DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC MATTER FROM SCHOOL

TOILET USING CaO TREATMENT

Scientific paper intending to follow the KIR competition

Arranged by :
KIR Group

XAVERIUS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LUBUKLINGGAU

LUBUKLINGGAU
2016/2017
 FORWARD
Praise and thanks to God for His mercy and grace, we pray that we can
complete this essay well. We are also grateful to our extracurricular
supervisor of KIR, who has guided us in writing this scientific paper.

Organic waste that has accumulated in the school environment motivates us

to process waste, composed of feces and urine, into compost liquid. The
subsequent use of the liquid compost can make our campus more green. This
liquid compost is more efficient compared with other types of liquid
compost.
We are aware that there are still many shortcomings in this report. We
therefore hope for criticism and constructive suggestions on this report to
further progress and perfect our scientific writing both now and in the future.
Hopefully this can be useful and add insight to the readers. If there are errors
either intentionally or unintentionally we apologize. Thank you.

LubukLinggau, 16 June 2016

Author

ABSTRACT
The study was initiated because of the amount of organic waste that has
accumulated in the school environment. Organic waste can be processed to
become liquid compost by using the existing waste in the toilets of the school, in
the form of feces and urine. Organic waste is waste from organic materials, such
as dry leaves, grass clippings, twigs, and food waste that has not been optimally
processed. This project is ideal because the material is easy to come by, this
research is rare, and the cost required is relatively affordable. Human feces
contain Coliform bacteria known as Escherichia coli and fecal Stretococci.pada.
Urine also contains bacteria Escherichia coli and nitrogen contained in the urine is
good for fertilizing the ground. Feces and urine are fermented and then the results
are combined with CaO in the ratio 1: 2 (20% of feces and urine) to neutralize the
pH of the planting medium and deadly E.coli bacteria found in feces and urine. In
this way it becomes liquid compost that is safe to use in fertilizing vegetables.
This compost can be used in the hydroponic method (beans, mustard greens, and
kale) with planting medium wood. Planting with hydroponics requires 8 liters of
compost to meet the nutrition of growing media. This study mainly uses the
method of data collection and processing. The conclusion of this study is that the
help of Escherichia coli bacteria found in feces and urine can accelerate the
degradation of organic waste into liquid compost that is odorless and can be used
as fertilizer in a planting medium. The content of inorganic substances, mainly
Nitrogen, Phosphate, and Potassium, contained in urine and feces can be sufficient
for good liquid compost. The liquid compost produced can be consumed either
engulfed or cooked. It is recommended that further research be made with direct
laboratory checks.
 PART I
PRELIMINARY

I.1 Background
Organic waste is waste that can be degraded and broken down into smaller,
odorless materials (often called compost). Easy to decompose organic waste
includes food scraps, vegetables, dried leaves, and so on. Trash can also be easily
decomposed by a natural process with a long time. Organic waste contained in the
school environment includes dry leaves, grass clippings, twigs, and food wrappers
that have not been processed optimally. Composting is the process of degradation
of organic material with engineering techniques and specific intent. Therefore, to
accelerate the degradation of organic waste coming from our schools we use the
help of Escherichia coli contained in the school lavatory waste, in the form of
feces and urine.
Feces is a solid body waste discharged from the colon through the anus during
defecation. Fecal material contains Coliform bacteria known as Escherichia coli
and fecal Stretococci. Urine is the liquid waste produced by the body, excreted by
the kidneys which will then be removed from the body through the process of
urination. In urine also contains Escherichia coli bacteria that can accelerate the
decomposition of organic waste, and nitrogen that is needed by plants.
Both of these wastes can be used as a bio-activator for the bacteria Escherichia
coli and its contents are allowed to be used as organic waste degraders. The
compost produced by these wastes can be used for all kinds of plants and is good
for a planting medium. The use of this liquid compost will reduce costs by using
waste that is considered useless. Products from the use of compost can also be
eaten either whole or cooked first.

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 ...........................................................................................................................
Waste from school toilets and organic waste that is processed into liquid compost
provides some positive effects when applied to the soil. Liquid compost is a safe
soil moisturizing ingredient. In addition, liquid compost can improve the soil's
ability to bind water and improve plant health through its nutrient content. Liquid
compost with fecal material and urine is also odorless.
This research was done because the materials used are easy to find, research is
rare, and relatively affordable cost required.

I.2 Problem Formulation

What is the process of degradation of organic waste in the school environment by
using school toilet waste?

I.3 Objectives
This research aims to:
know the process of degradation of organic materials using the school toilet waste,
produce compost that is safe, contains no pesticides and can be used for all types
of plants,
reduce organic waste in the environment of the school.

I.4 Benefits Research

The benefits of this research are as follows.
Creating a bio-activator of the main ingredients that are rarely used, namely
school toilet waste.
Overcoming the organic waste in the environment of the school.
Add to biodiversity, including in the school environment.
Liquid compost produced can be sold.
Making the liquid compost is more efficient.

1. Add insight into the feces and urine waste utilization for readers and
researchers.
2. As a motivation for further research for researchers.

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 CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

II.1 Organic Waste

Garbage is defined as goods or objects that have been discarded because they are
not used anymore (KBBI offline). Organic waste is waste that can be degraded
and broken down into smaller materials and odorless (often called compost).
Liquid compost is the result of weathering of organic materials such as leaves,
straw, weeds, trash, grass, and other similar materials includes processes of
accelerated weathering by human assistance (Badio, Sabjan. 2016. Wikipedia.).
Organic waste consists of materials such as organic waste from household and
industrial activity. Easy to decompose organic waste includes food scraps,
vegetables, dried leaves, pieces of wood, and so on. Organic waste can also be
easily described through a natural process and has stable chemical properties so
that these substances will settle into the soil, riverbeds, lakes and the sea, which
will influence the organisms that live in it. Organic waste is relatively safe when
compared with inorganic waste and hazardous waste.
Organic waste comes from living beings, whether human, animal or plant.
Organic waste is divided into two, namely:
1. Dry organic. dried organic waste is organic material such that the water
content is small. For example, paper, wood or twigs and dry leaves.
2. Wet organic, wet organic waste is waste that has a high water content. For
example, fruit peels and leftover vegetables,

In essence, the organic waste can be used as materials for liquid compost
economic value. The process of making organic fertilizers conservatively takes 8-
12 weeks, whereas when using the new system (Extra inoculant) only takes 4 to 8
weeks and the results are better. Differences between the composting process
apparently lies in the method and the substance of inoculants (EM-4, dung, and
worms). This usually requires a relatively short time so it is more efficient.
Making the liquid compost in a new way, has been tested on horticultural crops,

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and the result is better than using a liquid compost processing results
conservatively (Asngad, 2005)
Liquid compost fertilizer itself is not the main substrate but when given to
soil can improve soil texture, because the liquid compost can improve biological
activity in the soil, which causes earthworms to thrive and leads to a more
crumbly soil so that plants can grow well. The soil structure can be improved by
increasing the porosity of the soil so that the soil becomes loose. Differences in
the technique related to the factors that affect the process of decomposition
(degradation) material - waste materials, namely aeration, temperature, humidity,
type of bodies decomposing (decomposers), the type of waste, the condition of
waste (intact or cut first and the size of the chunks ) as well as the material -
additional materials such as ash and lime.

II.2 Role of Bacteria Escherichia coli in Composting

In the health sector, the E. Coli bacteria inside the human colon serves to
suppress the growth of bad bacteria. These bacteria also helps in the digestive
process including decaying remnants of food in the colon. Another function of E.
Coli is helping to produce vitamin K through the decay process the rest of the
meal. Vitamin K functions for blood clotting, such as for example when there is
bleeding in the wound / nosebleed vitamin K can help stop it.

Saprofit decomposers including bacteria have the ability to decompose the

other organisms, such as animals or plants that have died and breaks down dead
organism into other elements that will be returned to nature. The workings of this
bacterial decomposition is to describe organic compounds into ammonia gas,
carbon dioxide and other compounds are simpler. The process is done through a
process of decomposition and degradation processes of biomolecules
ammonification then goes into the nitrogen cycle that is then used by other
organisms. Examples of bacterial decomposition is Escherichia coli bacterium
that is widely available in the septic tank.
Decomposition in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic) causes the organic
material to become ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane (CH4) and

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other simple compounds. While under conditions sufficient oxygen (aerobic),
decomposition will produce H2O and CO2, as well as other compounds in the
form of nutrients. Therefore, the existence of this type of bacteria saprofit, has a
very important role in the mineralization in nature. In this way, the bacteria rid the
world of organic waste. Without the presence of such microorganism earth will be
filled by organic waste. This will make all the material coming from the bodies of
dead alongside the living bodies. Microbial decomposers or decomposers serves
to degrade organic waste (urban waste, agriculture, livestock, stool, urine, food
scraps and other organic material).
The bacteria also play a role in the process of fermentation composting.
Fermentation is easy to do is anaerobic fermentation. Through this fermentation of
manure (solid or liquid) degradation produces not only a liquid organic fertilizer
which is good, but also in the form of high-energy biogas. (Joo. Y.H, 1990)
The principle of this is the destruction of anaerobic fermentation of organic
chemicals by microbes in the range of temperature and anaerobic conditions.
Research on the type of bacteria to the anaerobic fermentation has started since
1892 until now. There are two kinds of bacteria involved are facultative bacteria
which convert cellulose into glucose during the initial degradation and bacterial
obligate the response in the final degradation of organic material that produces a
very useful material and alternatives in the countryside. (Joo. Y.H, 1990)
The process of anaerobic fermentation composting of urine and feces
involves anaerobic bacteria, bacteria that can not use the free O2 to respire.
Energy is derived from the process of reforming organic compounds without
using oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria can be divided into obligate anaerobes and
facultative anaerobes.
Obligate anaerobic bacteria are bacteria that can only live without oxygen.
Examples are Microccocus denitrificans, Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridium
tetani. While facultative anaerobic bacteria are bacteria that can thrive only if
there is oxygen. Facultative bacteria produce ATP by aerobic respiration and are
also capable of performing the fermentation. For example, Escherichia coli and
Lactobacillus.

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 II.3 Functions CaO
Lime or also known by the chemical name calcium oxide (CaO), is the
result of burning quicklime (calcium carbonate or CaCO3) at a temperature of
approximately 90 degrees Celsius. The function of the CaO in this study is as a
killer of the bacterium Escherichia coli found in feces and urine and to neutralize
the pH of the planting medium.

Characteristics II.4 Feces and Urine

A normal person is expected to produce an average daily stool about 83
gram and produce urine of about 970 grams. Both types of human excrement is
mostly in the form of water, consists of organic substances (about 20% to 2.5%
for the feces and urine), as well as inorganic substances such as nitrogen,
phosphoric acid, sulfur, and so forth. (Anwar, 1995: 74)
At each gram of feces contains millions of microorganisms that are
generally not harmful to health. However, the potential feces contain pathogenic
microorganisms, especially when the man who produced it suffered from the
digestive tract (enteric or intestinal diseases). The microorganism can be a
bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites or worms. Coliform bacteria known as
Echerichia coli and fecal stretococci (enterococci) that is often found in the human
digestive tract, removed from the body of humans and warm-blooded animals
other large amounts on average about 50 million per gram.
Urine is the liquid remaining is excreted by the kidney which will then be
removed from the body through the process of urination. Bacteria in urine can be
detected through laboratory procedure called urine culture and sensitivity test.
Although urine is a waste product, this is a sterile fluid which is free of microbes
and toxic chemicals. Some common types of bacteria in the urine is Echerichia
coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Lactobacillus, and Proteus. In
the human body, Echerichia Coli was found in the lower part of the intestinal
tract. This bacterium is excreted in the feces when defecation. A likely if
Escherichia coli from stool or in the course of the rectum into the urethra, move
up to the urinary tract.
The properties of normal urine:

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 Volume: in adults 600 - 2500 ml / day, depending on the incoming water,
the temperature of the environment, food, physical and mental state.
Reaction: acidic with a pH of approximately 6.0 (4.7 to 8.0). In acidosis,
the reaction is very acid and alkaline in alkalosis, also depends on the food intake.
When urine is allowed, then the reaction will be the basis for changes in urea into
ammonia.
Color: normal pale yellow to yellow, also depends on the volume. Dyes
contained in the urine is urokhrom, urobilin and hematoporfirin.
Urine contains 4% solids and 96% water. Solids contained in the urine is
as follows.
Urea, water, and ammonia as the rest of the protein reshuffle.
Bile pigment that gives the yellow color of urine.
Excessive substances in the blood such as vitamins, leftover drugs,
hormones, and chemicals from food.
1. Salts, especially salt.

The scientists believe the urine works so effectively when mixed together with
other materials. For example, a mixture of liquid organic material with urine
decreases the amount of nitrogen that is lost in the urine. Meanwhile, the two
materials are also working to produce more carbon needed by plants.

II.5 bio-activator functions

Bio-activator function are as follows.
1. Fixing the physical, chemical and biological soil.
2. Inhibit the growth of plant pests and diseases in the soil.
3. Help increase the capacity of plant photosynthesis.
4. Provide nutrients for plants and assist in the absorption and distribution of
nutrients from the roots to the leaves.
5. Improving the quality of organic matter as fertilizer.
6. Improving the quality of vegetative and generative plant growth.
7. Increasing crop production and maintain the stability of production.
8. Ferment and decompose organic matter to the soil quickly.

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 9. Provides nutrients that plants need.
10. Increase the diversity of beneficial microbes in the soil.
11. Produce energy, for example in the production of biogas.

II.6 Benefits and Advantages Liquid Compost

1. Benefits of liquid compost are as follows.
2. Fertilize crops.
3. Maintaining the stability of the nutrients in the soil.
4. Reducing the impact of organic waste in lingkungansekitar.
5. Help revitalize soil productivity.
6. Improve product quality.
7. The advantages of liquid compost are as follows.
8. Easy to make.
9. Cheap price.
10. No adverse effects to the environment and plants.
11. Can be used to control pests on the leaves (bio-control), such as
caterpillars on vegetable crops.
12. Secure because it does not leave a residue.
13. It does not pollute the environment.

CHAPTER III
WRITING METHODOLOGY

III.1 Research Samples

The sample was curly lettuce, mustard greens, and kale.
III. 2 Research Sites
Research Sites in Xavier Sr. High School Lubuklinggau, Jl Tread Width II / 449,
Lubuklinggau, South Sumatra.
III.3 Tools and Materials
The tools used:
1. Pipe 4
2. Elbow Pipe 4

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 3. T Pipe 4
4. Water pump
5. Plastic Drum
6. Iron
7. Pipe 1
8. pipe 0,5
9. Faucet hose 0,5
10.Sieve pumps
11.L Pipe 1
12.L pipe 0,5
13.Oversock
14. Cable Ties
The materials used:
1. Feces
2. Urine
3. sawdust
4. Agar Gelatin cake
5. eggs
6. sugar
7. water
8. organic waste
9. CaO

III.4 How it works

Steps to making liquid compost:

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 1. Take stool and urine using a pump water from septic tanks, stuffed into
a plastic drum with 3 2/3 dose of organic waste
2. Let sit for a little over a week until the fermentation stops.
3. Incorporate CaO in the ratio 1: 2 (20% feces and urine) into three drum
until the pH becomes neutral..
Steps to making hydroponic system:
1. Prepare stacking pipes as shown in the image below :

80cm
40cm

Steps :
Diameter of planting holes : 6,5 cm, there are 11 holes to plant
2. Fill the hydroponic solution into the pipe.
3. Insert the plastic bottles that have been drilled into the pipe.
4. Plant seeds and observe development.

III.5 Observation table

Week # Jumlah Helai Daun

Long beans mustard greens Water kale

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 1
2
3
4
5

III.6 Data Processing methods

Statistical methods.
Tabulation of data.
Draw conclusions from the data collected.

REFERENCES

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https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?
story_fbid=257777644285620&id=257676554295729
http://cerita-dari-itb.blogspot.co.id/2012/09/pupuk-organik-cair.html
http://www.wedaran.com/19075/berbagai-jenis-bakteri-dalam-urin/
http://www.agriculturesnetwork.org/magazines/indonesia/24-tanah-yang-
hidup/kotoran-manusia-sebagai-bahan-penyubur-
tanah/at_download/article_pdf
http://syafareenariska.blogspot.co.id/2012/07/judul-karakteristik-dan-
pembentukkan.html
http://www.pengertianilmu.com/2015/03/pengertian-limbah-organik.html
http://www.emingko.com/2011/06/manfaat-dan-bahaya-bakteri-e-coli.html
http://www.bimbingan.org/pengurai-atau-bakteri.htm
https://aguskrisnoblog.wordpress.com/2012/01/06/peran-mikroorganisme-
dalam-pembusukan-sampah-organik/
https://aguskrisnoblog.wordpress.com/2011/11/16/peranan-mikroorganisme-
pada-fermentasi-pembuatan-pupuk-kandang-dari-urine-sapi/
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapur_tohor
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampah_organik

15
 LAMPIRAN
RincianBiaya
1. Pembuatan Media Hidroponik

NO NAMA BARANG JUMLAH HARGA TOTAL

SATUAN
1 PIPA PARALON 4 4 110.000 440.000
2 PIPA ELBOW 4 12 23.000 368.000
3 PIPA T 4 6 30.000 180.000
4 POMPA AIR 1 395.000 395.000
5 DRUM PLASTIK 6 260 1.560
.000 .000
6 SERBUK KAYU 1 karung 5
.000 5.000
7 BESI SIKU 4 85 34
.000 0.000
8 PIPA PARALON 1 1 33.000 33.000
9 PIPA PARALON 0,5 1 19 19.000
.000
10 KRAN 6 10 6
.000 0.000
11 CaO 2Kg 17 3
.500 5.000
12 SELANG 0,5 20m 5000/m 10
0.000
13 SARINGAN POMPA 1 12.000 12.000
14 PIPA ELBOW 1 3 4.000 1
2.000
15 PIPA ELBOW 0,5 3 3.000 9.000
16 OVERSOCK 2 6.000 1
2.000
17 KABEL TIES 5 BUNGKUS 24 12
.000 0.000
18 LEM PARALON 2 5000 10.000
Total 3.698

16
 .000
1.

2. PerhitunganBiaya
Pengeluaran
1. Pembuatan Media : Rp 3.698.000,00
2. Bibit

NO NamaBibit Jumlah Harga

1 KacangPanjang 1bungkus(250 benih) Rp 10.000
2 SawiHijau 1bungkus(250 benih) Rp 10.000
3 Kangkung 1bungkus(500 benih) Rp 11.000
1.

3. OngkosKerja : Rp 1.350.000,00
Hasil
1. PenjualanProduk:

NO JenisKomoditas Jumlah Harga

1 KacangPanjang 1 pot Rp 5.000
2 SawiHijau 1 pot Rp 5.000
3 Kangkung 1 pot Rp 5.000
4 LarutanHidroponik Untuk 1 pot Rp 2.500
1.
2. PenyusutanAlatatau Media:
(Hargabarang-nilaisisa) :waktupemakaian
= (3.227.000 1.000.000): 5
= 2.227.000:5
= Rp 445.400 (PenyusutanPerTahun)

17
 = Rp 37.000 (PenyusutanPerBulan)
3. Biaya Total : 1.350.000+ 37.000+31.000
: 1.418.000
Keuntungan :Hasil-Modal
= (159 5.000)+(1595.000)+(1595.000) 1.417.000
= 795.000+795.000+795.000 1.417.000
= 2.385.000-1.417.000
= Rp968.000(keuntungandalamwaktu 2 minggu)
= Rp 968.000 2
= Rp 1.936.000 (keuntungandalamwaktu 1 bulan)
Keuntungan di atas belum termasuk keuntungan dari penjualan
larutan hidroponik untuk penanaman lanjutan.
Jika diterapkan untuk produksi maka kita harus menjual 477 pot
tanaman hidroponik dari 3 unit perangkat hidroponik selama 2
minggu. Polapenanamannyaharusbertahap, 2 mingguharusmenanam
10benihuntuksetiap pot.

Kesimpulan :Cukupmenguntungkan

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