DECISION MAKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING
Stereotype people thoughts or beliefs
Nature and Process of Decision Making
Decision Making it is the process of
examining your possibilities and option,
comparing them, and choosing a course of
action
TYPES OF DECISIONS
Program Decision structured decision
or recurs with some frequency or both.
Non programmed decision relative
unstructured decision or occurs much
less often a programmed decision
DECISION MAKING PROCESS the process of Origins of Prejudice
reorganizing and defining the nature of decision
situation.
PROBLEM SOLVING a systematic approach
to defining the problem.
- Creating a vast number of possible
solutions without judging theses solution
STEPS IN DECISION MAKING PROCESS
Step 1 What is the problem?
Step 2 Accepting the problem
Step 3 Analyze the problem in detail
Step 4 Identify likely causes
Step 5 Define actual causes
Creative, Problem Solving and Decision
Making
Creative Problem Solving method for
approaching a problem or a challenge in an
imaginative and innovative way
- Special form of problem solving
- Involves creativity
- Part of overall problem solving
WAYS TEAMS MAKE DECISIONS
1. Decision by lack of response one
idea after another is suggested without
any discussion taking place.
2. Decision by Authority rule the
leader, manager, committee head, or
some other authority figure makes a
decision for the team
3. Decision by minority rule 2 or 3
people are able to dominate or railroad
the team into making a decision that
they prefer.
4. Decision by majority rule formal
voting
- Members may be polled to find the
majority viewpoint.
5. Decision by consensus full
discussion leads to one alternative being
favored by most members, and the other
members agree to support it.
6. Decisions by unanimity the ideal
state affairs.
Unanimity means that all team members
agree on the course of action to be taken
CREATIVITY IN TEAM DECISION MAKING
1. Brainstorming spontaneous group
discussion
2. Nominal Group Technique creativity intentionally set to exclude members of specific
within a group framework by allowing
everyone to offer ideas individually.
- Structure interaction among team
members.
Harmful Attitude
1.
about specific group
2. Prejudice is how you feel as a result of
the stereotypes you believe in.
3. Discrimination your behavior or what
you do as a result of your stereotypes
and prejudice.
- acting or intending to act or being
inclined to act on prejudicial attitude.
Prejudice means prejudge
- Negative feelings or evaluation about
people and groups that are stereotype.
1. Social Prejudice need to feel higher
in status than others.
2. Cognitive prejudice need to
categorize and stereotype people.
3. Emotional prejudice habit or
ethnocentrism.
** The Mass Media also creates prejudice
advertisements often portray men as authority
figures and women as sex objects.
Cognitive Categorization mind quickly
sorts information into categories to function
efficiently.
- Prejudice originates from this
Emotional Causes of Prejudice
Ethnocentrism belief that ones
ethnic group is more normal than others.
Scapegoating practice of unfairly
blaming others when things go wrong.
Bias is caused by prejudice it is the tendency
to judge people before knowing them.
Different kinds of Discrimination
1. Racism prejudged and discrimination
based race.
2. Economic prejudice struggle and
resentment between the haves and have
not. Poorer or wealthier.
3. Sexism - prejudged and discrimination
based on gender.
4. Male Chauvinism feeling of male
superiority over female.
5. Overweight people prejudice
overweight people.
6. Homosexuality most emotional and
controversial issues.
7. Ageism/ the elderly older people are
slower and less healthy.
8. People with disabilities
Rehabilitation Act 1973 that allows them
to enjoy most benefits
9. Religious Groups accommodate
employees who express a need to
practice their religious belief at work.
10.Pregnant Women now illegal because
they severely affect the hiring decisions
and hurt womens chances for
employment and advancement.
Institutional Racism and Sexism caused
by policies in the workplace those are not
groups or treat them differently.
The Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission (EEOC) was established to
monitor the laws set in place by the amended
Civil Rights Act of 1972.
RA 6725 an act strengthening the prohibition
on discrimination against women
Inward internationalized prejudice is
when a person believes prejudicial remarks and
assumptions.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy is when victim
believes that prejudice against his is true then
fulfills this negative expectation.
Ethics customer service an excellent
guideline for ethical customer is the golden
rule.
Relationship selling is forming meaningful
relationships with your customers.
ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILTY
Ethics beliefs about what is right and wrong
or bad and good based on conduct and moral in
a particular society.
Moral rules we use to decide what is good
and what is bad
Different Kinds of Ethical Approaches
1. Principles of Justices all decision
should be consistent, unbiased and
biased on fact.
2. Principle of Individual Rights all
decision should respect basic human
rights and dignity of individual
3. Principle of Utilitarian all decisions
should do the greatest good for the
largest number of people.
4. Principle of Individualism all
primary goals should achieve long term
self interest.
Categorical imperatives developed by
Immanuel Kant
- What would the world or my company
be like if everyone were to do this?
Rationalizing justify unethical behaviors
excuses for embarrassment, shame anxiety, or
pain.
- One of the defense mechanism
described by Freud.
Boss massaging the practice of currying
favors, or kissing up with a manager to achieve
your own goals
Inner Circle clique of trusted family
members, tribal members or friends who are at
the center of power.
Gift Exchange is giving gifts creates future
obligations to the receiver, it can also rite of
passage into an inner circle.
Future favors is biased upon obligation and
resulting in the exchange of favors over years
and even generations.
Social Responsibility practice of acting
ethically while understanding that your actions
are part of the larger.
VIEWS OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILTY
Traditional Social Responsibility
company responsible only to itself and to
making a profit.
Stakeholder social responsibility
company is not just responsible to make
a profit but to answer stakeholders
Affirmative social responsibility
Companies are not just responsible for
making profit margin and their
stakeholders but also to the general
public and society
Whistle blowing decision of an
employee to inform the officials or the
public about a legal or ethical violation.
The Government Accountability Projects
established in 1977 helps employees who blow
the whistle on unethical corporate practices.