Assignment # 03

Submitted to Dr. Sheraz Malik

Submitted by Fatima Nazir

Department of Software Engineering, Government

College University, Faisalabad
 Assignment Topic.

Application of Automated Census in Pakistan

for Future Refrence.
Context:
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics has conducted a census recently in Pakistan. A large
amount of important information about population, education, employment,
migration and urbanization is to be collected in the most recent 2017 census. This
census will examine main features and key issues of the Pakistani population.

Problem:
The census is to be done manually and for this purpose the 70-day door-to-door
campaign will be concluded in two phases at a financial cost of around $18.5-
billion. In recent census more than 200,000 troops will assist civilian enumerators
in collecting the data. Nearly 120,000 specially trained government workers have
been deployed to undertake the much-needed census.

Solution:
The recent census in Pakistan that is being conducted after 19 years can be
automated by engaging IT professionals and software developers and designers.
Pakistani universities have been producing over half a million graduates, including
over 10,000 IT graduates, every year since 2010, according to HEC data. The
number of university graduates in Pakistan increased from 380,773 in 2005-
6 to 493,993 in 2008-09. By automating the future census system will offer job
opportunities to IT graduates and will reduce time, effort and resources in
collecting census data. It will ensure data accuracy and efficiency as well. Human
errors will be minimized. The collected data will be more reliable and less
redundant. Discussed here are some fundamental considerations in building a
computerized census data system and concerning the ways in which a system
might be developed will be discussed. The main objectives and features of the
future Population GIS of Pakistan will also be examined. [1]
 Main actors in Census System of Pakistan.

Institution Description Role

Federal National statistical 1. Planning and execution of
Bureau of services to provide solid decennial Population & Housing
Statistics and comprehensive Census.
(FBS) statistical research 2. Processing and dissemination of
data in the form of Census Reports.
3. Analysis of census data and
demographic research.
4. Evaluation of census results.
5. Inter-censal sample studies/surveys
in related areas.
6. Supply of census data to the data
users.
7. Tabulation of data to meet specific
demand of data users.
National Provides identification to 1. Regulates government databases.
Database & individuals-issues NICs 2. Statistically manages the sensitive
Registration to individuals registration database of all the national
Authority citizens of Pakistan
(NADRA) 3. Responsible to issuing the
computerized national identity
cards to all the citizens of Pakistan.
4. Securing national identities of the
citizens of Pakistan from being stolen
and theft.
Federal Governing authority 1. Administrative body of the country
Government 2. Set up legislation.

Provincial Administer the 1.Operates within a province

Government four provinces of Pakistan 2. Responsible for provincial
legislation

Table 1.1
 Demographic
data and
information

Planning
the census

Federal Bureau of Statistics

Processing
the census
data

Evaluating
the results

Tabulation
of data

Figure 1.1
Both Federal Bureau of Statistics and NADRA collaborate with each other in order
to maintain the records of citizens. [2]

Regulates
Database

Issues
NICs

Secure
national
identities
NADRA

Registration
of Database
of all
citizens

Figure 1.2
The census geography of Pakistan consists of following elements;

The Census Geography.

Country (Pakistan)

Cities Provinces Districts

Punjab Tehsils
Towns

Villages Sindh Towns

VC Baluchistan RC (Resident
Committiees)
(Village committees)

KPK

Streets
Tribal areas

Figure 1.3
 1- Challenges of Population Census in Pakistan:
The challenges that readily emerge are, firstly, how to deal with the expanding
population of Pakistan. From the benchmark estimates, the population of Pakistan
is estimated at 193.6 million people in 2016, according to the latest census figures.
Looking back, in the year of 1960, Pakistan had a population of 45.9 million
people. The population will continue to grow after replacement level. There are
other demographic shifts that would occur. [9] Other challenges have to do with
the issue of religion and ethnicity. However, it has been shown that religion
influences the way people think and behave. Studies have shown that population
has something to do with religion, among others. On ethnicity, scholars have
observed that ethnicity is a social tag by which ethnic groups want to be
identified. Even advanced countries like the United States of America have
ethnicity in their census questionnaires. It has however been shown that the ethnic
identity might continue to diminish in importance to some people as their social
and economic status continue to improve. The population of Pakistan represents
2.56 percent of the worlds total population which arguably means that one person
in every 39 people on the planet is a resident of Pakistan. [5]

Figure 1.4
 2- Description and Analysis of the Existing System:
The existing system is a system that is been carried out in terms of manual
operation, A system in which all the methods of storing demographic
data/information is of a manual approach. Critical analysis of this system reveals
that it is a system prone to a lot of errors and it is not effective. The system is in
such a way that the office is full of files. This tends to make the office look untied.
Also because of the inconsistency of the manual system, at times files are lost
because of mismanagement. [8]

Problems with Manual Census System:

Problems in the Existing System

Time wasted in Dullness and

searching/sorting boring Poor security
Data redundancy.
for information. experience of the and protection.
staff.

Problems in analyzing
Misplacing and demographic
mismanaging of data/information.
files.

Figure 1.5
 3- Characteristics of the New System:
It is expected that with the introduction of the new system, a lot of positive
changes will be noticed. The numerous problem associated with the manual
system will be minimizes, if not totally put to an end. [6] Computerized based
spec analysis system when implemented will enhance the work of national
population commission Enugu.

Objectives of the Proposed System:

Objectives of the Proposed System

To provide To eliminate the

To enable people To ensure easy
essential retrieving and error involved
understand their
information for updating of with the manual
community
government demographic method
decision making data/information.

To save the time wasted when

To employ IT professionals method analyzing
to utilize their skills demographic data/information.

Figure 1.6
Design and Implementation of the New System:
The major factor taken into consideration in the design of the new system is the
issue of storing Demographic data/information in an electronically format. The
new system has sections for population form and analysis record.

Figure: 1.7 Key development stages and components of census data system.
4- Functional and Non-Functional Requirements:
a) Ability to handle both numeric 1) Complete flexibility in dealing with
and alphabetic data with variable numeric or alphabetic characters.
length operands. 2) Preponderance of numeric in business
b) 12-bit word basic storage unit - - data makes this flexibility important
3 numeric or 2 alphabetic since it all allows an efficient use of
characters. memory space.
c) Central Processor is completely
transistorized. Core memory size 3) Choice of this word size incorporates
can vary from 4000 to 80,000 the memory efficiency advantages of
characters.~ 80,000 characters character addressing with the speed
can be construct as representing advantages of longer word lengths.
as many as 120,000 digits
because of the various ways of
representing data.
d) Additional memory modules may
be added.
e) Read-write cycle time is 6 is.
f) Accumulator is variable in length
from 1 to 8 words.

Command Structure

a) C-315 is a modified single

address system. Debugging
b) Variable length commands.
Simpler ones require 24 bits. a.) A flip-flop, which is under
More complex commands and program control, can cause the
input-output commands, in Processor to branch after every
general, require 48 bits. The instruction, greatly facilitating
greater proportion of commands program tracing. The branch
in a program requires only the address is taken from a special
shorter 24 bit instruction, thus registers external storage
lessening program storage space
needs.
c) Operand may be part of the
instruction.
d) Complete automatic indexing
 with all commands facilitates
relative addressing.
e) Full complement of arithmetic,
logical and data manipulation.

Automatic interrupt

a) To aid in optimizing input-output

time, the C-315 features
automatic interrupt which permits
a program in the Processor to be
interrupted any time an off-line
peripheral unit is ready or
finished.
b) May be inhibited entirely or
selectively by unit.

Input-Output
1) Wide variety of input-output
equipment makes for a balanced
system tailored to the users
needs. Simultaneous input, output
and computing is available with
all peripherals.
2) The 120 column buffered line
printer, which operates at 750-900
I pm, is available with a split
platen. As many as 3 operations
can proceed independently. The
C-315 also has available input
from up to 4 fully-buffered
Magnetic Ink Character
Recognition Reader/Sorters.
These units each operate at 750
documents, such as checks, per
minute, regardless of document.
Table 1.12
 5- Output Specification and Design:
The output of the design is a comprehensive report of the program. It is a
Computerized based spec analysis for the automated census system .The outputs
here are Number of male, number of female, number of transgender, total
population

6- Input Specification and Design:

The word input entails the various data supplied to the system which are
processed to give out an output. The input is supplied to the system using
keyboard and mouse. The inputs to the system are: Name, date of birth, sex, age,
marital status, home address, province and district.

Population collection form

1. Name;
2. Relationship with the household head;
3. Gender;
4. Transgender
5. Age; .
6. Nationality;
7. Status and nature of household registration;
8. Usual residence;
9. Education level;
10. Industry of employment;
11. Occupation;
12. Status of inactive and unemployed population;
13. Marriage status;
14. Fertility of women and number of their surviving children;
15. Fertility status since January 1, 1998.
Six items of information on households :
1. Household code;
2. Household type: family household or collective household;
3. Number of people;
4. Number of births;
5. Number of deaths;
6. Number of members of the household who have left the county or city for
more than one year.

The File Design

Table 1.7
Procedural Chart

Figure 1.8
System Flow Chart:

Figure 1.9
 7- System Requirements:
(a) Software Requirement:

The following software are needed for adequate implantation of the design.
1. Window 7/2000/xp
2. Visual Basic 6.0
3. Microsoft Access

(b) Hardware Requirement:

The following hardware is required for the efficient work of the system:
1. At least 20 gigabyte of hard disk
2. At least 128MB of RAM
3. At least 650MHZ of speed processor
4. At least Pentium II mother board
5. CD ROM
6. Floppy Disk

(c) Implementation of the New System:

Having considered the old system, the structure of the new system was being
prepared on paper. This involves a segmental designing method applied to the
structure for the new system. [2]
Structure Chart
 Figure 1.10

8- Program Flowchart:
During the database application program design, a modular designing approach
was used to design the program for the system. The design of the new system was
carefully developed into paper considering the old system. Flowchart was used as
an effective graphical representation of the program, as well as a design tool and it
is aided in the evaluation of a logical correct program. [8]

Program Flow Chart

Figure 1.11
 9- Choice of Programming Language:
To ensure a standardized object oriented program in its entire ramification, using
visual basic 6.0, Microsoft Access and Front Page. These entire programs are used
to ensure effective program.

10- Sources of Program Listing:

To be collected from the programmer who write the program.

(a) Test Data:

The accuracy of the program can tested with some varying data. This gives the
assurance that the new system with achieve its purpose and objectives.

(b) System Documentation:

The software is designed to be user friendly. It can be operated by anyone

irrespective of their education level provided that the instruction is followed. The
software runs on window operating system platform. The program also need
internet explorer.

(c) User Documentation:

i. Switch on the computer system.

ii. ii. At the desktop, click start button.
iii. iii. Select my computer
iv. iv. From the CD ROM, Select the Demographic program to load it.
v. Raw census data.
vi. Census data sets.
vii. Census data extraction software.
viii. The digital boundary data. GIS, modeling and analysis software.
ix. Value added census data products.
 11- Recommendations:

1. For an automated census system to be effective, there are following

recommendations for census commission ;

Having access to computers

Have a well-trained IT staffs

Strong and reliable database

2. Recommendations for the Government

Government should ensure necessary infrastructure.

Masses should be educated on the use of information technology.

12- Conclusion:

The manual approach to administration of the Federal Bureau of Statistics and

census commission poses a lot of problem to commission. With an automated
census system, national population data/information can be well collected,
processed and stored for future purpose. Initially, the main efforts should be
concentrated on the design of a standard data f format f or census data sets which
can easily be integrated with the spatial database. It is important at digital
boundary data for various administrative areas and relevant data extracting and
analysis software are made available. The funding of census data to government,
education and research community should be provided in principle by the
government. A central office of census data may need to be established to manage
and co-ordinate the provision of census data, spatial data and software to users.
 REFERENCES

1. Bracken, I. & Martin, D. The generation of spatial population

distributions from census centroid data. Environment and Planning A 21,
537-543.

2. Preston, S. (2000). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population

Processes. Blackwell Publishing.

3. Schutt, K. (2006). "Investigating the Social World: The Process and

Practice of Research". SAGE Publications.

4. Census Office and DPS (Eds.) (1993). The 1990 Population Census:
Essays Presented at an International Seminar. Census Office o f the State
Council and Dept. of Population Statistics of the State Statistical Bureau.
Statistical Publishing House.

5. Goss, J . (1995).Marketing the new marketing: the strategic discourse of

geo-demographic information systems. I n Ground Truth, the Social
Implications of Geographic Information Systems, Ed. J. Pickles, pp. 130-
170. New York: Guildford Press.

6. Batey, P. & Brown, P. (1995). From human ecology to customer targeting:

the evolution of geo-demographics. In GIS for Business and Service
Planning, Eds. P. Longley and G. Clarke, pp. 77-103. Cambridge: Geo
information International. Birkin, M. (1995). Customer targeting, geo
demographics and lifestyle approaches. In GIS for Business and Service
Planning, Eds. P. Longley and G. Clarke, pp. 104-149. Cambridge: Geo
information International.