Std V PSEMS E.V.

4. ENVIRONMENTAL
BALANCE
Q.1 FILL IN THE BLANKS.

A) The variety we see in all the living things that belong to

particular area is called the biodiversity of that
place.

B) The surroundings and the conditions in those surroundings

which affect the life of the organisms is called an environment.

C) Environmental science studies interactions between living and

non-living things.

D) For the existence of living things, it is important that

environmental balance is maintained.

Q.2 WRITE TRUE OR FLASE.

A) Micro-organisms form a part of the environment.

Ans. True

B) It is necessary to maintain biodiversity.

Ans. True

C) A grasshopper eats birds.

Ans. False

Q.3 NAME THE FOLLOWING.

A) Factors in the environment.

Ans. Sunlight, air, water, soil, plants, animals etc.

B) The interactions among the living things in the environment.

Ans. Food chain and food web.

C) The main support of food chains.

Ans. Plants.
Std V PSEMS E.V.S

D) The cycles in the environments.

Ans. Water cycle, carbon dioxide oxygen cycle and
decomposition cycle.

E) The living thing that we cannot see with our naked eyes.
Ans. Micro-organisms.

Q.4 WHATS THE SOLUTION?

We have to remove insects from the grain without using

insecticides? Ans.

I. By drying grain in the sunlight.

II. By storing grain in a cool and dry place.
III. By mixing dried neem leaves in the stored grains.

Q.5 USE YOUR BRAIN POWER

Make up a frog chain Frog, kite, worm, snake, grass.

Ans. Grass Worm Frog Snake Kite.

Q.6 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS?

A) What is food chain? Give an example of it.

Ans. One living thing depends on another living thing for their
food. This relationship is called food chain.
e.g.- Sunlight Plants Caterpillar Grasshopper Sparrow.

B) How is the balance in the environment maintained?

Ans. When the various cycles in the environment goes on
continuously, environmental balance get maintained.

C) What substance in the soil is useful for the growth of plants?

Ans. The substances formed due to decomposition of plant
residue, dead animals, excreta, etc. are mixed in the soil. These
are useful for the growth of plants.
Std V PSEMS E.V.S

12. FOOD FOR ALL

Q.1 FILL IN THE BLANKS.

A) The season from June to October is called Kharif season.

B) The season from October to March is called the Rabi season.

C) Natural fertilizers are called Manure.

D) Overuse of fertilizers lowers the fertility of the soil.

E) The credit for research that leads to Green revolution goes to

Dr. M.S.Swaminathan.

Q.2 WRITE TRUE OR FLASE. IF FALSE, CORRECT THEM AND

REWRITE.

A) There is only one method of farming.

Ans. False.
Correct sentence- There is only many method of farming.

B) India is an agricultural country.

Ans. True.

C) Use of improved seeds does not lead to higher yields.

Ans. False.
Correct sentence- Use of improved seeds lead to higher yields.

Q.3 MATCH THE FOLLOWING

A Group B Group

Grain stored in a damp place Fungus attack.

Prevents growth of fungus on

Grain stored in a dry air
the grain.
Adding proper chemical to the Prevents insects infection.
stored grain
Std V PSEMS E.V.S

Q.4 WHATS THE SOLUTION?

The plant in the pot is not growing well

Ans.

I. Water the plant daily and keep the pot in the sunlight.
II. Loosen the soil near the roots.
III. Add manure and organic fertilizer in the pot.

Q.5 USE YOUR BRAIN POWER

What is the purpose of storing food grain in our house?

Ans.

I. To avoid daily purchasing of food grains from the market.

II. Some food grains not available during all seasons.
III. Sometimes we need more supply of food grains due to
parities, celebrations etc.

Q.6 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS?

A) What are the advantages of using improved seeds?

Ans.

I. Improved seeds have a higher yield.

II. They can resist pest attacks.
III. They grow well and become ripe for harvesting in a shorter
period of time.
IV. Some give high yield in low water supply.

B) Which are the modern methods of irrigations? What are their

advantages? Ans.

I. There are two modern methods of irrigations.

a) Drip irrigation
b) Sprinkle irrigation

II. Advantages-
a) We can save a lot of water.
Std V PSEMS E.V.S

b) Roots of the crops get enough water.

c) Full use is made of the available water.

C) Describe the drip irrigation method?

Ans.

I. In this method, pipes with holes are used for giving water.
II. Only required amount of water drips near the plants.
III. Full use is made of the available water.

D) What are the reasons due to which growing crops are

damaged? Ans.

I. Diseases and pest attacks can damage crops in the fields.

II. If fertility of soil is reduced, productivity also reduced.
III. If enough water is not available for growing crops their
growth is stunted.

E) What is done to avoid the damage to crops?

Ans.

I. Modern irrigation methods are used to water the crops.

II. The crops are sprayed with insecticides and pesticides.
III. Seeds used are also of improved quality.
IV. Proper amount of fertilizers are used.

F) What causes the fertility of the soil to diminish?

Ans.

I. Overuse of chemical fertilizers reduces the fertility.

II. Over watering makes the land saline and fallow.

G) What changes has modern technology brought a bout in the

methods of farming?
Ans.

I. Improved quality seeds are used.

Std V PSEMS E.V.S

II. Modern methods like drip irrigation and sprinkle irrigation

are used.
III. Organic fertilizer and manures are used.
IV. Insecticides and pesticides are sprayed on crops.

H) What methods are used to preserve food grains.

Ans.

I. The grain is dried well in the sun and stored in sacks.

II. The chemicals are sprayed on the storage area.
III. Neem leaves are mixed with the grain.
IV. The storage space should be dry and airy.
V. Protective chemicals are mixed with grains to avoid insects
and pests.

I)How is water made available for farming?

Ans.

I. In India, most of agriculture is dependent upon monsoon.

II. Water from lakes, lakes, rivers, wells are used for irrigation.
III. Dams are built on rivers for storing water.
IV. Canal water and mot are used for watering the crops.

13.METHODS OF PRESERVING
FOOD
Q.1 FILL IN THE BLANKS.

A) In winter foodstuffs remain unspoiled for a longer period.

Std V PSEMS E.V.S

B) Spores of fungus are present in air.

C) Food in which micro-organisms grow is bad for health.

D) Different spices are obtained from specific parts of the plants.

Q.2 WRITE TRUE OR FLASE. IF FALSE, CORRECT THEM AND

REWRITE.

A) When something is boiled, the micro-organisms in it are

destroyed. Ans.True.

B) Our food does not get spoiled when micro-organisms begin to

grow in it. Ans. False.
Correct answer- Our food gets spoiled when micro-organisms
begin to grow in it.

C) Foodstuffs dried in summer cannot be used for the rest of the

year. Ans. False.
Correct answer-Foodstuffs dried in summer can be used for the
rest of the year.

D) Foodstuffs get warmth when put in a fridge.

Ans. False.
Correct answer-
Foodstuffs get cool temperature when put in a fridge.

Q.3 NAME THE FOLLOWING.

A) Preservative substances
Ans. Sugar, Salt, Asafoetida, Mustard, oil, Vinegar etc.

B) Foodstuffs prepared after drying in the sun.

Ans. Papad,Kuradi and sandage.

C) Cotton-wool like fibrous growth on chapatti.

Ans. Fungus.

D) Favorable factors for growth of micro-organisms.

Ans. Air, Moisture and warmth.
Std V PSEMS E.V.S

E) Matter printed on the boxes or sealed bags of foodstuffs.

Ans. Expiry date.

Q.4 WHATS THE SOLUTION?

A) The papads have become soft and moist.

Ans.

I. Keep the moist papad in the sun for drying.

II. We can also dry them in microwave oven for 1 to 2 seconds.

B) Fruits like mangoes, amlas, guavas and vegetables like peas,

onions, tomatoes, fenugreek are needed all year round. They are
available in plenty only in certain seasons.

Ans.

I. Juice and pulp can be extracted from mangoes.

II. Raw mangoes, amlas,guavas can be preserved by making
squash.
III. Peas can be peeled and then keep in the refrigerator for a
long time.
IV. Fenugreek is preserved by drying in the sun.
V. Onions can be dried in the sun or fried in the sun or fried in
the oil.
VI. Tomatoes can be preserved by making puree, squash or
sauce or ketchup.

Q5. USE YOUR BRAIN POWER

Semolina (shevaya) do not get spoiled for a very long time. But
kheer made from them spoils easily. Why is this so?

Ans. Semolina (shevaya) are made by drying them in the sun.

They do not have moisture. So they do not get spoiled for a very
long time.But kheer is made by using milk. Milk gets spoilt quickly
so kheer also spoilts quickly.
Std V PSEMS E.V.S

Q.6 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

A) What are the different methods of preserving food ?

Ans.