11.94 21.20

Rice is grown in all the 72 districts of Uttar Pradesh with low to high acreage.It is

part of the nearly every meal and it is grown on a majority of the rural farms.

Uttar Pradesh is the leading producer of rice and rank 3 rd in the country. Annual

rice production is around 12 metric ton in state. Rice is cultivated mainly in

Kharif season (wet season) in around 5.90 million hectare followed by zaid

(summer season) 35000-40000 hectare only. As regards the boro rice, it is grown

in only deeply flooded areas around 3000 ha or so mainly in the eastern districts

of the Uttar Pradesh. The average productivity of the state is around 2 t/ha. 2003,
2004-2005 and 2009-2010 due to erratic rainfall distribution causes excesss water

stagnation/ drought or both in different years.

IV.GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATOR: The fourth largest state of the
country, Uttar Pradesh

lies between 23052 and 300 16 N latitude and 77084 and 840 38 E longitude
surrounded by Nepal in North. The neighboring states are Bihar, Jharkhand,
Chhattisgarh in East; Uttarakhand in North; Madhya Pradesh in South;
Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi in West.

The state covers an area of about 24613 km2 and posses varied topographic

features spreading from plain to Vindhyan hills. Thus it has been divided into

Gangetic plain and Southern plateau. State comprises the hub of Indo Gangetic

Plains one of the most fertile crescent of the world.

a).Climate: State climate is subtropical and congenial for agriculture. In

winter the average minimum temperature ranges from 250C in northern part
of the plains to 150C in eastern part of the state. The maximum temperature
during hot season varies from 320C in Northern part to 460C in South Western
part of the state. Annual relative humidity ranges from 60 to 70% in North
Eastern Tarai region to 30 40% in South Western areas.

b).Rainfall: The normal annual rainfall of the state is 947.4 mm and it ranges

from 710 mm to 1750 mm during 40 years. The tarai foot hill receives heavy

rainfall while in south part rainfall decreases. The large percentage of the

annual rainfall over the state is received during June to September. The winter

rainfall is received during December to February that too is more in North-

West part of the Uttar Pradesh. As regards the precipitation trend in the South

West and South Eastern part of the state, it ranges from 672 to 1381 mm.
Decadal trend of rainfall distribution indicated that there is a gradual decrease in
rainfall distribution between 1970s and 2011. During 1971-81 average rainfall of
the decade was 1280.10 mm while in the last two decades average precipitation
was 859.00 mm.

Page | 4
 Table : 2 Decadal trend of rainfall distribution (in
mm)

Jun Oc No De Ap Ma
Year e July Aug Sept t v c Jan FebMar r y Total

144. 403. 41. 17. 29.

1971-72-1980-81 6 6 345.2246.7 6 5.5 5.6 320.910.9 8.5 8 1280.1

289. 35. 13. 20.

1981-82-1990-91 92.1 2 237.1185.5 8 3.9 11.0 615.6 9.9 9.8 4 923.8

226. 30. 12. 14.

1991-92-2000-01 94.6 3 287.9169.9 7 5.3 8.5 612.3 4.9 5.5 6 872.9

225. 22. 17.

2001-02-2010-11 90.7 8 194.6148.6 7 2.3 2.5 7.314.7 6.4 4.1 7 737.4

105. 286. 32. 12. 20.

Average 5 2 266.2187.6 7 4.3 6.9 715.9 8.0 7.0 6 957.3
(1971-2010-11)

1980-81 - 2010- 168. 29. 11. 17.

11 93.9 253.8245.2 7 5 3.7 7.5 513.8 7.2 6.3 8 859.0

280. 35. 17. 15.

Normal 95.0 9 275.6178.3 8 4.9 6.8 619.910.2 7.3 1 947.4
The lowest average rainfall of the decade starting from 2001-2011 was recorded
only 737.4 mm only.

Soil types:

Six well defined and distinct soil groups differing from one another in their
geological formation and pedogenic characters have been recognized. These are
Bhabar soils, Tarai soils, Vindhyan soils, Bundelkhand soils, Aravali soils and
Alluvial soils. Each of these soil groups have developed under the combined
influence of a wide range of soil forming factors including climate, vegetation and
parent materials. The major coverage of alluvial soil in further grouped as saline
alkaline-soils, Karail soils and Bhatt soils. Again saline alkaline soils is divided in
three groups i.e. Saline soils, Saline alkaline soils and alkali soils. The major soil
types, area their coverage is depicted in table 3.
 Table 3: Soil types of Uttar Pradesh and their area

Soil types Area (ha) Districts covered

Bhabar soils 510510 Saharanpur, Bijnour

Tarai soils 1686740 Pilibit, Bareilly, Rampur, Bahraich,

Sarawast
i, Balrampu, Siddharth nagar,
Kushinagar, Maharajganj,
Deoria

Central, eastern, western, south western

Alluvial soils 18185300 part
of the state

Mirzapur, Varanasi, Allahabad,

Vindhyan soils 1501290 Sonbhadra

Jhansi, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Banda,

Bundelkhand soils 3192440 Lalitpur,
Mahoba, Chitrakoot

Aravali soils 63290 South western area of Agra

Agroclimatic Zones:
Based on rainfall, terrain and soil characteristics, 9 agro climatic zones have been
recognized in the state of Uttar Pradesh. These include Tarai Western Plain,
Central Western Plain, South Western Semi Arid, Central Plain, Bundelkahnd,
North Eastern Plain, Eastern Plain and Vindhyan hills zones as shown in figure-1.
Agro climatically the south plateau is most erratic and diversified as it lies
between Bundelkhand and Vindhyan agroclimatic zones.

Page | 6
RICE IN UTTAR PRADRICE PRODUCTION SCENARIO:

The overall production and productivity of the state is highly influenced by

rainfall and its distribution during crop growth period. The drought year affects

the production and productivity by reducing the area as well as yield. Area,

production and productivity of rice of the state as influenced by rainfall is given

in figure-2. It is observed that high production was achieved in the years where

adequate rainfall was received. During 2003-04 and 2008-09 high rice production

was achieved due to normal rainfall and its proper distribution. During drought

years 2002-03 and 2009-10, drastic area in reduction in the area as well as yield

was realized. In the year 2009-10 alone there was reduction in the area to the tune

of ten lakhs and production has gone down by 1.07 million metric ton.

Area: Rice is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh in about 5.90 mha covering five major
ecological conditions including favourable irrigated; unfavourable rainfed

upland; rainfed lowland; deep water and flood prone and inland salinity

condition. Exact extent and area distribution, ecosystemwise is not known.

a).Production: Rice production in Uttar Pradesh is stagnating between

11-12 million metric tons since 1990 onwards with slightly low or high

production in unfavourable rainfall years and normal rainfall years.

During these decades the highest rice production 13.05 million metric ton

was achieved in 2008-09 which was most favourable year.

b).Productivity: The average productivity of the state is almost equal
to the national average i.e. 2.0 t/ha. However, natural hazards including
submergence or drought or both adversely affect the productivity. The
average productivity of favourable irrigated areas is more than 3.0 t/ha
while rainfed lowland and upland areas average productivity are 1.50
t/ha & 1.00 t/ha respectively.

c).Contribution to the GDP: Uttar Pradesh has major share in rice

area around 13.51% of the total rice grown in the country. It contributes
about 18-20% to the national pool. As regards the percent share of SDP to
gross state domestic product, it is around 29.10%.
The details of area, production and productivity of last 30 years i.e. 1979-
80 to 2010-2011 is given in Table-4.

Page | 8
RICE IN UTTAR PRADE
Table 4: Area, Production & productivity during 1989-
90 to 2010-2011

Production Productivity
Year Area (hectare) (quintals) (q/ha
1989-90 5120932 8895225 17.4
1990-91 5327047 9668710 18.2
1991-92 5409704 9404255 17.3
1992-93 5193060 9143421 17.6
1993-94 5080778 9635570 18.9
1994-95 5280502 9778369 18.5
1995-96 5278812 9783559 18.5
1996-97 5276843 11191321 21.2
1997-98 5438809 11670220 21.4
1998-99 5573067 10821093 19.4
1999-20 5778812 12625566 21.8
2000-01 5904128 11672250 19.7
2001-02 6068496 12849116 21.1
2002-03 5209137 9586935 18.4
2003-04 5719933 12476923 21.8
2004-05 5934405 10749989 18.1
2005-06 5868870 11707282 19.9
2006-07 5820022 10876390 18.6
2007-08 5756233 11829177 20.5
2008-09 6011761 13051365 21.7
2009-10 5148046 10714990 20.8
 2010-11 5631949 11938078 21.2

VI. DISTRICT WISE RICE ECOSYSTEM OF THE STATE:

As such, no recent information on district wise rice ecosystems of the Uttar
Pradesh is available. However, during 1996-97, Huke and Huke, 1997 estimated
the area under different ecosystem in the state is reproduced below:

S.No. Ecosystems Area (ha

1 Upland 549463
2 Irrigated 2570000
3 Deep water (>100 cm) 218000
4 Rainfed shallow lowland 1352415
5 Intermediate 1069261
Total 5729880

The major area under lowland and flood prone is located in eastern
part of Uttar Pradesh covering 15 districts which constitutes about
30% area of total rice cultivated in the state. As regards the
favourable irrigated area it is more than 50% while upland and very
deep water and flood prone areas are restricted to 10% and 4% only.
The rice areas where salts are problem is estimated to be 2%.
Inland salinity areas are mainly concentrated in Raibarelly,
Azamgarh, Sultanpur, Faizabad, Lucknow, Unnao and Pratapgarh
districts. In western and central part of the states majority of the rice
cultivated in favourable irrigated condition. Lowest rainfall coupled
with low acreage of rice is reported in Jhansi and Chitrakoot
divisions where water scarcity leads to cultivate only short and
medium duration varieties.

VII. RICE PRODUCTION ANALYSIS IN THE STATE:

A critical perusal of productivity at division level during 2010-2011 showed a

wide range of variability from 11.02 q/ha Chitrakoot division to 24.11 q/ha
Faizabad division. The average productivity of the state during 2010-11 was
21.21 q/ha. Considering the overall productivity division wise there is substantial
difference among the 17 divisions. The relatively high productivity was recorded
during 2010-11 in Faizabad, Devipatan and Kanpur divisions while low
productivity was reported in Chitrakoot and Jhansi divisions. A positive growth
rate was witnessed in the districts of Ambedkar Nagar, Balrampur, Chandauli
and Kushinagar falling in eastern part of the state while Auraiya, Kannauj,
Etawah, Bijnour, Firozabad, Mainpuri and Mathura districts have shown better
productivity in central and western regions of the state table-5.

Page | 10
oduction Productivity of rice

District Name Total Area Production Productivity

1 2 3 4
21.8
Saharanpur 54.830 120.023 9
22.0
Saharanpur div. 91.958 202.967 7
25.4
Ghaziabad 30.102 76.730 9
22.8
Meerut div. 150.568 343.680 3
20.4
Aligarh 64.485 131.614 1
21.0
Etah 21.823 45.872 2
20.7
Kashiram nagar 17.901 37.216 9
20.1
Aligarh Division 121.367 244.746 7
21.6
Mathura 47.142 9.413 8
21.4
Agra 4.342 101.167 6
27.6
Firozabad 19.919 54.976 0
24.2
Mainpuri 49.602 120.434 8
23.6
Agra div. 121.005 285.990 3
16.5
Bareilly 163.015 270.279 8
Budaun 84.311 158.167 18.7
 6
RICE IN UTTAR PRADE
District Name Total Area Production Productivity
1 2 3 4
24.
Pilibhit 149.172 370.692 85
20.
Bareilly div. 607.573 1229.309 23
23.
Bijnor 55.816 131.000 47
17.
Moradabad 125.006 224.136 93
19.
J.B.fule nagar 24.355 47.127 35
18.
Rampur 140.906 267.580 99
19.
Moradabad div. 346.083 669.843 35
16.
Farrukhabad 14.963 24.075 09
27.
Kannauj 15.388 42.933 90
24.
Etawah 43.727 108.224 75
26.
Auraiya 37.124 99.641 84
22.
Kanpur city 31.353 70.638 53
23.
Pilibhit 43.449 99.976 01
23.
Kanpur div. 186.004 445.487 95
Fatehpur 63.527 134.105 21.
 11
23.
Allahabad 141.316 328.560 50
19.
Kaushambi 40.103 79.965 94
20.
Pratapgarh 96.664 193.811 05
21.
Allahabad div. 341.610 736.441 56
22.
Jhansi 2.067 4.738 92
6.
Lalitpur 2.833 1.856 55
13.
Jalaun 0.339 0.458 51
13.
Jhansi div. 5.239 7.052 46
11.
Hamirpur 0.159 0.177 15
11.
Mahoba 0.076 0.085 15
11.
Banda 47.536 54.761 15
7.
Chitrakut 7.506 5.892 85
11.
Chitrakut div. 55.277 60.915 02
20.
Varanasi 42.021 84.882 20
27.
Chandauli 98.325 270.984 56
21.
Ghazipur 149.321 314.321 05
Jaunpur 139.885 292.220 20.
 89
22.
Varanasi div. 429.552 962.407 40
20.
Mirzpur 64.224 132.879 69
15.
Sonbhadra 27.442 42.014 31
20.
S. Ravi das ngr 22.116 44.918 31
19.
Mirzapur div. 113.782 219.811 32
20.
Azamgarh 203.577 417.536 51
18.
Mau 84.040 155.894 55
19.
Ballia 108.568 206.931 06
19.
Azamgarh div. 396.185 780.361 70

Page | 12
VIII. CROPPING SYSTEM ZONE WISE:
S.No. Zones 1st year 2nd year
1- Tarai Rice Wheat Rice Sugarcane
Rice Wheat/oil
2- Western plain seed/pulse Rice Sugarcane
Central western Rice Wheat/oil
3- plain seed/pulse Rice Sugarcane
Rice Wheat/oil Rice Sugarcane-
4- South western plain seed/pulse Pulse
Rice Wheat/oil
5- Central palin seed/pulse -
6- Bundelkhand Rice oil seed/pulse
Rice Wheat/oil Rice Sugarcane-
7- North eastern plain seed/pulse Pulse
Rice Wheat/oil
8- Eastern plain seed/pulse -
Rice Wheat/oil
9- Vindhyan seed/pulse -
The cropping system has many dimensions and are product of many factors in
combinations. These include physical environment production technology,
resource constraints and socio economic conditions. Wheat and rice are the major
cereal crops grown in Uttar Pradesh. Majority of the area is covered with rice
wheat cropping system. The kharif pulses; and rabi pulses & oil seeds crops are
also important. However their area is relatively low. The other major crops
include sugarcane, maize, chick pea, pigeon pea etc. in kharif and rabi seasons.
Ground nuts, smaller millets, sorghum, potato and mustard are also cultivated in
different districts of the state. The major cropping systems followed in different
zones are presented in table-6.

Table 6: Cropping systems zone wise

IX. RICE GROWING SEASONS & REGIONS:

There are three rice growing seasons in the state. These are Wet season (Kharif),
Winter season (Boro) and Summer season (Zaid). The growing period of rice in
difference seasons are Kharif June July to October- November; Boro
October- November to April May and Zaid February to May- June

Kharif is the main rice growing season in the state and more than 98% rice
(around 5.9 mha) is cultivated during this season covering early, medium and long
duration varieties. A Limited rice area around 35000-40000 ha in Zaid and hardly
3000 3500 ha area in boro season is being cultivated. During kharif season rice
is cultivated in all the regions of the state while Boro rice is restricted to deeply
flooded area of the eastern U.P. covering different districts viz. Gorakhpur, Basti,
Deoria, Ballia, Ghazipur, Mirzapur and Varanasi. As regards the cultivation of
Zaid rice in the state it is grown only in tarai regions covering Pilibhit,
Bareilly, Rampur, Bahraich, Sarawasti, Balrampur, Siddharth

nagar, Kushinagar, Maharajganj and Deoria districts of the state.

Season wise varieties /hybrids: Most of the rice varieties developed by

different institutions and universities are cultivated in kharif season. Mega
varieties cultivated during kharif season are NDR -359, Narendra 97, Sarjoo-52,
Kalanamak, Pusa basmati-1, BPT-5204, Swarna, Narendra -118 and Shushk
Samrat. Details of the varieties grown in different ecosystems is given below in
table-7.

Page | 14
 Table 7: Lists of rice varieties/hybrids grown in kharif
season

Rice ecosystems Suitable varieties

Baranideep, Jawahar Dhan 75, Nagina 22,
Upland Narendra Dhan
118, Narendra Dhan 80, Narendra Dhan 1, Renu,
Sudha,
Shushk Samrat, Narendra Lalmati, Narendra -97

Low land & Flood Swarna (MTU 7029), Sambha Mahsuri (BPT
prone 5204),
Jalpriya, Jalnidhi, and Jallahri
Swarna Sub-1, Barh Avrodhi (Intemittent
flooding)

Malviya Dhan 2, Narendra Dhan 2026, Saket 4,

Irrigated Ashwani,
NDR 2064 , Malviya Dhan 36, Narendra Sankar
Dhan 2,
Narendra 3112-1, Sarjoo 52, NDR 359, Type -21,

Narendra Sankar Dhan 2, PHB -71, KRH-2, Arize

Hybrids 6444,
Arize 6201, PRH-10
Varieties for Boro season:

Traditional boro rice varieties including China 4, Sarraiya, Jharanga, Kalaboro

are still cultivated only in certain pocket of these districts. NDR 97,
Baranideep,Gautham,Prabhat,Richhariya, Saroj, Dhanlaxmi, Joymati,Krishna
Hamsa, Pant Dhan 12 have been found suitable for boro rice areas.

Varieties for Zaid season:

Only short duration rice varieties are preferred for Zaid season. NDR 97, NDR

118, Pant Dhan -12, Govinda, Manhar, Shushk Samrat etc are popular varieties

for this season.

Page | 15
RECOMMENDED PACKAGE OF PRACTICES:
As regards the cultural practices direct seeding is done in rainfed areas
while transplanting is practiced in irrigated and favourable lowland.

Traditional:

Varieties: Sarjoo-52, Pant Dhan 110, Pant Dhan-12, Lalmati, Badshahpasand,

Basmati-370, Pusa Basmati-1, Kalanamak, Narendra -97, Shakkarchini etc.
Sowing & Seed rate: a. Broadcasting & ploughing with planking b. Sowing
behind plough and planking and c. Sowing in puddle condition, 75 to 80 kg/ha
seeds is required for direct seeding

Beusheninh/Bidahani: After 25 to 30 days after sowing-ploughing at 50 cm

distance by desi plough and planking in rain flooded field condition is done to
have better crop establishment and weed control.

Fertilizer management: Low dose of fertilizer without proper soil testing is

applied. By and large farmers uses only nitrogenous fertilizers.

Weed management: One hand weeding is done to control the weeds.

Virtually no weedicides is used by the farmers.

Plant protection: Application of 10% BHC @ 20 kg/ha after flowering is

used to control Gundhi bug etc.

Harvesting-threshing: Crop is harvested and threshed at maturity.

Post harvest operations: Produce is dried upto 14% moisture,
bagged and stocked.
Modern package of practices:

Selection of varieties: Based on ecological conditions prevailed in the area

rice varieties are being selected for cultivation. By and large farmers are using
improved high yielding short duration rice varieties namely Narendra -97,
Baranideep, Shushk Samrat, Pant Dhan -12, Manhar etc. for rainfed upland direct
seeded and transplanted. Sarjoo 52, Narendra 359, Malviya -36, Pusa
Basmati-1 and Kalanamak in favourable irrigated and Usar Dhan-1, CSR 10,
Narendra Usar Dhan -3 and Narendra Usar Dhan 2008 are preffered in inland
salinity areas.

Seed rate: 30-35 kg/ha based on grain types are being used for Nursery
seeding in open pollinated varieties; 12-15 kg/ha for hybrid rice varieties and
only 6 kg/ha for SRI cultivation.

Fertilizer management: Balance use of fertilizer after proper soil testing is

being followed. Accordingly NPK: 120:60:60 kg/ha, FYM: 10-12 t/ha and
ZnSO4: 20 kg/ha has been advocated for use. Nitrogen is applied in 3 split doses
namely 50% at time of land preparation and remaining 25% each at maximum
tillering stage and flowering stage is top dressed.
As per requirement hybrid rice varieties are fertilized with 150:75:75 NPK with
20 kg ZnSO4. Farmers have been advocated to use more of FYM and least
chemical fertilizers in SRI method of rice cultivation.

Transplanting: 21-25 days old seedling are transplanted at 20 X 15 cm

spacing in open pollinated varieties and in hybrids transplanting is done at 15 X
15 cm spacing .However spaced planting i.e. 25X25 cm and only 12-14 days
old seedlings are being used in SRI technique.
Weed management: Butachlor 50EC 3-4 ltr or 30-40 kg granule/ 2-4D Na
salt 625 g/ha is being applied as pre emergence herbicide which is very effective.
No or little weedicide is used in SRI technique where conoweeder is used to
control the weeds.

Plant protection: Need based judicious application of fungicides/insecticides

have been advocated. Farmers follow IPM and IDM to control insect and disease
respectively.

Harvesting and threshing: Mature crop is harvested and threshed after at

least 3 days of harvesting and produce is dried upto 14% moisture for bagging
and stocking.

Most popular varieties: MTU 7029, BPT 5204, Sarjoo 52, NDR 359,
Narendra Dhan 118, Narendra -97, Shushk Samrat, Narendra Lalmati, Narendra
Dhan 2026, NDR 2064, Narendra 3112-1, Malviya-36, NDR 8002, Jal Lahari,
Jalpriya, Barah Avarodhi, Swarna Sub -1, Narendra Usar Dhan3, Pusa Basmati-
1, Shakarrchini and Juhi Bengal.

Hybrids: Pant Shankar Dhan -1, Narendra Shankar Dhan -2, Arize 6111, Arize
6201, Arize 6444, PHB 71, KRH-2 and Pusa RH-10

Post Harvest Operations: The Post harvesting technology affects not only
quantity of the produce but also quality of rice and finished product of it. The
loss estimated due to poor harvesting operation may go upto 10%. Therefore post
harvesting operations of raw paddy and the storage of grains are very important.

Page | 18
dried in the state by this method. Mechanical drying is done only by big farmers
and limited quantity of produce is dried.

The grains are stored at three different level viz producers land, traders level and
urban organizational storage level.

Rice milling: In Uttar Pradesh, there are two types of paddy milling, either
raw or parboiled paddy to convert into edible rice. Traditional method of rice
milling i.e. hand poundering was practiced before the advent of mechanical
milling. At present 95% produce is milled mechanically. The conventional mills
in use can be categorized into three main types i.e. huller mills, sheller-huller
mills and sheller-cone polisher mills.
Nearly 50% of the total rice produced in the state is subjected to paraboiling. It
is very common in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Three major steps in paraboiling is
soaking, streaming and drying have a great influence on the quality of rice. The
loss of nutrient is less in paraboiled rice. Sela rice is well known in western Uttar
Pradesh.

XI. TRADITIONAL CULTIVARS/VARIETIES GROWN, IF

ANY IN THE STATE:

Traditional varieties are disappearing from the scene. However in certain pockets
of Uttar Pradesh short grain aromatic rices are being cultivated in tarai, eastern
and central plain, Vindhyan and Ganga basin regions of Uttar Pradesh. Few
varieties which are still in cultivation include Kalanamk, Lalmati, Shakkar chini,
Adamchin, Badshah Pasand, Vishnu Parag, Type-9 etc.

Indigenous technical knowledge (ITKs): Double transplanting (Sanda )

method of rice cultivation in eastern part of the state viz. Ballia, Gazipur, Mau
and Chandauli, this method is most popular. In this crop establishment method,
20-25 days old seedlings are densely transplanted in nearby area of the field with
judicious fertilization. On the onset of monsoon 40-45 days old seedlings are
transplanted in water logged areas. If nursery is not sufficient to cover the area
tillers may be separated and then again transplanted .
Beushining system is a traditional practice of rice cultivation common
throughout the rainfed and upland ecosystem of the Gangetic plain and tarai
zone of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Beushining facilitates stable rice yield under low
input management and uncertain climatic conditions through effective weed
control, optimum plant stand and stimulated root growth with enhanced tillering.

Germplasm resources: No systematic collection of traditional rices/ land

races has been done in Uttar Pradesh to conserve the rice genetic wealth.
However, surveys of different rice growing areas especially eastern districts of
Uttar Pradesh which is also called rice bowl and hilly areas have been done in
piece meal. A good number of accessions have been lost due to improper
management and non availability of regeneration of the accessions and lack of
proper storage facilities. However, current status of working germplasm
accessions maintained at different Agriculture Universities/Institutes of Uttar
Pradesh appear in Table-7.
 Table-7: Current Status of working germplasm in Uttar
Pradesh
No. accessions
S.No. University/Institution
(traditional + exotic)
1. NDUAT, Kumarganj, Faizabad
Masodha 1100
Ghagharaghat 525
2. BHU, Varanasi 200
Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel Univ. of Agri. & Tech.,
3. Merrut 300
4. C.S.A. University of Agri. & Tech., Kanpur 200
Total 2320

These germplasm have been evaluated and categorized for different traits. Many
donors tolerant to pest and diseases, abiotic stresses and quality rices have been
identified and utilized in rice improvement programme. Among the donors
identified N-22, Kalkari, Saria and Dular have high degree of drought tolerance
while Madhujkar and Jalmagna posses submergence tolerance and elongation
ability respectively and is being used in rice improvement programme. Recently
in 2010 short grain aromatic rices have been catalogued by joint efforts of
NDUAT, BHU and PRDF.

Medicinal value: No information is available on medicinal value of the

traditional rices grown in the state. But local/traditional short grain aromatic
rices have maintained their supremacy over other rice varieties. Local scented
varieties including Kalanamak, Badshahbhog, Adamchini, Lalmati, Vishnu Parag
posses not only high degree of scent but better eating and cooking quality as
well. These rices are easily digestible. Jalmagna, NDR 6279 and Shushk Samrat
have high Fe and Zn content.

XII. BY PRODUCT OF RICE SPECIFIC TO THE STATE:

By products of rice milling industries include rice husk, rice bran, rice straw and

broken rice.

a. Usage: These by product are being used in better and profitable

manner both for industrial and feed purposes. These by products are
used as follows:

Rice husk is used as boiler fuel wherever paraboiling is practiced. Rice husk is
tough because of its silica cellulose content.

Rice bran is the most valuable by-product of the rice milling industry. Rice bran
consists of pericarp, aleurone layer, germ and a part of endosperm. Rice bran is a
potential source of vegetable oil. Refined oil can be a supplementary source of
edible oil. Crude bran oil contains high free fatty acids and is used for
manufacture of soap and fatty acids. Deoiled/ defatted bran is used as
fertilizer.ge | 21
roken rice is another by-product of rice milling industry. Nutritionally there is no
difference between whole rice and broken rice. But quality wise, broken rice
becomes poor due to admixture with grit, stones and clay particles. It is being
utilized for preparation of Idli, Dosa and other such preparation in which rice
flour or wet-ground rice paste is needed.
 Rice straw is used as cattle feed, thatching roofs, cottage
industry etc.
Rice grain is also used for many local preparations including
puffed rice. Chura, roasted rice locally called Laiya and in
spiritual occasions.

b. Market value: Rice by products in the state have reasonable market

demand but due to poor industry growth of the state to utilize by
products of the rice, there is improper marketing management.
Accordingly appreciable prices of the by products are not being realized
by the growers.

c. Milling industry: In Uttar Pradesh there are two types of paddy

milling, either paraboiled or raw paddy to convert into edible rice. Four
types of rice mills exit in state are hullers, shellers, hullers cum shellers and
modern rice mills. Among these hullers are prevalent in rural and urban
areas. Modern mills are few in the state which produce better head rice and
quality bran oil after processing.

XIII .SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN

THE RICE SECTOR OF THE STATE:
In order to increase the production & productivity of the state, Government
of Uttar Pradesh under guidance of Government of India is implementing
special development programmes in the state. These are:
1. National Food Security Mission: Under this project all together 27
districts have been covered. These are Azamgarh, Badaun, Bahraich, Ballia,
Balrampur, Banda, Bareilly, Basti, Devaria, Fatehpur, Gonda. Gorakhpur, Gajipur,
Hardoi, Mainpuri, Mau, Mirzapur, Raibarely, Rampur, Sahjhapur, Sarawasti,
Sidharthnagar, Sitapur, Sonbhadra, Sultanpur & Unnao. The objective of this
programme include promotion and extension of improved technologies i.e. quality
seeds, INM, IPM and resource conservation technologies alongwith capacity
building of the farmers to produce more rice to strengthen food security of the
state.

Macro Managements of Agriculture project: Under the guidance of

Govt. of India, integrated rice development programme has been implemented in
45 districts of Uttar Prades. The districts are Gaziabad, Pilibhit, Kannauj,
Lalitpur, Kaushambi, Allahabad, Kushinagar, Jaunpur, Muzaffar Nagar, Aligarh,
Eta, Muradabad, Itawa, Jalaun, Gautam Budha Nagar, Chandauli, Paratapgarh,
Meerut, Mathura, Bijnore, Kanpur Sahar, Pilibhit, Chitrakoot, Hathras, St. Kabir
Nagar, Varanasi, Faizabad, Barabanki, Baghpat, Agra, Hamirpur, J.P. Nagar,
Ambedkar Nagar, St. Ravidas Nagar, Maharajganj, Lucknow, Lakhimpur Kheri,
Bulandshar, Firozabad, Shahjhapur, Farukhabad, Jhansi, Mahoba, Auraiya &
Kanshi Ram Nagar. The major activities under the project are crop production
technology demonstration, farmers field school training, subsidy provision on
seed, micro.

XIV Status of recent methods/technologies

SRI: System of rice intensification is being adopted/demonstrated in 13 districts

of the state. Preliminary results indicated that short duration varieties, optimum
irrigation coupled with spaced spacing and use of cono weeder may give better
results. However its
Page | 2b.Hybrid rice: Eastern part of the state is considered a hub of hybrid
rice cultivation. Hybrid rice cultivation in the state is getting momentum during
last few years. Expansion of hybrid rice is depicted in figure. At present around
1.0 mha area is covered with different hybrids of rice. Among the most popular
hybrids Pant Shankar Dhan-1, Narendra Shankar Dhan-2, Arize 6444, Pusa RH
10, PHB-71, Arize-201, Ganga, Sahayadri -4, KRH-2 and DRR-3 have major
share in the area coverage as well as production. During WS 2011, Government
of U.P. have a provision of 25% subsidy on hybrid seeds in order to promote
hybrid rice in the state. State government is targeting to increase 1.5 lakhs
hectare area every year under hybrid rice varieties.
c.Aerobic rice: Demonstration/validation of aerobic rice is only at the stage of
experimentation at on station. So far none of the aerobic rice variety is under
commercial cultivation. However results obtained at Crop Research Station
(NDUAT), Masodha, Faizabad shows promise for areas where limited water
facility exists.Breeder Seed Production: During WS 2010 altogether 231.80
quintals breeder seed was produced as against indent of 117.00 quintals of DAC.
In addition to this 622.00 q breeder seeds and 15.00 q nucleus seeds of different
mega varieties and new promising varieties popularly grown in the state, were
also produced. The average seed replacement rate of the state is 25%. Efforts are
being made to raise the seed replacement rate as high as 33%. In order to meet
this challenge quality breeder and foundation seeds of all the mega varieties are
being produced.

XV. INSTITUTES INVOLVED IN RICE DEVELOPMENT IN

THE STATE AND THEIR

CONTRIBUTION:
At present, three Agriculture universities viz. N.D. University of Agriculture &
Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (NDUAT), C.S. Azad University of
Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur and Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel Univ. of
Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (SBPUAT) are involved in the rice research
and development programme. NDUAT has contributed substaintly in rice
development of the state. Being responsible for eastern part of the state where
rice is grown in all type of unfavourable ecological conditions viz. rainfed
upland, flood affected situation and inland salinity condition its responsibility
becomes most crucial. BHU, Varanasi and SAM Higginbottom Institute of
Agriculture Technology & Sciences (Deemed university), Allahabad has little
share in the rice development. The rice research centres in the state categorized
in two groups:
Funded centres: Masodha, Ghaghraghat in NDUAT, Nagina, (SBPUAT,
Meerut), Kanpur (CSAUAT) and Varanasi (BHU) have been funded by ICAR.
Voluntary centres: SAM Higginbottom Instute of Agriculture Technology &
Sciences (Deemed university), Allahabad and Meerut (SBPUAT) are partially
financially supported centres.

Contributions: As regards the contribution, NDUAT, Faizabad has major

share in rice development followed by CSAUAT and BHU. Remaining two
universities SBPUAT and : SAM Higginbottom Instute of Agriculture
Technology & Sciences (Deemed university), Allahabad are in initial stage of
rice development.

NDUAT has developed 30 rice varieties covering all the ecosystems

viz. upland, lowland and flood prone, irrigated and inland salinity
and hybrid rice. The specific features of these varieties are furnished
below:

Year Maturi Gra

Parentage/ of ty Yield in
Variety
releas (q/ha Ty
Designation e (days) ) pe

A. Upland drought prone

very early

35- M
Narendra Dhan - 1 Belle PatnalL.8 1981 105 40 B

35- M
Narendra Dhan - 118 IR 36/Hansraj A 1987 85 40 S
 35-
Narendra Dhan - 97 N agina-22/Ratna 1992 90 40 LS

C1064-5!IR9129 - 35-
Barani Deep 120-3- 2001 100 40 LS
3-3/fR 54
C 1064-5/Kalkari//IR 35- L
Shushk Samrat 54 2007 105 40 S

30-
Narendra Lalmati Selectionfromlocal 2009 105 35 SS
Lalmat
i

B. Irrigated Ecology
Early(l00-l15d)
IR 8/Tadukan / 40- L
Narendra Dhan - 2 (TKM6 1982 115 45 S
/TNI )/ /IR8/IR24
40- M
NarendraDhan - 80 Nagina-22/IR 36 1986 115 45 S

40- M
NDR 2026 SIPI 632063 2005 115 45 S
/CHLANING
SENYU47/
ITAICH UNG SEN 12
Pant Dhan 50- M
NDR 2064 4/Saket4 // 2007 115 55 S
 NDR 2017

Page |
26

Medium Duration (120-130d):

The impact of green revolution is yet to be realized in fragile ecologies specially
rainfed lowland, flood prone and rainfed upland due to non availability of
suitable high yielding varieties suitable for target environments. The varieties
namely Jalnidhi, Jalpriya and Barh Avrodhi have shown stable and potential
yield under deep water, semi deep water and intermittent flash flooded
situations. These varieties have been liked by the farmers and have contributed
substantially in increasing the production and productivity of the area of this
fragile ecology in addition to living status of the fragile farmers.

Jallahari is suitable for lowland and shallow water situation. NDR 8002 is
spreading in rainfed low land and water logged areas of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and
West Bengal due its quality grain and high yield potential. The adoption of the
variety in this fragile situation will boost up the productivity of the area.

Shusk Samrat (NDR 1045-2) is the recent release for direct seeded upland areas
of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Orissa where low productivity is a rule due to
unpredictable drought. It is anticipated that this variety will replace the most
popular varieties of the states including NDR 97, Vandana, Narendra 118 and
Manhar etc. This will serve as boon to resource poor farmers as it does well in
low input management and moisture stress condition.

Among the new releases, NDR 2026, NDR 2064 and NDR 3112-1 will replace
popular varieties of irrigated areas being different maturity groups. Narendra
Lalmati will be a boon for double cropping specially potato growing areas.
Narendra Usar Dhan 2008 (NDRK 5088) will enhance the production
productivity of coastal salinity areas of West Bengal, Orissa & Andhra Pradesh;
and inland salinity/usar areas of Uttar Pradesh.

Recently three rice varieties viz. value added scented NDR 6093 for favourable
irrigated, NDR 2065 for irrigated mid early and NDR 50002 for inland salinity
have been released by State Variety Release Committee under the Chairmanship
of Principal Secretary, Agriculture on 12.10.2010 for Uttar Pradesh. These
varieties are becoming popular in their respective ecology and areas.

Seed production technology of rice hybrid Narendra Shankar Dhan 2 has been
worked out, standardized and demonstrated. Trained a large number of officers
of university, line departments and farmers have been trained. This resulted in
adoption of hybrid rice varieties in larger acreage probably the highest in eastern
region.

CSSRI, Lucknow is focusing on testing and evaluation of inland salinity

genotypes for their tolerance against salts. In addition state department of
agriculture also helps in testing of genotypes in target environments

through its Regional Agriculture Testing and Demonstration Stations

located in different regions.

XVI. Constraints in rice production: Overall productivity of the state is

low, not only due to the major share of rainfed rice but also frequent occurrence
of biotic and abiotic streses
Biotic Stress: The biotic stresses that impose limitations on rice productivity
in the state include diseases, insect pests and weeds.

Diseases: The major diseases are Blast, Bacterial leaf blight, Brown spot,
Sheath blight and Neck blast in order of their occurrence.

Insect-pests: Insect-pests pose serious threats to the rice crop by attacking

every part of the plant at all the growth stages. The most severe damage is
caused by pink stem borer and yellow stem borer. Stem borer accounts for 40%
of loss under severe infestation. The other insects including leaf folder, white
grub, gundhi bug and termite also limits the rice productivity of the state.

Weeds: The heavy weed infestation ranks only second to moisture stress in
reducing grain yield of rainfed rice in the state. Echinochloa crusgalli, E.
colonum, Cyperus iria, C. rotundus, Cloeme viscosa, Eclipta alba and
Fimbristylis dichotoma were common weeds.

Abiotic stress: By and large rainfed rice suffers from three major abiotic
stresses namely drought, submergence and Salinity. Besides nutrient deficiency
(Zinc, Iron, Boron etc.) and iron toxicity limits the rice production. Cold is
another stress severely affects the boro rice nursery performance and late
duration rice varieties.
RICE IN UTR PRADESH

In addition to these biotic and abiotic stresses low rice productivity may be ascribed
to deteriorating soil health conditions due imbalance use of fertilizers, less use of
organic manures, secondary and micro nutrients and soil ameliorants, poor seed
replacement rate, lack of farm mechanization, mismanagement of water resources,
large no. of resource poor farmers (92 % small & marginal), poor dissemination of
appropriate and location specific technologies specially for rainfed environments
and lack of efficient drawn extension system.

Institutional constraints: The major constraints faced by different institutions

located in the state are as follows:

Poor infrastructure, Laboratory and field facilities available in different

institution of state restricts the progress of the quality research.

Paucity of fund is one of the major constraints in conducting the research

and development activities at the institution.

Coordination among the different institutions is also at low key which

directly affects the sharing of valuable knowledge and technical

information generated by them.

Weak institutional finance system.

Problem of marketing for rice hybrids.

XVII. Strategies and modern techniques to enhance rice production

The impact points adopted by the state for increasing the productivity or to fill the
gaps of rice crop are as follows:AR PRADES
Thrust on maximizing area under hybrid rice through popularizing high

yielding hybrids and extending subsidy on costly seeds.

Spreading of suitable varieties for water logged/flood affected area:

Ambitious programme of covering SWARNA Sub-1 variety in 0.5 mha

water logged area of the state.

Spreading of suitable varieties for drought prone area through

promotion of Shushk Samrat, Sahbhagi Dhan and Narendra 97.

Promotion of varieties tolerant to sodicity specially Naredra Usar Dhan-

3, Naredra Usar Dhan-2008 and CSR-36 in the problem soil areas of

the state.

By incorporating Dhaincha as green manure in the crop cycle.

In non monetary inputs, timely completition of the planting and

adoption of SRI techniques are being encouraged.

 Improvement of soil health by use of green manure and compost for

sustainability of rice productivity of the state.

XVIII . Conclusion & Way forward

Climate change brings new problems for the sustainability of rice production

not only in state but globally. Efforts will be made to improve germplasm

adaptation to cope up with the prevailing unfavourable rice environments.

Development of aerobic rice, drought tolerant, submergence tolerant and

efficient problem soil tolerant genotypes & hybrids will be our main focus of

rice improvement research in future following both conventional as well as

marker assisted backcross breeding techniques.

Under IRRI NDUAT collaborative project entitled Stress Tolerant Rice for

Poor Farmers of Africa and South Asia and DBT funded project on abiotic

stress From QTL to

Page | 31

R IN UTTAR PRADESH

Variety: Marker Assisted Breeding of Abiotic Stress Tolerant Rice Varieties with
Major QTLs for Drought, Submergence and Salt Tolerance efforts are being made
to transfer the submergence tolerant gene, drought tolerant gene & salt tolerant
genes in mega rice varieties through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding (MABC).
Development of Swarna Sub-1 by IRRI, Manila, Philippines is good beginning.
Field evaluation/testing is progress with IR 64 Sub-1 and Sambha Mahsuri Sub-1 at
our university. Similarly drought tolerant gene from Ajucena (a drought tolerant
japonica rice variety) is being introgressed in IR 64 and IR 64 isogenic lines
possessing relatively higher degree of drought tolerance have been identified. In
order to develop salt tolerant genotype for inland salinity areas, efforts are being
made to transfer Saltol gene in popular varieties following marker assisted
backcross breeding. Phenotyping of these introgressed lines developed by MABC
will be done in target environments to identify tolerant varieties to various abiotic
stresses.

Integrated crop management needs emphasis in future in order to increase

production and productivity of rainfed rice besides developing short duration
drought tolerant stable varieties responsive to low input for drought prone areas and
high yielding submergence & salt tolerance rice genotypes for flood prone and
inland salinity conditions.

Keeping in the view the global warming photo and thermo insensitive varieties need
to be develop for future.

To refine and develop simple and holistic IPM, IDM and INM approach for
increasing production and productivity of rice areas.
 CHAPTER-2
INTRODUCTION
OF COMPANY
 CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION OF COPMANY

Profile of Dhanuka Agritech Limited

Dhanuka Group has been actively involved in the service of Indian farmers for the
past 25 years and has been instrumental in providing crop specific, eco-friendly
high quality crop care products such as Dunet, Caldan, Kasu-B, Sheathmar, Targa
Super, Vitavax, Vitavax Power, Omite etc, through its international
collaborations, Recently the Group has entered into seeds and water soluble
fertilizers also.
Dhanuka Group has most modern, state of art manufacturing facilities in
Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Jammu & Kashmir. The Group R & D
Centre, recognized by Ministry of Science and Technology. Government of India,
is engaged in field research activities and supports in updating the manufacturing
facilities, to be in line with the international trends.

Dhanuka Group puts highly focused efforts to provide Indian farmers, and
understanding of different modern agriculture technologies, to ensure high quality
produce with increased profits, through its techno-commercial professionals and
national marketing network.
Dhanuka is a quality conscious; customer friendly and eco-friendly group
conscious for new molecules.
The group is committed to provide Customer Support Services in the area of
product of safety and disposals.
Brief history of Dhanuka Agritech Limited

Dhanuka Agritech Limited is engaged in manufacturing a wide range of pesticides

covering herbicides/weedicides, insecticides, fungicides, miticides, plant growth
regulators / stimulants in various forms liquid, dust, powder and granules and
reaching out to more than 10 million farmers. The Company has a pan-India presence
through its marketing offices in all major states in India, with a network of more than
7,500 distributors/ dealers selling to over 70,000 retailers across India. The Company
has technical tie-ups with 3 US & 5 Japanese companies.

The Company is managed by a good blend of both experienced and young team. The
founding promoters, Mr. R.G. Agarwal and Mr. M.K. Dhanuka oversee the whole
operations as the Chairman and Managing Director respectively and have been
involved with the Company since inception (for more than 25 years). They are ably
supported by team of young professionals including Mr. Rahul Dhanuka, Director
(Marketing), Mr. Mridul Dhanuka, Director (Operations) and Mr. Harsh Dhanuka,
SGM (Marketing).

The Company has three manufacturing units located at Gurgaon (Haryana), Sanand
(Gujarat) and Udhampur (J&K). More than half of the Companys sales comprise of
speciality molecules and the remaining comprises of generics. The product having
highest turnover is Targa Super and is in technical tie-up with Nissan Chemical
Industries Ltd., Japan.

The target customers of Dhanuka are farmers, planters and pest control operators.
Growth drivers would be the potential to intensify the marketing network and reach
the countrys interiors, increased farm income due to increase in MSP, increased
awareness in rural India about usage and cost-benefit tradeoff of pesticides, edge over
the competitors in the diverse product range and widespread market reach, increased
customer base, innovative marketing strategies and technical tie-ups. The Company
keeps adding new products every year and entering into new technical collaborations.

Took over a closed sick unit Northern Minerals

Pvt. Limited Took over a closed sick unit Northern
980
Minerals Pvt. Limited, Gurgaon; shifted to new
office at Daryaganj, Delhi.

1981 With Vision and

DeterminationWith
Vision and
Determination,
achieved turnover
 of Rs.17 lacs in the
first year itself.
Expanded to all
North Indian States
Expanded to all
North Indian
States,
Maharashtra &
Gujarat;
1984
modernized the
plant, added new
generics;
Inaugurated
Dhanuka
Agriculture
Research Center.
1985 Incorporated
Dhanuka
Pesticides Limited
Incorporated
Dhanuka
Pesticides Limited
and set up plant at
Sohna, Haryana for
 manufacturing
Synthetic
Pyrothrides,
mainly
Triumphcard and
Superkiller
(Fenvalrate and
Cypermethrin).
Dhanuka goes
Global and Signs
its first
Collaboration
Dhanuka goes
Global and signs
1992
its first
collaboration with
E.I. Dupont and
starts production
and sale of Dunet
40 SP (Methomyl).
1997 Started production
and marketing of
Caldan 4G Started
production and
 marketing of
Caldan 4G (Cartap
Hydrochloride)
and Caldan 50 SP
(Cartap
Hydrochloride) in
collaboration with
Sumitomo
Chemical
Company Ltd.
Japan.
1998 Growth demands more
space, Dhanukas
Registered
OfficeGrowth demands
more space, Dhanukas
Registered Office
shifted to Karol
Bagh,Delhi from Darya
Ganj, Delhi.
Dhanuka started
production and
marketing Sheathmar 3
L (Validamycin) in
 collaboration with
Sumitomo Chemical
Company Ltd., Japan.
Gurgaon Factory got
specialized equipment
for various formulations;
On-site NABL (Indian
GLP) Lab for
formulation
Development, Soil &
Water Testing etc;
Factory also got ISO
9001:2008 certification
for Quality assurance.
2000 Another addition in
the
PortfolioAnother
addition in the
portfolio, Dhanuka
started
manufacturing &
marketing Kasu-B
3 SL
(Kasugamycin) in
 collaboration with
Hokko Chemical
Ind. Company
Ltd., Japan.
2001 Set up unit at
Sanand, 2nd largest
Granule facility for
CartapSet up unit
at Sanand, 2nd
largest Granule
facility for Cartap,
Phorate,
Dhanzyme and one
of the largest
Dusting Powder
facilities in India.
Started production
and marketing of
Targa Super
(Quizalofop Ethyl)
in collaboration
with Nissan
Chemical
Industries Ltd.,
 Japan.
Dhanuka become
the preferred
choice among its
AssociatesDhanuk
a become the
preferred choice
among its
associates as they
repetitively
2003 collaborate for
manufacturing
quality product
with Dhanuka. In
the same year,
Company tied up
with E.I. Du Pont,
USA. For Hook
(Metsulfuron
Methyl)
2004 Dhanuka started
manufacturing of
AaatankDhanuka
started
 manufacturing of
Aaatank
(Carbosulfan) in
collaboration with
FMC Corporation,
USA; Qurin
(Chlorimuron
Ethyl) and Dhawa
(Indoxacarb) in
collaboration with
E.I.DuPont, USA.
2005 Entered into Joint
venture with
Otsuka Chemicals
of JapanEntered
into Joint venture
with Otsuka
Chemicals of Japan
for its
Pharmaceutical
division.
Dhanuka entered
into tie-up with
FMC Corporation,
 USA for their
product
Markar(Bifenthrin)
and E.I.Du Pont,
USA for Hi-Dice
(Copper
Hydroxide).
2007 Set up modern
manufacturing unit
at Udhampur.Set
up modern
manufacturing unit
at Udhampur: 12
lines for Liquids
and 2 lines for
Powder with
Online monitoring
of Quality and
Zero Water
Discharge; an ISO
9001, ISO 14001
certified unit.
Tied-up with
E.I.DuPont, USA
 for Cursor 40 EC
(Flusilazole)
Production with
Japanese
Technology2008
Production with
Japanese
Technology, in
collaboration with
2008 Otsuka Chemicals.
Dhanuka started
manufacturing
One-up (Spinosad)
in collaboration
with DOW
Agrosciences,
USA.
2009 Dhanuka started
manufacturing
NaboodDhanuka
started
manufacturing
Nabood
(Carfentrazone) in
 collaboration with
FMC Corporation,
USA; Also
introduced Qurate
Gold (Cymoxanil +
Mancozeb) in
collaboration with
E.I.Du Pont, USA.
2007 100% seed
treatment
campaign launched
by Government of
India & Dhanuka.
M/s 2020 Equity
Investors
Limited2010 M/s
2020 Equity
2010
Investors Limited,
FII bought 8.25%
of the Companys
Equity Shares.
2011 Dhanuka
introduced
WetcitDhanuka
introduced Wetcit
(Efficacy
Enhancer) in
collaboration with
Oro Agri, South
Africa.
Shifted the
corporate office to
the hub of Fortune
500 companies at
Cyber City,
Gurgaon.
Recognition by
Forbes in Asias
200 Best under a
Billion Companies
for FY2010.Rated
as one of the
fastest growing
company by
Business World
and Economic
Times Investors
Guide (June 2011).
2012 Introduced Brigade
(Bifenthrin) in
collaboration with
FMC
CorporationIntrodu
ced Brigade
(Bifenthrin) in
collaboration with
FMC Corporation,
USA.
Introduction of
semi-dwarf
fertilizer
responsive
cultivator- Lustre
in collaboration
with E.I.Dupont,
USA. The first
product registered
in Dhanukas name
u/s 9(3) of
Insecticides Act,
1968.
Dhanukas
 turnover crossed
INR 500 crores
milestone.
Asias 200 Best
under a Billion
Companies
Recognition by
Forbes for the
Second
Consecutive Year.
Recognition by
Inc. India 500 for
Indias Fastest
Growing Mid
Sized Companies
for the year 2011.
Recognition from
Inc. India 500 for
2013
second consecutive
Year

Dhanuka has an aggressive marketing strategy with a sales team of more than 500
full time employees and more than 1,000 Dhanuka Doctors. For getting best results,
it is very important to have knowledge about using the right product in right quantity
at the right time. For this, the Company conducts training programs for farmers by
giving product demonstrations, providing technical advice on right use of products
and about specific crop related problems at their door-step through Dhanuka Doctors.
The Company has mobile soil and water testing laboratories in Public Private
Partnership. Dhanuka has 83 brands and keeps adding new brands every year. The
Company has a wide range of pesticides to protect from most of the pests, insects,
diseases that affect crops and these products are used in all major crops produced in
our country.

Dhanuka Agritech Limited, a flagship company of Dhanuka Group, was acquired as

sick unit in 1980 with a meager sales turnover of 17 million INR, is today a unit of
over 900 million INR.

Dhanuka Pesticides Limited (DPL), was incorporated as a public Limited Company

under Indian Companies Act 1956 in the year 1985; primarily for manufacture of
technical grade pesticides namely Cypermethrin. DPL entered into technical tie-up
with E. i. Dupont De nemours & Co. Inc., USA. In the year 1992 to formulate, brand
and market on exclusive and all India basis, Methmyl- Brand name Dunet 12.5 L. A
28 year old, nearly dead molecule Methomyl, which to India third time, and finally
through our Group was recognised in the Indian market. In the first six months Dunet
sales was 232 KL and in the fourth year itself the sales of Dunet touched all time high
of 977 KL.
In 1984 Dhanuka Group established a Research & Development unit named
Dhanuka Agriculture Research Centre (DARC), to carry out in house field research in
process development. DARC is recognized by Ministry of Science and Technology,
Government of 1ndia.
In the year 1992 Group acquired another sick unit namely Rajasthan Insecticides
and Fertilizers Co. Pvt. Ltd. (RIFCO), mainly to make dust formulations. This unit
has crossed 10,000 MTs production in the third year itself.
On the other hand Northern Minerals Limited (NML) joined hands technically with
Uniroyal Chemical Company Inc., U.S.A. in the year 1999 to formulate and market
Carboxin (Vitavax 75 WP), Oxycarboxin (Plantvax 20 EC) and Diflubenzuron
(Dimilin 25 WP). We are in advance negotiation stage forfurther MOUs with few
other Within 17 years of its existence, the Group has diversified in Pharmaceuticals
Bulk Drugs manufacture activity, Dhanuka laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (DLPL) is
established in 1997 to manufacture Cephalexin, 7- A.D.C,A. and Simvastatin, Within
two years DLPLs turnover is 150 million INR and is all for exports. & just two
decades the group has touched a mark of 1500 million INR as Groups turnover.
Now, Dhanuka Group has completed 25 years. (Silver Jubilee).
Dhanuka Agritech Limited is engaged in formulation and marketing of plant
protection agro-chemicals, including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and plant
growth regulators. The Company's brand portfolio consists of over 80 products. The
Company offers a range of product categories, including Herbicides, such as TARGA
SUPER, NABOOD, HOOK, SULTOP, DYNOFOP, CRAZE, WEEDMAR
SUPER/WEEDMAR, NOWEED, BARRIER and OZONE; Fungicides, such as
Vitavax Power, Vitavax Ultra FF, Kasu-B, Sheathmar, Cursor and Hi-Dice;
Insecticides, such as OMITE, CALDAN 4 G, CALDAN 50 SP, DUNET, MARKAR,
AAATANK, DHAWA GOLD and AREVA, and Plant Growth Regulators, such as
DHANZYME, DHANZYME GOLD, DHANUVIT and WETCIT. The Company
offers its crop solutions for various crops, such as soybean, paddy, cotton, sugarcane,
potato, chilli, brinjal, onion and garlic, tomato, okra, and cabbage and cauliflower.
The Company has a network of approximately 8,800 distributors/dealers and
approximately 80,000 retailers across India.

Dhanuka Agritech Ltd., incorporated in the year 1985, is a Mid Cap company (having
a market cap of Rs 3436.34 Cr.) operating in Chemicals sector.
Dhanuka Agritech Ltd. key Products/Revenue Segments include Agrochemicals
which contributed Rs 906.36 Cr to Sales Value (99.81% of Total Sales), Wind Mills
which contributed Rs 1.05 Cr to Sales Value (0.11% of Total Sales), Other Operating
Revenue which contributed Rs 0.62 Cr to Sales Value (0.06% of Total Sales), for the
year ending 31-Mar-2016.

For the quarter ended 30-Jun-2016, the company has reported a Standalone sales of
Rs. 198.40 Cr., up 15.10% from last quarter Sales of Rs. 172.37 Cr. and up 9.97%
from last year same quarter Sales of Rs. 180.41 Cr. Company has reported net profit
after tax of Rs. 19.35 Cr. in latest quarter.

The companys management includes Mr.Mahendra Kumar Dhanuka, Mr.Mridul

Dhanuka, Mr.Om Prakash Khetan, Mr.Priya Brat, Mr.Rahul Dhanuka, Mr.Ram Gopal
Agarwal, Mr.Sachin Kumar Bhartiya, Mr.Vinod Kumar Jain, Mrs.Asha Mundra,
Mr.Kapil Garg, Mr.Vinod Kumar Bansal, Mr.Arun Kumar Dhanuka, Mr.Indresh
Narain, Mr.Kapil Garg.

Company has Dinesh Mehta & Co as its auditors. As on 30-Sep-2016, the company
has a total of 50,019,500 shares outstanding.

Research & Development

Dhanuka Agritech Limited, considering the imperative role of research and
development for quality products and services, from the very beginning took the
initiative for strong R&D and has today perhaps one of the largest R & D team led by
a highly acclaimed agri-scientist assisted by around 30 senior distinguished
Scientists/Technocrats, having vast experience of working in the Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR), State Agricultural Universities (SAU), and other
research organizations based at strategic locations across the country.
The Department has excellent liaison with SAUs, National Agricultural Research
Institutes, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK), Central Insecticides Board & Registration
Committee of the Government of India, and other such Institutions. It has the
necessary infrastructure to address issues of market forecast, assessment of pesticides
requirement in an environment of ever changing farming practices and agri-inputs,
product identification, on-farm product evaluation, creating awareness amongst
farmers on judicious use of pesticides, providing services for registration & product
development on project basis, etc.
III. Products of Dhanuka Agritech Limited

CALDAN 50 SP is an eco friendly effective against Rice Yellow Stem Borer

and Leaf Folder and other chewing and sucking insect-pest of various crops.

OMITE is a powerful true miticide belonging to an entirely new group sulphite

ester.

SHEATHMAR is a systemic antifungal effective for control of Sheath Blight of

Rice and Black Scruf of Potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani.

SHEATHMAR is highly effective against diseases caused by Rhizoctonia sp.

on certain vegetable crops..

DUNET is a broad spectrum carbamate insecticide with quick knock down action.
DUNET acts as contact and stomach insecticide effectively controlling pests with
ovicidal, larvicidal & adulticide activity.
 KASU-B is a broad spectrum systemic antibiotic fungicide cum bactericide
effective for control of Rice Blast and also various fungal and bacterial diseases in
vegetables and fruit crops

DHAWA is a new based insecticide, recommended for effective control of

Helicoverpa armigera

DIMILIN is an insect growth regulator for control of insect pests, particularly

belonging to Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera.

HOOK has excellent translocation action. Absorbed by leaves and roots within
four hours, hence later no effect of rain. Safer to wheat crop without any side effect.
No vapour action. Hence no effect on adjoining field of mustard, pea, sunflower etc.
if not directly sprayed on them.

QURIN is an effective post- emergence weedicides for effective control of broad

leaf weeds in soybean.

VITAVAX is a non - mercuric systemic fungicide for use as seed treatment for
control of seed-borne diseases in different crops.

EM-1 is based on Emamectin benzoate, a new generation broad spectrum

larvicide for effective control of Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera & Plutella
xylostella in Cotton and Vegetable crops.

NUKIL is a broad spectrum CHO compound insecticide having quick killing

action effective for control of all pests of Rice, Helopeltis and sucking insects in Tea,
etc.
 SIXER is a broad spectrum systemic and contact fungicide controlling various
fungal diseases affecting leaves, stems, flowers, fruits etc.

VITAVAX POWER is a systemic -cum-contact fungicide effective for control

of soil and seed born diseases of large number of crops,

TARGA SUPER is leading post-emergence herbicides for the control of

narrow-leaf weeds in broad leaf crops.

IV.Production Units of Dhanuka Agritech

Limited
NORTHERN MINERALS LIMITED: to formulate and market
Carboxin (Vitavax 75 WP), Oxycarboxin (Plantvax 20 EC) and Diflubenzuron
(Dimilin 25 WP).

DHANUKA PESTICIDES LIMITED: for manufacturing of

technical grade pesticides

DHANUKA AGRICULTURE & RESEARCH CENTRE: AN R

& D unit to carry out in-house field research, process development

NORTHERN MINERALS LIMITED, MANDIDEEP, and

BHOPAL: to make dust formulations

DHANUKA LABORATORIES LIMITED: diversified in

Pharmaceuticals Bulk Drugs manufacture activity
DHANUKA SEEDS:
Producer & distributors of certified and high quality seeds of cereals, vegetables,
oil seeds & pulses & fibres.

The Dhanuka Group has an excellent rapport with the farmers at the grass root
level through our experienced staff at 24 Regional Offices spread throughout the
country & is also backed by a strong network of distributors
/ dealers.

I. Collaborations of Dhanuka Agritech Limited

Collaboration Country Product

with
M/s.Chemtura USA DIMILIN 25 WP, OMITE 57
Corporation EC,VITAVAX 75 WP, VITAVAX
POWER
Sumitomo Chemical JAPAN CALDAN 4G, CALDAN 50 SP
Takeda Agro Co. SHEATHMAR 3L
Ltd.
Hokko Chemical Co. JAPAN KASU-B SL
Ltd
Mitsui Chemical Inc. JAPAN NUKIL 10 EC
Nissan Chemical JAPAN TARGA SUPER
Industries
E.I. Dupont USA DUNET, NUSTAR
FMC Corporation USA AAATANK , MARKAR
DANFURAN
Yara International NORWAY SAMADHAN
ASA
 V. Future plans of Dhanuka
Develop our own Research and Development. Set up Seed Testing Laboratory with
latest technology.Create strong and modern infrastructure in the production area.
Have overseas partnership with reputed International companies.
Grow out testing facilities.
 II. Vision, mission and objectives of Dhanuka

VISION- Farmers Prosperity Through Dhanuka Excellence.

MISSION- Life Enrichment Through Science.

OBJECTIVE-

Serve the Indian farming community with safer, Eco-friendly and quality
Agrochemical.

Support the grower on judicious and right use Technology.

Provide customer support services on usage and environment safety.

Pursue Research and Development growth bulk drugs.

 CHAPTER-3

RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER-3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 Location of study:
In the present scenario the project is done in Pilibhit district of Uttar
Pradesh.

Data collection:
Primary data and secondary data are used.

Primary data was collected from retailers as well as farmers.

Interview schedule was prepared to collect the primary data from retailers
& farmers.

Secondary data is collected from Extension Deptt. of C.S.A.

University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur and Agriculture Deptt.
Kanpur Mandal.

Sample size:
Total sample size is 115 out of which 5 Distributors, 10 dealers & 100
progressive farmers were taken as sampling size for the study.

Sampling unit:
Retailers and farmers of Pilibhit were defined as a sampling unit.Sampling
technique:

Convenient sampling was used as a sampling method.

Interview schedule:

Interview schedule of questions related to the awareness and satisfied

of retailers & farmers toward the seeds & also related to the quantity

of rice seed sold by the retailers.

Analytical tool:
Percentage method: It is value showing that out of 100
samples hoe many come under a particular category.
X
% = ---------------------- 100
Y
Where as
X = No. of respondent under particular category

Y = Total no. of respondents

 CHAPTER-4

ANALYSIS AND
DATA
INTERPRETATI
ON
CHAPTER- 4

ANALYSIS AND DATA INTERPRETATION

 1. Rice acreage in district

Total area of Pilibhit 314984Hac.

Total cultivated area 220399Hac (i.e. 69.97 of total area of Kanpur
Dehat)
Area under other crops 163977Hac...(74.4%)
Area under rice 56422 Hac. (25.6%)

Area under rice

Other crops Rice

Rice - 26%
Other crops 74%
Inference: Out of total cultivated area in Pilibhit on 74% area rice is grown and on
rest of area other crops are grown.

2. Varieties grown in Pilibhit

During study information from varieties was obtained from farmers and dealer of that
area. In Pilibhit most of the varieties grown are as under.
 Distribution of varieties according to farmers growing is as:
HYBRID VARIETIES
Farmer Dealer Distributor No. of
Variety Company price price price Yield Farme
PHB71 Pioneer 170 165 160 45-55 21
6444 Pro-Agro 180 170 165 50-55 31
JRS-1 Dhanuka 170 155 150 - 0
PAC-801 Advanta 175 170 165 45-50 4
PAC-832 Advanta 185 175 165 50-55 1
KRH-1 Namdhari 180 160 155 45-50 0
SRH-5151 Shakti 170 160 155 40-45 16
S-201 Spriha 160 150 145 45-50 9
S-261 Spriha 170 160 155 45-55 6
Pusa RH-10 Spriha 200 185 175 40-45 3
Dhanya Dhanya 170 160 150 40-45 1
Loknath-50 Nath Seeds 180 175 170 40-45 1
5017 Syngenta 185 180 175 70-75 0
Navaratna Nitya 160 150 145 35-40 0
9090 Kaveri 160 150 145 35-40 1
Durga Ganga Kaveri 170 165 160 40-45 0
Total Farmers Growing Hybrid Varieties 94

Others
12%
S-261
PHB71
6%
22% PHB
71
6444
S-201
SRH-
10% 5151
C S-
201
 6444
SRH-5151 33%
17%
INFERENCE: Out of 94 farmers who were growing hybrid varieties 33%
farmers are growing 6444,17% are growing SRH-5151, 225 are growing PHB-
71, rest of the farmers are growing other varieties asS=201, S-261.

O.P. VARIETIES

Farmer Dealer Distributor No. of

Variety Yield
price price price Farmers
Kranti 17 15 14 25-30 2
Sarju-52 18 17 16 25-30 0
Mahamaya 16 15 14 22-28 0
Narendra-359 16 15 14 20-25 0
Pant-10 15 14 13 25-30 0
Pant12 16 15 14 20-25 0

Total Farmers Growing O.P.Varieties 2

INFERENCE: Only 2 farmers are growing Kranti variety of O.P. rice.

BASMATI VARIETIES

No. of
Variety Compan Farme Dealer Distributo Yield Farmers
 y r price Price r price

Pusa 2
Basmati-1 Advanta 90 80 75 25-35
Sugandha-4 Rasi 70 60 55 20-25 1
Seeds
Golden 1
Basmati Shakti 250 235 220 25-35
No. of Farmers

GoldenBasmati25%

Grown Basmati varieties in Area:

PusaBasmati-150%

Sugandha-425%

INFERENCE: Out of 4 farmers who were growing Basmati varieties 2

farmers are growing Pusa Basmati 1,1 is growing Pusa Sugandha4, 1 is
growing Golden basmati.

3. Source of Seed

Information regarding source of seed was obtained from farmers. As 100 farmers
were selected as sample, some farmers were growing more than one type of rice as
hybrid, basmati, and/ or O.P. Some farmers were growing Basmati rice for only .2
hac area for self consumption only with hybrid or O.P. varieties.

Produ Self Purchased

Type cing p Exchan
rod Local
of rice Farmer uce Govt. Univers Mark Kanp Others ged
s d ity et ur
Basmati 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hybrid 94 1 1 7 72 11 2 0
O.P. 4 3 0 0 1 0 0 0
100 6 1 7 73 11 2 0
% 6 1 7 73 11 2 0

4. Market size for sale as seed

As total area under rice was about 56422 Hac and average seed rate was 20 kg seed
for one Ha. area. In 2007-08 market size for rice seed was 1128.440 M tone

5. Main companies supplying seed of rice

Spriha Bioscience Pvt. Ltd.

Shakti Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

PHI (Pioneer) Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

South Eastern Transgenic Seeds Pvt. Ltd.(Advanta India

Limited)
Nitya Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

Kaveri Seeds
 Ganga Kaveri Seeds

Dahnuka Agritech Ltd

Proago Pvt. Ltd.

Nam Dhari Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

Nath Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

6. Average yield reported in Pilibhit

During 2007-2008 average yield in Pilibhit was 114747m. Tonne and average
productivity was 20.330q per hac.

7. Procurement Agencies
In Pilibhit intermediaries play a vital role in procurement of rice as in last year 73%
farmers sold their produce to intermediaries and only 27 % farmers sold their price
to rice mills.
8. Farmers accepted qualities for selection of varieties

Quality High Medium Low Total

Milling 3 20 77 100
Cooking 79 19 0 100
Resistance 91 9 0 100
Yield 16 4 0 100
Price of seed 86 12 2 100
 100 91
90 86
77 79
80
70
Frequency

60
50
40
30
20 19 16
20 9 12
10 3 0 0 40 2
0
Milling Cooking Resistance Yield Price of
seed
High Medium Low Attributesaccepted qualities
9.Cultivation practise

Sowing For sowing of rice in Pilibhit area farmers usually adopt following methods
Seed Rate Seed rate for rice differs according to the type of rice farmers sowing
i.e. O.P., Hybrid or basmati rice

For O.P. Varieties: Fine

rice- 30 Kg seed per Hac.
Medium rice 35 Kg seed per Hac.
Course rice 40 Kg seed per Hac.
For hybrid varieties 14-19 Kg seed per Hac.
For Basmati varieties 22-30 Kg seed per Hac.

Time of sowing

Early Varieties Medium Varieties Late varieties

1-5 June 5-10 June 10-15 June

Area of nursery Area of nursery differs according to the type of rice farmers
sowing i.e. O.P., Hybrid or basmati rice. In Pilibhit ratio of nursery to field was found
as

Type of rice Area of nursery

Basmati 0.07 Hac, to 0.08 Hac.
Hybrid 0.06 Hac. to 0.07 Hac.
O.P. 0.06 Hac. to 0.07 Hac.

Field preparation After summer 2-3 ploughings were done and 10-15 days
before transplanting field was filled with water. In Pilibhit 62% farmers used FYM
@12 tone / Hac. before 2 weeks of transplanting
.
Transplanting Generally in Pilibhit 25 to 30 days old seedling for Hybrid and
Basmati varieties and for O.P. varieties 30 to 35 days old seedlings are used for
transplanting. Farmers have transplanted their seedling on as under
 Early Varieties Medium Varieties Late varieties
20-30 June 25 June-5 July 1 July 10 July

Spacing

Type of rice Spacing

Basmati 25x15 cm2 to 20x10 cm2
Hybrid 15x15 cm2 to 20x15 cm2
O.P. 15x15 cm2
Fertiliser Farmers use chemical fertilisers in the form of Urea, DAP, SSP, MOP
and for organic they use FYM. Average fertiliser used by a farmer for crop of rice in
this year as (in K.g.)

Type of rice Nitrogen Phosphorus Potash

Basmati 90-100 40 30
Hybrid 150-160 75 60
O.P. 120 60 60

Very few farmers (less than 5 %) used Zinc Sulphate for the supply of Zinc

Farmer applies full dosage of P and K and the time of field preparation before
transplanting. N was supplied in three dosages as half of the N was supplied at the
time preparation, one forth of N was supplied at early tillering stage and remaining
one fourth dosage before panicle initiation.
 Harvesting In last year farmers harvested their crop as
Early Varieties Medium Varieties Late varieties
90-120 days 120- 145 days 145-160 days
10. Main disease and pest
Pilibhit area is not too much affected by any disease and pest.

Disease: Main disease that are usually occur on rice are Blast
(Moderately),

Bacterial leaf blight (Moderately),

Khaira (Rarely),
Jhonka(Rarely)

Insect: main insect are

Termite(serious), (Cyclotermes
obesus) Ghundi (Leptocornis
acuta) Grasshopper, (Hieroglyphus
banian)
leaf folder(Moderately)(Marasmia exigua)

11.Some problems in Pilibhit

Many small farmers have not enough money that they can not purchase high priced
hybrid seed and they have to grow their old seed of O.P. varieties as result yield is
low.
CHAPTER- 5
Conclusion
 CHAPTER- 5

Conclusion

In Pilibhit Area Out of 314984Hac area in 24.6% area rice are grown and in rest of
thee area i.e. 74.45 area other crops like Wheat, Paddy, Maize, Pulses, Oil Seeds,
Sugar cane, Potato are grown.
In Pilibhit area 94 farmers are growing Hybrid varieties, 2 farmers are growing O.P.
varieties and 4 farmers are growing basmati varieties. Some farmers are growing
more then one varieties in their land.
In Hybrid varieties PHB-71(22%), S-201(10%), SRH-5151(17%) and 6444(33%) are
mostly grown.
Most of the O.P. varieties growing farmers are growing Kranti.
Basmati rice growing are growing Pusa Basmati-1(50%), Sugandha-4(25%), Golden
Basmati varieties (25%) 94% farmers are purchasing seed from various sources,
6%farmers are using self produced seeds and no one is using exchanged seeds.
Farmers who purchase seed they are purchasing 73% seed from local market, 7%
seeds from University, 1% seed from government agencies Average yield reported in
Pilibhit during 2007-2008 average yield in Pilibhit was 114747m. Tonne and average
productivity was 20.330q per Ha. Last year 73% farmers sold their produce to
intermediaries and only 27 % farmers sold their price to rice mills.

Most of the farmers are going for high yield as quality during purchasing seed.
 SUGGESTIONS

Dhanuka should go for aggressive advertisement and wide publicity through field
demonstrations, pump lets, posters, wall paintings and local daily radio channels as
seeing in believing at grower power.

There should meetings with farmers and Gram Pradhans on regularly basis to make
them aware about products, their use and advantages to them and to get feed back of
their product.

Company should develop high yielding varieties because in Pilibhit area most of the

farmers are more concerned about high yield rather then quality.

Free sample of seed should be give to some farmers so that a part of farmer can be
attracted by company in future.

The company should improve its distribution network because other companies are
focusing more on distribution
Transportation cost that is given return to distributors should be given total as from
company to distributors shop not for only up to Kanpur Railway station because
some distributors and dealers told that only Dhanuka is not giving full transportation
cost rest of the companies is are giving total transpiration cost.There should some
relaxation in credit facility given to distributors with certain time limit
Company should not give too much discount in comparison to distributors to dealer
who directly purchase product from company as it disturb distribution channel.
To educate farmers regarding modern technical promotional Programme may be
organized in the beginning of crop season.
Cost of the Dhanuka products should be comparatively reduced.
Timely availability of the product in right time and right place.
The company should conduct field trails of seeds in different locations.
The company should provide the dealers/retailers with a wide range of seeds with
good margin.
 CHAPTER- 6
BIBLIOGRAPH
Y
 CHAPTER- 6

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

Gupta, S.P. (1997) Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi

ICAR, Hand Book of Agriculture(2006)

Agrawal, R.L. (1998) Seed Technology, Oxford and IBH Publication, New
Delhi

Kothari, C.R. (1990) Research Methodology (Methods andTechniques),

Wishwa Prakashan, New Delhi

Kotler, Philip, (2007)Pearson Education Inc. Publishers (Singapore),

Marketing Management

Acharya S S and Singh, (2004) Oxford and IBM Publishers, New Delhi,
Agriculture marketing in India

Websites:

www.dhanuka.com
www.indiaseeds.com/rice
www.wikipedia.com/rice
www.kanpurdehat.nic.in/agriculture/rice

CHAPTER- 7
ANNEXURE
 CHAPTER- 7
ANNEXURE
Interview Schedule for farmers
1. Name..

2. Village.

3. Block.

4. Total cultivated area..

5. Area under rice production

Varieties grown Area

Total

6. Source of seed

Frequency(Please
mark) Source Reason Distance Quantity Often Sometime Always
s
Ag. Deptt.
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
S
e
lf
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
M
a
r
k
et
:
L
o
c
al
m
ar
k
et
Kanpur
Luckno
w
Delhi
O
h
t
e
r
s

E
x
c
h
a
n
g
e
d
Total
7. Source of information

Village trader/ Neighbour farmer/ Radio-TV/ Personal visit to market/

Visit to farmer fair/ KVK demonstration
8. Is there any promotion of company (Yes/No) if yes then
Company:
Frequency Rare/Not regularly /Always

9. Variety wise price

Varieties grown Price (2008) Price(2007)

10.Yield potential

Yield(Q/Ha)
Varieties grown Last year Average of last three years

Total
 11.Procurement agency

Varieties grown
Agenc
y

Total
2. Marketable and marketed surplus

Varieties Production Self Gift Exchan Labo Sold in Farmer Market

grown consumed ged ur market Price price

13.Farmer acceptance of quality (Please tick mark)

Quality High Medium Low

Milling
Cooking
Yield
Resistance
Price pf seed

14.Cultivation practice

Practice Time Frequency Rate Total amount

F
i
e
l
d

pr
 e
p
ar
at
io
n

Transplanting
Irrigation
Fertilizer
Chemicals
Weeding

15.Major disease and pest

Occurrence
Disease Insect
Sever Mild Rare

16.Other problems

(a) Fertilizer Availability/High price/Poor quality

(b) Chemicals Availability/High price/Poor

 quality

(c) Seed Availability/High price/Poor

quality

(d) Human labour Availability/High price

(e) Machine labour Availability/High

price/Poor quality

(f) Irrigation Availability/High price/Poor

quality

(g) Market Distant/Not fair

price/Too much
intermediaries/Delay in auction

(h) Storage Not available//high cost/loss in

quantity and quality

(i) Finance Not available/ high interest

(j) Information Not

available/Late/Insufficient/Misleading

(k) Seed certification No/only for some

varieties/All
 (l) Electricity Not
available/Rare/Periodically/Always
 (m) Transportation Not available/high
cost(2)Interview schedule for retailers/distributor
1. Firm name..
2. Owner name
3. Location..
4. Most demanded varieties
a) .
b) ..
c) .
d)
e) .
5. Companies supplying seed
Price
Variety Company
Distributor Dealer Farmer

6. Farmers acceptance of quality

Quality High Medium Low
Milling
Cooking
Yield
Resistance
Price of seed
7. Annual Sale
Variety Sale(Rs)