Experiment 1 Models

Objectives:
Getting introduced to different devices used in fluid
mechanics applications so if you see it in the
industrial world you will know what you are dealing
with , and also to do further research on this
devices to know more information about their
structure and theory of operation .

The Devices:
Multi-Stage Pump
Submerged Centrifugal Pump
Double Eye Suction Impeller
Swash Plate Piston Pump
Gear Pump
Hydraulic Jack
Nozzle
Telescopic Cylinder
Hydraulic Cylinder
10 Directional Control Valves
3 Position, 4 Way, Spring-Centered, Solenoid-
Operated Directional- Control Valve
Francis Turbine
Kaplan Thrust Propeller
Pelton Wheel
Picture :
 Submerged Centrifugal Pump

Experiment 2 Hydraulic setup

Objectives:
Getting the pump efficiency
Getting the performance curve of any centrifugal
pump

Procedures:
First, we connect the pump with the electric motor
and check that its tied and coupled with the motor.
Check that the delivery valve is closed before
starting the electric motor Operate the electric
motor to start the pump at a certain speed

Get the efficiency of the pump by:

1. Measuring the input power by measuring the rpm

of the electric motor using the Revometer , then to
measure the force caused by the electric motor on
the spring scale and multiplying it with the radius
of the motor casing to get the torque of the electric
motor then substitute in the power equation =
to get the input power.

2. Measuring the output power by measuring the

output flow rate of the pump using the venturi and
measuring the head of the pump using the gauge
pressure connected to the pump discharge then
substitute in the power equation =

3. Getting the efficiency by dividing the output to

input power to get the pump efficiency

Finally, for getting the performance curve for the

same speed, we work on three cases for the fully
closed discharge valve, for partially opened
discharge valve and for fully opened discharge
valve.

Readings:
: Picture
 Experiment 3 Positive
Displacement Pumps
Experiment (3-a): Single Piston Pump without
Damping:
Objective:
Demonstrating the operation of reciprocating pump
.without damping

Procedures:
1. Check that delivery valve is opened & suction valve
is closed
2. Operate the electric motor then open suction valve
3. Operate the pump at low speed
4. Increase the speed gradually
5. Observe the reading of pressures of suction and
delivery gauge
6. After the observation close the suction valve and
switch of the motor

Experiment (3-b) Part One: plunger pump

with damper:
Objective:
Analysing performance of plunger pump with air
vessel

Procedures:
1. Check that delivery valve is opened & suction
valve is closed
2. Operate the electric motor then open the
suction valve
3. Controlling delivery pressure using delivery
valve
4. Taking reading of suction and delivery pressure
 5. Measure discharge using collecting tank and
stop watch
6. Switch off experiment

Experiment (3-b) Part Two: Gear pump:

Objective:
Analysing the performance of gear pump

Procedures:
1. Check that suction valve is opened & delivery valve
is closed
2. Operate the electric motor then open suction valve
3. Regulate the delivery pressure using suction valve
4. Take reading of suction and delivery pressure
5. Switch off experiment

Picture :

Experiment 3-a
Experiment 3-b ( Part one Part two )

Experiment 4 Centrifugal Pumps

Part One: Series and Parallel Centrifugal
Pumps
Objectives:
The system contains two similar centrifugal pumps.

The purpose is to study the performance curves (H-

Q) three times:
1) When only one pump is operating.
2) When the setup of the system is in series
orientation/ scheme.
3) When the setup of the system is in parallel
orientation/ scheme.

Single Pump Procedures:

1. Before using the equipment ensure that the reservoir is

filled with clean water.
2. Follow the following route of water flow: Suction Tank
suction pipe (1) suction valve (1) delivery valve (2)
common delivery valve and the Other valves are
closed
3. Switch on Pump (1) motor and pump (2) motor .
4. Regulate the discharge using the common delivery
valve
5. Take the appropriate reading using the connected
meters; Manometric head and orifice manometer.
6. Record the readings and compare it with curves given in
the lecture

Series Pumps Procedures:

1.Before using the equipment ensure that the reservoir is
filled with clean water.
2.Follow the following route of water flow:
Suction Tank suction pipe (1) suction valve (1) Pump
(1) delivery pipe (1) valve (3) Pump (2) delivery
pipe (2) common delivery valve
Other valves are closed
3. Switch on Pump (1) motor and pump (2) motor

4.Regulate the discharge using the common delivery valve

5.Take the appropriate reading using the connected
meters; Manometric head and orifice manometer.
6. Record the readings and compare it with curves given in
the lecture.

Parallel Pumps Procedures:

1.Before using the equipment ensure that the reservoir is
filled with clean water.
2.Follow the following route of water flow: Suction Tank
suction pipe (1) suction valve (1) Pump (1) delivery
pipe (1) delivery valve (2) common delivery valve
Suction Tank suction pipe (2) suction valve (2) Pump
(2) delivery pipe (2) delivery valve (2) common
delivery valve , Close valve (3)
3.Switch on Pump (1) motor and pump (2) motor
4.Regulate the discharge using the common delivery valve
5.Take the appropriate reading using the connected
meters; Manometric head and orifice manometer.
6. Record the readings and compare it with curves given in
the lecture.

Part Two: Single Centrifugal Pumps

Objectives:
Determining the performance curve (h-Q) of a
single centrifugal pump.

Procedures:
1.Before using the equipment ensure that the reservoir is
filled with clean water.
2.Follow the following route of water flow: Suction Tank
suction pipe (1) suction valve (1) delivery valve (2)
common delivery valve
Other valves are closed
3.Switch on Pump (1) motor
4.Regulate the discharge using the common delivery valve
5.Take the appropriate reading using the connected
meters; Manometric head and orifice manometer.
6.Record the readings and compare it with curves given in
the lecture.

Experiment 5 Flow Compound

Objectives:
Calibration of the hydraulic devices by measuring
their theoretical flow rate and comparing it with the
actual flow rate .

The Devices:
1. Venturi tube. 2. Orifice meter. 3. Shunt
orifice. 4. Pitot tube. 5. Rotameter.

Readings:
Picture:

Experiment 6 Measuring benches

Objectives:
Calibration of three different types of pressure
transducers and pressure gauge measuring
pressure in the system supplied by the main
compressor of the lab.
Calibration of vacuum pressure gage.

Procedures:
1. We first operate the compressor at a certain flow
rate.
2. We take the readings from the three pressure
transducers and the pressure gauge then take the
reading of the pressure from the test gauge
bordon.
3. We change input flow rate of the compressor to
the system and measure different pressures like the
previous step.
4. Plot a graph for the readings of the four devices
versus the calibrated pressure

Picture:

Readings:
 Experiment 7 Hydraulic Circuit
Objectives:
1- To understand the working principle of the fork
lift hydraulic circuit.
2- To illustrate the main components setup and
operation in the hydraulic circuit of the forklift.

Circuit Components:

1- Electric motor 2- Tank 3- Pump 4- Filter 5- Safety

Valve 6- 4/3 Manually operated Directional
 Control Valve 7- Pilot operated Check
Valve 8- Pressure compensated Flow Control Valve
9- Hydraulic Cylinder 10-Pressure Gauge

Procedures:
The fork lift operates with two degrees of freedom,
up, down, and tilting.

The 2 hydraulic cylinders are responsible for the

two motions .The cylinder that is responsible for
tilting its down motion is controlled by a pressure
compensating flow meter to control it under high
loads. The cylinder that is responsible for going up
and down, its down motion is controlled by a
pressure compensating flow meter to control it
under high loads. The pump suction line is less rigid
than the whole system lines because its the only
line that is not affected by large pressures. Both of
the directional control valves are located in one
package. Well notice that the safety valve wasnt
apparently exited in the system, so we concluded
that its internally located inside the Directional
control valve package.

Experiment 8 Wind Tunnel

Objectives:
The main objective of this subsonic wind tunnel is to
measure the velocity, lift force, and drag force of models
being tested in it.
1) The body velocity is measured using pitot static tube
which measure the stagnation and the static pressure, we
can measure the dynamic pressure from their difference and
then we can calculate the velocity
2) The lift and frag force could be measured by the following
procedure:
a. The body is put on two balance bars on the two axis and
initially the two balance bars are balanced.
b. When the drag or the lift force is applied, the bar is
unbalanced, there is a sliding weight which can rebalance
the bar again, by having data bout the weight and distance
displaced to balance the bar we than then calculate the
balancing torque and then we can calculate the drag or lift
force applied.

Picture: