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rf}wf} of]hgf

-cfly{s jif{ @)&#&$@)&%&^_

cfwf/kq

g]kfn ;/sf/
/fli6o of]hgf cfof]u
l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+
@)&#

/fli6o of]hgf cfof]u

;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL >L s]= kL= zdf{ cf]nL cWoIf


dfggLo 8f= o'j/fh vltj8f pkfWoIf
8f= ;f]dnfn ;'j]bL, d'Vo ;lrj, g]kfn ;/sf/ kb]g;b:o
dfggLo 8f= ;'ldqf cdfTo ;b:o
dfggLo 8f= sfdfgGb b]j ;b:o
dfggLo 8f= rGsfGt kf}8]n ;b:o
dfggLo 8f= ;'lgn afa' >]i7 ;b:o
dfggLo k|f= 8f= uLtfeQm hf]zL ;b:o
dfggLo 8f= s[kf l;Gw' k|;fb ;b:o
dfggLo >L ljho axfb'/ s'Fj/ ;b:o
>L nf]sbz{g /]UdL, ;lrj, cy{ dGqfno kb]g;b:o
>L ;'/]zdfg >]i7 ;b:o;lrj

ljifo;"rL
kl/R5]b ! M kl/ro ====================================================================================== !@)
!=! k[i7e"ld ===================================================================================== !
!=@ t]x|f}F of]hgf -cfly{s jif{ @)&)&! @)&@&#_ sf] ;+lIfKt ;dLIff=== @
!=@=! ;dli6ut cfly{s If]q===================================================== $
!=@=@ cGo ljifout If]q========================================================== !!
!=@=# ul/aL, /f]huf/L / dfgj ljsf;========================================= !^
!=# ;x>fAbL ljsf; NfIosf] k|ult ;dLIff=========================================== !*

kl/R5]b @ M rf}wf}+ of]hgf -cfly{s jif{ @)&#&$ @)&%&^_ ====================== @!##


@=! k[i7e"ld ============================================================================= @!
@=@ r'gf}tL tyf cj;/ =============================================================== @@
@=# ;f]r ============================================================================= @#
@=$ nIo ============================================================================== @#
@=% p2]Zo =============================================================================== @#
@=^ kl/df0ffTds nIo ================================================================ @#
@=& /0fgLlt =========================================================================== @$
@=* cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;df ljleGg If]qsf] e"ldsf ===================== @$
@=( cfly{s j[l4b/ ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ===================================== @%
@=(=! cfly{s j[l4b/ ========================================================== @%
@=(=@ ;LdfGt k'FhL pTkfbg cg'kft / nufgL ======================== @&
@=(=# ;fj{hlgs vr{ / vr{ Joxf]g]{ ;|f]t ============================== #)
@=(=$ ;|f]t ;fwgsf] afF8kmfF8 tyf kl/rfngsf cfwf/x ========== #!
@=(=% k|:tfljt nufgLaf6 ;dli6ut cy{tGqdf kg]{ k|efj ========= #@
kl/R5]b # M ;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx =========================================================== #$^)
#=! s'n ufx{:Yo tyf /fli6o art =============================================== #$
#=@ ;/sf/L ljQ ====================================================================== #^
#=@=! ;fj{hlgs vr{ ======================================================= #^
#=@=@ /fh:j ================================================================== #&
#=@=# j}b]lzs ;xfotf ======================================================= #(
#=@=$ ;fj{hlgs C0f ======================================================= $!

#=# df}ls tyf ljQLo gLlt ======================================================= $@


#=$ ladf tyf k'FhL ahf/ =========================================================== $%
#=$=! ladf ===================================================================== $%
#=$=@ k'FhLahf/ =============================================================== $&
#=% ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg =============================================================== %)
#=^ j}b]lzs Jofkf/, ljb]zL ljlgdo tyf ;f]wgfGt/ ========================== %@
#=& lghL If]q ============================================================================ %$
#=* j}b]lzs nufgL =================================================================== %^
#=( ;xsf/L If]q ==================================================================== %*

kl/R5]b $ M If]qut ljsf; gLltx ============================================================== ^!!#&


$=! s[lif, e"ld;'wf/ tyf jg ======================================================= ^!
$=!=! s[lif ======================================================================= ^!
$=!=@ kz'kG5L ================================================================= ^$
$=!=# l;FrfO ================================================================== ^&
$=!=$ e"ld;'wf/ =============================================================== &)
$=!=% vfB ;'/Iff tyf vfBkf]if0f ========================================= &@
$=!=^ jg tyf e";+/If0f ==================================================== &^
$=@ pBf]u, jfl0fHo, cfk"lt{ / ko{6g ============================================= *)
$=@=! pBf]u ================================================================== *)
$=@=@ jfl0fHo ================================================================== *#
$=@=# cfk"lt{ =================================================================== *^
$=@=$ ko{6g ================================================================== *(
$=# cfly{s s"6gLlt tyf ljsf; =================================================== (@
$=$ ;fdflhs ljsf; ================================================================== ($
$=$=! hg;\Vof ============================================================= ($
$=$=@ ;+:s[lt =================================================================== (^
$=$=# lzIff ==================================================================== ((
$=$=$ :jf:Yo tyf kf]if0f =================================================== !)$
$=$=% vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO =========================================== !)*
$=$=^ afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/L =================================== !!)
$=$=& dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f ===================== !!$
$=$=* ;fdflhs ;'/Iff tyf ;+/If0f======================================= !!^

$=$=( Ho]i7 gful/s ========================================================== !!(


$=$=!) ckf\utf ePsf JolQmx ======================================== !@!
$=$=!! /f]huf/L k|Tofe"lt ===================================================== !@#
$=$=!@ ;fdflhs ladf ====================================================== !@%
$=$=!# ;fd'bflos tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx ============================ !@&
$=% o'jf, v]ns'b / :jod\ ;]js ;]jf ============================================ !#)
$=%=! o'jf ====================================================================== !#)
$=%=@ v]ns'b ljsf; ======================================================= !#@
$=%=# :jod\ ;]js ;]jf ===================================================== !#%

kl/R5]b % M k"jf{wf/ If]q ljsf; gLltx========================================================== !#*!^*


%=! pmhf{ ========================================================================= !#*
%=!=! hnljB't\ ============================================================= !#*
%=!=@ j}slNks pmhf{ ======================================================== !$)
%=@ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft ================================================= !$#
%=@=! ;8s ==================================================================== !$#
%=@=@ xjfO{ oftfoft ====================================================== !$^
%=@=# /]n tyf cGo oftfoft =========================================== !$(
%=@=$ oftfoft Joj:yfkg ================================================ !%)
%=# ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ ============================================================== !%#
%=$ ejg, cfjf; tyf ;x/L ljsf; ============================================ !%&
%=$=! ejg tyf cfjf; ================================================== !%&
%=$=@ ;x/L ljsf; =========================================================== !^)
%=% k'glg{df{0f ========================================================================= !^@
%=^ k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ================================================ !^%

kl/R5]b ^ M cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx ================================================= !^(!($


^=! n}\lus ;dfgtf, ;dfj]zLs/0f / d"n k|jfxLs/0f ====================== !^(
^=!=! n}\lus ;dfgtf tyf dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f==================== !^(
^=!=@ ;dfj]zLs/0f ======================================================== !&#
^=!=# nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t tyf ;LdfGts[t hflthghflt !&%
^=@ lj1fg, ;"rgf tyf k|ljlw ===================================================== !&&
^=@=! lj1fg k|ljlw ========================================================= !&&
^=@=@ ;"rgf k|ljlw ========================================================= !*)

^=# dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; ========================================================== !*@


^=$ >d tyf /f]huf/L =============================================================== !*$
^=% ljkb\ Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0f tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g ====================== !**
^=%=! ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ==================================================== !**
^=%=@ jftfj/0f tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g ================================= !()
^=^ hnpTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ================================================ !(#

kl/R5]b & M ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g ============================================== !(%@@)


&=! ul/aL lgjf/0f tyf ;d[[l4 ==================================================== !(%
&=@ k|fb]lzs tyf ef}uf]lns ;Gt'ng ============================================== !(*
&=@=! ;\3Lotf tyf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ========================= !(*
&=@=@ k|fb]lzs tyf ef}uf]lns ;Gt'ng ================================ @)!
&=# zflGt tyf k'g:yf{kgf ========================================================= @)#
&=$ zf;sLo ;'wf/ =================================================================== @)%
&=$=! k|zf;sLo ;'zf;g ================================================= @)%
&=$=@ Gofo Joj:yf ======================================================== @)&
&=$=# e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ================================================== @!)
&=$=$ ;'/Iff Joj:yf ======================================================= @!#
&=$=% hg;xeflutf ======================================================== @!%
&=% ljQLo ;'zf;g ================================================================== @!&
&=^ dfgj clwsf/ =================================================================== @!(

kl/R5]b * M of]hgf k|lqmof, tYof\s k|0ffnL Pjd\ cg';Gwfg ============================= @@!@@*


*=! of]hgf th{'df tyf sfof{Gjog =============================================== @@!
*=@ cg'udg tyf d"Nofg ========================================================= @@#
*=# tYof\s k|0ffnL ================================================================= @@%
*=$ cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; ========================================================== @@^

kl/R5]b M !
kl/ro
!=! k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] of]hgfa4 ljsf; k|of; ;' ePsf] 5 bzs k'u]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf] /fhgLlts
kl/jt{gn] :yflkt u/]sf] gful/s clwsf/;Fu} ;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf] cfly{s ljsf; / ;d[4
;dfh lgdf{0f sfo{ /fHosf] k|d'v sfo{;"rLdf k/]sf]] 5 . ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] sf/0f d'n'sdf k/]sf]
cfly{s Pjd\ ;fdflhs k|efj, e"sDknufotsf k|fs[lts k|sf]k Pjd\ ljkb\af6 l;lh{t
k'glg{df{0fsf] lhDd]jf/L / blIf0fL ;Ldf If]qdf ePsf] cj/f]wsf sf/0f lzlyn ePsf] cy{tGqnfO{
lqmofzLn agfpg / hgtfsf] ljsf;sf] cfsf\IffnfO{ Ps;fy ;Daf]wg ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf]
5.
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L eO{ /fhgLlts ;\qmd0fsf] ;dflKt;Fu} /fHosf] Wofg cfly{s
ljsf;df s]lGb|t ePsf] 5 . 7Ls o;} ;dodf rf}wf}F cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ePsf] 5 . Psflt/
xfdL;Fu ljutsf of]hgfxsf] sfof{Gjogsf cg'ej 5g\ eg] csf]{tkm{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn]
clsf/ u/]sf gful/ssf df}lns xs / /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLlt casf] of]hgfsf]
dfu{bz{ssf kdf cfPsf 5g\ . d"ntM rf}+wf}F of]hgf th'{df ubf{ log} k[i7e"ld tyf
nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHosf cGt/lglxt dfGotf / l;4fGtnfO{ ;d]6\g] k|of; ePsf] 5 .
t]x|f}F of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] bf];|f] jif{df d'n'sn] ljgfzsf/L e"sDk / t];|f] jif{df blIf0fL
;Ldfdf cj/f]wsf] ;fdgf ug'{kof] . o;n] ;Djt\ @)&( ;Dd g]kfnnfO{ ljsf;zLn /fi6df
:t/f]Gglt ug]{ of]hgfsf] p2]Zodf t'iff/fkftdfq u/]g, ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf @#=* k|ltzt
hg;\VofnfO{ !* k|ltztdf emfg]{ nIo k|flKt;d]t k/ ws]lnlbPsf] 5 . o;}u/L d'n'sn]
;fdflhs If]qdf nufgL clej[l4 u/L ;x>fAbL ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{ u/]sf] k|ultnfO{ sfod
/fVg Pjd\ lbuf] ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug]{ dfu{df k|ult ug{;d]t r'gf}tL v8f u/]sf] 5 . o;}n],
rf}wf}F of]hgfn] o;cl3 d'n'sn] Joxf]g{'k/]sf] Ifltsf] k"lt{ ug]{ tyf gofF nIosf ;fy d'n'ssf]
cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;nfO{ ult lbO{ hgtfsf ljsf;sf] cfsf\IffnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{kg]{ ePsf]
5.
rf}wf}F of]hgfn] cfly{s j[l4b/nfO{ pRr kfg{ s[lifsf] Jofj;foLs/0f, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f,
;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTj sfod u/L nufgLdf cfdljZjf; a9fpg'sf ;fy} ljBdfg pmhf{;\s6
lgjf/0f u/L cf}Bf]uLs/0f / cfw'lgsLs/0fdf 6]jf lbg'k/]sf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm e"sDk tyf
;Ldfgfsf cj/f]wsf] sf/0faf6 lzlyn ePsf cfly{s lqmofsnfkxnfO{ tLj|tf lbg'kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
To:t} ;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qdfkm{t\ nufgL j[l4 ug'{, ljsf; Joj:yfkgsf] Ifdtf
clej[l4 u/L k'FhLut vr{ a9fpg', pknAw ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] ;d'lrt pkof]u ug{' tyf a9\bf]
hgcfsf\Iffcg'k ljsf;sf nIo k|fKt ug{ k|zf;goGqnfO{ Jofj;flos agfpg'k/]sf] 5 . ;fy},
n}\lus ;dfgtf xfl;n ub}{ lk5l8Psf If]q, ju{ / ;d'bfo Pjd\ ;LdfGts[t ju{sf hgtfnfO{
nlIft sfo{qmd, Gofof]lrt ljt/0f tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff Pjd\ ;+/If0f k|bfg u/L zL3| ul/aL
Go"gLs/0f ug{'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . cfGtl/s pTkfbg tyf lgof{t Jofkf/df j[l4 / s'n Jofkf/
ljljwLs/0f u/L Jofkf/ 3f6f sd ub}{ afXo ;Gt'ng ;'b[9 ug'{kg]{5 . 7"nf] ;\Vofsf] o'jfzlQmnfO{
k'FhL, k|ljlw / ;Lk pknAw u/fO{ d'n'sleq} /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug{'kg]{5 . nfdf] ;dob]lv l/Qm /x]sf
:yfgLo lgsfoxdf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwxdfkm{t\ ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ hjfkmb]xL, kf/bzL{ /
;xeflutfd"ns agfpg', glthfk|ltsf] hjfkmb]lxtf ;'lglZrt ug'{, ;fj{hlgs vr{ Joj:yfkgnfO{
;'b[9 ug'{ / ;du|df ;'zf;g clej[l4 ug'{h:tf ljifox;d]t of] of]hgfn] ;Daf]wg ug'{kg]{5 .
;fy}, ljutdf of]hgfsf] nIo / pknlAwaLr /xg] u/]sf] cGt/nfO{ sd ug{;d]t o; of]hgfnfO{
Jofjxfl/s, sfof{Gjogof]Uo / glthfd"ns agfpg'sf ;fy} sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ hjfkmb]xL u/fpg
glthf;"rssf cfwf/df sfo{;Dkfbg s/f/ ug{ ;lhnf] x'g]u/L :ki6 glthf vfsf;d]t th'{df
ug'{kg]{ l:ylt 5 .
!=@ t]x|f} of]hgf -cfly{s jif{ @)&)&!@)&@&#_ sf] ;\lIfKt ;dLIff
g]kfnn] of]hgfa4 ljsf;sf] qmd ;' u/]sf] ^ bzsdf !# cf]6f cfjlws of]hgfx
sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5 . of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf ;fdflhs If]qdf ;Gtf]ifk|b k|ult ePsf] 5 eg]
ljsf;sf cGo k"jf{wf/x klg tof/ x'Fb}5g\ . ljsf;df hg;xeflutf j[l4 eO{ hgtfs}
:jfldTjdf :yfgLo of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng x'g] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . lghL
If]qnfO{ nufgL u/L ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g] k|z:t cj;/x k|fKt ePsf] 5 . t/ d'n'sdf
pknAw k|fs[lts Pjd\ dfgjLo ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] pRrtd ;b'kof]u u/L pRr cfly{s j[l4f/f
ul/aL Go"gLs/0f ug]{ p2]Zo cf+lzs kdf dfq} xfl;n x'g;s]sf] 5 .
lqjifL{o of]hgfsf] kdf sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] t]x|fF} of]hgfn] ;g\ @)@@ ;Dddf g]kfnnfO{
cltsd ljsl;t /fi6af6 ljsf;zLn /fi6df :t/f]Gglt ug]{ bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf ;fy b]zdf JofKt
cfly{s Pjd\ dfgjLo ul/aLnfO{ 36fO{ cfdhgtfsf] hLjg:t/df kl/jt{gsf] cg'e"lt lbnfpg]
p2]Zo /fv]sf] lyof] . of]hgfsf] cfwf/ jif{ -@)^(&)_ df @#=* k|ltzt hg;\Vof ul/aLsf]
/]vfd'lg /x]sf]df of]hgfsf] cGTo;Dddf !* k|ltztdf emfg]{ nIo of]hgfn] lnPsf] lyof] .
of] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ hnljB't\ tyf pmhf{, s[lif, ko{6g, pBf]u, Jofkf/, cfwf/e"t lzIff,
:jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL, ef}lts k"jf{wf/nufotsf If]qx of]hgfsf] k|fyldstfdf lyP . o;}u/L, ljsf;
k|lqmofdf ;/sf/L, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qsf] of]ubfgdf clej[l4 ug]{, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df hf]8
lbg], lzIff, :jf:Yo tyf vfg]kfgLh:tf ;fdflhs ;]jfxdf kx'Fr, pkof]u / u'0f:t/df j[l4 ug]{,
;'zf;g clej[l4 ug]{, nlIft ju{, If]q tyf ;d"xsf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs ;zQmLs/0fdf clej[l4
ug]{ / hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu cg's"lnt ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ /0fgLlt of]hgfn] lnPsf]
lyof] .
t]x|f}F of]hgfsf] pknlAwnfO{ x]bf{ cfly{s If]q Tolt ;Gtf]ifk|b geP tfklg ;fdflhs tyf
k"jf{wf/ If]qdf s]xL ;Gtf]ifhgs pknlAw ePsf 5g\ . of]hgf cjlwe/ d'n's /fhgLlts

2 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


;\qmd0faf6 u'lh|of] . d'n'ssf] ;du| Wofg /fhgLlts kl/jt{gnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{tkm{ a9L s]lGb|t
x'Fbf of]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogn] k|fyldstf kfpg ;s]g . ;fj{hlgs, lghL tyf ;xsf/L
;a} If]qdf ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt x'g ;s]g . If]qut k|ultdf klg ljutb]lvsf ;d:of oyfjt g}
/lx/x] . ;dodf dn tyf aLpaLhg pknAw gx'Fbf / v]tLof]Uo hldg s[lif dhb'/sf] cefjdf
afFemf] /xFbf o; If]qdf cfzftLt pknlAw xfl;n x'g;s]g . hn;|f]tsf] k|r'/ ;DefjgfnfO{
pkof]u u/L kmfObf lng g;Sbf d'n's nf]8;]l8sf] df/af6 u'lh|g'kof] . aGb, x8\tfn, /fhgLlts
cl:y/tf, ;sf/fTds / ;'dw'/ >d ;DaGwsf] cefj, e"sDk, ;Ldf If]qdf ePsf] cj/f]wsf sf/0f
cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf x|f; cfof] eg] o;sf] c;/ ko{6g If]qdf klg kof] . cfGtl/s pTkfbgdf
cfPsf] x|f; tyf Jofkf/ If]qdf ck]lIft kdf lgof{t j[l4 / cfoft k|lt:yfkg x'g g;s]sf]
sf/0f Jofkf/3f6f cTolws dfqfdf a9\b} uof] . tyflk j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] dfWodaf6 ljk|]if0fdf
j[l4 eO{ tTsfnsf nflu zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt ;'ljwfhgs ePsf sf/0f ljb]zL d'b|f pNn]Vo kdf
j[l4 x'gsf cltl/Qm a}+ls\u If]qsf] t/ntf ;xh /xg ;Sof] .
of] of]hgf cjlwdf oftfoft, ljB't\, ;~rf/, l;FrfOh:tf k"jf{wf/sf If]qdf s]xL k|ult
ePsf] 5 eg] ;fdflhs tyf k|zf;lgs Pjd\ sfg'gL ;'wf/sf If]qdf pNn]vgLo sfd ePsf 5g\ .
/fhgLlts ;\qmd0f tyf zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ 6'f] nufO{ gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] 5 . lk5l8Psf
If]q tyf ljkGg Pjd\ ;LdfGts[t hfthflt, ju{ / ;d'bfonfO{ d'n'ssf] d"nwf/df Nofpg
;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf ;a} txdf k|ltltlwTj ug{;Sg] Joj:yf ePsf]
5 . ul/aLsf /]vfd'lg /x]sf ljkGg tyf lk5l8Psf If]q, ju{ / ;d'bfosf] pTyfgsf nflu nlIft
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf 5g\ . ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ;+/If0fsf] bfo/f a9]sf] 5 . o; k|sf/sf
sfo{qmdxaf6 cy{tGqsf] Ifdtf clej[l4, ;dfj]zL ljsf; / ul/aL Go"gLs/0fdf d2t k'u]sf]
5 . of]hgfsf] kl5Nnf] jif{sf] ljifd kl/l:yltsf afah'b cl3Nnf b'O{ jif{sf] of]ubfgn] of]hgf
cjlwdf ul/aL @ k|ltzt laGb'n] 36L @!=^ k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5 .
t]x|f} of]hgfsf] d'Vod'Vo nIo Pjd\ k|ult l:ylt
t]x|f}F of]hgfn] lnPsf] k|d'v nIox tyf xfn;Dd ePsf] k|ultsf] ;f/;+If]k tflnsf !=!
df k|:t't ul/Psf]] 5 M
tflnsf !=! M t]x|f} of]hgfsf] nIo tyf k|ult
cf=j= @)^(&) t]x|f}F of]hgfsf]
gfsf]
qm=;+= ;"rs
sf] l:ylt nIo k|ult
1. jflif{s cf};t cfly{s j[l4b/ -k|ltzt_ 3.5 6.0 2.92
2. s[lif If]qsf] jflif{s cf};t j[l4b/ -k|ltzt_ 1.1 4.5 2.22
3. u}/s[[lif If]qsf] jflif{s cf};t j[l4b/ -k|ltzt_ 4.6 6.7 3.35
4. jflif{s cf};t /f]huf/L j[l4b/ -k|ltzt_ 2.9 3.2 2.9
5. ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;\Vof -k|ltzt_ 23.8 18 21.6
6. ck]lIft cfo' -hGd]sf] ;dodf, jif{_ 68.8 71 71
7. d"No j[l4b/ -k|ltzt_ . .6

kl/ro | 3
qm=;+= ;"rs cf=j= @)^(&) t]x|f}F of]hgfsf]
gfsf]
8. dft[ d[To'b/ -k|ltnfv hLljt hGddf_ 281 213
9. vfg]kfgL ;]jf k'u]sf] hg;\Vofsf] -k|ltzt_ 8 95 8 .
10. ;/;kmfO ;'ljwf k'u]sf] hg;\Vofsf] -k|ltzt_ 62 9 .
11. k|fylds tx -sIff ! %_ df v'b egf{b/ -k|ltzt_ 95.3 100 96.
12. ;fIf/tf b/ -!%@$ jif{_ . . .
13. ;8s oftfoft hf]l8Psf] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd -;\Vof_ 73 75 73
14. 6]lnkmf]g, df]afOn;d]t -k|lt;o 3gTjdf_ 71.5 100.82 110.25
15. ljB't\ pTkfbg -hl8t Ifdtf_ -d]ufjf6_ 758 1426 829
16. ljB't\df kx'Fr k|fKt hg;\Vof -k|ltzt_ .
17. l;FrfO -x]S6/ nfvdf_ 13.11 14.87 .96
18. jg h\unn] 9fs]sf] If]q -k|ltzt_ 39.6 40.0 .
19. ;8s oftfoftsf] s'n nDafO -ls=ld=_* 25,265 27,965 27,495
* ;8s ljefudfkm{t\ lgld{tdfq .

!=@=! ;dli6ut cfly{s If]q


!= s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg
t]x|f}F of]hgfdf s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg cfwf/e"t d"Nodf ^=) k|ltztn] j[l4 ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df
cf=j= @)&)&! Dff %=&@ k|ltzt, cf=j= @)&!&@ Dff @=#@ k|ltzt / cf=j= @)&@&# Dff
)=&& k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ cf};t @=(@ k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g] cg'dfg 5 . s[lif If]qdf cf};t j[l4b/
$=% k|ltzt x'g] nIo /x]sf]df cf=j= @)&)&!, cf=j= @)&!&@ / cf=j= @)&@&# df qmdzM
$=%% k|ltzt, )=*! k|ltzt / !=## k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ cf};t @=@@ k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g] cg'dfg
5 . u}/s[lif If]qdf cf};t j[l4b/ ^=& k|ltzt x'g] nIo /x]sf]df cf=j= @)&)&!, cf=j=
@)&!&@ / cf=j= @)&@&# df qmdzM ^=$! k|ltzt, #=)( k|ltzt / )=^# k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{
cf};t #=#% k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g] cg'dfg 5 . pBf]u If]qsf] cf};t j[l4b/ %=$ k|ltzt x'g] nIo
/x]sf]df )=%$ k|ltzt tyf ;]jf If]qsf] cf};t j[l4b/ $=!$ k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g] cg'dfg 5 . oL
If]qxdf of]hgfsf] klxnf] jif{df s]xL ;sf/fTds j[l4b/sf] ;\s]t b]lvP tfklg @)&@ ;fnsf]
j}zfv !@ df uPsf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDk / cfly{s jif{ @)&@&# sf] k|f/Dedf g} blIf0fL ;Ldfdf
ePsf] cj/f]w;d]tn] Jofkf/, pBf]u, oftfoft, ko{6g, cfk"lt{ Joj:yfnufot ;du| If]q k|efljt
eO{ ;Dk"0f{ cfly{s lqmofsnfk nfdf] ;do;Dd k|foM 7Kk ePsf]n] kl5Nnf b'O{ jif{sf] cfly{s
j[l4b/ ;\s'lrt x'g k'Uof] .
t]x|f}F of]hgf cjlwsf] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg / If]qut d"No clej[l4 tflnsf !=@ df k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 .

4 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


tflnsf !=@ M s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg
-k|rlnt d"Nodf_
-?= s/f]8df_
s'n pTkfbg
qm=;+= If]qx cf=j= cf=j= cf=j=

@)&)&! @)&!&@ @)&@&#*
! s[lif 59461 62357 66196
@ u}/s[lif 122756 133846 142673
@=! pBf]u 27172 29176 29281
@=!=! pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u 11300 11898 11557
@=!=@ ljB't\, Uof; tyf kfgL 2136 2162 2122
@=!=# lgdf{0f 12636 13929 14377
@=@ ;]jf 95584 104669 113392
@=@=! yf]s tyf v'f Jofkf/ 27157 28868 29713
@=@=@ xf]6n tyf /]:6'/]06 3531 4048 4349
@=@=# oftfoft, e08f/0f / ;~rf/ 15576 16498 17592
@=@=$ ljQLo dWo:ytf 7936 9141 10356
@=@=% lzIff 11525 12936 14115
@=@=^ :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{ 2773 3341 3699
s'n d"No clej[l4 182217 196203 208868
s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg -cfwf/e"t d"Nodf_ 175874 188941 200728
s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg -pTkfbs d"Nodf_ 196454 212047 224869
;+zf]lwt . * k|f/lDes .
;|f]t M s]Gb|Lo tYof\s ljefu .

To;}u/L, t]x|f}F of]hgfsf] k|If]lkt tyf of]hgf cjlwsf] If]qut d"No clej[l4 j[l4b/ tflnsf
!=@ -s_ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/ro | 5
tflnsf !=@ -s_ M If]qut d"No clej[l4sf] j[l4b/
-k|ltzt_
qm=;+= If]qx t]x|f} j[l4b/
of]hgfsf] cf=j= cf=j= cf=j= cf};t
nIo @)&)&! @)&!&@ @)&@&#*
! s[lif $=% $=%% )=*! !=## 2.22
@ u}/s[lif ^=& ^=$! #=)( )=^# 3.35
@=! pBf]u %=$ ^=(@ !=$% -^=#_ 0.54
@=!=! pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u $=& ^=@* )=#& -(=*^ -1.3_
@=!=@ ljB't\, Uof; tyf kfgL *=@ #=@& !=)! -!=^^_ 0.85
@=!=# lgdf{0f %=% (=)* @=*% -#=(*_ 2.51
@=@ ;]jf ^=@@ #=%& @=^& 4.14
@=@=! yf]s tyf v'f Jofkf/ %=^ !)=*( @=!! -!=!#_ 3.84
@=@=@ xf]6n tyf /]:6'/]06 *=^ ^=&& #=## -$=*%_ 1.63
@=@=# oftfoft, e08f/0f / *=$ %=@$ ^=@# @=%% 4.66
;~rf/
@=@=$ ljQLo dWo:ytf ^=@ #=&) @=(! #=#) 3.3
@=@=% lzIff *=@ $=*! #=&$ ^=^( 5.07
@=@=^ :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs &=& $=%) !)=$( *=*% 7.92
sfo{
s'n d"No clej[l4 ^=) %=&& @=#@ )=*^ 2.96
s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg -cfwf/e"t %=( %=&@ @=#@ )=&& 2.92
d"Nodf_
* k|f/lDes cg'dfg .
;|f]t M s]Gb|Lo tYof\s ljefu .

@= ;/sf/L ljQ
/fh:j
t]x|f}F of]hgfn] :j]lR5s s/ ;xeflutfsf] nflu u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf tyf s/ sfg'gsf] ;do;fk]If
kl/dfh{g / sfof{Gjog ;'lglZrt u/L Jofkf/ ;xhLs/0fsf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ub}{ s/ k|0ffnLsf]
sfo{s'zntf tyf k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zocg'k s/ gLlt, sfg'g tyf s/ k|zf;gnfO{{
;dofg's"n agfpg], ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 ;"rgf ;~hfnsf] ljsf; ug]{ / cfGtl/s s/
tyf eG;f/df :jo+s/ 3f]if0ff k4lt cjnDag u/L s/ k|zf;gdf ;'wf/sf] k|of; u/]sf] lyof] .
of]hgf cjlwdf !#=* k|ltztn] /fh:j j[l4 u/L cfwf/ jif{ @)^(&) sf] l:y/ d"Nodf s'n ?=
!! va{ ## ca{ @# s/f]8 /fh:j ;\sng x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf]df ?= !) va{ &@ ca{ #( s/f]8
;\sng x'g] cg'dfg 5 . of]hgfsf] clGtd jif{df s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf /fh:jsf] cg'kft @!=!
k|ltzt k'ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df ;f] cg'kft @)=% k|ltzt k'Ug] cg'dfg 5 .

6 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


j}b]lzs ;xfotf
j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] lge{/tfnfO{ qmdzM sd ub}{ hfg] tyf /fli6o k|fyldstfcg'k
kl/rfng u/L lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu plrt Joj:yfkg ug{ j}b]lzs ;xfotf gLlt hf/L u/L ;a}
j}b]lzs ;xfotfnfO{ ah]6 k|0ffnLleq Nofpg] k|of; of]hgf cjlwdf ePsf] 5 . rfn" of]hgfdf ?=
# va{ $! ca{ %( s/f]8 j}b]lzs ;xfotf -cg'bfg / C0f_ kl/rfng ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df of]hgf
cjlwdf ?= @ va{ @% ca{ #* s/f]8 kl/rfng x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs C0f
t]x|f}F of]hgfn] k'FhL lgdf{0fdf of]ubfg k'Ug]u/L ;fj{hlgs C0fsf] k|efjsf/L kl/rfng ug{
cfGtl/s C0fsf] dfqfnfO{ lglZrt ;Ldfleq /fVg], clwljsif{0f lgoGq0f ug]{ tyf C0f
Joj:yfkgdf ljQLo cg'zf;g sfod ug]{ gLlt clVtof/ u/]sf] lyof] . pQm of]hgfdf ;fj{hlgs
C0fnfO{ s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] ## k|ltzt / cfGtl/s C0fnfO{ s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] jflif{s
cf};t @=@% k|ltztdf ;Lldt /fVg] nIo lnOPsf]df of]hgfsf] clGtd jif{ cyf{t\ cf=j=
@)&@&# df o:tf] cg'kft qmdzM @& k|ltzt / #=# k|ltzt /xg] cg'dfg 5 .
;fj{hlgs vr{
;fj{hlgs vr{nfO{ k|efjsf/L pkof]u ug{ t]x|f}F of]hgfn] If]qut dGqfno ah]6 ;"rgf
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, sfo{qmddf cfwfl/t ah]6 th'{df tyf k|of]hg v'nfP/dfq e}k/L zLif{sdf ah]6
ljlgof]hgh:tf glthf;Fu cfa4 x'g]u/L ah]6 lgdf{0f ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] . of]hgf cjlwdf
s'n ah]6 ?= !^ va{ !^ ca{ &% s/f]8 vr{ x'g] k|If]k0f ul/Psf]df ?= !$ va{ #$ ca{ %@ s/f]8
vr{ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . of] vr{ s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] cf};t @^ k|ltzt /xg] cg'dfg
5.
t]x|f}F of]hgfn] k|:tfj u/]sf] ;/sf/L ah]6 tyf o;sf ;|f]txsf] k|If]k0f tyf ah]6
Joj:yfkgsf] cj:yf tflnsf !=# df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf !=# M ;/sf/L ah]6sf] cj:yf
-cf=j= @)^(&) sf] l:y/ d"Nodf_
-?= s/f]8df_
t]x|f} t]x|f} of]hgfsf] l:ylt
qm=;+= ljj/0f of]hgfsf] cf=j= cf=j= cf=j= k|ult
k|If]k0f @)&)&! @)&!&@ @)&@&# hDdf k|ltzt
! s'n ah]6 161675 39913 45579 57960 143452 88.7
@ s'n /fh:j 113323 33822 35393 38024 107239 94.6
# j}b]lzs cg'bfg 18946 3872 3290 5544 12706 67.1
$ s'n vr{ 136926 39913 45579 49031 120128 87.7
rfn" vr{ 103929 27847 29581 35880 93308 89.8
k'FhLut vr{ 32998 6119 7551 13151 26820 81.3

kl/ro | 7
t]x|f} t]x|f} of]hgfsf] l:ylt
qm=;+= ljj/0f of]hgfsf] cf=j= cf=j= cf=j= k|ult
k|If]k0f @)&)&! @)&!&@ @)&@&# hDdf k|ltzt
% ah]6 art -++_ Go"g -+-_ 4658 2219 6895 5462 182 3.9
^ ljQLo Joj:yf -4658_ 1959 1791 -4469_ -719_ 15.4
& v'b C0f nufgL 5720 1095 2001 2320 5416 94.7
cfGtl/s C0f nufgL 6978 1143 2159 2486 5788 83.0
cfGtl/s C0f lkmtf{ 1257 48 159 165 372 29.6
* v'b z]o/ nufgL 3043 801 801 1115 2717 89.3
cfGtl/s z]o/ nufgL 2180 797 650 1099 2545 116.7
j}b]lzs z]o/ nufgL 853 3 151 17 171 20.1
( v'b j}b]lzs C0f -10251_ -234_ -925_ -4110_ -5269_ 51.4
j}b]lzs C0f ;fFjf e'QmfgL 4963 1417 1297 1848 4563 91.9
j}b]lzs C0f 15214 1651 2222 5958 9832 64.6
!) v'b cfGtl/s C0f -8148_ 297 -86_ -3794_ -3582_ 44.0
cfGtl/s C0f ;fFjf 4788 2131 3614 3480 9225 192.7
e' QmfgL C0f
cfGtl/s 12936 1833 3700 7274 12807 99.0

#= j}b]lzs Jofkf/
t]x|f}F of]hgf cjlwdf k|lt:kwL{ j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] lgof{t a9fpg] p2]Zon] jfl0fHo gLlt hf/L
ePsf] 5 eg] /fli6o Jofkf/ kf]6{n (National Trade Portal) sf] :yfkgf u/L pTkfbgdf u'0f:t/
;'wf/ tyf j}b]lzs Jofkf/ k|j4{g ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . cf=j= @)&)&! df j:t' lgof{t ?=
!)) ca{ (^ s/f]8 / cf=j= @)&!&@ df ?= (* ca{ @* s/f]8 eof] eg] cfofttkm{ cf=j=
@)&)&! df ?= ^(^ ca{ #& s/f]8 / cf=j= @)&!&@ df ?= &^! ca{ && s/f]8sf] j:t'
cfoft ePsf] lyof] . cf=j= @)&@&# df j:t' lgof{t ?= *% ca{ %) s/f]8 / j:t' cfoft ?=
&&& ca{ @) s/f]8 k'Ug] cg'dfg /x]sf] 5 .
o;/L lgof{tsf] Go"g j[l4 / cfoftdf ePsf] pRr j[l4sf] sf/0f of]hgfsf klxnf] b'O{ jif{df
s'n j:t' Jofkf/ 3f6fdf j[l4 ePsf] t/ of]hgfsf] clGtd jif{df lgof{t / cfoft b'j}df sdL
ePsfn] s'n j:t' Jofkf/ 3f6f sd /xg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . tyflk lgof{tn] cfoft wfGg]
Ifdtfdf qmdzM x|f; cfO/x]sf] 5 .
$= pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt
t]x|f}F of]hgfdf d"Noj[l4nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L cfdhgtfsf] qmozlQmdf ;'wf/ Nofpg pko'Qm
df}ls gLlt / ljQLo gLltsf] sfof{Gjog, ahf/ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; tyf cg'udg / cfk"lt{sf]
Joj:yfaf6 jflif{s cf};t d"No j[l4b/ &=) k|ltztdf ;Lldt /fvL d"Nodf l:y/tf Nofpg] nIo

8 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


/x]sf] lyof] . h;cg';f/ df}ls gLltdfkm{t\ d'f lj:tf/ tyf clws t/ntfdf lgoGq0f / d"Nodf
c;/ gkg]{ u/L ljQ tyf ljb]zL ljlgdo b/;DaGwL gLlt th{'df ul/Psf] lyof] . tyflk cf=j=
@)&)&! df (=! k|ltzt / cf=j= @)&!&@ df &=@ k|ltztn] d"Noj[l4 ePsf] lyof] . cf=j=
@)&@&# sf] ;'?sf] % dlxgf ;Ldf cj/f]waf6 cfk"lt{ Joj:yfdf c;Gt'ng ePsf] sf/0f;d]tn]
d"Noj[l4df rfk k/]sf] x'Fbf d"Noj[l4 (=% k|ltzt x'g;Sg] ePsf]n] of]hgf cjlwsf] d'b|f:kmLlt
cf};t *=^ k|ltzt k'Ug]] cg'dfg 5 .
%= zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt
t]x|f}F of]hgf cjlwdf d'n'ssf] zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt ;'ljwfhgs /x\of] . cf=j= @)&)&! df
zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt ?= !@&=!# ca{ artdf /x]sf]df cf=j= @)&!&@ df ;f] art ?= !$%=)$
ca{ k'u]sf] lyof] . cfly{s jif{ @)&@&# df ?= !^! ca{sf] zf]wgfGt/ art /xg] cg'dfg
ul/Psf]] 5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 k|fKt ljk|]if0f tyf 6fG;km/ cfodf ePsf] pNn]vgLo j[l4sf
sf/0f Jofkf/ 3f6f pRr eP tfklg ;du| zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt cg's"n /Xof] .
^= a}+ls\u tyf shf{
t]x|f}F of]hgfn] ;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTjsf] nflu cfly{s, df}ls tyf ljQLo gLltdfkm{t\
d"No, zf]wgfGt/ / ljQLo If]qsf] :yfloTj ;'lglZrt ug]{ tyf e'QmfgL k|0ffnLdf hgljZjf;
clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf] lyof] . of]hgf cjlwdf ljQLo If]q ljsf; /0fgLlt tof/ ePsf] /
a}+ls\u If]qdf ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ yk gLltut Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx ufEg]ufleg] sfo{nfO{ cl3 a9fO{ ljQLo :yfloTj sfod ul/Psf] 5 . df}ls gLltdfkm{t\
s[lifnufotsf pTkfbgzLn If]qdf a}+s shf{ a9fpg] Joj:yf ePsf] tyf u|fdL0f If]qdf a}+ls\u
kx'Fr k'ofpg] sfo{ ePsf] 5 . n3'ljQ ;+:yfx lj:tf/ u/L ljQLo ;]jfdf a9LeGbf a9L
hgtfsf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L ljkGg ju{sf] shf{sf] bfo/f km/flsnf] kfg{'sf] ;fy}
b'u{d If]qdf zfvf vf]Ng] n3'ljQ ;+:yfnfO{ g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] lgAof{hL ;fk6L k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf
ePsf] 5 . oL ;a} k|of;sf afah'b ;j{;'ne a}+ls\u ;]jfdf kx'Fr / cfly{s j[l4nfO{ 6]jf lbg]
ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; x'g afFsL g} 5 .
&= ladf
t]x|f}F of]hgfn] cfly{s Pjd\ ;fdflhs lqmofsnfksf ;fy} k|fs[lts k|sf]k tyf cGo
r'gf}tLxaf6 pTkGg hf]lvdlj4 ;'/Iff k|bfg ub}{ g]kfnL ladf If]qnfO{ cGt/f{li6o
dfkb08cg';f/ :t/f]Gglt ug]{ Pjd\ b'u{d u|fdL0fnufot ;a} ju{, If]q / tx;Dd k'ofpg] k|of;
u/]sf] lyof] . of]hgfsf] klxnf] b'O{ jif{df ?= % ca{sf] r'Qmf k'FhLdf k'gla{df sDkgLsf] :yfkgf /
;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . ladf bfaL k|lqmof ;/nLs/0f, gofF ladf P]gsf] th{'df, n3'ladf ;]jfsf]
lj:tf/ tyf bfo/f km/flsnf] kf/L s[lifladfnfO{ k|f]T;fxgsf ;fy} # lhNnfdf :jf:Yo ladf
;]jf;d]t k|f/De ul/Psf] 5 . tyflk ladfsf] bfo/f km/flsnf] agfO{ clwstd JolQm /
sf/f]af/nfO{ ladfsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg cem} afFsL 5 .

kl/ro | 9
*= k'hL ahf/
5l/P/ /x]sf ;;fgf artnfO{ PsLs[t u/L nufgLsf nflu cfjZos k'FhL pTkfbgd"ns
If]qdf k'ofpg t]x|f}F of]hgfn] ;Ifd tyf ultzLn k'FhL ahf/sf] ljsf;, nufgLstf{sf] kx'Fr /
ljZj;gLotf clej[l4 tyf nufgL ljljwLs/0fdfkm{t\ k'FhL ahf/nfO{ lj:tf/ ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 .
o; cjlwdf lwtf]kqdf nufgL ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . o; of]hgfdf
;"rLs[t ;+:yfxsf] ;+:yfut ;'zf;g, ;"rgfsf] k|jfxsf] :t/df j[l4, z]o/sf] cef}lts
x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof ;'? u/L sf/f]af/df ;/nLs/0f, k'FhL ahf/sf ;fy} nufgLdf ljZj;gLotf j[l4
/ lj:tf/sf] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} sdf]l86L ahf/;DaGwL P]g th{'df, lwtf]kq Joj;foLxsf]
sfo{If]q lj:tf/ tyf k'FhLahf/sf] ljs]GLs/0fsf] nflu ljQLo If]q ljsf; /0fgLlt / ljQLo
;fIf/tf gLlt sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf afah'b lwtf]kq ahf/nfO{ ljs]Gb|Ls[t Pjd\
ljljwLs/0f ug]{ / k'FhL ahf/dfkm{t\ bL3{sfnLg k'FhL kl/rfng ug]{ sfo{ cem cl3 a9fpg'kg]{
cj:yf 5 .
t]x|f}F of]hgfdf ePsf] nufgL / o;af6 cy{tGqsf] ljleGg If]qdf kg{ uPsf] k|efj
tflnsf g+= !=$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf !=$ M s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] cg'kftdf ljleGg ;"rsxsf] nIo Pjd\ k|ult
t]x|f} cf=j=
qm=;+= ljj/0f cf=j= @)^(&) of]hgfsf]
sf] l:ylt @)&@&#
nIo ;Ddsf] k|ult
1 s'n nufgL -df}Hbft kl/jt{g;d]t_ #^=( $)=*$ ##=(
2 s'n l:y/ k'FhL nufgL @@=^ @&=*( @%=)
;fj{hlgs If]q $=@ *=&# 5.9
lghL If]q !*=$ !(=!^ 19.1
3 df}Hbftdf kl/jt{g !$=# !@=($ *=(
4 s'n /fli6o art $)=# $!=) $@=(
5 j}b]lzs ;xfotf @=* %=(! 6.2
cg'bfg @=! #=#& 3.0
C0f )=& @=%$ 3.2
6 s'n /fh:j !&=^ @!=! 20.5
7 s'n vr{ !&=* @%=)^ 26.4
rfn" vr{ !$=^ !*=^# 19.3
k'FhLut vr{ #=@ ^=$$ 7.1
8 ah]6 art/3f6f !=* )=%( 2.9
9 ljQLo Joj:yf !=% )=%( 2.4
10 v'b C0f nufgL )=& !=$@ 1.2
11 v'b z]o/ nufgL )=%# )=&! )=^
12 v'b j}b]lzs C0f )=!# !=$& 2.2
13 v'b cfGtl/s C0f )=!! !=@% @=)

10 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


!=@=@ cGo ljifout If]q
s[lif, l;rfO tyf jg
s[lif
t]x|f}F of]hgfdf s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbg $=% k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf]df of]hgf
cjlwdf cf};t j[l4b/ @=@@ k|ltzt x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . vfBfGg pTkfbgtkm{ jflif{s !
s/f]8 * nfv *! xhf/ d]l6s 6g pTkfbg k'ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df of]hgfsf] bf];|f] jif{df (@ nfv
^^ xhf/ d]l6s 6g pTkfbg ePsf] cg'dfg 5 . kmnkm"n / t/sf/Ltkm{ qmdzM !@ nfv ^) xhf/
/ #^ nfv #% xhf/ d]l6s 6g pTkfbgsf] nIo /x]sf]df qmdzM !! nfv *^ xhf/ / #^ nfv @#
xhf/ d]l6s 6g pTkfbg ePsf] b]lvG5 . df5f tyf bnxgafx]s b"w, df;' tyf c08f pTkfbg
klg nIosf] glhs /x]sf] 5 . cem} klg s[lif pTkfbgsf] nflu df};ddf e/kg{'kg]{ cj:yf, ;dodf
g} aLp tyf dnvfb pknAwtf gx'g', s[lifof]Uo hldg afFemf] /x]sf] cj:yf / e"sDksf] k|efjsf]
sf/0fn] s[lif If]qdf ck]lIft pknlAw xfl;n x'g ;s]g .
l;rfO
l;FrfOtkm{ !)( xhf/ x]S6/ If]qkmndf yk l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'ofpg] of]hgfsf] nIo /x]sf]df
of]hgf cjlwsf] cGTo;Dddf *% xhf/ x]S6/ If]qkmndf l;FrfO ;'ljwf yk x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf]
5 . 7"nf l;FrfO of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf l9nfO tyf af9Lklx/f]h:tf k|fs[lts k|sf]k g} l;FrfOsf
k|d'v ;d:of b]lvPsf 5g\ .
jg
t]x|f}F of]hgfdf jgn] 9fs]sf] If]qkmn #(=^ k|ltztaf6 a9fO{ $) k|ltzt k'ofpg] nIo
lyof] . o; cjlwdf jg If]qdf pNn]vgLo j[l4 eO{ $$=& k|ltzt k'u]sf] cg'dfg 5 . o:t} jg
gLlt, j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, jg ;'/Iff of]hgf cflb gLltut Joj:yf ePsf 5g\ eg]
@,%#$ x]S6/ If]qdf j[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] 5 / (## x]S6/ jgIf]qdf ePsf] cltqmd0f x6fOPsf] 5 .
s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf jg If]qsf] of]ubfg $=) k|ltztaf6 a9fO{ ^=) k|ltzt k'ofpg] nIo
/x]sf]df cfzftLt pknlAw xfl;n x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
pBf]u tyf ko{6g
pBf]u
t]x|f}F of]hgf cjlwdf pBf]u If]qdf ! nfv %) xhf/ /f]huf/L yk x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf]df
sl/a () xhf/ hgfnfO{ /f]huf/L yk ePsf] cg'dfg 5 . s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf lgdf{0f pBf]u
If]qsf] of]ubfg ^=@ k|ltztaf6 a9fO{ &=% k|ltzt k'ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df ^=* k|ltzt k'Ug]

kl/ro | 11
cg'dfg 5 . pBf]uxsf] lj:tf/ ug]{ nIo;DaGwdf 7"nf pBf]ux pNn]vgLo ;\Vofdf :yfkgf
ePsf] b]lvP tfklg ;fgf tyf n3' pBf]ux ck]lIft ;\Vofdf lj:tf/ x'g;s]sf 5}gg\ .
ko{6g
t]x|f}F of]hgfn] g]kfnnfO{ cfsif{s / ;'/lIft ko{6g uGtJo:yn agfO{{ ;\VofTds / u'0ffTds
kdf ko{6s cfudgdf j[l4 u/L cy{tGqdf of]ubfg k'ofpg] p2]Zo /fv]sf] lyof] . of]hgf
cjlwdf jflif{s ko{6s cfudg ;\Vof !! nfv k'ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df ;dLIff cjlwsf] klxnf]
jif{df & nfv (& xhf/ / bf];|f] jif{df & nfv () xhf/ k'Uof] . t];|f] jif{df eg] e"sDksf] sf/0fn]
;f] ;\Vof 36]/ % nfv #* xhf/ /xg] cg'dfg 5 . ko{6g Joj;fodf k|ToIf /f]huf/L ! nfv ^)
xhf/af6 a9fO{ @ nfv k'ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df ! nfv #* xhf/df l;ldt x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
;fdflhs ;]jf
lzIff
t]x|f}F of]hgfdf egf{b/tkm{ k|fyldstx -!%sIff_ sf] v'b egf{b/ (%=# k|ltztaf6
ztk|ltzt k'ofpg]] nIo /x]sf]df @)&@ sf] cGTodf (^=^ k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . To;}u/L s'n
;fIf/tfb/ ^%=( k|ltztaf6 j[l4 u/L *% k|ltzt k'ofpg] nIo lnPsf]df &* k|ltzt k'u]sf]
5 . !% b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/sf] ;fIf/tf *&=% k|ltztaf6 () k|ltzt k'Ug] cg'dfg ePsf]df **=^
k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 .
:jf:Yo
t]x|f}F of]hgfn] lgMz'Ns cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr lj:tf/ u/L u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf
pknAw u/fO{ pTkfbgzLn / :t/Lo hLjgofkgsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] lyof] .
of]hgfn] dft[ d[To'b/ -k|ltnfv hLljt hGddf_ @*! Aff6 !#$ df emfg]{ nIo lnPsf]df @%* df
em/]sf] 5 . kfFr jif{d'lgsf] afn d[To'b/ -k|ltxhf/ hLljt hGddf_ %$ af6 #* df emfg]{ nIo
eg] k"/f ePsf] 5 . g]kfnLsf] ;/b/ cfo' ^*=* jif{af6 j[l4 eO{ &! k'Ug] cg'dfg ul/Psf]df ;f]
nIo k"/f ePsf] cg'dfg 5 . s'n k|hggb/ -!% b]lv $( jif{sf k|ltdlxnf_ @=^ af6 @=$ df
emfg]{ nIo /x]sf]df @=% df em/]sf] cg'dfg 5 .
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO
;g\ @)!& leq ztk|ltzt hgtfnfO{ cfwf/e"t:t/sf] vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;]jf pknAw
u/fpg] /fli6o nIocg';f/ t]x|f}F of]hgf cjlwdf cfwf/e"t vfg]kfgL ;]jfsf] kx'Fr (^=# k|ltzt k'
ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df of]hgfsf] klxnf] b'O{ jif{df *#=^ k|ltzt hgtfdf vfg]kfgLsf] ;+/rgf
k'u]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . pRr / dWo:t/sf] vfg]kfgL ;]jf !% k|ltzt gful/sdf k'Ug] cg'dfg
/x]sf]df !%=* k|ltztdf k'uL nIo xfl;n eO;s]sf] 5 . o;}u/L, Go"gtd ;/;kmfO ;'ljwfsf]
kx'Fr ()=% k|ltzt k'ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df *! k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 .

12 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


;fdflhs ;'/Iff tyf ;dfj]zLs/0f
t]x|f}F of]hgfn] ul/aL, c;dfgtf, ;LdfGts[t, czQm / ;fdflhscfly{s hf]lvddf /x]sf
gful/ssf] pTyfg / ;zQmLs/0f u/L ;dGoflos Pjd\ ;Ddfghgs hLjgofkgsf] jftfj/0f
agfpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] nflu hgr]tgf, ;zQmLs/0f, :j/f]huf/h:tf sfo{qmdsf ;fy}
;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf]if, j[4 tyf c;Qm eQf, j[4f>d lgdf{0f, :jf:Yo tyf s[lif ladf, ;Lkd"ns
tflnd cflb ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf sfo{qmdx If]qut sfo{qmdcGtu{t ljleGg lgsfoxaf6
;~rfng ePsf 5g\ . sltko sfo{qmdx nlIft sfo{qmdsf kdf Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L /f]huf/L
l;h{gf ug]{ k|sf/sf 5g\ eg] s]xL sfo{qmdxn] hLjg lgjf{xsf] nflu eQf tyf cg'bfgsf] kdf
lg/Gt/tf kfPsf 5g\ . xfn !) nfv $( xhf/ *!( hgf Ho]i7 gful/sn] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf
k|fKt ul//x]sf 5g\ . kfFrcf]6f Ho]i7 gful/s gd'gf u|fdsf] lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] 5 . Ho]i7
gful/snfO{ c:ktfndf 5'} jf8{sf] Joj:yf tyf ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf dlxnf, ckftf ePsf
JolQm tyf Ho]i7 gful/sxsf nflu l;6 cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf nfu" ePsf] 5 . tLg lhNnfdf
:jf:Yo ladf of]hgf ;' ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, lk5l8Psf] hfthflt, ju{, If]q tyf ;d'bfosf nflu ;dfj]lztfsf] cfwf/df /fHosf]
ljleGg c\uxdf k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] Joj:yfcg'k Joj:yflksf ;+;b\df @(=( k|ltzt,
lghfdtL k|zf;gdf !&=% k|ltzt / Gofokflnsfdf #=) k|ltzt dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] 5 .
cf/If0f Joj:yfcg'k s'n l;6 ;\Vofsf] lgwf{l/t k|ltztsf cfwf/df cGo ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf
k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt x'g] k|lqmofsf] sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] 5 .
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
pmhf{
t]x|f}F of]hgfsf] cGTo;Dddf ljB't\sf] kx'Fr x'g] hg;\Vof *& k|ltzt k'ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df
xfn;Dd &$ k|ltzt hg;\Vofdf ljB't\ kx'Fr k'u]sf] 5 . s'n hl8t ljB't\ Ifdtf *@( d]ufjf6
k'u]sf] 5 eg] ljB't\ k|;f/0fnfOg Ifdtf @,*$* lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf gjLs/0fLo
pmhf{tkm{ @ nfv *( xhf/ %@# cf]6f 3/fo;L ;f}o{ ljB't\, *@ xhf/ *@# afof]Uof; KnfG6 / %
nfv *( xhf/ ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . gjLs/0fLo pmhf{af6 nfeflGjt x'g]
hg;\Vof !# k|ltztaf6 j[l4 eO{ !% k|ltzt k'u]sf] cg'dfg 5 .
oftfoft tyf ;~rf/
rfn" of]hgfsf] k|yd b'O{ jif{df /0fgLlts / If]qLo:t/sf ;8s lgdf{0f @%,@^%
lsnf]ld6/af6 j[l4 eO{ @&,$(% lsnf]ld6/ k'u]sf] 5 eg] k'nsf] ;\Vof !,^)( af6 yk eO{
!,*%$ k'u]sf] 5 . cem} klg b'O{ lhNnf ;8s ;~hfndf hf]l8g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . xjfO{ oftfofttkm{
#^ d'n'sx;Fu xjfO{ ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 eg] ljleGg d'n'ssf @^ cGt/f{li6o xjfO{ sDkgLxn]
g]kfndf p8fg ul//x]sf 5g\ . uf}td a'4 If]qLo cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn / kf]v/f If]qLo

kl/ro | 13
cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ k|f/De ePsf] 5 . /]n oftfoftsf] xsdf l;d/falb{jf;
v08sf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] 5 eg] *( x]S6/ hUuf clwu|x0f ul/Psf] 5 .
;~rf/tkm{ ;dLIff cjlwdf 6]lnkmf]g 3gTj *!=& k|ltztaf6 j[l4 eO{ !)#=$ k|ltzt
k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fy}, /]l8of]sf] /fli6o k|;f/0fsf] kx'Fr () k|ltzt k'ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df klxnf]
b'O{ jif{df ** k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . OG6/g]6 u|fxssf] 3gTj @^=( k|ltztaf6 j[l4 eO{ $^=$
k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 .
ejg, cfjf; tyf ;x/L ljsf;
t]x|f}F of]hgfn] lghL If]q;d]tsf] ;lqmotfdf ;a}sf nflu Ifdtfcg';f/sf] ;'/lIft cfjf;sf]
Joj:yf ug{ lskmfotL, jftfj/0fd}qL tyf e"sDk hf]lvdd'Qm ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL ejgxsf]
lgdf{0f / ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf]] lyof] . ;dLIff cjlwdf u|fdL0f If]qsf nlIft ju{sf nflu
@,@#& hgtf cfjf; PsfO / ;x/L Go"g cfo ePsf kl/jf/sf nflu !#) cfjf; PsfOsf] lgdf{0f
sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L ;'/lIft, :jR5, Jojl:yt / ;d[4 ;x/ ljsf;sf] nflu !^ cf]6f
gu/kflnsfdf PsLs[t ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] 5 eg] !) cf]6f ;x/L sf]l/8f]/df k"jf{wf/
ljsf;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5 . of]hgf cjlwdf k|:tfljt !) cf]6f gofF ;x/xsf] lgdf{0fsf]
nflu hUuf vl/b sfo{ cl3 a9fOPsf] 5 .
cGt/;DalGwt If]qx
>d tyf /f]huf/L
t]x|f}F of]hgf cjlwdf /fli6o /f]huf/ gLlt sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] 5 eg] /f]huf/L k|Tofe"lt
sfg'gsf] d:of}bf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . !* cf]6f lhNnfxdf /f]huf/ ;"rgf tyf k/fdz{ s]Gdfkm{t\
a]/f]huf/xsf] nut tyf l/Qm kbsf] clen]v cBfjlws ul/Psf] 5 . cf=j= @)&)&! df
j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu clGtd :jLs[lt lnPsf] ;\Vof %,@&,*!$ hgf /x]sf]df cf=j=
@)&!&@ df ;f] ;\Vof @=* k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 .
ul/aL lgjf/0f
ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;\VofnfO{ @#=* k|ltztaf6 !* k|ltztdf emfg]{ nIo lnO{ ;'?
ePsf] t]x|f}F of]hgfdf ljleGg lgsfoxdfkm{t\ nlIft sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/Psf lyP . of]hgf
cjlwdf ;Lkd"ns tyf /f]huf/d"ns tflnd, Ifdtf clej[l4, ljleGg ;fwg ;|f]tdf lk5l8Psf /
;LdfGts[t ju{ / ;d'bfosf] kx'Fr, :j/f]huf/sf] nflu shf{ / ;dfj]lztfsf] cfwf/df
;xeflutfsf] cj;/h:tf sfo{qmdx d'Vo kdf ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ . a]/f]huf/ o'jfxnfO{
:j/f]huf/ sf]if / k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\af6 ;Lkd"ns tyf :j/f]huf/
tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . ul/asf] klxrfg / juL{s/0f u/L kl/rokqsf] cfwf/df nlIft
sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{sf] yfngL ePsf] 5 . Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{, k|f]T;fxg:jk cg'bfg
k|bfg ug]{ tyf /f]huf/sf nflu shf{ k|jfx ug]{ sfo{qmdx k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf] eP tfklg If]qLo
;Gt'ng, lg/Gt/tf / kof{Kttftkm{ Wofg k'Ug' h?/L 5 .

14 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


jftfj/0f tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g
t]x|f}F of]hgfdf jftfj/0fLo k|efj tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu xl/t
ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff NofOPsf] 5 . ;fy}, jftfj/0f P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf] k'g/fjnf]sg, hf]lvd
kbfy{ lgodfjnL, /;folgs dfqf lgwf{/0f;DaGwL dfkb08h:tf sfg'gL tyf gLltut Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 . :yfgLo cg's"ng sfo{of]hgfdfkm{t\ ! nfv %) xhf/ gful/s k|ToIf nfeflGjt
ePsf 5g\ . OFfefdf ;'wfl/Psf] k|ljlw, jftfj/0fLo gd'gf k|of]uzfnf, jftfj/0fLo k|efj
d"Nof\sg k/LIf0f / w'Fjf w'nf] k/LIf0fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5 .
n}\lus ;dfgtf tyf dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f
;a} ;fdflhs ;d"x, ju{ / If]qsf dlxnfxsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts ;zQmLs/0f
;'lglZrt ub}{ dlxnf lx+;f, lje]b / alxis/0fsf] cGTo ug]{ p2]Zon] of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/ -lgjf/0f_
P]g, af]S;L;DaGwL -s;'/ / ;hfo_ P]g th{'df ePsf] 5 . Psn dlxnf ;'/Iff sf]if lgodfjnL /
;~rfng dfkb08 sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] 5 . /fHosf ;a} c\uxnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg] k|of;sf]
kmn:jk dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj pNn]Vo kdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . cf=j= @)&@&# df k|ToIf
n}\lus pQ/bfoL ah]6 @@=# k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmddf nlIft ;d"x ;b:o
;\Vof * nfv (@ xhf/ gf3]sf] 5 .
zflGt tyf ;'zf;g
zflGt, k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g:yfkgf
t]x|f}F of]hgfdf hgcfGbf]ng / ;z:q Gsf] qmddf hLjg pT;u{ u/]sf ;xLbsf] ;Ddfg,
a]kQfsf] vf]hL, G kLl8tsf] nflu /fxt tyf k'g:yf{kgf, k'gP{sLs/0f / ;\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo
k|bfg ug{ tyf Iflt ePsf ;+/rgf lgdf{0f Pjd\ dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{sf] nflu sfo{qmdx
;~rfng ePsf 5g\ . a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmxsf] 5fglag cfof]u / ;Tolgk0f tyf d]nldnfk
cfof]u u7g ePsf 5g\ . of]hgfsf] klxnf] b'O{ jif{df Gdf Hofg u'dfPsf !!,#)@ kl/jf/nfO{
k|ltkl/jf/ clwstd ?= % nfv / !$,$!! hgfnfO{ hgxL clwstd ?= Ps nfv /fxt k|bfg
ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} !,!^@ a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf xsbf/nfO{ clwstd ?= % nfv / $,$$(
hgf G k|efljt ljwjf tyf Psn dlxnfnfO{ /fxt k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . hgcfGbf]ngsf #) hgf
3fOt]nfO{ dfl;s j[lQ, #* hgfnfO{ 5fqj[lQ / #,@!^ hgfnfO{ /fxt k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . %%&
cf]6f Ifltu|:t ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
;'zf;g
t]xf}F of]hgfdf sfg'gL /fHosf] d"NodfGotfnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ /fHo ;+oGqsf ;Dk"0f{ If]qdf
;xeflutf, kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]lxtf / e|i6frf/df z"Go ;xgzLntfsf] cj:yf l;h{gf u/L ;'zf;g
sfod ug]{ p2]Zocg'k Ifltk"lt{;lxtsf] gful/s a8fkqsf] Joj:yf, ;]jfk|jfx / sfof{nodf
ljB'tLo zf;g, c6f]d]zg, g]6jls{, ;/sf/L vr{nfO{ j]e;fO6dfkm{t\ ;fj{hlgsLs/0f,

kl/ro | 15
;"rs;lxtsf] sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tfh:tf k|fjwfgxsf] k|f/De ul/Psf] 5 . lghfdtL ;]jf P]g /
lgodfjnLnfO{ ;fdlos agfpg ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] 5 .
sfg'gL zf;gsf] clgjfo{ ;t{sf] kdf :jtGq / ;Ifd Gofok|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf, ljBdfg
sfg'gsf] ;'wf/ / kl/dfh{gsf] nflu cWoog cg';Gwfg eO/x]sf] 5 . b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L
sfg'gsf] ;+lxtf ljw]os k]z ePsf] 5 . cfdgful/ssf] Gofodf ;dfg / ;xh kx'Frsf] nflu
;+:yfut, sfg'gL / k|lqmofut ;'wf/ ul/Psf] 5 . afn Gofo k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ tyf dlxnf
;+j]bgzLn d'2fdf zL3| Gofo k|bfg ug]{ k|of; ePsf 5g\ .
e|i6frf/sf] cg';Gwfgsf] nflu clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf ph'/L Joj:yfkg
k|lqmofdf ;'wf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . ;+:yfut Ifdtf lj:tf/ ug{ cfof]usf
If]qLo tyf ;Dks{ sfof{nox vf]lnPsf 5g\ .

!=@=# ul/aL, /f]huf/L / dfgj ljsf;


d'n'sdf JofKt ul/aL ljsf; k|of;sf] Ps k|d'v r'gf}tL aGb} cfPsf] 5 . ul/aLsf] ;3gtf
ljz]ifu/L b'u{d tyf u|fdL0f If]qdf a9L 5 . pj{/ e"ldnufot cGo k|fs[lts ;fwg ;|f]t,
pTkfbgd"ns Joj;fo / /f]huf/Ldf ul/asf] kx'Fr cToGt Go"g /x]sf] 5 . ljsf; ;x/s]lGb|t
ePsf] 5 eg] b'u{d tyf kxf8L If]qdf 5l/P/ /x]sf a:tLxdf k"jf{wf/ ;'ljwf k'ofpg sl7g
ePsf] 5 .
ljut b'O{ bzsb]lv ljleGg cfjlws ljsf; of]hgfxn] ul/aL Go"gLs/0fnfO{ k|d'v p2]Zosf]
kdf /fVb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 . tL of]hgfxn] ;~rfng u/]sf ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{qmd, nlIft
sfo{qmdx, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd / j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 k|fKt ljk|]if0fsf] kmn:jk ul/aL
Go"gLs/0f tyf dfgj ljsf; ;"rsxdf pNn]Vo kdf ;'wf/ ePsf] 5 . @)%# sf] g]kfn
hLjg:t/ ;e]{If0faf6 ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;\Vof $@ k|ltzt /x]sf]df t]x|f}F of]hgfsf]
k|f/Dedf cfOk'Ubf @#=* k|ltztdf em/]sf] lyof] eg] t]x|f}F of]hgfn] o;nfO{ !* k|ltztdf emfg]{
nIo lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lyof] .
t]x|f}F of]hgfn] pNn]lvt nIo xfl;n ug{ pTkfbsd"ns /f]huf/Lsf cj;/xsf] ljsf; ug]{,
pTkfbsTj j[l4, Gofof]lrt ljt/0f, >dd"ns k|ljlwsf] k|of]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg], Go"gtd /f]huf/L
k|Tofe"t of]hgf nfu" ug]{, u|fdL0f tyf ;x/L ul/aL nlIft sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ug]{ cflb gLlt
lnPsf] lyof] . ;fy}, u/La klxrfg / juL{s/0f u/L ul/a 3/kl/jf/nfO{ ;zQmLs/0f / Ifdtf
ljsf; ug]{, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, vfB ;'/Iff, sfg'gL ;r]tgf tyf ljk|]if0faf6 k|fKt cfonfO{
pTkfbgd"ns /f]huf/Ldf kl/rfng ug]{ gLlt / sfo{qmdx ljleGg ljifo If]qut sfo{qmdxleq}
;dfj]z u/L sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy}, of]hgf cjlwdf gofF /f]huf/Lsf] ;[hgf ug]{,
cgf}krfl/s If]qdf s]lGb|t cb[Zo a]/f]huf/L 36fpg], s[lifdf cfl>t cfjZostfeGbf a9L

16 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


hg;\VofnfO{ u}/s[lif If]qdf :yfgfGt/0f u/fpg], :j/f]huf/nfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ / ;xsfl/tfnfO{
ul/aL Gog"gLs/0f sfo{qmd;Fu cfa4 ug]{ k|of;x ePsf 5g\ .
t]x|f}F of]hgf cjlwdf j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 k|fKt ljk|]if0f, s[lif tyf u}/s[lif If]qdf ePsf]
Hofnf j[l4, ljkGg, k5fl8 k/]sf / ;LdfGts[t ju{ / If]qsf hgtfsf] nflu ;~rflnt ;fdflhs
;'/Iff tyf ;+/If0f;DaGwL sfo{qmdnufotsf cGo nlIft sfo{qmdxsf] kmn:jk ul/aLsf]
/]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;\Vof @#=* k|ltztaf6 @!=^ k|ltztdf em/]sf] cg'dfg 5 .
ul/aL Go"gLs/0f ug{df >d ahf/df l;h{gf ePsf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/xsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf
/xG5 . t/ s'n hg;\Vofsf] sl/a %& k|ltzt cfly{s kn] ;lqmo hgzlQmdWo] Go"g ;\Vofn]
dfq k"0f{ / pTkfbgd"ns /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . s'n hg;\Vofsf] sl/a #)
k|ltzt cw{ a]/f]huf/ / @=# k|ltzt k"0f{ a]/f]huf/ /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . d'n'sdf nufgL ug]{ pko'Qm
jftfj/0fsf] cefjsf] sf/0f pBf]u / ;]jfsf] If]qdf cfzftLt ljsf; x'g g;Sbf ;lqmo
hgzlQmsf] 7"nf] lx:;f s[lifdf cfl>t /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . s[lif If]qdf klg kof{Kt l;FrfO /
cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L cfw'lgsLs/0f / Jofj;foLs/0f x'g g;Sbf s[lifdf cfl>t hgzlQm
klg cw{ a]/f]huf/Lsf] rk]6fdf k/]sf] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ul/asf] 7"nf] lx:;f s[lifdf cfl>t x'g' t/
s[lif If]qsf] j[l4b/ Go"g ePaf6 ul/aLdf pNn]Vo ;'wf/ cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
t]x|f}F of]hgfn] jflif{s cf};t #=@ k|ltztsf b/n] /f]huf/L j[l4 ug]{ nIo lnPsf]df s]jn @=(
k|ltztn] dfq j[l4 ePsf] 5 . jflif{s sl/a $ nfv %) xhf/ JolQm >d ahf/df k|j]z ul//x]sf]
xfnsf] cj:yfdf d'n'sleq kof{Kt /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/x ;[hgf x'g g;Sbf j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lk|ltsf]
cfsif{0f cem} klg a9\bf] b]lvG5 . b}lgs sl/a !,%)) o'jf j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu ljb]lzPsf]
cj:yf 5 . o;/L d'n'ssf] o'jfzlQm ljb]zdf uO{ >d / kl;gf a]Rg'k/]sf] cj:yfn] ljk]|if0fsf]
dfWodaf6 ljb]zL d'b|f :jb]z lelqg] u/]sf] b]lvP tfklg ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] dfWodaf6 d'n'snfO{
bL3{sfnLg kdf cfTdlge{/ / lbuf] cfly{s j[l4 ug{df of]ubfg k'ofpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf of]hgfsf] k|f/Dedf )=$^# /x]sf]df To;af6 j[l4 eO{ )=%$) k'u]sf]
5 . lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgLh:tf If]qxdf ;x>fAbL ljsf; nIo xfl;n eO;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .
t]x|f+} of]hgf cjlwdf ck]lIft cfo' &! jif{ k'ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df ;f] nIo xfl;n ePsf] cg'dfg
5 . ;fIf/tf b/ -!%@$ jif{ pd]/df_ () k|ltzt k'ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df **=^ k|ltzt k'u]sf]
5 . k|fyldstxdf v'b egf{b/ (^=^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . dft[ d[To'b/ -k|ltnfv hLljt hGddf_
@*! Aff6 !#$ df emfg]{ nIo /x]sf]df @%* df em/]sf]] 5 . vfg]kfgL ;]jf / ;/;kmfO ;'ljwf
k'u]sf] hg;\Vof qmdzM (%=) k|ltzt / ()=% k|ltzt k'ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df qmdzM *#=^
k|ltzt / *! k|ltzt k'u]sf] cg'dfg 5 .
t]x|f}F of]hgfn] lj=;+= @)&( leq g]kfnnfO{ cltsd ljsl;t /fi6af6 ljsf;ZfLn /fi6df
:t/f]Gglt ug]{ bL3{sfnLg ;f]r /fv]sf] lyof] . o;sf] nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6 ;\3n] k|ltJolQm /fli6o
cfo, dfgj ;DklQ ;"rsf\s / cfly{s hf]lvd ;"rsf\s u/L tLgcf]6f dfkb08 lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
5 . tL dfkb08xsf] ;DaGwdf dfgj ;DklQ ;"rsf\s ^^ eGbfdfly x'g'kg]{, cfly{s hf]lvd

kl/ro | 17
;"rsf\s #@ eGbf tn x'g'kg]{ / k|ltJolQm /fli6o cfo !@$@ cd]l/sL 8n/ k'u]sf] x'g'kg]{ u/L
;Ldf klg tf]s]sf] 5 . t]x|f}F of]hgf cjlwdf klxnf] b'O{cf]6f ;"rsf\sxdf ;sf/fTds k|j[lQ
b]lvPsf] 5 . of]hgfsf] ;'?df ^@=@ /x]sf] dfgj ;DklQ ;"rsf\sdf j[l4 eO{ ^( k'u]sf] 5 .
cfly{s hf]lvd ;"rsf\s @&=*% af6 @& df em/]sf] 5 . of]hgf cjlwdf k|ltJolQm /fli6o cfo
&@! cd]l/sL 8n/Aff6 j[l4 u/L ()@ 8n/ k'ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df cf=j= @)&@&# df (@(
8n/ k'u]sf] 5 . ljsf;ZfLn /fi6df :t/f]Gglt x'gsf nflu tf]s]sf] pQm ;"rsf\sxdWo] dfgj
;DklQ ;"rsf\s / cfly{s hf]lvd ;"rsf\ssf xsdf lgwf{l/t ;Ldf kf/ u/]sf]] b]lvG5 eg]
k|ltJolQm /fli6o cfosf] nIo k"/f x'g;s]sf] 5}g . ctM tLgcf]6f ;"rsf\sxdWo] cl3Nnf
b'O{cf]6f ;"rsf\sxdf ;sf/fTds k|j[lQ b]lvO{ lemgf] kdf dfkb08 k'u]sf] b]lvP tfklg
k|ltJolQm /fli6o cfo dxjk"0f{ x'g]x'Fbf o;df pNn]Vo j[l4 geP;Dd ljsf;zLn /fi6df
:t/f]Gglt x'gsf] nflu cem} lgs} k|of; ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .

!=# ;x>fAbL ljsf; NfIosf] k|ult ;dLIff


;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIonfO{ g]kfnn] bzf}F of]hgfb]lv g} cfjlws of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ub}{ cfPsf]
5 . ;f]cg';f/ ;fdflhs ljsf;sf If]qdf pNn]Vo ;fwg ljlgof]hg, cfjZostfsf] klxrfg / rf/
k6s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L] k|ultsf] ;dLIff / ;Dk|]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . ctM bzjif]{ cfGtl/s G /
To;kl5sf] ;\qmd0fsfnsf afjh'b xfn} d:of}bf ul/Psf] clGtd k|ltj]bgcg';f/ clwsf+z
nIox xfl;n ePsf 5g\ .
nIo ! cg';f/sf] ul/aL Go"gLs/0fdf pNn]vgLo k|ult xfl;n ePsf] 5 . ;g\ !((% df $@
k|ltzt hg;\Vof ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf]df ;g\ @)!^ df @!=^ k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5 . o;/L
x]bf{ g]kfnn] ul/aLnfO{ cfwf 36fpg] nIo xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . To;f] eP tfklg If]qLo lx;fan]
;'b"/klZrdf~rn tyf s0ff{nL If]q / blnt Pjd\ lk5l8Psf] hghflt ;d"xdf tyf ;x/L If]qsf]
t'ngfdf u|fdL0f If]qdf ul/aLsf] cj:yf bogLo 5 .
nIo @ cg';f/ k|fylds txdf v'b egf{b/ (^=^ k|ltzt, !% b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf]
;fIf/tfb/ **=^ k|ltzt / k|fylds txdf l6sfpb/ *^=* k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 eg] n}\lus ;dtf
;"rs ;db/df k'u]sf] l:ylt 5 . lzIff If]qdf nufgL pNNf]vgLo Kfdf j[l4 x'g', ljBfno txsf]
lzIffdf ljsf; ;fem]bf/;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf ljifo If]qut sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g', 5fqj[lQ, lbjf
vfhf sfo{qmd, 5fqfxsf nflu k[ys zf}rfno cflb sfo{qmdsf] sf/0f egf{b/sf] nIo xfl;n
x'g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ ckf\utf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] ljBfnodf ;xh kxF'r gx'g', ljBfno
5f]8\g]b/ cem} klg pRr x'g', ;fj{hlgs ljBfnosf] u'0f:t/ sdhf]/ /xg' / e"sDkn] ljBfno
ejgnufotsf k"jf{wf/ Ifltu|:t x'g'h:tf sf/0fn] k|fKt pknlAwxnfO{ l6sfO/fVg' k|d'v
r'gf}tLsf] kdf /x]sf] 5 .
nIo # cg';f/ Kf|fylds tyf dfWolds ljBfno txdf n}\lus ;dtfb/ qmdzM )=(( /
!=) k|ltzt k'u]sf], !% b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dlxnf tyf k'?ifaLrsf] ;fIf/tfb/sf] cGt/

18 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


sd ePsf], lghfdtL ;]jfdf dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt Ps bzscl3sf] t'ngfdf bf]Aa/ k'u]sf] /
Joj:yflksf ;+;b\df dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt sl/a Ps t[tLof+z k'u]sfn] n}\lus ;dfgtf;DaGwL of]
nIo xfl;n ePsf] 5 .
nIo $ cg';f/sf ljleGg ;"rsxdf pNn]vgLo pknlAw xfl;n ePsf] 5 . afn d[To'b/,
lzz' d[To'b/ / bfb'/flj4sf] vf]k u/L # cf]6} ;"rsxdf pNNf]Vo k|ult ePsf] 5 . ;g\ !(()
df lzz' d[To'b/ -k|ltxhf/ hLljt hGddf_ !)* /x]sf]df of] ;\Vof ;g\ @)!$ df ## df em/]sf]
5 . o;}u/L ;g\ !(() df afn d[To'b/ -k|ltxhf/ hLljt hGddf_ !^@ /x]sf]df ;g\ @)!$ df
#* df em/]sf] 5 . bfb'/flj4sf] vf]k (@ k|ltztdf k'usf] 5 .
g]kfndf ;g\ !(() df *%) /x]sf] dft[ d[To'b/ ;g\ @)!# df @%* df em/]sf] 5 . nIo %
adf]lhd dft[ d[To'b/ Go"gLs/0f ug{df pNn]vgLo k|ult u/]sfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6;\3sf]] dxf;efaf6
g]kfn k'/:s[t klg ePsf] 5 . dft[ :jf:Yodf ;sf/fTds ;'wf/ ug{ lgMz'Ns k|;"lt ;]jf, oftfoft
vr{, b'u{d If]qdf sfd ug]{ :jf:YosdL{xnfO{ pTk|]/0ff lbg] tyf :yfgLo :jf:YosdL{ tyf
;'8]gLnfO{ tflnd lbg]nufot ue{ktgnfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf k|bfg ug]{ gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] k|an
e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . s'n k|hggb/ 36\g', kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgxsf] k|of]u a9\g', tflnd k|fKt
:jf:YosdL{sf] ;xof]udf ;'Ts]/L x'g]sf] ;\Vof a9\g' / ue{jtLsf] ;dodf :jf:YosdL{sf] ;]jf
;Nnfx lng]sf] ;\Vof a9\g'n] ;d]t dft[ d[To'b/ 36fpg ;3fPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
nIo ^ df Pr\cfOeL, Ifo/f]u / cf}nf] /f]u;DaGwL ;"rsx /x]sf 5g\ . o; nIoadf]lhd
!%-$( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dlxnf tyf k'?ifxdf Pr\cfOle ;\qmd0fb/ ;g\ @))) df )=@(
k|ltzt /x]sf]df @)!% df )=@) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L !% b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xdf
;\qmd0fb/ *) k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 . Ifo/f]u;DaGwL w]/}h;f] nIo klg xfl;n ePsf] 5 . cf}nf]
/f]usf xsdf d[To'b/ z"Go k'u]sfn] of] /f]u pGd"ng x'g] l:yltdf k'u]sf] 5 .
g]kfnn] nIo & df /x]sf] lbuf] ljsf;;DaGwL nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu jftfj/0fLo ;|f]t
;fwgxsf] Ifo x'g glbg gLlt tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ul//x]sf] 5 . kmn:jk sltko
;"rsxdf ;sf/fTds ;'wf/ b]lvPsf] 5 . ;g\ @))) df 3/fo;L OGwgsf nflu bfp/fsf] k|of]u
ug]{ kl/jf/ ^* k|ltzt /x]sf]df ;g\ @)!% df %( df em/]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf PnlkhL Uof;
k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/ &=& k|ltztaf6 a9]/ @*=& k|ltztdf k'u]sf] 5 . o;}u/L jgn] 9fs]sf] If]qkmn
$$=& / ;+/lIft If]q @#=% k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . ;'wfl/Psf] vfg]kfgL ;+/rgfdf *#=^ k|ltzt
3/kl/jf/sf] kxF'r k'u]sf] 5 eg] *! k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/df ;/;kmfO ;'ljwf k'u]sf] 5 .
;du|df, ;x>fAbL ljsf; nIo xfl;n;DaGwL k|ult pT;fxhgs /x]sf] 5 . ul/aL 36\g',
ljBfno egf{b/ tyf ljBfno txdf n}\lUfs ;dtfb/ pNNf]v kdf ;'wf/ x'g', lzz'afndft[
d[To'b/ 36\g', vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf If]qdf pNn]Vo ;'wf/ x'g' ;sf/fTds ;\s]t x'g\ . t/,
/fli6o cf};tdf xfl;n ePsf sltko nIonfO{ v08Ls[t ubf{ ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]q tyf
;fdflhs ;d"xaLr ljleGgtf /x]sf] / kl/df0ffTds kdf nIo xfl;n eP klg u'0ffTds

kl/ro | 19
lx;fadf sdhf]/L /x]sfn] o; l:yltdf ;'wf/ cfjZos 5 . o;}u/L a9\bf] Jofkf/ 3f6f, hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf gsf/fTds c;/x, pmhf{ ;\s6nufot k"jf{wf/xsf] sdL /xg' / ;du| cfly{s
;fdflhs ;"rsx psf:gsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ cfly{s j[l4b/ Go"g /xg'h:tf r'gf}tLx /x]sf
5g\ . o;df ljgfzsf/L e"sDkn] yk r'gf}tL yk]sf] 5 . o;}n] xfl;n ePsf pknlAwnfO{ vl:sg
glbg], ck"/f NfIox xfl;n ug]{ / plNnlvt r'gf}tLxnfO{ ;dfwfg ug]{u/L lbuf] ljsf;sf
nIo;DaGwL sfo{qmdnfO{ cfufdL of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdxdf ;d]6\g'kg]{ l:ylt 5 .

20 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


kl/R5]b M @
rf}wf} of]hgf
-cfly{s jif{ @)&#&$ @)&%&^_

@=! k[i7e"ld
rf}wf}F of]hgf ;\3Lo :jksf] zf;sLo Joj:yf;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L eO{ To;df
cGtlg{lxt cfly{s, ;fdflhs l;4fGt sfof{Gjog ug{'kg]{ klxnf] of]hgf xf] . To:t} @)&@ ;fnsf]
ljgfzsf/L e"sDkn] k'ofPsf] Ifltsf] k'glg{df{0f ub}{ pTyfgzLn g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug{'kg]{ / blIf0fL
;Ldf If]qdf ePsf] cj/f]waf6/fli6o cfk"lt{ Joj:yf c:tJo:t eO{ cy{tGqsf ljleGg kIfxdf
kg{ uPsf] c;/af6 kf7 l;Sb} cfufdL lbgxdf :jfwLg / cfTdlge{/ cy{tGq lgdf{0f ug{'kg]{tkm{
of] of]hgf cled'v x'g'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm ;+o'Qm /fi6 ;\3sf] dxf;efaf6 ;j{;Ddt
kdf ;g\ @)#) ;Dd xfl;n ul/;Sg] k|lta4tf;lxt :jLsf/ ul/Psf lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox /
g]kfnsf] To; a]nf;Dd dWod cfoju{sf] d'n'sxsf] :t/df k'Ug] nIo;d]t xfl;n x'g]u/L of]hgf
/ jflif{s sfo{qmd to ug]{ klg of] klxnf] cj;/ /x]sf] 5 . gofF ;ljwfg lgdf{0f;Fu} ljsf;k|lt
hgcf\sfIff x\jfQ} a9]sf] ;Gbe{df ;d]t of]hgfn] tL ck]IffxnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ hfg'kg]{ ePsf]
5 . rf}wf}F of]hgfsf] cfwf/kq tof/ ubf{ log} tYoxnfO{ Wofgdf /flvPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf]
;+ljwfgn] kl/nlIft u/]sf] /fli6o cy{tGqnfO{ ;dfhjfb pGd'v, cfTdlge{/, :jtGq tyf
pGgltzLn agfpg] ;f]rnfO{ sfof{Gjog ub}{ lbuf]kg;lxtsf] ;d[l4sf] dfu{df /fi6nfO{ cufl8
a9fpg]tkm{ rf}wf}F of]hgfnfO{ pGd'v u/fpg' cfjZos 5 .
rf}wf}F of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf xfn;Dd xfl;n x'gg;s]sf ;x>fAbL ljsf;sf
nIoxnfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox xfl;n ub}{ @)*& ;Dd dWod cfDbfgL
ePsf] d'n'ssf] kdf :t/f]Gglt ug]{tkm{ k|oTg ug{ cfjZos 5 . To;}u/L /f]huf/d'vL /
Gofof]lrt ljt/0f;lxtsf] cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n ug{ ;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ kl/k"/s
kdf kl/rfng ug{' cfjZos 5 . oL tLgcf]6} If]qaf6 yk nufgL / nufgLsf] pTkfbsTj j[l4sf]
dfWodaf6 pRr cfly{s j[l4b/ xfl;n ug]{, k|ltJolQm cfonfO{ l5} dWod cfDbfgL ePsf]
d'n'sdf :t/f]Gglt x'g] :t/df k'ofpg] / cGttM lbuf] cfly{s ;d[l4 xfl;n ug]{tkm{ rf}wf}F
of]hgfnfO{ s]lGt ul/Psf] 5 .

@=@ r'gf}tL tyf cj;/


r'gf}tL
'tt/ cfly{s j[l4b/ / To;sf] Gofok"0f{ ljt/0fdfkm{t\ zL3| ul/aL lgjf/0f ug]{, dfgj
ljsf;sf kIfdf pNn]Vo j[l4 ug]{ / ;du| cy{tGqnfO{ ;d[l4 / lbuf] cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;sf]

rf}wf}+ of]hgf | 21
kydf n}hfg] sfo{ lgs} r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 . cfly{s j[l4;Fu;Fu} cfosf] ljt/0fdf cfpg;Sg] c;dfgtf
36fO g]kfnnfO{ ;fdflhs Gofodf cfwfl/t ;dtfd"ns tyf nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHosf] kdf
:yflkt ug{ klg Tolts} h?/L 5 . ;3g cfly{s If]qsf] lj:tf/dfkm{t\ /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf
u/L hg;f\lVos nfef+zsf] clwstd pkof]u ug]{ / :jb]zdf g} kof{Kt sfdsf cj;/x l;h{gf
ug]{ sfo{ klg r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 . To:t}, lgjf{xd'vL s[lifnfO{ kfGt/0f u/L k|lt:kwf{Tds Pj+
Joj;fod'vL agfpFb} o;nfO{ d'n'ssf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;df cfa4 ug]{ sfo{ emg} r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 .
pmhf{;6 x6fpg], k|sf]k;DaGwL ;DefJo hf]lvdxsf] Go"gLs/0f ub}{ cfly{s;fdflhs ljsf;sf
;a} k|of;xnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"n agfpg] sfo{ cem 7"nf] r'gf}tLsf] kdf /x]sf] 5 .
k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0f tyf ljsf; / cfa4tf;Fu} u|fdL0f / ;x/L ljsf;nfO{ cGt/;DalGwt t'NofO{
o;nfO{ cfly{s j[l4sf] ;|f]tsf] kdf :yflkt ug{'kg]{5 .
ljsf; sfo{qmdnfO{ PsLs[t ug]{ sfo{;Fu;Fu} lgIf]k0f;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{
hgtfsf] clt glhssf] zf;sLo tx;Dd ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] k|jfx / ljt/0fnfO{ lglZrttf k|bfg
ug{ ;fj{hlgs ljQLo Joj:yfkgnufot cGo zf;sLo ;'wf/;DaGwL sfo{x yk r'gf}tLsf
kdf /x]sf 5g\ . k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo tx;Dd ljsf; Joj:yfkgsf] Ifdtf a9fpFb} ;a} txdf
hjfkmb]xL, :jR5 / k|efjsf/L ljsf; k|zf;g sfod ug]{ sfo{ klg r'gf}tLs} kdf /x]sf] 5 .
/fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfsf] sfo{ l56f] ;DkGg ub}{ k|fb]lzs Pj+ :yfgLo ljsf;sf] g]t[Tj oyf;Dej l56f]
lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwxaf6 g} u/fpg] r'gf}tL;Fu} s]GLo of]hgf sfof{Gjog k|0ffnLnfO{ klg ;'b[9
t'Nofpg'kg]{5 .
cj;/
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L eP;Fu} /fhg}lts ;d:ofxsf] ;dfwfg x'guO{ d'n's cfly{s tyf
;fdflhs ljsf;sf] r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . pj{/ hldg, hn;|f]t, jg, vfgL, h}ljs ljljwtf Pj+
ef}uf]lns ;'Gb/tfh:tf k|fs[lts ;|f]txsf] a'l4dtfk"0f{ pkof]uaf6 ;d[l4 xfl;n ug{;Sg] k|;:t
;Defjgf 5g\ . s'n hg;\Vofdf cfly{s kn] ;lqmo x'g] hg;\Vofsf] cg'kft a9\b} hfg'sf
;fy} cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;nfO{ 'ttf k|bfg ug{ :j:y / qmdzM lzlIft x'Fb} uO/x]sf] ;Ifd
hgzlQm ljsf; x'Fb}5 . hg;f\lVos nfef+z, h'g nfdf] ;do;Dd pknAw x'gg;Sg] ljZj
cg'ejn] k|dfl0ft u/];s]sf] 5, cfufdL tLg rf/ bzs;Dd pknAw x'b}F5 . pkof]u x'g} g;s]sf
tyf sd pkof]u eO/x]sf ef}lts tyf cGo k"jf{wf/ pkof]u ug]{ cj;/ 5 .
xfn;Ddsf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s If]qdf ePsf] nufgLsf] pRrtd k|ltkmn lng;Sg] cj:yf
5 . cfly{s kn] ;lqmo hg;\Vofsf] cfwfcfwL hg;\Vof ;xsf/L tyf ;fd'bflos k|0ffnLdf
cfa4 ePsf] 5 . h'g cfkm}+df ;xeflutfd"ns ljsf;sf nflu cfwf/lznf alg;s]sf] 5 . ;xsf/L
/ lghL b'j} If]q k|j4{g ug]{ ;/sf/L gLltaf6 k|fKt cj;/sf] pkof]u ub}{ d'n'snfO{ cfly{s kn]
;d[4 agfpg ;/sf/;Fu kl/k"/ssf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ tTk/ 5g\ . e"sDkaf6 ePsf] ljgfz /
blIf0fL ;Ldf If]qdf ePsf] cj/f]waf6 c;Xo kL8f / Iflt eP klg b'j}n] ;Gt'lnt cGt/lge{/tfsf]
cfwf/df cfTdlge{/tf / lbuf] ljsf; cufl8 a9fpg cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . cGt/;/sf/L

22 | rf}wf}+ of]hgf, cfwf/kq


d~r, cGt/f{li6o tyf If]qLo ;\3;+:yfdfkm{t\ ljsf;df ;fem]bf/L / pRr j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf]
k|lta4tf k|fKt 5 . u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLnufotaf6 j}b]lzs nufgL qmdzM cfslif{t eO/x]sf 5g\ .
l5d]sL d'n'sdf 't lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] dWod juL{o hglx:;fn] g]kfnsf] ko{6g, j}b]lzs nufgL,
lgof{t Pj+ sltko ;]jf If]qsf] lj:tf/ ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt 5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 k|fKt ;Lk, k'FhL
/ pBdzLntfaf6 g]kfnnfO{ afXo hutaf6 1fg, k|ljlw / k'FhL kl/rfng ug{ yk cj;/ k|bfg
u/]sf] 5 .

@=# ;f]r
:jfwLg, ;d'Ggt tyf ;dfhjfb pGd'v /fli6o cy{tGq Pj+ ;d[4 g]kfnL .
@=$ nIo
;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf] nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHo x'Fb} dWod cfo ePsf d'n'ssf] :t/df k'Ug] .

@=% p2]Zo
pTkfbgzLn /f]huf/L pGd'v / Gofok"0f{ ljt/0f;lxtsf] pRr cfly{s j[l4f/f 't ultdf
ul/aL Go"gLs/0f ub}{ cfly{s ;fdflhs kfGt/0f ug'{ .

@=^ kl/df0ffTds nIo


rf}wf}F of]hgfsf s]xL k|d'v cfly{s ;fdflhs nIo tflnsf g+= @=! df pNn]v u/]adf]lhd
sfod ul/Psf 5g\ .
tflnsf @=! M k|d'v cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ef}lts nIox
rf}wf} of]hgfsf]
qm=;+= ;"rsnIo cf=j= @)&@&# nIo
sf] l:ylt
-@)&%&^ df_
!= jflif{s cf}ift cfly{s j[l4b/ -k|ltzt_ 0.77 7. 0

@= s[lif If]qsf] jflif{s cf};t j[l4b/ -k|ltzt_ 1.33 . 0

#= u}/s[lif If]qsf] jflif{s cf};t j[l4b/ -k|ltzt_ 0.63 8. 0

$= d'b|f:kmLltb/ 9.5 7.5

%= ufx{:Yo k|ltJolQm cfDbfgL -?= xhf/df_ . 0 .70

^= ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lgsf] hg;\Vof -k|ltzt_ . 0 . 0

&= dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf . . 7

*= n}ls ;zQmLs/0f ;"rsf 0.56 .

(= ck]lIft cfo' -hGd]sf] ;dodf, jif{_ 71

!)= vfg]kfgL ;]jf k'u]sf] hg;\Vofsf] -k|ltzt_ 83.60 0.00

rf}wf}+ of]hgf | 23
rf}wf} of]hgfsf]
cf=j= @)&@&#
qm=;+= ;"rsnIo nIo
sf] l:ylt
-@)&%&^ df_
!!= dfWolds txdf v'b egf{b/ -k|ltzt_ . 0 45. 0
!@= !%@$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf] ;fIf/tfb/ 88.60 91.00

!#= ;8s oftfoftn] hf]l8Psf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt , , 7

-;\Vof_*
!$= ljB't\ pTkfbg -hl8t Ifdtf, d]ufjf6_ 829 2,279

!%= ljB'tdf kx'Fr k|fKt hg;\Vof -k|ltzt_ 74.00 .00

!^= l;FrfO -x]S6/ nfvdf_ 13.96 . 0

!&= OG6/g]6 ;]jfdf kx'Fr k|fKt hg;\Vof -k|ltzt_ . 0 5. 0


* ef}uf]lns ljs6tf, jftfj/0fLo k|lts"ntf / k|fljlws sf/0fn] tTsfn ;Dej gx'g] *% cf]6f afx]s ljBdfg
;Dk"0f{ ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx .

@=& /0fgLlt
pNn]lvt ;f]r, nIo / p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ lgDgfg';f/ kfFr k|d'v /0fgLltx cl3 ;fl/Psf
5g\ M
!= s[lif If]qsf] kfGt/0f, ko{6g, cf}Bf]lus Pj+ ;fgf tyf demf}nf Joj;fosf]
lj:tf/dfkm{t\ pTkfbg j[l4 ug]{ .
@= pmhf{, ;8s tyf xjfO{ oftfoft, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ / u|fdL0f;x/L tyf lqb]zLo
cfa4tf ljsf;sf nflu k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug]{ .
#= ;fdflhs ljsf; / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff Pj+ ;fdflhs ;+/If0fdf hf]8 lbFb} dfgj ljsf;df
pRr tyf lbuf] ;'wf/ ug]{ .
$= cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pj+ zf;sLo ;'wf/, s'zn Pj+ hjfkmb]xL ;fj{hlgs ljQ, :jR5,
kf/bzL{ / hgd}qL ;fj{hlgs ;]jf Pj+ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{g ub}{ ;du|
;'zf;g k|j4{g ug]{ .
%= n}ls ;dfgtf, ;dfj]zLs/0f, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] pRrtd k|of]u
tyf ;+:yfut Ifdtf a9fpg] .

@=* cfly{s;fdflhs ljsf;df ljleGg If]qsf] e"ldsf


;/sf/L If]q
;/sf/L If]qsf] e"ldsf /0fgLlts dxjsf k"jf{wf/xsf] ljsf;f/f pRr / lbuf] ljsf;sf]
cfwf/ lgdf{0f ug]{, ;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTj sfod ug]{, gLltut, sfg'gL, lgofds / k|lqmofut
;'wf/ u/L cfGtl/s tyf afXo nufgLsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ;+/If0f ;'b[9
ug]{ / lghL, ;xsf/L / u}/;/sf/L tyf ;fd'bflos If]qnfO{ ljsf; k|lqmofdf cl3 a9fpg
24 | rf}wf}+ of]hgf, cfwf/kq
;xhLs/0f ug]{ /xg]5 . nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHosf] cjwf/0ffcg'k ;/sf/ cfwf/e"t If]qdf
cfly{sf ;dflhs k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug]{, ;'zf;g sfod ug]{, cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; ug]{ / ;fdflhs
Gofo;lxtsf] cfly{s k|0ffnL lgdf{0fdf s]lGt /xg]5 .
lghL If]q
;/sf/af6 l;lh{t Jofj;flos jftfj/0f / pknAw k|f]T;fxgsf] pkof]u ub}{ gjLgtd ;f]r /
k|ljlw;lxtsf] nufgL j[l4 u/L cfo / /f]huf/L a9fpg] tyf k|lt:kwf{sf] dfWodaf6 bIftf /
pTkfbsTj j[l4 u/L lghL If]qn] ;du| cfly{s j[l4sf] afxssf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ o; of]hgfn]
ck]Iff u/]sf] 5 . s[lif, cf}Bf]lus Pj+ ;]jfIf]q;Fu cGt/;DaGw a9fpFb} o;n] cfly{s kfGt/0fdf
dxjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] ck]Iff klg ul/Psf] 5 .
;xsf/L If]q
;d'bfodf /x]sf] ;fwg;|f]tsf] ;\ul7t ;+:yfdfkm{t\ kfl/rfng u/L ;fdflhs kfGt/0f,
;dfj]zL cfly{s j[l4 / ;d'bfosf] ;zQmLs/0fdf ;xsf/Lsf] e"ldsf /xg]5 . ;/sf/ pkl:yt
x'gg;Sg] / lghL If]q cfslif{t gx'g] ;fdflhs Joj;fosf] dd{cg';f/ cfwf/e"t If]qdf j:t' /
;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;xsf/L If]qsf] e"ldsf dxjk"0f{ /xg]5 . vf;u/L u|fdL0f tyf
:yfgLo:t/df hg;d'bfonfO{ ;\ul7t u/L pgLxsf] cfly{s;fdflhs kfGt/0f ug{ /
;dfj]zL cfly{s j[l4df ;xsf/L If]qn] dxjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{5 . ;xsf/L cleofg, ;~hfn
/ zlQmnfO{ pBd ljsf;, ;dfj]zL cfly{s j[l4, ul/aL lgjf/0f, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ;d'bfosf]
ljsf;df ;lqmo u/fOg]5 .
;fd'bflos / cGo If]q
;/sf/sf] /fli6o gLlt, k|fyldstfleq /x]/ ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] dfWodaf6 :yfgLo ;fwg,
;|f]t / ;Lkd"ns Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/L cfo cfh{g, /f]huf/L, n}ls tyf ;fdflhs ;zQmLs/0f
Pj+ /fli6o gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;fd'bflos tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ kl/rfng ul/g]5 . To:t},
;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxsf] :j:y lgu/fgL, kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtfsf] k}/jL tyf ;'zf;g sfod
ug{df u}/;/sf/L / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx;d]tsf] e"ldsfnfO{ o; of]hgfn] dxj lbPsf] 5 .

@=( cfly{s j[l4b/ / ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf


@=(=! cfly{s j[l4b/
xfn;Dd l;h{gf ePsf ef}lts tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/, k'glg{df{0ftyf gjlgdf{0fsf] cj;/,
To:t} 7"nf k"jf{wf/ cfof]hgfsf] ;dflKt / cfly{s d'2fdf s]lGt /fHok|0ffnLsf sf/0f rf}wf}F of]hgf
cjlwleq} pRrb/sf] cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n ub}{ d'n'snfO{ cfly{s ;d[l4sf] kydf cl3 a9fpg
;lsG5 . To;}n] of]hgf cjlwdf s[lif If]qsf] cf};t j[l4b/ $=& k|ltzt / u}/s[lif If]qsf] cf};t
j[l4b/ *=$ k|ltzt x'g] nIo /flvPsf] 5 . ;du|df, of]hgfsf] cf};t cfly{s j[l4b/ &=@ k|ltzt
x'g] nIo lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . of]hgfsf] klxnf] jif{ sl/a ^=% k|ltzt, bf]>f] jif{ &=@ k|ltzt /
t]>f] tyf clGtd jif{ &=( k|ltztsf] cfly{s j[l4b/ sfod ul/Psf] 5 .

rf}wf}+ of]hgf | 25
rf}wf}F of]hgfsf] If]qut d"No clej[l4;lxtsf] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg tflnsf g+= @=@ df
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf @=@ M If]qut d"No clej[l4 / s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg
-cf=j= @)&@&# sf] l:y/ d"Nodf_
-?= s/f]8df_
cfwf/ rf}wf} of]hgf
qm=;+= If]qx jif{ cf};t cf=j= cf=j= cf=j=
@)&@&# j[l4b/ @)&#&$ @)&$&% @)&%&^
!= s[lif 66196 4.7 69167 72429 75939
!=! s[lif tyf jg 65147 4.6 68013 71142 74486
!=@ dT:okfng 1049 11.4 1154 1287 1453
@= u}/s[lif 142673 8.4 153447 166181 181511
@=! pBf]u 29281 10.6 32247 35447 39461
@=!=! vfgL tyf e"ue{ 1226 6.5 1330 1403 1487
@=!=@ pBf]u 11557 6.1 12481 13074 13858
@=!=# ljB't\, Uof; tyf kfgL 2122 12.2 2334 2614 3006
@=!=$ lgdf{0f 14377 13.6 16102 18357 21110
@=@ ;]jf 113392 7.8 121200 130734 142050
@=@=! yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 29713 7.8 31792 34336 37254
@=@=@ xf]6]n tyf /]i6'/]06 4349 9.0 4696 5119 5631
@=@=# oftfoft, e08f/0f / 17592 11.9 19351 21673 24707
;~rf/
@=@=$ ljQLo dWo:ytf 10356 7.0 10978 11746 12686
@=@=% 3/hUuf, axfn, tyf 19133 5.8 20089 21294 22679
Jofkfl/s lqmofsnfk
@=@=^ ;fdfGo k|zf;g tyf 5440 5.0 5712 5997 6297
/Iff
@=@=& lzIff 14115 7.0 15033 16085 17291
@=@=* :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs 3700 9.0 4014 4375 4791
sfo{
@=@=( cGo ;fd'bflos
;fdflhs tyf JolQmut 8996 6.0 9536 10108 10714
;]jfsf lqmofsnfk
s'n d"No clej[l4 208869 7.3 222614 238610 257450
-FISIM ;d]t_
ljQLo dWo:ytf ;]jf ck|ToIf 8141 7.5 8751 9408 10113
kdf
s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg 200728 7.2 213863 229202 247337
-cfwf/e"t d"Nodf_
v'b j:t' tyf ;]jf pTkfbg s/ 24142 7.8 25832 27795 30296
s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg 224870 7.3 239694 256997 277633
-pTkfbssf] d"Nodf_

26 | rf}wf}+ of]hgf, cfwf/kq


@=(=@ ;LdfGt k'hL pTkfbg cg'kft / nufgL
ljutsf jif{xdf cfly{s tyf u}/cfly{s sf/0fxn] ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL nufgLsf]
pTkfbsTj pT;fxk|b x'g;s]sf] 5}g . To;}u/L, pko'Qm ;Lk / bIftf Pj+ cg's"n cf}wf]lus
jftfj/0fsf] cefjdf >dsf] pTkfbsTj j[l4 x'g;s]sf] 5}g . cem cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;df d'n's
;'xfpFbf] k|ljlwsf] tTsfn k|of]upkof]udf klg ;d:of /x]sfn] ;du| cy{tGqsf] sfo{s'zntf
a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . hn;|f]t tyf j}slNks pmhf{df cfwfl/t pmhf{ If]qsf] ljsf;, /fhdfu{ tyf
/0fg}lts dxjsf / bL3{sfnLg cfa4tf ;xh kfg]{ ;8ssf] ;~hfn ljsf; ug{ >d /
k|ljlweGbf a9L k'FhLsf] kl/rfng / nufgL ug{'kg]{ afWotf 5 . To:t} cfly{s lqmofsnfkx
oflGqsLs/0f x'Fb} hfg] 5g\ . tTsfnsf nflu d"ntM lgdf{0f / ljB't\df ;LdfGt k'FhL pTkfbg
cg'kft s]xL pRr /xg] cj:yf 5 . vf;u/L 7"nf k"jf{wf/ cfof]hgfxsf] ;'?jft x'g] t/ k|ltkmn
cfpg ;do nfUg] ePsf]n] cfufdL of]hgfdf ;LdfGt k'FhL pTkfbg cg'kft ut of]hgfeGbf s]xL
pRr x'g] cg'dfg 5 . tbg'k cfufdL of]hgfdf ;LdfGt k'FhL pTkfbgsf] cg'kft %=@ x'g]
cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;LdfGt k'FhL pTkfbg cg'kftsf] cfwf/df of]hgf cjlwdf xfl;n ug]{u/L
nlIft cf};t &=@ k|ltztsf] cfly{s j[l4b/ k|fKt ug{ s'n l:y/ nufgL ?= @$ va{ @$ ca{ (^
s/f]8 cfjZos kg]{ cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;dWo] ;fj{hlgs If]qaf6 ?= ( va{ %$ ca{ $@
s/f]8, lghL If]qaf6 ?= !# va{ @& ca{ #) s/f]8 / ;xsf/L If]qaf6 ?= ! va{ $# ca{ @$
s/f]8 nufgL x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . s'n nufgLdf oL tLg If]qsf] qmdzM #(=$ k|ltzt, %$=&
k|ltzt / %=( k|ltzt x'g]5 . cg'dflgt nufgLsf] ljifout afF8kmfF8 ubf{ s[lif, ljB't\, lzIff
tyf lgdf{0fdf ;/sf/L nufgL pNn]Vo j[l4 x'g] k|If]k0f ul/Psf] 5 .
If]qut ;LdfGt k'FhL pTkfbg cg'kft / nufgL;DaGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= @=# df lbOPsf]
5.
tflnsf @=# M ;LdfGt k'hL pTkfbg cg'kft / s'n nufgL
-cf=j= @)&@&# sf] l:y/ d"Nodf_
-?= s/f]8df_
cg'dflgt rf}wf} of]hgfdf k|If]lkt nufgL
qm=;+= nufgLsf If]qx ;LdfGt k'hL cf=j= @)&#&$ cf=j= @)&$&% cf=j= @)&%&^ hDdf
pTkfbg /sd k|ltzt /sd k|ltzt /sd k|ltzt /sd k|ltzt
cg'kft
!= s[lif 8617 12.9 9461 12.0 10178 10.5 28256 11.7
!=! s[lif tyf jg 2.9 8313 12.4 9073 11.5 9696 10.0 27082 11.2
!=@ dT:okfng 2.9 304 0.5 388 0.5 482 0.5 1174 0.5
@= u}/s[lif 58333
58333 87.1 69489 88.0 86418 89.5 214240
214240 88.3
@=! pBf]u 18176 27.1 19552 24.8 25667 26.6 63395 26.1
@=!=! vfgL tyf e"ue{ 7.4 771 1.2 541 0.7 623 0.6 1935 0.8
@=!=@ pBf]u 6.2 5732 8.6 3676 4.7 4864 5.0 14271 5.9
@=!=# ljB't, Uof; tyf kfgL 29.0 6152 9.2 8121 10.3 11370 11.8 25643 10.6

rf}wf}+ of]hgf | 27
cg'dflgt rf}wf} of]hgfdf k|If]lkt nufgL
;LdfGt k'hL cf=j= @)&#&$ cf=j= @)&$&% cf=j= @)&%&^ hDdf
qm=;+= nufgLsf If]qx
pTkfbg /sd k|ltzt /sd k|ltzt /sd k|ltzt /sd k|ltzt
cg'kft
@=!=$ lgdf{0f 3.2 5521 8.2 7214 9.1 8811 9.1 21546 8.9
@=@ ;]jf 40157 60.0 49937 63.3 60751 62.9 1508455
15084 62.2
@=@=! yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 2.8 5824 8.7 7122 9.0 8172 8.5 21117 8.7
@=@=@ xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]06 6.5 2261 3.4 2747 3.5 3327 3.4 8336 3.4
@=@=# oftfoft, e08f/0f / 9.0 15832 23.6 20899 26.5 27308 28.3 64039 26.4
;~rf/
@=@=$ ljQLo dWo:ytf 3.5 2175 3.2 2690 3.4 3289 3.4 8153 3.4
@=@=% 3/hUuf, axfn tyf 5.5 5261 7.9 6629 8.4 7613 7.9 19504 8.0
Jofkfl/s lqmofsnfk
@=@=^ ;fdfGo k|zf;g tyf 4.2 1142 1.7 1199 1.5 1259 1.3 3601 1.5
/Iff
@=@=& lzIff 3.5 3211 4.8 3683 4.7 4222 4.4 11116 4.6
@=@=* :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs 9.0 2830 4.2 3251 4.1 3741 3.9 9822 4.1
sfo{
@=@=( cGo ;fd'bflos
;fdflhs tyf JolQmut 3.0 1619 2.4 1716 2.2 1819 1.9 5155 2.1
;]jfsf lqmofsnfk
s'n 5.2 66950 100.0 78950 100.0 96596 100.0 242496 100.0

pNn]lvt s'n nufgLdWo] ;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qaf6 x'g] nufgL;DaGwL ljj/0f
tflnsf g+ @=# -s_ df lbOPsf] 5 .
tflnsf @=# -s_ M ;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qaf6 x'g] nufgL
-cf=j= @)&@&# sf] l:y/ d"Nodf_
-?= s/f]8df_
qm= ;fj{hlgs lghL ;xsf/L hDdf
;+= nufgLsf If]qx /sd
/sd k|ltzt /sd k|ltzt /sd k|ltzt
!= s[lif 14024 14.7 10336 7.8 3897 27.2 28257
!=! s[lif tyf jg 13812 14.5 9479 7.1 3791 26.5 27082
!=@ dT:okfng 212 0.2 857 0.6 106 0.7 1175
@= u}/s[lif 81418 85.3 122394 92.2 10427 72.8 214239
@=! pBf]u 29885 31.3 30844 23.2 2666 18.6 63395
@=!=! vfgL tyf e"ue{ 194 0.2 1703 1.3 39 0.3 1935
@=!=@ pBf]u 856 0.9 11988 9.0 1427 10.0 14271
@=!=# ljB't, Uof; tyf kfgL 20002 21.0 4872 3.7 769 5.4 25643
@=!=$ lgdf{0f 8834 9.3 12281 9.3 431 3.0 21546
@=@ ;]jf 51533 54.0 91550 69.0 7761 54.2 150844
@=@=! yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 1267 1.3 17527 13.2 2323 16.2 21117
@=@=@ xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]06 834 0.9 7336 5.5 167 1.2 8336
@=@=# oftfoft, e08f/0f / ;~rf/ 25616 26.8 36502 27.5 1921 13.4 64039

28 | rf}wf}+ of]hgf, cfwf/kq


qm= ;fj{hlgs lghL ;xsf/L hDdf
nufgLsf If]qx
;+= /sd k|ltzt /sd k|ltzt /sd k|ltzt /sd
@=@=$ ljQLo dWo:ytf 978 1.0 5789 4.4 1386 9.7 8153
@=@=% 3/hUuf, axfn tyf 975 1.0 17553 13.2 975 6.8 19504
Jofkfl/s lqmofsnfk
@=@=^ ;fdfGo k|zf;g tyf /Iff 3601 3.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 3601
@=@=& lzIff 7226 7.6 3557 2.7 333 2.3 11116
@=@=* :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{ 7170 7.5 2357 1.8 295 2.1 9822
@=@=( cGo ;fd'bflos ;fdflhs
tyf JolQmut ;]jfsf 3866 4.1 928 0.7 361 2.5 5155
lqmofsnfk
s'n nufgL 95442 100 132730 100 14324 100.00 242496
To;}u/L s'n nufgLdWo] ;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/Ldfkm{t\ of]hgf cjlwdf x'g] nufgLsf]
If]qut k|ltzt tflnsf g+ @=# -v_ df lbOPsf] 5 .
tflnsf @=# -v_ M ;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/Lsf] If]qut nufgL
-cf=j= @)&@&# sf] l:y/ d"Nodf_
-k|ltzt_
qm=;+= nufgLsf If]qx ;fj{hlgs lghL ;xsf/L hDdf
!= s[lif 49.6 36.6 13.8 100.0
!=!= s[lif tyf jg 51.0 35.0 14.0 100.0
!=@ dT:okfng 18.0 73.0 9.0 100.0
@= u}/s[lif 39.4 55.8 4.8 100.0
@=! pBf]u 52.4 43.6 4.0 100.0
@=!=@ vfgL tyf e"ue{ 10.0 88.0 2.0 100.0
@=!=@ pBf]u 6.0 84.0 10.0 100.0
@=!=# ljB't\, Uof; tyf kfgL 78.0 19.0 3.0 100.0
@=!=$ lgdf{0f 41.0 57.0 2.0 100.0
@=@ ;]jf 34.2 60.7 5.1 100.0
@=@=! yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 6.0 83.0 11.0 100.0
@=@=@ xf]6]n tyf /]i6'/]06 10.0 88.0 2.0 100.0
@=@=# oftfoft, e08f/0f / ;~rf/ 40.0 57.0 3.0 100.0
@=@=$ ljQLo dWo:ytf 12.0 71.0 17.0 100.0
@=@=% 3/hUuf, axfn tyf Jofkfl/s lqmofsnfk 5.0 90.0 5.0 100.0
@=@=^ ;fdfGo k|zf;g tyf /Iff 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
@=@=& lzIff 65.0 32.0 3.0 100.0
@=@=* :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{ 73.0 24.0 3.0 100.0
@=@=( cGo ;fd'bflos, ;fdflhs tyf JolQmut
75.0 18.0 7.0 100.0
;]jfsf lqmofsnfk
hDdf 39.4 54.7 5.9 100.0

rf}wf}+ of]hgf | 29
@=(=# ;fj{hlgs vr{ / vr{ Joxf]g]{ ;|f]t
lghL tyf ;xsf/L b'j} If]qsf] nufgLnfO{ cfsif{0f ug{ tyf cfwf/e"t ;]jf k|jfx ug{
;/sf/L nufgL cyf{t\ ah]6sf] dxjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf of]hgf cjlwdf ?= #@
va{ # ca{ $@ s/f]8sf] ;/sf/L vr{ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o; cg'dflgt vr{dWo] ?= !& va{
() ca{ @ s/f]8 rfn" vr{ / ?= ( va{ %$ ca{ $@ s/f]8 k'FhLut vr{ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
of]hgfsf] clGtd jif{df k'FhLut vr{ / s'n vr{ s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] t'ngfdf qmdzM !#=^
k|ltzt / @@ k|ltzt x'g] k|If]k0f ul/Psf] 5 .
pNn]lvt ;/sf/L vr{ Joxf]g]{ k|d'v ;|f]tsf] kdf /xg] /fh:j s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf]
@@=* k|ltzt cyf{t\ ?= !& va{ ^# ca{ %& s/f]8 kl/rfng x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L,
of]hgf cjlwdf ?= # va{ @# ca{ @$ s/f]8 a/fa/sf] cg'bfg -j}b]lzs_ k|fKt x'g] cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 .
/fh:j tyf cGo cfGtl/s cfDbfgL / j}b]lzs cg'bfg kl/rfng ubf{ Go"g x'g] of]hgfsf]
cg'dflgt vr{ ?= !! va{ )( ca{ (! s/f]8dWo] ?= ^ va{ %^ ca{ ^ s/f]8 j}b]lzs C0f / afFsL
Go"g x'g] ?= $ va{ !( ca{ % s/f]8 cfGtl/s C0faf6 Joxf]g{'kg]{ k|If]k0f ul/Psf] 5 . of]hgfsf]
clGtd jif{df j}b]lzs ;xfotf -cg'bfg / C0f_, j}b]lzs cg'bfg, v'b j}b]lzs C0f / v'b
cfGtl/s C0fsf] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg;Fusf] cg'kft qmdzM !@=% k|ltzt, $=@ k|ltzt, %=*
k|ltzt / #=^ k|ltzt x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
;/sf/L ah]6 -vr{_ tyf Joxf]g]{ ;|f]txsf] ljj/0f tflnsf g+= @=$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf @=$ M ;/sf/L ah]6 -vr{_ / Joxf]g]{ ;|f]tx
-cf=j= @)&@&# sf] d"Nodf_
-?= s/f]8df_
cf=j= rf}wf}\ of]hgf
qm=;+= ljj/0f @)&@&#* cf=j= cf=j= cf=j= hDdf
-cfwf/ jif{_ @)&#&$ @)&$&% @)&%&^
!= s'n ah]6 70117 97810 105728 116804 320342
@= s'n /fh:j 46000 51429 58413 66515 176357
#= j}b]lzs cg'bfg 6707 9905 10848 11571 32324
$= s'n vr{ 59315 84401 91069 98974 274444
rfn" vr{ 43406 57828 59835 61339 179002
k"FhLut vr{ 15909 26573 31234 37635 95442
%= ah]6 art -_ Go"g -+__ 6608 23067 21808 20888 65763
^= ljQLo Joj:yf -5406_ -19588_ -21808_ -20888_ -62283_
&= v'b C0f nufgL 2807 2969 3164 3417 9550

30 | rf}wf}+ of]hgf, cfwf/kq


cf=j= rf}wf}\ of]hgf
qm=;+= ljj/0f @)&@&#* cf=j= cf=j= cf=j=
hDdf
-cfwf/ jif{_ @)&#&$ @)&$&% @)&%&^
cfGtl/s C0f nufgL 3007 3179 3391 3650 10220
cfGtl/s C0f lkmtf{ k|flKt 200 210 227 233 670
*= v'b z]o/ nufgL 1349 1425 1507 1593 4525
cfGtl/s z]o/ nufgL 1329 1405 1485 1570 4460
j}b]lzs z]o/ nufgL 20 20 22 23 65
(= v'b j}b]lzs C0f -4972_ -17998_
17998_ -18451_ -16036_ -52485_
j}b]lzs C0f ;fFjf e'QmfgL 2236 2945 3277 6899 13121
j}b]lzs C0f 7208 20943 21728 22935 65606
!)= v'b cfGtl/s C0f -4590_ -5984_ -8028_ -9862_ -23873_
cfGtl/s C0f ;fFjf e'QmfgL 4210 5860 6484 5688 18032
cfGtl/s C0f 8800 11844 14512 15550 41905
!!= 6]h/L art 4856 3480 0 0 3480
*;+zf]lwt cg'dfg .

@=(=$ ;fwg;|f]tsf] af8kmf8 tyf kl/rfngsf cfwf/x


;fwg;|f]t vf;u/L nufgLsf] afF8kmfF8 tyf kl/rfng ug]{ k|If]k0f ubf{ ;+ljwfg lgb]{lzt
;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ Ps csf{sf] kl/k"/s / ;xof]uLsf] kdf
lnOPsf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs nufgLnfO{ ;+j}wflgs bfloTj k"/f ug]{, cfly{s j[l4 / ;d[l4 xfl;n ug]{tkm{ pGd'v
x'g], k'glg{df{0f ug]{ / lghL If]qsf] nufgLnfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ tyf Jofj;flos jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{,
lghL If]qsf] nufgLnfO{ cfly{s j[l4, cf}Bf]uLs/0f / /f]huf/L ;[hgf ug]{ / ;xsf/L If]qsf]
nufgLnfO{ s[lif, kz', ljB't\, pBf]u / ;fdflhs ljsf;sf If]qdf nlIft ul/Psf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs
cyf{t\ ;/sf/L nufgLsf] afF8kmfF8sf cfwf/x lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
s= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] k|bfg u/]sf cfwf/e"t tyf df}lns xssf] gful/sn] pkof]u ug{
kfpg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ .
v= pmhf{ ;6 ;dfwfg ug{ ;xof]uL x'g] gLltut / sfo{qmdut Joj:yf ug]{ .
u= k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / vf;u/L pQ/ blIf0f cfa4tf ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos ;8sh:tf
k"jf{wf/xsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
3= s[lif If]qsf] Jofj;foLs/0f;d]taf6 /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/x l;h{gf u/L k|To]s jif{
cfly{s kn] ;lqmo / >d ahf/df k|j]z ug]{ >d zlQmnfO{ /f]huf/L pknAw
u/fpg] .
= cfly{s j[l4nfO{ tTsfn} d2t k'ofpg] If]qdf nufgL a9fpg] .

rf}wf}+ of]hgf | 31
r= ;fdflhs -lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO_ If]qsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
5= e"sDkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / gjlgdf{0fnfO{ tLj|tf lbg] .
h= ;\3Lo, k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo ;Gt'ng, ;dfj]zLs/0f / ef}uf]lns ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ .

@=(=% k|:tfljt nufgLaf6 ;dli6ut cy{tGqdf kg]{ k|efj


;/sf/L, lghL / ;xsf/L If]q;d]tsf] ;+o'Qm kdf x'g] nufgL / cGo k|of;xn] ubf{
b]zsf] cy{tGqsf k|d'v tyf ;dli6ut ;"rsxdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kg{ uO{ qmdzM If]qLo tyf
cGt/f{li6o cGt/lge{/tfsf] pkof]u eO{ :j:y / cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf] ljsf; x'g]5 . vf;u/L
lghL / ;xsf/L If]qdfkm{t\ kl/rfng x'g] nufgLn] pBf]upBf]uaLrsf] ;DaGw :yflkt x'g uO{
d"No clej[l4 / k|To]s jif{ sl/a $ nfv /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x a9\g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . oL
/f]huf/Lx d"ntM s[lifsf] Jofj;foLs/0f, ko{6g lj:tf/, k'glg{df{0f tyf gjlgdf{0f / Jofkf/ Pj+
oftfoft If]qdf l;h{gf x'g]5g\ .
;fj{hlgs vr{cGtu{t rfn" vr{ ldtJolotf / k'FhLut vr{ k'FhLlgdf{0f / ;d[l4 xfl;n
ug]{tkm{ s]lGt x'g]5 . vf;u/L /fh:j k|zf;gdf ul/g] k|0ffnLut / ;+/rgfut ;'wf/ tyf vr{
ug{;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; x'guO{ j}b]lzs ;xfotfdflysf] lge{/tfdf sdL cfpg]5 .
;\If]kdf rf}wf}F of]hgfsf] k|If]lkt art, nufgL, ;fj{hlgs vr{ / vr{ Joxf]g]{ ;|f]txsf]
s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg;Fusf] cg'kft tflnsf g+= @=% df pNn]v ePadf]lhd x'g] k|If]k0f ul/Psf]
5.
tflnsf @=% M k|If]lkt art, nufgL / ;fj{hlgs ljQ
-s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] cg'kftdf_
cf=j= @)&@&# rf}wf}+ of]hgfsf] nIo
qm=;+= ljj/0f sf] l:ylt -cf=j= @)&%&^ df_
!= s'n ufx{:Yo art 5.3 10.5
@= s'n /fli6o art 42.9 45.0
#= s'n l:y/ k'hL nufgL 25.0 34.8
;fj{hlgs If]q 5.9 13.8
lghL If]q 19.1 19.0
;xsf/L If]q 2.0
^= s'n ah]6 31.2 42.1
&= s'n /fh:j 20.5 24.0
*= j}b]lzs cg'bfg 3.0 4.2
(= s'n vr{ 26.4 35.6
rfn" vr{ 19.3 22.0
k'FhLut vr{ 7.1 13.6

32 | rf}wf}+ of]hgf, cfwf/kq


cf=j= @)&@&# rf}wf}+ of]hgfsf] nIo
qm=;+= ljj/0f sf] l:ylt -cf=j= @)&%&^ df_
!)= ah]6 art -_ 3f6f -+_ 2.9 7.5
!!= ljQLo Joj:yf 2.4 7.5
!@= v'b C0f nufgL 1.2 1.2
cfGtl/s C0f nufgL 1.3 1.3
cfGtl/s C0f lkmtf{ k|flKt 0.1 0.1
!#= v'b z]o/ nufgL 0.6 0.6
cfGtl/s z]o/ nufgL 0.6 0.6
j}b]lzs z]o/ nufgL 0.0 0.0
!$= v'b j}b]lzs C0f 2.2 5.8
j}b]lzs C0f ;fFjf e'QmfgL 1.0 2.5
j}b]lzs C0f 3.2 8.3
!%= v'b cfGtl/s C0f 2.0 3.6
cfGtl/s C0f ;fFjf e'QmfgL 1.9 2.0
cfGtl/s C0f 3.9 5.6

lgjf{xd'vL / df};ddf cfwfl/t s[lif If]q qmdzM Jofj;flos aGb} kof{Kt /f]huf/Lsf
cj;/x pknAw u/fpg;Sg] / cf}Bf]lus sRrfkbfy{ cfk"lt{ ug{;Sg] cj:yfdf k'Ug] ePsf]n]
j}b]lzs nufgL yk cfslif{t eO{ d'n'ssf] cf}Bf]uLs/0f;d]t eP/ pRr, lbuf], km/flsnf] cfly{s
j[l4;lxt d'n's ;d[l4tkm{ nDsg]5 .

rf}wf}+ of]hgf | 33
kl/R5]b M #
;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx
#=! s'n ufx{:Yo tyf /fli6o art
!= k[i7e"ld
s'n ufx{:Yo art j[l4 x'Fbf k'FhL lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos nufgLsf] 7"nf] lx:;f :jb]zL
;|f]taf6 kl/k"lt{ eO{ :jfwLg Pjd\ cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug{ d2t k'Ub5 . t/ ljut #
jif{sf] cf};t s'n ufx{:Yo art s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] sl/a *=@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . tyflk
g]kfnLxn] d'n'saflx/sf] art ljk|]if0f, j}b]lzs cg'bfg / cGo 6fG;km/sf sf/0fn] ljut #
jif{sf] s'n /fli6o art eg] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] sl/a $$=@ k'u]sf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL / cj;/
r'gf}tL
Go"g cfly{s j[l4b/, pRr / b]vfl;sL pkef]u ug]{ k|j[lQ, ljQLo ;fIf/tfdf sdL, kof{Kt
ljQLo pks/0fxsf] cefj, a}+ls\u tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLdf kx'Fr tyf ljk|i] f0f cfonfO{
pTkfbgzLn nufgLdf kfGt/0f ug]{ sfo{x r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
artsf pks/0fxsf] cjnDag / art kl/rfng ug]{ ;+:yfx tyf k"jf{wf/xsf] ljsf;,
ljk|]if0f cfk|jfxdf ePsf] j[l4 / gful/ssf] vr{of]Uo cfodf cfPsf] ;'wf/, k'FhL ahf/df gofF
sDkgLxsf] k|j]z tyf ;"rLs[t a}+ls\u tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] z]o/ k'FhLdf clgjfo{ kdf ug{'kg]{
j[l4, u|fdL0f tyf lk5l8Psf] If]qdf a}+ls\u k|0ffnLsf] kx'Fr lj:tf/ ug]{ gLlt, art tyf C0f
;xsf/L ;+:yfxsf] ;\Vofdf j[l4 art kl/rfngsf cj;/ x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
/fli6o art kl/rfngaf6 nufgL j[l4 / ;an cy{tGq lgdf{0f .
#=@ nIo
pRr art kl/rfng u/L ;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qdfkm{t\ /fli6o k'FhL lgdf{0f ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
cfo j[l4 / pkef]u Joj:yfkgaf6 ;a} If]qdf art ug]{ Ifdtfdf clej[l4 ug'{ .

34 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#=$ /0fgLlt
!= artsf ljleGg cj;/ l;h{gf u/L ;a} ;+:yf tyf hgtfnfO{ arttkm{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ .
@= ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ u/L art kl/rfngdf j[l4 ug]{ .
#= ljQLo cf}hf/ tyf k'FhL ahf/df kx'Frdf clej[l4 u/L art tyf nufgL ug{ k|f]T;flxt
ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;fj{hlgs, lghL, ;xsf/L Pjd\ ufx{:Yo If]qdf pkef]u lgoGq0f u/L art clej[l4
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= a}+ls\u If]qdfkm{t\ art ug]{ afgLsf] ljsf; ug{ a}+ls\u lzIff / ljQLo ;fIf/tf
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ;fgf artstf{ vf;u/L s[ifs, ;fgf pBdL / dhb'/xnfO{ art Pjd\ nufgLk|lt
cfsif{0f ug{ ljleGg pTk|]/0ff / k|j4{gsf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
$= a}+s, ljQLo tyf n3'ljQ ;+:yfnfO{ b'u{d tyf lk5l8Psf] If]q;Dd kx'Frdf clej[l4 u/L
art / nufgLdf cfsif{0f ul/g]5 . -@_
%= art ;d"x tyf ;xsf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ k|j4{g u/L ;fgf artstf{sf] art clej[l4
ul/g]5 . -@_
^= ljQLo ahf/sf] ljsf;sf nflu z]o/, C0fkq tyf cGo ahf/of]Uo pks/0fxsf]
sf/f]af/ tyf ;fd"lxs sf]ifnfO{ ljs]lGt u/L u|fdL0f If]qsf hgtfxn] o:tf
pks/0fxdf ug]{ sf/f]af/nfO{ ;xh agfOg]5 . -#_
&= ;/sf/L C0fkq tyf artkqxsf] sf/f]af/ u|fdL0f tyf ;fgf ;x/xdf ;d]t
lj:tf/ ug{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf zfvfx tyf ;xsf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ kl/rfng
ul/g]5 . -#_
*= ;Demf}tLt art kl/rfng ug]{, sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]if / gful/s nufgL sf]ifsf]
;Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L yk nufgLof]Uo sf]if kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
(= cf}krfl/s lghL If]qdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lxsf] art kl/rfng ug{ lghLIf]qcGtu{t
lgj[QLe/0f Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;+:yfut Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
pNn]lvt /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 of]hgfsf] clGtd jif{;Dddf s'n ufx{:Yo
art s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] !)=% k|ltzt / s'n /fli6o art s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] $%
k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g]5 .

;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx | 35


#=@ ;/sf/L ljQ
#=@=! ;fj{hlgs vr{
!= k[i7e"ld
;fj{hlgs vr{nfO{ kf/bzL{, hjfkmb]xLk"0f{, ljZj;gLo / k"jf{g'dfgof]Uo agfpFb} n}hfg'
cfjZos 5 . lg/Gt/ j[l4 ePsf] rfn" vr{nfO{ Jojl:yt ub}{ k'FhLut vr{df j[l4 ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{
cufl8 a9fpg' cfjZos 5 . To:t} ljQLo pQ/bfloTj sfg'g lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . o;tkm{
ah]6nfO{ glthfd"ns agfpg dGqfnout ah]6 ;"rgf k|0ffnL ;'?jft ul/Psf] / Psn sf]if
vftf k|efjsf/L kdf nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . lqjifL{o vr{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 . ljsf;
cfof]hgfxsf] k|fyldsLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;fj{hlgs ;|f]t;fwgsf] glthfd'vL, bIftfk"j{s kl/rfng, a9\bf] rfn" vr{sf] lgoGq0f,
k'FhLut vr{df j[l4 / cfGtl/s ;fwgn] ah]6sf] 7"nf] c+z wfGg ;Sg] t'Nofpg' / ljsf;
k|zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg' ;fj{hlgs vr{ Joj:yfkgsf r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fdf b]lvPsf] j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] k|lta4tf, ;fj{hlgs ljQdf ul/Psf]
;'wf/, /fh:jsf cfGtl/s ;|f]t kl/rfng / k'FhL ahf/af6 ah]6 3f6f k"/f ug{ ;fwg kl/rfng
ug{;Sg] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs vr{sf cj;/sf kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;fj{hlgs ljQsf] ljj]sk"0f{ kl/rfngdfkm{t\ ;+ljwfgaf6 lgb]{lzt nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHo
:yfkgf .
#=@ nIo
cfly{s ;fdflhs b[li6n] s'zn / ;dGoflos tyf bL3{sfnLg kdf wfGg ;lsg] u/L
;fj{hlgs vr{ kl/rfngf/f Gofof]lrt ljt/0fpGd'v cfly{s j[l4nfO{ 6]jf lbg] .
#=# p2]Zo
;fj{hlgs vr{sf] Gofof]lrt / pTkfbgd"ns ljlgof]hg tyf sfof{Gjogdf bIftf clej[l4
ug{' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ;fj{hlgs vr{nfO{ cfly{s;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf ljlgof]hg ug]{ .
@= ljsf; cfof]hgfxsf] 5gf]6sf cfwf/x k'g/fjnf]sg u/L vfB, :jf:Yo tyf pmhf{
;'/Iff;lxt cfTdlge{/tftkm{ pGd'v / k|ltkmno'Qm If]qdf nufgL ug]{ .

36 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#= >f]t ;fwg ljlgof]hg k|lqmofnfO{ s'zn / k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
$= ;fj{hlgs vr{ Joj:yfnfO{ hjfkmb]xL, kf/bzL{ / pknlAwd"ns agfpFb} ;~rfng
s'zntf xfl;n ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= vfB, :jf:Yo tyf pmhf{ ;'/Iff sfod ub]{ cfTdlge{/ x'g cfjZos cfwf/e"t
;fj{hlgs nufgL a9fOg]5 . -!_
@= ef}lts k"jf{wf/, s[lif, lzIff, :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffnufotsf cfjZosLo If]qdf
;fj{hlgs vr{nfO{ a9L s]Gb|Ls[t ul/g]5 . -!_
#= /fli6o dxj / uf}/jsf ljsf; cfof]hgfxsf] 5gf]6sf cfwf/x tof/ u/L
k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -@_
$= cfly{s Pjd\ k|fljlws ljZn]if0fkZrft\ sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;DefJo kl/of]hgfxsf]
;"rL (Project Bank) tof/ ul/g]5 . -@_
%= k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df pRr k|ltkmno'Qm 7"nf Pjd\ cfly{s;fdflhs b[li6sf]0fn]
dxjk"0f{ /x]sf k"jf{wf/df nufgL s]lGt ul/g]5 . -@_
^= ljQLo pQ/bfloTj;DaGwL P]g th{'df u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -#_
&= ah]6sf] ljlgof]lht c+z clgjfo{ kdf ;dodf g} lgsf;f x'g] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -#_
*= ;\3Lo k|0ffnLdf x'g] cGt/;/sf/L ljQLo x:tfGt/0f, ;fdflhs cg'bfg tyf
;xfotfnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L a[xt\ ljQLo x:tfGt/0f gLlt th'{df ul/g]5 . -$_
(= cg'bfg ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ pTkfbgzLn / kf/bzL{ kdf pkof]u ug{ /fli6o cg'bfg
gLlt th{'df ul/g]5 . -$_
!)= ;fj{hlgs vr{;Fu ;DalGwt sfg'gsf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L vr{ ug]{ lgsfonfO{ clwsf/
;DkGg Pjd\ hjfkmb]xL t'NofOg]5 . -$_
!!= of]ubfgd"ns lgj[lQe/0f;DaGwL sfg'g th{'df u/L nfu" ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
pk/f]Qm /0fgLlt Pjd\ sfo{gLltxsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 ;fj{hlgs vr{ k|0ffnL Pjd\ k|lqmofdf
;sf/fTds k|efj k/]sf] x'g]5 .

#=@=@ /fh:j
!= k[i7e"ld
/fli6o ljsf;sf nflu ;fj{hlgs ljsf; vr{ / k|zf;lgs vr{sf] ;d]t cfjZostf k"/f
ug{, ;\3Lo ljQLo k|0ffnLnfO{ ;anLs/0f ug{, ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] a9\bf] cfjZostfnfO{ k"/f ug{
/ j}b]lzs ;xfotfdflysf] lge{/tf sd ug{ cfGtl/s ;|f]t kl/rfngnfO{ hf]8 lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .

;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx | 37


cfGtl/s ;|f]tsf] dxjk"0f{ lx:;f cf]u6]sf] /fh:jsf] kl/rfngnfO{ lbuf] agfO{ ljQ ;+/rgfnfO{
;'b[9 agfpg]tkm{ /fh:j gLlt s]lGt x'g'kb{5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
cgf}krfl/s cfly{s ultljlwnfO{ cf}krfl/s agfpFb} s/sf] bfo/f / jfl~5t ;Ldfdf Nofpg],
s/ ;xeflutfdf u'0ffTds clej[l4 Nofpg], s/ ;\sng nfut / Jofj;flos nfut 36fpg],
/fh:j r'xfj6nfO{ s'zntfk"j{s lgoGq0f ug]{, sf/f]af/ d"Nosf cfwf/df eG;f/ hfFrkf; k|0ffnL
nfu" ug]{, ahf/df lan lbg]lng] k4ltsf] ljsf; ug]{ tyf /fh:j ;\sng;Fu ;fj{hlgs vr{ /
;]jfsf] tfbfTDotf :yflkt ug]{ sfo{ cem} r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5g\ .
cj;/
;\3Lotfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf ;\3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/x u7g eO{ cfGtl/s
;|f]tsf] clwstd kl/rfng x'g] cj:yf 5 . ;\3Lo ;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf] nflu nufgL a9fpg'kg]{
cj:yf 5 . cy{tGqdf c;xh cj:yf l;h{gf x'Fbf;d]t ljQLo ;+/rgf cg's"n /x]sf] 5 . s'n
ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] cg'kftdf /fh:j ;\sng ;Gtf]ifhgs /x]sf] 5 . /fh:jsf] j[l4b/ l:y/ Pjd\
/fd|f] 5 . k'glg{df{0f / gjlgdf{0fsf] sfdn] ult lng yfn]sf] 5 . Jofj;flos jftfj/0f ;xh x'Fb}
uPsf] sf/0f cfly{s lqmofsnfkx a9g] cj:yfdf 5g\ . s/ ;xeflutf a9\bf] 5 / s/sf] bfo/f
lj:tf/ x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog Pjd\ s/bftfsf] :j]lR5s kl/kfngfaf6
/fli6o s/fwf/sf] ;+/If0f ePsf] 5 . s/ k|0ffnLn] nufgLd}qL jftfj/0fnfO{ k|j4{g ul//x]sf] 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
cfGtl/s ;|f]tsf] kl/rfngaf6 ljQLo ;anLs/0f / cfly{s :yfloTj .
#=@ nIo
;fj{hlgs ljt ;+/rgfdf d"No clej[l4 s/, cfos/ / cGtMz'Nsnufotsf cfGtl/s
/fh:jsf] of]ubfg a9fO{ ;fj{hlgs ljsf; vr{sf] 7"nf] lx:;f /fh:j artaf6 k"lt{ ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
:jR5, t6:y Pjd\ kf/bzL{ s/ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / :j]lR5s s/ ;xeflutfaf6 s'n ufx{:Yo
pTkfbg;Fu s/ /fh:jsf] cg'kft a9fpFb} ;\3Lo ;+/rgfcg';f/sf] /fh:j ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f
ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ;\3Lo ljQnfO{ cfly{s ;d[l4sf] dfu{lrq agfpg] .
@= /fli6o s/fwf/sf] ;+/If0f u/L s/sf cfwf/ / bfo/f lj:tf/ ug]{ .
#= s/sf b/xnfO{ k|lt:kwL{ Pjd\ ;dGoflos agfpg] .
$= ;\3Lo ;+/rgf cg's"n s/ tyf u}/s/sf If]qxsf] k'g/fjnf]sg tyf afF8kmfF8 ug]{ .
38 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= /fh:jsf] cfwf/ km/flsnf] t'Nofpg ;a} k|sf/sf cfly{s sf/f]af/nfO{ n]vfl\st
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= cfGtl/s /fh:jnfO{ /fli6o cy{tGq lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ agfOg]5 . -!_
#= s/ k|0ffnLnfO{ nufgL tyf Joj;fod}qL agfOg]5 . -@_
$= cfly{s kf/blz{tf Nofpg] u/L s/ k|0ffnLnfO{ :jR5 / t6:y agfOg]5 . -#_
%= s/sf] hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ug{ s/ k|zf;gsf] ;anLs/0f ul/g]5 . -#_
^= s/ ljjfbsf] lgk0fsf nflu :yfoL ;+:yfut ;+oGq lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -#_
&= skf]{/]6 s/sf] b/ / eG;f/df 5'6nfO{ qmdzM 36fpFb} nlug]5 . -#_
*= ;a} lsl;dsf s/;DaGwL ljj/0fx ljB'tLo k|0ffnLdfkm{t\ k]z ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfOg]5 . -#_
(= /fh:j r'xfj6 tyf ljb]zL d'f ckrngsf] lgoGq0fsf nflu hf]lvd kl/;"rsx
lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -#_
!)= /fh:j ;\sngsf t'ngfTds Ifdtf, s'zntf / s/fwf/sf] dfkb08sf] cfwf/df
/fh:j kl/rfngsf] lhDd]jf/L ;\3, k|b]z / :yfgLo lgsfoaLr afF8kmfF8 ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
/fh:j k|zf;g s/bftfd}qL ePsf] x'g], PsLs[t s/ ;+lxtf tof/ ePsf] x'g], /fh:j
k|zf;gdf PsLs[t ljB'tLo k|0ffnL nfu" ePsf] x'g] / s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf /fh:jsf] cg'kft
@$=) k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g]5 .

#=@=# j}b]lzs ;xfotf


!= k[i7e"ld
/fh:j art ;Lldt x'g] t/ ljsf; sfo{df 7"nf] nufgL ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf cfly{s ;fdflhs
ljsf;df cGt/f{li6o cfly{s ;xfotfsf] e"ldsf dxjk"0f{ /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . ljutdf ljsf; vr{sf]
clwsf+z >f]t j}b]lzs ;xfotf /xg] u/]sf]df xfn o;n] s'n /fli6o ah]6sf] ;fnfvfnf @)
k|ltzt c+z cf]u6\g] u/]sf] 5 . ;xfotfk|ltsf] lge{/tf qmdzM 36fpFb} hfg] /fli6o ;f]r /x]
tfklg e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfsf] cfjZostfn] cfufdL jif{xdf of] cem} a9\b} hfg]
b]lvG5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] Go"g oyfy{ vr{, /fli6o k|0ffnLaflx/af6 ;xfotfsf] kl/rfng, 5l/P/
/x]sf v08Ls[t cfof]hgfxsf] afx'Notf, sfof{Gjogsf] sdhf]/ Ifdtf, sdhf]/ cg'udg /
emGeml6nf] vl/b k|s[of, ;xfotf ;Demf}tfk"j{sf] ckof{Kt tof/L, ljsf; ;xfotf gLltsf]
;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx | 39
k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog, lbuf] ljsf; nIo / /fli6o k|ltkmnsf] k|flKt;Fu ;xfotf kl/rfngsf]
tfbfTDotf, g]kfn;d]t ;xefuL /x]sf cGt/f{li6o ;Dd]ng tyf ;xdltsf] cfGtl/sLs/0f, /fli6o
cfjZostf / k|fyldstfsf cfof]hgfsf] tof/L Pjd\ k|:t'lth:tf r'gf}tLx j}b]lzs ;xfotf
kl/rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
;fdflhs, k|fs[lts, ef}uf]lns, ;f+:s[lts, /fhg}lts Pjd\ /0fgLlts ljz]iftfn] ubf{
cGt/f{li6o ;xfotf kl/rfngsf] pRr cj;/ k|fKt 5 . nufgL / art tyf cfoft /
lgof{taLrsf] vf8nn] ;[hgf u/]sf] ljsf; ljQsf] Go"gtfsf] k"lt{ ug{, b]zdf gofF 1fg / k|ljlw
leofpg, cGt/f{li6o s"6gLlts, ;f+:s[lts, Jofkfl/s Pjd\ /0fgLlts ;DaGwnfO{ /fli6o :jfy{
cg's"n x'g]u/L ;~rfng ug{sf nflu g]kfnn] cem} s]xL jif{ kof{Kt ;xfotf kl/rfng ug{;Sg]
cj:yf 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] /fli6o lxt / k|fyldstfsf If]qdf pkof]udfkm{t\ cfly{s ljsf;sf] Ifdtf
j[l4 .
#=@ nIo
ljsf; ljQsf nflu cGt/f{li6o cfly{s ;xfotfk|ltsf] lge{/tfnfO{ qmdzM sd ub}{ n}hfg] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= /fli6o k|fyldstfcg'k cfjZos kg]{ j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] kl/rfng ug'{ .
@= d'n'snfO{ ljsf; ljQsf nflu cfTdlge{/ agfpFb} lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo / /fli6o nIo
k|flKtdf ;xof]u ug'{ .
#= ;xfotfsf] ;xL d"No k|fKt x'g]u/L ljsf;sf] k|efjsfl/tf xfl;n ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= j}b]lzs ;xfotfnfO{ /fli6o ah]6 k|0ffnLdfkm{t\ kl/rfng ug]{ .
@= ;xfotfnfO{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;, /f]huf/L ;[hgf / pTkfbgzLn
If]qdf pkof]u ug]{ .
#= cfGtl/s Ifdtf j[l4 ub}{ j}b]lzs ;xfotfdflysf] k/lge{/tf 36fpFb} n}hfg] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= g]kfnnfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a} ;xfotfsf] ljj/0f ;xfotf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLdfkm{t\ Jojl:yt
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxdfkm{t\ kl/rfng x'g] ;xfotfnfO{ ;xfotf Joj:yfkg
k|0ffnLdf Jojl:yt u/L kf/bzL{ / hjfkmb]xL agfOg]5 . -!_

40 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#= j}b]lzs ;xfotfnfO{ ah]6 k|0ffnLdfkm{t\ kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
$= j}bl] zs ;xfotfsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]uaf6 /fli6o k'FhL lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -#_
%= j}bl] zs C0fnfO{ pRr k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g] If]qdf kl/rfng u/L /fli6o Ifdtf
a9fOg]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
/fli6o k|0ffnL ;'b[9 x'g], ;a} k|sf/sf] j}b]lzs ;xfotf /fli6o k|0ffnLcg';f/ kl/rfng x'g] /
/fli6o k|fyldstf / cfjZostf k"/f ug]{u/L j}blzs ;xfotfsf] kl/rfng x'g]5 .

#=@=$ ;fj{hlgs C0f


!= k[i7e"ld
ljut w]/} jif{b]lv ;/sf/L vr{ -k'FhLut_ nIocg';f/ x'g g;Sbf ah]6df k|:tfljt afXo
tyf cfGtl/s b'j} C0fsf] pkof]u sd ePsf] 5 . o;aLr /fh:j kl/rfng klg ;Gtf]ifhgs /
pT;fxk|b /x]sf] 5 . vf;u/L k'FhLut vr{df j[l4 x'g g;s]sf]n] ah]6 3f6f k"lt{ ug{ Tolt w]/}
cfGtl/s C0f kl/rfng ug{' kl//x]sf] 5}g . To;}n] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] cg'kftdf afXo /
cfGtl/s C0fef/ 36\b} uO{ ;/sf/n] 7"nf cfof]hgf yk C0f kl/rfngaf6 klg sfof{Gjog
ug{;Sg] 7fpF kfPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs ljsf;sf ;a} nIo xfl;n ug{ vr{sf] dfqf / vr{ ug]{ Ifdtf
b'j} a9fpg'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] ;Gbe{df ah]6 3f6f k"lt{ ug{ ;fj{hlgs C0f kl/rfng ug{'kg]{
cfjZostf kb{5 . o;/L ;fj{hlgs C0f kl/rfng ubf{ cfGtl/s / afXo b'j} C0faLr ;Gt'ng
sfod ug{sf cltl/Qm lghL If]qdf nufgL clej[l4sf] cj;/nfO{ s'l07t kfg'{ gx'g] kIf klg
Tolts} dxjk"0f{ x'G5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;fj{hlgs C0f Joj:yfkg;DaGwL gLltut / ;+:yfut :ki6tf sfod ug{' tyf ;fj{hlgs
C0fsf] pRrtd / pTkfbgzLn pkof]u u/L /fh:j / ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] ;Gt'lnt Joj:yfkgf/f
C0fef/ axg ug{;Sg] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{'kg]{ r'gf}tL 5 .
cj;/
s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg;Fu t'ngf ubf{ ;fj{hlgs C0fsf] c+z blIf0f Pl;ofd} sd 5 . ljsf;
k|zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{, lghL If]q tyf afXo nufgL k|j4{g
ub}{ cfly{s ljsf;sf] j[l4b/ a9fpgsf cltl/Qm j[l4nfO{ lbuf] agfpg ;fj{hlgs C0f kl/rfng
ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5 .

;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx | 41


#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;fj{hlgs C0fsf] pTkfbgzLn If]qdf pkof]uf/f ;an /fi6 lgdf{0f .
#=@ nIo
cfly{s;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos C0f kl/rfng ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
cfly{s j[l4, /f]huf/L l;h{gf / /fli6o k'FhL lgdf{0fdf of]ubfg k'ofpg] u/L ;fj{hlgs -
cfGtl/s tyf afXo_ C0fsf] Joj:yfkg ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= C0f ltg{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ If]qdf dfq C0f lng] .
@= ;fj{hlgs C0fnfO{ lglZrt ;Ldfleq /fVg vr{ / /fh:jsf] s'zn Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= pRr k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g] cfof]hgfdf dfq ;fj{hlgs C0f pkof]u ul/g]5 . -!_
@= ;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTj sfod ug{ cfGtl/s C0fsf] dfqfnfO{ plrt ;Ldfleq
/flvg]5 . -@_
#= ;fj{hlgs C0f Joj:yfkg;DaGwL gLltut, sfg'gL tyf ;+:yfut Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -@_
$= 6]h/L lannfO{ ;/sf/sf] gub k|jfxsf] cj:yfadf]lhd cNksfnLg ;fj{hlgs C0f
kl/rfngsf nfludfq k|of]u ul/g]5 . -@_
%= ;/sf/afx]ssf s'g} klg lgsfon] lng] j}b]lzs C0fdf ;/sf/ hdfgt a:g]5}g . -@_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
;fj{hlgs C0fsf] pkof]u pRr k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g] If]qdf ljlgof]hg ePsf] x'g], C0fsf]
kl/df0f d'n'sn] wfGg ;Sg] :t/df sfod ePsf] x'g] / ;fj{hlgs C0f Joj:yfkg ;'b[9 ePsf]
x'g]5 .

#=# df}lb|s tyf ljQLo gLlt


!= k[i7e"ld
d"No l:y/tf, zf]wgfGt/ art tyf ljQLo If]q :yfloTj sfod tyf pknAw ljQLo ;fwgsf]
plrt kl/rfngdfkm{t\ lgIf]k / shf{sf] dfu tyf cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg u/L cfly{s j[l4df of]ubfg
k'ofpg] df}ls tyf ljQLo gLltsf] d"ne"t p2]Zo /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . df}ls tyf ljQLo
gLltdfkm{t\ cy{tGqdf dfu Joj:yfkg u/L cfly{s j[l4, /f]huf/L l;h{gf / cfly{s :yfloTj sfod
ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . s[lif, pmhf{, cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg, k"jf{wf/h:tf pTkfbgzLn If]qtkm{ ;fwg >f]t k|jfx

42 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


ug{ ljQLo Pjd\ df}ls gLltnfO{ kl/rfng ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . To;}u/L shf{ pkof]usf] nflu k"/f
ug{'kg]{ k|lqmofut Pjd\ lwtf];DaGwL ;fgf tyf dWod ju{sf pBdLx shf{sf] pkof]udf
cfslif{t ug]{ sfo{x;d]t df}lb|s tyf ljQLo gLltn] ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . pko'Qm df}ls Pjd\ ljQLo
If]q Joj:yfkgsf dfWodaf6 ;+:yfut Pjd\ ;+/rgfut ;'wf/ u/L cy{tGqdf ;sf/fTds k|efj
kfg{ df}lb|s tyf ljQLo gLlt s]lGb|t ug'{kg]{5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
ljBdfg ;+/rgfut, gLltut, cfk"lt{hGo ;d:ofsf] sf/0fn] cy{tGqdf dfu / cfk"lt{aLr
x'g;Sg] c;Gt'ngaf6 cfly{s :yfloTjdf b]lvg] c;/ r'gf}tLsf] kdf /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L, df}ls
pks/0faf6 ljQLo ;+:yfxdf /x]sf] artnfO{ s'zn nufgLdf kl/0ft ug]{ sfo{ klg r'gf}tLk"0f{
/x]sf] 5 .
cj;/
ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/, ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;, cy{tGqdf b]lvPsf] If]qut
Pjd\ ;+/rgfTds kl/jt{g cflbn] df}ls tyf ljQLo gLltsf] cfly{s j[l4 / ;dli6ut cfly{s
:jfldTj xfl;n x'g]u/L th{'df / sfof{Gjog x'g] cj;/ pknAw 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
k|efjsf/L df}ls tyf ljQLo gLltdfkm{t\ lbuf] Pjd\ :jt:y (Built-in) ljt/0fLo pRr
cfly{s j[l4 tyf :jfldTj .
#=@ nIo
ljQLo ;]jfdf kx'Fr a9fpFb} ;dli6ut cfly{s l:y/tf / pRr cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= df}ls gLlt d"ntM d"No tyf afXo If]q :yfloTj sfod ub}{ cfly{s j[l4sf] nIo
xfl;n ug{ ;xof]u ug'{ / ljQLo kx'Fr sfod ug'{ .
@= cfly{s kn] lk5l8Psf gful/s;Dd a}\ls tyf ljQLo kx'Fr lj:tf/ Pjd\
k|0ffnLdflysf] hgljZjf; clej[l4 ug'{ .
#= ljQLo gLlt tyf df}ls gLltaf6 ljQLo If]qdf /x]sf] ;fwg;|f]tnfO{ pTkfbgzLn
If]qdf pkof]u ug{ k|]l/t ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= df}ls gLltnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg cWoog / cg';Gwfgsf cfwf/df kl/dfh{g u/L
cfly{s j[l4nfO{ ;3fp k'Ug] k|sf/n] sfof{Gjog ub}{ n}hfg] .

;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx | 43


@= ljQLo If]qsf] ;dfj]zL, lbuf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ Pjd\ :yfloTj sfod ug{ gLltut /
;+/rgfut ;'wf/ ug]{ .
#= b'u{d tyf lk5l8Psf] If]qdf ljQLo ;]jf lj:tf/ ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug{'sf ;fy} ljQLo
;fwgsf] pkof]udfkm{t\ cfly{s lqmofsnfk lj:tf/ ug]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ .
$= ;x'lnot Joj:yf tyf lwtf] k4ltdf ;'wf/ u/L s[lif, pBf]u, pmhf{, ko{6g,
k"jf{wf/nufotsf pTkfbgzLn If]qxdf shf{ lj:tf/ ug]{ .
%= ljQLo ;]6L g]6sf] cfjZos Joj:yf u/L cfw'lgs, ;'/lIft Pjd\ :j:y e'QmfgL
k|0ffnLdfkm{t\ ljQLo If]qnfO{ ;'b[9, k|lt:kwL{ / ljZj;gLo agfpg] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= df}ls gLltsf] k|d'v cf}hf/sf] kdf /x]sf] v'nf ahf/ sf/f]af/nfO{ yk lqmofzLn
t'Nofpg cfjZos ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tof/ ug{'sf ;fy} pko'Qm pks/0fx k|of]udf
NofOg]5 . -!_
@= df}ls lj:tf/nfO{ jfl~5t ;Ldfleq /fVg'sf] ;fy} ljQLo t/ntfnfO{ pTkfbg If]qlt/
k|jflxt ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ljQLo If]q ljsf; /0fgLlt tyf o; If]q;Fu ;DalGwt sfg'g kl/dfh{g / lgdf{0f u/L
sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -!_
$= ljQLo If]qdf k|lt:kwf{, kx'Fr / ;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ tyf bL3{sfnLg shf{
k|jfx ug]{ Pjd\ ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]u Joj;fosf] nflu shf{ k|jfx ug]{ ljlzi6Ls[t
ljQLo ;+:yf :yfkgf ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf]
Ohfhtkq;DaGwL gLltut Joj:yfdf cfjZos kl/dfh{g ul/g]5 . -@_
%= a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] Ps cfk;df ufEg]ufleg] tyf k|flKt ug]{ sfo{nfO{
k|f]T;fxg tyf k'FhL j[l4;DaGwL gLltsf] k|efjsf/L kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -@_
^= ;xsf/L ;+:yfnufot n3'ljQ ;+:yfxsf] lgodg, ;'kl/j]If0f / cg'udgsf] nflu Ps
5'} lgsfosf] :yfkgf u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -@_
&= a}sljQLo ;+:yfxsf] jf:tljs ljQLo l:ylt;lxt qm]l86 /]l6 ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfOg]5 . -@_
*= 8]l/e]l6e ahf/nufot d'f ahf/ k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg cfjZos lgodgsf]
Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -@_
(= b'u{d tyf lk5l8Psf] If]qdf a}+s zfvf Pjd\ df]afOn a}\ls ;]jf lj:tf/ tyf
;fdflhs a}+ls cjwf/0ffcg'k ljQLo ;+:yf :yfkgf ug{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -#_
!)= n3'ljQ ;+:yfnfO{ ;an / k|efjsf/L agfpg ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd, s[lif tyf kz' k|rf/
;]jf sfo{qmd, ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmd, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f tyf ;Lk ljsf; tyf
Jofj;flos tflndsf sfo{qmd;d]t ;dGjo u/L cufl8 a9fOg]5 . -#_

44 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


!!= n3'ljQ ;+:yfxsf] Ifdtf -;+:yfut Pjd\ ljQLo_ clej[l4 u/L pQm ;+:yfxnfO{
u|fdL0f tyf 3/]n' Joj;fodf cem a9L lqmofzLn u/fpFb} nlug]5 . -#_
!@= pTkfbgzLn If]qdf ljQLo ;fwgsf] cefj x'g glbg tyf ljQLo dWo:ytf nfut sd
ug{ pknAw u/fOg] k'gs{hf{ ;'ljwfsf] ;b'kof]lutfsf cfwf/df o;nfO{ yk Jojl:yt
u/L o:tf] ;'ljwfsf] pkof]unfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . -$_
!#= cfw'lgs tyf ;'/lIft e'QmfgL k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;sf nflu jf:tljs ;dodf sf/f]af/
/fkm;fkm -Real Time Gross Settlement-RTGS) k|0ffnLnufotsf cfjZos k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f
u/L /fli6o e'QmfgL :jLr -National Payment Switch_ :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -%_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
jflif{s cf};t d'f:kmLlt b/ &=% k|ltztdf ;Lldt /xg], lj:t[t d'fk|bfosf] cf};t j[l4b/
!* k|ltzt sfod /xg], sDtLdf cf7 dlxgfsf] j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfoft wfGg ;Sg] ljb]zL d'f
;l~rlt sfod /x]sf] x'g], lghL If]qtkm{sf] shf{ cf};tdf @) k|ltztn] a9]sf] x'g], a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] s'n shf{df tf]lsPsf] pTkfbgzLn If]qtkm{sf] shf{sf] cg'kft @) k|ltzteGbf
dfly /x]sf] x'g], ljQLo ;fIf/tf Pjd\ ;dfj]zLs/0f a9]sf] x'g] / ljQLo ;]jfsf] kx'Fr lj:tf/ eO{
k|lt a}+s zfvfhg;\Vof cg'kft pNn]Vo kdf 36]sf] x'g]5 .

#=$ ladf tyf k'hL ahf/


#=$=! ladf
!= k[i7e"ld
hf]lvd lj?4 ckgfOg] ;fdflhs Pjd\ cfly{s ;'/Iff /0fgLltsf] k|efjsf/L cf}hf/sf] kdf
ladfIf]q lj:tf/ x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . o;n] ;Demf}tLt artsf] j[l4 u/L nufgL a9fpg / k|ToIf tyf
ck|ToIf /f]huf/L l;h{gf u/L cy{tGqdf pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'ofPsf] 5 . ladf lgodg lgsfosf]
kdf ladf ;ldltsf] e"ldsf ;an ePsf] / b'u{d If]qdf ladf sDkgLsf zfvfxsf] qmdzM
lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . :jf:Yo, s[lif, kz' / afnL ladfh:tf gofF ladf ;]jfx ;'? ePsf 5g\ .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
cGt/f{li6o dfkb08cg'k ladf ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug{', hLjg ladfnfO{ cfly{s ;'/Iffsf
;fy} bL3{sfnLg art / nufgLsf] pQd dfWodsf] kdf :yflkt ug{', lghL{jg ladfnfO{
;fdflhs tyf k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 pTkGg x'g;Sg] cfly{s Iflt Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;zQm ;+oGqsf]
kdf :yflkt ug{' / b'u{d If]q tyf ;dfhsf Go"g cfo ePsf ju{nufot ;a} tx;Dd ladf ;]jf
k'ofpg' o; If]qsf] r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L ladfsf] cfw'lgsLs/0fdf ;xof]u k'
ofpg] sfg'gL / ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tof/ ug{', afnL tyf kz' ladf cem tLj| kdf lj:tf/ u/L

;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx | 45


s[lifdf hg;fwf/0fsf] nufgL ;'/lIft u/L s[lif cy{tGqsf] ljsf;df 6]jf k'ofpg', n3' ladfsf]
ljsf; ug{' / hLjg ladf ;]jf lj:tf/ u/L clwstd g]kfnLsf] kx'Frdf k'ofpg' klg r'gf}tLk"0f{
/x]sf] 5 .
cj;/
ladfk|lt gful/sdf a9\b} uPsf] ;r]tgf, e"sDknufot k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf sf/0f ladfsf]
cfjZostf dxz';, nufgLsf] jftfj/0f cg's"n l;h{gf x'Fbf ladf Joj;fo;d]t lj:tf/ x'g]
;Defjgf ;fy} s[lif Pjd\ :jf:Yo If]qdf ePsf] ladfsf] lj:tf/ ladf If]qsf cj;/sf kdf
/x]sf 5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
ladf ;]jfsf] ljZj;gLotf tyf kx'Fr clej[l4af6 cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pjd\ k|fs[lts
sf/0faf6 pTkGg x'g] hf]lvdx lj4 k"0f{ ljQLo ;'/Iff .
#=@ nIo
cGt/f{li6o dfkb08 tyf /fli6o cfjZostfcg'k ladf ;]jfsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ /
Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] hf]lvdnfO{ ladfsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
lads tyf lgofds lgsfosf] Ifdtf a9fpFb} b'u{d tyf Go"g cfo ePsf ju{nufot
;dfhsf ;a} tx;Dd ladf ;]jfsf] kx'r
F k'ofpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ladf;DaGwL cGt/f{li6o dfkb08sf] cfwf/df laldtsf] lxt ;'lglZrt ug{ gLltut
Pjd\ ;+:yfut ;'wf/ ug]{ .
@= b'u{d If]q tyf Go"g cfo ePsf ju{;Dd ladf ;]jf k'ofpg ljZj;gLo ;+oGqxsf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ljBdfg sfg'gL Joj:yfxdf cfjZostfcg';f/ kl/dfh{g ul/g'sf ;fy} ladf;Fu
;DalGwt cfjZos gLltut tyf sfg'gL cfwf/x th{'df ul/g]5 . -!_
@= ladf If]qnfO{ lgoldt Pjd\ Jojl:yt ug{ ;Ifd x'g]u/L lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] Ifdtf
clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ladsxsf] cg'udg tyf ;'kl/j]If0fnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ cGt/f{li6o:t/sf] ladf ;]jf
k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -!_
$= aLdssf] nufgLof]Uo /sdnfO{ cem ;'/lIft tyf k|ltkmnd'vL If]qdf nufgL ug]{
jftfj/0f tof/ ul/g]5 . -!_

46 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


%= ladf bfaL k|s[of ;/nLs/0fsf nflu k|efjsf/L j}slNks ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
^= :jb]zdf :yfkgf ePsf] g]kfn k'gla{df sDkgLnfO{ ;'b[9 / ;Ifd agfOg]5 . -!_
&= ladssf] c;kmntfaf6 laldtnfO{ kg{;Sg] gf]S;fgLnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ laldt lxt
;+/If0f sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_
*= ladf If]qsf] cWoog tyf cg';Gwfgsf] nflu ladf k|lti7fgsf] :yfkgf u/L ;~rfngdf
NofOg]5 . -!_
(= ladfsf] kx'Fr k'Ug g;s]sf b'u{d lhNnfxdf zfvf sfof{nox :yfkgf ug{
ladsxnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= ladf;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug{ b'u{d tyf u|fdL0f If]qnfO{ ;d]l6g] u/L
hfgsf/Ld"ns sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= b'u{d u|fdL0f If]q tyf Go"g cfo ePsf] ju{sf] cfjZostfcg'k n3'ladf ;]jfsf]
lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -@_
!@= ladfsf] bfo/f a9fO{ s[lif Pjd\ :jf:Yo If]qdf ladf sfo{qmdnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L
agfOg]5 . -@_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
gofF ladfn]vsf] ;\Vof sl/a #% nfv k'u]sf] x'g], ladsxsf] ladf z'Ns cfh{g ?= %)
ca{ %) s/f]8, nufgLof]Uo /sd ?= ! va{ ^@ ca{ k'u]sf] x'g], ladfIf]qn] sd{rf/L, ladf clestf{
/ ;e]{o/sf] kdf sl/a !,!%,))) hgfnfO{ k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf]
x'g]5 . ;fy}, b'u{d u|fdL0f If]q tyf ;dfhsf Go"g cfo ePsf ju{nufot ;a} txsf] kx'Frdf ladf
;]jf k'u]sf] x'g], laldtsf] lxt ;+/If0f;DaGwL cfwf/x tof/ e} ladf Joj;fok|lt ljZj;gLotf
clej[l4 ePsf] x'g] / cGt/f{li6o dfkb08 tyf /fli6o cfjZostfcg'k ladf ;]jfsf] :t/
clej[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

#=$=@ k'hL ahf/


!= k[i7e"ld
b]zdf 5l/P/ /x]sf] artnfO{ bL3{sfnLg artsf pks/0fxdfkm{t\ kl/rfng u/L
pTkfbgzLn If]qdf nufgL a9fpg k'FhL ahf/n] dxjk"0f{ ;+oGqsf] kdf sfo{ ub{5 . bIf Pjd\
k|efjsf/L ahf/ tyf lgodg Joj:yfn] k'FhL ahf/ cem ulx/f], l:y/ / k|efjsf/L x'g]5 .
g]kfndf lj=;+= @)## df k'FhL ahf/sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; k|f/De ePsf] eP tfklg xfn;Dd o;n]
ck]lIft lj:tf/ / ulx/fO k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . lwtf]kq tyf bL3{sfnLg C0fsf] ;]jf lj:tf/ ub}{
o;nfO{ pbLodfg k'FhL ahf/sf] :t/df j[l4 ug{ cfjZos 5 .

;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx | 47


@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
cfly{s j[l4nfO{ k|ToIf ;3fp k'Ug] u/L k'FhL ahf/ kl/rfng, ;+:yfut ;'zf;gsf]
cfrf/;+lxtf nfu" u/L ;+:yfut ;'zf;gdf ;'wf/, lwtf]kq ahf/sf] ;'b[9 lgodg Joj:yf, lwtf]kq
lgisfzg tyf sf/f]af/ nfutdf sdL, lwtf]kqsf] lgisfzgdf :jtGq d"No lgwf{/0fsf] Joj:yf /
k'FhL ahf/dfkm{t\ k'FhL kl/rfng ug]{ jf:tljs If]qsf ;\ul7t ;+:yfxnfO{ ljQLo k|f]T;fxgsf]
Joj:yf u/L k'FhLahf/df k|j]z u/fpg] sfo{ r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . lwtf]kq Joj;fonfO{ yk
Jofj;flos tyf dof{lbt agfO{ lwtf]kq Joj;foL ;]jfnfO{ yk k|lt:kwL{ Pjd\ ljZj;gLo agfpg
cfjZos ;+:yfut Joj:yf ug]{ sfo{ klg r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .
cj;/
b]zsf] cy{tGqsf] Jofj;flosLs/0f tyf cf}Bf]lusLs/0f ug{ cfjZos bL3{sfnLg k'FhL 7"nf]
kl/df0f / Go"g nfutdf pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] cj:yf, ;du| ljQLo ahf/sf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;df
of]ubfg ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf, cfd nufgLstf{ gful/ssf] k'FhLahf/k|ltsf] a9\bf] ;r]tgf /
cfsif{0f, k'FhL ahf/df lgisfzgstf{, ;"rLs[t ;\ul7t ;+:yf / lwtf]kq Joj;foLxsf] ljsf;
tyf lj:tf/ / a9\bf] ljk|]if0f cfk|jfx / u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLn] ;d]t g]kfndf nufgL ug{ ;Sg]
;+j}wflgs Joj:yfnfO{ k'FhLahf/sf] cj;/sf] kdf lng ;lsG5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;'b[9 k'FhL ahf/dfkm{t\ lbuf] cfly{s j[l4 .
#=@ nIo
/fli6o art tyf nufgL Pjd\ cGt/f{li6o nufgLnfO{ cfslif{t ug{ / cy{tGqsf] k'FhL
nfutdf sdL Nofpg ;Ifd, ultzLn / ljZj;gLo k'FhL ahf/sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
k'FhL ahf/nfO{ kf/bzL{ / k|lt:kwL{ Pjd\ k'FhL kl/rfngstf{ tyf nufgLstf{xsf] kx'Frof]Uo
/ ljZj;gLo agfpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= k'FhL ahf/ ;~rfng tyf lgodg;DaGwL cGt/f{li6o:t/sf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug]{ .
@= k'hF L ahf/df jf:tljs If]qsf ;\ul7t ;+:yf, ;fgf nufgLstf{ / /fli6o tyf
cGt/f{li6o ;+:yfut nufgLstf{xsf] cfsif{0f a9fpg] .
#= k'FhL ahf/df ;+nUg ;+:yf tyf lgsfoxsf] Jofj;flostf tyf ;+:yfut ;'zf;g
clej[l4 ug]{ .

48 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#=% sfo{gLlt
!= g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{df cfjZos Go"gtd bIf Pjd\ k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] k"lt{ tyf
;~rfng :jfoQtf k|bfg u/L o;nfO{ ;an lgodg lgsfosf] kdf ljsf;
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= k'FhL ahf/;DaGwL ljBdfg sfg'gL Joj:yfxsf] k'g/fjnf]sg tyf gofF sfg'g th{'df
ul/g]5 . -!_
#= g]kfn :6s PS;r]~h ln= tyf l;l8P; P08 lSnol/ ln=df cGt/f{li6o:t/sf]
sf/f]af/ k|0ffnL, sf/f]af/sf] /fkm;fkm tyf km5\of}{6 / gfd;f/L k|0ffnL ljsf;
ul/g]5 . -!_
$= ljQLo ;fIf/tf tyf nufgLstf{ lzIff sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L ;fgf artstf{ /
nufgLstf{xsf] lwtf]kq ahf/df cfsif{0f clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -@_
%= z]o/, C0fkq tyf cGo ahf/of]Uo pks/0fxsf] sf/f]af/ tyf ;fd"lxs sf]ifnfO{
ljs]lGt u/L u|fdL0f If]qsf hgtfxn] o:tf pks/0fxdf ug]{ sf/f]af/nfO{ ;xh,
kx'Frof]Uo / ;dfj]zL agfOg]5 . -@_
^= lwtf]kqsf] k|fylds lgisfzgdf :jtGq d"No lgwf{/0f, 7"nf] k'FhL cfwf/ x'g] ;\ul7t
;+:yfx klAns lnld6]8 x'g'kg]{ k|fjwfg tyf s/ 5'6nufotsf sfg'gL Joj:yf u/L
jf:tljs If]qsf ;\ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ cfslif{t ul/g]5 . -@_
&= g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{n] lwtf]kq ahf/ lgodg lgsfoxsf] cGt/f{li6o ;\u7g
-International Organization of Securities Commissions_ sf] ;b:otf lng cfjZos
Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -@_
*= cfjZos sfg'gL Joj:yf u/L lwtf]kqsf] ltLo ahf/ u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL tyf ljb]zL
;+:yfut nufgLstf{xsf] nufgLsf nflu v'Nnf ul/g]5 . -@_
(= lgisfzgstf{ tyf ;"rLs[t sDkgLxf/f g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{df k]z ul/Psf ;"rgf,
hfgsf/L tyf k|ltj]bgxsf] k'g/fjnf]sg k4lt nfu" ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= lgisfzgstf{, ;"lrs[t ;\ul7t ;+:yf / lwtf]kq Joj;foLxsf] nflu ;+:yfut
;'zf;g;DaGwL cfrf/;+lxtf / Jofj;flostf ljsf;;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L nfu"
ul/g]5 . -#_
!!= nufgLstf{ lzIff, lwtf]kq Joj;foLxsf] Jofj;flostf clej[l4 tyf
k'FhLahf/;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{ ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/Ldf lwtf]kq ahf/
k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgsf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
k'FhLahf/df cGt/f{li6o:t/sf] sf/f]af/ k|0ffnL, sf/f]af/sf] /fkm;fkm tyf km5\of}{6 /
gfd;f/L k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ePsf] x'g], ;fj{hlgs lgisfzgdf :jtGq d"No lgwf{/0fsf] Joj:yf eO{

;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx | 49


lwtf]kq ahf/df u}/ljQLo If]qsf ;\ul7t ;+:yfxsf] j[l4 ePsf] x'g], ;"rLs[t sDkgLxsf]
;"rgf k|jfx tyf ;'zf;g cEof;df ;'wf/ cfPsf] x'g] / nufgLstf{sf] ;r]tgf tyf lwtf]kq
Joj;foLxsf] Jofj;flostf clej[l4 ePsf] x'g5
] .
#=% ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg
!= k[i7e"ld
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ cfwf/e"t j:t' tyf ;]jf ;j{;'ne / ;'ky
d"Nodf laqmL ljt/0f ug]{, ljsf;sf] cfwf/e"t ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{, j:t';]jf pTkfbg tyf
laqmLdf Jofj;flos l;4fGt cjnDag u/L sfo{bIftf Pjd\ k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4 u/L gfkmf;d]t
cfh{g u/L cfly{s kn] cfTdlge{/ /xg], k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f Pjd\ cfly{s j[l4df of]ubfg k'ofpg] /
;fdflhs Gofo k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zon] :yflkt ePsf x'g\ . t]x|f}F of]hgf cjlw;Dd cfOk'Ubf cfgf
3f]lift p2]Zo k|flKtdf oL ;+:yfg k|foM c;kmn g} /x] . ;Lldt ;:yfgafx]s cGo ;a} Jofj;flos
kdf ;~rfng x'g g;Sbf aGb x'g], lghLs/0f ug'{kg]{ jf 7"nf] cg'bfg lbP/ rnfpg'kg]{
cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
hgtfsf cfwf/e"t txsf ;]jf ljt/0fdf h?/L ePsf Pjd\ ahf/nfO{ ;Gt'lnt /fvL /fVgsf
nflu ge} gx'g] ;+:yfgxdf dfq ;/sf/ ;+nUg /xL cGonfO{ lghL If]q;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf
Jofj;flos of]hgf;lxt ;~rfng ug{', ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] sf/0f ;/sf/dfly k/]sf] ljQLo ef/
Go"gLs/0f ug{', sd{rf/Lxdf k]zfut Jofj;flostf clej[l4 u/fO{ hjfkmb]lxtf / pQ/bfloTjsf]
efjgf ljsf; ug{', ;+:yfgxsf] Jofj;flos lqmofsnfkdf ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf Go"gLs/0f ub}{
cfly{s ljsf;sf] d]b08sf] kdf ;+:yfgxnfO{ ;~rfng ug{' cem} r'gf}tL g} /x]sf] 5 .
cj;/
lghL If]q Jofj;flos kdf cfslif{t g/x]sfn] ;/sf/sf] pkl:ylt ;fljt ePsf], ;/sf/L
gLltx Joj;fod}qL /x]sf], o; If]qsf] ;'wf/df ljsf; ;fem]bf/xsf] rf;f] /x]sf] / hgtfsf
cfwf/e"t cfjZostf kl/k"lt{sf] If]qdf cem} klg ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] cfjZostf dxz'; ul/g'
cj;/sf kdf /x]sf 5g\ . :ki6 ;/sf/L gLlt, Jofj;flos sfo{of]hgf, pQ/bfoL sd{rf/L
;+oGq tyf l:y/ /fhgLlt jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsg] xf] eg] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx cfgf p2]Zo
xfl;n ug{ ;Ifd x'g] b]lvG5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
k"0f{ Jofj;flos ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgxsf dfWodaf6 j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] ;'ne, ;xh /
u'0f:t/Lo kdf cfk"lt{ tyf ljt/0fdfkm{t\ hglxt .

50 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#=@ nIo
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgxsf] Joj:yfksLo k|efjsfl/tf / ljQLo sfo{s'zntfdf hf]8 lbO{
Jofj;flostf clej[l4 ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= hgtfsf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ j:t' tyf ;]jf Jofj;flos cjwf/0ffcg';f/
;~rfng ug{' .
@= lghL If]q ;Ifd ;fljt ePsf tyf k|lt:kwL{ ahf/sf] ;Defjgf /x]sf If]qxdf lghL
If]qsf] nufgL;d]t cfsif{0f ug]{ jftfj/0f lgdf{0f u/L ;+:yfg ;~rfngdf ;/sf/,
lghL If]q / ;xsf/L If]qsf] lqkIfLo ;+nUgtf ;'lglZrt ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= hgtfsf] b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t' tyf ;]jf ljt/0f Pjd\ ;+j]bgzLn ;fdflhs If]qsf
;+:yfgxdf dfq ;/sf/L nufgL s]lGt u/L tL ;+:yfgsf] Jofj;flos s'zntf tyf
;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj clej[l4 ug]{ .
@= ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg ;~rfng;DaGwdf :ki6 wf/0ff agfO{ Joj:yfksLo tyf ljQLo
;'wf/ ug]{ .
#= ;fj{hlgslghL;xsf/L ;fem]bf/Ldfkm{t\ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg ;~rfng ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;+:yfgsf] p2]Zo xfn;Dd ;Dkflbt sfdsf] glthf, cfly{s l:ylt, Jofj;flos bIftf
/ ;/sf/sf] cfly{s gLlt;d]t ljZn]if0f u/L ;/sf/L nufgL cfjZos kg]{gkg]{
;+:yfgxsf] 5gf]6 ul/g]5 . -!_
@= ;/sf/ ;+nUg /xg'kg]{ ;+:yfgxsf] Jofj;flos Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ ;~rfns /
sfo{sf/L k|d'v v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{af6 5gf]6 ul/g]5 . -!_
#= Joj:yfksLo :jfoQtf lbO{ ;]jf tyf j:t'sf] pTkfbg, d"No lgwf{/0f, ljt/0fnufotsf
cfly{s / k|zf;lgs lg0f{odf :jfoQtf lbOg]5 . -@_
$= 5gf]6 ePsf ;~rfns / sfo{sf/L k|d'v;Fu sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rssf] cfwf/df
sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf ul/g]5 . ;/sf/L nufgLnfO{ ;+:yfgn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfd /
;]jf k|jfxsf] k|efjsfl/tf;Fu tfnd]n ldnfOg]5 . -@_
%= /fHon] ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos g/x]sf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgxsf] k|lt:kwL{ Ifdtf
a9fpg ;/sf/L nufgL ljlgj]z ul/g]5 . -#_
^= ;/sf/n] nufgL ljlgj]z ug]{ ;+:yfgxdf lghL / ;xsf/L If]qsf] nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg
lbOg]5 . -#_
&= lghLIf]q cfslif{t gx'g] If]qsf ;+:yfgxnfO{ ;DklQ / bfloTjsf] lx;fa ldnfg u/L
vf/]hL ul/g]5 . -#_

;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx | 51


*= Go"g Ifdtfdf ;~rflnt ;+:yfgxnfO{ ;/sf/L :jfldTj /xg]u/L lghL If]qnfO{ s/f/
u/L Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg u/fOg]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
hgtfsf hLjgofkg;Fu k|ToIf hf]l8Psf j:t' tyf ;]jfdf ;/sf/L ;+:yfgxsf] pkl:ylt
:yflkt eO{ tL ;+:yfgx Jofj;flos s'zntfk"j{s ;~rfng ePsf] x'g], ;+:yfgxsf] pTkfbg
nfut 36\g uO{ pTkfbsTj j[l4 tyf cfly{s pQ/bfloTj k|j4{g ePsf] x'g] / ;fj{hlgs
;+:yfgsf] sfo{s'zntf s} sf/0f hgtfsf] ljZjf; a9\g uO{ o; If]qdf lghLIf]qsf] cfsif{0f a9]sf]
x'g]5 .

#=^ j}b]lzs Jofkf/, ljb]zL ljlgdo tyf zf]wgfGt/


!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt / ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rltsf] :t/ d'Vo kdf cfoftdf x'g]
e'QmfgL / ljk|]if0f cfk|jfxn] lgwf{/0f ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . j:t' tyf ;]jf lgof{tsf] t'ngfdf cfoftsf]
cfsf/ km/flsnf] / 7"nf] /x]sf] tyf lgof{tsf] lj:tf/ sdhf]/ ePsfn] Jofkf/ 3f6f lg/Gt/
al9/x]sf] eP tfklg ljk|]if0f cfosf sf/0f g]kfnsf] zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt clwsf+z jif{xdf artdf
/x]sf] 5 . lgof{tof]Uo j:t'xsf] pTkfbg / ltgLxsf] lgof{t k|j4{g x'g g;Sbf g]kfnn]
cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/af6 cem;Dd klg ck]lIft kmfObf lng ;s]sf] 5}g . cfoftsf] a9\bf] cfsf/ /
ef/t;Fusf] a9\bf] Jofkf/sf sf/0f d'n'sn] nfdf] ;do;Dd klg ljb]zL d'fsf] e'QmfgLdf ef/tLo
d'fsf] vl/b ul//xg'k/]sf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
ljk|]if0f cfk|jfx / cfoftsf] k|j[ltdf lge{/ /x]sf] afXo If]qsf] :yfloTj lbuf] agfpg',
cf}Bf]lus If]qdf pT;fx, gjk|jt{g tyf To;sf] cu|k[i7 ;DaGw sfod ug{', pTkfbgzLn If]qdf
nufgL clej[l4 tyf k'FhL / >dsf] pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{', Jofj;flos jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ u/L
ko{6g cfo j[l4 ug{', cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wf/ tyf pmhf{sf] kof{Kt Joj:yf u/L lghL nufgL cfslif{t
ug{' / ljk|]if0f cfk|jfxsf] sf/0f a9\bf] qmddf /x]sf] s'n /fli6o art pTkfbgzLn If]qdf pkof]u
ug{'h:tf r'gf}tL /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
ljsl;t Pjd\ pbLodfg cy{tGqdf t'ngfTds nfesf j:t'xsf] lgof{t ug{ ;lsg], pRr
;Defjgf ePsf wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, b[Zofjnf]sg / ;fxl;s ko{6gsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg], pmhf{,
ko{6g, vlghhGo / pTkfbgd"ns Joj;fodf j}blzs nufgL leofpg ;lsg], j}b]lzs
/f]huf/Lsf nflu bIf hgzlQm ljsf; u/L ljk|]if0f cfk|jfxdf pRr j[l4 ug{ ;lsg] / l5d]sL

52 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


b]zxdf ePsf] pRr cfly{s j[l4af6 b]zsf] ko{6g, Jofkf/ / nufgLsf If]qdf kmfObf lng
;lsg]h:tf cj;/ /x]sf 5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
afXo If]qsf] ;'b[9Ls/0fdfkm{t\ cfly{s ;fdflhs ;d[l4 .
#=@ nIo
lgof{t k|j4{g, cfoft k|lt:yfkg, ko{6g k|j4{g, pmhf{ ljsf;, j}b]lzs nufgL cfsif{0f tyf
ljk|]if0f kl/rfngdfkm{t\ zf]wgfGt/ art / kof{Kt ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rlt sfod ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= ;Defljt j:t'sf] cfGtl/s pTkfbg / b]zut tyf j:t'ut lgof{t ljljwLs/0f u/L
Jofkf/ 3f6f tLj| b/df Go"gLs/0f ug'{ .
@= ko{6gsf] lbuf] ljsf;, ljk|]if0fsf] s'zn Joj:yfkg / j}b]lzs nufgLsf] jftfj/0f
l;h{gf u/L zf]wgfGt/ artdfkm{t\ ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rltsf] kof{Kttf ;'lglZrt
ug{' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= t'ngfTds / k|lt:kwf{Tds nfe ePsf s[lif, ko{6g, hnljB't\ tyf h8La'6Lh:tf
k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] pkof]u u/L j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] pTkfbg clej[l4 ub}{ j:t'ut / b]zut
ljljwLs/0fdfkm{t\ lgof{tsf] bfo/f km/flsnf] agfpg] .
@= cfk"lt{hGo Ifdtf ;'b[9Ls/0f u/L b]zdf g} pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] / eljZodf lgof{tdf
k|lt:kwL{ x'g;Sg] xfn cfoftLt j:t' tyf ;]jfxsf] :jb]zdf g} pTkfbg
clej[l4dfkm{t\ cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug]{ .
#= k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, ko{6s ;'/Iff tyf ko{6s cfudgdf ;x'lnotdfkm{t\ ko{6g pBf]unfO{
;an agfO{ ljb]zL ljlgod cfh{gsf] e/kbf]{ cfwf/ agfpg] .
$= ljk|]if0f cfk|jfxsf] nfutnfO{ sd u/fO{ cf}krfl/s cfk|jfx a9fpFb} pTkfbgzLn If]qdf
nufgL ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
%= b]zsf] k"jf{wf/nufot hnljB't\, ko{6g, pTkfbgzLn pBf]usf] ljsf;sf nflu ljb]zL
nufgL;DaGwL gLltdf ;d;fdlos kl/dfh{g u/L yk nufgLd}qL agfpg] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= t'ngfTds tyf k|lt:kwf{Tds nfesf j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] pTkfbg a9fpg :jb]zL tyf
ljb]zL nufgL cfslif{t ul/g]5 . -!_
@= bnxg, t]nxg, t/sf/L, kmnkm"n, 5fnfh'Qf, l;d]G6, sk8fh:tf j:t'xsf] cfGtl/s
pTkfbg clej[l4 u/L d'n'ssf] a9\bf] Jofkf/ 3f6f sd ul/g]5 . -@_

;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx | 53


#= lgof{t Jofkf/nfO{ a9fjf lbg d"No clej[l4 ePsf k|zf]lwt tyf tof/L j:t'xsf]
lgof{tdf hf]8 lbFb} Sjf/]G6fOg hfFr k|0ffnLnfO{ ;d]t Jojl:yt ul/g]5 . -@_
$= wfld{s, z}lIfs, :jf:Yo / v]n ko{6g, gofF kbdfu{xsf] ljsf;, kj{tf/f]x0f tyf
b[Zofjnf]sgsf nflu yk ko{6sLo :ynxsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -#_
%= lk5l8Psf If]q tyf cGo If]qdf /x]sf ;Defjgfo'Qm ko{6g:yn;Dd df]6/af6f] / cGo
k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf u/L oL If]qsf] ko{6g ljsf; ul/g]5 . -#_
^= lqe'jg cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:ynsf] :t/f]Gglt, If]qLo ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngdf
/x]sf ljdfg:yn km/flsnf] / cfw'lgs agfO{ xjfO{ ;'/Iff / ljZj;gLotf clej[l4
ul/g]5 . -#_
&= ljk|]if0fnfO{ a}+ls\u dfWodaf6 cfk|jfx ug{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -$_
*= ljk|]if0f cfk|jfxnfO{ pTkfbgzLn If]qdf nufgL a9fpg kl/of]hgfd'vL lwtf]kq hf/L
ul/g]5 . -$_
(= cGt/f{li6o:t/df j}blzs nufgL cfslif{t ug{ u/]sf k|of;x ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ u/L
ljb]zL nufgL gLltnfO{ nufgLd}qL agfpFb} nlug]5 . -%_
!)= s[lifhGo j:t'xsf] k|zf]wg / ahf/Ls/0fdf k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL v'nf ul/g]5 . -%_
!!= lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf If]qdf ljlzi6Ls[t ;+:yf :yfkgf ug{ k|f]T;flxt ub}{ pQm
;]jfsf nflu aflxl/g] /sd Go"g ub}{ nlug]5 . -%_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
Jofkf/ 3f6f qmdzM ;fF3'l/Psf] x'g], ko{6s cfjudg / ko{6g cfodf j[l4 ePsf] x'g],
j}b]lzs nufgL j[l4 ePsf] x'g], cf}krfl/s dfWodaf6 ljk|]if0f cfk|jfxdf yk j[l4 ePsf] x'g,]
zf]wgfGt/ art wgfTds /x]sf] x'g] / ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rlt sDtLdf cf7 dlxgfsf] j:t' tyf
;]jfsf] cfoft wfGg;Sg] :t/df sfod /x]sf] x'g]5 .

#=& lghL If]q


!= k[i7e"ld
lghL If]qdf Jofj;flostf, gjLgtd ;f]r / pBdzLnttfsf] ljsf;af6 o;nfO{ b]zsf]
cfly{s j[l4sf] k|d'v ;+jfxssf] kdf cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ 68\sf/f] cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 .
nufgLd}qL jftfj/0fsf] cefj, k"jf{wf/sf] sdL, c;'/Iff cflbsf] sf/0fn] lghL If]q k5fl8 k/]sf]
cj:yf 5 . lghL If]qsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtfsf] ljsf;af6 l5d]sL d'n'sxsf] cfly{s j[l4 /
pknAw ;DefJotfnfO{ cj;/sf] kdf lnO{ ljZjahf/df kx'Fr / lx:;f j[l4 ug'{ ckl/xfo{ 5 .

54 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
cf}Bf]lus >d ;DaGw ;'dw'/ agfpg', cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff k|Tofe"lt ug{', nufgLsf] jftfj/0f
l;h{gf ug{', gLltut lg/Gt/tf / sfof{Gjogsf] ;'lglZrttf sfod ug{', nufgLsf] If]qLo
c;Gt'ng sd ug{', u}/s[lif If]qdf lghL If]qsf] kl/kSjtf xfl;n ug{', /fhg}lts l:y/tf sfod
ug{' tyf Jofkf/ / nufgLsf] :jR5 / Jofj;flos jftfj/0f sfod ug{' r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf
5g\ .
cj;/
lghL If]q;Fu /x]sf] ;Lk / nufgLsf] >f]t pTkfbgzLn If]qdf nufO{ /f]huf/d"ns pTkfbg /
cfodf j[l4 ug{', ;/sf/lghL If]qsf] ;fem]bf/Laf6 k"jf{wf/sf] If]qdf nufgL a9fpg', cGt/f{li6o
Jofkf/sf] dfqf a9fO{ lgsf;L k|j4{g ug'{ lghL If]qsf] ljsf;sf] cj;/sf] kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
cfly{s ljsf; Pjd\ cfly{s j[l4sf] ;+jfxssf] kdf lghL If]q .
#=@ nIo
d'n'ssf] cfly{s j[l4, /fh:j kl/rfng / pBdzLntf j[l4df of]ubfg ub}{ pTkfbgzLn
/f]huf/L a9fpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= lghL If]qsf] nufgL lj:tf/ u/L yk pTkfbg tyf /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug'{ .
@= lghL If]qsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf ljsf; ug'{ .
#= lghL If]qsf] ljsf; / lghL ;/sf/L ;fem]bf/Lsf] dfWodaf6 cfly{s ljsf;df of]ubfg
ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= pko'Qm gLlt, cfjZos k"jf{wf/ / ;'/Iffdfkm{t\ cf}Bf]lus nufgLd}qL jtfj/0f l;h{gf
u/L lghL If]qsf] nufgL clej[l4 ug]{ .
@= ;fj{hlgslghL ;fem]bf/L gLltsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
#= ;+:yfut ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= cy{tGqsf] Jofj;flos Pjd\ k"jf{wf/ If]qdf lghL If]qsf] pQ/bfloTj / e"ldsf :ki6
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= >d ;'/IffnfO{ Wofg lbO{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff;lxtsf] nlrnf] >d gLlt ckgfOg]5 . -!_

;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx | 55


#= nufgL pTk|]l/t ug{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -!_
$= pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] If]qsf] klxrfg u/L afx|} dlxgf pknAw x'g]u/L ljB't\
cfk"lt{nufotsf cGo ;]jf pknAw u/fOg]5 . -!_
%= lghL If]qsf] nufgL clej[l4 ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L ljQ tyf df}ls gLlt th{'df
ul/g]5 . -!_
^= lghL If]qsf] nufgL clej[l4 ug{ :yfgLo txdf /x]sf ;xsf/L / cGo ljQLo ;]jfsf]
k|efjsf/L kdf kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
&= lghL If]qd}qL gLltxsf] th{'df, kl/dfh{g / sfof{Gjogdf lghL If]qnfO{ cfZj:t /
:yfloTj k|bfg ub}{ nlug]5 . -@_
*= k|fyldstf k|fKt cfly{s / ef}lts k"jf{wf/ If]qsf] ljsf;df lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf
a9fpFb} nlug]5 . -@_
(= lghL If]qn] ;+:yfut ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjcGtu{t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo
tyf ;kmfO, lzIff, jftfj/0f k|j4{g / k|sf]k Joj:yfkgh:tf If]qdf of]ubfg k'ofpg]
jftfj/0f l;h{gf ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
lghL If]qsf] nufgLdfkm{t\ /f]huf/L l;h{gf ePsf] x'g], k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf ljsf; /
pQ/bfloTj clej[l4 eO{ cy{tGqdf lghL If]qsf] e"ldsf a9]sf] x'g]5 .

#=* j}b]lzs nufgL


!= k[i7e"ld
art / nufgLsf] cfjZostfaLrsf] cGt/ k"/f ug{, cfw'lgs k|ljlw, Joj:yfksLo tyf
k|fljlws sf}zn leofO{ pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{', b]zdf g} pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] t/ xfn
cfoft e}/x]sf j:t' tyf ;]jf pTkfbg u/L cfGtl/s dfu k"lt{ ug{ tyf lgof{t lj:tf/ ug{
j}b]lzs nufgLsf] dxjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . xfn;Dd d'n'sn] cfly{s ljsf;df o;sf] oy]i7 kdf
pkof]u ug{ g;s] klg cfufdL lbgdf pBf]u, ;]jf / ko{6gsf If]qdf k|;:t nufgL a9fpg ;Sg]
b]lvG5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
Joj;fo ;~rfng tyf kf/jxg nfutdf s6f}tL ug{', ljB't\sf] lgoldt cfk"lt{ tyf
cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wf/sf] ;xh, e/kbf]{ / kof{Kt Joj:yf ug'{, j}b]lzs nufgLdf Go"gtd /fli6o
;xdlt ljsf; ug{', o'jf knfognfO{ lg?T;flxt ub}{ c4{ bIf tyf bIf hgzlQmsf] kof{Kttf

56 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


;'lglZrt ug{' / >dgLlt tyf sfg'gnfO{ a9L nlrnf] / nufgLd}qL agfpg' k|d'v r'gf}tLsf kdf
/x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
gofF ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog ;'? ePkl5 aGb} uPsf] nufgLsf] jftfj/0f, k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf]
k|r'/tf Pjd\ h}ljs tyf ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf, t'ngfTds kdf Go"g Hofnfb/, g]kfnL ;d'bfosf]
ljb]zdf a9\bf] pkl:ylt / pgLxsf] ;Lk, Ifdtf / cg'ejsf] clwstd kl/rfng ug{;Sg]
;Defjgf, j}b]lzs nufgL, Jofkf/ tyf ljsf; ;xsfo{;DaGwL ax'kIfLo, If]qLo / lkIfLo
;Demf}tfxaf6 cGt/f{li6o ahf/ k|j]zdf kfpg] ;xhtf / l5d]sL d'n'sxdf ePsf] pRr
cfy{s j[l4 Pjd\ a9\bf] dWodjuL{o hg;\Vofaf6 Jofkf/ / nufgLsf If]qdf kmfObf lng
;lsg]h:tf cj;/ /x]sf 5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
j}b]lzs nufgLsf] kl/rfngdfkm{t\ cfTdlge{/, k|lt:kwL{ / ultzLn /fli6o cy{tGq .
#=@ nIo
j}b]lzs nufgLnfO{ t'ngfTds tyf k|lt:kwf{Tds nfe / k|fyldstfsf If]qdf cfslif{t ub}{
pTkfbg j[l4, cfoft Joj:yfkg / lgof{t j[l4, ljljwLs/0f / lj:tf/ u/L Jofkf/ ;Gt'ng sfod
ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= j}b]lzs nufgLaf6 pTkfbg, cfoft k|lt:yfkg / lgof{t Ifdtf a9fO{ Jofkf/ 3f6f sd
ug'{ .
@= j}b]lzs nufgL;Fu} gofF k|ljlw leofpg' / gjk|jt{gsf/L Joj;fo ljsf; ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ljb]zL nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ .
@= nufgL;DaGwL ljz]if ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnot k|bfg Pjd\ s"6gLlts ;+oGq tyf g]kfnL
;d'bfosf] kl/rfng u/L j}b]lzs nufgL cfsif{0f ug]{ .
#= :yfgLo ;|f]t;fwg / ;Lksf] pkof]u / ;Gt'lnt k|fb]lzs ljsf; x'g]u/L k|fyldstfsf
If]qdf j}b]lzs nufgL kl/rfng ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= j}b]lzs nufgL kl/rfng;DaGwL sfg'gL, ;+:yfut / k|s[ofut ;'wf/ ul/g]5 . -!_
@= pmhf{sf] ;xh / lgoldt pknAwtf / cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wf/sf] ;xh / kof{Kt Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -!_

;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx | 57


#= hn;|f]t, pBf]u, ef}lts k"jf{wf/, ko{6gnufotsf j}b]lzs nufgLsf] k|fyldstfsf
If]qdf cfof]hgf a}+s :yfkgf u/L nufgL k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -@_
$= j}b]lzs nufgLnfO{ cfslif{t tyf k|f]T;fxg ug{ cfly{s tyf u}/cfly{s ;x'lnot /
;'ljwfx k|bfg ul/g]5 . -@_
%= g]kfndf a9L nufgL ub}{ cfPsf t/ lkIfLo nufgL k|j4{g tyf ;+/If0f ;Demf}tf /
bf]xf]/f] s/ pGd'lQm;DaGwL ;Demf}tf gePsf d'n'sx;Fu To:tf ;Demf}tfx qmdzM
ul/g]5 . -@_
^= ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnLxnfO{ g]kfndf nufgL ug]{ nufgLstf{ tyf nufgL leofpg]
nufgL b"tsf kdf kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
&= ljb]zL nufgLdf :yfgLo ;|f]t;fwg tyf ;Lksf] clwstd pkof]unfO{ k|fyldstf
lbOg]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
j}b]lzs nufgL tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f, ljz]if cfly{s If]q tyf lgof{t k|j4{g If]q;DaGwL P]g
th{'df / ;+zf]wg ePsf] x'g], ljb]zL nufgL k|j4{gdf s"6gLlts lgof]u tyf ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnL
kl/rfng ePsf] x'g], j}b]lzs nufgLdf pNn]Vo j[l4 ePsf] x'g], yk /f]huf/L l;h{gf ePsf] x'g] /
j}b]lzs Jofkf/ 3f6fdf sdL cfPsf] x'g]5 .

#=( ;xsf/L If]q


!= k[i7e"ld
;/sf/L If]q / lghL If]q k'Ug g;s]sf If]qdf ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodaf6 a9L k|efjsf/L x'g;Sg]
cfly{s;fdflhs If]qdf ;xsf/Lsf] of]ubfg /xG5 . ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ n3'ljQ sf/f]af/;Fu}
pTkfbg, ahf/Ls/0f / ;]jf k|jfxdf ;+nUg u/fO{ pTkfbgd"ns sfo{df ;+nUg u/fpg'kg]{
cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . o;n] 5l/P/ /x]sf >d, ;Lk, k|ljlw / k'FhLnfO{ Pslqt u/L pTkfbg,
pTkfbsTj / /f]huf/L j[l4af6 /fli6o cy{tGqdf of]ubfg lbg ;Sb5 . vf;u/L s[lif If]qdf
;xsf/Ln] u/]sf] of]ubfg k|z+;gLo 5 . ;xsf/L If]qn] yk ;Defljt If]qxdf cfgf] pkl:ylt
gb]vfO;s]sf] x'gfn] o;sf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j4{g cfjZos /x]sf] 5 .
;xsf/L If]qdf #@,^^# ljleGg k|s[ltsf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfx / &) cf]6f lhNnf
;xsf/L ;\3, @%# ljifout ;xsf/L ;\3x, @) cf]6f ljifout s]Gb|Lo ;\3, Ps /fli6o
;xsf/L a}+s / zLif{:y lgsfosf kdf /fli6o ;xsf/L ;\3 lnld6]8 lqmofzLn 5g\ . o; If]qdf
$^ k|ltzt dlxnf;lxt %! Nffv cfd;d'bfo ;+nUg /x]sf tyf z]o/ k'FhL ?= ^# ca{, art ?=
@ va{ @ ca{ / nufgL ?= ! va{ ** ca{ /x]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf] &% cf]6} lhNnfdf ;~hfn lj:tf/
ePsf] o; If]qn] ljkGg ju{, b'u{d If]q, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, blnt, ckf\tf ePsf JolQm,
cNk;\Vos ;a} ju{, If]q / ;d'bfonfO{ ;d]6\g ;kmn ePsf] 5 .

58 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;xsf/L;DaGwL ;do;fk]If P]g lgoddf kl/dfh{g ug]{, pTkfbgzLn If]qdf ;xsf/Lsf]
of]ubfg a9fpg], 7"nf] ;\Vofdf /x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfxdf ljQLo ;'zf;g sfod ug]{, ;xsf/L
;+:yfxdf ljkGg ju{nfO{ ;d]6\g] / art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfxsf] lgodg
ug]{ r'gf}tL /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
;xsfl/tfsf] dfWodaf6 pTkfbg tyf ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] nIo xfl;n ug{ ;xof]u k'ofpg],
;xsf/Ldf ;xefuLxsf] lzIff tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{, ;;fgf artnfO{ kl/rfng u/L k'FhL
lgdf{0fdf of]ubfg k'ofpg], hgtfdf ;fd'bflos tyf ;xof]uL efjgfsf] ljsf; ug]{ /
:yfgLo:t/df ljQLo cGt/;DaGw sfod ug]{ cj;/ /x]sf 5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
:yfgLo ;|f]t, >d, ;Lk / k'FhLsf] clwstd kl/rfngdfkm{t\ cfly{s;fdflhs kfGt/0f .
#=@ nIo
pknAw :yfgLo ;|f]t, >d, ;Lk / k'FhLsf] ;fd"lxs kdf kl/rfng u/L pTkfbgdf u'0fs
k|efj l;h{gf ug]{ / ;fdflhs ;zQmLs/0f ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= ;xsf/Ldf cfwfl/t pTkfbg, pBd / ;]jf Joj;fosf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ u/L d'n'ssf]
lbuf] / ;dtfd"ns cfly{s;fdflhs ljsf;df of]ubfg k'ofpg' .
@= ;xsf/Lsf] l;4fGt / d"Noxsf] k|j4{g ub}{ ;xsf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgsf ljlw / k|lqmofdf
;'wf/ u/L ;'zf;g sfod ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ;xsf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ pTkfbgzLn tyf ;fdflhs Joj;fosf If]qdf lqmofzLn
u/fpg] .
@= ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodaf6 u|fdL0f If]qsf] tyf ljkGg ju{nfO{ cfly{s;fdflhs
;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ .
#= cg'udg tyf lgodgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ ;xsf/L If]qdf ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ s[lif, ko{6g, pBf]u, pmhf{h:tf k|ToIf pTkfbgzLn If]qdf kl/rfng
ul/g]5 . -!_

;dli6ut cfly{s gLltx | 59


@= ;xsf/L ;+:yfxsf] Joj:yfkgdf bIftf clej[l4 ug{ tflndsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_
#= s[lif tyf u|fdL0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfxsf] pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/Ls/0f ug{ ;3fp k'ofpg
ljleGg ahf/ tyf ahf/ ;"rgf s]Gsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
$ ;xsf/Ld}qL s/ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
%= :yfgLo lgsfo, ljsf; ;fem]bf/ / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx ;d]taf6 ;xsf/L If]qdf
ljQLo tyf k|fljlws ;xfotf kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
^= ;xsf/Ldf cfa4 ljkGg dlxnf, ;LdfGts[t ul/a, ckftf ePsf JolQm, e"ldxLg tyf
lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfo / >ldsnfO{ :j/f]huf/d"ns pBf]u tyf Joj;fo :yfkgf ug{
cfjZos kg]{ k'FhL / ;Lkd"ns tflnd pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -@_
&= dlxnf, ul/a, ;LdfGts[t, ckftf ePsf JolQm, e"ldxLg tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ /
>ldssf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg ;xsf/L k4ltsf] Joj;fodf kx'Fr a9fOg]]5 . -@_
*= ;xsf/Ldf cfa4 s[ifsnfO{ ;x'lnot shf{sf] nflu s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yfxsf] :jfldTj
/x]sf] ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+sdfkm{t\ kF'hL kl/rfngdf ;xof]u k'ofOg]5 . -@_
(= o'jfxnfO{ :jb]zd} sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ ;xsf/Ldfkm{t\ /f]huf/L ;[hgf tyf
o'jf :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= ;xsf/L ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/L ljQLo l:yltsf] cg'udg ul/g] Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -#_
!!= ;xsf/Lsf artstf{xsf] artsf] ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ art ;'/If0f -ladf_ sf]
Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= ljQLo cj:yf / sf/f]af/sf] cfsf/sf cfwf/df ;xsf/L ;+:yfxsf] juL{s/0f
ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos sfg'gL Joj:yf, bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlts
of]hgfsf] th{'df Pjd\ pko'Qm ;7g ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -#_
!$= ;x/s]lGt art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfxsf] lgodgsf nflu 5'} ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf
ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;\Vof $) xhf/ k'u]sf] x'g], ;xsf/L ;b:o ;\Vof j[l4 eO{ ^) nfv
k'u]sf] x'g] / Ps kl/jf/ Ps ;xsf/L ;b:o ePsf] x'g]5 . ;fy}, ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] s'n art ?=
# va{ k'u]sf] x'g], ;xsf/L If]qdf tflndk|fKt hgzlQmsf] ;\Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g], art tyf
C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ljZj;gLotf a9]sf] x'g] / ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodaf6 ;DefJo cfly{s If]qdf
nufgL clej[l4 eO{ b]zsf] ;du| cy{ Joj:yfdf 6]jf k'Uf]sf] x'g]5 .

60 | rf}+wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


kl/R5]b M $
If]qut ljsf; gLltx
$=! s[lif, e"ld;'wf/ tyf jg
$=!=! s[lif
!= k[i7e"ld
b]zsf] sl/a b'O{ltxfO hg;\Vof /f]huf/L tyf hLljsfsf] nflu s[lif If]qdf lge{/ /x]sf] eP
tfklg s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf s[lif If]qsf] of]ubfg Ps ltxfOdfq /x]sf] 5 . ;fgf ls;fgxsf]
a9L ;+nUgtf /x]sf] / lgjf{xd'vL s[lif k|0ffnLaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] tyf s[lifdf Jofks kdf
Jofj;foLs/0f Pjd\ ljljwLs/0f x'g g;s]sf]n] o;df ;+nUg >ldsxsf] pTkfbsTj lgs} sd
/x]sf] 5 . @)&@ ;fn j}zfvsf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDkn] s[lif If]qdf 7"nf] Iflt kf/]sf] 5 . sltko
:yfgdf ;'Vvfv8]/Ln] vfBfGg pTkfbgdf k|lts"n k|efj k/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn]
vfB;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ df}lns xssf kdf k|Tofe"t u/]sf] ;Gbe{df k|fs[lts tyf cGo
;\s6sf sf/0f pTkGg x'g;Sg] vfB ;\s6sf] cj:yf;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ pTkfbgdf
cfTdlge{/tfsf nflu cfjZos Joj:yf ug'{k/]sf] 5 .
b]zsf] ef}uf]lns kl/j]z, pknAw s[lif lzIff, cg';Gwfg, pGgt aLplahg / k|ljlw, ;|f]t
;fwg, s[lif pBdL, o'jf tyf ;LdfGt s[ifs ju{sf] rfxgf, t'ngfTds nfe / /fli6o cfjZostf
tyf g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6o:t/df u/]sf ;lGw, ;Demf}tf, k|lta4tf, lbuf] ljsf; nIo, /fli6o
gLltxdf u/]sf k|lta4tfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} s[lifhGo pTkfbg Pjd\ Jofkf/df k|lt:kwf{,
Jofj;foLs/0f, oflGqsLs/0f / ljljwLs/0f u/L s[lif If]qsf] kfGt/0f ug'{ klg TolQs} h?/L 5 .
;fy}, ;/sf/L, ;xsf/L / lghL ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff c\uLsf/ ub}{ s[lif k]zfnfO{ ;Ddfghgs
agfO{ cfo tyf /f]huf/L l;h{gf, ul/aL Go"gLs/0f, Jofkf/ ;Gt'ng, lbuf] / ;Gt'lnt ljsf;, vfB
tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iffdf hf]8 lbg' cfjZos 5 .
a9\bf] hg;\Vofsf] vfB tyf cGo cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"/f ug{ s[lif pTkfbg /
pTkfbsTj a9fpg'kg]{ l:yltljk/Lt g]kfndf x/]s jif{ s[lifhGo j:t'xsf] cfoft a9\bf] 5 .
j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf nflu o'jf hgzlQmsf] knfog, s[lif ;fdu|L cfk"lt{sf] b"x l:ylt, df6f]sf]
pTkfbsTjdf x|f;, s[lifdf oflGqsLs/0fsf] cefj, s[ifsxsf] a9\bf] nfut, cfoftLt
;fdu|Lx;Fusf] k|lt:kwf{, s[life"ldsf] cTolws v08Ls/0f / e"pkof]u kl/jt{g, hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf sf/0f df};dL km]/abnnufotsf sf/0fn] k/Dk/fut s[lif k|0ffnL c;kmntfpGd'v
/x]sfn] cfufdL ;dosf nflu Jofj;flos s[lifsf] k|efjsf/L of]hgf;lxt sfo{qmdxsf]
kl/0ffdd'vL sfof{Gjogsf] 68\sf/f] cfjZostf 5 .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 61


@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] k|Tofe"t u/]cg';f/ vfB;'/Iffsf] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf kdf :yflkt
u/fpg', clwsf+z s[ifsx ;fgf / demf}nf:t/sf ePsf] x'Fbf hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ljleGg k|fs[lts
k|sf]k;Fu h'Wg] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{' / jif]{gL o'jf hgzlQmsf] ljb]z knfogn] ubf{ s[lif If]qdf k/]sf]
gsf/fTds c;/nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{'sf ;fy} ;x/Ls/0f, hUufsf] v08Ls/0f, 38]/Ls/0f, bf]xf]/f] e"
:jfldTjsf] l:ylt / hUuf afFemf] /fVg] k|j[lQnfO{ lgT;flxt ub}{ s[lif e"ldnfO{ pkof]udf
Nofpg'kg]{ r'gf}tL 5 . To:t} s[lif If]qdf ePsf] Go"g nufgL, s[lif C0fsf] ;xh pknAwtf, s[lif
k|;f/ ;]jfdf s[ifsxsf] kx'Frdf j[l4 / s[lifhGo j:t'xsf] pTkfbg, ljt/0f, cfoft Pjd\
lgof{tnfO{ nfutk|efjL agfpg', u'0f:t/ Pjd\ :jR5tf lgodg sfo{ k|efjsf/L t'NofpFb}
s[lifhGo j:t'xsf] k|lt:wf{Tds Ifdtf j[l4 ug'{, u'0f:t/Lo k|dfl0ft aLp, dnvfb, sL6gfzs
tyf ;fgf / demf}nf:t/sf s[lifoGqsf] ;'netf, s[lif ;fdu|Lsf] ;dofg's"n cfk"lt{ a9fpg' / s[lif
k]zfnfO{ k|lt:kwL{, gfkmfd"ns, ;Ddfghgs / Jofj;flos kdf :yflkt ug'{ klg r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 .
cj;/
b]zsf] ef}uf]lns tyf h}ljs ljljwtfn] pknAw u/fPsf ljleGg ;DefJotfx, s[lif
ljsf;sf] :ki6 dfu{bz{gsf kdf /x]sf] s[lif ljsf; /0fgLlt, @)&@ sfof{Gjog x'g', ljb]lzPsf
o'jfx ;Lk, 1fg, k'FhL / pGgt k|ljlw;lxt s[lif If]qdf cfslif{t x'Fb} hfg', s[lifjgk|lt
ls;fgxsf] cfsif{0f a9\g', ljZj Jofkf/sf] kx'Fr / 7"nf ;+:yfut / cGo lghL If]qx;d]tsf]
o; If]qdf cfsif{0f a9\b} hfg' s[lif If]qsf cj;/ x'g\ . kl5Nnf jif{xdf s[lif C0f, s[lif ladf,
gofF k|ljlwxsf] pkof]u / l;FrfO ;'ljwfdf x'Fb} u/]sf] lj:tf/n] ;d]t o; If]qdf yk cj;/x
l;h{gf x'Fb}5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo,
nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
b]zdf vfB ;Dk|e'tf / vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt .
#=@ nIo
lbuf] / Jofj;flos s[lif ljsf;f/f s[lif If]qnfO{ k|lt:kwL{ / cfTdlge{/ pGd'v agfpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= s[lif pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4 u/L s[lif pkhdf cfTdlge{/ pGd'v x'g' .
@= lgjf{xd'vL s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ gfkmfd"ns, lbuf] Pjd\ Jofj;flos s[lif k|0ffnLdf
kfGt/0f ug'{ .
#= s[lif If]qsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf j[l4 u/L /fli6o cy{tGqdf 6]jf k'ofpg' .

62 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#=$ /0fgLlt
!= s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbsTj / k|lt:kwL{ Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ .
@= t'ngfTds nfe x'g;Sg] cfwf/e"t vfB j:t'sf] pTkfbgdf cfTdlge{/tf xfl;n ug]{ .
#= s[lif If]qsf] cltl/Qm >dzlQmnfO{ s[lif tyf u}/s[lifdf cfwfl/t ;]jf / pBf]u If]qtkm{
cfslif{t u/L o; If]qdflysf] lge{/tf sd ug]{ .
$= hnjfo' kl/jt{g / k|sf]kaf6 kg]{ gsf/fTds c;/ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ jftfj/0fd}qL s[lif
k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= u|fdL0f If]qdf s[lif j:t' pTkfbg clej[l4 ug{ s[lifhGo j:t'xsf] Jofj;flos pTkfbg
If]qdf pko'Qm / lbuf] l;FrfO ;'ljwfnufotsf cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf] kx'Fr a9fOg]5 . -!_
@= u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbg ;fdu|Lx / s[lifsf] oflGqsLs/0ff/f s[ifsd}qL cf}hf/, pGgt
k|ljlw Pjd\ ;'ne s[lif shf{sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_
#= lbuf] s[lif ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos gLlt, P]g / lgodxsf] th{'df Pjd\ ;+zf]wg u/L
k|efjsf/L kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . lgof{tof]Uo afnL j:t'xsf] pTkfbg tyf
k|zf]wg clej[l4 u/L cGt/f{li6o ahf/df k|ltkwL{ agfOg]5 . -!_
$= s[lif lzIff / cg';Gwfgaf6 ljsf; ePsf k|ljlwxsf] lj:tf/sf nflu s[lif If]qdf
sfo{/t ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxaLr cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo / ;xsfo{
ub}{ sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ glthf pGd'v agfOg]5 . -!_
%= v]tLof]Uo hUufnfO{ afFemf] /fVg] k|j[lQ lg?T;flxt ub}{ vfln/x]sf s[lif e"ldsf] lbuf]
pkof]usf nflu of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -!_
^ vfB tyf cGo s[lif pTkfbgdf cfTdlge{/tfsf nflu pTkfbgsf ks]6, ljz]if lhNnf /
ljz]ifLs[t lhNnfsf] kdf ;3g v]tL cl3 a9fOg]5 . -@_
&= s[lif pkh pTkfbg, k|zf]wg, e08f/0f Pjd\ ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf gofF k|ljlwsf] ljsf;,
cg'z/0f, cjnDag / cfw'lgsLs/0f ul/g]5 . -@_
*= lghL tyf ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;+nUgtf a9fpFb} s/f/ tyf ;xsf/L v]tLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
(= vfBfGg pTkfbg Go"g x'g] tyf vfBkf]if0f c;'/lIft If]qdf :yfgLo:t/d} pTkfbg ug{
;lsg] s[lifhGo pTkfbg k|j{4g tyf pkof]udf hf]8 lbO{ ;'/lIft vfgkfg / kf}li6s
tj ;|f]t tyf pkof]uaf/] hgr]tgfTds sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= s[lifdf cfwfl/t pBf]ux, ;]jf tyf u|fdL0f s[lif ko{6gsf] ljsf;df o'jf tyf s[ifs
pBdLxnfO{ cfslif{t ul/g]5 . -#_
!!= s[lifhGo pBf]usf nflu cfjZos u'0f:t/Lo sRrf kbfy{xsf] kof{Kt pTkfbg
ul/g]5 . -#_

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 63


!@= k|ffl/s v]tLsf ;Defljt j:t' / If]qxsf] klxrfg u/L k|ffl/s pTkfbgsf] a|fG8
k|j4{g ub}{ ahf/Ls/0f ul/g]5 . -$_
!#= nf]kf]Gd'v aLpaLhg / afnLhGo h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fdf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf]
cu|;/tfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg k|bfg ug{'sf ;fy} pgLxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ub}{ cfjZos
k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -$_
!$= s[lifhGo h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g tyf ;b'kof]u ub}{ df6f] ;'xfpFbf] Pjd\
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/ Go"gLs/0f ug{ cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t jftfj/0fd}qL s[lif
k|ljlwsf] ljsf; Pjd\ lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -$_
!%= hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ s[lifdf cg's"ng ub}{ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g tyf
pkof]udf j[l4 ul/g]5 . -$_
!^= s[lif pkhsf] clwstd pTkfbg Pjd\ pTkfbsTj j[l4sf nflu :yfgLo ;fwg ;|f]t /
h}ljs k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ul/g]5 . -$_
!&= s[lif pkhsf] :jR5tf / u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg ljljw sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L cfoft
k|lt:yfkg / lgof{t k|j4{gdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
;\3Lo ;+/rgfcg';f/ ljBdfg P]g lgodfjnLdf ;d;fdlos kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] x'g]5 .
vfB j:t' pknAwtf ;DaGwdf vfBfGg !) nfv d]=6g, bnxg rf/ nfv d]=6g, t/sf/L #^ nfv
%) xhf/ d]=6g, kmnkm"n !@ nfv d]=6g, df5f pTkfbg &) xhf/ d]=6g -cfwf/ jif{ @)&@&#_
af6 of]hgf cjlwsf] clGtd jif{ @)&%&^ df qmdzM !) nfv &) xhf/ d]=6g, $ nfv &%
xhf/ d]=6g, #( nfv d]=6g, !@ nfv #) xhf/ d]=6g / *% xhf/ d]=6g k'u]sf] x'g]5 . ;fy},
ef}uf]lns cj:yf ;'xfpFbf] s[lif oflGqsLs/0f tyf s[lif k|ljlwsf] ljsf;, k|;f/ / cg'z/0f ePsf]
x'g], s[lifhGo pBf]usf nflu cfjZos sRrfkbfy{ pTkfbgdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g], s[lif j:t'xsf]
e08f/0f Ifdtf, ;\sng s]Gxnufot ahf/ k"jf{wf/ j[l4 ePsf] x'g] / :yfgLo:t/df s[lif
If]qdf hnjfo' cg's"ng sfo{qmdx sfof{Gjog ePsf x'g]5g\ .

$=!=@ kz'kG5L
!= k[i7e"ld
kz'kfng If]qn] b]zsf] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf sl/a !! k|ltzt / s'n s[lif ufx{:Yo
pTkfbgdf @^=* k|ltzt of]ubfg ub}{ cfPsf] ;Gbe{df kz'kG5L If]qsf] ljz]if cfly{s dxj 5 .
/fli6o ;d:ofsf] kdf b]lvPsf] dft[ tyf afnjflnsf s'kf]if0fsf] ;d:of Go"gLs/0fdf b"w, cG8f
/ df;'n] dxjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 . ljsf;zLn b]zxdf xfnsf] t'ngfdf ;g\ @)@)
;Dd kz'hGo k|f]l6gsf] dfu bf]Aa/n] j[l4 x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 eg] kz'hGo kbfy{sf]
pknAwtfdf cfTdlge{/ aGg kz'kfng If]qnfO{ pRr k|fyldstfdf /fvL pNn]vgLo k|ult xfl;n

64 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


ug{sf nflu pGgt gZn, kz' cfxf/, kz' :jf:Yo / Jofj;foLs/0fsf If]qdf yk cg';Gwfg /
ljsf; ug{ cfjZos 5 . g]kfn ljZj Jofkf/ ;\u7g tyf ljZj kz' :jf:Yo ;\u7gsf] ;b:o
/fi6 ePkZrft\ To:tf] /fi6sf x}l;otn] kz' ljsf; If]qdf k"/f ug{'kg]{ bfloTj lgjf{x ug{
ljsf;sf ljleGg ;fem]bf/x;Fu ;dGjo ub}{ kz'kG5L ljsf;sf sfo{x ug'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
b]zdf xfn k|ltjif{ b"w !& nfv #$ xhf/ d]l6s 6g, df;' tLg nfv tLg xhf/ d]l6s 6g
/ cG8f () s/f]8cf]6f pTkfbg eO{ k|ltJolQm k|ltjif{ b"w, df;' / cG8fsf] pknAwtf qmdzM ^$
ln6/, !! lsnf]u|fd / #@ cf]6f /x]sf] 5 . ljsl;t d'n'sx ;/x Go"gtd kz'hGo kbfy{xsf]
pkef]u k|ltJolQm k|ltjif{ b"w (! ln6/, df;' !$ lsnf]u|fd / c08f $* cf]6f k|fKt ug{ jt{dfg
b"w pTkfbgdf #% k|ltzt, df;' pTkfbgdf @% k|ltzt / c08f pTkfbgdf $% k|ltztn] j[l4
ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;fy}, b"w, df;[' / c08fdf of]hgf cjlwleq} cfTdlge{/ klg x'g'kg]{5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
dfudf cfwfl/t cg';Gwfgaf6 k|ljlwx ljsf; u/L k|;f/ sfo{qmddfkm{t\ s[ifssf] ynf]df
k'ofpg', s[ifs ;d"x;ldltsf] ;\Vofdf j[l4 ePcg'k ;+:yfut ljsf;, Jofj;flos bIftf,
;|f]t kl/rfng / sf/f]af/ cflbdf u'0ffTds ljsf; ub}{ n}hfg', r/g tyf vs{ If]qsf] ljsf; u/L
pkof]u;DaGwL pko'Qm gLlt sfo{Gjogdf Nofpg', s[lif tyf kz' ljsf; sfo{qmdx sfof{Gjogdf
ljleGg ;]jfu|fxLxaLr ;dGjo sfod ug'{, k|ljlwsf] ljsf;, cg';Gwfg / ahf/ k"jf{wf/ Pjd\
ahf/ ;+/rgf ljsf;df lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg', :yfgLo:t/df u'0f:t/Lo kz'hGo
pTkfbg / pkef]uk|lt hgr]tgf j[l4 ug'{ / kz' ;]jfdf ;+nUg k|fljlwsxnfO{ pko'Qm jftfj/0f
tof/ u/L :jb]zd} sfd ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{ o; If]qsf r'gf}tL /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
kz'kG5L;DaGwL 5'} dGqfno :yfkgf eO{ o; If]qdf ljz]if Wofg k'Ug] l:ylt l;h{gf x'g',
/fli6o:t/df kz';]jf k|;f/ ;+oGq / pRrsf]6Lsf k|lzlIft hgzlQmaf6 kz' ljsf;sf] Jofks
;Defjgf x'g', ljZjsf] ljleGg ;\3;+:yfxl;t ;';DaGw x'g', kz'kG5L ljsf; If]qdf lghL
If]qsf] a9\bf] cfsif{0f x'g', s[ifs tyf ;j{;fw/0f kz'kG5L ljsf; ultljlwk|lt hfus x'g' /
k|f]l6ghGo j:t'sf] dfu a9\b} hfg' o; If]qsf cj;/ x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, pb]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
cfTdlge{/ / kf]if0f ;'[/Iff;lxtsf] vfB ;Dk|e' d'n's .
#=@ nIo
u'0f:t/Lo kz'kG5LhGo pTkfbgsf dfWodn] d'n'snfO{ vfB tyf kf]if0fdf cfTdlge{/
agfpg] .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 65


#=# p2]Zo
!= d'n'snfO{ kz'kG5LhGo pTkfbgdf cfTdlge{/ agfO{ s'kf]if0f x6fpg' / vfB tyf kf]if0f
;'/Iffdf 6]jf k'ofpg' .
@= kz'kG5L kfngnfO{ pTkfbs, Jofj;flos / k|lt:kwL{ agfO{ kz'kG5LhGo kbfy{sf]
cfoft 36fpFb} lgof{t k|j4{g ug{' .
#= kz'kG5L kfngnfO{ dlxnf tyf o'jf nlIft :j/f]huf/sf] kdf ljsl;t ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= kz'kG5L pTkfbs s[ifs, ;d'bfo, ;xsf/L ;+:yf Pjd\ pBdLxnfO{ :yfgLo txaf6}
PsLs[t kdf k|fljlws, ljQLo tyf cGo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] .
@= k/Dk/fut Pjd\ lgjf{xd'vL kz'kG5L kfngnfO{ Jofj;foLs/0f ub}{ o; If]qdf
cfTdlge{/ x'g] .
#= kz'kG5L kfngnfO{ dlxnf tyf o'jf :j/f]huf/sf] dfWod agfO{ pgLxnfO{ kz'hGo
kbfy{sf] pTkfbg, k|zf]wg, Joj:yfkg, ahf/Ls/0fdf nfUg k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
$= sfo{gLlt
!= e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfxdf kz'wg Iflt ePsf s[ifs kl/jf/xn] Psn jf ;d'bfodf
cfwfl/t eO{ kz'kGIfL kfng u/L hLljsf]kfh{g ug{ rfx]df lglZrt dfkb08sf
cfwf/df ufO{, afv|f, s'v'/f / a\u'/ kfngsf nflu cg'bfg pknAw u/fOg]5 . -!_
@= g]kfnnfO{ c08f, df;' / b"wdf qmdzM Ps, b'O{ / tLg jif{leq cfTdlge{/ agfpg
ljz]if sfo{qmd NofOg]5 . pTkfbg / pknAwtf;d]tsf cfwf/df k|b]zxnfO{ klg
qmdzM kz'hGo kbfy{df cfTdlge{/ If]q 3f]if0ff ul/g]5 . -@_
#= ljleGg If]qdf x'+Fb} cfPsf] ldNs xf]ln8] -b"w laqmL gx'g] cj:yf_ nfO{ cGTo ug{ s[ifs
;d'bfo jf ;xsf/Laf6 pTkflbt b"wnfO{ plrt d"Nodf vl/b u/L k|zf]wg ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfOg]5 . -@_
$= b"wsf] dfu / cfk"lt{ cWoog u/L pTkfbgsf] cfsng / k|If]k0fsf cfwf/df b'Uw
k|zf]wg pTkfbgdf ljljwLs/0f / ahf/Ls/0fnfO{ ;dofg's"n / ls;fgd}qL agfpg
of]hgfsf] k|yd jif{df bzjif]{ /fli6o b'Uw ljsf; of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf
NofOg]5 . -@_
%= /fli6o b'Uw ljsf; af]8{nfO{ gLlt lgdf{0f, ;d:of / ;DefJotfsf] klxrfg /
Jofj;flos of]hgf lgdf{0f / gd'gf pTkfbg k|bz{g ug]{ lgsfosf] kdf ljsf;
ul/g]5 . -@_
^= kz'kG5Lsf] gZn;'wf/ MpTkfbsTj j[l4sf] cfwf/ ePsf]n] ufO{, e}F;L / afv|fsf] s[lqd
uef{wfg sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -@_

66 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


&= kz'kG5Lkfng / u'0f:t/Lo kz'hGo kbfy{sf] pTkfbg, cfGtl/s dfusf] cfk"lt{ tyf
lgof{t k|j4{g ug{df afws b]lvPsf vf]/]t, lk=lk=cf/, /]lah, a8{n'h:tf /f]usf]
/f]syfdsf nflu :jb]zd} EoflS;g pTkfbg, e08f/0f, ljt/0f / k|of]usf If]qdf yk
nufgL u/L kz' :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ ul/g]5 . -@_
*= kz'kG5Lkfng Joj;fonfO{ nfut k|efjsf/L, gfkmfd"ns / k|lt:kwL{ agfpg :yfg
ljz]ifsf nflu pko'Qm oflGqsLs/0f ug{ ;x'lnotk"0f{ shf{nufot cGo ;x'lnot k|bfg
ul/g]5 . -@_
(= kz' :jf:y ;]jfnfO{ cTofjZos ;]jfsf] kdf ;"rLs[t u/L s[ifs cyjf Joj;foLsf]
cfjZostfcg';f/ O{dh]{G;L /]:kf]G; 6f]nL v6fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpFb} nlug]5 . -#_
!)= kz'kG5L ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ub}{ o; If]qnfO{ jftfj/0fd}qL / hnjfo' cg's"n agfpFb}
nlug]5 . -#_
!!= kz'kG5Lkfng, bfgf, :jf:Yo pkrf/ / ahf/ ;"rgf k|0ffnL;lxtsf df]afOn PK; tof/
u/L k|of]udf NofOg]5 . -#_
!@= ;fgf kz'kG5Lkfns, s[ifs, sdn/L, d'Qmsd}of, xlnof tyf e"ldxLg ls;fgnfO{
kz'kG5Lkfngdf k|]l/t u/L cfTdlge{/ x'g] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g] / ;fgf ls;fg
tyf pdLnfO{ kz';]jf s]G / lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{noaf6 Psf/ k|0ffnLdfkm{t\ ;'ne
C0f tyf kz' ladfsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= b'Uw ;xsf/L tyf kz'kG5Lkfng / ahf/Ls/0fdf ;+nUg s[ifs ;xsf/Lxsf] ;+:yfut
Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L ;'b[9Ls/0f ul/g]5 / ;xsf/Lxsf] e"ldsfnfO{ pTkfbgsf cltl/Qm
k|zf]wg / ahf/Ls/0fdf ;d]t ;Ifd agfOg]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
of]hgf cjlwsf] cGtdf b"wsf] pTkfbg xfnsf] jflif{s !* nfv d]=6gaf6 @) nfv % xhf/
d]=6g, df;'sf] pTkfbg jflif{s # nfv !# xhf/ d]=6gaf6 # nfv %( xhf/ d]=6g / c08fsf]
pTkfbg jflif{s (& s/f]8af6 !@@ s/f]8 k'u]sf] x'g]5 . b"w, df;' / c08fsf] pTkfbgdf d'n's
cfTdlge{/ ePsf] x'g]5 .

$=!=# l;rfO
!= k[i7e"ld
;Lldt If]q / a9\bf] hg;\Vofsf sf/0f s[lif pTkfbsTj a9fpg l;FrfOsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf x'g'
ckl/xfo{ ePsf]n] l;FrfO k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;sf] ;fy} ;DkGg l;FrfO k|0ffnLxsf] Joj:yfkg ;'b[9
Pjd\ k|efjsf/L agfpg of]hgfa4 9\uaf6 ;/sf/ k|of;/t /x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf sl/a @^ nfv
x]S6/ s[lifof]Uo hldg ePsf] cg'dfg 5 . k/Dk/fut k|ljlw / cfly{s b[li6sf]0faf6 pQm If]qdWo]
sl/a !* nfv x]S6/df dfq ;tx / e"ldut hn>f]taf6 l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'ofpg ;lsg] cj:yf

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 67


/x]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)&@&# sf] cGTo;Dddf !# nfv (^ xhf/ x]S6/df l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'Ug]
cg'dfg 5 . o;cg';f/ cem} klg sl/a rf/ nfv x]S6/ s[lifof]Uo hdLgdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf
k'ofpg afFsL /x]sf]] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
g]kfnsf] ;Dk"0f{ s[lifof]Uo e"lddf pko'Qm k|ljlwsf] 5gf]6 u/L e/kbf]{ jif}{el/ l;FrfO ;'ljwf
pknAw u/fpg] l;FrfO k|0ffnL lgdf{0f ug{', lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf k|0ffnLxsf] dd{t;Def/sf
nflu k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg ug{', afx|} dlxgf l;FrfO ;]jf pknAw u/fpgsf nflu ;fgf / demf}nf
vfnsf gbLxsf] hn tyf e"ldut hn pkof]u ug{ bL3{sfnLg kdf 7"nf gbLxsf]
hn:yfgfGt/0ff/f hnfzoo'Qm of]hgf lgdf{0f ug'{, l;FrfO ;'ljwf pknAw ePsf / x'g] hldg
s[lifsf nflu ;'/lIft /fVg', hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 l;lh{t c;/sf sf/0f kfgLsf] pknAwtfdf
cfPsf] hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ug'{ l;FrfO If]qsf r'gf}tL x'g\ .
cj;/
;tx / e"ldut hn;|f]tsf] 7"nf] e08f/ pknAw x'g', l;FrfO ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu
pko'Qm k|ljlw / hgzlQm :jb]zd} pknAw x'g', l;FrfO ljsf; / Joj:yfkgdf s[ifs pkef]Qmfsf]
kx'Fr a9\b} hfg', gofF ;\u7gfTds kl/jt{gaf6 ;a} lhNnfdf l;FrfO sfof{nosf] :yfkgf eO{ ;]jf
k|jfxdf ;'wf/ x'g', s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fO{ s[lif pkhdf cfTdlge{/ agfpg
l;FrfOsf] e/kbf]{ / lbuf] Joj:yf ug}{kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf x'g' o; If]qsf cj;/sf kdf /x]sf
5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;Dk"0f{ s[lifof]Uo e"lddf afx}| dlxgf l;FrfO ;'ljwf .
#=@ nIo
s[lifof]Uo e"lddf e/kbf]{ / lbuf] l;FrfO ;]jfdfkm{t\ s[lif pTkfbsTj tyf pTkfbg j[l4df
;xof]u ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= l;l~rt If]q j[l4 ug{'sf ;fy} hn;|f]tsf] ax'p2]zLo pkof]udf hf]8 lbg' .
@= ljsl;t l;FrfO k|0ffnLdf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0f u/L lbuf]kg a9fpg' .
#= l;FrfOsf] cfjZostf ePsf] :yfg / ;dodf lgjf{w kdf kfgLsf] pknAwtf a9fpg' .

68 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#=$ /0fgLlt
!= afx|} dlxgf l;FrfO ;]jf pknAw u/fpgsf nflu ;tx l;FrfO, ax'p2]ZoLo,
cGt/hnfwf/ / hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgf / e"ldut l;FrfO cfof]hgfxnfO{ cl3
a9fpg] .
@= pRr Ifdtfdf rnfpg k|fljlws Pjd\ cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm Pjd\ gofF k|ljlwdf
cfwfl/t l;FrfOsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
#= lgdf{0f ;DkGg e};s]sf l;FrfO k|0ffnLxsf] dd{t ;Def/ Pjd\ lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf
nflu pkef]Qmfxsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
$= l;FrfO ljsf;sf] u'?of]hgf / s[lif ljsf; /0fgLltsf nIoxsf] kl/k"lt{ / hnjfo'
kl/jt{g cg's"ng x'g]u/L l;FrfO k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; Pjd\ lj:tf/ ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= afx|} dlxgf l;FrfO ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg k|fljlws, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf
jftfj/0fLo kIfaf6 ;DefJo demf}nf, 7"nf ;tx l;FrfO Pjd\ cGt/hnfwf/ /
hnfzoo'Qm ax'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgfsf sfo{qmdx k|fyldstfsf ;fy sfof{Gjog
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= e"ldut l;FrfO ;DefJo ePsf :yfgxdf :ofnf] tyf l8k 6\o'aj]nsf sfo{qmdx
k|fyldstfsf ;fy sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 / ;tx l;FrfOaf6 jif}{el/ l;FrfO x'gg;Sg]
If]qdf e"ldut l;FrfOsf] pkof]u ul/g]5 . -!_
#= lgdf{0ffwLg ax'pb]ZoLo 8fO{e;{g cfof]hgfnfO{ ;dodf ;DkGg ug{ / cGo
k|fyldstfdf k/]sf cfof]hgfxsf] lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog ;DkGg u/L ;Dej
b]lvPsf cfof]hgfx sfof{Gjogdf nlug]5 . -!_
$= kxf8L e"efudf cjl:yt 6f/xdf Jofj;flos s[lifnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{sf nflu ;f}o{
pmhf{ Pjd\ cGo k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t ln6 l;FrfO k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;nfO{ hf]8
lbOg]5 . -@_
%= cfsfz] kfgL ;\sng, e08f/0f tyf k|efjsf/L pkof]u k|ljlwsf] lj:tf/ ub}{ ;LdfGt
s[life"ld, r/g If]q Pjd\ kfgLsf] Go"g >f]t ePsf If]qxdf yf]kf, kmf]xf]/fh:tf
k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ul/g]5 . -@_
^= hn;|f]tsf] cefj ePsf / ;'Vvf v8]/Lsf] k|sf]k a9L x'g] :yfgdf cfsfz] kfgL
;\sngnufot v'nf / Knfli6s kf]v/L Joj:yfkgsf ;fy} t/fO{dw]zdf /x]sf
tfntn}ofsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f u/L pko'Qm l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'ofOg]5 . -@_
&= l;FrfO k|0ffnLsf] bIftfk"0f{ pkof]u Pjd\ hg;xeflutfd"ns Joj:yfkgdf hf]8 lb+b}
l;FrfO k|0ffnLsf] ;Dk"0f{ sdf08 If]qdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'ofOg]5 . -#_

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 69


*= l;FrfO k|0ffnLxsf] dd{t;Def/ Pjd\ k'g:yf{kgsf nflu cfjZos cfly{s ;|f]t
kl/rfng ug{ l;FrfO ljsf; sf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -#_
(= ;fgf tyf demf}nf l;FrfO k|0ffnLxdf s[ifs pkef]Qmfsf] PsLs[t cfly{s ljsf;sf
nflu l;FrfO ;xsf/Lsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . To;}u/L 7"nf tyf a[xt\
l;FrfO k|0ffnLxdf :jzfl;t l;FrfO Joj:yfkg ;ldltdfkm{t\ l;FrfO k|0ffnLsf]
Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . -$_
!)= s[lif ljsf; /0fgLltsf nIox k"/f ug]{ p2]Zon] ;tx l;FrfOsf] lgdf{0f, k'g:yf{kgf,
e"ldut l;FrfOsf] ljsf;, k'g:yf{kgf Pjd\ cfw'lgsLs/0f cflb sfo{qmdx ;~rfng
u/L l;FrfO ;]jf k'ofOg]5 . -$_
!!= g]kfnsf] clwsf+z s[lifof]Uo e"lddf afx|} dlxgf l;FrfO ;]jfsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{u/L
gofF l;FrfO u'?of]hgf tof/ u/L nfu" ul/g]5 . -$_
!@= l;FrfO of]hgfxsf] 5gf]6 Pjd\ sfof{Gjog ;dGoflos 9\un] ;LdfGts[t ju{nfO{
k|ToIf nfe k'Ug]u/L ul/g]5 . -$_
!#= l;FrfOdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 x'g;Sg] k|efjsf] cWoog u/L ;f]xLcg'k k|0ffnLxsf]
l8hfOg Pjd\ ;~rfngdf cfjZos ;'wf/ ub}{ nlug]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
;tx, e"ldut tyf cGt/hnfwf/ of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjgaf6 rf}wf}F of]hgfsf] cGtdf ;tx
l;FrfOtkm{ @%,))) x]S6/, e"ldut l;FrfOtkm{ %(,))) x]S6/ tyf gofF k|ljlw l;FrfOtkm{ @,)))
x]S6/ u/L hDdf *^,))) x]S6/ hldgdf yk l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'u]sf] x'g] / l;FrfO cfof]hgfxdf
;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf / hnjfo' cg's"ng ;'lglZrt ePsf] x'g]5 .

$=!=$ e"ld;'wf/
!= k[i7e"ld
/fi6sf] ;fdflhs cfly{s kfGt/0f Pjd\ ;jf{L0f ljsf;sf nflu ul/g] ;a} lsl;dsf
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf sfo{xdf k|ToIf kdf e"ld jf e"ld>f]tsf] kl/rfng x'g] ePsf]n] e"ld
tyf e"ld>f]tsf] ;b'kof]u u/L lbuf] kdf Joj:yfkg ug{ cfjZos 5 . kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df ;du|
e"ldsf] ;b'kof]u u/L lbuf] Joj:yfkg tyf ;'zf;g sfod ug{ h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .
e"lddf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;flgWotfsf] ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L e"lddf ;a}sf]
Goflos kx'Fr :yflkt ug{, ;fdflhs cfly{s sf/0fn] k5fl8 k/]sf ju{sf] e"lddf kx'Fr a9fpg /
e":jfldTjsf] ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ ug'{sf ;fy} j}1flgs e"ldgLlt th{'df u/L
nfu" ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . o;}u/L e"ld tyf e"ld>f]tsf] ;b'kof]u u/L lbuf] kdf
Joj:yfkg ug{ kl/dflh{t e"pkof]u gLlt, @)&@ cg'k e"ldsf] juL{s/0f u/L ;b'kof]u ug{
e"pkof]u;DaGwL sfg'g th{'df u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . ljgfzsf/L e"sDkaf6

70 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


lgoGq0f laGb'xsf] /fli6o ;Ghfndf k'ofPsf] Ifltn] ubf{ gfkgS;fsf] z'4tfdf uDeL/ c;/
k/]sf] x'Fbf o:fsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu gfkgS;fsf] k"jf{wf/ v8f ug{' cTofjZos 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ sfof{Gjog u/L s[ifssf] e"lddflysf] kx'Fr clej[l4 ug'{, ;'s'Daf;L
;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{, e"pkof]u gLlt sfof{Gjog u/L e"ldsf] pko'Qm 9\un] pkof]u ug'{, e"ld
k|zf;gnfO{ dfgj ;+zfwg ;dofg's"n / k|ljlwo'Qm agfO{ :t/Lo ;]jf k|jfx / sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{,
e"ld;DaGwL clen]vx Jojl:yt ug'{ / d'Qmsd}of tyf xlnofsf] zL3| k'g:yf{kgf ug'{ e"ld;'wf/
/ Joj:yf If]qsf d'Vo r'gf}tL /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
e"pkof]u gLlt th'{df x''g', e"ld Joj:yfkgnfO{ j}1flgs / k|efjsf/L agfpgsf nflu bf]>f]
k':tf ;'wf/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg', Jojl:yt a;f]af; u/fpg] k|of; ;'? x'g' cflb o;
If]qsf cj;/ x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
e"ldsf] j}1flgs Joj:yfkg / ;fdflhs Gofodf cfwfl/t e":jfldTj .
#=@ nIo
e"ld / e"pkof]u k|0ffnLnfO{ d'n'ssf] bL3{sfnLg lxtcg'k ;d[l4sf] cfwf/sf] kdf ljsf;
ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= e"ld tyf e"ld;|f]tsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f / ljj]szLn k|of]usf] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug'{ .
@= ljsf; lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos gfkgS;f tyf ef}uf]lns ;"rgf ;j{;'ne agfpg' .
#= e"ld Joj:yfkg ;]jfnfO{ ;/n, ;xh, kf/bzL{ / k|efjsf/L agfpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ Jojl:yt, k|efjsf/L / ;dGjofTds tj/af6
;~rfng u/L cfly{s;fdflhs kn] k5fl8 k/]sf ul/a e"ldxLg ju{sf] e"lddf kx'Fr
a9fpg] .
@= /fli6o e"ld gLlt tyf e"pkof]u gLltsf] cfwf/df pknAw e"ldsf] ;d'lrt pkof]u
u/L vfB ;'/Iff, ;'/lIft cfjf; tyf ;x/Ls/0f, lbuf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / jftfj/0f
;+/If0f ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 71


#= cfw'lgs k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t e"clen]vsf] cfwf/df kf/bzL{ e"ld Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL
:yfkgf u/L ;/n / ;xh ;]jf k|jfx ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= hdLgsf] xbaGbL k'g/fjnf]sg, df]xL Joj:yfkg, hldgsf] :jfldTjsf] Joj:yfkg /
hldgdf ljkGg e"ldxLgxsf] kx'Fr k'ofOg]5 . -!_
@= d'Qm sd}of tyf d'Qm xlnof, xjf, rjf, sdn/Lxsf] k'g:yf{kgf sfo{ ;DkGg
ul/g]5 . -!_
#= cglws[t, clgolGqt tyf cJojl:yt a:tL ljsf;df /f]s nufOg]5 / c;'/lIft
a:tLnfO{ ;'/lIft a;f]af; x'g] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_
$= e"ld gLlt / e"pkof]u P]g th{'df u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -@_
%= e"pkof]u gS;f, tYof\s / e"pkof]u of]hgf tof/ ul/g]5 . -#_
^= dfnkf]t / gfkL sfof{noxsf] ;~hfnLs/0f u/L PsLs[t s]GLo e";"rgf k|0ffnLsf]
ljsf; ul/g]5 . -#_
&= gjLgtd k|ljlwsf] pkof]u u/L gS;f tyf ef}uf]lns ;"rgfx tof/ tyf cBfjlws
ul/g]5 . -#_
*= cfw'lgs k|ljlwo'Qm bIf hgzlQm ljsf; u/L e"ld Joj:yfkg ;]jf If]qnfO{ ljlzi6
j}1flgs k]zfsf] kdf :yflkt tyf ljsf; ul/g]5 . -#_
(= e"ld k|zf;g;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;]jfx ;/nLs[t, ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t, ljs]lGb|t /
Psf/ k|0ffnLaf6 k|bfg ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAwx
of]hgf cjlwdf ;a} dfnkf]te"ld;'wf/ sfof{noxdf ;|]:tf, lnvt afOl08 ;DkGg ePsf]
x'g], ;a} gu/kflnsf, ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx tyf gu/f]Gd'v ufpF ljsf; ;ldltxdf e"pkof]u
gS;f8f6f tof/ ePsf] x'g], e"pkof]u juL{s/0f ePsf] x'g] / ufpF Ans If]qsf] lsQf gfkL sfo{
;DkGg ePsf] x'g]5 . ;fy}, b"/;+j]bg ljlwaf6 () cf]6f ;L6df :ynk gS;f8f6fa];
cBfjlws ePsf] x'g], g]6js{ ;'b[9Ls/0f Pjd\ gi6 ePsf lgoGq0f laGb'xsf] k'g:yf{kg / dd{t
;Def/ ePsf] x'g] / !( xhf/ d'Qm xlnofxsf] k'g:yf{kgf ePsf] x'g]5 .

$=!=% vfB ;'/Iff tyf vfB kf]if0f


!= k[i7e"ld
vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iffsf] cfjZostfnfO{ dxz'; u/L g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] vfB ;Dk|e'tfsf]
k|Tofe"lt x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . b]zsf] s'n vfBfGg pTkfbg / pkef]usf] l:ylt;DaGwL
tYofcg';f/ vfBfGg jf;nftdf s'n vfBfGg artsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] eP tfklg ljz]iftM

72 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


s0ff{nL c~rnnufot b'u{d If]qsf @^ lhNnfx cem} klg vfB c;'/Iffdf /x]sf 5g\ . ljZj
vfB ;Dd]ng !((^ n] vfB ;'/IffnfO{ kl/eflift u/]cg';f/ k|To]s JolQmsf] :j:y / ;lqmo
hLjgofkgsf] nflu cfjZostf / rfxgfcg'k ;w}F kof{Kt, :jR5 / kf]if0fo'Qm vfgfdflysf]
ef}lts / cfly{s kx'Fr k'u]sf] cj:yf xf] . ;+ljwfg k|bQ vfB;DaGwL xscg';f/ k|To]s
gful/snfO{ vfB j:t'sf] cefjdf hLjg hf]lvddf kg]{ cj:yfaf6 ;'/lIft /fVgsf ;fy} s[lif
ljsf; /0fgLlt Pjd\ ax'If]qLo kf]if0f of]hgf / vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff sfo{of]hgfnufot If]qut
gLlt / of]hgfxn] lnPsf nIo / p2]Zocg';f/ vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff xfl;n ug{ pk/f]Qm
/0fgLlt / sfo{gLltsf] k|efjsf/L sfofGjog ug'{ ckl/xfo{ 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] vfB ;Dk|e'tfnfO{ df}lns xssf] kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] ;Gbe{df vfB
;'/Iffsf d'Vo rf/ :tDex vfB pknAwtf, kx'Fr, pkof]u / l:y/tfdf ;dofg's"n ;'wf/ ug'{,
emG8} $! k|ltzt hg;\Vof b}lgs lgwf{l/t Sofnf]/Lsf] Go"gtd dfqf pkef]u ug{af6 jl~rt
/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg', vfB ;'/Iffsf b[li6n] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d"x / If]qsf] klxrfg u/L
pQm ;d"x / If]qsf] cfo:t/ a9fO{ vfBj:t'df cfTdlge{/ agfpg'sf ;fy} :j:ys/ vfgkfg /
Jojxf/ kl/jt{gs]lGt sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{', clgolGqt kdf a9]sf] hLjgfzs ljifflbsf]
k|of]u 36fO{ vfB u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug'{ / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0fn] vfB ;'/Iffdf b]lvPsf] hf]lvd
Go"g ug'{ o; If]qdf b]lvPsf r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
cfdhgtfsf] qmozlQm / hgr]tgfsf] :t/df qmlds kdf j[l4;Fu} vfgkfgdf cfO/x]sf]
kl/jt{g, oftfoft / ;~rf/df e}/x]sf] ljsf;n] kx'Frdf j[l4 x'g', ahf/nufot s[lif k"jf{wf/df
;'wf/ x'Fb} hfg' Pjd\ lbuf] ljsf; nIodf ljZjaf6 g} ef]sd/L cGTo ug]{ nIo lng', g]kfnsf]
;+ljwfgn] Joj:yf u/]sf] vfB;DaGwL xs tyf s[lif ljsf; /0fgLltnufot cGo gLlt tyf
sfo{qmddf vfB ;'/IffnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbg', vfg] afgLdf kl/jt{g cfpg' o; If]qsf
cj;/sf kdf b]lvPsf 5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;w}F / kof{Kt ;'/lIft tyf kf]if0fo'Qm vfB pknAwtfsf] cj:yf l;h{gf .
#=@ nIo
lbuf] kdf s[lif tyf kz'kG5L pTkfbgpTkfbsTj a9fO{ vfB j:t'df kx'Fr / pkof]u j[l4
u/L vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff xfl;n ug]{ .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 73


#=# p2]Zo
!= vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iffsf] ;'lglZrttf sfod ug{ s[lif tyf kz'hGo pTkfbg j[l4 u/L
cfwf/e"t vfBj:t'sf] cfk"lt{ a9fO{ vfB tyf kf]if0f pkef]u l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] .
@= vfB ;'/Iffsf] b[li6n] hf]lvddf /x]sf If]q / ;d"xxsf] klxrfg u/L u'0f:t/o'Qm vfB
j:t'df kx'Fr a9fpFb} vfB ;'/Iffsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug]{ .
#= ;dfg'kflts tyf ;dGoflos vfB tyf kf]if0fsf] ljt/0f k|0ffnL :yflkt ug]{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= vfB tyf kf]if0f c;'/lIft If]q / ;d"xdf cNksfnLg tyf bL3{sfnLg kdf vfB
;\s6 ;dfwfg ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
@= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g / ;b'kof]u, hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng
k|ljlwxsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ u/L vfB j:t'sf] pknAwtf, pkof]udf l:y/tf /
lg/Gt/tf sfod u/L vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
#= vfB pknAwtf j[l4sf nflu s[lifdf ljljwLs/0f / ljlzi6Ls/0f ub{} hfg]] .
$= k|zf]wg tyf pkof]u k|ljlwsf] lj:tf/ ub}{ vfBfGgdf cfwfl/t kf]if0f / vfg] Jojxf/
kl/jt{gdf hf]8 lbg] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= kz'hGo pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{ ljz]if ;'ljwf pknAw u/fO{ kf]lifnf] vfB
j:t'df kx'Fr a9fOg]5 . -!_
@= g]kfn vfB ;'/Iff cg'udg k|0ffnLnfO{ k|b]z tyf lhNnf txdf ;+:yfut ul/g]5 .
k|To]s lhNnfdf s[lif tyf vfB ;'/Iff ;dGjo ;ldlt / lhNnf vfB ;'/Iff
;~hfndfkm{t\ vfB tyf kf]if0fl:yltsf] cg'udg ul/g]5 . -!_
#= lhNnfsf] vfBfGg cfjZostfsf] cg'kftdf vfBfGg e08f/ ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 . k|To]s
lhNnfdf vfBfGgdf cfTdlge{/ aGg] of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogsf] ;'?jft ul/g]5 .
vfB / kf]if0f hf]lvd If]qxdf :yfgLo:t/df ;DefJo s[lif j:t'xsf] pTkfbg /
pkof]udf hf]8 lbOg]5 . -!_
$= vfB j:t'sf] :jR5tf tyf :j:ytf ;'lglZrt ug{ lgodg sfo{ k|efjsf/L
agfOg]5 . -@_
%= k|sf]k Go"gLs/0f tyf jftfj/0fLo cg's"ntfcg'k s[lif tyf kz'kG5L k|hfltsf]
ljsf;df Wofg lbOg]5 . -@_
^= ;LdfGts[t tyf vfB c;'/Iffsf] hf]lvddf /x]sf 3/kl/jf/nfO{ ;d"x;xsf/Ldf cfa4
u/fO{{ s/f/ v]tL ug{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -@_

74 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


&= s0ff{nLnufot lxdfnL If]qdf s[lif tyf kmnkm"n v]tL, kz'kfng, h8La'6L v]tLh:tf
sfo{x Jofj;flos kdf ;~rfng u/L o:tf pTkfbgnfO{ k|zf]wg / d"No clej[l4
ug{ vf]lng] s[lifhGo pBf]uxnfO{ ljz]if ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/g]5 . -@_
*= vfB hf]lvd If]qdf pTkfbg x'g] :yfgLo afnLgfnLsf k|hfltsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{g
u/L pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj j[l4sf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
(= vfBfGg pTkfbgdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] kf/]sf] k|efj cWoog u/L vfB c;'/lIft If]qsf]
df};d cg's"n x'g] lsl;dsf afnLgfnLsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . o;sf nflu
lzIf0f tyf cg';Gwfg;DaGwL ;+:yfx;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= u|fdL0f If]qdf s[lifd}qL k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; / ;x/L If]q / ;x/ glhssf u|fdL0f If]qdf
kf}li6s tjo'Qm t/sf/L Pjd\ pRr d"Nosf s[lif j:t' pTkfbg ug{ k|f]T;fxg
ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= vfB j:t'sf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f, k|df0fLs/0f tyf lgodg k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg
pkef]Qmf xslxt;Fu ;DalGwt ;\3;+:yfx;Fusf] ;xsfo{df k|of]uzfnf ;]jfnfO{
lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -@_
!@= vfBfGgdf ;dfhsf ul/a / ljkGg kl/jf/sf] kx'Fr a9fpg k|efjsf/L ;fj{hlgs
ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -@_
!#= vfBfGg pTkfbg a9fpg / :jR5 vfBfGg pknAw u/fpg ;x/L s[lifnfO{ k|j4{g
ul/g]5 . -#_
!$= vfB kx'Fr lj:tf/sf nflu :yfgLo txdf /f]huf/L j[l4, gub]jfnLsf] laqmL /
wfgnufot k|d'v vfBjfnLsf] d"No lgwf{/0fnfO{ Jojl:yt ul/g]5 . -#_
!%= vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff ljk/Ltsf lqmofsnfk h:t} s[lif e"ld v08Ls/0f, afFemf] /fVg]
k|j[lQ / 38]/Ls/0fnufotsf e"pkof]u kl/jt{g sfo{nfO{ lgT;flxt ul/g]5 . -#_
!^= :yfgLo:t/df pTkfbg x'g] vfB pkef]udf hf]8 lbFb} cg';Gwfg / glthfdf cfwfl/t
;'/lIft / ;Gt'lnt vfB Jojxf/ k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
of]hgf cjlwe/df vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf, vfB ljljwtf / vfg]afgLdf pNn]Vo
;'wf/ ePsf] x'g], s[lif j:t'xsf] e08f/0f Ifdtf, ;\sng s]Gxnufot ahf/ k"jf{wf/x j[l4
ePsf] x'g] / vfB cg';Gwfgsf cfw'lgs k|of]uzfnfx :yflkt eO{ vfB j:t'sf] cfoft lgof{tdf
lglZrt dfkb08 nfu" x'g'sf ;fy} d'n'sleqsf] u'0f:t/Lo vfB ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf ;d]t ;'wf/
ePsf] x'g]5 .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 75


$=!=^ jg tyf e";+/If0f
!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] lbuf] ljsf;df jg If]qsf] dxjk"0f{ of]ubfg /lxcfPsf] 5 . b]zdf /f]huf/Lsf]
l;h{gf, cfoj[l4, :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf h:t} M sf7, bfp/f, u}/sfi7 jg
k}bfjf/xsf] cfk"lt{sf ;fy} s[lif / l;FrfOdf ;d]t jg If]qsf] pNn]vgLo e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 .
o;sf ;fy} hg;xeflutfd"ns jg Joj:yfkgsf dfWodaf6 :yfgLo ;fdflhs cfly{s ljsf;
tyf :yfgLo g]t[Tj ljsf;df klg jg If]qsf] k|ToIf of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 .
;g\ @)!% sf] jg;|f]t ;j{]If0fcg';f/ jgn] 9fs]sf] If]q s'n e"efusf] #(=^ k|ltztaf6 a9]/
$$=& k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L kxf8L If]qdf jg If]qn] 9fs]sf] e"efudf j[l4 ePsf] 5 eg]
emf8L a'6\ofgn] 9fs]sf If]qx jg If]qdf kfGtl/t x'g'sf ;fy} jg If]qaflx/sf] e"efudf ;d]t
jgsf] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] s'Nf e"efusf] #$,!*^ ju{ lsnf]ld6/ If]q ;+/lIft If]q /lxcfPsf] 5 . o;n]
d'n'ssf] @#=% k|ltzt -!$ cf]6f lgs'~h Pjd\ cf/If / ^ cf]6f ;+/If0f If]q_ e"efu cf]u6]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf cjl:yt !!* cf]6f kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL If]qdWo] *) cf]6f ;+/lIft If]qleq kb{5g\ .
o;}u/L u}F8f, af3, cgf{, s[i0f;f/, lxFplrt'jf, s:t'/L, uf]xL cflbsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu ljz]if kxn /
k|of;x eO/x]sf 5g\ . e" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0fsf xsdf e";+/If0fsf] sfo{If]q tyf sfo{ef/nfO{
lj:tfl/t ul/+b}5 eg] jg:klt ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg tyf k|;f/sf nflu;d]t gofF ;f]r cl3
;fl/Psf] 5 .
g]kfnn] cjnDag u/]sf] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkg -;fd'bflos jg, ;fem]bf/L jg,
dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jg, sa'lnotL jg cflb_ ljZjd} pbfx/0fLo /x]sf] 5 . ;d'bfof/f
Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] jg If]qsf] xsdf lgs'~h tyf cf/Ifxsf] yk Joj:yfkgsf] nflu 6]jf
k'ofpg !@ cf]6f ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t dWojtL{ If]qxsf] Joj:yfkg eO/x]sf] 5 .
gLltut kdf jg gLlt, @)&!, g]kfn jg If]q /0fgLlt, @)&@ / lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu
k|s[lt ;+/If0fsf] /fli6o /0fgLlts k|fk, @)&@ hf/L e} logLxsf] sfof{Gjogsf] r/0f ;'?
ePsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} ;+jt\ @)&!@)*) nfO{ jg bzs 3f]if0ff ug'{sf ;fy} ;d[l4sf nflu
jg eGg] gf/f to u/L ljz]if sfo{qmdx ;~rfng e}/x]sf 5g\ .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
cGt/f{li6o ;lGw;Demf}tfdf g]kfnsf] k|lta4tfcg';f/ sfo{ ug{sf nflu gLlt, sfg'g /
sfo{qmdx :ki6 kfg'{, o;sf ;fy} ;\3Lo /fhgLlts Joj:yfadf]lhd ;\u7gfTds ;+/rgf
tof/ kfg'{ / sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg', jg If]qsf] n}ls tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f, d"nk|jfxLs/0f
/0fgLlt, @)^% sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug'{, jg If]qaf6 pTkfbg x'g] nfe tyf ;]jfnfO{

76 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


Gofof]lrt cfwf/df afF8kmfF8 ug{sf] nflu zf;sLo ;'b[9Ls/0f ub}{ :yfgLo hgtfsf] cfwf/e"t
cfjZostfx -sf7, bfp/f, 3fF;, :ofpnf_ sf] cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;d'bfo:t/b]lv
/fli6o:t/;Dd Joj:yfkg ug'{sf ;fy} ;/f]sf/jfnfx;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L jgsf] lbuf] / j}1flgs
Joj:yfkgnfO{ cem ;'b[9 ug'{ jg If]qsf k|d'v r'gf}tL x'g\ . To:t} e"sDkaf6 kfl/l:yltsLo
;]jfdf ePsf] ljgfz / gf]S;fgLsf] k"lt{ ug{ tyf e"sDk kLl8txsf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;xh /
;/n tl/sfn] kl/k"lt{ ug{sf nflu j}slNks of]hgf th'{df u/]/ yk ;|f]t h'6fpg', lxdfnL If]qsf]
plrt ;+/If0f x'g g;Sbf tNnf] t6Lo If]qdf k/]sf] gsf/fTds k|efj / ;\qmd0fsfnLg /fhg}lts
cj:yfdf jg If]qsf] ;+/If0fdf kg]{ k|efjsf ;fy} r'/] If]qsf] sdhf]/ e"ue{ / cJojl:yt bf]xgaf6
efj/ / t/fO{ If]qsf] hLjgfwf/df k/]sf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug'{, d'n'ssf] blIf0fjtL{ e"efudf
a;f]af; ug]{ jgIf]qaf6 6f9f /x]sf 3/w'/Lxsf] jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] j:t' tyf ;]jfxdf kx'Fr
k'ofpg', jg 89]nf] lgoGq0f ug{' / o;sf nflu :yfgLo Ifdtf / lhDd]jf/L j[l4 ug'{ / d'n'ssf]
ef}lts tyf ;fdflhs cfly{s ljsf; / jg ;+/If0f sfo{sf aLr pTkGg x'g] G Joj:yfkg ug{'
o; If]qsf r'gf}tL /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm jg kmF8fgLaf6 x'g] hnjfo' kl/jt{g / jg tyf
jgdf cfl>t ;d'bfosf nflu lbuf] cg's"ngsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ yk r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
jgn] cf]u6]sf] e"efudf j[l4 x'Fb} hfg', jgsf] lbuf] / j}1flgs Joj:yfkgaf6 sfi7 tyf
u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] Jofj;flos pTkfbg / ljt/0f x'g] cj:yf aGg', ljZj pi0fLs/0f /
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] b/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ jgsf] cxd\ e"ldsf x'g] ePsf]n] jg ;+/If0f /
ljsf;af6 sfa{g ;+/If0f / ;l~rltsf] kmfObf k'Ug], jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0faf6
kof{ko{6gnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ tyf hnfwf/ If]qsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgf/f e"Ifo lgoGq0f ub}{ hn>f]t
clej[l4 / s[lif ljsf;df 6]jf k'ofpg] cj;/x jg If]qdf /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} jg ;|f]tsf]
3gTj, ljljwtf / jg pBdgzLntf l;h{gf ug{;Sg] u/L jg;|f]tsf] plrt / lbuf] Joj:yfkg
ug'{ o; If]qsf] cj;/ xf] .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;3g tyf ljljwtfo'Qm jg ;|f]t, ljlzi6Ls[t h}ljs ljljwtf, ;d[4 hnfwf/ /
pBdzLntfo'Qm jg If]q .
#=@ nIo
jg, jg:klt, h8La'6L, jGohGt', h}ljs ljljwtf / hnfwf/sf] ;d'lrt ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g,
Jofj;foLs/0f / ;b'kof]uf/f /f]huf/L] l;h{gf tyf hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ u/L kfl/l:yltsLo
k|0ffnLaLr ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgf/f jg If]qsf] pTkfbsTj / jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg j[l4 ug'{ .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 77


@= h}ljs ljljwtf / ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0fnufot jftfj/0fLo ;]jfaf6 k|fKt x'g] nfe j[l4 ub}{
Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ;'lglZrt ug'{ .
#= hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf gsf/fTds k|efj Go"gLs/0f tyf cg's"ngsf pkfo cjnDag ub}{
hn, hn;|f]t tyf e"ldsf] ;+/If0faf6 e"ldsf] pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{ hnfwf/ If]qsf]
PsLs[t ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ljBdfg jg If]q sfod /fvL jgsf] 3gTj, pTkfbsTj / pTkfbg j[l4sf] nflu jgsf]
;xeflutfd"ns lbuf] Pjd\ j}1flgs Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
@= h}ljs ljljwtf / hnfwf/sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg / pkof]udf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] kx'Fr
j[l4 ug]{ Pjd\ kof{ko{6gsf] cfwf/ If]qxnfO{ k'g:yf{kg tyf k'glg{df{0f ug]{ .
#= lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg / ;+/If0fdfkm{t\ jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng sfod /fvL hnjfo' kl/jt{g
Go"gLs/0fsf ;Defljt cGt/f{li6o nfexnfO{ :yfgLo:t/;Dd k'ofpg] .
$= jg k}bfjf/df cfTdlge{/tf xfl;n ub}{ o;df cfwfl/t pBdzLntf / /f]huf/L j[l4
ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ljljwtfk"0f{ jg k}bfjf/sf] ;xh cfk"lt{, /f]huf/L l;h{gf / :yfgLo tyf /fli6o
cy{tGqdf pNNf]Vo of]ubfg k'ofpg jg ;+j4{g k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t jgsf] lbuf] /
j}1flgs Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . -!_
@= jg 89]nf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu k"j{ tof/L, 89]nf] lgoGq0f / 89]nf]k|lt/f]wL Ifdtf
lj:tf/sf nflu clUg/]vf Joj:yfkg / cfsfz] kfgL ;\sng sfo{qmddf hgtfsf]
;xeflutf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ;+/lIft jg tyf ;+/If0f If]qxsf] sfo{of]hgf tof/L, kl/dfh{g tyf sfof{GjognfO{
k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . -@_
$= ;a} vfn] agxdf cfGtl/s kof{ko{6g k|j4{g ug{ h}ljs ljljwtf / l;d;f/ -kfgLsf]
d'xfg, s'jf, Ogf/_ If]qsf] ;+/If0f sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . -@_
%= hnfwf/ ;]jfsf] ;d'bfo:t/df jftfj/0fLo ;]jf;DaGwL gd'gf k/LIf0f cfof]hgf
klxrfg / gd'gf k/LIf0f u/L qmdzM lj:tf/ ub}{ nlug]5 . -@_
^= r'/] If]qsf] plrt ;+/If0fsf] sfo{nfO{ kl/is[t / kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg dflyNnf] / tNnf]
t6Lo ;d'bfo Pjd\ ;/f]sf/jfnfaLr cGt;{DaGw x'g]u/L gbL k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t
PsLs[t ;+/If0fsf] sfo{nfO{ ;dGjofTds kdf ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
&= l;d;f/ If]qxsf] clen]vLs/0f, juL{s/0f tyf k|fyldsLs/0f u/L of]hgf th'{df tyf
sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ;Gbe{df :yfgLo cg's"ng k|of;xdf
l;d;f/ If]qsf] pkof]u;DaGwL :yfgLo sfo{of]hgf tof/ kf/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -@_

78 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


*= /fli6o lgs'~h, jGohGt' cf/If, lzsf/ cf/If, ;+/lIft If]q, t/fO{ tyf kxf8L
e"kl/lw:t/Lo sfo{, l;d;f/ If]qxsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf; ub}{ ko{6g k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -#_
(= hf]lvdo'Qm jGohGt'xsf] jf;:yfg ;+/If0f, k|hgg Pjd\ hg;\Vof Joj:yfkgsf]
sfo{ lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -#_
!)= e"pkof]u ljsf; tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df u/L ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
tyf k|fs[lts k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy sfof{Gjog
ul/g]5 . -#_
!!= hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng;dfg's"ngkfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t cg's"ng
ljsf;nfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug'{sf ;fy} /]8 sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos tof/L k"/f u/L
sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLdf kg{hfg] gsf/fTds k|efj
Go"gLs/0f, kfl/l:yltsLo cg's"ng tyf ;dfg's"ng ug{ :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf
clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= :yfgLo cg's"ng of]hgfnfO{ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkg sfo{of]hgfxdf
d"nk|jfxLs/0f / ;]jf k|bfosxsf] Ifdtf ljsf; ul/g]5 . -$_
!$= jg tyf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; tyf pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfng
u/L /f]huf/L j[l4 ul/g]5 . -$_
!%= t'ngfTds nfe ePsf pRr d"Nosf h8La'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] ;+/If0f,
;+j4{g, v]tL lj:tf/ Pjd\ lgof{tsf nflu a|fl08;lxtsf] ahf/ k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -$_
!^= ;fd'bflos jgsf] k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg, k|zf]wg / pkof]usf] ljifodf cWoog cg';Gwfg
u/L pTkfbg / ahf/sf] ljljwLs/0f / k|ljlw ljsf; Pjd\ x:tfGt/0f ul/g]5 . -$_
!&= ljkGgd'vL cfod"ns, /f]huf/d"ns tyf hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/;DaGwL sfo{qmdx ;a}
jg Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -$_
!*= ;/sf/L, ;fd'bflos tyf lghL If]qaf6 pTkfbg x'g] jg k}bfjf/xsf] laqmL ljt/0fnfO{
;xh agfpg sfg'gL / gLltut ;'wf/ ul/g]5 . -$_
!(= pRr cfly{s dxjsf] jGohGt'sf] kfng, k|hgg / Jofj;foLs/0f ug{ gLltut
Joj:yf u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
ljBdfg jgIf]q sfod /fvL jgsf] x}l;ot, 3gTj, ljljwtf / pTkfbsTjdf u'0ffTds j[l4
ePsf] x'g], ;\3Lo 9fFrfcg';f/ jg ;\u7gsf] k'g;{+/rgf ePsf] x'g], ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg
Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLx cem ;'b[9 / ;an ePsf x'g] / jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] j:t' tyf ;]jfxsf]
ljljwLs/0f;lxt pQm j:t' tyf ;]jfx ljkGg tyf jl~rt ;d"xx;Dd k'u]sf] x'g]5 . ;fy},
hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0f tyf cg's"ngdf jg If]qsf] s]Gb|Lo e"ldsf :yflkt ePsf] x'g],

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 79


;f];DaGwL nfe :yfgLo ;d'bfo;Dd k'u]sf] x'g], jg tyf jGohGt';DaGwL ck/fw / rf]/L lgsf;L
Pjd\ cGo u}/sfg"gL lqmofsnfkdf pNn]Vo sdL cfPsf] x'g], jg k}bfjf/ tyf kfl/l:yltsLo
;]jfdf cfwfl/t Joj;fo, /f]huf/L tyf cfocfh{gdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g] / jg If]qsf] ;+:yfut ;'wf/
Pjd\ Ifdtf ljsf; ePsf] x'g]5 .

$=@ pBf]u, jfl0fHo, cfk"lt{ / ko{6g


$=@=! pBf]u
!= k[i7e"ld
cf}Bf]lus If]q cfly{s ljsf;sf] OlGhg xf] . cf}Bf]lus ljsf;n] /f]huf/L l;h{gf, j:t' /
;]jfsf] d"No clej[l4, cfjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] pknAwtf ug{ ;xof]u k'ofpFb5 . ;fj{hlgs,
lghL / ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;xeflutff/f lbuf] Pjd\ a[xt\ cfwf/;lxtsf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;dfkm{t\
/f]huf/L >[hgf u/L ul/aL Go"gLs/0f ug{df pBf]u If]qsf] dxjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 . cf}Bf]lus
nufgLn] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4, /f]huf/L l;h{gf, :yfgLo >f]t ;fwg / k|ljlwsf] pkof]u,
cfoft k|lt:yfkg tyf lgof{t k|j4{gdf of]ubfg ub{5 . To:t} lghL If]qnfO{ nufgLk|lt cfslif{t
t'NofpFb} / j}b]lzs nufgLnfO{ gjLgtd k|ljlwsf ;fy leofpFb} d'n'ssf] pRr, lbuf] / km/flsnf]
cfly{s j[l4b/ xfl;n ug{ dxjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg] ub{5 .
t/ g]kfndf cf}Bf]lus nufgLd}qL jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ gx'g', ljB't\sf] cfk"lt{df ;'wf/ gx'g',
cf}Bf]lus j:t'xsf] pRr k|lt:kwf{ x'g', cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wf/xsf] kof{Kt ljsf; gx'g', cfjZos
hgzlQm knfog x'g' cflbn] ubf{ cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf of]ubfg Go"g /xL &=)
k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf / /fli6o /f]huf/Ldf sl/a ^=^ k|ltztdfq of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . pBf]u If]qsf]
ljsf;sf] nflu cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, sDkgL P]g, ljz]if cfly{s If]q;DaGwL P]gx ;d;fdflos
aGg] qmddf 5g\ eg] ljb]zL nufgL gLlt, @)&! th'{df ePsf] 5 / ljleGg /fi6;Fu laKkf
;Demf}tf ePsf 5g\ . To:t} e}/xjfdf ljz]if cfly{s If]qsf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . ul/aL
lgjf/0fsf nflu n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmdnfO{ ^$ lhNnfdf lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf u'0f:t/Lotf sfod ug{', cf}Bf]lus If]qdf ljB't\ cfk"lt{ rf}aL;} 306f
x'g] cj:yf l;h{gf ug{', >d gLlt pBf]ud}qL agfpg', cf}Bf]lus If]qdf k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; a9fpFb}
hfg', ;~rflnt pBf]uxnfO{ pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjsf] b[li6n] k|lt:kwL{ agfpg', df}h'bf
pBf]unfO{ U0f x'gaf6 hf]ufpg', U0f pBf]unfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ug{', gofF k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ug{',
cf}Bf]lus gLltsf k|fjwfgxnfO{ cfly{s P]gn] ;Daf]wg ug{' / ljZjJofkLs/0f tyf cfly{s

80 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


pbf/Ls/0fn] ;[hgf ub}{ NofPsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds jftfj/0fsf] ;fdgf ug{' o; If]qsf k|d'v
r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
:jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgLsf nflu cg's"n jftfj/0f l;h{gf x'Fb} hfg', u}/cfjf;Lo
g]kfnLxsf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;df kl/rfng ug]{ ;Defjgf a9\g', >d ;DaGwdf ;'wf/ x'g', k"jf{wf/
lgdf{0fdf ;/sf/sf] nufgL a9\b} hfg', ;"rgf tyf cfw'lgs ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'g'
/ lzlIft Pjd\ ;Lko'Qm hgzlQm :jb]zd} tof/ x'Fb} hfg' cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf nflu cj;/x
x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
cy{tGqdf pBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfgdf j[l4 u/L cfly{s kfGt/0f / ;'b[9 cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0f .
#=@ nIo
cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/f/f /f]huf/Ldf j[l4, lgof{t k|j4{g / cfoft k|lt:yfkg
u/L /fli6o cy{tGqsf] clej[l4 ug]{] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= pBf]u If]qsf] pTkfbg j[l4 u/L s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf o; If]qsf] of]ubfg a9fpg' .
@= cf}Bf]lus If]qdf :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgL j[l4 u/L /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ ;[hgf ug'{ .
#= cf}Bf]lus j:t'xsf] lgof{t j[l4 u/L Jofkf/ 3f6fdf sdL Nofpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= pBf]uxnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf ug{ gLlt lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogdf hf]8
lbg] .
@ :yfgLo ;|f]t Pjd\ ;Lksf] pkof]u u/L n3', 3/]n', ;fgf, demf}nf tyf 7"nf pBf]usf]
:yfkgf / ;~rfngnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
#= cGt/k|b]z tyf k|b]z / ;\3aLrsf] cf}Bf]lus cGt/;DaGw ;'b[9 u/L ;Gt'lnt
ljsf;df pBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfg a9fpg] .
$= u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxnfO{ nufgLdf k|f]T;fxg ug{ gLltut Joj:yf ug]{ .
%= nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ cfjZos gLlt tyf P]gsf] kl/dfh{g / th{'df ug]{ .
^ t'ngfTds nfesf If]qsf] klxrfg u/L u'0f:t/o'Qm Pjd\ k|lt:kwf{Tds cf}Bf]lus
j:t'sf] lgof{tnfO{ a9fjf lbg] .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 81


#=% sfo{gLlt
!= cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] nflu pBf]u btf{b]lv alxu{dg;Ddsf] k|lqmofnfO{ ;/nLs/0f
ug]{u/L cf}Bf]lus /0fgLlt th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -!_
@= pBf]unfO{ cfjZos sRrf kbfy{sf] cfk"lt{sf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -!_
#= pBf]unfO{ cfjZos ljB't\ / cGo pmhf{sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_
$= pBf]uxnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg ug]{ ;+:yfxsf] Ifdtf ljsf;
ul/g]5 . -!_
%= cf}Bf]lus If]qxsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ NofOg]5 . -!_
^= ljz]if cfly{s If]qnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -!_
&= l;d]G6 pBf]u;Ddsf] kx'Fr;8s tyf ljB't\ k|;f/0f nfOg lj:tf/ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbOg]5 . -!_
*= k]6f]lnodnufot vfgLhGo j:t'xsf] cg';Gwfg, cGj]if0f / pTvgg\sf sfo{qmdx
cl3 a9fOg]5g\ . -!_
(= ul/asf nflu nw' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmdnfO{ d'n'se/ lj:tf/ ug{ sfof{Gjog ug]{
lgsfo tyf ;xof]uL lgsfoxsf] ;dGjo Ifdtf ljsf; ub}{ nlug]5 . -@_
!)= Ps lhNnf Ps ljz]if pTkfbg ;DaGwL sfo{qmdnfO{ sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= k|To]s k|b]zdf cf}Bf]lus If]q, cf}Bf]lus sl/8f]/ Pjd\ ljz]if cfly{s If]q qmdzM
:yfkgf ub}{ nlug]5 . -#_
!@= cf}Bf]lus If]qdf >dd"ns, lgof{tof]Uo / cfoft k|lt:yfkg x'g] nufgLnfO{ k|fyldstf
lbOg]5 . -#_
!#= af}l4s ;DklQsf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;+j4{gsf nflu 5'} ;+:yfut Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -$_
!$= j}b]lzs k'FhL tyf k|ljlwnfO{ cfslif{t ug{ cfjZos sfg'gL / cGo Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -$_
!%= ljkGg tyf ul/a ;d"xnfO{ nlIft u/L 3/]n', ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]udfkm{t\ /f]huf/L
l;h{gf ul/g]5 . -%_
!^= U0f pBf]unfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ug{ cfjZos ;+:yfut Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -^_
!&= b]zdf pknAw ax'd"No h8La'6Laf6 clwstd kmfObf lng h8La'6L k|zf]wg tyf
h8La'6Ldf cfwfl/t cf}iflwhGo j:t'sf] pTkfbg / lgsf;Ldf ljz]if hf]8 lbOg]5 . -^_
!*= k|To]s k|b]zdf x:tsnf u|fd :yfkgf u/L k/Dk/fut ;Lk / k|ljlwsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;
ul/g]5 . -^_

82 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


$= ck]lIft pknlAw
pBf]uxsf] :yfkgf tyf lj:tf/df j[l4 / ahf/ ;DaGwsf] lj:tf/ ePsf] x'g], cf}Bf]lus
If]qdf jflif{s %) xhf/sf b/n] ! nfv %) xhf/ yk /f]huf/L l;h{gf ePsf] x'g], cfw'lgs
k|ljlwsf] clwstd k|of]u;Fu} u'0f:t/Lo j:t'xsf] pTkfbgf/f lgof{t a9\g uO{ tyf cfoft
k|lt:yfkg eO{ Jofkf/ 3f6f sd ePsf] x'g] / cf}Bf]lus Pjd\ af}l4s ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f tyf
;+j4{g ePsf] x'g]5 .

$=@=@ jfl0fHo
!= k[i7e"ld
jfl0fHo If]qsf] ljsf;n] j:t' / ;]jfsf] ;xh cfk"lt{ / b]zdf pTkflbt j:t' / ;]jfsf]
lgof{taf6 cfly{s j[l4 x'g ;Sb5 . j}b]lzs j:t'sf] Jofkf/ ;fy} ;]jfsf] Jofkf/af6 gjf]lbt
cy{tGqn] o;af6 a9L kmfObf lng ;Sb5 . o;y{ Jofkf/ g} cfly{s j[l4 / cfly{s ljsf;sf]
d]b08 xf] eGg] dfGotfsf ;fy ;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;xeflutf / ;fem]bf/Ldfkm{t\
cfoft k|lt:yfkg Pjd\ lgof{t k|j4{gsf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/Psf 5g\ . t'ngfTds tyf
k|lt:kwf{Tds nfesf If]qsf] klxrfg u/L jfl0fHo If]qsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/f/f lgof{t k|j4{g ub}{
j:t' / ;]jfsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy jfl0fHo gLlt, @)&@ sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf]
5 . lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] p2]Zo;d]tnfO{ dfu{bz{gsf] kdf lnO jfl0fHo gLlt, @)&@ / g]kfn
Jofkf/ PsLs[t /0fgLlt, @)&# sf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx To;tkm{ kl/nlIft ul/Psf 5g\ .
ljZj Jofkf/ ;\u7g, blIf0f PlzofnL :jtGq Jofkf/ ;Demf}tf tyf ax'If]qLo k|fljlws tyf
cfly{s ;xfotf;DaGwL a\ufnsf] vf8Lsf] k|oTg;d]t;Fusf] cfa4tfaf6 Jofkf/df j[l4 ug]{
cj;/ g]kfnn] k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . cfGtl/s tyf cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/ k|j4{g tyf lj:tf/sf] nflu
kof{Kt cj;/x tyf ;Defjgf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/ vf;u/L lgof{t Jofkf/n]
ck]lIft ;kmntf xfl;n ug{;s]sf] 5}g . cfoft k|lt:yfkg x'g] j:t'sf] cfGtl/s pTkfbgdf sdL
/ k]6f]lnod kbfy{sf] a9\bf] dfu eO{ cfoftdf j[l4 tyf ;du| lgof{t Ifdtfdf ;'b[9Ls/0f x'g
g;sL lgof{t sdhf]/ ePsf] sf/0fxaf6 Jofkf/ 3f6fsf] kl/df0f k|To]s jif{ a9\b} uPsf] 5 .=
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
lgof{t x'g] j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f, k|df0fLs/0f, n]aln / Kofs]lh;DaGwL Ifdtf
clej[l4 ug{', ljz]if cfly{s If]q k"0f{ kdf ;~rfngdf Nofpg', dfucg'k kof{Kt dfqfdf pmhf{
pknAw u/fpg' Pjd\ sdhf]/ cf}Bf]lus >d ;DaGwh:tf ljifox ;Daf]wg ug{', k]6f]lnod kbfy{,
cfTdlge{/ x'g;Sg] s[lifhGo pTkfbgsf ;fy} ljnfl;tfsf j:t'xsf] cfoftdf pRr kdf ePsf]
j[l4 lg?T;flxt ug'{ jfl0fHo If]qsf k|d'v r'gf}tL x'g\ . To:t} yk kf/jxg dfu{ tyf ;fd'ls
aGb/ufx k|of]udf Nofpg', cfoft x'g] j:t'xsf] :jb]zd} pTkfbg a9fpg', k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL
If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 83
cfslif{t ug{ kof{Kt k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{', cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/nfO{ k|lt:kwL{ / Jofks agfpg
j:t'ut / b]zut Jofkf/ ljljwLs/0f ub}{ ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}sf] ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ k|fKt ug{',
ljZjJofkf/ ;\u7gnufotsf cGt/f{li6o ;\u7gx;Fusf] cfa4tfaf6 kmfObf lnO{ lgof{t
Jofkf/ j[l4 ug{', vf]h, cg';Gwfg, ljsf;dfkm{t\ Jofkf/sf gofF If]qxsf] klxrfg, ljljwLs/0f /
k|j4{g ug{ k|of{Kt ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ug{' / Jofkf/ s"6gLltsf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4 ug{' klg
o; If]qsf r'gf}tL x'g\ .
cj;/
jfl0fHo If]qsf ;fljssf gLlt, P]g, lgodxsf] kl/dfh{g / gofF lgdf{0f u/L cfly{s
pbf/Ls/0f tyf ljZj Jofkf/ k|0ffnLaf6 ;[lht cj;/x jfl0fHo gLlt, @)&@, ljsf; ;xfotf
gLlt, @)&!, ljb]zL nufgL gLlt, @)&!, s[lif ljsf; /0fgLlt, @)&@ tyf g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs[t
/0fgLlt, @)&# sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogaf6 lgof{t k|j4{g / cfGtl/s pTkfbg j[l4df 7f];
;xof]u k'Ug] cj;/ jfl0fHo If]qdf k|fKt 5 . To:t} l5d]sL d'n'sxsf] cfly{s j[l4af6 Jofkf/sf
If]qdf g]kfnn] nfe lng ;Sg] cj:yf x'g', ljZj Jofkf/ ;\u7g, lald:6]s, ;f6fh:tf If]qLo
Pjd\ cGt/f{li6o ;\u7gx;Fusf] cfa4tfn] If]qLo / cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/df cGt/;DaGw a9b}
hfg', afXo Jofkf/ k|j4{gsf nflu l5d]sL d'n's;Fu ul/Psf] Jofkf/ ;Demf}tf, lkIfLo nufgL
k|j4{g / ;+/If0f ;Demf}tf, bf]xf]/f] s/d'lQm ;Demf}tfaf6 k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgLsf] ;Defjgf a9\g' /
cfufdL b'O{jif{leq pmhf{ ;\s6 ;dfwfg ug{ ;/sf/ k|lta4 /xg'n] jfl0fHo If]qdf yk cj;/
;[hgf u/]sf] 5=.
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
jfl0fHo If]qsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ u/L lgsf;L k|j4{gdfkm{t\ /fli6o cy{tGqsf] ljsf; /
cfly{s ;d[l4 .
#=@ nIo
cfGtl/s tyf cGt/f{li6o lgof{t Jofkf/ k|j4{g u/L s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf lgof{t
Jofkf/sf] of]ubfg j[l4 ub}{ nfg] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= cfGtl/s tyf cGt/f{li6o lgof{t Jofkf/ k|j4{g ub}{ :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{, ;|f]t, ;fwg
/ ;Lk a9L k|of]u x'g] j:t'sf] lgsf;L k|j4{gdfkm{t\ k|fKt x'g] nfenfO{ u|fdL0f tx;Dd
lj:tf/ ug'{ .
@= t'nfgfTds nfesf j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] d"No / u'0f:t/nfO{ k|lt:kwL{ agfO{ Jofkf/ 3f6f
sd ug'{ .

84 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#=$ /0fgLlt
!= jfl0fHo If]qnfO{ cy{tGqsf] k|d'v ;Defusf] kdf :yflkt ug{ o; If]qnfO{ cy{tGqdf
d"n k|jfxLs/0f ug]{ .
@= jfl0fHo gLlt / g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs[t /0fgLltn] klxrfg u/]sf lgof{t x'g] j:t' tyf
;]jfsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 u/L d"No clej[l4 / d"No z[\vnf Joj:yfkgdf
pRr hf]8 lbFb} lgof{t k|j4{g ug]{ .
#= lgof{t Jofkf/sf nflu klxrfg ul/Psf / ul/g] j:t'sf] b]zut / j:t'ut Jofkf/
ljljwLs/0f ug]{ .
$= jfl0fHo If]qsf] ljBdfg ;+/rgf / cfwf/xsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 / lj:tf/ u/L o;sf]
clwstd pkof]u ug]{ .
#=$= sfo{gLlt
!= lgof{tsf] nflu ;DefJo d'Vod'Vo j:t' / ;]jfsf] lgof{t /0fgLlt tof/ ul/g]5 . -!_
@= lgof{thGo Ifdtfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f u/L cGt/f{li6o ahf/df pRr d"No / sd cfoftg
ePsf j:t' / ;]jfxsf] lgsf;L a9fOg]5 . -!_
#= If]qLo tyf ljZjahf/df g]kfnL j:t', ;]jf / af}l4s ;DklQsf] kx'Fr clej[l4
ul/g]5 . -!_
$= Jofkf/ ;xhLs/0fdf b]lvPsf] a9L ;do / nfutsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{
Jofkf/hGo k|s[ofxnfO{ ;/nLs/0f tyf Jofkf/ s"6gLltnfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f ul/g]5 . -!_
%= pBf]usf] ljsf; / lj:tf/f/f lgof{t k|j4{g ub}{ j:t' / ;]jfsf] ahf/ ljljwLs/0f /
lj:tf/ ug{ jfl0fHo gLlt, @)&@ / g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs[t /0fgLlt, @)&# sfof{Gjog
ul/g]5 . -@_
^= j}b]lzs k|ToIf nufgLnfO{ Jofkfl/s j:t'sf] pTkfbg / /f]huf/L j[l4 ug{ k|f]T;fxg
ul/g]5 . -@_
&= ;fgf / 7"nf lgof{thGo pBf]uxaLr cGt/;DaGw x'g] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ul/g]5 . -@_
*= k|lt:kwf{ k|j4{g;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog Pjd\ cg'udg u/L
cfGtl/s Jofkf/ / cfk"lt{ Joj:yfnfO{ ;xh / k|efjsf/L t'NofOg]5 . -@_
(= ljz]if cfly{s If]qleq nlrnf] >d gLlt / ljz]if ;x'lnotsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= Jofkf/ ;xhLs/0f tyf b]zut / j:t'ut kdf Jofkf/ ljljwLs/0f / lgof{t
k|j4{gdfkm{t\ kf/jxg k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] dfWodaf6 sf/f]af/
nfut 36fOg]5 . -#_
!!= k|lqmofut ;/nLs/0f / ;+:yfut ;'wf/ ub}{ Jofkf/sf] sf/f]af/ nfut 36fpg ljz]if
hf]8 lbOg]5 . -$_

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 85


!@= k/Dk/fut ;Lk / sf}zn ePsf j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] pTkfbgnfO{ ;+/If0f / k|j4{g
ul/g]5 . -$_
!#= cfGtl/s ahf/ tyf j:t' / ;]jfsf] ahf/Ls/0fsf] ;+/rgf / Ifdtf clej[l4
ul/g]5 . -$_
!$= l5d]sL d'n'sx;Fu ePsf kf/jxg / Jofkf/ ;Demf}tfaf6 clwstd nfe lng
;+:yfut Joj:yf tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
b]zut Jofkf/ ljljwLs/0f ePsf] x'g], afXo Jofkf/df pNn]Vo ;'wf/ cfO{ Jofkf/ 3f6fdf
sdL ePsf] x'g], of]hgf cjlwsf] clGtd jif{ s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg;Fu j:t' lgsf;L cg'kft &
k|ltzt / j:t' tyf ;]jf lgsf;Lsf] cg'kft !$ k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g], Jofkf/ 3f6f s'n ufx{:Yo
pTkfbgsf] #@ k|ltztaf6 @% k|ltztdf em/]sf] x'g] tyf jfl0fHo gLlt, @)&@ / g]kfn Jofkf/
PsLs[t /0fgLlt, @)&# sf] sfof{Gjogaf6 Jofkf/d}qL jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ tyf j:t' / ;]jfsf] d"No
clej[l4 >[\vnfdf ;jnLs/0f eO{ d'n'ssf] s'n j:t' lgof{t ?=@ va{ k'u]sf] x'g]5 .

$=@=# cfk"lt{
!= k[i7e"ld
b]zdf gful/sxsf] b}lgs hLjgofkg ug{ cfjZos j:t' Pjd\ ;]jf, vfBfGgsf] Joj:yf,
:jf:Yo pkrf/sf nflu cfjZos cf}ifwL, ;fdu|L / k]6f]lnod kbfy{ cflb ;xh, ;'ne / plrt
d"Nodf pkef]Qmfn] kfpg] Joj:yf ug'{ clt cfjZos x'G5 . /fHon] Psflt/ k|lt:kwL{ / :j:y
ahf/ ;+oGqdfkm{t\ cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;fdflhs Gofo / /fHosf] bfloTj k"/f
ug]{ qmddf cfly{s kn] sdhf]/ ju{sf hgtfnfO{ cTofjZos pkef]Uo j:t'df ;xh kx'Frsf]
jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug'{kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} pkef]Qmfsf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{g ub}{ j:t' tyf
;]jfsf] lgoldt cfk"lt{ ug{' /fHosf] dxjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L xf] .
cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ Nofpg vfBfGg / g'g 9'jfgLdf cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf, vfBfGgh:tf
cTofjZos j:t'xsf] ;~rosf nflu cfjZos Ifdtfsf] uf]bfdsf] Joj:yf, ;8s ;~hfnsf]
lj:tf/, xjfO{ ;]jfsf] lj:tf/, ahf/ cg'udgsf] Joj:yf, lkIfLo / ax'kIfLo Jofkf/ ;Demf}tf,
cfk"lt{ gLlt, @)^( sfof{Gjog, cfjZos P]g lgod / ;+:yfut Joj:yf, lghL If]q;Fu ;xsfo{,
pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g, @)%$ sf] sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 . o:t} g]kfn cfon
lgudn] ?= @ ca{ ^) s/f]8sf] d"No l:y/Ls/0f sf]ifsf] Joj:yf / vl/b d"Nosf cfwf/df :jtM
k]6f]lnod kbfy{sf] d"No ;dfof]hg x'g] k|0ffnL nfu" u/]sf] 5 . plNnlvt Joj:yfx ul/Psf] eP
tfklg ;do;dodf j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{df ;d:of b]vfkg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . vf;u/L aGb,
x8\tfn, ;Ldf gfsfdf cj/f]w, Psflwsf/ k|j[lQ / lkmtnf] cg'udgh:tf sf/0faf6 cfk"lt{
Joj:yfkgdf ;d:ofx b]vfk/]sf 5g\ . csf]{tkm{ vfBfGgsf] dfucg'k pTkfbg gx'g', k]6f]lnod

86 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


kbfy{ tyf Uof;sf] cfGtl/s pTkfbg gx'g', ljB't\sf] dfu a9b} hfg' t/ pTkfbg ;f]cg'k gx'g',
cfk"lt{;DaGwL 5'} sfg'gL Joj:yf gx'g' / ePsf sfg'gxsf] s8fOsf ;fy kfngf u/fpg
g;lsg' o; If]qsf hl6n ;d:ofx x'g\ .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
ahf/sf] lgoldt / k|efjsf/L cg'udg u/L :jR5, k|lt:kwL{ / ;Ifd ahf/ ;+oGqdfkm{t\
cfk"lt{ Joj:yf ;xh agfO{ pkef]Qmfsf] xslxt ;+/If0f ug'{, vfBfGgsf] pTkfbgdf cfPsf] sdL /
pRr d"No j[l4sf sf/0f vfB j:t'sf] ;xh cfk"lt{ agfO/fVg' / /fli6o:t/df vfB ;'/Iffsf]
k|Tofe"lt u/fO/fVg' cfk"lt{sf d'Vo r'gf}tL x'g\ . To:t} ;/sf/L, lghL, ;fd'bflos /
cGt/dGqfno;Fusf] ;dGjodf ck]Iffcg'k pkef]Uo j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{ k|0ffnL ;'b[9 /
k|efjsf/L agfpg', k]6f]lnod kbfy{sf] d"Nodf cfpg] ptf/r9fj, d'b|f:kmLltnufotsf sf/0fn]
OGwg cfk"lt{df sl7gfO pTkGg x'g', Jofj;flos / j}1flgs s[lif k|0ffnL ckgfpg g;Sg', nfdf]
;dob]lv s0ff{nLnufotsf b'u{d lhNnfxdf 9'jfgL cg'bfgdf vfBfGg pknAw u/fOFb} cfPsf]n]
;/sf/dflys} lge{/tf a9\b} hfg' o; If]qsf cGo r'gf}tL x'g\ .
cj;/
:yfgLo:t/df pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fO{ hgtfnfO{ vfBfGg pknAwtfdf cfTdlge{/
agfpg ;lsg], b'u{d If]qdf :yfgLo pTkfbg pkef]u ug{] afgL a;fnL vfBfGg k/lge{/tfnfO{
qmdzM sd ub{} n}hfg cfxf/ kl/jt{g;DaGwL 7f]; sfo{qmd ;~rfng / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg],
k]6f]lnod kbfy{sf] cfoftsf] >f]t / ljt/0f k|0ffnL ljljwLs[t ug{ ;lsg], hnljB't\sf] pTkfbg
j[l4af6 k]6f]lnodsf] cfoft 36fpg ;lsg], j}1flgs s[lif k|0ffnLsf] cjnDag u/L pTkfbg
a9fpg ;xh x'g]h:tf ljifox o; If]qsf cj;/ x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
u'0f:t/o'Qm pkef]Uo j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] ;xh / ;j{;'ne cfk"lt{ x'g] jftfj/0fsf]
;'lglZrttf;lxt pkef]Qmfsf] xs / lxtsf] ;+/If0f .
#=@ nIo
u'0f:t/o'Qm pkef]Uo j:t' tyf ;]jf ;j{;'ne 9\un] ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ cfk"lt{
Joj:yf a9L k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= pkef]Qmfsf] xslxt ;+/If0f ub}{ b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t' tyf ;]jf lgoldt / ;xh kdf
cfk"lt{ x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg' .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 87


@= ahf/ k|0ffnLnfO{ k|lt:kwL{ / pkef]Qmfk|lt lhDd]jf/ t'NofpFb} ljkb\sf] ;dodf ;d]t
pkef]Uo j:t'sf] cfk"lt{ x'g] Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ug'{ .
#= cfk"lt{ Joj:yfnfO{ lbuf], ;'lglZrt, u'0f:t/Lo / k|efjsf/L agfpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] ;xh cfk"lt{sf] nflu ;/sf/L, lghL, ;fd'bflos / ;xsf/L
;+:yfxaLr k|efjsf/L ;dGjo ug]{ .
@= nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHosf] cjwf/0ffcg'k gLltut tyf ;+/rgfut ;'wf/ u/L cfwf/e"t
j:t' / ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
#= b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t' tyf ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg lgoldt kdf ahf/ cg'udg
u/L cfjZoscg';f/ ahf/ x:tIf]k ug]{ .
$= ljkb\sf] ;dodf klg j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{ ;xh agfpg ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; /
lj:tf/ ug]{ tyf e08f/0f Ifdtfsf] j[l4 ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf j:t'x vf;u/L vfBfGg, k]6f]lnod kbfy{, cf}ifwLnufotsf
j:t'xsf] pTkfbg, e08f/0f / ljt/0f Ifddtf clej[l4 u/L cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ;xh
Pjd\ ;'ne t'NofOg]5 . -!_
@= :yfgLo:t/df vfBfGg pTkfbg j[l4 tyf vfB cfgLafgLdf kl/jt{g Nofpg cfxf/
kl/jt{g sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -!_
#= k|lqmofut ;/nLs/0f / ;+:yfut ;'wf/dfkm{t\ Jofkf/sf] sf/f]af/ nfut 36fpg ljz]if
hf]8 lbOg]5 . -@_
$= k|lt:kwf{ k|j4{g tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjog Pjd\ cg'udg u/L cfGtl/s Jofkf/ / cfk"lt{ Joj:yfnfO{ ;xh /
k|efjsf/L t'NofOg]5 . -@_
%= If]qut klxrfgsf] ljz]if pTkfbgxnfO{ ahf/ kx'Fr k'ofpgsf nflu ;xhLs/0f
ul/g]5 . -@_
^= s0ff{nLnufot b'u{d If]qxdf vfBfGGgdf cfTdlge{/ agfpgsf] nflu PsLs[t sfo{qmd
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
&= ;xh cfoftdfkm{t\ j:t' / ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{ Joj:yf ug{ Jofkf/ ljljwLs/0fdf hf]8
lbOg]5 . -@_
*= cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfoxnfO{ s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLotx;Dd ;an
agfOg]5 . -@_
(= Go"g cfo ju{sf] lxt ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu ;fj{hlgs cfk"lt{ k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'ne, kf/bzL{
/ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -@_

88 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


!)= pkef]Qmf hfu/0f tyf ;zQmLs/0f sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf ;~rfng
ul/g]5 . -#_
!!= ahf/ cg'udgdf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u a9fOg]5 . -#_
!@= vfBfGg, cf}iflw / k]6f]lnod kbfy{sf] ;\s6sfnLg df}Hbft sfod ul/g'sf ;fy} o:tf
j:t'xsf] e08f/0f Ifdtf a9fpFb} nlug]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
b'u{d If]qdf sDtLdf ^) xhf/ d]=6g -k|To]s jif{ Go"gtd @) xhf/ d]=6g_ vfBfGg /
d'n'se/ @! xhf/ d]=6g -k|ltjif{ Go"gtd & xhf/ d]=6g_ cfof]l8go'Qm g'g 9'jfgL ePsf] x'g],
vfBfGg 9'jfgL cg'bfg lbg] lhNnfxsf] ;\Vof k'gj/fnf]sg eO{ sfof{Gjog ePsf] x'g], /fli6o
vfB ;'/Iff e08f/df @%,))) d]=6g tyf ;fs{ vfB ;'/Iff a}+sdf *,))) d]=6g vfBfGg ;'/lIft
ePsf] x'g], k]6f]lnod kbfy{ e08f/0f Ifdtf a9fO{ () lbg;Ddsf] cfjZostf wfGg ;Sg] u/L
e08f/0f Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{ ;'? ePsf] x'g] / ul/a tyf lgDgcfo ePsf kl/jf/xsf nflu
;'ky d"Nodf j:t' tyf ;]jf pkef]u ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ePsf] x'g]5 .

$=@=$ ko{6g
!= k[i7e"ld
k|fs[lts, ;f+:s[lts, ;fxl;s, P]ltxfl;s tyf wfld{s b[li6af6 g]kfn ljZjs} Ps k|d'v
ko{6sLo uGtJo b]z xf] . ko{6sLo uGtJoxsf] ljljwLs/0f ub}{ gofF ko{6sLo :yn /
pkhxsf] klxrfg, ljsf; tyf ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/xsf] ljsf; u/L ko{6g pBf]unfO{ /fli6o
cy{tGqsf] Ps k|d'v cfwf/sf] kdf ljsf; ug{ h/L 5 . ko{6g k|j4{gsf] dfWodaf6
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/df j[l4 u/L u/LaL Go"gLs/0f ub}{ hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ ug{' cfjZos 5 .
l5d]sL d'n'sxsf] dWod cfo ePsf] 7"nf] hg;\Vof / pRr cfly{s j[l4af6 l;lh{t
cj;/af6 nfe k|fKt u/L g]kfndf ko{6g cfudg "tt/ kdf j[l4 x'g] /fd|f] ;Defjgf /x]sf]
5 . o;af6 pRr /f]huf/L l;h{gf / cfosf] ljt/0fdf klg ;xof]u k'Ug]5 .
ko{6g If]qsf] cy{tGqdf of]ubfg a9\g ;Sg] cj:yf /x] tfklg ko{6gaf6 cfzftLt k|ltkmn
k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . vf;u/L ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; gx'g', /fhg}lts ;\qmd0f nlDag', ut;fn
uPsf] e"sDksf sf/0f ;f+:s[lts / ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/df Iflt k'Ug hfg'h:tf sf/0fn] ko{6g
cfudg, a;fO / pgLxn] ug]{ vr{df pNn]vgLo j[l4 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljutdf ;/sf/n] ko{6g
If]qsf] ljsf;sf] nflu u/]sf] k|of; :jk ko{6s cfudg ;\Vof, ko{6ssf] a;fO cjlw, ko{6g
If]qdf k|ToIf /f]huf/L a[l4 x'g'sf ;fy} ko{6g If]qaf6 x'g] ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{g qmdzM a9b} uPsf]
cj:yf 5 .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 89


@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
ljgfzsf/L e"sDk tyf To;kl5sf k/sDkaf6 d'n'sdf ko{6sLo uGtJo tyf k'/ftflTjs
;Dkbfxdf ePsf] IfltnfO{ k'glg{df{0fsf] dfWodaf6 d'n'ssf] ko{6g If]qnfO{ k"jf{j:yfdf kmsf{pg'
o; If]qsf] k|d'v r'gf}tL xf] . o:t} e"sDk tyf cfk"lt{ cj/f]waf6 cGt/f{li6o hutdf g]kfnsf]
ko{6g If]qdf k/]sf] gsf/fTds k|efjnfO{ k|j4{g tyf ahf/Ls/0fsf] dfWodaf6 lg/fs/0f ub}{ o;
If]qsf] k'g/f]Tyfg ug'{, k|frLg ;Dkbfxdf a9\bf] cltqmd0fnfO{ /f]Sg', kof{Kt ko{6sLo ;"rgfsf]
Joj:yf ug'{, xjfO{ ;]jfnfO{ yk e/kbf]{ agfpg', ko{6g If]qaf6 k|fKt nfesf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f
tyf gofF ko{6sLo uGtJo:ynxsf] vf]hL;Fu} k"jf{wf/ ljsf;dfkm{t\ ko{6sLo pkhsf] ljsf;
u/L ko{6sLo ;]jf tyf uGtJosf] ljljwLs/0f ug{' ;d]t r'gf}tLsf] kdf /x]]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
d'n'sdf cltLo ko{6sLo If]qx /xg', ko{6sLo If]qdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; x'Fb} hfg', l5d]sL
/fi6xsf] pRr cfly{s j[l4af6 tL /fi6xdf dWod cfoju{sf] j[l4 tLj| x'Fb} uPsf] kmn:jk
tL d'n'sxaf6 g]kfn cfpg] ko{6sxsf] ;\Vof a9\b} hfg', ko{6g k"jf{wf/ j[l4df ;/sf/sf]
hf]8 /xg' / lghL If]qsf] ko{6g If]qdf nufgL j[l4 x'g' o; If]qsf] ljsf;sf] cj;/sf kdf
/x]sf 5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu ko{6g ljsf; .
#=@ nIo
ko{6g If]qsf] ljsf;dfkm{t\ cfly{s j[l4 / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ clej[l4 ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= b]znfO{ cfsif{s tyf yk ;'/lIft uGtJosf] kdf ljsf; u/L ko{6g cfudgdf
pNn]vgLo j[l4 u/L hgtfsf] cfo:t/df j[l4 ug'{ .
@= ko{6sLo uGtJo :yn tyf pkhdf ljljwLs/0f / ljsf; ug'{ .
# g]kfnsf k|d'v ko{6sLo pkhxsf] ahf/Ls/0f tyf k|j4{g ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
! ko{6g k|j{4g / ko{6g ljsf; ug{ ;fj{hlgs, lghL, ;xsf/L / ;fd'bflos If]q;Fu
;fem]bf/L Pjd\ ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
@ u|fdL0f ko{6gdfkm{t o; If]qsf nfenfO{ hg:t/;Dd k'ofpg] .
# d'n'sdf ;a} df};ddf ko{6sLo lqmofsnfkx ;~rfngsf nflu cfGtl/s ko{6gnfO{
k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
90 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq
$ :yflkt tyf gofF ko{6sLo uGtJo:ynxsf] PsLs[t / ;dGjofTds kdf k"jf{wf/
ljsf;
ug]{ / ko{6g If]qsf] ljsf; / ljljwLs/0f ug{ j}b]lzs nufgL cfslif{t ug]{ .
#=%= sfo{gLlt
!= k|d'v ko{6sLo :ynx;Dd ;xh kx'Fr agfpg ko{6g kbdfu{dfkm{t PsLs[t
ko{6sLo / dgf]/~hg :yn lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngdf lghLIf]qsf] nufgL k|f]T;fxg
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df :yfgLo lgsfo, :yfgLo ;d'bfo tyf lghLIf]qsf] g]t[TjbfoL
e"ldsf / ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . -!_
#= kof{ko{6g tyf s[lif ko{6gnfO{ k|j4{g u/L ko{6g If]qnfO{ yk jftfj/0fd}qL
agfOg]5 . -!_
$= k|:tfljt /fli6o ko{6g /0fgLlt of]hgf -;g\ @)!^@)@^_ sf] sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -!_
%= ;fxl;s ko{6ssf] cfudgdf clej[l4 ug{ kbdfu{sf] pko'Qmtfsf] cfwf/df cfjZos
k"jf{wf/;lxt :yfgsf] klxrfg / ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_
^= k|To]s k|b]zdf Pp6fPp6f ko{6s uGtJo:yn tf]sL pQm uGtJosf] nflu k"jf{wf/
ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_
&= ko{6g If]qaf6 k|fKt x'g] nfenfO{ Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ug{;d]t ko{6sLo uGtJo:ynsf]
ljljwLs/0f ul/g]5 . -#_
*= g]kfnnfO{ cfsif{s uGtJo:ynsf] kdf :yflkt ug{ ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL s"6gLlts
lgof]u tyf u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;\3;+:yfnfO{ kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
(= k|ltko{6s vr{ j[l4sf nflu ko{6ssf] a;fO cjlw nDAofpg] / o;sf nflu ko{6sLo
;]jf ;'ljwf tyf ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt a9fpg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -#_
!)= ko{6g k|j4{g ug{ l5d]sL d'n'sx tyf gofF ko{6g uGtJo:ynxsf] Jofks kdf
k|rf/ Pjd\ k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -#_
!!= k|d'v ko{6sLo If]qxdf ljkb\ tyf hnjfo'hGo k|sf]ksf 36gfx klxrfg ug]{ tyf
ljkb\ / hnjfo'hGo hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f Pjd\ k"j{ tof/L of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog
ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= ;fxl;s ko{6gsf] lbuf] ljsf; ug{ kj{tf/f]x0fnfO{ yk Jojl:yt / jftfj/0fd}qL
agfOg]5 . -$_
!#= ko{6g If]qsf] nfenfO{ u|fdL0f tx;Dd k'ofpg xf]d:6]nfO{ Ps k|d'v dfWodsf] kdf
ljsf; ul/g]5 . -$_
!$= wfld{s k|lti7fgxsf] k|j4{g ub{}{ ;a} hfthfltsf] /Lltl/jfh k/Dk/f cflb emNsg] u/L
/fli6o:t/sf] ;f+:s[lts ;\u|xfno lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -$_

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 91


!%= g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] Joj:yfksLo ;'wf/ ub}{ yk k|d'v cGt/f{li6o ko{6g
ahf/;Dd kx'Fr :yflkt ul/g]5 . -$_
!^= xjfO{ ;'/Iff Joj:yfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ :yfgLo df};dsf] ljj/0f kfpg] Joj:yf, xjfO{
;'/Iffsf] cg'udg, ljleGg ljdfg:ynxdf cfkt\sfnLg cjt/0f ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf
cflb ul/g]5 . -$_
!&= lj=;+= @)&# nfO{ cfGtl/s e|d0f jif{ / ;g\ @)!* nfO{ g]kfn e|d0f jif{ sf] kdf
dgfOg]5 . -$_
!*= l5d]sL d'n'sxnfO{ s]lGt u/L lghLIf]q;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ko{6g k|j4{gfTds
sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -$_
!( ko{6g k|j4{g ug{ l5d]sL d'n'sx tyf gofF ko{6g uGtJo:ynxsf] Jofks kdf
k|rf/ Pjd\ k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
of]hgf cjlwsf] clGtd jif{df ljb]zL ko{6g cfudg ;\Vof !@ nfv k'u]sf] x'g], ljb]zL
ko{6sxsf] ;/b/ a;fO cjlw !% lbg k'u]sf] x'g], ljb]zL ko{6sxsf] ;/b/ b}lgs vr{ ^)
cd]l/sL 8n/ k'u]sf] x'g], ko{6g If]qaf6 ! nfv !) xhf/ hgfnfO{ yk k|ToIf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/
k|fKt ePsf] x'g] / b]zsf] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf ko{6g If]qsf] of]ubfg $ k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g]5 .

$=# cfly{s s"6gLlt tyf ljsf;


!= k[i7e"ld
ljsf;sf ;femf r'gf}tLxsf] ;fdgf ug{, Jofkf/ tyf nufgL k|j4{g ug{ ;femf k"jf{wf/
ljsf; ug{, hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng ug{, cft\sjfb / ;?jf /f]u lgoGq0f ug{ d'n'sxaLr
k/:k/ ;xsfo{ h?/L ePsf] 5 . o; kl/j]zdf cGt/f{li6o ;DaGwsf] Ps k|d'v cfwf/sf] kdf
ljsf; x'Fb} uPsf] cfly{s s"6gLltdf ;/sf/L, lghL / u}/;/sf/L If]qsf] e"ldsf plQs} dxjk"0f{
/x]sf] x'G5 . g]kfnn] ljsf; s"6gLltsf] l;nl;nfdf ax'kIfLo / lkIfLo w]/} d'n'sx;Fu Jofkf/,
nufgL tyf >d ;Demf}tfx u/]sf] 5 eg] cGt/f{li6o ;+:yfx;Fu ljsf; ;fem]bf/L klg cl3
a9]sf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
Jofkf/, nufgL, ;xfotf / k|ljlw x:tfGt/0fnfO{ k|j4{g ug'{, k|fyldstfsf If]qdf ljsf;
;xfotfsf] clwstd kl/rfng x'g', k/:k/ lge{/tfsf] cj:yfaf/] a'emfO/fVg', cfGtl/s ;dGjo
tyf ;fwg ;|f]tsf] pRrtd pkof]u ug{ Ifdtf ljsf; ug{' / ljsf;df Go"gtd ;femf ;dembf/L
ljsf; ug{' r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf 5g\ .

92 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


cj;/
gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L ePkZrft\ aGb} uPsf] cGt/f{li6o ;sf/fTds jftfj/0f, g]kfnk|ltsf]
cGt/f{li6o hutsf] ;b\efj, g]kfnn] lkIfLo, If]qLo tyf ax'kIfLo ;Demf}tfxaf6 xfl;n u/]sf]
cGt/f{li6o ahf/df ;xh k|j]z, k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg tyf e"cjl:yltaf6 l;lh{t If]qLo ahf/
;Defjgf, ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnL hgzlQmsf] ;Lk, Ifdtf / cg'ej tyf ljk|]if0fsf] ljsf;df
clwstd kl/rfng o; If]qsf cj;/ x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;'b[9 cfly{s s"6gLltsf dfWodaf6 cfTdlge{/ / :jfwLg cy{tGq lgdf{0f .
#=@ nIo
cGt/f{li6o ;fem]bf/L, ;xsfo{ tyf s"6gLlts lgof]u kl/rfng u/L cfly{s ljsf;sf nIo
xfl;n ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
Jofkf/, nufgL, ko{6g tyf /f]huf/L k|j4{g ug{ cGt/f{li6o, If]qLo / lkIfLo ;DaGw ;'b[9
ug{' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= s"6gLlts ;+oGq, cGt/f{li6o ;Demf}tf / g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] kl/rfng u/L lgof{t
lj:tf/, j}b]lzs nufgL tyf k|ljlw kl/rfng Pjd\ ko{6g ljsf; ug]{ .
@= j}b]lzs /f]huf/LnfO{ Jojl:yt, dof{lbt / pTkfbgzLn agfpg] .
#= If]qLo cGtlge{/tf ljsf; ub}{ /fli6o k|fyldstfsf If]qdf j}b]lzs nufgL / ljsf;
;xof]u kl/rfng ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= g]kfnL pTkfbgsf] ahf/ lj:tf/sf nflu ax'kIfLo tyf lkIfLo ;Demf}tfxaf6
pknAw eG;f/ / kl/df0f;Ldflagfsf ;'ljwfxsf] pkof]u ub}{ lgof{t ahf/ lj:tf/
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= hn;|f]t, pBf]u, ef}lts k"jf{wf/, ko{6gnufotsf k|fyldstf If]qdf j}b]lzs nufgL
a9fpg s"6gLlts ;DaGw kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
#= l5d]sL ldq /fi6xsf] ;xof]u / ;xsfo{df g]kfndf nufgL, ;|f]t d'n's nlIft ko{6g
clej[l4 tyf g]kfnL pTkfbgsf] ahf/ k|j4{gdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . -!_
$= pNn]Vo ;\Vofdf g]kfnLx /x]sf d'n'sxnfO{ g]kfnL pTkfbgsf] ahf/ lj:tf/sf
nflu k|j]z laGb'sf] kdf pkof]u ul/g]5 . -!_
%= cfof]hgf a}+s :yfkgf u/L j}b]lzs nufgL k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -!_

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 93


^= ljk|]if0fsf] pTkfbgd"ns k|of]u tyf ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnLxsf] ;Lk, Ifdtf /
cg'ejnfO{ ljsf; lgdf{0fdf pkof]u ug{ s"6gLlts lgof]ux kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
&= uGtJo d'n'sx;Fu lkIfLo ;Demf}tf ub}{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/LnfO{ yk ;'/lIft / dof{lbt
agfOg]5 . -@_
*= g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt / k|fs[lts ;fwg;|f]tsf] ax'cfoflds tyf l5d]sL ldq
/fi6x;Fusf] cGt/lge{tf clej[l4 x'g]u/L pkof]u ul/g]5 . -#_
(= s"6gLlts / /0fgLlts kdf pko'Qm ljsf; ;xof]unfO{ Psf/ k|0ffnLcg';f/ ;/sf/L
;+oGqdfkm{t\ /fli6o k|fyldstf If]qdf s]lGt ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
cfly{s s"6gLlt ;an / ;'b[9 eO{ pRr cfly{s j[l4, cfly{s;fdflhs ljsf; / :jfwLg
Pjd\ cfTdlge{/ cy{tGq lgdf{0fdf ;3fp k'u]sf] x'g]5 .

$=$ ;fdflhs ljsf;


$=$=! hg;\Vof
!= k[i7e"ld
hg;\Vofsf] pRr j[l4b/, lszf]/lszf]/L tyf o'jfsf] afx'Notf, j[4j[4fsf] ;\Vofdf qmdzM
a9f]Q/L, ef}uf]lns kdf hg;\Vofsf] c;dfg ljt/0f g]kfnsf] hg;\Vofsf d'Vo ljz]iftfx
x'g\ . s'n hg;\Vofdf !% b]lv %( jif{;Ddsf jo:sx %& k|ltzt / ^) jif{dflysf Ho]i7
gful/s *=! k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . hg;\Vof / :jf:Yo If]qdf ljutdf ;~rfng ul/Psf
sfo{qmdxsf] kmn:jk o; If]qdf lgs} k|ult ePsf] 5 . s'n k|hgg b/df sdL cfO{ @=% x'g
uPsf] 5 . o:t} ck]lIft cfo' -hGd]sf] ;dodf_ &! jif{ k'u]sf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;x/L If]q / ;x/f]Gd'v If]qxdf s'n k|hggb/df sdL cfP tfklg b'u{d u|fdL0f If]qxdf
o:tf] b/ cem} klg pRr /xg', u|fdL0f If]qdf kl/jf/ lgof]hg tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfx ;Gtf]ifhgs
gx'g', cfGtl/s tyf afXo a;fOF;/fO pRr x'g', hg;\Vofdf ^) jif{ / ;f]eGbfdflysf] cfl>t
hg;\Vofsf] cg'kft a9\b} hfg', pRr cfGtl/s a;fOF;/fOsf] sf/0f ;x/Ls/0f cJojl:yt aGb}
hfg' cflb sf/0fn] hg;\Vof Joj:yfkg r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .
cj;/
s'n hg;\Vofdf !% b]lv %( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf jo:ssf] k|ltzt pRr /xL hg;fl\Vos
nfe k|fKt x'g yfn]sfn] b]zsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df of]ubfg k'ofpg ;Sg] cj:yf

94 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


l;h{gf x'g', hg;\Vof Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt :jf:Yo ;]jfx lj:tf/ x'g', kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf
;fwgxsf] k|of]ustf{ a9\b} hfg', dlxnfsf] z}lIfs:t/df pNn]vgLo kdf j[l4 x'g', ;fgf]
kl/jf/sf] dxjaf/]df hgr]tgf clej[l4 x'g', hg;\Vof Joj:yfkg;DaGwdf /fli6o hg;\Vof
gLlt, @)&! th'{df eO{ sfof{Gjogdf /xg' cflb sf/0fxn] ubf{ hg;\Vofsf] plrt Joj:yfkg
ug{ ;3fp k'Ug] cj;/ l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
hg;\Vof, jftfj/0f / ljsf;aLr ;fdGh:otf sfod u/L lbuf] ljsf;sf dfWodaf6
hLjg:t/df u'0f:t/Lo ;'wf/ .
#=@ nIo
hg;\Vof Joj:yfkg / k|hgg :jf:Yo sfo{qmdx ;~rfng u/L hg;\Vof / cfly{s tyf
;fdflhs ljsf;aLr ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= hg;\Vof, ljsf; / jftfj/0faLr tfbfDotf sfod u/L hg;\VofnfO{ ;du|
ljsf;sf] cleGg c\usf] kdf Joj:yfkg ug'{ .
@= cfGtl/s a;fOF;/fOsf] Joj:yfkg ub}{ ;x/Ls/0fnfO{ Jojl:yt ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= hg;\VofnfO{ ;du| ljsf;sf] cleGg c\usf kdf lnFb} ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfoxaLrsf] ;dGjodf hg;\Vof Joj:yfkgsf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ug]{ .
@= u|fdL0f If]qdf k"jf{wf/ lj:tf/ u/L cfGtl/s a;fOF;/fOnfO{ sd ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;fgf] / u'0f:t/Lo kl/jf/nfO{ k|j4{g ug{ hg;\Vof, k|hgg :jf:Yo / lzz' tyf
afn:jf:Yo;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -!_
@= kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgsf] k|of]u, k|hgg :jf:Yo / lzz' tyf afn:jf:Yo;DaGwL
sfo{qmdx k|efjsf/L kdf ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
#= hg;\Vof, ljsf; / jftfj/0faLrsf] cGt/;DaGwaf/]df cWoog, cg';Gwfg /
ljZn]if0f u/L o;;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f / sfo{qmd th'{dfsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfoxnfO{ k[i7kf]if0f ul/g]5 . -!_
$= u|fdL0f;x/L cfa4tfdfkm{t\ ljsf;sf cj;/x ufpF;Dd k'ofpg'sf ;fy} u|fdL0f
If]qdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 95


%= dWokxf8L -k'iknfn_ nf]sdfu{ tyf x'nfsL /fhdfu{ cf;kf;df !)!) cf]6f ;x/x
/ cGo :yfgdf klg ;x/x lj:tf/ u/L cfGtl/s a;fOF;/fOnfO{ Jojl:yt
ul/g]5 . -@_
^= cfGtl/s a;fOF;/fOsf] sf/0f cJojl:yt aGb} uPsf ;x/xsf] Jojl:yt ljsf; ug{
cGo ;Da4 lgsfox;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 . -@_
&= lxdfnL tyf kxf8L If]qsf kl/jf/sf] cfo j[l4 ug{ t/sf/L, kmnkm"n, gub]jfnL,
kz'kG5L kfng, ko{6g / h8La'6L v]tLdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . -@_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
s'n k|hgg b/df sdL cfPsf] x'g], kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgxsf] k|of]ustf{sf] cg'kft
a9]sf] x'g], cfGtl/s a;fOF;/fO s]xL xb;Dd Jojl:Yft ePsf] x'g] / hg;\Vof, ljsf; Pjd\
jftfj/0faLrsf] cGt/;DaGwaf/]df cWoog, cg';Gwfg ePsf] x'g]5 .

$=$=@ ;+:s[lt
!= k[i7e"ld
ljleGg hfthflt, efiff, e]ife'iff, /xg ;xgsf dflg;xsf] a;f]jf; /x]sf] g]kfn
P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftflTjs / ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] Ps ;d[4 /fi6 xf] . /fli6o ;+:s[ltnfO{ ljsf; u/L
o;nfO{ /fli6o Pstf ;anLs/0f ug]{ dfWod agfpg' cfjZos 5 . To:t} k/Dk/fut ;+:s[ltnfO{
hu]gf{ ub}{ Pjd\ df}lns :jkdf kl/jt{g gx'g] u/L ;dofg's"n kl/dfh{g ub}{ o;nfO{ efjL
k':tfxnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{ cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . kz'klt, n'lDagL, a[xQ/ hgsk'/ ljsf;
If]qnufotsf ljleGg dxjk"0f{ wfld{s, k'/ftflTjs Pjd\ P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbfxsf] ;+/If0f tyf
;+j{4g ug]{ sfo{ lg/Gt/ kdf eO/x]sf] 5 . @)&@ ;fn j}zfv !@ ut] uPsf] 7"nf] e"sDk /
To;kl5 uPsf k/sDkxsf] sf/0f w]/}h;f] o:tf dxjk"0f{ ;Dkbfxsf] Iflt ePsf] 5 . ljZj
;Dkbf ;"rLdf k/]sf o:tf dxjk"0f{ ;Dkbfx Pjd\ cGo ;Dkbfxsf] k'glg{df{0f, ;+/If0f ;fy}
pko'Qm Joj:yfkg ub}{ n}hfg' cfjZos 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
k|fs[lts k|sf]k, a9\bf] ;x/Ls/0f / e"ldsf] pRr d"Noj[l4sf sf/0f k|frLg ;Dkbfxsf]
cltqmd0f a9\b} uPsf] x'gfn] ;Dkbfxsf] df}lnskg hf]ufO/fVg g;Sg'', d"t{ tyf cd"t{ ;f+:s[lts
;Dkbf;DaGwL /fli6o sfg'g tyf cGt/f{li6o dxf;lGwxsf] sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L gx'g',
logLxsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu oy]i6 cfly{s ;|f]t pknAw gx'g', lghL ;\sngdf /x]sf ;Dkbfxsf]
cflwsfl/s kdf ;"rLs/0f x'g g;Sg' h:tf r'gf}tLx o; If]qdf /x]sf 5g\ .

96 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


cj;/
;f+:s[lts ljljwtf /x]sf], wfld{s, k'/ftflTjs Pjd\ P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbfxsf] ;+/If0f tyf
;+j4{gdf hg;xeflutfdf j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf], ljljwtfdf Pstf g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljz]iftf eGg]
tYonfO{ ;f+:s[lts ;'Gb/tfsf] kdf cufl8 a9fpFb} /fli6o PstfnfO{ dha't kfb}{ n}hfg'kg]{
cfjZostfsf] af]w x'Fb} uPsf], ;fdflhs ;';DaGwdf cfwfl/t ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{, ;Dkbfx /
snf ;flxTosf] ;+/If0f PJf+ ljsf; ug]{ ;+j}wflgs k|lta4tf cflb o; If]qsf ljsf;sf nflu
cj;/ x'g\ . oL ;Dkbfxdfkm{t\ /fi6sf cfly{s, ;fdflhs vf;u/L ko{6g If]qsf] ljsf;df
pNn]Vo of]ubfg k'ofpFb} ljZjdf g]kfnnfO{ lrgfpg] cj;/ klg k|fKt 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
ax'n ;+:s[lt Pjd\ ;Dkbfxsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g / ;f+:s[lts ;';DaGwdf cfwfl/t ;dfhsf]
lgdf{0f .
#=@ nIo
!= wfld{s, k'/ftflTjs tyf P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbfxsf] k'glg{df{0f u/L ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug]{ .
@= df}lns ;+:s[ltxsf] hu]gf{ ub}{ ;f+:s[lts ko{6gsf] k|j4{g ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= g]kfnsf ;a} hflt;d'bfoxsf] cfcf gf] df}lns ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/fxsf] hu]gf{ u/L
g]kfnsf] ;f+:s[lts klxrfgsf] ;+j4{g ug'{ .
@= e"sDknufotsf k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 Ifltu|:t P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftflTjs / ;f+:s[lts
;Dkbfsf] k'glg{df{0f / ;+/If0f ug'{ .
#= efiff, ;flxTo, ;\uLt tyf gf6\osnf / nlntsnf If]qsf] ;+/If0f tyf ljsf; ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ;a} ;d'bfosf] wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts d"No dfGotfxsf] ;Ddfg ug]{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf
ug]{ .
@= Ifltu|:t P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftflTjs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfxsf] k'glg{df{0f ub}{ logLxsf]
;+/If0f, ljsf; / k|j4{g ug]{ .
#= wfld{s Pjd\ ;f+:s[lts ko{6g k|j4{g ug]{ .
$= d"Tf{ tyf cd"t{ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfxsf] cGj]if0f, cg';Gwfg Pjd\ ;+/If0f / k|j4{g ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;a} ;d'bfon] Ps csf{sf wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts ;Dkfbfxk|lt ;Ddfg bzf{pg] / cfgf]
wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] cfkm}F ;+/If0f / k|j4{g u/fpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 97


@= ;+:s[lt If]qdf /fi6n] u/]sf cGt/f{li6o k|lta4tf, ;lGw;Demf}tf tyf cg'df]bgnfO{
k|efjsf/L kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ nufgL clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ;+:s[lt;Fu ;DalGwt P]g, sfg'gnfO{ ;do;fk]If ;'wf/ tyf kl/dfh{g ug]{ Pjd\
cfjZostfcg';f/ gofF lgdf{0f ub}{ nlug]5 .-!_
$= ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf k/]sf If]qsf] plrt ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug'{sf ;fy} cGo ;Defljt
:ynnfO{ ;d]t ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;dfj]z u/fOg]5 .-!_
%= e"sDknufot k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 Ifltu|:t P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftflTjs, ;f+:s[lts tyf
wfld{s ;Dkbfxsf] k'glg{df{0f ul/g]5 . -@_
^ wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, P]ltxfl;s Pjd\ k'/ftflTjs dxjsf ;Dkbf:ynxsf] lbuf] ljsf;
Pjd\ Joj:yfkgsf nflu u'?of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ub}{ nlug]5 . -@_
&= kGb]xL, slknj:t' / gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf eujfg a'4;Fu ;DalGwt :ynxnfO{
a'l4i6 ;ls{6sf] cjwf/0ffcg'k u'?of]hgf tof/ u/L ljsf; ul/g]5 -#_
*= kz'kltgfy, n'lDagL, hgsk'/, d'lQmgfynufotsf wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo If]qxsf]
cGTf/f{li6o:t/df k|rf/k|;f/ tyf k|j4{g ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbOg]5 -#_
(= ljleGg wfld{s ;Dkbf Pjd\ tLy{:ynxnfO{ cfTdlgEf{/ agfpg tL If]qdf p7\g]
e]6L3f6Lnufot ;|f]txsf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug{ cfjZos sfg'gL Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -#_
!)= b]zleq /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ d"t{ tyf cd"t{ ;f+:s[lts ;DkbfxnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ tyf ;\3Lo,
k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo lgsfosf] sfo{If]qcg'k juL{s/0f ul/g]5 . -$_
!!= gful/s, k|fl1s ;d'bfo;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf d"t{ tyf cd"t{ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfxsf]
cGj]if0f, cg';Gwfg,+ ;+/If0f tyf k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -$_
!@= nf]kf]Gd'v efiff, ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;+/If0f ul/g]5 . -$_
!#= efiff, ;flxTo, snf tyf ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f tyf k|j4{g ug{ ;DalGwt k|lti7fgxsf]
;'b[9Ls/0f ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
b]zleqsf ;Dk"0f{ ;d'bfoxsf] ;+:s[ltsf] j}1flgs tl/sfaf6 ;"rLs/0f / nf]kf]Gd'v
;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfxsf] hu]gf{ ePsf] x'g], k'/ftflTjs, wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfxsf] ;+/If0f
ug]{ sfo{df :yfgLo lgsfoxsf] :jfldTj / ckgTj j[l4 ePsf] x'g], ;f+:s[lts ;dfj]zLs/0f tyf
k'/ftflTjs Pjd\ P]ltxfl;s dxjsf ;Dkbfxsf] ;+/If0f, k'glg{df{0f Pjd\ lh0ff]{f/ ePsf] x'g],
wfld{s;f+:s[lts ko{6gsf] ljsf; ePsf] x'g], ljleGg efiff wd{, ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx, k/Dk/fx
tyf ;flxTo, snf, /Lltl/jfhxsf] ;+/If0f / k|rf/k|;f/ ePsf] x'g] / k|ltlnlk clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f
ePsf] x'g]5 .

98 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


$=$=# lzIff
!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] lzIff;DaGwL xsnfO{ df}lns xssf kdf k|Tofe"t u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L
/fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtdf lzIffnfO{ gful/ssf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] kdf juL{s/0f u/L ;a}
gful/snfO{ lzIffsf] cj;/ pknAw u/fpg' /fHosf] bfloTj /xsf] ljifo k|i6 kfl/Psf] 5 .
g]kfnnfO{ cNkljsl;t /fi6xsf] ;"rLaf6 d'Qm u/fO{ ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6sf] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z
u/fpg Pjd\ lbuf] ljsf;sf nIocg'k ;dfj]zL / ;dGofodf cfwfl/t lzIff ;a}df
k'ofpg;d]t lzIff If]qsf] ljsf; ckl/xfo{ 5 .
lzIff k|0ffnLnfO{ cfly{s ;fdflhs kfGt/0fsf] ;+jfxssf] kdf ljsf; ug]{, ;a} tx Pjd\
ljwfsf] lzIffdf ;dtfd"ns kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{, lzIffnfO{ /f]huf/L pGd'v agfpg], u'0f:t/df
;'wf/ Pjd\ Joj:yfksLo Ifdtfdf clej[l4 u/L cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nIox xfl;n
ug]{tkm{ lzIff gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx pGd'v /x]sf 5g\ . cfly{s jif{ @)&@.&# ;Dddf sIff
Psdf afnlasf;sf] cg'ej;lxt egf{ x'gcfpg] afnaflnsf ^@=$ k|ltzt k'u]sf], k|fylds tx
-!%_ sf] v'b egf{ b/ (^=^ k|ltzt, cfwf/e"t tx -!*_ sf] v'b egf{ b/ *(=$ k|ltzt tyf
dfWolds tx -(!@_ sf] v'b egf{ b/ #&=& k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . sIff !!) sf] l6sfp b/ #&=(
k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 , sIff !% ;Ddsf] sIff 5f8\g] b/ #=( k|ltzt / bf]xf]ofpg] b/ &=^ k|ltzt
/x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L v'b egf{ b/df n}l\us ;dfgtfdf klg pNn]vgLo k|ult ePsf] 5 . o:tf]
;dfgtf k|fylds txdf )=((, cfwf/e"t txdf !=)) / dfWoflds txdf )=(( /x]sf] 5 .
hgu0fgf @)^* cg';f/ s'n ;fIf/tf b/ ^%=( k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
lzIffsf ;a} txdf u'0f:t/ clej[l4 ug]{, lzIffnfO{ Joj;fo tyf /f]huf/Ld"ns agfpg], ;a}
txsf] lzIffnfO{ ;dtfd"ns / ;dfj]zL agfpg], k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflndnfO{
cfdgful/ssf] kx'Fr;Dd k'ofpg], lzIfsxsf] dfu / cfk"lt{aLr ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{,
nufgLcg'ksf] k|ltkmn ;'lglZrt ug]{, ;+ljwfg k|bt lzIff;DaGwL xsxsf] pkef]u ug]{ ;fy}
;du| z}lIfs If]qsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ u/L ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt ug]{ sfo{ r"gf}tLk"0f{ 5 . o;}u/L
sIff !!) sf] #&=( k|ltzt /x]sf] l6sfp b/nfO{ j[l4 ug]{, sIff !% ;Ddsf] sIff 5f8\g] b/
#=( k|ltzt / bf]xf]ofpg] b/ &=^ k|ltzt /x]sfn] oL b/xnfO{ 36fpg] ;fy} ut jif{ uPsf]
dxfe"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ;+/rgfxsf] k'g:yf{kg / k'glg{df{0f ug]{ r'gf}tL klg /x]sf] 5 .
cj;/
;a} tx / ljwfsf z}lIfs k"jf{wf/xsf] lj:tf/ ePsf], dlxnf, blnt, hghflt / ckf\utf
ePsf Pjd\ ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf afnaflnsf / ljBfyL{xsf] ;a} txdf egf{ b/df pNn]vgLo

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 99


kdf j[l4 ePsf], ;fwf/0f lzIffsf cltl/Qm dfWolds / pRr lzIffdf k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos
lzIff Pjd\ tflndsf] lj:tf/ ePsf] / pRr lzIff;Dd k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos wf/nfO{ lj:tf/
ug{ dfu{ k|;:t ePsf] 5 . o:t} ;d'bfodf lzIffk|ltsf] cfsif{0f a9]sf], :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO,
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / cfgf xs clwsf/k|ltsf] ;hutf a9]sf], z}lIfs ;"rgf k|0ffnL / z}lIfs
;'zf;gsf nflu cfwf/lznf tof/ ePsf] ;fy} l8lh6n l8efO8nfO{ Go"g ub}{ n}hfg] qmddf
lzIf0f l;sfO lqmofsnfkdf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] k|of]udf lj:tf/ ePsf cflb sf/0fxn]
u'0ffTds lzIffsf] ljsf; ug]{ cj;/ l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
lzIffdf ;a}sf] kxF'r / u'0f:t/ clej[l4 u/L k|lt:kwL{, pBdL / gjk|jt{gzLn dfgj k'FhLsf]
ljsf;af6 cfly{s ;fdflhs kfGt/0f .
#=@ nIo
1. ;a}nfO{ hLjgpkof]uL lzIffsf cj;/x k|bfg ub}{ hLjgko{Gt l;sfO pGd'v tyf
gjk|jt{gzLn z}lIfs k|0ffnL ljsf; ug]{ .
2. d'n'ssf] cfjZostfcg'k u'0f:t/Lo, Jofj;flos / ;Lko'Qm lzIff k|bfg ug]{ .
3. /f]huf/L Pjd\ :j/f]huf/Lsf nflu ;Lkd"ns lzIffsf] lj:tf/ ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
1. lzIffdf ;dtfd"ns cj;/x ;'lglZrt ub}{ lzIffnfO{ ;Lko'Qm, ;do;fGble{s /
u'0f:t/o'Qm agfpg' .
2. j}slNks pkfoxsf] cjnDagaf6 ;a} tx Pjd\ k|sf/sf] lzIff / ;Lkd"ns tflnddf
kxF'r clej[l4 ug'{ .
3. z}lIfs k|zf;gdf lg/Gt/ ;'wf/, gjk|jt{g / ;'zf;gnfO{ ;+:yfut ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
1. hLjgko{Gt lzIff, clgjfo{ cfwf/e"t lzIff tyf lgMz'Ns cfwf/e"t / dfWoflds lzIff
k4ltnfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
2. /f]huf/L / pBdzLntf ljsf; ug{ k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIffsf] lj:tf/ ug]{ .
3. ;a} txsf] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] .
4. cfly{s kn] ljkGg, nf]kf]Gd'v / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo / ckf\utf ePsf JolQmxsf]
lzIffdf kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
5. pRr lzIffnfO{ kx'Frof]Uo, k|lt:kwL{ / cg';Gwfgd"ns agfpg] .
6. ;fj{hlgs / lghL txaf6 k|bfg ul/g] lzIffaLrsf] u'0f:t/df /x]sf] cGt/ 36fpg] .

100 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;fIf/tf tyf ;fIf/f]Q/ sfo{qmdxsf] ;dGjofTds kn] ljsf;, of]hgf tyf
;~rfngsf nflu :yfgLo ;/sf/x;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 . -!_
@= cgf}krfl/s lzIff / cf}krfl/s lzIffsf] bf]xf]/f] k|j]zsf] cj;/ k|bfg u/L k|fKt 1fgsf]
;dsIftf lgwf{/0f tyf k|df0fLs/0f ul/g]5 . o;sf ;fy} lg/If/ / gj;fIf/nfO{
hLjgko{Gt lzIff lbg ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|dfkm{t\ ;fIf/tf :jod\;]js kl/rfng
ul/g]5 . -!_
#= clgjfo{ tyf lgMz'Ns cfwf/e"t lzIff ;'lglZrt ug{ ;+:s[t, kfnL, ef]6efiff, u'?s'n,
afxfaxL, laxf/, u'Daf, db/;f, v'nf Pjd\ j}slNks lzIff sfo{qmdxnfO{ yk
k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -!_
$= lzIfs b/aGbL ldnfg sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf cl3 a9fO{ ljBfnoxdf
lzIfsxsf] ;dtfd"ns ljt/0f ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 . xfn ljBdfg sfg'gL tyf gLltut
k|fjwfgcg';f/ k|fylds txdf clws b]lvg] :jLs[t b/aGbLnfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/
dflyNnf] txdf kfGt/0f u/L kbk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -!,#_
%= lzIff If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ tyf lghL / ;fj{hlgs
ljBfnosf lzIffsf] u'0f:t/sf] cGt/nfO{ sd ug]{ sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!,#_
^= ljBfno lzIffdf hLjgf]kof]uL tyf Jojxf/ s'zn ;Lk / d"Nodf cfwfl/t lzIffnfO{
;d]6\g] u/L kf7\oqmdsf] kl/dfh{g u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -@_
&= k|fljlws / Jofj;flos ljBfnox ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tyf
lgodgsf/L Joj:yfnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . ;fwf/0f tyf Jofj;flos b'j} wf/sf
sIff ;~rfng ug]{ dfWolds ljBfnoxnfO{ cfjZos >f]t Joj:yf u/L yk
;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu sfo{ljlw, k|lqmof / ;+oGqxnfO{ ;'b[9 ul/g]5 . -@_
*= k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflndsf] If]qdf nufgLsf] ;'lglZrtfsf nflu
k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff / tflnd;DaGwL PsLs[t sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -@_
(= Jofj;flos ljBfno / kf]ln6]lSgs ;+:yfx yk lj:tf/ u/L lzIffnfO{ /f]huf/Ld"ns
agfpg] sfo{qmdx sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -@_
!)= lghL If]q, u}/;/sf/L If]q, :yfgLo lgsfo / ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/x;Fusf] ;xsfo{af6
k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflndsf cj;/x lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= k"j{k|fylds sIff / k|f/lDes afnljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt l;sfO ;fdu|Lxsf] :t/ tyf
;fGble{stf ;'lglZrt u/L ltgnfO{ afnljsf; s]Gsf afnaflnsfsf] :t/cg'k
agfOg]5 . -#_
!@= ljZj ljBfnodf pTs[i6 glthf xfl;n ug]{ ljBfyL{xnfO{ lzIf0f k]zfdf cfsif{0f ug{
cfjZos sfg'gL tyf gLltut Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -#_

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 101


!#= ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwnfO{ ;du| lzIff k|0ffnLsf] cleGg c\usf] kdf PsLs[t
ub}{ l8lh6n l8efO8nfO{ sd ub}{ nlug]5 . -#_
!$= ljBfno lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ clej[l4 tyf ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO ;'lglZrttfsf nflu
dft[efiff, /fli6o efiff / cGt/f{li6o efiffnfO{ lzIf0f l;sfOsf] dfWodsf kdf
ckgfO{ lzIffdf ax'eflifs gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 . -#_
!%= ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO clej[l4sf nflu lg/Gt/ d"Nofg k4lt tyf k|f/lDes afn sIffdf
k9fO ;Lk ljsf; ljlwxsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u ub}{ nlug]5 . -#_
!^= dfWolds tx ;~rfng ug]{ ;fd'bflos tyf ;+:yfut b'j} k|sf/sf ljBfnoxdf
pknAw x'g'kg]{ Go"gtd cfwf/e"t ;'ljwfxsf] ;"rL lgwf{/0f u/]/ ljBfnoxdf
u'0f:t/sf] dfgs tof/ u/L nfu" ul/g]5 . -#, ^_
!&= ljBfno txsf] ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg / hjfkmb]lxtf ;'lglZrt ug{
ljBfnoxsf] ;~rfng tyf sfo{;Dkfbg:t/sf] jflif{s kdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg k/LIf0f
ug]{ / sfo{;Dkfbgdf cfwfl/t Joj:yfkg tyf nufgLsf] k|fjwfg nfu" ul/g]5 . -#_
!*= lzIfsxsf] k|fl1s pGgog Pjd\ k]zfut ljsf;sf nflu dfu tyf cfjZostfsf
cfwf/df 5f]6f tyf dWod cjlwsf tflnd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
!(= ljBfnoxsf] Joj:yfkg ;'wf/ tyf z}lIfs pknlAw clej[l4sf nflu
k|wfgfWofksx;Fu sfo{;Dkfbg s/f/sf] Joj:yf nfu" ul/g]5 . -#_
@)= hg;\Vof / e"uf]n;d]tsf] cfwf/df ljBfnoxsf] gS;f\sg u/L k'g;{+/rgf
ul/g]5 . -#_
@!= lzIfsxsf] sfo{;DkfbgnfO{ ljBfnosf x/]s sIffsf ljBfyL{n] xfl;n u/]sf]
glthf;Fu cfa4 u/L k'/:sf/ tyf b08sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -#_
@@= ;a} k|sf/sf z}lIfs ;+:yfxsf] ef}lts cj:yfdf ;'wf/ u/L ljkb\k|lt/f]wL agfOg]5 .
ljBfyL{xsf] l;sfOdf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ljifox ;dfj]z ul/g]5 . -#_
@#= z}lIfs u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0fsf nflu /fli6o of]Uotf lgwf{/0f k|0ffnL / /fli6o Jofj;flos
of]Uotf lgwf{/0f k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -#_
@$= pTs[i6 z}lIfs Joj:yfkg tyf ;]jfk|jfxdfkm{t z}lIfs u'0f:t/ clej[l4 ug{, cToGt
lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfo, nf]kf]Gd'v, ul/a kl/jf/af6 cfpg] h]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{, cNk;\Vos
;d'bfosf afnaflnsfsf] lzIffsf] nflu b]zsf ljleGg :yfgdf 7"nf, cfjf;Lo tyf
gd'gf ljBfno ;~rfngdf NofOg]5 . -#, $_
@%= rf/jif{ pd]/sf ;a} afnaflnsfsf] lzIffsf] nflu Psjif]{ k"j{k|fylds sIff / k|f/lDes
afnljsf; sfo{qmdsf] gS;f\sgsf cfwf/df cToGt b'u{d a:tL jf ;d'bfo /
ef}uf]lns ljs6 If]qdf nlIft u/L k'glj{t/0f / lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -$,!_

102 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


@^= hf]lvddf k/]sf, cNk;\Vos tyf nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfosf ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO cfjZostf
;Daf]wgsf nflu v'nf, j}slNks, cfjf;Lo tyf ljz]if lzIff sfo{qmdnfO{ yk
;'b[9Ls/0f ul/g]5 . -$_
@&= b'u{d tyf lxdfnL lhNnfxsf ljBfnodf egf{ ePsf ljBfyL{xsf] lg/Gt/tf tyf
l;sfO ;'lglZrttfsf nflu ;~rfngdf /x]sf cfjf;Lo ljBfno tyf 3'DtL
ljBfnosf] Ifdtf lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -$_
@*= dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfsf cfwf/df kl5k/]sf] If]q tyf ul/aL JofKt /x]sf] If]qnfO{
nlIft u/L ljBfnodf lbjf vfhf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -$_
@(= blnt, 5fqf, hghflt, nf]kf]Gd'v hfthflt, ul/a tyf h]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{xsf nflu
cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -$_
#)= leGg l;sfO cfjZostf ePsf, hf]lvddf k/]sf tyf ;LdfGts[t ;d"xsf
ljBfyL{xsf] l;sfO cfjZostf ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu v'nf, j}slNks, cfjf;Lo tyf
ljz]if lzIff sfo{qmdsf] ;'ljwf lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -$_
#!= gofF ljBfno ejg lgdf{0fsf gd'gf l8hfOgx ax'k|sf/sf ljkb\k|lt ;+j]bgzLn /
ckfd}qL x'g]u/L agfOg]5 . -$_
#@= pRr j}1flgs Pjd\ k|fljlws / cg';GwfgfTds lzIffdf nufgL a9fOg]5 . -%_
##= pRr lzIffsf] kx'Fr k'Ug g;Sg] b'u{d :yfg / j}slNks kx'Frsf] cfjZostf kg]{xnfO{
Wofgdf /fvL v'nf ljZjljBfnonufot v'nf Pjd\ b"/lzIff k|0ffnLsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;
ul/g]5 . -%_
#$= pRr lzIffnfO{ /fli6o k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df Joj:yfkg ug{ s[lif, kz'lj1fg tyf jg,
kof{j/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw, lrlsT;f lj1fg, cfo'j]{b, ko{6g, Ol~hlgol/\, hnljB't\,
gjLs/0fLo zlQm, pBf]u tyf Jofkf/nufotsf If]q;Fu ;Da4 sfo{d"ns Pjd\
/f]huf/pGd'v pRr lzIffsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . -%_
#%= pRr lzIffdf u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrttf / k|Tofog k|df0fkqsf cfwf/df dfq ljb]zL pRr
lzIff k|bfos ;+:yfnfO{ ;DaGwg lbg] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -%_
#^= pRr lzIffsf kf7\oqmd tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ /fli6o cfjZostf;Fu cfa4 u/L
logLxnfO{ cg';Gwfgd"ns Pjd\ k|j4{gfTds agfOg]5 . -%_
#&= pRr lzIff P]g hf/L u/L pRr lzIffdf ljljwLs/0f / u'0f:t/df ;'lglZrt ub}{
k|efjsf/L kdf lgodg ul/g]5 . -%, ^_
#*= k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIffdf ;xh / ;/n kx'Frsf nflu ;fdflhs Gofosf
cfwf/df nfut cg'bfg, nfut ;fem]bf/L / nfut p7\tLsf] cfwf/df z'Ns lgwf{/0f ug]{
gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 . -%_

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 103


#(= b'u{d tyf dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf\ssf cfwf/df kl5 k/]sf If]qxdf ;DefJotfsf
cfwf/df k|ljlw pGd'v cf\lus SofDk;xsf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -%_
$)= k|To]s k|b]zdf ;Gt'lnt z}lIfs ljsf;sf nflu sDtLdf Pp6f k|fljlws tyf
Jofj;flos pRr z}lIfs ;+:Yffsf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -%_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
of]hgfsf] cGTodf !% jif{dflysf ;fIf/tf b/ *% k|ltzt, !% b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf]
;fIf/tf b/ (@ k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g], sIff Psdf afnljsf;sf] cg'ej;lxt egf{ x'g cfpg]
afnaflnsfxsf] ;\Vof &* k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g] / cfwf/e"t tx sIff !* sf] v'b egf{ b/ ($
k|ltzt tyf dfWolds tx sIff (!@ sf] v'b egf{ b/ $% k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g]5 . ;fy}, sIff *
/ !) sf] l6sfp b/ qmdzM *) / %) k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g], ;a} ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf
j8fxdf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb| :yfkgf ePsf] x'g], pRr lzIffdf lj1fg ljifo cWoog/t
ljBfyL{ ;\Vof % k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g], pRr lzIffdf ;xh} b]lvg] egf{ b/ @) k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g] /
u'0f:t/Lo k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos tflndsf] kx'Frsf] nflu cfwf/ ;'lglZrt ePsf] x'g]5 .
$=$=$ :jf:Yo tyf kf]if0f
!= k[i7e"ld
;+ljwfgn] k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns k|fKt ug]{ Pjd\
:jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfg kxF'r k|fKt x'g] ljifonfO{ df}lns xssf] kdf k|Tofe"t u/]sf] 5 .
gful/snfO{ :j:y agfpg /fHon] :jf:Yo If]qdf nufgL clej[l4 ug]{ Pjd\ u'0f:t/Lo, ;xh,
;'ne :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfg kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ub}{ ;a}sf] :j:y hLjg k|Tofe"t u/L lbuf] ljsf;
;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{ bfloTj klg ;+ljwfgaf6} lgb]{lzt 5 .
ljut tyf rfn' of]hgfxdf ;~rflnt :jf:Yo ;]jfsf ljleGg sfo{qmdxsf] kmn:jk
lzz' d'To' b/ -k|ltxhf/ hLljt hGddf_ / gjhft lzz' d[To' b/ -k|ltxhf/ hLljt hGddf_ 36]/
qmdzM ## / @# df k'u]sf]] 5 . kfFr jif{d'lgsf] afn d[To' b/ -k|ltxhf/ hLljt hGddf_ #* tyf
dft[ d[To' b/ -k|ltnfv hLljt hGddf_ df sdL cfO{ @%* df em/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L kl/jf/
lgof]hgsf] ;fwg k|of]u b/ $(=^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 eg] s'n k|hgg b/ -!%$( jif{ pd]/
;d"xsf k|ltdlxnfn] hGd lnPsf aRrfsf] cf};t ;\Vof_ @=% /x]sf] 5 . tf}n gk'u]sf aRrfsf]
k|ltzt 36]/ @*=* k'u]sf]] 5 . Ifo/f]usf] ;kmn pkrf/ () k|ltzt / cfof]l8go'Qm g'g pkof]u
ug]{ 3/w'/L *!=! k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . :jf:Yo;DaGwL pk/f]Qm ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf Pjd\ lbuf]
ljsf;sf nIo xfl;n ug{ of]ubfg ug]{ ;f]rsf ;fy :jf:Yo If]qsf] k|j{g ug{ cfjZos ePsf]
5.

104 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;+ljwfgn] Joj:yf u/]sf] ;\3Lo :jk, ef}uf]lns Pjd\ hg;\Vofsf] cg'kftcg'k :jf:Yo
;+:yfxsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ug{', lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ul/g] cf}iflw cfjZostfsf cfwf/df pknAw
u/fpg'sf ;fy} To;sf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug'{, :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfxsf] lgoldt lgodg / cg'udg
ug'{, ;a}sf] nflu :jf:Yo ladf nfu" ug'{, j}b]lzs ;xof]usf] kl/rfng tyf pkof]unfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg ;dGjo sfod ug'{, e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t :jf:Yo ;+/rgfxsf] k'glg{df{0f ug{] sfo{nfO{
tLj|tf lbO{ rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ ;'rf ug{' :Jff:Yo If]qsf k|d'v r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
:jf:Yo ;+:yfxsf] b]zJofkL ;~hfn tof/ x'g', bIf :jf:YosdL{ tyf cTofw'lgs k|ljlw /
pks/0fxsf] pknAwtf, ;j{;fwf/0fxsf] :jf:Yo ;]jf / kf]if0fsf] dxjaf/] a9\bf] hfu/0f /
k|efjsf/L :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfxsf nflu ul/Psf] ljleGg gLltut Joj:yfsf sf/0f ;x>fAbL ljsf;
nIodf ;Gtf]ifhgs k|ult, /fli6o :jf:Yo gLlt, @)&!, ;x/L :jf:Yo gLlt, @)&@, tyf g]kfn
:jf:Yo If]q /0fgLlt -@)&@@)&&_ sf] th'{dfnufot ljutsf pknlAwxnfO{ ;+:yfut ub{}
:jf:Yo ;]]jfxnfO{ yk Jojl:yt / u'0f:t/o'Qm agfpg] cj;/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;a} hgtfsf] kxF'rdfkm{t\ :j:y / ;an gful/s ljsf; .
#=@ nIo
;a} gful/snfO{ u'0f:t/Lo cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfx lgMz'Ns kdf pknAw u/fpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= ;a} ju{, If]q / ;d'bfosf gful/sxsf] cfwf/e"t tyf u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfdf
;dtfd"ns kx'Fr clej[l4 u/fpg' .
@= :j:Yf hgzlQm tof/ ug]{, /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtf a9fpg], u'0f:t/Lo / kf]if0fo'Qm
vfB ;fdu|Ldf kx'Fr a9fpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;a}sf] ;xh kx'Fr x'g]u/L k|efjsf/L kdf ;]jf pknAw
u/fpg] .
@. kf]if0fo'Qm vfg]s'/fsf] af/]df r]tgf a9fpFb} o:f;DaGwL ;]jfsf] kx'Fr cfd gful/s;Dd
k'ofpg] .
#= gjhft lzz' d'To' b/, lzz' d[To' b/ / afn d[To' b/ 36fpg] / cf};t cfo' a9fpg] .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 105


$= u'0f:t/Lo cf}iflw tyf :jf:Yo ;fdu|Lsf] cfGtl/s pTkfbgnfO{ hf]8 lbg] .
%= :jf:Yo If]qdf lghL, ;xsf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qsf] ;+NfUgtf j[l4 u/L tL If]qxaf6
x'g] nufgLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ .
^= b]zdf pknAw h8La'6Lsf] Joj:yfkg / pkof]u ub}{ cfo'j]{b lrlsT;f k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;
tyf k|rlnt cGo k"/s lrlsT;f k|0ffnLxsf] ;+/If0f Pjd\ Jojl:yt ljsf; ug{] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= :jf:Yo If]qdf nufgL j[l4 u/L :jf:Yo ;]jf ;a} gful/sn] k|fKt ug{;Sg] u/L pknAw
u/fOg]5 -!_
@= cfjZos bIf :jf:Yo hgzlQmsf] of]hgf, pTkfbg, k|flKt, ljsf; tyf pkof]u
ul/g]5 . -!_
#= cfjZos cf}ifwL, pks/0f, k|ljlw / bIf :jf:YosdL{x;lxtsf] k|efjsf/L Pjd\
hjfkmb]xLk"0f{ :jf:Yo ;]jf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
$= u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;a}sf] kx'Fr k'ofpg :jf:Yo ladf sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L
;j{JofkL kx'Fr Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{ :jf:Yo ;]jf qmdzM k|bfg ub}{ nlug]5 . -!_
%= :jf:Yo;DaGwL cg';Gwfg sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -!_
^= :jf:Yo tyf kf]if0faf/] Jofks hgr]tgf hfu[t x'g] sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
&= ;g]{ jf g;g]{ /f]uxsf af/]df k|j4{gfTds, lg/f]wfTds / pkrf/fTds sfo{qmdx
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
*= ;\3Lo ;+/rgfcg'k k|To]s k|b]zdf kg]{u/L ljz]if1 ;]jf;lxtsf] ;'ljwf ;DkGg
c:ktfn lgdf{0f k|lqmof cl3 a9fOg]5 . -!_
( c:ktfn ljsf; ;ldlt tyf :jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt Jofj;flos kl/ifb\xnfO{ ;Ifd
tyf hjfkmb]xL agfOg]5 . -!_
!)= :jf:Yo If]qdf cfw'lgs ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] clwstd k|of]u ul/g]5 . -!_
!!= :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ kf/bzL{, hjfkmb]xL Pjd\ hgpQ/bfoL agfpg ;'zf;gdf hf]8
lbOg]5 . -!_
!@= u'0f:t/Lo Pjd\ :jf:Yoj4{s vfB kbfy{sf] k|of]u a9fpFb} s'kf]if0fnfO{ Go"gLs/0f
ul/g]5 . -@_
!#= dft[lzz' kf]if0f cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ljBdfg ax'If]qLo kf]if0f of]hgfnfO{ k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -@_
!$= tof/L vfB a:t'sf] af/]df a9fOr9fO{ lj1fkg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lgT;flxt ul/g]5 . -@_
!%= ;'gf}nf xhf/ lbg ;DaGwL hghfu/0f cleofg ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_

106 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


!^= gful/ssf] :jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ vfBkbfy{sf] lj1fkg / k|j4{gdf aGb]h
nufOg]5 . -@_
!&= k|hgg :jf:Yo, ;'/lIft dft[Tj tyf afn tyf lzz' :jf:Yo ;]jfaf/]df hgr]tgf
clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -#_
!*= gjhft lzz' d'To' b/, lzz' d[To' b/, afn d[To' b/ / dft[d[To' 36fpgsf] nflu k|hgg
:jf:Yo, ;'/lIft dft[Tj, afn tyf lzz' :jf:Yo ;]jfx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
!(= cf}iflw pTkfbgdf qmdzM d'n'snfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfOg]5 . -$_
@)= c;n pTkfbg k|lqmofcg'k u'0f:t/Lo cf}iflw pTkfbg Pjd\ cf}iflwsf] cfoft / laqmL
ljt/0f k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4
ul/g]5 . -$_
@!= :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfxdf ;/sf/L, lghL If]q, ;fd'bflos Pjd\ ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ ;d]6\b}
u'0ffTds ;]jf ;'lglZrt u/fpg ;'zf;g sfo{of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -%_
@@= lghL / u}/;/sf/L If]qdf :yflkt :jf:Yo;DaGwL Jofj;flos ;\3;+:yfx;Fu
:jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfx, cWoog, cg';Gwfg sfo{df ;xsfo{nfO{ a9fjf lbOg]5 . -%_
@#= ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt / hg;\Vofsf] cfwf/df k|rlnt ejg ;+lxtfcg';f/ :jf:Yo
;+:yfx lgdf{0f ul/g'sf ;fy} pQm ;+/rgfx ckfd}qL, afnd}qL tyf e"sDkk|lt/f]wL
agfOg]5 . -%_
@$= cfo'j]{b k4ltsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu pko'Qm ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/
tyf cfo'j]lb{s pTkfbg j[l4 ul/g'sf ;fy} cfo'j]{b tyf h8La'6Lsf gfddf x'g] cg'lrt
ultljlwxnfO{ lgodg ul/g]5 . -^_
@%= cfo'j]{b k|0ffnLsf] qmda4 kdf ljsf;sf] nflu xf]ldof]KofyL, o'gfgL tyf cGo k"/s
lrlsT;f k|0ffnLxsf] ;+/If0f, ljsf; Pjd\ lj:tf/sf nflu bL3{sfnLg of]hgf th'{df
u/L nfu"ul/g]5 . -^_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
of]hgf cjlwdf kfFr jif{d'lgsf] afn d[To' b/ -k|ltPsxhf/ hLljt hGddf_ 36]/ #) k'u]sf]
x'g], dft[ d[To' b/ -k|ltnfv hLljt hGddf_ !$% k'u]sf] x'g], gjhft lzz' d[To' b/ -k|ltxhf/
hLljt hGddf_ 36]/ @) k'u]sf] x'g], s'n k|hgg b/ -!%$( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf k|ltdlxnfn] hGd
lbPsf aRrfsf] cf};t ;\Vof_ @=! k'u]sf] x'g], *% k|ltzt Ifo/f]uL lj/fdLx kQf nfu]sf] x'g] /
kfFrjif{d'lgsf aRrfxdWo] pd]/cg';f/ k'8\sf]kgf ePsf aRrfsf] k|ltzt 36]/ #@ k'u]sf] x'g]5 .
o;k|sf/ u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfdf hgtfsf] kx'Fr j[l4 e} ;d:t :jf:Yo tyf kf]if0f;DaGwL
;"rsxdf ;'wf/ ePsf] x'g] / o;af6 lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo k|flKtdf ;3fp k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf]
5.

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 107


$=$=% vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO
!= k[i7e"ld
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;]jf cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/sf] kdf :yflkt 5 . vfg]kfgLsf]
kx'FrnfO{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf df}lns xssf] kdf g} JofVof ePaf6 o; If]qdf yk hf]8 lbg'
cfjZos ePsf] 5 . xfn cfwf/e"t :t/sf] vfg]kfgL ;]jfsf] ;+/rgf k'u]sf] hg;\Vof *#=^
k|ltzt / ;/;kmfO ;'ljwfaf6 nfeflGjt hg;\Vof *! k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . pRrdWod:t/sf]
vfg]kfgL ;]jfaf6 nfeflGjt hg;\Vof !% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . vfg]kfgLsf] lj:tf/ / u'0f:t/ j[l4
ug]{, ;x/L / c4{ ;x/L vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf] lgdf{0f tyf ;'b[9Ls/0fsf ;fy} ;tx ;|f]taf6 kfgLsf]
cfk"lt{ gk'u ePsf] cj:yfdf jiff{tsf] kfgL ;\sng ug]{ k4lt ljsf; ug'{ cfjZos 5 .
vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f / plrt pkof]u ug]{ / d'n'snfO{ v'nf lbzflk;fad'Qm If]qsf] 3f]if0ff
u/L jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfOdf ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . oL ;a} k|of;af6 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO
If]qsf] lbuf] ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
jftfj/0fLo k|efj, hnjfo' kl/jt{g, a9\bf] ;x/Ls/0f / cJojl:yt a:tL ljsf;sf sf/0f
vfg]kfgLsf >f]tx ;'Sb} hfg' / >f]t k|b"lift x'g', :jf:YonfO{ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;'ljwfsf]
cleGg c\usf kdf n}hfg g;Sg', lgdf{0ffwLg cfof]hgfx ;dod} ;DkGg ug{ g;lsg', a9\bf]
a;fOF;/fOsf] sf/0f ;x/L If]qdf vfg]kfgLsf] cTolws dfu /xg', ;x/L a:tLdf 9nlgsf;
Jojl:yt u/L gbLgfnf, kf]v/L cflbsf] ;+/If0f / :jR5tf sfod ug{ sl7gfO x''g' / vfg]kfgL tyf
;/;kmfOsf If]qdf ;+nUg ;/f]sf/jfnfxaLr k|efjsf/L ;dGjo x'g g;Sg' o; If]qsf k|d'v
r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
5'} ljlzi6Ls[t lgsfosf] kdf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO dGqfnosf] u7g x'g', kfgL tyf
;/;kmfO ;]jf Pjd\ ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/df :yfgLo lgsfo, ljsf; ;fem]bf/,
cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf pkef]Qmf ;ldltx / gful/ssf] ;xeflutf
a9\b} hfg', ljleGg txdf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO tyf :jR5tf ;dGjo ;ldltx lqmofzLn /xg'
/ ;/;kmfO sfo{qmdn] ;fdflhs cleofgsf] k lng' cflb sf/0fxn] ubf{ o; If]qdf cfzfltt
;'wf/ ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf l;h{gf x'g uPsf] 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
e/kbf]{, u'0f:t/Lo / ;j{;'ne vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;]jfaf6 gful/ssf] :jf:Yo tyf
hLjgz}nLdf ;'wf/ .

108 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#=@ nIo
;a} hg;\VofnfO{ cfwf/e"t vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= ;a} hg;\VofnfO{ cfwf/e"t:t/sf] vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;]jf pknAw u/fpg' .
@= dWod tyf pRr:t/sf] vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;]jf lj:tf/ ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= cfwf/e"t:t/sf] vfg]kfgL ;]jf ;a} hg;\VofnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .
@= ;a} hg;\VofnfO{ cfwf/e"t:t/sf] ;/;kmfO tyf zf}rfnosf] ;'ljwf k'ofpg] .
#= hnjfo' cg's"ng cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f, hnfwf/ If]q tyf k/Dk/fut ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f /
e"ldut kfgLsf] k'gMe/0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
$= ;x/L tyf ;x/pGd'v If]qdf 9n tyf kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstfsf
;fy cufl8 a9fpg] .
%= t/fO{dw]zdf ljBdfg vfg]kfgL ;d:of tyf cf;]{lgs k|b"if0f Go"gLs/0f ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jR5tf;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf th'{df ul/g]5 . -!_
@= /fli6o vfg]kfgL u'0f:t/ lgb]{lzsf kl/dfh{g ul/g'sf ;fy} u'0f:t/ u'?of]hgf
sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -!_
#= 7"nf ;x/xsf vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf;;DaGwL cfof]hgfx :t/f]Gglt ul/g]5 . -!_
$= vfg]kfgL tyf 9n;DaGwL dxz'n lgwf{/0f k|lqmofnfO{ kl/dfh{g ul/g]5 . -!_
%= ;'Vvfu|:t If]qsf] klxrfg u/L a[xt\ klDk cfof]hgf ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
^= t/fO{dw]; tyf efj/ If]qdf vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{sf nflu 7"nf gbLxaf6 yf]skfgL
cfk"lt{ k|0ffnLsf] cWoog u/L pko'Qm cfof]hgfx ;'? ul/g]5 . -!_
&= e"sDk k|efljt vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfxsf] k'g:yf{kgf ul/g]5 . -!_
*= d]nDrLnufotsf 7"nf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfxnfO{ oyfzL3| ;DkGg ul/g]5 . -!_
(= Ps 3/ Ps zf}rfno sf] Joj:yfnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -@_
!)= ;~rfngdf /x]sf ;a} vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfx ;DkGg ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= dWo tyf k"jL{ t/fO{sf * lhNnfdf ;/;kmfOsf ljz]if sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
!@= x/]s lhNnfsf] vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO of]hgf cBfjlws ul/g]5 . -@_
!#= b]zsf cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pjd\ ;f+:s[lts dxjsf gbLgfnfx tyf cGo kfgLsf
;|f]tx / tfntn}ofxsf] ;+/If0f tyf jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{ ;~rfngdf
NofOg]5 .-@_

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 109


!$= ;fj{hlgs :yn, ;+:yf / dflg;sf] cfjfudg a9L x'g] :yfgxdf ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno
lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -@_
!%= u|fdL0f ;x/L tyf c4{ ;x/L If]qsf] vfg]kfgL ;]jf ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu hnfzoo'Qm
vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfxsf] cWoog u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -#_
!^= hnjfo' cg's"ng cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f, hnfwf/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f, k/Dk/fut ;|f]tsf]
;+/If0f ug'{sf ;fy} e"ldut kfgLsf] k'gMe/0fh:tf sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . -#_
!&= vfg]kfgL / cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu kfgLsf] ljj]szLn k|of]usf] lglDt hgr]tgf clej[l4
ul/g]5 . -#_
!*= 3/3/df jiff{t\sf] kfgL ;\sng / k|of]usf] nflu sfo{qmd NofOg]5 . -#_
!(= ef}ule{s kfgLsf] bf]xg;DaGwL k|efjsf/L lgodg Joj:yf nfu" ul/g]5 . -#_
@)= vfg]kfgL ;|f]txsf] clen]vg ul/g]5 . -#_
@!= k|:tfljt k|b]zxsf] ;Defljt /fhwfgLx, k|d'v ;x/x, gu/kflnsf /
ufpkflnsfxdf vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf; tyf k|zf]wg cfof]hgfxsf] cWoog u/L
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? ul/g]5 . -$_
= @@= gbLsf] :jR5tf / ;+/If0fsf] nflu ljs]lGb|t 9n k|zf]wg k|0ffnL ljsf; ug]{ sfo{qmd
k|efjsf/L kdf cufl8 agfOg]5 . -$_
@#= cf;]{lgsnufot vfg]kfgL;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu t/fO{dw]z
If]qdf ;f]nf/ klDk;lxtsf] vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -%_
@$= ;'Vvf If]q /x]sf t/fO{dw]zdf vfg]kfgL lj:tf/ u/L kf]v/L lgdf{0f, kfgL ;\sng
s]Gb|h:tf j}slNks pkfo cgfOg]5 . -%_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
of]hgfsf] k|yd jif{df *^ k|ltzt, bf];|f] jif{df ** k|ltzt / t]>f] jif{df () k|ltzt
vfg]kfgL ;]jf k'u]sf] x'g], cfwf/e"t ;/;kmfO ;]jfdf k|yd jif{df *$ k|ltzt, bf];|f] jif{df *&
k|ltzt / t]>f] jif{df *( k|ltzt hgtfsf] kx'Fr k'u]sf] x'g], pRrdWod:t/sf] vfg]kfgL ;]jfsf]
kx'Fr k|yd jif{df @) k|ltzt, bf];|f] jif{df @% k|ltzt / t]>f] jif{df #) k|ltzt hgtfdf k'u]sf]
x'g] / lgdf{0f eP/ klg ;~rfngdf g/x]sf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfxsf] dd{t ;'wf/ tyf k'g:yf{kgf
eO{ ;~rfngdf cfPsf] x'g]5 .

$=$=^ afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/L


!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] s'n hg;\VofdWo] #(=* k|ltzt !^ jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsf /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L
!)!( jif{ ;d"xsf afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/L @$=@ k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . afnaflnsf tyf

110 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] nflu afn arfj6, ;+/If0f, ;xeflutf / ljsf;;DaGwL /0fgLlt lnO{ ljleGg
sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/Psf 5g\ . b]ze/L @@,$%& afnSna u7g tyf ;~rfng, d'n'se/
#%,!&$ k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|xsf] ;~rfng, ;8s afnaflnssf] p4f/, ;+/If0f tyf
Joj:yfkg dfu{bz{g, @)&@ sf] sfof{Gjog, g]kfnf/f afnclwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6 ;\3Lo
dxf;lGw, !(*( sf] cg'df]bg / cGo afn clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6o dxf;lGw / OR5fwLg
cfn]vxdf u/]sf] k|lta4tfcg';f/sf sfo{qmd;d]t ;~rfng ul/Psf 5g\ . afnaflnsf tyf
lszf]/lszf]/Lxsf] z}lIfs ;xeflutfdf pNn]Vo j[l4 ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn]
afnaflnsfsf] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf] kdf k|Tofoe"t u/]cg'k pgLxsf xs clwsf/xsf]
pkef]usf nflu ljleGg sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ug{' cfjZos /x]sf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
sltko afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/Lx? cfwf/e"t clwsf/ pkef]uaf6 al~rt /xg',
;DalGwt lgsfo tyf dGqfnoxaLr afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/L;DaGwL sfo{qmdxdf ;dGjo
tyf ;xsfo{ gx'Fbf sfddf bf]xf]/f]kgf tyf sltko sfd g} gx'g] ;d:of x'g', afn Gofo k|0ffnL
tyf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g k4ltnfO{ Jojxf/df k"0f{ kdf ptfg{ g;Sg' / aflnsf tyf
lszf]/Ldfly x'g] lx+;f Pjd\ k/Dk/fut xflgsf/s k|rngnfO{ k"0f{ kdf lgoGq0f ug{ g;Sg'h:tf
ljifo o; If]qsf r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lxsf] lzIffdf pNn]Vo ;xeflutf x'g', :jf:Yo If]qdf ;'wf/
x'g', afnaflnsfsf] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf] kdf ;+j}wflgs k|Tofe"lt x'g', :yfgLo lgsfoaf6
afnlxt sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g', afnclwsf/k|lt ;r]tgfdf j[l4 x'g', afnlxtsf] nflu ;/sf/L
lgsfoxaLr ;dGjo x'g', afnd}qL :yfgLo lgsfo 3f]if0ff x'g', ;8s afnaflnsfsf] p4f/, /fxt
tyf dgf]ljdz{ / kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng, k'gP{sLs/0f tyf k'g:yf{kgfsf] nflu afn x]NknfOg ;'?
x'g', x/fPsf afnaflnsfsf] vf]htnf; ug{ afnaflnsf vf]htnf; ;dGjo s]Gb|sf] lgMz'Ns
6]lnkmf]g ;]jf lg/Gt/ ;~rfng x'g' / afn Ohnf; u7g x'g'h:tf ljifox o;If]qsf cj;/x
x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ub}{ pgLxnfO{ ;Ifd / of]Uo
gful/s aGg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 111


#=@ nIo
afnaflnsf lj4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s lx+;f, Iflt jf b'Jo{jxf/af6
afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/LnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] ;du| clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{g ug'{ .
@= afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/Lpk/ x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj, zf]if0f, lx+;f, pk]Iff /
b'Jo{jxf/sf] cGTo ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= afnaflnsfnfO{ uef{j:yfb]lv g} cfjZos :jf:Yo / kf]if0f ;]jf ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
@= afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / af}l4s ljsf;df hf]8 lbg] .
#= afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/L lj4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;f cGTosf nflu lg/f]wfTds,
pkrf/fTds / k|j4{gfTds pkfo cjnDag ug]{ .
$= ;a} k|sf/sf afn>d Go"gLs/0f tyf lgif]w ug]{ .
%= ;8s afnaflnsfsf] p4f/, ;+/If0f, lgoGq0f ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= uef{j:yfdf cfdf / lzz'sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu kf]if0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
@= uef{j:yfb]lv hGdkZrft\ pknAw u/fOg] vf]k, le6fldg P, kf]lnof]h:tf cfwf/e"t
:jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kx'Fr lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -!_
#= afnaflnsfsf] nflu lgMz'Ns kdf pknAw u/fOg] :jf:Yo ;'ljwfsf] lj:tf/ /
u'0f:t/df j[l4 ul/g]5 . -!_
$= PrcfO{eL P8\; ;\qmldt afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;xh kx'Fr
agfOg]5 . -!_
%= afnaflnsfxsf] hGdbtf{nfO{ clgjfo{ u/L k|f/lDes afnljsf; k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt
ul/g]5 . -@_
^= cfgf] wf/0ff agfpg ;Ifd afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/LxnfO{ cfk"m;Fu ;Da4 ;a}
ljifoxdf cfgf] ljrf/ cleJoQm ug{ kfpg] cj;/ lbO{ ljleGg txsf] lg0f{o
k|lqmofdf afn ;xeflutf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -@_
&= afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g k|0ffnLcg'k ;a} :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf
kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
*= afn;+/If0f ;ldlt / afn Sna ;~rfng / kl/rfngdf :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 ;xof]u
k'ofOg]5 . -@_

112 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


(= ;dfhdf k|rngdf /x]sf ljleGg xflgsf/s cEof;sf ;fy} afnaflnsf tyf
lszf]/lszf]/Lpk/ x'g] lx+;fnfO{ /f]syfd ug{ sf/0f klxrfg u/L cfjZos lg/f]wfTds
pkfosf] cjnDag ul/g]5 . -#_
!)= lx+;faf6 k|efljt afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lxsf] pko'Qm ;+/If0fsf ;fy}
pgLxnfO{ sfg'gL ;xfotf tyf cfjZos pkrf/fTds ;]jf pknAw u/fOg]5 . -#_
!!= a]rlavg, afn>dnufot cGo lx+;fdf k/]sf afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lsf nflu
/fxt, k'g:yf{{kgf, kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng / sfg'gL tyf dgf]j}1flgs k/fdz{ ;]jfsf
sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= afn ljjfx, rfF8f] x'g] ljjfx / ha/h:tL ljjfx lj4 ;fdflhs hfu/0f Nofpg
;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdnfO{ ;d'bfo:t/;Dd lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= sfg'gL ljjfbdf k/]sf afnaflnsfxsf] cfr/0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg Pjd\ pgLxsf]
lzIffbLIffnufot hLjgpkof]uL / Jofj;flos ;Lk;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg
ul/g]5 . -#_
!$= 36gf Joj:yfkgnufot afnaflnsfxnfO{ k|jfx ul/g] ;]jf afnd}qL, l56f], 5l/tf]
agfpg ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf ;fy} ;f]sf] cg'udg / ;dGjo ug]{
lgsfosf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ul/g]5 . -#_
!%= ;a} k|sf/sf afn>dnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ o;nfO{ lgif]w ul/g]5 . -$_
!^= afnaflnsfnfO{ cg'zf;gsf gfddf lbOg] zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ;hfonfO{ kl/jf/,
;d'bfo, ljBfnoaf6 lgT;fxg ug{ ;sf/fTds cg'zf;g k2ltnfO{ k|f]T;fxg
ul/g]5 . -$_
!&= afnaflnsfnfO{ k|nf]eg lbO{ jf ha/h:tL u/L ;8s afnaflnsf agfpg] sfo{nfO{
lgoGq0f ul/g]5 . -%_
!*= ;8s afnaflnsfsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;8sdf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] p4f/,
dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;]jfsf ;fy} kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng Pjd\ plrt Joj:yfkg
sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . -%_
!(= afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] nfngkfng, lzIff tyf g}lts ljsf;sf] lglDt pko'Qm
jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ kl/jf/nfO{ pTk|]l/t ul/g]5 . -%_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
afn clwsf/sf ljifox;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfoxsf] ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd k|fyldstfsf ;fy
;dfj]z ePsf] x'g], afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/L;DaGwL ;]jfk|jfx ug]{ lgsfo ;'b[9 ePsf] x'g],
pgLxpk/ x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj, zf]if0f, lx+;f, pk]Iff / b'Jo{jxf/df sdL cfPsf] x'g] /
cleefjsljxLg, a];xf/f, ul/a kl/jf/sf afnaflnsf tyf b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf afnaflnsfsf]
;+/If0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 113


$=$=& dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f
!= k[i7e"ld
dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ ax'cfoflds, ax'If]qut Pjd\ cGtb]{zLo ;d:of ePsf]
x'Fbf ;/sf/sf] PSnf] k|of;af6 dfq o;sf] lgoGq0f / lg/fs/0f c;Dej /x]sf]n] o;df ;a}
;/f]sf/jfnf ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfo, gful/s ;dfh, lghL If]q / gful/s;d]tsf]
P]Soa4tf / k|of; cfjZos 5 . dfgj a]rlavgdf ;+nUg x'g] ck/fwLxnfO{ sfg'gL bfo/fdf
Nofpg' tyf kLl8txnfO{ Gofo lbnfpg' ;/sf/sf] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L klg xf] . /fli6o tyf
cGt/f{li6o:t/sf ljleGg 3f]if0ffdf ul/Psf] k|lta4tfcg';f/sf] k|fjwfgx sfof{Gjogsf nflu
;/sf/n] cfjZos sfg'g / gLlt th'{df u/L ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfoxsf] ;xof]u, ;dGjo /
;xsfo{df ljleGg sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
dfgj a]rljvgsf] nflu gofFgofF tl/sf / af6f]sf] k|of]u x'g]u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;f]cg';f/
lgoGq0fsf pkfo cjnDag ug{ g;Sg', lgoGq0fdf ;+nUg lgsfoxaLr k|efjsf/L ;dGjo x'g
g;Sg', PsLs[t tYof\s tyf ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] cefj x'g', :jb]zdf /f]huf/L tyf :j/f]huf/Lsf
cj;/df sdL /xg' / j}b]lzs /f]huf/ / dfgj a]rljvgaf/] ;r]tgfsf] cefj x'g' o; If]qsf
r'gf}tL x'g\ .
cj;/
dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ -
lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ / lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] sfof{Gjog x'g', s]xL lhNnfdf ;"rgf tyf k/fdz{
s]Gb|x :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng x'g', dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/lj4 :yfgLo ;ldlt u7g
/ kl/rfng x'g', a]rlavgaf6 kLl8txsf nflu cNksfnLg k'g:yf{kgf s]Gb|x ;~rfng x'g' /
dfgj a]rlavg lgoGq0f;DaGwdf ljleGg lgsfox tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] ;xsfo{ x'g' o;
If]qsf] nflu cj;/ x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ sfo{sf] k"0f{tM lgoGq0faf6 cfTd;Ddfgo'Qm dfgj
;dfhsf] :yfkgf .
#=@ nIo
dfgj a]rlavgsf] hf]lvddf kg{ ;Sg] ;d"x;d'bfosf] klxrfg u/L a]rlavg tyf
cf];f/k;f/ sfo{nfO{ Go"gLs/0f tyf lgoGq0f ug{sf nflu ljBdfg ;+oGq / ;+/rgfxsf]
;'b[9Ls/0f tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .

114 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#=# p2]Zo
!= dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f ug'{ .
@= kLl8t tyf k|efljtxsf] p4f/, ;+/If0f / k'g:yf{kgfsf ;]jfxnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/sf] b[li6n] hf]lvdf]Gd'v ;d"x;d'bfoxsf nflu
nlIft lg/f]wsf pkfox cjnDag ug]{ .
@= dfgj a]rlavg lgoGq0f ug{ kl/rflnt ;+oGq / ;+/rgfxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .
#= dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/af6 kLl8tk|efljtxsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f
ub}{ ltgLxsf] nflu PsLs[t ;]jf k|jfxsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
$= dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0fsf nflu b08xLgtfsf] cGTo u/L
kLl8tk|efljtnfO{ Gofodf kx'Fr clej[l4 ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= hf]lvdk"0f{ ;d"x;d'bfoxsf] klxrfg u/L ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t hLljsf]kfh{g tyf
:j/f]huf/sf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
@= dfgj a]rlavg lgoGq0fsf nflu u}/;/sf/L lgsfo / ;d'bfosf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf
a9fOg]5 . -!_
#= dfgj a]rljvg a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/sf] hf]lvd sd ug{ pgLxsf] ;zQmLs/0f
ul/g]5 . -!_
$= dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/nfO{ /f]Sg :yfgLo:t/;Dd ;'/lIft cfk|jf;g;DaGwL
lzIff tyf ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] ;fy} ;"rgf s]Gb|xsf] :yfkgf
ul/g]5 . -!_
%= /fli6o tyf :yfgLo:t/sf] ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lj4
clwstd / k|efjsf/L kdf kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
^= dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0fsf] nflu dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmdf/f k|jl4{t
;d"x tyf ;+:yfxsf] k|efjsf/L kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
&= kLl8t tyf k|efljtxsf] p2f/, :jb]z lkmtL{, ;+/If0f tyf k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu
;+oGqxsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -@_
*= kLl8t tyf k|efljtxnfO{ lbOg] ;]jfnfO{ dfkb08cg'k agfO{{ k|To]s k|b]zdf
sDtLdf Pp6f cfjZos ;]jf;lxtsf] cNksfnLg tyf bL3{sfnLg k'g:yf{kgf s]Gb|
lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
(= dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ ;DalGwt sfg'gxdf ;d;dflos kl/dfh{g
ul/g]5 . -@_

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 115


!)= kLl8t tyf k|efljtxnfO{ kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfodf k'g:yf{kgf / k'gld{ngkl5sf]
;xof]u / cg'udg sfo{sf] ;'?jft ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= a]rlalvg tyf cf];f/k;f/sf kLl8t tyf k|efljtxnfO{ k|fKt x'g] sfg'gL ;xfotf
tyf Ifltk"lt{nfO{ ;xh agfOg]5 . -#_
!@= dfgj a]rljvg lgoGq0fsf] sfo{df :yfgLo:t/df ;d'bfonfO{ kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f ug{ /fli6o ;ldlt, lhNnf ;ldlt tyf
:yfgLo ;ldltxsf] ;'b[9Ls/0fdfkm{t\ ;Da4 lgsfoxsf] dfgj a]rlavg lj4sf
sfo{xsf] th'{df / sfof{Gjogdf ;dGjo u/L :yfgLo:t/df /x]sf ;a} ;d"x, ;d'bfo
/ ;~hfnnfO{ ;fd]n ul/+b} nlug]5 . -#_
!$= dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/af6 kLl8t tyf k|efljtxsf] ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{
b[li6ut ub}{ 36gf btf{ k|s[ofnfO{ kLl8t tyf k|efljtd}qL agfpFb} Gofodf kxF'r j[l4
ul/g]5 . -$_
!%= afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lxsf] a]rljvg lj4 z"Go ;xgzLntfsf] gLlt
cjnDag ug{ / a]rlavgdf ;+nUg ck/fwLnfO{ sfg'gL bfo/fdf Nofpg cfjZos
sfg'gL tyf gLltut ;'wf/ ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
Dffgj a]rlavgsf] b[li6n] ;Dj]bgzLn If]q, ;d"x / ;d'bfosf] klxrfg Pjd\ cBfjlws
ljj/0f tof/ ePsf] x'g] / clt ljkGg, hf]lvdo'Qm ;d'bfodf ;r]tgf clej[l4 eO{ dfgj
a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/df Go"gLs/0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

$=$=* ;fdflhs ;'/Iff tyf ;+/If0f


!= k[i7e"ld
;fdflhs ;'/Iff tyf ;++/If0f ul/aL Go"gLs/0f / dfgj ;'/Iffsf] dxjk"0f{ ;fwg xf] .
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf] kdf :yflkt u/]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf]
;dfj]zL ljsf; ug{ / lbuf] ljsf; nIosf k|d'v glthfxsf] k|flKtdf an k'ofpg ;fdflhs
;'/Iffn] dxjk"0f{ of]ubfg ug{ ;S5 . cfly{s kn] ljkGg, czQm / c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]sf,
ljkGg Psn dlxnf, ckf\utf ePsf, afnaflnsf, cfgf] x]/rfx cfkm+} ug{ g;Sg] tyf nf]kf]Gd'v
hfltsf gful/s, blnt cflbnfO{ nlIft u/L :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;]jf, lbjf vfhf, 5fqj[lQ, tflnd,
/f]huf/Lnufotsf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/Psf 5g\ . ;fdflhs
;xfotfcGtu{t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQfaf6 @@ nfv ^% xhf/ gful/sx nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ .
o;sf cltl/Qm cjsf; k|fKt lghfdtL sd{rf/L, lzIfs, k|x/L tyf g]kfnL ;]gfsf ;sn bhf{sf
JolQmxnfO{ ;d]t ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf kdf lgj[QLe/0f k|bfg ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 .

116 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


oL pknlAwxsf afah'b @)&@ j}zfvdf uPsf] dxfe"sDkn] w]/} kl/jf/nfO{ k'gM ul/aLsf]
b'Zrqmdf ws]n]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5, h;df 7"nf] lx::ff j[4, dlxnf, ckf, blnt Pjd\
;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] /x]sf] 5 . k|fs[lts k|sf]kxsf] k'g/fj[lQ, /fhgLlts ;+qmd0f / lg/Gt/
rln/xg] cfGbf]ngxsf] sf/0f d'n'sn] ck]Iff u/]cg';f/sf] cfly{s ;fdflhs kfGt/0f x'g
g;s]sf] ljBdfg kl/l:yltn] ;d]t ul/aLsf] /]vfd'gL k'Ug] hg;\Vofdf yk j[l4 x'g hfg] b]lvPsf]
5 . ljBdfg ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/lznfdf 6]s]/ cfjZos gLltut, sfg'gL /
lgodgsf/L k|fk tof/ ub}{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|0ffnLnfO{ cem Jofks, ljQLo kn] lbuf], ;'b[9
tyf k|efjsf/L agfpg' cfjZos ePsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
x/]s jif{ k|efjxLg gofF sfo{qmd yKb} hfg] k|j[lQnfO{ /f]Sg', ;fdflhs ;'/Iff;DaGwL ljleGg
;d"x tyf ;d'bfosf] a9\bf] dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{, pko'Qm gLltut, sfg'gL / lgodgsf/L
k|fksf] ljsf; ug'{, ;fdflhs ;'/IffnfO{ cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;sf cGo If]qsf gLlt /
sfo{qmdx;Fu cfa4 ub}{ n}hfg', 5l/Psf / cJojl:yt ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf sfo{qmdxnfO{
k'g/fjnf]sg tyf PsLs[t ub}{ ul/aL, jl~rtLs/0f Pjd\ hf]lvddf /x]sf hg;d'bfonfO{ klxrfg
u/L pgLxsf] hLjgdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg' / ljQLo kn] wfGg ;lsg] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug'{ k|d'v r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
;fdflhs ;+/If0fsf cfwf/e"t k"jf{wf/x tof/ ePsf 5g\ . ;fdflhs ;+/If0f /fli6o
ljsf;sf] Ps dxjk"0f{ Ph]08fsf] kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 eg] o; If]qdf nufgLdf pNn]vgLo
kdf j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] klg 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgaf6 o; If]qnfO{ ;f/e"t / u'0ffTds kdf cl3
a9fpg] s'/fdf /fhgLlts ;xdlt :yflkt ePsf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifsf] :yfkgfn]
of]ubfgd"ns ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf sfo{qmdxnfO{ gLltut, sfg'gL / ;+:yfut ;'wf/;lxt cl3
a9fpg dfu{ k|z:t u/]sf] 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
cfwf/e"t ;fdflhs ;+/If0fsf ;]jf ;'ljwfxdf ;a} gful/sxsf] kx'Fraf6 ;dtfd"ns
;dfh lgdf{0f .
#=@ nIo
;fdflhs ;+/If0fsf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;dfj]zL, u'0f:t/Lo Pjd\ k|efjsf/L agfO{ nf]s
sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] :yfkgf ug{ ;3fp k'ofpg] .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 117


#=# p2]Zo
1. k|d'v ;fdflhs ;+/If0fsf sfo{qmdxdf ;dfhsf ;a}eGbf ljkGg / hf]lvddf /x]sf
hg;d'bfosf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug'{ .
2. ljBdfg ;fdflhs ;+/If0fsf sfo{qmdxnfO{ bf]xf]/f] gkg]{ u/L PsLs[t / ;'b[9 ug'{ .
3. ;'b[9 / k|efjsf/L k|fs[lts k|sf]k Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
1. ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|0ffnLsf] PsLs[t 9fFrf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] .
2. ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf If]qdf gLltut tyf sfg'gL k"jf{wf/ / 5l/tf] lgodgsf/L ;+/rgfsf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
3. of]ubfgd"ns :jf:Yo Pjd\ ;fdflhs ladfnfO{{ k|f]T;fxg / k|j4{g ug]{ .
4. ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ ;'/If0f -ladf_ sf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng / lj:tf/ ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
1. Ho]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, ckftf ePsf JolQm, nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfosf kl/jf/xnfO{
lbOg] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf, :jf:Yo ladf, kz' ladf, afnL ladfnufotsf ;fdflhs
;'/Iffsf sfo{qmdx nlIft ;d'bfo tyf ju{df ;xh kdf pknAw u/fpg ;fdflhs
;'/Iff k|0ffnLsf] PsLs[t 9fFrf sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -!_
2. Ho]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, ckftf ePsf JolSt, nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfosf kl/jf/xnfO{
lbOFb} cfPsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf ;xh tyf ;dod} pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -!_
3. ljkGg, ;LdfGts[t tyf nf]kf]Gd'v cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ cfwf/e"t lzIff tyf :jf:Yo
;]jfx lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fOg]5 . -!_
4. a9L hf]lvdsf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf nlIft ;d'bfosf] cfjZostfnfO{ klxn] ;Daf]wg
ul/g]5 . -@_
5. ;fdflhs ;'/IffnfO{ nlIft ju{xdf lj:tf/ ub}{ n}hfg cfjZos kg]{ gLltut tyf
sfg'gL k"jf{wf/ / lgodgsf/L lgsfo :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -@_
6. hgtfsf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] kdf /x]sf] :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'lglZrt ug{
of]ubfgd"ns :jf:Yo ladf lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -#_
7. /fli6o 9's'6Laf6 k|bfg ul/g] lgj[QLe/0fsf] a9\bf] bfloTjsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu
of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t lgj[QLe/0f sfo{qmd ;'? ul/g]5 . -#_
8. ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ ;'/If0f -ladf_ sf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng / lj:tf/ ug{ gLltut /
sfg'gL Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -$_
9. ;xsf/L k|0ffnLcGtu{t g} k'g;{'/If0f -k'gla{df_ sf] ;+:yfut Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -$_

118 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


$= ck]lIft pknlAw
;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] bfo/f km/flsnf] ePsf] x'g], ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|0ffnLsf] PsLs[t 9fFrf
th'{df ePsf] x'g], ;fdflhs ;'/Iff;DaGwL ljw]os :jLs[t eO{ sfof{Gjog ePsf] x'g], 5l/P/ /x]sf
sfo{qmdx PsLs[t eO{ Jojl:yt kdf sfof{Gjog ePsf x'g] / ;dfhdf /x]sf] c;dfgtf sd
ug{ ;fy} d'n'ssf] ;du| gful/s ;''/Iffdf 6]jf k'u]sf] x'g]5 .

$=$=( Ho]i7 gful/s


!= k[i7e"ld
Ho]i7 gful/sxsf] nflu ljz]if ;+/If0f tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs ;+ljwfgn] k|Tofe"t
u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L Ho]i7 gful/s;DaGwL P]g, lgodfjnL tyf /fli6o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf
/x]sf 5g\ . s'n hg;\Vofsf] *=!$ k|ltzt Ho]i7 gful/sdWo] k'if Ho]i7 gful/s *=@*
k|ltzt / dlxnf Ho]i7 gful/s &=(* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ho]i7 gful/sxk|lt
;Ddfg:jk dfl;s kdf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . o:tf] ;fdflhs
;'/Iff eQf kfpg] Ho]i7 gful/sxsf] ;\Vof cf=j= @)&!&@ df ( nfv %! xhf/ $ ;o !(
k'u]sf] 5 . ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfoAfLr ;dGjosf nflu s]Gb|Lo Ho]i7 gful/s sNof0f ;ldlt / ;a}
lhNnfxdf lhNnf Ho]i7 gful/s sNof0f ;ldlt u7g ePsf 5g\ . a];xf/f Ho]i7 gful/sxnfO{
cf>o;lxtsf] ;]jf pknAw u/fpg kz'kltdf ;/sf/L lgsfosf kdf j[4f>d ;~rfng ePsf]
5 eg] ;+:yfxsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ljleGg :yfgdf j[4f>dx ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
Ho]i7 gful/sxdf /x]sf ljifout 1fg, ;Lk, Ifdtf / cg'ejsf] clwstd ;b'kof]u ug'{,
;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 ;~rflnt sfo{qmdxsf] lgodg / ;dGjo ug'{, j[4f>d tyf
Ho]i7 gful/s lbjf ;]jf s]Gb| Jojl:yt ug'{, Ho]i7 gful/sxsf] nflu sfd ug]{ ;+:yfxnfO{
k|bfg ul/g] cg'bfgsf] dfkb08nfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf sfof{Gjog ug'{ cflb r'gf}tLx /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
;+ljwfgdf Ho]i7 gful/ssf] xs;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ df}lns xssf] kdf /flvPsf],
;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf ;x'lnot, ;/sf/L c:ktfnxdf a]8 5'6\ofpg], ;]jf k|bfos lgsfoxaf6
ljz]if ;'ljwf lbg] Joj:yfx ul/Psf], s]Gb|Lo Ho]i7 gful/s sNof0f sf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/L c;xfo,
b'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8t Ho]i7 gful/sxnfO{ /fxt, ;'/Iff / :jf:Yo pkrf/ k|bfg ul/Psf],
k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{noxdfkm{t\ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ k|f/De ePsf],
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf ;fd'bflos If]qaf6 Ho]i7 gful/ssf] If]qdf lqmofzLntf a9\b} uPsf]nfO{
o; If]qsf] cj;/sf kdf lng ;lsG5 .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 119


#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
Ho]i7 gful/sxsf] cfwf/e"t xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f Pjd\ ;Ddfghgs / ;Gt'li6k"0f{
hLjgofkg .
#=@ nIo
Ho]i7 gful/sxsf ;]jf ;'ljwfxsf] kxF'rnfO{ ;xh agfO{ pgLxnfO{ ;'/lIft / ;Ddflgt
t'Nofpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= Ho]i7 gful/sxsf] ;Ddfghgs hLjgofkgsf nflu cfjZos ;]jf / ;'ljwfx
lj:tf/ ug'{ .
@= Ho]i7 gful/sk|lt kl/jf/, ;d'bfo / /fHosf] bfloTjaf]w u/fOg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= Ho]i7 gful/sk|lt x'g] lx+;f tyf b'Jo{jxf/ x6fO{ pgLxsf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ .
@= ljz]if hf]lvddf /x]sf Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ NflIft u/L k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{
.
#= ;a}af6 Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= lx+;f tyf b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ ;+/If0f, pkrf/ / dgf]ljdz{ tyf
sfg'gL ;xfotf pknAw u/fOg]5 . -!_
@= Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{nfO{ sfg'gL bfo/fdf Nofpg cfjZos gLltut tyf
sfg'gL Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_
#= Ho]i7 gful/sxsf] nflu /fHoaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;fj{hlgs ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] dfkb08
lgwf{/0f u/L To:tf] ;'ljwf k|fyldstfsf ;fy pknAw u/fpg lghL If]qnfO{ ;d]t
k||f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -@_
$= u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx Pjd\ ;d'bfo;d]tsf]] ;fem]bf/Ldf k|To]s k|b]zdf :jf:Yo pkrf/
;'ljwf;lxtsf] sDtLdf PsPs j[4f>d ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
%= u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxDffkm{t\ Ho]i7 gful/s ;d"x tyf Sna u7g / lbjf ;]jf s]Gb|
;~rfng ug{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -@_
^= lx+;fkLl8t, kl/ToQm, zf/Ll/s Pjd\ dfgl;s kn] czQm ePsf ljz]if hf]lvddf
/x]sf Ho]i7 gful/sxsf nflu nlIft u/L ljz]if /fxt tyf k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmd
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
&= j[4f>d tyf lbjf;]jf s]Gb|xsf] lgodg / cg'udgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -@_

120 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


*= Ho]i7 gful/sk|lt ;Ddfg clej[l4 ug{ ;d'bfo:t/;Dd ;r]tgfsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ul/g]5 . -@_
(= k"jL{o bz{gcg';f/ afa'cfdfnufot Ho]i7 ;b:oxsf] x]/rf/ tyf kfngkf]if0f ug]{
kl/jf/sf ;b:oxnfO{ ;fy} ;\3;+:yfxnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/g]5 . -#_
!)= d/0ff]k/fGt cfgf] ;DklQ OR5fcg';f/ x:tfGt/0f ug{kfpg] OR5fkqsf] Joj:Yff ug{
sfg'gL Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;]jf ;'ljwfdf kx'Fr a9]sf] x'g], Ho]i7 gful/sxsf] kfngkf]if0f tyf
x]/rfxsf ;fy} ;Ddfgk"0f{ hLjgofkg ug{sf nflu ;/sf/, k/f]ksf/L ;fdflhs ;\3;+:yfx /
kl/jf/af6 ;xof]u k'Uf]sf] x'g] / ;a} Ho]i7 gful/sdf ;'/lIft Pjd\ ;Ddflgt /x]sf] cg'e"lt
x'g]5 .

$=$=!) ckf\utf ePsf JolQmx


!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfndf s'n hg;\Vofsf] !=($ k|ltzt ckftf ePsf JolQm /x]sf 5g\ . ckftf ePsf
JolQmdWo] ;a}eGbf a9L zf/Ll/s ckftf ePsf #^=# k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn]
ckf\utf ePsf gful/snfO{ ljljwtfsf] klxrfg;lxt dof{bf / cfTd;Ddfgk"j{s hLjgofkg ug{
kfpg] / ;fj{hlgs ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfdf ;dfg kx'Frsf] xs :yflkt u/]sf] 5 . ckftf ePsf
JolQmxsf] clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6 ;\3Lo dxf;lGw / o;sf] OR5fwLg cfn]v, @))^,
OGrf]g /0fgLlt -@)!#@)@@_ nufotsf cGt/f{li6o k|lta4tfxnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmd, cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts
;dfj]zLs/0f, ;sf/fTds lje]b tyf lghfdtL ;]jfdf cf/If0f, ckftf ePsf JolQmxf/f
;~rflnt ;+:yfxdfkm{t\ ckftf If]qsf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng, k"0f{ czQm / clt czQmxsf
nflu ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf tyf Jofj;flos tyf ;Lkd"ns tflndnufotsf sfo{qmdx
;~rfng u/]sf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;Dk"0f{ ef}lts ;+/rgfnfO{ ckfd}qL agfpg', ckftf;DaGwL sfd ug]{ ;+:yfxnfO{ b'u{d
If]qdf kl/rfng ug'{ / dfgl;s Pjd\ af}l4s ckftf ePsf JolQmxsf] nflu pko'Qm sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug'{h:tf sfo{x r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} ckftf ePsf JolQmxsf] nflu
;Lkd"ns tflnd ;~rfng ug]{ ;+:yf gx'g' / ckftfk|ltsf] ;fdflhs b[li6sf]0fdf kl/jt{g
Nofpg g;Sg' klg o; If]qsf r'gf}tLx x'g\ .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 121


cj;/
ckftf ePsf JolQmxsf] clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf nflu P]g / cfjf;Lo k'g:yf{kgf ;]jf
;~rfng ljlw, @)&@ tyf ckftf ePsf JolQmsf nflu kxF'ro'Qm ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf ;~rf/
;]jf lgb{]l{zsf, @)^( sfof{Gjog x'g', dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{nodf alx/f ckftf ePsf
JolQmxsf lglDt bf]efif] ;xof]uLsf] nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg x'g', ckftf;DaGwL ;xfos ;fdu|L
pTkfbg tyf ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf x'g', /fHosf] k|zf;lgs tyf /fhgLlts txdf k|ltlglwTjsf]
;'lglZrttf x'g', ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng / ;fj{hlgs ef}lts
;+/rgfx ckfd}qL agfpg] k4ltsf] ljsf; x'g' o; If]qsf cj;/ x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;a} k|sf/sf ckftf ePsf JolQmx ;Ifd, :jfjnDaL / cfTdlge{/ .
#=@ nIo
ckftfsf] cfwf/df x'g] ;Dk"0f{ e]befjxsf] cGTosf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/Lsf
cj;/xdf ;xh kx'Fr a9fO{ ckftf ePsf JolQmxsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= ;a} k|sf/sf ckftf ePsf JolQmxnfO{ ;Ddfgk"0f{ / cj/f]wd'Qm jftfj/0fdf
hLjgofkgsf nflu cj;/ pknAw u/fpg' tyf ;]jf ;'ljwfxdf pgLxsf]
;dtfd"ns kx'Fr a9fpg' .
@= ckftf ePsf JolQmxsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;zQmLs/0f ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= k"jf{wf/ Pjd\ ;]jf k|jfx ug]{ lgsfoxnfO{ ckfd}qL agfO{ kx'Fr a9fpg] .
@= k"0f{ ckf\utf ePsf JolQmsf nflu k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .
#= ckf\utf ePsf JolQmxsf] nflu /f]huf/L, pBdzLntf tyf :j/f]huf/sf cj;/
k|fKt x'g] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;fj{hlgs ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf ;~rf/ ;]jfnfO{ kx'Fro'Qm / ckftfd}qL agfOg]5 . -!_
@= df}hb' f ;fj{hlgs ;+/rgf, gofF lgdf{0f tyf k'gM lgdf{0f x'g] ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf
lgsfo, ;/sf/L ejg, ;fj{hlgs :ynsf ;]jf, ;8s oftfoft, lzIffnufotsf
k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgf tyf ;'ljwfnfO{ ckftfd}qL agfpFb} nlug]5 . -!_
#= ckftf ePsf JolQmxsf nflu ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf ;~rf/ ;]jfnfO{ kx'Fro'Qm
agfpg cfjZos r]tgfd"ns / k}/jL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_

122 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


$= ckftf ePsf JolQmxsf] nflu sfd ug]{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] sfo{qmdxsf]
cg'udg u/L k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -!_
%= ;'ljwf;DkGg ckftf k'g:yf{kgf s]Gxsf] :yfkgf u/L af}l4s ckftf, cl6Hd
ePsf, k"0f{ / clt czQm ckftf ePsf a];xf/f JolQmxsf nflu u}/;/sf/L
;\3;+:yf Pjd\ lghL If]q;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf k'g:yf{kgf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf / lj:tf/ ub}{
nlug]5 . -@_
^= ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmdnfO{ :yfgLo lgsfox tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfosf] ;dGjodf yk k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -@_
&= ckf\utf ePsf JolQmxsf] x]/rf/ tyf kfngkf]if0f ug{ kl/jf/sf ;b:oxnfO{
clek|]l/t ul/g]5 . -@_
*= ckf\utf ePsf JolQmxsf] nflu lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfxsf] Joj:yfkg ug{
k/f]ksf/L ;fdflhs ;\3 ;+:yfxsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -@_
(= ckftf ePsf JolQmxsf] kl/rokq ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ l8lh6nfO{h8 ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= k"0f{ czQm ckf\utf ePsf JolQmxnfO{ ;xof]uL ;]jf pknAw u/fOg]5 . -@_
!!= ckftfsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ ;Lkd"ns / Jofj;flos tflnd k|bfg u/L /f]huf/Lsf
cj;/xdf kx'Fr lj:tf/ tyf :j/f]huf/Lsf cj;/x l;h{gf ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= ckftf ePsf JolQmxsf] zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ljsf;sf nflu v]ns'b tyf
dgf]/~hgsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= a|]n lnlk, 8]hL jf ckf\utfcg's"nsf] gjLgtd k|ljlwdf k9\g kfpg] cj;/ ;[hgf
ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
sfg'gL, ;+:yfut tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/xsf] lj:tf/ eO{ ckftfd}qL / cj/f]wd'Qm jftfj/0f
lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], dgf];fdflhs ckftf, cl6Hd ePsf, k"0f{ / clt czQm ckftf ePsf
a]jfl/;] dlxnf tyf k'?ifsf nflu lghL tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf;d]tsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf k'g:yf{kgf
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] x'g], ckftf ePsf JolQmxn] k|of]u ug]{ ;xof]uL ;fdu|Lxsf]
:jb]zdf pTkfbg / ljt/0f ePsf] x'g] / ckftf If]qdf ljleGg 1fg ;Lk ePsf hgzlQmsf]
ljsf; tyf ckftf ePsf JolQmxsf] /f]huf/L tyf :j/f]huf/Ldf kx'Fr :yflkt ePsf] x'g]5 .

$=$=!! /f]huf/L k|Tofe"lt


!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] >d ahf/df jif]{gL $ nfv %) xhf/ >dzlQm ylkFb} uPsf] 5 . !% b]lv %( jif{
pd]/ ;d"xsf sfd ug{ rfxg] s'n >dzlQmdWo] sl/a @=# k|ltzt -j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf
JolQmxafx]s_ a]/f]huf/ / #) k|ltzt >dzlQm cw{ a]/f]huf/ /x]sf] 5 . a9\b} uPsf]

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 123


>dzlQmsf nflu ;/sf/L If]qdf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x Hofb} ;Lldt ePsfn] /f]huf/Lsf lglDt
lghL If]qdf a9L lge{/ /xg' kl//x]sf] cj:yf 5 . d'n'sleq /f]hfuf/Lsf cj;/x lgs} sd
ePsfn] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] JolQmxsf] ;\Vof a9\b} uPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] k|To]s
gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] xs x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . /f]huf/Lsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
s0ff{NfL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] 5, h;df ul/aLsf] /]vfd'gL /x]sf k|To]s kl/jf/sf
PshgfnfO{ jif{df sDtLdf !)) lbgsf] /f]huf/Lsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . /f]huf/Lsf]
k|Tofe"lt ug]{ o:tf] sfo{qmdx cGo If]qdf klg lj:tf/ ul/g' cfjZos ePsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
>d ahf/df jif]{gL ylkg] hgzlQmsf] t'ngfdf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x Go"g x'g', >d ahf/df
bIf tyf cw{bIf hgzlQmsf] dfu a9L ePsf] t/ >dzlQmsf] Hofb} 7"nf] lx:;f cbIf ePsf]n]
o:tf >dzlQmn] /f]huf/L kfpg] cj:yf ;Lldt x'g, ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf hg;\Vof a9L
ePsf lhNnf Pjd\ k|b]zdf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{qmdx sd ;~rfng x'g' ;fy} /f]huf/Lsf nflu
ljb]zdf uP/ ul/g] w]/}h;f] sfo{x :jb]zdf eg] ug{ grfxg] k|j[lQ pRr x'g' o; If]qsf k|d'v
r'gf}tL x'g\ .
cj;/
d'n'sdf cfly{s ultljlwx a9\b} uPsf, lghL tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qdf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x
l;h{gf x'Fb} uPsf, e"sDknufot k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 Ifltu|:t ef}lts ;+/rgfxsf] k'glg{df{0f 7"nf]
dfqfdf ug'{kg]{ cflbsf] sf/0f :jb]zd} /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x w]/} l;h{gf x'g' /f]huf/Lsf nflu
cj;/sf] kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
sfd / /f]huf/Lsf] k|Tofe"ltaf6 gful/ssf] hLjg:t/ ;'wf/ / ;zQmLs/0f .
#=@ nIo
tf]lsPsf lhNnfsf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf k|To]s kl/jf/sf sfd ug]{ pd]/ ;d"xsf ! hgf
;b:onfO{ jif{df Go"gtd !)) lbgsf] /f]huf/Lsf] k|Tofe"lt ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf tf]lsPsf lhNnfsf kl/jf/sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg Go"gtd
/f]huf/Lsf] ;'lglZrtf ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= tf]lsPsf lhNnfsf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf kl/jf/sf] clen]vg u/L /f]huf/Lsf]
bfo/fdf Nofpg] .

124 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


@= Go"gtd !)) lbgsf] /f]huf/Lsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ ;/sf/L If]qaf6 ljsf; lgdf{0fsf
sfo{qmdx PsLs[t kdf To:tf If]qdf ;~rfng ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf tf]lsPsf lhNnfsf kl/jf/sf ;b:oxsf] ;e]{If0f u/L
pgLxnfO{ :yfgLo:t/d} k|of]udf cfpg] ljleGg k|sf/sf ;Lkd"ns tflnd k|bfg
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= ul/aLsf] /]vfd'gL /x]sf kl/jf/sf] bIftf j[l4 ug{ sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]]5 . -!_
#= Go"gtd !)) lbgsf] /f]huf/Lsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ k'glg{df{0f / gjlgdf{0f sfo{qmdx
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
$= tf]lsPsf lhNnfk|b]zdf lglZrt ;dosf] nflu ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf JolQmxsf
lglDt clgjfo{ /f]huf/L pknAw u/fpgsf] nflu /f]huf/ k|Tofe"lt P]g th'{df
ul/g]5 . -@_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
tf]lsPsf lhNnfsf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf kl/jf/sf ;b:oxn] ;Lkd"ns tflnd kfPsf]
x'g], Go"gtd !)) lbgsf] /f]huf/Lsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ ;/sf/L If]qaf6 ljsf; lgdf{0fsf
sfo{qmdx To:tf If]qdf ;~rfng ePsf x'g] / ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf JolStxsf lglDt sfd
tyf clgjfo{ /f]huf/L pknAw u/fpg /f]huf/ k|Tofe"lt P]g th'{df ePsf] x'g]5 .

$=$=!@ ;fdflhs ladf


!= k[i7e"ld
cfly{s cj:yf /fd|f] gePsf gful/sxnfO{ cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] /fxt k|bfg ug{ w]/}h;f]
b]zxn] ;fdflhs ladf of]hgf ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . /fHof/f Joj:yf ul/Psf] o:tf]
;fdflhs ladfcGtu{t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, d]l8s]o/, d]l8sP8, a]/f]huf/ eQfh:tf sfo{qmdx
;~rfng ul/Psf] x'G5 . g]kfndf Ho]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, ckf\utf ePsf JolSt, nf]kf]Gd'v
cflbjf;L hghfltsf kl/jf/xnfO{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . o:t}, ;/sf/L
;]jfaf6 ;fy} sltko ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgaf6 ;]jflgj[Q sd{rf/LxnfO{ lgj[QLe/0f k|bfg ul/Psf]
5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] cfly{s kn] ljkGg, czQm / c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]sf, c;xfo Psn
dlxnf, ckf\utf ePsf, afnaflnsf, cfgf] x]/rfx cfkm+} ug{ g;Sg] tyf nf]kGd'v hfltsf
gful/snfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iff pknAw u/fOg] s'/f df}lnsxssf kdf Joj:yf
u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf clwsfz+ kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ /x]sf] 5 . cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf]
kdf /x]sf] :jf:Yo ;]jf lgs} vlr{nf] x'guPsf] 5 . c:ktfndf a:fL pkrf/ u/fpg'kg]{ vfnsf
/f]ux nfu]df jf b'3{6gfdf k/L pkrf/ u/fpg'kg]{ cj:yf k/]df w]/}h;f] kl/jf/nfO{
If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 125
:jf:Yof]krf/afkt a]xf]g'{kg]{ vr{sf] Joj:yf ug{ ufx|f] k5{ eg] ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf kl/jf/sf]
nflu eg] o:tf] vr{ h'6fpg k|foM c;Dej g} x'G5 . o;y{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd, lgj[QLe/0f
of]hgfh:tf /fHosf]ifaf6 Joxf]l/g] ;'ljwf kfpg] ;]jflgj[Q ePsf ;fy} axfnjfnf lghfdtL
sd{rf/L, k|x/L, g]kfnL ;]gf, lzIfsafx]s tf]lsPsf] cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] :t/ ePsf
JolQmxnfO{ :jf:Yof]krf/sf nflu cfly{s ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg cfjZos ePsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qaf6 pknAw u/fOg] :jf:Yo ;]jfxsf] af/]df u|fdL0f If]qsf w]/}h;f]
JolQmxnfO{ sd hfgsf/L x'g', :jf:Yo ladfaf/]df cgle1 x'g' / ;fdflhs ladf sfo{qmdn]
;d]6\g'kg]{ hg:f\Vofsf] cfsf/ 7"nf] ePsfn] /fHon] w]/} 7"nf] /sd Joxf]g'{kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf
x'g'h:tf r'gf}tL /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] cfly{s kn] ljkGg, czQm / c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]sf, c;xfo Psn
dlxnf, ckf\utf ePsf, afnaflnsf, cfgf] x]/rfx cfkm+} ug{ g;Sg] tyf nf]kGd'v hfltsf
gful/snfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iff pknAw u/fOg] s'/f df}lns xssf kdf Joj:yf
u/]sf]n] ;fdflhs ladf sfo{qmdcGtu{t :jf:Yo pkrf/sf nflu cfly{s ;xfotfsf] Joj:yf ug]{
cj;/ /x]sf] 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;fdflhs ladf ;]jfdfkm{t\ cfdhgtfsf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf ;'wf/ .
#=@ nIo
;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd, lgj[QLe/0f of]hgfh:tf /fHosf]ifaf6 Joxf]l/g] ;'ljwfx gkfPsf
JolQmxsf] :jf:Yof]krf/sf] nflu ;fdflhs ladfsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
nlIftju{ tyf ;d'bfosf] nflu ;fdflhs ladf sf]if ;~rfng u/L pgLxsf] :jf:Yo
l:yltdf ;'wf/ ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= nlIft ju{ tyf ;d'bfosf JolQmxsf] :jf:Yo pkrf/df ;xof]u k'ofpg ;fdflhs
ladf sf]if :yfkgf ug]{ .
@= ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd, lgj[QLe/0f of]hgfh:tf /fHosf]ifaf6 ;'ljwf kfpg] ;]jf
lgj[Q ;fy} axfnjfnf lghfdtL sd{rf/L, k|x/L, g]kfnL ;]gf / lzIfsafx]s tf]lsPsf]

126 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


ju{ jf ;d'bfosf JolQmxnfO{ c:ktfndf egf{ eO{ pkrf/ u/fpFbf /fxt:jk
cfly{s ;xfotf k|bfg ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= sfg'gL Joj:yf u/L ;fdflhs ladf sf]if ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
@= ;fdflhs ladfcGtu{t :jf:Yof]krf/afkt k|bfg ul/g] cfly{s ;xfotf;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf
tof/ ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ;fdflhs sf]ifaf6 tf]lsPsf ju{ jf ;d'bfosf JolStxn] c:ktfndf egf{ eO{
:jf:Yof]krf/ u/fPdf ;fdflhs ladf sf]ifaf6 cfly{s ;xfotf pknAw u/fOg]5 . -@_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
sfg'gL Joj:yf;lxtsf] ;fdflhs ladf sf]if :yfkgf ul/Psf] x'g] / ;fdflhs ladf sf]ifaf6
tf]lsPsf ju{ jf ;d'bfosf JolQmxn] :jf:Yof]krf/ nflu cfly{s ;xfotf kfPsf] x'g]5 .
$=$=!# ;fd'bflos tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx
!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx;d]t
dxjk"0f{ ;fem]bf/sf] kdf /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] o; lsl;dsf ;\3;+:yfsf] nufgL /
e"ldsfnfO{ /fli6o cfjZostf / k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qdf ;+nUg u/fpg] ljifo k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 .
cf=j= @)&! cfiff9;Dddf #(,&^# /fli6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx / @!! cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L
;+:yf ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\df btf{ ePsf 5g\ . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ ;/sf/sf] ljsf;
k|of;df ;xof]uLsf] kdf of]ubfg ug{;Sg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ / pgLxaf6 kf/bzL{ /
pQ/bfoL ;]jf k|jfx u/fpg]tkm{ hf]8 lbg cfjZos 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
cGt/f{l{i6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] ;~rfng Pjd\ ;xhLs/0fdf Psf/ k|0ffnL ckgfpg',
g]kfndf sfof{no gePsf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;xhLs/0f ug{', ;+:yfxsf] ;~rfng /
Joj:yfkgdf k|efjsf/L lgodg ug{', ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\sf] ;+/rgfut Pjd\ Joj:yfksLo
Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{' / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ kf/bzL{ / hjfkmb]xL agfO{ /fli6o k|fyldstfsf
If]qdf kl/rfng ug{' o; If]qsf] r'gf}tL x'g .
cj;/
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx ;+:yfut k'FhL cfh{g u/L :jlge{/tftkm{ pGd'v x'Fb} hfg', ljsf;
;xfotf gLlt, @)&! Aff6 logLxsf] e"ldsf ;'lglZrt ul/g', ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\af6
kl/of]hgf ;Demf}tf;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&!, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] kl/of]hgf ;xhLs/0f

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 127


sfo{ljlw, @)&), ;fdflhs ;\3;+:yfsf] cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f Pjd\ d"Nof\sg lgb]{lzsf, @)&!
sf] sfof{Gjog x'g', cfly{s hLjgdf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] e"ldsf Pjd\ nufgLdf pNn]vgLo
lj:tf/ x'g', u}/;/sf/L If]qsf] lqmofsnfksf] j[l4;Fu} ;fdflhs Pjd\ cfly{s ljsf;sf] sfo{df
lj:tf/ x'g', ;/sf/L:t/af6 ;fdflhs Pjd\ cfly{s lqmofsnfkdf nufgL ug{ g;Sg] If]qdf
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ ljsf; ;fe]mbf/sf] kdf kl/rfng ug]{ ;Defjgf /xg'h:tf s'/f o;
If]qsf cj;/ x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
/fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] ;'b[9, dof{lbt / kf/bzL{ e"ldsfdfkm{t\ b]zsf]
cfly{s, ;fdflhs kfGt/0f .
#=@ nIo
/fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ ;/sf/sf] k|ToIf pkl:ylt gePsf] / /fli6o
k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qdf kl/rfng u/L hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ /fli6o k|fyldstfsf] If]qdf kl/rfng
ug{' .
@= /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ kf/bzL{ / pQ/bfoL agfpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] nufgL /fli6o k|fyldstfsf] If]qtkm{
lglb{i6 u/L ;dfh sNof0fsf] sfo{df yk ;xof]u k'ofpg] .
@= :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfxsf] :yfgLo lgsfo;Fusf] ;dGjo,
;xeflutf / ;xsfo{nfO{ pRr, lbuf] / km/flsnf] agfO{ ;dfhsf] cfly{s tyf
;fdflhs ljsf;df of]ubfg k'ofpg] .
#= u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] kl/rfng, lgodg, cg'dug / d"NofgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{{
cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] ;'zf;g sfod ug{ ;xof]u k'ofpg] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= :yfgLo txdf pknAw x'g] ef}lts, dfgjLo tyf k|ljlwhGo ;|f]tsf] pkof]unfO{
k|fyldstf lbFb} /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] ;|f]tnfO{ dfgj ljsf;
;"rsfdf k5fl8 k/]sf] If]q, nlIft ;d"x, ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo, lk5l8Psf] If]q, u|fdL0f
ljkGg If]q tyf ;d'bfosf] ;zQmLs/0f, hLljsfsf] k|j4{g, lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL,
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f tyf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg, ljkb\kl5sf] gjlgdf{0f tyf k'glg{df{0fh:tf
/fli6o k|fyldstfsf If]qdf lglb{i6 ul/g]5 . -!_

128 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


@= /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ ljsf; ;xfotf gLlt, @)&! cg'k
kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
#= g]kfndf sfof{no gePsf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 ;f]em} k|fKt x'g] ;|f]tsf
sfo{qmd;d]t ;xhLs/0f ;ldltaf6 l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfgnfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf
sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -!_
$= cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] lhNnfdf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ubf{ :yfgLo txdf sfo{/t
;+:yf 5gf]6 ug'{kg]{ / pknAw gePdf dfq glhssf] sfo{/t ;+:yf 5gf]6 ug'{kg]{
k|0ffnLnfO{ yk k|efjsfl/tfsf ;fy cjnDag ul/g]5 . -@_
%= u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf lqmofsnfkxdf kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]lxtf / pQ/bfloTj ;'lglZrt
ug{ of]hgf lgdf{0fb]lv sfof{Gjog;Ddsf ;a} r/0fxdf :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf
:yfgLo lgsfosf] ;xeflutf, ;xsfo{ / ;dGjonfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 . -@_
^= cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxn] g]kfndf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ dxfn]vf lgoGqs
sfof{noaf6 lglb{i6 ul/Psf] jfl0fHo a}+sdf vftf ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf k|efjsf/L
kdf nfu" ul/g]5 . -@_
&= /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] vr{sf] dfkb08 lgb]{lzsf agfO{ k|efjsf/L
kdf sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -#_
*= lkIfLo, ax'kIfLo / cGt/;/sf/L:t/df ;Demf}tf eO{ g]kfnsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] sf]if
cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxn] cGo b]zsf] nflu pkof]u ug{ gkfOg] Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -#_
(= cGt/f{li6o tyf /fli6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ Psf/ k|0ffnLaf6 kl/rfng ug{
cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -#_
!)= dGqfno / ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\df /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx;DaGwL
ljB'tLo ;"rgf k|0ffnL tof/ ul/g]5 . -#_
!!= u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] ;~rfng u/]sf] sfo{qmdsf] ;DaGwdf ;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f tyf
;'g'jfOsf] Joj:yf clgjfo{ kdf ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -#_
!@= u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] sfo{df yk kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]lxtf / pQ/bfloTj sfod ug{
cfrf/;+lxtf lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -#_
!#= /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 ;~rflnt sfo{qmdxsf] clen]vf\sg,
;dGjo, cg'udg tyf d"Nofg ;DalGwt ljifout dGqfnoaf6 ul/g]5 . -#_
!$= u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ sfo{k|s[lt / sfo{If]qsf] cfwf/df juL{s/0f u/L lgodg sfo{
Psf/ k|0ffnLaf6 ul/g]5 . -#_

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 129


$= ck]lIft pknlAw
/fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx kf/bzL{ / pQ/bfoL eO{ /fli6o k|fyldstfsf]
If]qdf kl/rfng ePsf] x['g], gofF ;dfh sNof0f P]g sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] x'g] / u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfsf] clwstd ;fwg ;|f]t cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k'FhL lgdf{0fdf k|of]u ePsf] x'g]5 .

$=% o'jf, v]ns'b / :jod\;]js ;]jf


$=%=! o'jf
!= k[i7e"ld
/fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts kfGt/0fdf o'jfju{sf] e"ldsf dxjk"0f{ /x]sf]
x'G5 . ;fx;, l;h{gzLntf, l;Sg] Ifdtf Pjd\ pRr cfTdljZjf;sf sf/0f of] ju{nfO{ /fi6
lgdf{0fsf] k|d'v ;|f]t;d]t dflgPsf] 5 . g]kfndf !^ b]lv $) jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf] hg;\Vof s'n
hg;\Vofsf] $)=# k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . lzlIft, ;Lko'Qm, cg'zfl;t / pBdzLn o'jfzlQm ljsf;
u/L of] hg;f\lVos k|j[lQnfO{ kF'hLs[t ub}{ /fi6 lgdf{0fdf nufpg ;lsPdf o'jfxn] b]zsf]
;fdflhs Pjd\ cfly{s ljsf;df g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sb5g\ . o;nfO{ dWogh/ u/L
/fli6o o'jf gLlt, @)&@ Pjd\ /fli6o o'jf kl/ifb\sf] u7g ul/Psf] 5 . /fli6o o'jf gLlt, @)&@
sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ub}{ o'jfzlQm ljsf;sf nflu /fli6o / cGt/f{li6o cg'ejxaf6
l;s]sf kf7xnfO{ ;d]t dgg ub}{ o'jfxnfO{ b]zsf] ;fdflhs cfly{s kfGt/0fdf
d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
:jb]zdf dWod / pRr lzIff k|fKt o'jf ljb]z knfog x'g] k|j[lt tLj| /xg', ;fdflhs /
cfly{s ;]jfxdf o'jfxsf] kx'Fr Go"g x'g', Jofjxfl/s / Jofj;flos lzIff ;j{;'ne kdf
pknAw u/fpg g;Sg'', o'jfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4;DaGwL tflnd ;~rfng ug{sf nflu tflnd
k|bfos lgsfoxaLr ;dGjosf] cefj /xg'h:tf cj:yfx o; If]qsf] d'Vo ;d:of tyf
r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
a9\bf] o'jf hg;\VofnfO{ ;Lk / pBdzLntfo'Qm agfO{ hg;f\lVos nfef+z xfl;n ug]{
kof{Kt ;Defjgf /xg', nf]stGqsf] k'g:yf{kgfkl5sf ;/sf/xdf o'jfxnfO{ /fi6 lgdf{0fdf
d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ /fhgLlts ;f]r / OR5fzlQm b]lvg', o'jfxdf cfgf] zlQm / e"ldsfk|lt
hfustf cfpg', o'jf nlIft sfo{qmdxnfO{ lj:tf/ ub}{ n}hfgsf nflu cfwf/lznf tof/ x'g',
/fli6o ljsf;df o'jf ;xeflutf clej[l4 ub}{ pgLxsf clwsf/xsf] pkof]u ug]{ jftfj/0f
l;h{gf ug]{ ;+j}wflgs k|lta4tf cflb o; If]qsf cj;/ x'g\ .

130 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
ljsf;df o'jf ;xeflutfaf6 ;d[4 /fi6 lgdf{0f .
#=@ nIo
o'jfxnfO{ /fi6sf] ;jf{\uL0f ljsf;df d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= o'jfsf] bIftf, pBdzLntf / cGj]if0ffTds Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ub}{ cfly{s;fdflhs
ljsf;df o'jf ;xeflutf clej[l4 ug{' .
@= o'jfnfO{ ;jf{\uL0f /fi6 lgdf{0fsf] ;+jfxs agfpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= o'jfnfO{ k|fljlws lzIff tyf ;Lkd"ns tflnddfkm{t\ bIf, pBdzLn / cfTdlge{/
agfpg] .
@= /fHosf] ;a} txsf] gLlt tyf lg0f{o k|lqmofdf o'jf ;xeflutf a9fpg] .
#= o'jfnfO{ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg, ;fdflhs ljsf;, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, v]ns'bnufotsf If]qdf
:jo+;]jssf] kdf kl/rfng ug]{ .
$= v]ns'b, of]ufEof; / ;fdflhs lqmofsnfkdf o'jfxsf] ;+nUgtf a9fpg] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= o'jfxdf k|fljlws lzIff, Ifdtf clej[l4sf sfo{qmddfkm{t\ pBdzLntfsf] k|j4{g
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o:t/df pbfx/0fLo tyf cGj]if0ffTds sfo{ u/L ;dfhdf of]ubfg
k'ofPsf o'jfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -!_
#= :jb]zdf g} /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x l;h{gf u/L o'jf a]/f]huf/sf ;d:ofnfO{ qmlds
kdf ;dfwfg ub}{ ljleGg lgsfoaf6 o'jfsf nflu ;~rfng ul/g] ;Lkd"ns tflnd
tyf sfo{qmdxnfO{ PsLs[t tyf If]qut kdf k|efjsf/L 9\un] ;~rfng ug]{
Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_
$= /fli6o o'jf kl/ifb\dfk{mt\ o'jf;DaGwL sfo{qmdx k|efjsf/L kdf ;~rfng
ul/g]5 . -!_
% o'jf pkof]uL ;"rgf :yfgLo:t/d} pknAw u/fpg ;a} lhNnfdf ;~rflnt o'jf ;"rgf
s]Gb|sf] :t/f]Gglt ul/g]5 . -!_
^= o'jfnfO{ :j/f]huf/df ;+nUg u/fpg o'jf :j/f]huf/ sf]ifnfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf
kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -!_

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 131


&= j}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 kms]{sf o'jfsf nflu :j/f]huf/ tyf pBdzLn aGg cfjZos
tflnd tyf k/fdz{ sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
*= k/Dk/fut k]zfnfO{ k|j4{g u/L cfw'lgsLs/0f ub}{} To:tf pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/;Dd ;xh
kx'Frsf] Joj:yf u/L To; If]qdf ;+nUg o'jfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg / ;Ddfg ug]{ sfo{qmd
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
(= /fli6o ljsf;sf] g]t[Tj / gLlt lgdf{0fsf] txdf o'jfsf] kx'Fr k'ofpg ;DalGwt If]qdf
pgLxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{sf nflu g]t[Tj ljsf; tflnd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= ;dfhdf ljBdfg\ ul/aL, clzIff, 5'jf5't, lje]b, n}\lus lx+;f tyf cdfgjLo
sfo{xsf] cGTosf nflu o'jf kl/rfng ug{ ;DalGwt If]qut lgsfox, u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx;Fusf] ;xsfo{ tyf ;dGjodf :jo+;]jf, ;dfh;]jfnufotsf ljz]if
sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= ;a} txsf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf lqmofsnfksf] of]hgf th{'df, sfof{Gjog / cg'udg tyf
d"Nofg sfo{df o'jfsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 . -@_
!@= ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s kfGt/0f, k|sf]k Joj:yfkg / jftfj/0fLo ;d:of Go"gLs/0f
ug{sf nflu cGo lgsfo;Fusf] ;dGjodf o'jfnfO{ :jo+;]jf sfo{df nfUg clek|]l/t ug]{
sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g'sf ;fy} :sfp6 ;]jf lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= ;fdflhs lqmofsnfk ;+nUg u/fpg zflGt :yfkgf, /Qmbfg, ;/;kmfO, j[Iff/f]k0f,
jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf sfo{qmdxdf o'jfnfO{ kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
!$= o'jfdf g}ltstf, rfl/lqs u'0f Pjd\ cg'zf;gsf] ljsf; u/L /fHo / ;dfhk|lt
bfloTjaf]w u/fpg] tyf >dk|lt ;Ddfg ug{] ;+:sf/ ljsf; ug{ d2t k'Ug] sfo{qmdx
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -$_
!%= v]ns'b Pj of]ufEof;df o'jfxnfO{ clek|]l/t ug{ k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf ;fy} ljleGg
sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
/fi6 lgdf{0fdf o'jfsf] e"ldsf k|blz{t ePsf] x'g], o'jfdf ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] ljsf; eO{
:jo+;]jfdf ;+nUg ePsf] x'g], o'jfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 eO{ :j/f]huf/ / pBdzLn ePsf] x'g], o'jf
k|ltefx ;Ddflgt ePsf] x'g] / o'jf :jo+;]jsx kl/rfng ul/Psf] x'g]5 .

$=%=@ v]ns'b ljsf;


!= k[i7e"ld
:j:y tyf cg'zfl;t gful/s / ;dfhsf] ;[hgf ug{ v]ns'bnfO{ k|d'v cfwf/sf] kdf
lnOG5 . /fi6sf] k|lti7f j[l4 ug]{ / ljleGg ;Dk|bfo, efiff tyf ;+:s[lt Pjd\ ;d'bfoaLr Pstf
sfod u/L /fli6o ljsf;sf] cleofgdf Psh'6 agfpg v]ns'bsf] of]ubfg dxjk"0f{ /x]sf] x'G5 .

132 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


g]kfnsf] v]ns'b If]qnfO{ ljZjJofkL d"No / dfGotfcg';f/ ;f\u7lgs 9fFrfdf ;do;fk]If
;'wf/ ug]{ tyf ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L Pjd\ lghL If]qaLr ;dGjo, ;xsfo{ Pjd\ ;fem]bf/Lsf]
jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/L v]ns'bsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ub}{ o;nfO{ hghLjgsf] cleGg c\u agfpg]
k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . v]ns'bsf] dfWodaf6 zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, af}l4s, ;+j]ufTds / g}ltsjfg
dfgj ;+zfwgsf] ljsf; u/L cg'zfl;t / dof{lbt ;dfh lgdf{0f ub}{ v]ns'bnfO{ /f]huf/d"ns
Joj;fosf] kdf ;d]t :yflkt ug{ :yfgLo txb]lv g} sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L ;a}sf] nflu
v]ns'b eGg] cleofgnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{ v]ns'b;Fu ;DalGwt k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, k|lzIf0f, k|ltof]lutf
/ k|f]T;fxgsf sfo{qmdx sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
/fli6o / cGt/f{li6o:t/sf v]ns'b ultljlwx ;~rfng ug{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/xsf] sdL
x'g', v]ns'b ;Da4 lgsfoxaLr cfk;L ;xof]u, ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ gx'g', v]ns'b ultljlwdf
lghL If]qnfO{ kl/rfng ug{ g;lsg', v]nf8L tyf k|lzIfsxsf nflu ;do;fk]If
cGt/f{li6o:t/sf] k|lzIf0f tyf cEof;sf] Joj:yf / :sfp6 sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf
;~rfng Pjd\ lj:tf/ ug{ g;Sg' v]ns'b tyf :sfp6 If]qsf d'Vo r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
zf/Ll/s Jofofd tyf v]ns'b ultljlwxsf] dxjk|lt rL / hfustf a9\b} hfg',
v]ns'b k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0f, :t/f]Gglt tyf ljsf;, v]n k|lzIf0f, v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfx / v]nf8L
k|f]T;fxgsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g', v]ns'bnfO{ /fli6o Pstf ;'b[9 ug]{ Pjd\ cGt/f{li6o If]qdf
/fli6o ;Ddfg clej[l4 ug]{ dfWodsf] kdf ljsf; ug]{ ;+j}wflgs k|lta4tf cflbnfO{ o; If]qsf]
cj;/sf] kdf lnOPsf] 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
v]ns'bsf dfWodaf6 /fli6o Pstfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f Pjd\ cGt/f{li6o If]qdf /fli6o ;Ddfg
clej[l4 .
#=@ nIo
v]ns'b If]qsf] ljsf; u/L :j:y, cg'zfl;t, ;[hgfTds / lqmofzLn gful/s lgdf{0f ug{] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= v]n k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug{' .
@= v]nf8L tyf v]ns'b k||ltof]lutfnfO{ u'0ffTds agfpg' .
#= :sfp6sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf lj:tf/ ug'{ .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 133


#=$ /0fgLlt
!= lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtf;d]t a9fO{ v]ns'bsf] ljsf;sf nflu ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f,
ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ .
@= ;do;fk]If cGt/f{li6o:t/sf] k|lzIf0f k|bfg ub}{ /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o v]ns'b
k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf tyf o:tf k|ltof]lutfdf x'g] ;xeflutfdf u'0ffTds j[l4 ug]{ .
#= :sfpl6sf lqmofsnfkxnfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf lj:tf/ tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= v]ns'bsf :yfgLo tyf /fli6o:t/sf ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf k"jf{wf/xnfO{
cGt/f{li6o:t/sf] dfkb08adf]lhd ;'wf/ ul/g]5 . -!_
@= k|To]s k|b]zdf ;'ljwf;DkGg / u'0f:t/Lo k"jf{wf/;lxtsf] v]nu|fd lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ljBfno / dxfljBfnoxdf v]ns'bsf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -!_
$= cGt/f{li6o tyf /fli6o:t/sf] /\uzfnf ;fj{hlgslghL ;fem]bf/Ldfk{mt lgdf{0f
ul/g]5 . -!_
%= ;\3Lo, k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLo:t/df ;DefJotfsf cfwf/df v]n k|lti7fg / k|lzIf0f
s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -!_
^= k|ltefzfnL v]nf8Lxsf] vf]hL u/L ltgLxsf] nflu lgoldt kdf :jb]zL tyf
j}b]lzs k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -@_
&= /fi6sf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;xof]u k'ofpg] lsl;dsf ljleGg k/Dk/fut,
;fxl;s, ko{6sLo / dgf]/~hgfTds v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfx cfof]hgf ul/g]5 . -@_
*= ljz]if tyf kf/f v]ns'bxsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df hf]8 lbOg'sf ;fy} ckftf ePsf
JolQmx;Fu ;DalGwt v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfsf] ;~rfng tyf pgLxsf] ;xeflutfsf
nflu k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -@_
(= v]n If]qsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df of]ubfg k'ofpg] tyf pTs[i6 v]n sf}zn k|bz{g ug]{
JolQmnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g'sf ;fy} v]nsdL{xsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= v]ns'bsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qsf ;+:yfx;Fu
PsLs[t kdf, ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ub}{ v]ns'bsf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgfdf ;do;fk]If ;'wf/
ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= ;a} lhNnfsf ljBfnoxdf :sfp6sf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= :jo+;]jf / ;dfh;]jfsf sfo{df :sfp6/xnfO{ kl/rfng ul/g]]5 . -#_

134 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


$= ck]lIft pknlAw
;a} k|b]zdf sDtLdf Pp6f /\uzfnfsf] lgdf{0f tyf :t/f]Gglt ePsf] x'g], lqms]6 d}bfg !!
/ lhNnf:t/Lo se8{xn @$ lgdf{0f ePsf x'g], /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfxsf]
;~rfng tyf ;f]df ;xeflutf j[l4 ePsf] x'g], k|lzIf0f k|fKt ug]{ v]nf8Lx !%,))) k'u]sf] x'g],
#)) hgf v]nf8L k'/:s[t ePsf] x'g], :sfp6/sf] ;\Vofdf #),))) n] j[l4 ePsf] x'g] / !%,)))
:sfp6 :jo+;]js kl/rfng ePsf] x'g]5 .

$=%=# :jod\;]js ;]jf


!= k[i7e"ld
:jod\;]js ;]jf Pp6f Jofj;flos Pjd\ ;\ul7t If]qsf] kdf ljsf; x'Fb} cfPsf] / b]z
ljsf;sf] /fli6o nIo k|flKtdf of]ubfg k'ofpg]tkm{ d'vl/t x'Fb} uPsf] b]lvG5 . jt{dfg cj:yfdf
:jod\;]jL lqmofsnfkx ;~rfng ug{ ;/sf/L lgsfox, u}/;/sf/L ;\3;+:yf, gful/s
;dfh tyf cGt/f{li6o ;\3;+:yfx lqmofzLn /x]sf 5g\ . o:tf lgsfo Pjd\
;\3;+:yfxn] :jod\;]jL lqmofsnfksf] ;~rfng / :jod\;]js kl/rfng ug]{h:tf
sfo{xaf6 :jf:Yo, lzIff, ljkb\ Joj:yfkg, ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfx, cfsl:ds sfo{df ;xof]u,
hgr]tgf clej[l4, lg;xfoxsf] pTyfgx]/rfx / :jod\;]jL efjgfsf] k|j4{g ug]{h:tf
sfo{xdf of]ubfg k'ofO/x]sf 5g\ .
/fli6o ljsf; :jod\;]js ;]jfaf6 :jod\;]jfsf] k|j4{g / :jod\;]jsxsf] kl/rfng ug]{
qmddf @)%^ ;fnb]lv xfn;Dd ljleGg ljifoIf]qsf] of]Uotf xfl;n u/]sf !! xhf/eGbf a9L
JolQmxn] :jod\;]js eO{ of]ubfg k'ofPsf 5g\ . lat]sf] 8]9 bzseGbf a9Lsf] cjlwdf
;fdflhs kl/rfng, cfocfh{g k|j4{g, ;;fgf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, hgr]tgf clej[l4, ;fIf/tf
clej[l4, :yfgLo k|ljlw k|j4{g, lzIff, :Jff:Yo, s[lif tyf kz'kfng, ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxh:tf
If]qxdf :jod\:f]jsx kl/rfng ePsf 5g\ . o:tf :jod\;]jsxnfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf, s[lif
ljsf; ;]jf, kz' ;]jf / OlGhlgol/ If]qaf6 5gf]6 ul/Psf] / logLx d'n'ssf ljleGg
;fj{hlgs ;]jf s]Gb|xdf sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . ;fy}, :jod\;]jL k|s[ltsf /fli6ocGt/f{li6o
;\3;+:yfxaLrsf] efOrf/fdf clej[l4, :jod\;]jL efjgfsf] k|j4{g Pjd\ :jod\;]jL lgsfo /
;\3;+:yfxaLrsf] ;~hfnLs/0fdf clej[l4 ePsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
:jod\;]jfsf] dxjnfO{ ;dfh / :yfgLo:t/df :yfkgf u/L o;nfO{ cleofgs} kdf
cufl8 a9fpg' / :jod\;]jsxsf] dfucfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg ug'{ o; If]qsf r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf
5g\ .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 135


cj;/
:jod\;]jsxn] ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxdf dxjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'ofPsf / cem} b'u{d If]qsf
;fj{hlgs ;]jf s]Gb|xdf cfjZos hgzlQmsf] sdL k"/f ug]{, gful/ssf] u'0f:t/Lo, l56f]5l/tf]
Pjd\ kof{Kt ;]jf k|flKtsf] cfsf\Iff al9/x]sf], @)&@ ;fn j}zfv !@ kl5sf] e"sDkLo ljkb\,
af9L, klx/f], dxfdf/Lh:tf k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf cj:yfxdf :jo+;]jL lqmofsnfksf] cfjZostf,
e"ldsf Pjd\ of]ubfg dgg ul/Psf]n] :jd\;]jfsf] ;fGble{stf cem k'li6 ePsf] / :jod\;]jL
lqmofsnfkxnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] cj;/ /x]sf] 5 . :jod\;]jfsf] bfo/fnfO{ /fli6o Pjd\
;fdflhs hLjgsf cGo kIfcfofdxdf lj:tf/ u/L ;d'bfo:t/af6} :jod\;]jL lqmofsnfknfO{
cufl8 a9fpg] cj;/ klg /x]sf] 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
:jod\;]js ;]jfaf6 ;Eo, ;xof]uL / cGtlge{/ ;dfh lgdf{0f .
#=@ nIo
:jod\;]jL efjgfsf] k|j4{g / :jod\;]jssf kdf ;]jf ug{ rfxg] JolQm tyf ;+:yfxnfO{
kl/rfng u/L ljsf;sf] /fli6o cleofgdf ;xof]u k'ofpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
ljsf;sf] nflu tTsfn cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQm cfk"lt{ ug'{sf ;fy} ;a} If]qdf :jod\;]jL
efjgfsf] ljsf; ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ljsf; sfo{ tyf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfx sdL ePsf] If]qdf ;xhLs/0f ug{
o'jfxnufot ljleGg ljifo / If]qsf JolQmxnfO{ :Jfod\;]jssf] kdf kl/rfng
ug]{ .
@= ljkb\sf] cj:yf tyf cGo cfsl:ds sfo{df :jod\;]jfdfkm{t\ ;xof]u k'ofpg] .
#= :jod\;]jfsf] If]qdf ul/Psf /fli6ocGt/f{li6o cEof;xsf] cfwf/df
:jod\;]jf;DaGwL hfu/0f Pjd\ k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= :yfgLo dfusf cfwf/df ljsf; lgdf{0f, ;]jf k|jfx tyf ljifout k|ljlwsf] If]qdf
:jod\;]jL hgzlQmx kl/rfng x'g ;Sg] If]qxsf] klxrfg / sfof{Gjog
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /xL ljleGg If]qsf] nfdf] cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf cjsfzk|fKt
/fi6;]jsxnfO{ ;fy} o'jfxnfO{ :jod\;]jfdf lqmofzLn t'NofOg]5 . -!_

136 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#= :jod\;]js ;]jfnfO{ km/flsnf] / Jofjxfl/s agfpg gLltut vfsf tof/ u/L
ljsf;sf cfofdxdf of]ubfg k'ofpg;Sg] JolQmxnfO{ :jod\;]jssf] kdf
kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
$= ljkb\sf] cj:yf tyf cGo cfsl:ds sfo{df cfJfZos kg]{ :jod\;]jsx kl/rfng
ul/g]5 . -@_
%= ljleGg z}lIfs, k|fljlws tyf k|fl1s ;+:yfxdf cWoog/t o'jfxnfO{ cWoogs}
csf] kdf :jod\;]jfdf ;+nUg u/fOg]5 . -@_
^= :jod\;]jfnfO{ ;fdflhs ;+:s[ltsf] kdf ljsf; ug{ ljBfno txsf] kf7\oqmddf
;dfj]z ul/g]5 . -#_
&= :jod\;]js kl/rfng ug]{ /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o ;+:yfx;Fu ;~hfn lj:tf/ u/L
:jod\;]jf k|j4{g sfo{nfO{ lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -#_
*= /fli6o ljsf; :jod\;]js ;]jfnfO{ :jod\;]js kl/rfng ug]{ ;\3;+:yfxsf]
;dGjo lgsfo tyf ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] kdf ljsf; ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
kl/rfng ul/g] :jod\;]jssf] sfo{If]q / ;\Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g], yk gful/sxsf]
;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf kx'Fr j[l4 ePsf] x'g], :jod\;]js kl/rfngsf] bfo/f lj:tf/ x'g uO{
:yfgLo:t/;Dd k'u]sf] x'g] / :jod\;]jL lqmofsnfkxsf] dfWodaf6 ;Eo ;dfh k|j4{g ePsf]
x'g]5 .

If]qut ljsf; gLltx | 137


kl/R5]b M %
k"jf{wf/ If]q ljsf; gLltx
%=! pmhf{
%=!=! hnljB't\
!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] nflu hnljB't\ g} pmhf{sf] dxjk"0f{ Pjd\ e/kbf{] ;|f]t xf] . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn]
hg;xeflutfdf cfwfl/t :jb]zL nufgLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbFb} hn;|f]tsf] ax'pkof]uL ljsf; ug]{
gLltut Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . pmhf{ d'n'ssf] ljsf;sf] d]b08 ePsf]n] g]kfnsf kl5Nnf cfjlws
of]hgfxdf pmhf{ If]qn] pRr k|fyldstf kfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L, lghL / ;fd'bflos
nufgLsf ;fy;fy} ljb]zL nufgLdfkm{t\ hnljB't\ If]qsf] ljsf; tyf k|j4{g ug{] k|of; eO/x]sf]
5 . ;d;fdlos P]g, lgod, gLltxsf] lgdf{0f tyf ltgsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu
;+:yfut Joj:yfsf afah'b hnljB't\ pTkfbgsf] s'n ;Defljt Ifdtfsf] Go"g dfqfdf dfq
pTkfbg ;Dej x'g;s]sf] 5 . s'n hnljB't\ h8fg Ifdtf *@( d]ufjf6 k'u]sf] 5 eg] /fli6o
ljB't k|0ffnL / j}slNks tyf cGo pmhf{;d]tdf hg;\Vofsf] kx'Fr &$ k|ltzt 5 . ljB't\
k|;f/0f nfOgsf] s'n nDafO @,*$* lsnf]ld6/ 5 . @,*(@ uf=lj=;= df ljB'tLo k"jf{wf/ k'u]sf]
5 . ctM pmhf{df cfTdlge{/ x'g hnljB't\sf ;fgf, demf}nf tyf 7"nf cfof]hgfxnfO{
k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df sfof{Gjogdf n}hfg cfjZos ePsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
d'n'ssf] cfw'lgsLs/0f / cf}Bf}lusLs/0f;Fu} tLj| j[l4 x'g yfn]sf] hnljB't\sf] dfu k"/f ug'{,
cfof]hgfx lgwf{l/t ;do / nfutdf ;DkGg ug{', cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf nflu ljleGg
;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfoxaLr ;dGjo ug'{', lgofds tyf ljt/0f lgsfosf] ljt/0f k|0ffnL lj:tf/
Pjd\ ;'b[9 ug'{ hnljB't\ pTkfbgdf lghL If]qsf] of]ubfg a9fpg' hnljB't\ ljsf;sf k|d'v
r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
pmhf{nfO{ cfly{s ljsf;sf] d]b08sf kdf c\lusf/ u/L cfly{s ;d[l4sf] dfWddsf
kdf o;sf] klxrfg x'g', pmhf{ If]q k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qsf] kdf /xg', nufgLsf] k|;:t} cj;/
b]lvg', j}b]lzs nufgLsf] nflu kof{Kt ;Defjgf b]lvg', lghL If]q tyf :yfgLo hgtfsf] z]o/
nufgLdf j[l4 eO{ hgtfsf] :jfldTj sfod x'g' hnljB't\ If]qsf cj;/sf kdf lng ;lsG5 .

138 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
hnljB't\sf] tLj| ljsf;dfkm{t\ d'n'ssf lbuf]] ljsf; / ;d[l4 .
#=@ nIo
pmhf{ ;'/Iff;lxtsf] hnljB't\ ljsf;af6 ljB't\df cfTdlge{/tf xfl;n u/L cfly{s tyf
;fdflhs ;d'Ggltdf of]ubfg k'ofpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
hnljB't\ ;]jfsf] lj:tf/ u/L ;a} 3/kl/jf/ / If]qsf] ;xh kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= hnljB't\df nufgL a9fO{ ljB't\ pTkfbgdf j[l4 ug]{ .
@= ljB't\sf] k|;f/0f Joj:yfnfO{ yk ;'b[9 tyf lj:tf/ ug]{ .
#= ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{{ ljB't\sf] kx'Fr ;j{;'ne agfpg] .
$= ljB't\ pTkfbg ;ld>0fsf] dfWodaf6 phf{ ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{] .
%= sfo{gLlt
!= hnfzoo'Qm hnljB't\ pTkfbgnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fvL sfo{qmdcfof]hgf ;~rfng
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf /x]sf ljB't\ pTkfbg, k|zf/0f tyf ljt/0f cfof]hgfxnfO{
;dodf g} ;DkGg ul/g]5 . -!_
#= demf}nf tyf 7"nf hnljB't\ kl/of]hgfxdf ;d]t :yfgLo ;d'bfoxnfO{ z]o/ nufgL
ug]{ cj;/ pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yfnfO{ ;'b[9 ul/g]5 . -!_
$= lghL nufgL a9fpg ljB't\ vl/bb/ k'g/fjnf]sgsf ;fy} lkls tyf hnfzoo'Qm
cfof]hgfxsf nflu ;d]t ljB't\ vl/bb/ lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . -!_
%= g]kfnsf] hnljB't\ pTkfbg Ifdtf olsg ug]{ cWoog sfo{ ;DkGg ul/g]5 . -!_
^= lghL If]qnfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{ / ;/sf/L ;]jf l56f] 5l/tf] kdf pknAw u/fpg
cfjZos ;+oGq lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -!_
&= lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf /x]sf cfof]hgfxsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df tLj|tf lbOg]5 . -!_
*= k~r]Zj/ tyf ;Ktsf]zLnufotsf 7"nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfxsf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf
k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/g]5 . -!_
(= cGt/b]zLo k|zf/0f nfOgxsf] cWoog / ;j]{If0f u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg
ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= ;fj{hlgslghL ;fem]bf/Lsf dfWodaf6 k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0fdf lghL If]qnfO{ cfslif{t
ug{ cfjZos sfo{ljlw tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -@_

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 139


!!= hnljB't\sf] pTkfbgnfO{ ljB't\ ljt/0f;Fu hf]8\g cfGtl/s k|;f/0f nfOgsf] lgdf{0fnfO{
tLj|tf lbOg]5 . -@_
!@= u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0fnfO{ lj:tf/ u/L cfly{s lqmofsnfk;Fu cfa4 ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= ljB'tLo pmhf{ pkof]usf] k/LIf0f, ljB'tLo pkof]u;DaGwL hgr]tgf, pmhf{ bIftfsf]
dfkb08 lgwf{/0fh:tf sfo{ u/L pkof]u k|0ffnLdf pmhf{ bIftf k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -$_
!$= ljB't\ r'xfj6 lgoGq0f ug{ cfjZos sfg'gL Joj:yf tyf k|fljlws Pjd\ k|zf;lgs
pkfox cjnDag ul/g]5 . -$_
!%= ljB't\ r'xfj6 tyf ljB't\af6 x'g] b'3{6gfnfO{ sd ug{ ;x/L If]qdf e"ldut ljt/0f
nfOgsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8 a9fOg]5 . -$_
!^= hnljB't\ cfof]hgf ljsf; ubf{ clgjfo{ kdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 kg]{ c;/nfO{
Wofg lbOg]5 . -$_
!&= :df6{ ld6/ tyf :df6{ u|L8sf] cjwf/0fnfO{ qmlds kdf nfu" ub}{ nlug]5 . -$_
!*= ljB't\ pTkfbg sDkgL tyf /fli6o ljB't\ Jofkf/ sDkgLsf] :yfkgf u/L sfo{ cufl8
a9fOg]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
hnljB't\ Ifdtf @,@&( d]ufjf6 k'u]sf] x'g], @,!%) d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf ljB't\ cfof]hgf
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? ePsf] x'g], $)) ls=ld= gofF k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], ljB't\
r'xfj6 @! k|ltztdf ;Lldt ePsf] x'g], /fli6o ljB't\k|0ffnLaf6 ljB't\ ;]jf k|fKt ug]{
hg;\Vofsf] cg'kft &) k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g], #,))) ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf ljB't\ ;]jfsf]
kx'Fr k''u]sf] x'g], !,%)) ls=ld= ## s]=le= k|;f/0f nfOg / $,%)) ls=ld= !! s]=le=
k|;f/0f nfOg lj:tf/ ul/Psf] x'g], /fli6o k|;f/0f nfOgaf6 ljB't\ ;]jf k'Ug] yk 3/w'/L ;\Vof
& nfv %) xhf/ k'u]sf] x'g] / k|ltJolQm ljB't\ vkt !^) ls=jf= 306f k'u]sf] x'g]5 .

%=!=@ j}slNks pmhf{


!= k[i7e"ld
lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo, ;a}sf nflu lbuf] pmhf{sf] cjwf/0ff, hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/
Go"gLs/0f ug{, n}ls ;dfgtfnufotsf cGt/f{li6o k|lta4tfx sfof{Gjog ug{ / xl/t
cyt{GqnfO{ k|j4{g ub}{ pmhf{ ;'/Iffsf] ;'lglZrttf, pmhf{sf] kx'Fr / jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng :yflkt
ug{ cGo gjLs/0fLo tyf j}slNks pmhf{ If]qsf] tLj| ljsf; x'g cfjZos 5 . g]kfnsf]
;+ljwfgn] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ljsf; u/L cfwf/e"t cfjZostf kl/k"lt{sf nflu ;'ky / ;'ne
kdf e/kbf]{ phf{sf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ gLlt clsf/ u/]sf] 5 . /fli6o ljB't\ k|;f/0f nfOg k'ofpg
sl7g ePsf / 5l/P/ /x]sf u|fdL0f a:tLxdf ;]jf k'ofpg, ;x/L If]qdf a9\bf] pmhf{
;\s6nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;xof]u k'ofpg / k/Dk/fut Pjd\ cfofltt pmhf{dflysf] lge{/tfnfO{

140 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


sd ug{ tyf cGo gjLs/0fLo tyf j}slNks pmhf{sf] ljsf; / k|j4{g u/L o; If]qnfO{ ljsf;sf]
d"nk|jfxdf Nofpg h?/L 5 . xfn;Dd o;cGtu{t afof]Uof; KnfG6sf] h8fg ;\Vof @ nfv ^^
xhf/, nfeflGjt hg;\Vof @* k|ltzt, ;f}o{ pmhf{ k|0ffnL ljB't\ h8fg ;\Vof ^ nfv *%
xhf/ / n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't\af6 pTkflbt Ifdtf #$ d]ufjf6 k'u]sf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
j}slNks phf{sf] dfu / cfk"lt{aLr ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg', nlIft ;d"x klxrfg ug{', hgtfsf]
sdhf]/ cfly{s l:yltsf sf/0f cTolws cg'bfg dfu x'g', k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f / /fli6o k|;f/0f
nfOg k'u]kl5 gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf sfo{qmdnfO{ l6sfO/fVg', pkef]QmfnfO{ ;xh kdf ljQsf]
Joj:yf ug{' tyf lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu bL3{sfnLg of]hgf agfO{{ sfof{Gjog ug'{ j}slNks pmhf{
If]qsf r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
Go"g cfo ePsf hg;d'bfodf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] kx'Frdf j[l4 x'g', o; If]qdf ljleGg
ljsf; ;fem]bf/xsf] ;xeflutf a9\b} hfg', gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlwsf] k|j4{gdf ljQLo ;+:yf
tyf lghL If]qxsf] ;xeflutf a9\b} hfg', gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlwxnfO{ :jR5 ljsf;
;+oGqsf] kdf ljsf; ug{ ;DefJotf cWoog u/L ;DefJo ePsf k|ljlwxnfO{ qmdzM sfa{g
kl/of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] kdf ljsf; ub}{ nfg;lsg] cj:yf /xg'nufotsf cj;/x ljBdfg
5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
# ! ;f]r
gjLs/0fLo tyf j}}slNks pmhf{sf] k|of]uaf6 lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; .
#=@ nIo
:jR5 / gjLs/0fLo phf{sf] dfWodaf6 k/Dk/fut / k]6f]lnod pmhf{dflysf] lge{/tfnfO{
sd ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= :jR5 / gjLs/0fLo phf{sf] pTkfbg a9fO{ cfw'lgs pmhf{sf] kx'Fr a9fpg' .
@= /fli6o ljB't\ k|;f/0f nfOg gk'u]sf] tyf k'ofpg nfut k|efjsf/L gePsf If]qxdf
j}slNks ljB't\ ;]jfsf] kx'Fr a9fpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] lj:tf/ u/L phf{ cfk"lt{ k|0ffnLsf] pNn]Vo c+zsf] kdf o;nfO{
ljsf; ug]{ .
@= kx'Fr gk'u]sf If]q, ju{ / ;d"x;Dd gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ / o;sf] k|ljlwsf] kx'Fr a9fpg] .

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 141


#=% sfo{gLlt
!= bfp/fsf] k|of]unfO{ sd ub}{ n}hfg afof]Uof; tyf ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf], Uof;Lkmfo/,
afof]la|s]6h:tf lskmfotL h}ljs pmhf{ k|ljlwxsf] k|j4{g Pjd\ lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -!_
@= a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] nflu gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ If]qdf nufgL ug]{ jftfj/0f
l;h{gf ul/g]5 . -!_
#= pmhf{ ;\s6 Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;x/L If]qsf lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs ejgxdf ;f}o{
pmhf{af6 ljB't\ cfk"lt{ ul/g]5 . -!_
$= k]6f]lnod kbfy{sf] cf+lzs ljsNksf kdf b]zleq} h}ljs OGwg -afof]o'n_ sf]
pTkfbg ug{ cfjZos gLlt th'{df ul/g]5 . -!_
%= ;DefJo 7fpFdf jfo' tyf ;f}o{ pmhf{af6 ljB't\ pTkfbg tyf t/fO{df l;FrfOsf nflu
kfgL tfGg jfo' tyf ;f}o{ kDksf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -!_
^= n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't\, ;f}o{ pmhf{, h}ljs pmhf{ tyf jfo' pmhf{h:tf j}slNks
pmhf{sf] k|j4{g, ljsf; Pjd\ lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -@_
&= ljleGg If]qaf6 pTkfbg x'g] kmf]xf]/sf] ;d'lrt Joj:yfkgaf6 pmhf{ pTkfbg ug{sf
nflu cfjZos k|ljlw / k|0ffnLxsf] k|j4{g / lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -@_
*= ;f}o{ Kofgn tyf cGo gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf pks/0f cfoft ubf{ u'0f:t/ dfkg ug]{
k4ltnfO{ yk ;'b[9 ul/g]5 . -@_
(= /fli6o ljB't\ k|;f/0f nfOg k'u]sf If]qxdf n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't\, ;f}o{
pmhf{nufotsf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{af6 pTkflbt ljB't\nfO{ /fli6o ljB't\ k|;f/0f nfOgdf
hf]8\g] Joj:yf ul/g]5 -@_
!)= gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] lbuf] tyf ;d'lrt ljsf;sf nflu s]Gb|Lo gjLs/0fLo pmhf{
sf]ifdfkm{t\ dfq cg'bfg / C0f kl/rfngsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= ul/a tyf ljkGg ju{;Dd gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlwsf] ;'ne / ;/n kx'Fr k'ofpg
k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
!@= k|fb]lzs Pjd\ :yfgLo lgsfoxsf] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{;DaGwL of]hgf th'{df,
sfof{Gjog, k|j4{g, cg'udg tyf d"Nofg;DaGwL lqmofsnfkxdf Ifdtf clej[l4
ul/g]5 . -@_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
n3' hnljB't\af6 !! d]ufjf6, ;fgf tyf 3/fo;L ;f}o{ ljB't\ k|0ffnLaf6 !^ d]ufjf6, jfo'
pmhf{af6 ! d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg eO{ yk sl/a ( k|ltzt hgtfnfO{ ljB't\ ;]jf k'u]sf] x'g],
!,!#,))) cf]6f 3/fo;L afof]Uof; KnfG6 Pjd\ !) nfv ^% xhf/ ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] h8fg ePsf]
x'g], gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlw k|of]u ug{] n3', ;fgf tyf dWod pBf]u :yfkgfdfkm{t\ sl/a

142 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


!*,))) /f]huf/L l;h{gf x'g] / sfa{g Jofkf/dfkm{t lgoldt cfDbfgL k|fKt ug{ d2t k'u]sf]
x'g]5 .

%=@ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft


%=@=! ;8s
!= k[i7e"ld
d'n'ssf] cfly{s;fdflhs ljsf;nfO{ ultzLn kfg{, ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ k'ofOg] ;]jfnfO{ ;xh
tyf ;/n kfg{ / cfly{s ;fdflhs PsLs/0f Pjd\ k|fb]lzs tyf ef}uf]lns ;Gt'ng sfod u/L
;jf{L0f ljsf;df 6]jf k'ofpg ;8s oftfoftsf] dxjk"0f{ of]ubfg /xG5 . o;y{, ljutsf
cfjlws of]hgfxn] ;8s oftfoftnfO{ pRr k|fyldstfdf /fVb} cfPsf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] cfly{s
;fdflhs ljsf;df dxjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] /0fgLlts dxj ePsf ;8sxnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbOFb}
cfPsf] 5 .
cf=j= @)&!&@ sf] cGTo;Dddf b]zsf b'O{ lhNnf ;b/d'sfd -8f]Nkf / x'Dnf_ afx]s cGo
&# lhNnf ;b/d'sfd ;8s ;~hfn;Fu hf]l8Psf 5g\ eg] If]qLo:t/ / /0fgLlts dxj ePsf
@&,$(% ls=ld= ;8s ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm :yfgLo:t/af6 lgld{t sl/a
%#,))) ls=ld= ;8sdWo] sl/a #),))) ls=ld= oftfoftof]Uo ePsf]df sl/a !&,)))
ls=ld=dfq afx|} dlxgf ;~rfngof]Uo /x]sf] 5 . ;fy}, !,*%$ df]6/of]Uo k'nx lgdf{0f ePsf
5g\ . ;8s ;~hfn gk'u]sf b'O{ lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf ;8ssf] kx'Fr k'ofpg tbfstfsf ;fy
sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . xfn;Dd ^& lhNnf ;b/d'sfd -ef]hk'/, vf]6f, d':tf, afh'/f, dgf, d'u',
x'Dnf, 8f]Nkfafx]s_ df sfnf]kq] ;8s ;~hfnsf] kx'Fr k'lu;s]sf] 5 . ;a} ;b/d'sfdxdf
sfnf]kq] ;8ssf] ;~hfn k'ofpg rf}wf}F of]hgfn] ;8s pkIf]qdf ePsf ljutsf k|of;xsf
;fy;fy} s]xL gjLgtd k|oTgxnfO{ klg k|fyldstf lbg]5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
sl7g ef}uf}lns cj:yfsf sf/0f vlr{nf] ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] Joj:yfkg ug'{, lgld{t
;+/rgfxsf] dd{t ;Def/ / ;DklQ ;'/Iffsf nflu >f]t;fwgsf] kof{Kt Joj:yf ug'{, cTolws
dfusf sf/0f ;|f]t ;fwgsf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug'{, 5l/P/ /x]sf a:tLxdf ;8s lj:tf/ ug'{, afx|}
dlxgf e/kbf]{ / ;'/lIft ;8s ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug'{, k|fs[lts k|sf]k Pjd\ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]
kIfnfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fvL ;8s lgdf{0f ug'{, ljleGg lgsfoaLr ;dGjo sfod u/L
k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ug'{ / lghL If]qsf] Ifdtf, ;Defjgf tyf nufgL cfsif{0f ug'{ k|d'v r''gf}tLsf
kdf /x]sf 5g\ .

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 143


cj;/
b]z ljsf;sf] nflu ;8s ;~hfnsf] ljsf; Pjd\ ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] /0fgLlt tof/ x'g',
:yfgLo:t/af6 ;8s ljsf;sf] nflu cTolws pT;fx / dfu /xg', ;8s pkIf]qnfO{ /fli6o
ljsf;sf] pRr k|fyldstfdf /flvg' / ljsf; ;fem]bf/xsf] pNn]Vo ;xof]u /xg' ;8s If]qsf
cj;/x x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo ,p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;8s oftfoftsf] ljsf;dfkm{t\ cfly{s ;fdflhs PsLs/0f, k|fb]lzs ;Gt'ng / cfly{s
;d[l4 .
#=@ nIo
/fli6o ;8s ;~hfnsf] lj:tf/ u/L cfly{s;fdflhs ljsf;, Jofkf/ lj:tf/ Pjd\
ljljwLs/0f tyf cGt/f{li6o ;DaGw ;'b[9Ls/0fdf 6]jf k'ofpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= k|efjsf/L, lbuf], e/kbf]{, ;'/lIft, jftfj/0fd}qL / sd vlr{nf] oftfoft ;]jfdfkm{t\
cfly{s lqmofsnfk lj:tf/ / ;]jf k|jfxsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg' .
@= ;\3 / k|b]zxaLr, k|b]zk|b]zaLr, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLr / l5d]sL
d'n'sx;Fusf] Jofkfl/s ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= k|fb]lzs kx'Fr / cfly{s j[l4nfO{ of]ubfg k'Ug]u/L ;'/lIft oftfoft kx'Fr / ;'ljwf
lj:tf/ ug]{ .
@= s[lif, pBf]u, Jofkf/, hnljB't\, ko{6g, lzIff / :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kxF'r a9fpg] u/L
oftfoft lj:tf/ ug]{ .
#= cGt/b]zLo gfsf / oftfoft ;~hfn hf]8\g] ;8sxsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / ;'b[9Ls/0f
ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= kfFrjif]{ ;8s /0fgLlts of]hgfcg';f/ /0fgLlts ;8sxsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f Pjd\
:t/f]Gglt sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . -!_
@= k|fb]lzs /fhwfgLxaLr ;8s ;~hfn lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ;8s ;~hfndf cfa4 eOg;s]sf lhNnf tyf ufpFxdf ;8s ;DaGw lj:tf/
ul/g]5 . -!_
$= x'nfsL tyf dWokxf8L /fhdfu{sf] lgdf{0fdf tLj|tf lbO{ e/kbf]{ Pjd\ ;xh kx'Frof]Uo
agfOg]5 . -!_
%= sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqsf ;8s ;'b[9Ls/0f u/L Jojl:yt ul/g]5 . -!_

144 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


^= sf7df8f}+lghu9 b'|t dfu{nufot sf7df8f}+ pkTosf hf]8\g] 5f]6f] b"/Lsf j}slNks
dfu{xsf] lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fOg]5 . -!_
&= /0fgLlts tyf :yfgLo ;8sxsf k'nx lgdf{0f ug{'sf ;fy} hL0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf
k'nxsf] dd{t sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .-!_
*= /fhdfu{ Pjd\ ;xfos /fhdfu{xdf b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0fsf nflu l8hfOg, lgdf{0f Pjd\
:t/f]Gglth:tf ;a} r/0fdf ;8s ;'/Iff hfFrsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_
(= ;8s dfu{nfO{ ;'/lIft / 5f]6f] agfpg ;'?\u k|ljlwnfO{ cjnDag ul/g]5 . -!_
!)= e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ;8s ;+/rgfxsf] k'glg{df{0f ul/g]5 . -!_
!!= ;8ssf] bfofFafofF xl/ofnL sfod ug{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
!@= ;8s ;~hfn lgdf{0f ubf{ s[lif, pmhf{, ko{6g tyf pBf]u Joj;fosf] ;d]t k|j4{g
x'g]u/L ul/g]5 . -@_
!#= ;8s tyf k'nxsf] lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;Def/df ;fdflhs Pjd\ jftfj/0fLo kIfsf]
gsf/fTds c;/ Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;a} pkfoxsf] cjnDag
ul/g]5 . -@_
!$= ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fdf ;fj{hlgslghL ;fem]bf/L, l8hfOg P08 laN8, lgdf{0f ;~rfng
tyf x:tfGt/0f k|lqmofh:tf cfw'lgs ljlwx cjnDag ul/g]5 . -@_
!%= ;8s oftfoftsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLo tx / lghL If]qsf] e"ldsf
kl/eflift ul/g]5 . -@_
!^= ;8s ;Dklt ;+/If0f, dd{t ;Def/, k'glg{df{0f Pjd\ Joj:yfkgnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L
agfOg]5 . -#_
!&= pQ/blIf0f hf]8\g] k|d'v /0fgLlts Pjd\ Jofkfl/s b[li6sf]0fn] dxjk"0f{ ;8sxsf]
ljsf; ul/g]5 . -#_
!*= l5d]sL d'n'sx;Fu ;8s ;~hfn sfod u/L Jofkfl/s tyf cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] nflu
pkof]u ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ;8s ;+/rgfxsf] #%) ls=ld= k'glg{df{0f tyf k'nxsf] dd{t ;Def/
ePsf] x'g], yk @,))) ls=ld= gofF ;8s lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], ^%$ ls=ld= ;8s
OG6/ldl8o68an n]gdf lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], #,))) ls=ld= ;8ssf] :t/f]Gglt ePsf] x'g],
!,*)) ls=ld= ;8ssf] cfjlws dd{t ePsf] x'g], yk #)) k'n lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], %)) gofF
k'nsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ yfngL ePsf] x'g], ;8s 3gTj !=# ls=ld=ju{ ls=ld= k'u]sf] x'g], &! lhNNff
;b/d'sfd;Dd sfnf]kq] ;8ssf] kx'Fr k'u]sf] x'g], lgoldt, k6s] / ljz]if dd{t ;'wf/ ePsf]
;8s !),%)) ls=ld= k'u]sf] x'g] / ;Dk"0f{ lhNnf ;b/d'sfdxdf ;8s ;~hfn k'u]sf] x'g]5 .

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 145


%=@=@ xjfO{ oftfoft
!= k[i7e"ld
d'n'ssf] ;jf{L0f ljsf;sf] Pp6f dxjk"0f{ cfwf/sf] kdf /x]sf] gful/s p8\8og ;]jfnfO{
;'/lIft, lgoldt, ;j{;'ne / ljZj;gLo agfpg cfw'lgs k|ljlw / ;'ljwf ;DkGg
ljdfg:ynnufotsf k"jf{wf/xsf] lgdf{0f u/L ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{' cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . Psftkm{
lghL If]q;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf gful/s p8\8og ;]jfnfO{ ;j{;'ne, ;Ifd / ;'b[9 agfpg'kg]{5
eg] csf]{tkm{ g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] ;du| ;+/rgfdf ;'wf/ ub}{ nfdf] / 5f]6f] b"/L p8fgsf nflu
pko'tm jfo'ofgxsf] ;\Vofdf j[l4 u/L lgudsf] cfGtl/s Pjd\ cGt/f{li6o ahf/ lx:;f
clej[l4 ug{ klg plQs} h?/L b]lvG5 .
g]kfnL jfo'If]qleq /x]sf] p8\8og ;'/Iffsf] r'gf}tLnfO{ Joj:yfkg ub}{ p8\8og ;'/IffnfO{
yk ;'b[9Ls/0f u/L g]kfnL jfo'If]q ;'/lIft /x]sf] ;Gb]z ljZj;fd' k'ofP/ ko{6g k|j4{gdf
pNn]vgLo of]ubfg ug{' cfjZos 5 . g]kfndf xjfO{ ;]jfsf] ;'?jftb]lv xfn;Dd %) cf]6f
ljdfg:ynx lgdf{0f eO;s]sf] / ^ cf]6f lgdf{0ffwLg u/L %^ cf]6f ljdfg:ynx ePsf]df ##
cf]6f ljdfg:ynx ;~rfngdf /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . lkIfLo xjfO{ ;]jf ;Demf}tf ePsf
d'n'sxsf] ;\Vof #* k'u]sf] 5 eg] g]kfndf p8fg eg]{ cGt/f{li6o jfo'ofgsf] ;\Vof @^ 5 .
cGt/f{li6o gful/s p8\8og ;\u7gsf] dfGotfadf]lhd lgodgsf/L / ;]jf k|bfos lgsfoxsf]
:ki6 sfo{ ljefhg x'g'kg]{ ePsf] oyfy{nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ gful/s p8\8og If]qsf] k'g;{+/rgf ug]{
sfo{ yfngL ul/Psf] 5 . xjfO{ ;]jfnfO{ ;'/lIft Pjd\ ;j{;'ne t'NofO{ cfGtl/s / cGt/f{li6o
xjfO{ ;]jf ;'b[9 ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ r':t b':t agfpg', cfjZos ;\Vofdf p8fgdfu{
lj:tf/ u/L ;]jfnfO{ ;dofs"n cfw'lgsLs/0f ug'{, cGt/f{li6o ahf/df k|efjsf/L pkl:ylt
k'ofpg', lgudn] ck]lIft Jofj;flos Ifdtf j[l4 u/L cfdhgtfnfO{ :t/Lo ;]jf lbg', lgudsf]
;du| ahf/ lx:;f / k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtfdf j[l4 ug{', pknAw hgzlQmsf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug{',
;~rfngdf /x]sf ljdfg:ynaf6 :t/Lo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg' gful/s p8\8og If]qdf /x]sf
k|d'v r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
gful/s p8\8og If]qsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f, jfo'dfu{sf] lj:tf/, jfo';]jfxsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/,
p8\8og ;'/Iff tyf xjfO{ ;'/Iff clej[l4sf nflu cGt/f{li6o ;\3;+:yf tyf l5d]sL /fi6x;Fu
;xsfo{ / ;dGjo x'g', gful/s p8\8og If]qdfkm{t\ d'n'ssf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; u/L ul/aL
Go"gLs/0f ug]{tkm{ s]lGb|t x'g', If]qLocGt/f{li6o ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ k|fyldstfdf /xg',

146 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


xjfO{ ofq'xsf] rfk a9\b} uPaf6 g]kfnL ljdfg sDkgLxn] cGt/f{li6o p8fg yk ug{;Sg]
cj:yf ljBdfg x'g' xjfO{ If]qsf] ljsf;df dxjk"0f{ cj;/x x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
xjfO{ oftfoftsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/dfkm{t\ ;'/lIft, :t/Lo / e/kbf]{ ;]jf pknAw u/fO{
ko{6g k|j4{g, /f]huf/L l;h{gf / lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; .
#=@ nIo
;'/lIft, e/kbf]{, Jofj;flos / ljZj;gLo xjfO{ ;]jf lj:tf/ ub}{ /fli6o Pjd\
cGt/f{li6o:t/df :t/Lo ;]jfsf] k|Tofe"lt lbnfpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= ;'/lIft / k|efjsf/L xjfO{ oftfoftdfkm{t\ tf]lsPsf /fli6o Pjd\ cGt/f{li6o
uGtJoxdf kx'Fr lj:tf/ ug'{ .
@= ;'/lIft tyf u'0f:t/Lo ;]jfsf] dfWodaf6 gful/s p8\8ogsf] If]qnfO{ d'n'ssf]
;jf{\uL0f ljsf;df dxjk"0f{ If]qsf] kdf ljsf; ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= xjfO{ ;]jfsf] If]qdf ljsf; eO/x]sf] gofF cfofdxnfO{ ;d]6\b} gjLgtd k||ljlwxsf]
pkof]u tyf ;+:yfut ;'wf/ u/L p8fg ;'/IffnfO{ pRr k|fyldstfsf ;fy k|j4{g
ug]{ .
@= lghL If]q;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf xjfO{ ;]jfnfO{ e/kbf]{, ;'/lIft, ;j{;'ne tyf lgoldt
oftfoftsf] kdf ;~rfng u/L] /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o:t/df kx'Fr lj:tf/ ug]{ .
#= d'n'ssf] k|fb]lzs tyf ef}uf]lns ;Gt'ng sfod x'g] u/L xjfO{ ;]jf tyf k"jf{wf/xsf]
ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!. ljBdfg g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fnfO{ k'g;{+/rgf u/L ;]jf k|bfos / lgofds
5'f5'} lgsfo x'g]u/L sfg'gL Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_
@= gful/s p8\8og If]qnfO{ ;'/lIft tyf e/kbf]{ agfpg cg'udg / lgodg k|lqmofnfO{
kf/bzL{ / k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -!_
#= xjfO{ ;]jfnfO{ ;'/lIft agfpg ljdfg:ynxdf cfw'lgs p8\8og ;xfos pks/0f
Pjd\ pko'Qm k|ljlwsf] Joj:yfsf ;fy} ljdfgxsf] p8fg ;'/Iff, cg'udg / hfFr
k|0ffnLnfO{ cGt/f{li6o dfkb08 cg's"n agfOg]5 . -!_

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 147


$= cGt/f{li6o gful/s p8\8og ;\u7gn] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] dfGotf tyf /fli6o
cfjZostfcg';f/ x'g]u/L cGt/f{li6o xjfO{ ;]jf ;Demf}tf ul/g]5 . ;Demf}tf eO;s]sf
d'n'sx;Fusf] xjfO{ ;Demf}tfnfO{ ;do;fk]If k'g/fjnf]sg ub}{ nlug]5 . -!_
%. g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ r':t, b'?:t / k|lt:kwL{ agfO{ cfjZos
ljdfgxsf] vl/b tyf ;]jfdf ;'wf/ ul/g]5 . -!_
^= b'u{d If]q xjfO{ ljsf; sf]ifnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9\uaf6 kl/rfng u/L b'u{d If]qxdf
xjfO{ oftfoftnfO{ lgoldt / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Frof]Uo agfOg]5 . -@_
&= cfktsfnLg k|of]hgsf nflu ;a} uflj; / gu/kflnsdf x]lnKof8 lgdf{0f
ul/g]5 . -@, #_
*= ;8s ;~hfn gk'u]sf b'u{d If]qdf xjfO{ ;]jf lj:tf/ u/L ko{6g k|j4{gdf lghL
If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -@, #_
(= k|of]udf gcfPsf tyf k"0f{ Ifdtfdf ;~rfng gePsf ljdfg:ynxnfO{ :t/f]Gglt
u/L ;fxl;s Pjd\ dgf]/~hgfTds jfo';]jf ;~rfng u/L ko{6g k|j{4gdf pkof]u
ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= xjfO{ ;]jfnfO{ k|lt:kwL{, Jofj;flos / pQ/bfoL agfpg lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg
ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= ko{6sLo kn] dxjk"0f{ ljdfg:ynnfO{ afx|} dlxgf ;~rfngof]Uo agfOg]5 . -@_
!@= If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6o:t/sf] ;'ljwf;DkGg ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0fnfO{ pRr
k|fyldstfdf /flvg]5 . -#_
!#= lqe'jg cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:ynsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . -#_
!$= lgdf{0ffwLg ljdfg:ynxnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ul/g]5 . -#_
!%= k|To]s k|fb]lzs /fhwfgLdf sDtLdf Ps :t/Lo ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -#_
!^= cGt/f{li6oIf]qLo ljdfg:ynnfO{ cGt/f{li6o 6flGh6sf] kdf k|of]u x'g]u/L ljsf;
ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
uf}tda'4 cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] x'g], kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6o
ljdfg:yn / af/fdf cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:ynsf] sfo{ k|f/De ePsf] x'g], lqe'jg cGt/f{li6o
ljdfg:ynsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ePsf] x'g], ;a} df};ddf ;~rfng x'g] ljdfg:ynxsf] ;\Vof #)
k'u]sf] x'g], cfGtl/s p8fg ug]{ jfo';]jfxsf] ;\Vof !* af6 @% k'u]sf] x'g], g]kfn cfpg] ljb]zL
ljdfg sDkgLxsf] ;\Vof #! k'u]sf] x'g], xjfO{ ;L6sf] ;\Vof jflif{s *) nfv k'u]sf] x'g],
lkIfLo xjfO{ ;]jf ;Demf}Tff ePsf b]zxsf] ;\Vof $@ k'u]sf] x'g], k|To]s uflj;df Ps
x]lnKof8 ePsf] x'g] / k|To]s k|fb]lzs /fhwfgLdf Ps :t/Lo ljdfg:yn ePsf] x'g]5 .

148 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


%=@=# /]n tyf cGo oftfoft
!= k[i7e"ld
/]n oftfoft ;]jfsf] lj:tf/af6 ;j{:ffwf/0fdf kx'Fr k'ofO{ d'n'ssf] ;fdflhscfly{s
ljsf;df dxjk"0f{ of]ubfg ug]{ p2]Zon] /]Nf oftfoft If]qsf] klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . ljutdf sd}
k|fyldstfdf /xg] u/]sf] / guGo ;'ljwf ePsf] eP tfklg /]n ;]jfsf] dxj cfsng e} k"j{ -
d]rL_ klZrd -dxfsfnL_, /;'jfu9Lsf7df8f+}kf]v/fn'lDagL, ef/tLo ;Ldfaf6 dxjk"0f{
cf}Bf]lus Jofkfl/s ;x/If]qxdf /]n ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ hogu/hgsk'/alb{af; tyf
aygfxfs6x/Llj/f6gu/ /]n lgdf{0fsf] sfd cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 . To:t}, cGo oftfoft ;]jftk{m
/Hh' dfu{ / hn oftfoft ;]jf ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug'{ klg d'n'ssf] nflu
cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
/]n ;]jf :yfkgf / ;~rfngsf nflu k|f/lDes nfut clws x'g', k|:tfljt k"j{klZrd
/]ndfu{sf] ;dfgfGt/ kdf k"j{klZrd /fhdfu{ / x'nfsL dfu{sf] lgdf{0fkZrft\ klg nfut
k|efjsfl/tf sfod /fVg', /]n tyf cGo oftfoft ;]jfdf lghL If]qsf] nufgLnfO{ cfslif{t ug{'kg]{
cfjZostf b]lvg', /]n ;]jfsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg ug'{, ef/t ;/sf/af6 lgdf{0ffwLg
/]ndfu{xdf nf]sf]df]l6e tyf af]uLx / rfns;xrfnssf] Joj:yf u/L o;nfO{ nfut
k|efjsf/L agfpg' r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .
cj;/
ljb]zL nufgLstf{ cfslif{t x'g', t}No kbfy{sf] vr{df sdL x'guO{ /fli6o ;l~rltdf a9f]Q/L
x'g', #&@ ls=ld= lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ x'g', l5d]sL d'n'sxdf ePsf] /]Nj]sf]
ljsf;af6 pTk|]/0ff k|fKt eO/xg' / o;df ;xof]u k|fKt x'g' o; If]qsf] cj;/sf kdf lng
;lsG5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;j{;'ne / cfw'lgs /]n dfu{ tyf cGo oftfoftsf dfWodaf6 lbuf] ljsf; / ;d[l4 .
#=@ nIo
lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu ;'/lIft, e/kbf]{, kof{j/0fd}qL /fli6o /]n tyf cGo oftfoft ;~hfn
lj:tf/ u/L cfly{s ljsf;df 6]jf k'ofpg] .

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 149


#=# p2]Zo
cfd oftfoft ;'ljwf lj:tf/, cGt/b]zLo Jofkf/ ;DaGw, /fli6o cfly{s;fdflhs
PsLs/0f, k|fb]lzs tyf ef}uf]lns ;Gt'ng / ljsf;df of]ubfg k'Ug] u/L e/kbf]{ / ;'/lIft /]n
tyf cGo oftfoft ;~hfndf hgtfsf] kx'Fr k'ofpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ;'/lIft /]n;]jfsf] lj:tf/ u/L ofqL oftfoft / j:t'sf] 9'jfgL ;xh t'Nofpg] .
@= /f]kj], s]jnsf/, hn oftfofth:tf cGo j}slNks oftfoft ;~hfnsf] ljsf; /
lj:tf/ ug]{] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
! Df]rLb]lv dxfsfnL hf]8\g] u/L ljB'tLo /]ndfu{ lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8 a9fOg]5 . -!_
@= /;'jfu9Lsf7df8f}+kf]v/fn'lDagL hf]8\g] u/L /0fgLlts Pjd\ Jofkfl/s ljB'tLo
/]ndfu{sf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/L lgdf{0f sfo{ cf/De ul/g]5 . -!_
#= g]kfn ef/t ;Ldfdf klxrfg ul/Psf ljleGg kfFr :yfgsf] /]ndfu{ lgdf{0f sfo{ k|f/De
ul/g]5 . -!_
$= sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] a9\bf] oftfoftsf] cj:yfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ;DefJotfsf cfwf/df
sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf d]6f]df]gf] /]nsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8 a9fOg]5 . -!_
%= /]nsf] k|fljlws dfkb08 tof/ kf/L cjnDag ul/g]5 . -!_
^= sf7df8f}+t/fO{ hf]8\g] /]ndfu{sf] cWoog ul/g]5 . -!_
&= ;x/L If]qdf /]n tyf s]jnsf/ oftfoftdf nufgL ug{ ;fj{hlgslghL ;fem]bf/Lsf
sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -!,@_
*= ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df /Hh' dfu{ tyf hn oftfoftsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_
(= j}slNks oftfoft ;~hfn lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{ ;fj{hlgslghL ;fem]bf/Ldf cl3
a9fOg]5 . -@_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
lgld{t 6ofs nDafO &) ls=ld= k'u]sf] x'g], :t/f]Gglt ePsf] /]ndfu{sf] nDafO *@ ls=ld=
k'u]sf] x'g], !@@^ ls=ld=/]n dfu{sf] l8=lk=cf/=k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] x'g] / &* ls=ld=d]6f] /]nsf]
l8=lk=cf/= k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] x'g]5 .

%=@=$ oftfoft Joj:yfkg


!= k[i7e"ld
cfly{s ultljlw lj:tf/sf nflu nfutk|efjL, s'zn / e/kbf]{ oftfoft ;]jfsf] e"ldsf
dxjk"0f{ x'G5 . t/ of] If]q cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf] cefj / cfofltt k]6f]lnod kbfy{dfly{sf]
lge{/tfsf sf/0f e/kbf]{ / lbuf] x'g;s]sf] 5}g . ;8s oftfoftdf vlghhGo OGwgdf k"0f{ kdf

150 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


lge{/ /x]sf] xfnsf] cj:yfdf pmhf{sf cGo ljsNkxaf6 ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] ;jf/L ;fwgsf]
k|of]u ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfO;s]sf] 5 . ;fy}, o; If]qnfO{ yk Jojl:yt, dof{lbt agfO{ ;'ne
tl/sfaf6 gful/sn]] d'n'ssf] s'g} klg e"efudf cfjthfjt ug{ kfpg] df}lns clwsf/nfO{
;+/If0f ug'{ o; If]q;Fu ;+nUg ;a}sf] st{Jo xf] . ;8s ;~hfnsf] lj:tf/ / ;jf/L ;fwgxsf]
pknAwtfn] dfq ;fj{hlgs oftfoft Jojl:yt x'g g;Sg] x'Fbf ;j{;'ne, u'0f:t/Lo /
jftfj/0fd}qL ;]jfsf] nflu ;/sf/L lgsfoxsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf clej[l4sf ;fy} lghL If]qsf
oftfoft Joj;foLxsf] e"ldsfnfO{ cem} a9L lhDd]jf/ / ofq'd}qL agfpg' cfjZos 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;jf/L ;fwgsf] j[l4;Fu} o;sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug'{, a9\bf] ;jf/L b'3{6gf, ;x/L If]qdf
;jf/Laf6 x'g] Wjlg tyf jfo' k|b"if0fsf] :t/ / 6flkms hfdsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{, k'/fgf ;jf/L
;fwgxsf] Joj:Yffkg / clgolGqt cfoft lgoGq0f ug{', ;fj{hlgs oftfoftnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo
Pjd\ kx'Frof]Uo t'Nofpg', cb[Zo kdf sfod} /x]sf] l;l08s]6 k|0ffnL x6fpg', oftfoft If]qdf
;Da4 lgsfoaLr ;dGjo sfod ug'{, oftfoft cg'udg sfo{nfO{ yk k|efjsf/L t'Nofpg'',
sfof{noaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ gful/sd}qL agfpg' / hgtfsf] ljZjf; xfl;n ug'{
oftfoft If]qsf] r'gf}tLsf] kdf b]vfk/]sf] 5 .
cj;/
;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ sDkgL df]8]ndf ;~rfngsf] yfngL x'g', cfw'lgs / ;'ljwf
;DkGg ;jf/L ;fwgxdf j[l4 x'g', jftfj/0fd}qL ;jf/L ;fwg ;~rfngsf] yfngL x'g',
;fj{hlgs oftfoft kx'Frof]Uo x'Fb} hfg' tyf oftfoft Joj:yfkgaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jfxdf
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] k|of]udf j[l4 x'g' k|d'v cj;/x x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo ,p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
sd vlr{nf], ;'/lIft / k|lt:kwL{ oftfoft k|0ffnLsf] ;'lglZrttf .
#=@ nIo
oftfoft ;]jfnfO{{ kx'Frof]Uo, ;'/lIft, ;j{;'ne, Jojl:yt / jftfj/0fd}qL agfpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
oftfoft Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ u/L ;j{;fwf/0fsf] cfjfudg tyf 9'jfgLnfO{ kx'Frof]Uo,
;'/lIft / Jojl:yt agfpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= oftfoft Joj:yfkgdf k|lqmofut ;'wf/ u/L ;+:yfut Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .
@= ;fj{hlgs oftfoftnfO{ :t/Lo, ;dfj]zL tyf gful/sd}qL agfpg] .

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 151


#= oftfoft Joj:yfkgdf lghL tyf ;xsf/L If]qsf] e"ldsfnfO{ k|efjsf/L u/fpg lgodg
k|0ffnL ;'b[9 u/fpg] .
$= ;jf/L ;fwgxnfO{ jftfj/0fd}qL agfpg] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= k|d'v If]qxdf ;jf/L k|b"if0f dfkgsf nflu :jrflnt k|ljlwsf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -!_
@= k|fb]lzs:t/df ;jf/L ;fwgsf] pko'Qm k|lzIf0f s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -!_
#= sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] ;8s ;~hfndf ;fj{hlgs oftfoft k|0ffnLnfO{ l/l6\u u/L
df; 6flGh6d'vL agfOg]5 . -@_
$= sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] 6flkms Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg OG6]lnh]G; 6flkms
k|0ffnL cjnDag ul/g]5 . -@_
%= Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ l;6 cf/If0f tyf ef8fdf ;x'lnotsf ;fy} ckf\utf ePsf JolQm
/ dlxnfnfO{ l;6 cf/If0f x'g] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -@_
^= oftfoft If]qdf ;+nUg hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf ljsf; Pjd\ cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
&= ;jf/L b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0f tyf ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug{ ;jf/L cg'udgnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfOg]5 . -@_
*= ;du| oftfoft Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf lgodg ug{ sfg'gL Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -@, #_
(= ;fj{hlgs oftfoft k|j4{g ug{ ;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L If]q;Fu ;xsfo{
ul/g]5 . -#_
!)= ;jf/L dfkb08sf] kl/kfng tyf cg'udgdf ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf;Fu ;xsfo{
ul/g]5 . -#_
!!= j}slNks tyf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{af6 rNg] ;jf/L ;fwgxnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -$_
!@= ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cfo', k|b"if0f dfkb08 / Ifdtfsf] k'gdf{kg ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
oftfoft ;]jf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 Jojl:yt ePsf] x'g], oftfoft
k|zf;gdf k|lqmofut ;'wf/ tyf ;+:yfut Ifdtfdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g], ;jf/L b'3{6gfnfO{ Go"gLs/0f
ug{ cg'udg k|0ffnL ;+:yfut ePsf] x'g], l;G8Ls]6 k|0ffnLsf] cGTo ePsf] x'g] / ;du| oftfoft
If]qsf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ePsf] x'g]5 .

152 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


%=# ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/
!= k[i7e"ld
gful/ssf] ;+ljwfg k|bQ df}lns xssf] kdf /x]sf] ;"rgfsf] xssf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ub}{
cfd;~rf/nfO{ :jR5, ;Ifd, lgikIf, dof{lbt, lhDd]jf/ / Jofj;flos agfpg cfjZos Joj:yf
ug]{ /fHosf] gLlt x'g] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ If]qdf
lelqPsf cTofw'lgs k|ljlwxsf] Jofks pkof]u u/L ;j{;'ne kdf ;]jf ;'ljwfdf ljljwLs/0f
ub}{ u|fdL0fnufot ;x/L If]q;Dd u'0f:t/Lo, k|lt:kwL{ Pjd\ ;j{;'ne kdf ;]jf ;'ljwf pknAw
u/fO{ b]zsf] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs nIo k|flKtdf 6]jf k'ofpg'k/]sf] 5 . e"d08nLs/0fsf]
d"nk|jfxdf ;dflxt x'g;d]t o; If]qnfO{ k"jf{wf/sf] kdf ljsf; Pjd\ lj:tf/ ub}{ hfg' cfhsf]
cfjZostf xf] .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf o; If]qaf6 k|bfg xF'b} cfPsf] ;]jfdf ;\VofTds j[l4 tyf kx'Fr lj:tf/
pT;fxhgs /Xof] eg] u'0ffTds ;'wf/sf nflu yk k|of; hf/L /x]sf] 5 . 6]lnkmf]g 3gTj !!)=@%
k|ltzt, OG6/g]6 u|fxs 3gTj $^ k|ltzt / /]l8of]sf] /fli6o k|;f/0fdf kx'Fr ** k|ltzt k'u]sf]
5 . d'n'snfO{ cNkljsl;t d'n'saf6 :t/f]Gglt u/L ljsf;zLn /fi6sf] k\ltdf pEofpg ;"rgf
/ ;~rf/sf] dxjnfO{ bod u/L o; If]qsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg'k/]sf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
u|fdL0f:t/;Dd b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] kx'Fr lj:tf/;Fu} u'0f:t/ sfod ug]{ ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf
/x]sf cfd;~rf/ dfWodxdf Jofj;flostf, k|lt:kwf{, u'0ffTdstf, cfw'lgs k|ljlwo'Qm /
ljs]lGt ub}{ :jlge{/ t'Nofpg' Ps k|d'v r'gf}tLsf] kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . x'nfs ;]jfsf] k'g;{+/rgf
u/L ax'pkof]uL ;+:yfsf] kdf ljsf; ug{', ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno tyf dftxtsf
lgsfoxsf] P]ltxfl;s dxjsf j:t' pTkfbg / ;]jfxnfO{ l8lh6n csf{Oedf ;'/lIft /fVg',
ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodsf] cg'udg ug{', ;'/If0f d'0f;DjGwL sfo{ :jb]zdf ug{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/
tof/ ug'{, k|;f/0f ;+:yfn] k|;f/0f ug]{ ljifoj:t', To;sf] u'0f:t/, To;df u/]sf] nufgL, k|of]u
ePsf] k|ljlw / hgzlQmsf] af/]df cg'udg ug'{, g]kfn 6]lnsdsf] /fi6JofkL kx'Fr lj:tf/ ug{' /
;fj{hlgs lgsfodf /x]sf] ;"rgfnfO{ l8lh6fOH8 u/L cgnfOgaf6 ;"rgf dfUg] / pknAw u/fpg'
o; If]qsf cGo r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/sf] dfWodaf6 hgtfsf] ;';"lrt x'g kfpg] ;+j}wflgs xssf] k|Tofe"lt
x'g', ;]jf k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg] zf;g ;+oGqnfO{ a9L ;xeflutfd"ns Pjd\ kf/bzL{ agfpg',
;fj{hlgs k|;f/0fnfO{ ;dfj]zL, lg:kIf, :jtGq / :jfoQ agfO{ wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts / eflifs
cltqmd0fnfO{ /f]sL /fli6o Pstf k|j4g{ ug{ ;lsg] jftfj/0f aGg', /fHon] lnPsf] v'nf gLltsf

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 153


sf/0f lghL If]qsf ;~rf/ dfWodxn] b]zJofkL kdf k|;f/0f ug'{, OG6/g]6sf] a9\bf] k|of]un]
ljsf; k|lqmof ;xh x'g' o; If]qsf cj;/x x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
gjLg k|ljlwxsf] clwstd pkof]u ub}{ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ ;]jfdfkm{t\ ;fdflhs,
;f+:s[lts ljsf; tyf cfly{s ;d[l4 .
#=@ nIo
d'n'sel/ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/sf] ;~hfn :yfkgf u/L ;"rgfsf] dfWodaf6 cfly{s ljsf;,
;fdflhs ;b\efj / ;f+:s[lts ;+/If0fdf 6]jf k'ofpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwnfO{ gjLgtd, e/kbf]{, u'0f:t/Lo / kx'FrnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfO{
/fi6sf] ;dli6ut ljsf;df of]ubfg k'ofpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= b"/;~rf/ If]qdf pknAw ePsf gjLgtd k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L b]ze/ ;j{;'ne kdf
e/kbf]{ u'0f:t/Lo EjfO; P08 8f6f ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] .
@= ;fj{hlgs ;~rf/ dfWodxnfO{ k|lt:kwL{, Jofj;flos, cfw'lgs / :jfoQ agfpg] .
#= ;'/If0f d'0f;DaGwL ;a} k"jf{wf/ tof/ u/L d'0f ljefunfO{ ;'/If0f d'0ffnosf kdf
ljsf; ug]{ .
$= ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts d"No, dfGotf, ;b\efj, ;lxi0f'tf / /fli6o Pstf k|j4{g x'g]
tyf g]kfnsf] ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{g x'g] vfnsf df}lns Pjd\ cfw'lgs
rnlrq lgdf{0f ug{ hf]8 lbg] .
%= ;\3Lo ;+/rgfadf]lhd x'nfs ;]jfsf] k'g;{+/rgf u/L yk cfw'lgs, Jofj;flos,
k|lt:kwL{ tyf ax'pkof]uL agfpg] .
^= hgtfsf] ;';"lrt x'g kfpg] ;"rgfsf] xssf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ plrt Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
&= k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg ub}{ cfd;~rf/ dfWodxnfO{ dof{lbt, lhDd]jf/ /
pQ/bfoL agfpg] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ ;]jfdf l6eL jfO8 :k]z k|ljlw;lxtsf] gjLg k|ljlwsf] clwstd
pkof]u ul/g]5 . -!_
@= a|f]8Jof08 tyf clK6sn kmfOj/sf] ;~hfnnfO{ b]zJofkL agfOg]5 . clK6sn
kmfOj/sf] kx'Fr sl7g x'g] :yfgxdf tf//lxt k|ljlwdfkm{t\ ;]jf k'ofOg]5 . -!_

154 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#= b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf nflu k|of]u ePsf s]jnxnfO{ c08/u|fp08 u/L Jojl:yt
kfl/g]5 . -!_
$= u|fdL0f:t/df b"/;~rf/ ;]jf lj:tf/ / ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{sf ;fy} ;"rgfsf] kx'Fr k'ofpg
u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ sf]if sfo{ljlw Jofjxfl/s agfO{ /sdsf] ;b'kof]u ul/g]5 . -!_
%= g]kfnnfO{ k|fKt cfla{6n :6nsf] pkof]u u/L cfg} e"pku|xsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
^= 6]lnkmf]g t];|f] k':tf -y|L hL_ ;]jfsf] lj:tf/ b]zsf] k|To]s lhNnf, gu/kflnsf x'Fb}
uf=lj=;=;Dd k'ofOg]5 . b]zsf k|d'v ;x/xdf rf}yf] k':tf ;]jf k'ofOg]5 . -!_
&= b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/;DaGwdf ;do;fk]If u'0f:t/ lgod nfu" ul/g]5 . -!_
*= If]qut ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ d2t k'Ug] u/L ljB'tLo ;'zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L u/fOg]5 . -!_
(= g]kfnnfO{ pknAw lk|mSj]G;Lsf] pRrtd pkof]u ug{ o;;DaGwL k|lqmofnfO{ kf/bzL{ /
k|lt:kwL{ agfOg]5 . -!_
!)= ;fj{hlgs ;~rf/ dfWodxnfO{ k|lt:kwL{, Jofj;flos, :jfoQ agfpFb} :jlge{/
;~rf/dfWodsf] kdf ljsf; ug{ gLltut Joj:yf ul/g]5 . If]qLo k|sfzg tyf
k|;f/0f s]Gx yk ub}{ nlug]5 . -@_
!!= /]l8of] g]kfn / g]kfn 6]lnlehgnfO{ l8lh6fOH8 u/L ;fj{hlgs k|;f/0f ;]jfdf
kfGt/0f ug{ sfg'gL tyf ;+:yfut Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -@_
!@= uf]/vfkq ;+:yfgnfO{ k|lt:kwL{, Jofj;flos / cfw'lgs agfpFb} o;sf] ;]jf lj:tf/
ul/g]5 . -@_
!#= /]l8of] g]kfn, /f;;h:tf ;fj{hlgs ;~rf/ dfWodxsf] Ifdtf j[l4 u/L Jofj;flos
k|lt:kwf{df ;Ifd agfpg / o;sf] ;|f]txnfO{ clwstd\ k|of]u u/L ;~rf/ ;]jf
lj:tf/ / ;'b[9 ug{ ;fj{hlgslghL ;fem]bf/L cjwf/0ff cjnDag ul/g]5 . -@_
!$= ;fj{hlgs k|;f/0fnfO{ ;dfj]zL, lg:kIf, :jtGq / :jfoQ agfO{ k|b]z /
:yfgLo:t/;Dd k'ofOg]5 . -@_
!%= ;'/If0f d'0f;DaGwL sfg'g lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -#_
!^= ;'/If0f d'0f;DaGwL sfo{ :jbzd} ug{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ / ;+:yfut Joj:yf u/L d'b|0f
k|f/De ul/g]5 . -#_
!&= d'0f ljefunfO{ lghL If]qaf6 ;~rflnt 5fkfvfgfxsf] lgofds lgsfosf kdf
:yflkt ul/g]5 . -#_
!*= rnlrqsf] pTkfbg, ljt/0f / k|bz{gdf k|ltlnlk clwsf/sf] Joj:yfkg, ;+/If0f /
sfof{GjognfO{ Jojl:yt, kf/bzL{ / k|efjsf/L agfpg ;Da4 kIfxaLr ljlw;Ddt
;Demf}tf ug]{u/fpg] k4ltsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -$_
!(= rnlrq;Fu ;DalGwt lgdf{tf, lgb]{zs, k|fljlws, snfsf/, ljt/s / k|bz{sxsf]
cfrf/;+lxtfnfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -$_

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 155


@)= g]kfnL k'/fgf rnlrqxnfO{ ;+/lIft ug{ l8lh6nfOh];g ul/g]5 / rnlrq k':tsfno
/ /fli6o rnlrq ;\u|xfnosf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 . rnlrq If]qdf aS; clkm; ;]jf
nfu" ul/g]5 . -$_
@!= x'nfs ;]jfnfO{ ;\3Lo ;+/rgfadf]lhd k'g;{+/rgf u/L o;nfO{ cfw'lgs k|ljlwd}qL
agfOg]5 .
@@= x'nfs art a}+snfO{ u|fxsaf6 s'g} klg x'nfs sfof{noaf6 art / C0fsf] ;]jf kfpg]
k|0ffnLdf cfa4 u/L art a}+ssf] nufgLsf] If]q / ;]jf lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -%_
@#= 6]nL;]G6/xnfO{ x'nfs sfof{noxdf cfa4 u/L PsLs[t ;"rgf s]Gsf] kdf ljsf;
ul/g]5 . -%_
@$= sf7df8f}+ pkTosfnfO{ x'nfs ;]jf k|jfxsf] b[li6n] Pp6} k|zf;lgs PsfO dfgL uf]Zjf/f
x'nfsdfkm{t\ x'nfs ;]jfsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -%_
@%= lghL If]qdfkm{t\ pknAw u/fpg] ;Sg] x'nfs ;]jfnfO{ kf]i6n ;le{; ;]G6/sf]
cjwf/0ffadf]lhd ;fj{hlgslghL ;fem]bf/Ldf ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -%_
@^= ;"rgfsf] xssf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu /fli6o ;"rgf cfof]unfO{ k|efjsf/L / ;Ifd
agfOg]5 . -^_
@&= g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|jfx x'g] ;"rgfx ;"rgf ljefudfkm{t\ k|jfx x'g]u/L ;"rgf
ljefunfO{ ;"rgf a}+ssf] kdf ljsf; ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -^_
@*= ljleGg lgsfoxsf P]ltxfl;s dxjsf j:t', pTkfbg / ;]jfxnfO{ l8lh6n
csf{Oedf ;'/lIft ul/g]5 . -^_
@(= ;~rf/ If]qdf cfPsf gofF k|ljlw / ljsf;nfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ gofF cfd;~rf/ gLlt
th{'df u/L nfu" ul/g]5 . -&_
#)= kqsfl/tf k]zfnfO{ Jofj;flos, dof{lbt tyf Ifdtfo'Qm agfpg cfd;~rf/;DaGwL
cWoog, cg';Gwfg / k|lzIf0f sfo{ yfngL ul/g]5 . -&_
#!= k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnnfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f ub}{ o;sf] e"ldsf / ;]jfdf lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -&_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
of]hgf cjlwdf 6]lnkmf]g 3gTj !!& k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g], OG6/g]6 3gTj ^% k|ltzt k'u]sf]
x'g], cfd;~rf/ dfWod Jofj;flos, dof{lbt / lhDd]jf/ ePsf] x'g], hgtfsf] ;';"lrt x'g]
clwsf/ ;+/lIft ePsf] x'g], ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 d'n'ssf] ;f+:s[lts d"No
dfGotfsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;fdflhs ;b\efj clej[l4 ug{ d2t k'u]sf] x'g], cgnfOg ;]jf Jojl:yt
ePsf] x'g], x'nfs ;]jf k'g;{+/rgf e} Jofj;flos ePsf] x'g] / rnlrq If]q a9L Jofj;flos /
dof{lbt ePsf] x'g]5 .

156 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


%=$ ejg, cfjf; tyf ;x/L ljsf;
%=$=! ejg tyf cfjf;
!= k[i7e"ld
lghL If]q;d]tsf] ;lqmotfdf ;a}sf nflu Ifdtfcg';f/sf] ;'/lIft cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ug{
lskmfotL, jftfj/0fd}qL tyf e"sDksf] hf]lvdd'Qm ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL ejgx lgdf{0f tyf
ljsf; ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . @)&@ j}zfvdf uPsf] ljgf;sf/L e"sDk / o;n] k'ofPsf]
IfltnfO{ ;d]t dWogh/ u/L ejg ;+lxtfnfO{ s8fOsf ;fy sfof{Gjog ug{] tyf ePsf
ejgxsf] hf]lvd k/LIf0f u/L cfjZostfcg';f/ ;anLs/0f ug'{ plQs} h/L 5 . k|To]s
gful/snfO{ pko'Qm cfjf;sf] xs x'g]5 eGg] df}lns xssf] Joj:yf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf] 5
eg] ;a}sf nflu ;'/lIft, kof{Kt / cf}sftcg';f/sf] cfjf; pknAw u/fpg] b"/b[li6;lxtsf]
/fli6o cfjf; gLlt, @)^* sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{5 .
/fli6o hgu0fgf, @)^* cg';f/ g]kfndf s'n $& nfv ^& xhf/ 3/ejg -cfjf;Lo
;+/rgf_ /x]sf 5g\, h;df %$ nfv @& xhf/ kl/jf/ a;f]af; ub{5g\ . cfjf;Lo 3/xdWo] ##
k|ltzt c:yfoL k|s[ltsf 5g\, h;dWo] *%=@^ k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/ cfg} :jfldTjsf] 3/df
a:b5g\ . ljut !% jif{df 3/ef8fdf a:g]sf] lx:;f @ k|ltztaf6 a9]/ !@=*! k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 .
clt ljkGg nlIft ju{sf nflu ;/sf/af6 hgtf cfjf; sfo{qmd / Jofj;flos If]qdf ckf6{d]G6
PsfO lgdf{0f sfo{ cl3 a9]sf] 5 . :yfgLo lgdf{0f ;fdu|L / k|ljlw k|of]u u/L agfOPsf] ;/sf/L
ejgxsf] k|fk tof/ u/L lskmfotL cfjf;sf ljleGg gd'gfx tof/ ePsf 5g\ . e"sDk
kLl8t kl/jf/xsf nflu ;/sf/sf] cg'bfg ;xof]udf ;'/lIft cfjf; lgdf{0f ;'? ePsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;'/lIft a:tL ljsf;sf nflu hUuf k|fKt ug{' tyf hf]lvddf /x]sf a:tL :yfgfGt/0f ug'{,
:yfgLo lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lxsf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg cfjZos cg';Gwfg u/L gd\{z / :6\of088{
tof/ ug{' / ;dofg's"n cfjf; tyf ejg If]qdf gofF k|ljlwxsf] k|of]u ug{', /fli6o ejg
;+lxtfsf] kfng u/L ;a} lsl;dsf ejg ;'/lIft t/jn] lgdf0f{ ug'{, ;/sf/L ejgsf] lgdf{0fsf]
sfo{ Psf/ k|0ffnLaf6 ;Dkfbg u/fpg', Go"g cfo ju{sf nflu ;'/lIft a;f]af;sf] Joj:yf ug'{,
7"nf] ;\Vofdf cfjZos kg]{ l;sdL{ / 8sdL{xnfO{ ejg lgdf{0f k|ljlw / ejg ;+lxtf;DaGwL
tflnd lbO{ bIf agfpg'', 7"nf] ;\Vofdf /x]sf] cfjf;sf] dfu k"/f ug'{ / e"sDkaf6 cfjf;sf]
If]qdf ePsf] IfltnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L ;a}nfO{ ;'/lIft, ;'ne / Jojl:yt cfjf; pknAw u/fpg'
k|d'v r'gf}tL /x]sf] 5 .
cj;/
;/sf/L ejgsf] lgdf{0f, dd{t ;Def/, /]vb]v / ;'/Iff;DaGwdf dlGqkl/ifb\af6 PsLs[t
sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f;DaGwL gLltut lg0f{o x'g', ;+o'Qm cfjf; ejg lgdf{0f :jLs[lt tyf

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 157


cg'udg sfo{l{jlw, @)&) :jLs[t u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g', ;+o'Qm cfjf;, ;fd"lxs / of]hgfa4
cfjf;;DaGwL dfkb08 tof/ ul/g', ejg dd{t ;"rgf k|0ffnL ;6j]o/ ljsf; ul/g', e"sDkaf6
Ifltu|:t ejgxsf] k'glg{df{0f ug]{ qmddf lgdf{0f x'g] gofF ;+/rgf / cfjf;nfO{ Jojl:yt /
k|sf]kk|lt/f]wL agfpg] k|lta4tf ;a} If]qaf6 cfpg' k|d'v cj;/x x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;a} gful/ssf] ;'/lIft, ;'ne / Jojl:yt cfjf;df kx'Fr .
#=@ nIo
jftfj/0fd}qL, ;'/lIft / ;'ne ;fj{hlgs ejg tyf lghL cfjf;sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= Jojl:yt a:tL ljsf; u/L ;a}sf nflu ;'ne, ;'/lIft / jftfj/0fd}qL cfjf;sf]
k|j4{g ug{' .
@= e"sDknufotsf ;a} k|sf/sf k|sf]k k|lt/f]wL ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL ejgx lgdf{0f
ug{' .
#=$= /0fgLlt
!= ljkGg / ;LdfGtLs[t ju{ tyf hf]lvddf /x]sf gful/ssf nflu ;'/lIft, lskmfotL /
jftfj/0fd}qL cfjf; ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
@ ;fj{hlgslghL ;fem]bf/L;d]tdf jftfj/0fLo b[li6n] ;Gt'lnt, ljQLo b[li6n] ;DefJo
/ k|fljlws b[li6n] pko'Qm Pjd\ ;'/lIft a:tL ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0fnfO{ k|f]T;flxt
ug{] .
# ;/sf/L ;]jfnfO{ PsLs[t, ;'ne / ;xh agfpg PsLs[t k|zf;lgs Sni6/ tyf
ejgsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
$= e"sDknufotsf ;a} k|sf/sf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ cfjf; / a:tL ljsf; ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= Gb kLl8t, ckftf ePsf JolQmx, h]i7 gful/s, ;8s afnaflnsfnufot
hf]lvddf /x]sf JolQmxsf nflu ljz]if ;fdflhs cfjf;sf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
@= clt ljkGg tyf ;LdfGtLs[t ju{sf nflu hgtf cfjf; sfo{qmd ;a} k|b]zdf lj:tf/
ul/g]5 . -!_
#= 5l/P/ /x]sf] a;f]af;nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ k"jf{wf/;lxtsf] gd'gf PsLs[t a:tL
ljsf;sf] sfo{ cufl8 a9fOg]5 . -@_

158 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


$= /fli6o e"pkof]u gLltcg';f/ clgolGqt a:tL ljsf; / lj:tf/nfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg
a:tL ljsf; k|j4{g If]q / a:tL ljsf; lgif]lwt If]q sf] kdf 5'6\ofpg] Joj:yf
ldnfOg]5 . -@_
% ;a}sf] nfuL ;'/lIft / ;'ne cfjf; nIo xfl;n ug{ ;'/lIft / ;'ne cfjf;
lgdf{0fnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -@_
^= ;fj{hlgslghL ;fem]bf/Ldf 7"nf] ;\Vofdf cfjf; tyf ;xsf/L cfjf;x lgdf{0f
ul/g]5 . -@_
&= ;fj{hlgs / lghL ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ /fli6o ejg ;+lxtfsf] sfof{Gjogdf hf]8
lbOg]5 . -@_
*= :yfgLo k|ljlw / pknAw lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lxsf] k|of]unfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ k|rlnt ejg
l8hfOg / k|ljlwsf] nflu cfjZos dfkb08sf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_
(= 3/ hUuf axfnnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ tyf lghL tyf ;xsf/L nufgLdf axfn ejgx
lgdf{0f / ;~rfng ug{ 3/hUuf axfn;DaGwL sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= k|zf;lgs ;]jf ;xh / ldtJooL agfpg k|zf;lgs Knfhf Pjd\ PsLs[t ;/sf/L
ejg :yfgLo:t/;Dd lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -#_
!!= ljleGg e"uf]nnfO{ ;'xfpFbf] gd'gf ejgsf] gS;f tof/ ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= ;'/lIft cfjf; tyf ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu l;sdL{ tyf 8sdL{ tflndsf ;fy} hgr]tgf
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -$_
!#= ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L e"sDknufotsf k|sf]kaf6 x'g] hLpwgsf] gf]S;fgL tyf
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ tfnLd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -$_
!$= ejg tyf cfjf; lgdf{0fsf If]qdf k|of]u x'g ;Sg] cem lskmfotL, ;'/lIft /
jftfj/0fd}qL lgdf{0f ;fdu|L / gjLgtd k|ljlwsf] k|j4{gsf nflu lgoldt cg';Gwfg /
ljsf; sfo{df z}lIfs k|lti7fgnfO{ kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
s]GbLo lgsfosf nflu tLgcf]6f k|zf;lgs Knfhf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? ePsf] x'g], @! cf]6f
PsLs[t ;/sf/L sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], ^ cf]6f ;efxn lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], *) cf]6f
;/sf/L sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], @),))) hgtf cfjf; lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], !$ cf]6f
ljz]if cfjf;, j[4f>d / ;fd'bflos cfjf; lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g] / &) cf]6f PsLs[t a:tL ljsf;
ePsf] x'g]5 .

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 159


%=$=@ ;x/L ljsf;
!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] cJojl:yt a;f]af;nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug]{ tyf of]hgfa4 / Jojl:yt
a:tL ljsf; ug]{ gLltut Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;x/df ;]jf, ;'ljwf / cj;/x a9L x'g] ePsfn]
dflg;xsf] :jfefljs cfsif{0f ;x/tk{m x'g] ub{5 . kl5Nnf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ g]kfndf sl/a !&
k|ltzt hg;\Vof gu/kflnsf If]qdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf] eP tfklg hgu0fgfeGbf kl5 yk
ePsf gofF gu/kflnsfx;d]t u/]/ xfn @!& gu/kflnsfx /x]sf 5g\, h;cg';f/ xfn ;x/L
If]qdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf] hg;\Vof sl/a $@ k|ltzt /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . ;]jf, ;'ljwf /
cj;/xsf] vf]hL tyf gofF ;x/xsf] j[l4sf] sf/0fn] ;x/L If]qsf] hg;\Vof tLj| j[l4 x'Fb}
uPsf] 5 . o;sf] kl/0ffd:jk ;x/df pknAw ;Lldt cfly{s;fdflhs / ef}lts k"jf{wf/
;]jfxdf cltl/Qm rfk kg{ uPsf] 5 . ;x/sf] ef}uf]lns, k|fs[lts, ;fdflhs, P]ltxfl;s, cfly{s
kIfx ljZn]if0f u/L ;an kIfnfO{ 7DofO{ Ps ;x/ Ps klxrfg sf] cjwf/0ffdf ;x/ ;'xfpFbf]
df}lns klxrfg emNsg] lx;fan] klxrfg;lxtsf] ;x/L ljsf; of]hgfa4 9\un] ug{ ;s]df
;x/n] t'ngfTds kdf a9L nfe k|fKt u/L df}lns lsl;dn] ;x/L ljsf; cufl8 a9\g;Sg]
b]lvG5 . t;y{, of]hgfa4 ;x/L ljsf;dfkm{t\ :jR5, ;'/lIft / ;d[4 klxrfgdo ;x/xsf]
ljsf; u/L dfucg';f/ gful/sxnfO{ ;j{;'ne / e/kbf]{ tl/sfn] u'0f:t/Lo ;x/L ;]jf tyf
;'ljwf pknAw u/fO{ ;x/L afl;Gbfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg' cfjZos ePsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
cJojl:yt ;x/Ls/0fsf ePsf :yfgdf cfwf/e"t ;]jf k'ofpg', gu/f]Gd'v a:tLxdf ;]jf
;'ljwf lj:tf/ ug{', hUuf k|flKt k|lqmof ljsf;d}qL agfpg', :yfgLo lgsfodf hgk|ltlglwx
gx'Fbf klg ;x/L If]qsf] ljsf;df kof{Kt Wofg k'ofpg', ;x/L If]qdf vfg]kfgL, 9n lgsf;,
kmf]x/d}nfsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug'{, a9\bf] k|b"if0fsf sf/0f jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg', ;x/L
If]qsf gbL lsgf/f / ;fj{hlgs e"ldsf] cltqmd0f /f]Sg', ;x/L If]qdf dgf]/~hg:yn zf}rfno /
v'nf:ynsf] Joj:yf ug'{, PsLs[t ;x/L Joj:yfkg tyf ;x/L ;f}Gbo{sf nflu xl/ofnL /
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug'{, lbuf] kdf cfwf/e"t ;]jf ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg' / ;x/nfO{ cfly{s
;fdflhs s]Gb|sf kdf ljsf; ug'{ k|d'v r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
PsLs[t a:tL ljsf; tyf 3gfa:tL sfo{qmdx sfof{Gjogdf NofOg', ljleGg %# cf]6f
gu/kflnsfxdf vfg]kfgL, ;8s, 9n k|zf]wgzfnf, a;kfs{ tyf cGo ;fdflhs / cfly{s
k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{xn] k|fyldstf kfpg'', dxjk"0f{ P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts tyf ko{6sLo
:ynxsf] dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;+/If0f sfo{x ;~rfngdf x'g', gofF ;x/ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf
cfpg', gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff ePsf @$ cf]6f lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx, ## cf]6f ;fgf ;x/ -gj3f]lift

160 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


gu/kflnsfxdWo]]_ tyf ;ftcf]6f gu/kflnsf gePsf lhNnf ;b/d'sfdxsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/
ljsf; ug]{ sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf x'g', dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{df sDtLdf Ps nfv hg;\Vof a:g
ldNg]u/L cfufdL !) jif{leq ;x/xsf] ljsf; ug]{ k|lqmof cufl8 a9\g', :df6{l;6L lgdf{0fsf]
nflu ;DefJotf cWoog cufl8 a9\g'nfO{ ;x/L ljsf;sf] cj;/sf] kdf lng ;lsG5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
Jojl:yt ;x/Ls/0fdfkm{t\ lbuf] cfly{s;fdflhs kfGt/0f .
#=@ nIo
kof{Kt k"jf{wf/;lxt ;'ljwfo'Qm Jojl:yt / klxrfgo'Qm ;x/xsf] ljsf; ug{] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= cfwf/e"t ;'ljwfo'Qm, Jojl:yt, ;'/lIft Pjd\ klxrfgo'Qm ;x/sf] ljsf; ug'{ .
@= cfly{s cj;/xsf] ;[hgf tyf /f]huf/L clej[l4 x'g]u/L ;x/L If]qsf] ljsf; ug'{ .
#=$= /0fgLlt
! cfwf/e"t k"jf{wf/ tyf ;'ljwf;lxtsf] PsLs[t 3gf a:tL / ;'/lIft / klxrfgo'Qm
;x/L If]qsf] ljsf;nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
@= e"pkof]u gLltdf cfwfl/t eO{ gu/kflnsfxsf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug]{ .
#= ;x/ufpF cGt/;DaGwnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= /fhdfu{ glhs tyf gu/f]Gd'v If]qxdf Jojl:yt ;x/xsf] ljsf; ;3g kdf
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= k"jf{wf/ / ;]jf ;'ljwf ;DkGg 3gfa:tLsf] ljsf;nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -!_
#= k|To]s ;x/nfO{ 5'} klxrfg lbO{ Ps ;x/ Ps klxrfg sf] kdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; /
k|j4{gsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOg]5 . k|To]s k|b]zdf sDtLdf b'O{cf]6f ;x/nfO{ klxrfg
lbO{ Ps ;x/ Ps klxrfg sf] kdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / k|j4{g ug{ gd'gf sfo{qmd
cufl8 a9fOg]5 . -!_
$= k|d'v ;x/xdf ;Defljt k|fs[lts k|sf]k x'g;Sg] 7fpFxsf] gS;f tof/ kfg]{,
k"j{;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ / k|fs[lts k|sf]kkl5 ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;'/lIft p4f/ ug]{
of]hgf th'{df ul/g]5 . -!_
%= s[lif e"ldsf] ;+/If0fnfO{ ljz]if Vofn /fVb} xl/ofnL / vfB;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbnfpg
vfB xl/ofnL ;x/ lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -!_
^= ;DefJo sl/8f]/ l;6Lsf] :yfkgff/f PsLs[t ;x/L ljsf; sfo{qmd cl3
a9fOg]5 . -!_

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 161


&= 5flgPsf s]xL ;x/xnfO{ :df6{l;6Lsf] cjwf/0ffcg'k ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
*= ;fj{hlgs, ;xsf/L, ;d'bfo / lghL ;fem]bf/Ldf PsLs[t ;x/L ;]jf s]Gb| :yfkgf
ul/g]5 . -@_
(= gu/pGd'v ufpFxdf klg ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 / e"pkof]u dfkb08 lgdf{0f u/L
nfu" ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= :jLs[t e"pkof]u gLltdf cfwfl/t eP/ gu/ If]qsf] PsLs[t k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= ;x/L k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jfxsf] ljsf;sf nflu lghL If]qsf] nufgL / ;fj{hlgslghL
;fem]bf/Ldf nufgL k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= gu/f]Gd'v If]qxdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / ;x/L ;]jfsf nflu ;Da4 lgsfoxaLr
;dGjo sfod ub}{ ef}lts, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ;DaGwsf] dfWodaf6 ;x/ufpF
cGt/;DaGwnfO{ ;'b[9 ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= ;x/L of]hgf th{'df tyf sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L kdf ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwt :yfgLo
lgsfoxsf] ;+:yfut IfdtfnfO{ ;'b[l9s/0f ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
#% cf]6f a;kfs{ lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], $&& lsnf]ld6/ ;tx gfnL lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], $))
lsnf]ld6/ 9n lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], %)) lsnf]ld6/ af6f] :t/f]Gglt ePsf] x'g], !)) x]S6/df hUuf
ljsf; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ePsf] x'g], Ps ;x/ Ps klxrfgcGtu{t !% cf]6f ;x/df PsLs[t
;x/L ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] x'g], sDtLdf # cf]6f ;x/xnfO{ :df6{l;6Lsf kdf
ljsf; ul/Psf] x'g], & cf]6f PsLs[t ;x/L ;]jf s]Gb| lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g] / xl/t k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
sfo{qmdcGtu{t @! cf]6f ;x/L kfs{ Pjd\ kf]v/L ljsf; ePsf] x'g]5 .
%=% k'glg{df{0f
!= k[i7e"ld
;+jt\ @)&@ j}zfv !@ ut] uPsf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDk tyf tTkZrft\sf k/sDksf sf/0f
ljleGg !$ lhNnfx uDeL/ kdf k|efljt x'gk'u] . pQm e"sDksf sf/0f ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL
u/L sl/a * nfv ejg, ljBfno tyf k'/ftflTjs ;+/rgfx k"0f{tM Ifltu|:t eP . *,*(! sf]
;\Vofdf dfgjLo Iflt eof] eg] xhf/f}+ 3fOt] tyf a]kQf ePsf 5g\ . o;/L k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6
7"nf] wghgsf] Iflt k'u]sf]n] g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o ;\3;+:yf, ldq/fi6,
bft[lgsfo tyf JolQmxsf] ;xof]udf tTsfn vf]h tyf p4f/ / /fxtsf] Joj:yf u/] tfklg k"0f{
kdf Ifltu|:t eO{ k|of]uof]Uo gePsf ;+/rgfx ;fj{hlgs ejg, k'/ftflTjs :df/s, ef}lts
k"jf{wf/, ljBfno Pjd\ :jf:Yo s]Gb|x;d]tsf] k'glg{df{0f ug{ u/fpg /fli6o k'glg{df{0f
k|flws/0fsf] u7g ePsf] 5 . e"sDkf/f k|efljt ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL P]g, @)&@ adf]lhd

162 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


u7g ePsf] o; k|flws/0fsf] sfo{fjlw ;fdfGotof % jif{ tf]lsPsf] 5 . e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Ifltsf]
olsg u/L cfjZostfcg';f/ k'glg{df{0f ug]{, PsLs[t a:tL ljsf; ug]{ Pjd\ sfg'gadf]lhd
Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yfsf nflu cGt/f{li6o bft[ ;+:yf tyf ldq/fi6sf] klg pNn]vgLo
;xof]u /xg]5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
e"sDkaf6 nfvf}+sf] ;\Vofdf Wj:t ePsf cfjf;, ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf, ef}lts tyf ;fdflhs
k"jf{wf/;DaGwL ;+/rgfxsf] ;dodf k'glg{df{0f ug'{, ljkGg kl/jf/x klg e"sDk k|efljt
ePaf6 cTofjZosLo ;'ljwfsf] kdf k|fyldstfdf /fvL ;'/lIft tyf nfut k|efjsf/L
cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ug{', k|flws/0fsf] u7g u/L k|efjsf/L ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos cfwf/e"t
sfg'gL ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f / hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf ug{df w]/} ;do JotLt eO;s]sf]n] ;dod} k"0f{
kdf k|flws/0fsf] nIo xfl;n ug'{, jf:tljs e"sDk kLl8txsf] ;\Vof tYout kdf olsg
ug'{, k|flws/0fsf] sfo{ k|s[ltcg';f/ zL3| ;]jf k|bfg ug{'kg]{ t/ ljBdfg vl/b;DaGwL sfg'gL
Joj:yf Jofjxfl/s gePsf] sf/0f ck]lIft ;dodf lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug{' tyf ;/;fdfg pknAw
u/fpgdf lanDa x'g uPsf] sf/0f pTkGg hgc;Gtf]ifnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{ r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 .
cj;/
clwsf/;DkGg /fli6o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf] u7g 5'} P]gf/f ePsf]n] o;nfO{ /fli6o
k|fyldstfsf] cleofgsf] :jk lbOg', k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o ;xof]usf]
k|lta4tf JoQm ePsf]n] ;|f]t;fwgsf] ;'lglZrttf x'g', ;fljssf] sdhf]/ ;+/rgfnfO{ kl/is[t u/L
lbuf] Pjd\ ;'/lIft ;+/rgfsf] kdf k'glg{df{0f ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt x'g', k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu s]Gb|,
lhNnf tyf :yfgLo:t/df ljBdfg ;/sf/L ;+oGqsf] kl/rfng u/L cfof]hgf sfo{fnox :yfkgf
/ ;~rfng ul/g] ePsf]n] kof{Kt lj1tf tyf hgzlQm kl/rfng ug]{ ;Defjgf /xg',
e"sDknufot cGo k|fs[lts tyf dfgj l;lh{t k|sf]kaf6 ;'/lIft ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu
;DalGwt lj1, Joj;foL tyf hg:t/df ;d]t ;r]tgf tyf pTk|]/0ff hufpg] cj;/ k|fKt x'g'
cfkm}Fdf 7"nf] cj;/ xf] .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
Jojl:yt tyf ;'/lIft a:tL ljsf;nufot ef}lts ;+/rgf / cfjf; ejgxsf] cem
alnof], cem /fd|f] k'glg{df{0f .
#=@ nIo
e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f / hf]lvdk"0f{ a:tLsf] :yfgfGt/0faf6 /fli6o lxt
k|j4{g tyf ;fdflhs Gofo k|bfg ug]{ .

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 163


#=# p2]Zo
e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ;+/rgfsf] lbuf], ;'/lIft / of]hgfa4 kdf oyfzL3| lgdf{0f u/L kLl8t
JolQm tyf ;d'bfosf] hghLjgnfO{ sDtLdf klg k|sf]kk"j{sf] cj:yfdf k'g:yf{kgf ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df Ifltu|:t ;+/rgfxsf] k'glg{df{0f tyf a:tL ljsf; ug]{ .+
@= hf]lvdk"0f{ a:tLsf] :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ .
# k'glg{df{0f, k'g:yf{kgf tyf a:tL :yfgfGt/0fsf] of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ pko'Qm ;+oGq
:yfkgf ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= Ifltu|:t ;+/rgfx tyf a:tLsf] oyfy{ cBfjlws clen]v tyf ljj/0f tof/
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= Ifltu|:t ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f tyf k|anLs/0fsf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f u/L of]hgf th'{df
tyf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -!_
$= Ifltu|:t a:tLsf] ef}lts tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf
;+/If0f;lxtsf] j[xQ/ of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -!_
%= e"sDk kLl8t kl/jf/xsf] cfjf; lgdf{0fsf] nflu cg'bfg tyf ;/n shf{sf] Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -!_
^= hf]lvdk"0f{ a:tLsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] l;nl;nfdf k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf cfwf/e"t
cjwf/0ffxnfO{ cjnDag ul/g]5 . -!_
&= k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf sfo{df oyfzSo :yfgLo lgdf{0f ;fdu|L, jf:t'snf /
;'wfl/Psf] k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ul/g]5 . -!_
*= hf]lvdk"0f{ a:tLsf] oyfy{ cBfjlws clen]v tyf ljj/0f tof/ ul/g]5 . -@_
(= a:tL :yfgfGt/0fsf] nflu ;Da4 kLl8t kl/jf/sf] cfly{s ;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf]
cfwf/df :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ pko'Qm :yfgsf] klxrfg ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= a:tL :yfgfGt/0f of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= :yfgfGt/0f x'g] a:tLsf afl;Gbfsf] nflu cltl/Qm ;xfotf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog
ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= /fli6o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf] ;dGjo tyf :jLs[ltdf If]qut dGqfnoxn] k'glg{df{0f,
k'g:yf{kgf tyf a:tL :yfgfGt/0fsf] sfo{qmd th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o bft[ lgsfo, ldq/fi6 tyf lghL Pjd\ u}/;/sf/L
;\3;+:yfxaf6 pknAw x'g;Sg] ;xof]u kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -#_

164 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


!$= ;'/lIft ;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf nflu ljleGg If]qdf sfo{/t lj1, Joj;foL tyf
hg;fwf/0fsf nflu ljleGg k|sf/sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tyf k|rf/ k|;f/sf] sfo{qmd
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
!%= o; sfo{qmdsf] j[xQ/ nIo xfl;n ug{sf] nflu cfjZos sfg'gL, Joj:yfksLo tyf
k|zf;lgs ;+/rgfsf] :yfkgf tyf :t/f]Gglt ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ;+/rgf tyf a:tLxsf] k'glg{df{0f, dd{t ;Def/ tyf k|anLs/0f ePsf]
x'g], e"sDk kLl8t kl/jf/xn] cfjf; lgdf{0fsf] nflu cg'bfg tyf ;/n shf{ ;'ljwf k|fKt u/]sf]
x'g], hf]lvdk"0f{ a:tLsf afl;Gbfxsf] cfly{s;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf] cfwf/df pko'Qm :yfgdf
:yfgfGt/0f ePsf] x'g], ljleGg If]qdf sfo{/t lj1, Joj;foL tyf hg;fwf/0fsf nflu ;~rflnt
Ifdtf clej[l4 tyf k|rf/ k|;f/sf] sfo{qmdaf6 ;'/lIft ;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf nflu ;r]tgf j[l4
ePsf] x'g] / ljleGg nlIft ;d"xsf nflu ;~rflnt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeu|fxLxnfO{ hLljsf]kfh{gdf
;xof]u k'u]sf] x'g]5 .

%=^ k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLo k"jf{wf/


!= k[i7e"ld
;\3Lotfsf] ;Gbe{df :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; cem} dxjk"0f{ ag]sf] 5 . k|fb]lzs tyf
:yfgLo txdf j}1flgs / Jojl:yt of]hgf th'{df u/L cfjZos :yfgLo oftfoft, vfg]kfgL, ;fgf
l;FrfO tyf gbL lgoGq0f, n3' hnljB't\ tyf j}slNks pmhf{, cfjf; tyf ;x/L ljsf;, hnjfo'
kl/jt{g tyf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg, kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgh:tf :yfgLo k"jf{wf/xsf] lgdf{0f ug{'sf
;fy} ;b/d'sfdxnfO{ ;'ljwf;DkGg k|zf;lgs s]Gb|sf kdf :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo
txx / k|b]zxaLrsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs cGt/;DaGwnfO{ dha't agfpg ltgLxnfO{
Pscfk;df oftfoft, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw, ;|f]t tyf ljrf/sf] cfbfgk|bfg / Jofkfl/s
sf/f]af/sf] dfWodaf6 cfa4 ug'{kg]{ x'gcfpF5 . o;sf nflu k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLo k"jf{wf/
lgdf{0fdf 7"nf] dfqfdf nufgL u/L of]hgfa4 9\un] sfo{ ug'{ cfjZos 5 .
;\3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLdf kfGtl/t x'g] qmddf /x]sf] d'n'ssf] ljBdfg ;\qmd0fsfnsf]
cj:yfnfO{ Joj:yfkg ub}{ :yfgLo zf;gnfO{ dha't t'Nofpg rf}wf}F of]hgfn] ;\3Lotf, :yfgLo
:jfoQ zf;g / :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf If]qxdf s]lGb|t x'g'kg]{ b]lvPsf]] 5 . ;fy}, :yfgLo
txdf gful/ssf]] k|ToIf / lg0ff{os ;xeflutfaf6 ljsf; sfo{qmdxsf] 5gf]6 Pjd\ ;~rfng
u/L To;af6 k|fKt pknlAwaf6 cfly{s ;fdflhs kfGt/0f ug]{ cj:yf ;[hgf ug{ ;fwg>f]t /
k|oTgsf] ;+of]lht k|aGw ug'{ klg plQs} cfjZos b]lvG5 .

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 165


@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
:yfgLo lgsfosf] cfGtl/s cfo tyf ljQLo ;|f]tsf] Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L agfpg', k"jf{wf/
ljsf;sf] a9\bf] dfu / cfjZostfnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{', k"jf{wf/sf sfo{qmdnfO{ k|fyldstfdf
/fVg', ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf k4ltsf] sfof{Gjog kIf dha't u/L of]hgfdf cg'zf;g /fVg',
cfof]hgf lgdf{0fnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo agfpg'', gofF 3f]if0ff ePsf gu/kflnsfxsf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{',
pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ dfkb08sf] kfngf u/fpg] sfo{df pQ/bfoL agfO{ pgLxdfkm{t\ lgld{t
k"Jff{wf/ of]hgfx lbuf], u'0f:t/Lo / jftfj/0fd}qL agfpg' / ;8s lgdf{0fdf ePsf] nufgLsf]
cg'kftdf pkof]lutfdf j[l4 ug'{ k|d'v r'gf}tL b]lvPsf] 5 .
cj;/
gofF /fhgLlts ljsf;qmd / /fHo k'g;{+/rgfsf] ljBdfg dfxf]nn] cfdhgtfdf pd\u,
cfzf / pT;fxdf clej[l4 ug{', ;/sf/n] kl5Nnf] ;dodf !%( gofF gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff u/];Fu}
ltgdf Jojl:yt ;x/Ls/0f, of]hgfa4 a:tL ljsf;, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, /fh:jsf] bfo/fdf lj:tf/ /
ljsf; Pjd\ ;]jf k|jfxsf cj;/xdf a9f]Q/L x'g', :yfgLo txdf ;|f]t;fwgsf] k|jfx a9\b}
hfg', :yfgLo cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t ljsf; lgdf{0f / ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo
lgsfosf] Ifdtf j[l4 x'g' / ;dfj]zL, ;Gt'lnt Pjd\ clwsf/df cfwfl/t Gofof]lrt ljsf;sf]
k|f/De ug]{ pko'Qm ynf]sf] kdf :yfgLo lgsfox :yflkt x'g'nfO{ :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf]
nflu dxjk"0f{ cj;/sf kdf lng ;lsG5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLo k"jf{wf/xsf] ljsf; u/L ;Gt'lnt Pjd\ ;dfj]zL ljsf; .
#=@ nIo
k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txxaLr cGt/;DaGwsf cfwf/df k"jf{wf/xsf] ljsf; u/L cfly{s
tyf ;fdflhs cj;/xdf gful/ssf] kx'Fr clej[l4 ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= :yfgLo:t/df k"jf{wf/xsf] ljsf; u/L ;xh Pjd\ ;j{;'ne kdf hgtfnfO{
cfwf/e"t ;]jf / ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg' .
@= k"jf{wf/ ljsf;af6 :yfgLo:t/df cfo cfh{g tyf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/xdf j[l4 ug'{ .
#=$= /0fgLlt
!= :yfgLo >d, ;Lk, ;|f]t ;fwg / k|ljlwnfO{ pkof]u u/L jftfj/0fd}qL k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
ug]{ .
@= :yfgLo hg;xeflutf / hg:jfldTjdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; u/L ;a}sf] kx'Fr k'ofpg] .

166 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#= k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo ;/sf/xaLr cGt/;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{u/L k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug]{ .
#=$ sfo{gLlt
!= k"jf{wf/ ljsf; lgdf{0fdf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ngnfO{ cGt/lglxt
ljifoj:t'sf kdf nfu" u/L lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff cjnDag ul/g]5 . -!_
@= :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf sfo{x cfjlws tyf If]qut of]hgf tyf k|fyldstfsf
cfwf/df dfq 5gf]6, lgdf{0f / ;~rfngsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_
#= gu/f]Gd'v ufpFdf gbLgfnf tyf hldgh:tf k|fs[lts ;|f]tnfO{ k|b"if0faf6 arfpg Ps
gu/kflnsf Ps kmf]x/d}nf k|zf]wg tyf Joj:yfkg s]Gb| ljsf; ug]{u/L lgdf{0f sfo{
cufl8 a9fOg]5 . -!_
$= gu/kflnsfxdf PsLs[t ;x/L / k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] u'?of]hgf r/0fa4 kdf
sfof{Gjog ub}{ nlug]5 . -!_
%= ufpF:t/Lo hn;Dkbfxsf] k|efjsf/L tyf Gofof]lrt pkof]u ug{ :yfgLo txdf
hnpkof]u u'?of]hgfx tof/ u/L vfg]kfgL, l;FrfO, ;fgf hnljB't\ tyf
hLljsf]kfh{g;DaGwL cGo hn;Dkbfdf cfwfl/t lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug{ PsLs[t
hn>f]t Joj:yfkg tyf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -!_
^= l;FrfO ;'ljwf lj:tf/df ;xsf/L tyf l;FrfO ljsf; sf]ifsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ k|j4{g
ul/g]5 . hldgd'lgsf] kfgL k'ge{/0f;d]t x'g]u/L ;DefJo :yndf Ps ufpF Ps kf]v/L
lgdf{0f Pjd\ k|fs[lts tfnxsf] ;+/If0f Pjd\ ;+j4{gnfO{ cleofgsf] kdf ;~rfng
ul/g]5 . -!_
&= k"jf{wf/ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf ;a} sfo{x k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] a9Ldf b'O{ jif{leq ;DkGg
e};Sg] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 -!_ .
*= lgdf{0fdf k|of]u x'g] ;fdu|L, lgdf{0f ul/g] ;do / To;df ;+nUg x'g] hgzlQmsf]
u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt u/L k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ kIfdf ;'wf/ ul/g]5 . -!_
(= :yfgLo oftfoftnfO{ e/kbf]{, ;'/lIft / ;'ljwfo'Qm agfpg ;8ssf] ju{ /
dfkb08cg';f/ qmdzM b'O{ n]gsf] cjwf/0ffdf lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . --!_
!)= cfof]hgfxsf] lbuf] ;~rfngsf nflu lgoldt / cfsl:ds dd{t;Def/ ug{
cfjZos sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_
!!= k|of]u e}/x]sf] lgdf{0f k|ljlwsf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L gofF, >dd"ns Pjd\ oflGqs
pks/0fdf cfwfl/t :k]l;lkms]zg / cfwf/ tof/ u/L nfu" ul/g]5 -!_ .
!@= gofF tyf lgdf{0f ePsf :yfgLo k"jf{wf/xnfO{ :yfgLo hgtfsf] hLljsf]kfh{g tyf
;fdflhs cfly{s ljsf;df s]lGb|t u/fO{ ;~rfng Pjd\ k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -!_
!#= :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df hg;xeflutfsf] dfWodaf6 :yfgLo ;|f]t, ;fwg / ;Lk
kl/rfng k|0ffnLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ yk Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -!_

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf ljsf; gLltx | 167


!$= u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu k|To]s k|b]zdf u'0f:t/ k|of]uzfnfxsf] :yfkgf tyf
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
!%= k|To]s k|b]zdf sDtLdf b'O{cf]6f gofF k|fb]lzs nf]sdfu{sf] vfsf tof/ ul/g]5 . -@_
!^= :yfgLo hgtf tyf pkef]Qmfsf] ;d]t ;xeflutfdf :yfgLo k"jf{wf/xsf] cg'udg
tyf d"Nofg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -@_
!&= :yfgLo tx / k|b]zxdf k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg ;DalGwt k|fljlws
lgsfoxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -#_
!*= lgdf{0f ePsf ;8sxdf afx|} dlxgf oftfoftnfO{ ;~rfngdf Nofpg lgoldt dd{t
;Def/sf] e/kbf]{ Joj:yf ul/g] / ;8s ;+/rgf lgdf{0f, :t/f]Gglt / 6ofs vf]Ng]
sfddf k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf ;dGjo u/L ;Gt'ng ldnfOg]5 . -#_
!(= ;Dk"0f{ lhNnf:t/Lo / gu/kflnsf ;8s u'?of]hgfx ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnLcg';f/
cBfjlws ub}{ nlug] tyf ufpF / k|b]z:t/df ;d]t ;8s u'of]hgfx qmdzM tof/
u/L sfof{Gjog ub}{ nlug]5 . -#_
@)= k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txdf ;fdflhscfly{s ;DaGw :yflkt x'g]u/L k|fljlws kdf
;DefJo ;a} uflj;df ;8s ;~hfn k'ofOg]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
;8s oftfofttkm{ gofF u|fdL0f ;8s lgdf{0f tyf dd{t !$,@@# ls=dL= eO{ @% nfv
hg;\VofnfO{ t/fO{df ! 306f / kxf8df @ 306fleq glhssf] ;8s ;'ljwfdf kx'Fr ePsf] x'g],
%,!^) ls=ld= ;8s :t/f]Ggltk'g:yf{kgf ePsf] x'g], &)# ls=ld= ;8s sfnf]kq] ePsf] x'g],
##) cf]6f gofF ;8sk'n lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], !,%)) cf]6f gofF emf]n']k'nsf] lgdf{0f tyf ^,)))
cf]6f emf]n']k'nsf] lgoldt dd{t eO{ t'Ogx lj:yflkt ePsf] x'g], %) cf]6f :oflg6/L
Nof08lkmN8;fO6sf] ljsf; ePsf] x'g], @% cf]6f n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] ;~rfngaf6 !,)))
ls=jf= ljB't pTkfbg eO{ @%,))) hg;\VofnfO{ ljB't\ ;]jf pknAw ePsf] x'g], ;fgf l;+rfO
cfof]hgfdfkm{t\ $%,!@( x]S6/ hldgdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf k|fKt eO{ $ nfv %) xhf/ hg;\Vof
nfeflGjt ePsf] x'g], %) cf]6f a:tL ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] x'g] / d'n'se/df k|To]s
ufpFdf Ps kf]v/L lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

168 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


kl/R5]b M ^
cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx
^=! n}\lus ;dfgtf, ;dfj]zLs/0f / d"nk|jfxLs/0f
^=!=! n}\lus ;dfgtf tyf dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f
!= k[i7e"ld
dlxnfxsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ljsf; / ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu ;+ljwfgdf g} dlxnfsf] xs
k|Tofe"t ul/Psf] 5 . n}ls d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf nflu ljleGg P]g, lgod, /0fgLlt / sfo{of]hgf
sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/sf] ljljw k|of;sf sf/0f dlxnf 3/d"nL @%=& k|ltzt,
;DklQdfly dlxnfsf] :jfldTj @^ k|ltzt, lghfdtL k|zf;gdf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj !& k|ltzt,
dlxnf ;fIf/tf %&=$ k|ltzt / >d ;xeflutf b/ %$ k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . n}\lus c;dfgtf
;"rs )=$*(, dlxnfsf] dfgj ljsf; ;"rs )=%@! / ;+;b\df ;xeflutf @(=( k|ltzt k'u]sf]
5 . To;}u/L ;/sf/f/f ;~rflnt sfo{qmdxdf n}ls pQ/bfoL ah]6 cf=j= @)&@&# df
@@=# k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . clxn] klg n}ls lx+;f @^ k|ltzt / afnljjfx @( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5
h'g dlxnf ljsf;sf] cj/f]wsf] kdf /x]sf] 5 .
cfdfsf] gfdaf6 gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg], dlxnfnfO{ n}\lus e]befjljgf ;dfg j+zLo
xs x'g], dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft dft[Tj / k|hgg :jf:Yosf] xs x'g], /fHosf ;a} lgsfodf dlxnfsf]
;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ;xeflutf /xg], dlxnfn] lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L /
;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ;sf/fTds lje]bsf cfwf/df ljz]if cj;/ k|fKt ug]{, ;DklQ tyf kfl/jfl/s
dfldnfdf bDktLsf] ;dfg xs x'g], ;\3Lo ;+;b\ / k|b]z ;efdf lgjf{lrt x'g] s'n ;b:osf]
sDtLdf PsltxfO dlxnf ;b:o x'g], k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'vdWo] Pshgf /
/fli6o ;efsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIfdWo] Pshgf dlxnf x'g], k|b]z ;efd'v jf k|b]z pk;efd'vdWo]
Pshgf dlxnf x'g], ufpF sfo{kflnsfdf rf/hgf tyf gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf kfFrhgf dlxnf ;b:o
/xg], lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltdf sDtLdf tLghgf dlxnf /xg], ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] k|To]s
j8faf6 sDtLdf b'O{hgf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]u/L ufpF;ef / gu/;efsf] u7g x'g], /fli6o
dlxnf cfof]u ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] kdf /xg] / ;f]sf cWoIf / ;b:ox dlxnfdfq /xg];d]tsf
dxjk"0f{ xs clwsf/x g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx | 169


@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs hLjgdf k'?ifeGbf kl5 kl//xg', n}ls lx+;f tyf 3/]n' lx+;f 36\g
g;Sg', dlxnfxaLr hftLo, If]]qLo / juL{o lje]b sfod /xg', u|fdL0f dlxnfxsf] cfly{s
cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] sfo{qmd ;~Rffng ug{ g;lsg' / afn ljjfx, bfOhf] k|yfh:tf s'/LlthGo
Jojxf/ sfod /xg' o; If]qsf ;d:of tyf r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
n}ls ;dfgtf tyf dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fsf] nflu sfo{:yndf x'g] of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/ -
lgjf/0f_ P]g, @)&!, af]S;L;DaGwL -s;"/ / ;hfo_ P]g, @)&@ sf] sfof{Gjog, ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfoxdf n}ls ;Dks{ laGb'xsf] :yfkgf, 3/]n' lx+;faf6 kLl8t dlxnfxsf nflu ;'/lIft
cNksfnLg cf>o:yn x'g', ;fd'bflos ;]jf s]Gb| ;~rfng x'g', n}ls lx+;f lgjf/0f sf]if / Psn
dlxnf ;'/Iff sf]ifsf] :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng x'g', cbfntdf n}ls lx+;f;DaGwL ;'g'jfOsf nflu
l56f]5l/tf] k|lqmof cjnDag ul/g', ;+ljwfgdf dlxnf;DaGWfL xsxnfO{ df}lns xssf] kdf
:yflkt ul/g' / ;\3b]lv :yfgLotx;Dd dlxnf k|ltlglwTjsf] ;'lglZrttf, n}ls lx+;fnfO{
dlxnf ;dfgtf / ;zQmLs/0fsf] afwssf] kdf /fHof/f :jLsf/ u/L To;sf] lg/fs/0fsf] nflu
ljleGg gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g'nfO{ o; If]qsf] cj;/sf] kdf lnOPsf] 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
n}ls ;dfgtfdfkm{t\ dof{lbt, Gofok"0f{, ;'/lIft / ;Eo ;dfhsf] ljsf; .
#=@ nIo
;fdflhs / cfly{s cj;/xdf ;dfg ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt u/L n}\lus d"nk|jfxLs/0f /
;zQmLs/0f ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= ;a} ju{ / If]qsf dlxnfxsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf /fhgLlts ;zQmLs/0f ub}{
dlxnfsf] d'ne"t clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug'{ .
@= n}lstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f, e]befj / alxis/0fsf] cGTo ug'{ .
#= /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fj{hlgsnufot ;Dk"0f{ lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfxsf] ;fy{s /
;dfg kx'Frsf nflu ;dfg cj;/xsf] >[hgf ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= n}\lus d"nk|jfxLs/0f ub}{ zf;g k|0ffnLsf] k|To]s tx / ljsf; k|lqmofsf] ;a} r/0fdf
dlxnfxsf] pNn]vgLo / lg0f{odf k|efj kfg{ ;Sg]u/L cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf a9fpg] .

170 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


@= n}\lus lx+;f, e]befj / alxis/0f cGTosf] nflu lg/f]wfTds Gofodf kx'Fr /
;+/If0ffTds pkfox cjnDag ug]{ .
#= nlIft tyf ;LdfGts[t dlxnfxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 / hLjg:t/ ;'wf/sf nflu
;+/If0ffTds ;]jf pknAw u/fO{ ;zQmLs/0f ug]{ .
$= dft[:jf:Yo / k|hgg :jf:Yonufotsf cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfxsf af/]df dlxnfsf]
r]tgf a9fO{ tL ;]jfdf ;xh kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= dlxnfxsf] xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu n}ls lx+;f lgjf/0fnufot cfjZos gofF
sfg'gxsf] lgdf{0f, lje]bsf/L sfg'gxsf] kl/dfh{g / k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog Pjd\
;f]sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof\sg ul/g]5 . -!_
@= n}\lus ;dfgtf / dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f;DaGwL g]kfn kIf /fi6 ePsf cGt/f{li6o ;lGw
tyf dxf;lGwsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ljsf; sfo{qmdcfof]hgfxnfO{ a9LeGbf a9L /f]huf/Ld"ns / n}ls b[li6n]
pQ/bfoL agfpg cfof]hgfsf ;a} r/0fdf n}ls k4ltxsf] ljsf;, sfof{Gjog /
cg'udg ul/g]5 . -!_
$= d'n'ssf] k|zf;g tyf gLlt lgdf{0f txdf dlxnfxsf] kxF'r j[l4 u/L /fHosf ;Dk"0f{
;+/rgfdf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj a9fOg]5 . -!_
%= ;a} lghL / u}/;/sf/L If]qsf] gLlt lgdf{0f, sfo{qmdnufot k|ltkmndf dlxnfsf]
;f/e"t k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt x'g] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_
^= n}l\us ;dfgtf tyf ;zQmLs/0fsf] nflu k|efjsf/L ;"rgf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf]
ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
&= n}ls lx+;f;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ ;dfhdf g} bafak"j{s ldnfpg] sfo{nfO{ lgT;flxt ug{
;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
*= n}l\us lx+;fsf gofF :jkxsf] cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] yfngL tyf n}\lus lx+;fd'Qm
uf=lj=;=gu/ 3f]if0ff ug{sf] nflu ;"rsxsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_
(= dlxnf lj4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;f, zf]if0f tyf lje]b / alxis/0f lj4 z"Go
;xgzLntfsf] gLlt cjnDag u/L ltgsf] /f]syfd Pjd\ lgoGq0fsf nflu sfg'gL
pkrf/ k|0ffnLnfO{ ;xh, l56f] / ;a}sf] nflu kx'Frof]Uo agfOg]5 . -@_
!)= n}l\us lx+;f kLl8t tyf k|efljtsf nflu ;~rfngdf /x]sf ;'/lIft cNksfnLg ;]jf
s]Gb|xsf] lj:tf/ tyf :t/f]Gglt ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= k|To]s k|b]zdf n}l\us lx+;fkLl8t k|efljtxsf] nflu cfjZos ;]jf;lxtsf]
bL3{sfnLg k'g:yf{kgf s]Gb|x :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -@_

cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx | 171


!@= of}lgs tyf n}l\us cNk;\Vosxk|lt ;fdflhs lje]b tyf e|d x6fpg ;/f]sf/
;+:yfs} ;xeflutfdf k}/jL / k|rf/k|;f/ ul/g]5 . -@_
!#= cfly{s ;fdflhs kn] ljkGg Psn dlxnfsf] nflu cfocfh{g, Ifdtf ljsf; /
;zQmLs/0f ug]{ sfo{qmdx sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -#_
!$= ckftf ePsf JolQm / ljz]if u/L dlxnfdfly x'g;Sg] lx+;fsf] cGTo ub}{ /f]huf/L /
:j/f]huf/Lsf nflu sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
!%= dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] If]q lj:tf/, k|jl4{t ;+:yfxsf] :t/f]Ggltdfkm{t\ nlIft
dlxnfsf] ;zQmLs/0f tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -#_
!^= jfbL, sdn/L, sd}of, r]kf\ / /fp6]nufot jl~rltdf k/]sf ;a} ;d'bfosf dlxnf
tyf lszf]/Lxsf nflu nlIft cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng
ul/g]5 . -#_
!&= dlxnfxnfO{ Joj;fo ;~rfng tyf cfod"ns sfo{ u/L :j/f]huf/L, pBdzLntf
ljsf; ug{ ;x'lnot C0f tyf ljQLo kx'Frsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -#_
!*= dlxnfsf] >d / ;dosf] art ug]{ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / k|of]udf hf]8 lbOg]5 . -#_
!(= dlxnf ;d"x, ;+:yff/f pTkflbt ;fdu|Lxsf] u'0f:t/ k|j4{g / ahf/ kx'Frsf]
;'lglZrttf ul/g]5 . -#_
@)= s]Gb|Lo ah]6 k|0ffnLdf n}ls pQ/bfoL ah]6 ljlgof]hg j[l4 ub}{ of] k|0ffnLnfO{
:yfgLo:t/;Dd ;+:yfut ul/g]5 . -#_
@!= of}lgs tyf n}l\us cNk ;\Vosxsf] Ifdtf clej[l / pkof]u ug{ sfo{qmd
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
@@= dft[:jf:Yo / k|hgg :jf:Yonufotsf cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfxsf af/]df ;r]tgf
clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -$_
@#= dft[:jf:Yo / k|hgg :jf:Yonufotsf cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfx ;dGjofTds kdf
u|fdL0f dlxnfx;dIf k'ofOg]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs hLjgdf k'?if / dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt ;dfgtf pGd'v ePsf] x'g], /fHo
;+oGqdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj Go"gtd ## k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g], k|ToIf kn] n}ls pQ/bfoL ah]6
ljlgof]hgsf] cg'kft sDtLdf @& k|ltzt k'u]sf] x'g], dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmddfkm{t\ ;d"x ;b:o
;\Vof !@ nfv %) xhf/ k'u]sf] x'g], n}\lus lx+;f 36]sf] x'g] / kL8snfO{ clgjfo{ kdf ;hfo
x'g] ;+oGq;d]t ag]sf] x'g]5 .

172 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


^=!=@ ;dfj]zLs/0f
!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf z}lIfs b[li6n] k5fl8 k/]sf dlxnf, blnt,
cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, yf, d'l:nd ;d'bfo, lk58fju{, cNk;\Vos, ;LdfGtLs[t, ckf\utf
ePsf JolQm, n}\lus tyf of}lgs cNk;\Vos, ls;fg, >lds, pTkLl8t jf lk5l8Psf] If]qsf
gful/s tyf cfly{s kn] ljkGg v; cfo{nfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf]
lgsfodf ;xeflutf x'g kfpg] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf] kdf Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L
;+ljwfgdf ;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ a9L Jojl:yt tyf k|efjsf/L agfpg] p2]Zon] /fli6o dlxnf
cfof]u, /fli6o blnt cfof]u, /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]u, cflbjf;L hghflt cfof]u, dw]zL cfof]u,
yf cfof]u / d'l:nd cfof]usf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, d'l:nd ;d'bfo, lk58f ju{, cNk;\Vos,
nf]kf]Gd'v hflt, b'u{d kxf8L tyf lxdfnL If]qsf afl;Gbf, ljkGg ju{h:tf jl~rtdf k/]sf tyf
kfl/Psf ;d'bfo tyf JolQmxsf] nflu :fLk ljsf; tflnd, 5fqj[lQ, shf{ / /f]huf/d"ns nlIft
sfo{qmd, lzIff tyf ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] /f]huf/Ldf cf/If0f, dft[efiffsf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g;DaGwL
sfo{qmdx ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf eP tfklg o:tf ljleGg hflt, ju{ Pjd\ If]qaLr cfly{s,
z}lIfs tyf :jf:Yo If]qdf lgs} 7"nf] cGt/ /x]sf]n] o:tf] cGt/sf] cGTo ug'{ cfjZos ePsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
nlIft ;d'bfodf JofKt ul/aL x'g', ljleGg ;d'bfox tyf ju{xaLr cfly{s, z}lIfs tyf
:jf:Yo If]qdf lgs} 7"nf] cGt/ /xg', ;fwg;|f]t tyf ;]jf ;'ljwfdf o:tf ;d'bfosf] Gofof]lrt
kxF'r x'g g;Sg', gsf/fTds ;fdflhs d"NodfGotf x'g', k|zf;lgs ;+/rgfdf Go"g k|ltlglwTj
/xg'h:tf r'gf}tLx /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] ljleGg hflt, ju{ / lk5l8Psf] If]qsf gful/snfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL
l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf] lgsfodf ;xeflutf x'g kfpg] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf] kdf Joj:yf
u/]sf], ;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ a9L Jojl:yt tyf k|efjsf/L agfpg ljleGg ;+j}wflgs cfof]uxsf]
Joj:yf u/]sf], d'n's ;ftcf]6f k|b]z;lxtsf] ;\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqdf k|j]z u/]sf], cfgf]
wd{, ;+:s[lt, efiffsf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{gsf nflu ;r]tgf tyf lqmofzLntfdf clej[l4 ePsf] /
/fHosf ljleGg c\u tyf If]qdf o:tf ;d'bfoxsf] k|ltlglwTj a9\b} uPsfn] ;dfj]zLs/0fsf]
k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] cj;/ l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .

cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx | 173


#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;a} gful/ssf] cy{k"0f{ ;xdflutfdf d'n'ssf] ;dfj]zL ljsf; .
#=@ nIo
cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ljsf;df k5fl8 k/]sf ;d'bfoxsf] dfgj ljsf;
;"rsf\s tyf ;zQmLs/0f ;"rsf\sdf ;'wf/ ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf z}lIfs cj;/af6 jl~rltdf k/]sf blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L,
yf, d'l:nd ;d'bfo, lk58fju{, cNk;\Vos, ;LdfGts[t, ckf\utf ePsf JolQm, n}\lus tyf
of}lgs cNk;\Vos, ls;fg, >lds, pTkLl8t jf lk5l8Psf] If]qsf gful/s tyf cfly{s kn]
ljkGg v; cfo{sf nflu d'n'sdf pknAw ;fwg;|f]t, ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfdf kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= d'n'sdf pknAw ;|f]t;fwgxdf dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d'l:nd
;d'bfo, ckf\utf ePsf JolQm Pjd\ lk58f ju{sf] kx'Fr a9fpg] .
@= /fHosf] lg0f{o k|lqmof tyf ;+/rgfdf ;sf/fTds lje]b / cf/If0fsf] dfWodaf6 cy{k"0f{
;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
#= ;Lk ljsf; tflnd k|bfg u/L d'n'sdf pknAw /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x pkof]u ug{
;Ifd t'Nofpg] .
$= cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d'l:nd ;d'bfo, lk58f ju{sf] efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf]
;+/If0f Pjd\ ;+j4{g ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= d'n'sdf pknAw ;|f]t;fwgxdf dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d'l:nd
;d'bfo, cNk;\Vos, nf]kf]Gd'v hflt, lk58f ju{, s0ff{nL If]qnufot b'u{d lxdfnL
tyf kxf8L lhNnfsf gful/sxsf] kx'Fr a9fOg]5 .-!_
@= dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d'l:nd ;d'bfo, cNk;\Vos, nf]kf]Gd'v
hflt, lk58f ju{, s0ff{nL If]qnufot b'u{d lxdfnL tyf kxf8L lhNnfsf gful/sxsf]
cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu nlIft sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
#= zf;g ;~rfng tyf ljsf;sf ;a} If]qsf] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt
ul/g]5 . -@_
$= dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d'l:nd ;d'bfo, cNk;\Vos, nf]kf]Gd'v
hflt, lk58f ju{, ljkGg Pjd\ s0ff{nL If]qnufot b'u{d lxdfnL tyf kxf8L lhNnfsf

174 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


gful/sxnfO{ ;sf/fTds lje]b / cf/If0fsf] dfWodaf6 cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfsf]
;'lglZrttf ul/g]5 . -@_
%= d'n'sdf pknAw /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x pkof]u ug{ ;Ifd t'Nofpg dlxnf, cflbjf;L
hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d'l:nd ;d'bfo, cNk;\Vos, nf]kf]Gd'v hflt, lk58f ju{,
ls;fg / >lds, s0ff{nL If]qnufot b'u{d lxdfnL tyf kxf8L lhNnfsf
gful/sxnfO{ ;Lk ljsf; tflnd k|bfg u/L pgLxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -#_
^= ljleGg hflt tyf ;d'bfosf] nf]kf]Gd'v efiff tyf ;+:s[ltxnfO{ ;+/If0f ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
/fHosf] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf gful/s ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ePsf] x'g], pknAw ;|f]t;fwgxdf
;d'bfosf] kx'Fr a9]sf] x'g], /fhgLlts, k|zf;lgs, z}lIfs If]qdf ;sf/fTds lje]b / cf/If0fsf]
dfWodaf6 cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf ePsf] x'g] / cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, d'l:nd ;d'bfo, lk58f
ju{sf] efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f Pjd\ ;+j4{g ePsf] x'g]5 .

^=!=# nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t tyf ;LdfGts[t hflthghflt


!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf z}lIfs b[li6n] k5fl8 k/]sf cflbjf;L hghflt,
dw];L, yf, d'l:nd ;d'bfo, lk58fju{, cNk;\Vos, ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf gful/sxnfO{
;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf] lgsfodf ;xeflutf u/fpg] xssf ;fy}
cfly{s kn] ljkGg tyf nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfosf gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zQmLs/0f /
ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L, vfBfGg / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ljz]if cj;/ tyf
nfe kfpg] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf kdf Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . plNnlvt cflbjf;L hghfltxsf]
cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pjd\ z}lIfs l:ylt ;'wf/ ug{ tyf logLxnfO{ ljsf;sf] d"nwf/df
d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug{ ljleGg sfo{qmdx ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ tfklg logLxsf] cj:yfdf
ck]lIft ;'wf/ eg] x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t / ;LdfGts[t cflbjf;L hghflt / cGo ;d'bfox Pjd\
ju{xaLr /x]sf] cfly{s tyf z}lIfs cGt/ sd ug'{, cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;fwg;|f]t tyf ;]jf
;'ljwfdf ;dtfd"ns Pjd\ Gofof]lrt kxF'r a9fpg', efiff ;+:s[lt tyf hfltsf cfwf/df x'g]
e]befjnfO{ x6fpg', k|zf;lgsnufot /fHosf ljleGg ;+/rgfdf /x]sf] logLxsf] Go"g
k|ltlglwTjnfO{ a9fpg'h:tf s'/fx r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf 5g\ .

cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx | 175


cj;/
nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t / ;LdfGts[t cflbjf;L hghfltsf gful/sxnfO{ ;dfg'kflts
;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf] lgsfodf ;xeflutf u/fpg] / nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfosf
gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zQmLs/0f / ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L,
vfBfGg / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ljz]if cj;/ tyf nfe pknAw u/fpg] s'/fx g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf
df}lns xssf kdf Joj:yf ePsf] . o;}u/L, cflbjf;L hghflt cfof]u ;+j}wflgs cfof]usf]
kdf /x]sf], k/Dk/fut ;LknfO{ k|j4{g Pjd\ ljsf; ub}{ ;Lkdf cfwfl/t cfocfh{gsf sfo{qmd
cufl8 a9fpg ;lsg] cj:yf, cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;\3sf] lqmofzLntf, dft[efiffsf]
dfWodaf6 lzIff kfpg] Joj:yf, ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePsf] wd{lg/k]Iftf cflb o:tf ;d'bfosf]
cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pjd\ ;f+:s[lts ljsf; ug{sf nflu cj;/sf kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t / ;LdfGts[t cflbjf;L hghfltsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf
;f+:s[lts ;'wf/af6 ;dtfd"ns tyf Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf] l;h{gf .
#=@ nIo
cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf zf;sLo If]qdf nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t / ;LdfGts[t cflbjf;L
hghfltsf] kx'Fr j[l4 u/L pgLxsf] hLjg:t/ dfly psf:g] .
#=# p2]Zo
nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t / ;LdfGts[t cflbjf;L hghfltsf] Ifdtf ljsf; / ;|f]t
;fwgxdf kx'Fr j[l4 / lj:tf/ ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t / ;LdfGts[t cflbjf;L hghfltsf o'jfxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4
ug]{ .
@= nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t / ;LdfGts[t cflbjf;L hghfltsf] nflu /f]huf/L tyf
:j/f]huf/sf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ug]{ .
#= nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t / ;LdfGts[t cflbjf;L hghfltsf] efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf]
;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{g ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t / ;LdfGts[t cflbjf;L hghfltsf o'jfxsf] Ifdtf
ljsf;sf nflu Jofj;flos tyf ;Lkd"ns tflnd k|bfg ul/g]5 . -!_

176 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


@= nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t tyf hf]lvddf k/]sf ;d'bfosf ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO cfjZostf
;Daf]wg ug{ v'nf, j}slNks, cfjf;Lo tyf ljz]if lzIff sfo{qmdnfO{ yk ;'b[9
ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ;d'bfosf] z}lIfs:t/ j[l4 ug{sf nflu cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -!_
$= nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t / ;LdfGts[t cflbjf;L hghfltxsf] cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo
;]jfdf kx'Fr k'ofOg]5 . -!_
%= nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t / ;LdfGts[t cflbjf;L hghfltsf] cfly{s cj:Yffdf ;'wf/
Nofpgsf nflu /f]huf/L tyf :j/f]huf/sf cj;/ l;h{gf ug{ ljz]if nlIft
sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
^= lghfdtL ;]jfnufot /fHosf ljleGg c\udf logLxsf] k|ltlglwTj a9fpg ljz]if
tof/L sIffx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
&= nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t / ;LdfGts[t cflbjf;L hghfltsf] efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf]
;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{gsf nflu sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
nf]kf]Gd'v, clt;LdfGts[t / ;LdfGts[t cflbjf;L hghfltsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs
l:yltdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] x'g], /fHosf ljleGg lgsfoxdf ;xeflutf j[l4 ePsf] x'g] / efiff tyf
;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{g ePsf] x'g]5 .

^=@ lj1fg, ;"rgf tyf k|ljlw


^=@=! lj1fg k|ljlw
!= k[i7e"ld
1fgdf cfwfl/t cfw'lgs cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0f ub}{ lbuf] ljsf; ug{ lj1fg k|ljlw dxjk"0f{ x'g
cfpF5 . vf;u/L k/df0f' k|ljlw, cGtl/If lj1fg, h}ljs k|ljlw, clt ;"Id k|ljlwnufotsf ljwfdf
;'? ePsf sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf cufl8 a9fpFb} ltgsf] k|of]uaf6 "tt/ cfly{s ljsf;df
nfUg'kg]{ 68\sf/f] cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf j}1flgs cWoog, cg'';Gwfg Pjd\ lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] cfljisf/, pGgog
/ ljsf;df nufgL clej[l4 ug]{ tyf j}1flgs, k|fljlws, af}l4s / ljlzi6 k|ltefxsf] ;+/If0f
ug]{ gLltut Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . o; If]qdf b]lvPsf gLltut tyf sfg'gL c:ki6tf / ;dGjosf]
sdLnfO{ x6fpg] / cg';Gwfgsf pknlAwxnfO{ hgtfsf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf kl/k"lt{df s]lGt
ub}{ d'n'sdf pknAw k|fs[lts >f]t ;fwgsf] cTo'Qd pkof]udf hf]8 lbg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .
lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] cGj]if0f / ljsf;sf] nflu nufgL j[l4 ug'{ cfjZos 5 . lj1fgsf pknlAwnfO{
cfly{s j[l4, ;fdflhs ;]jfsf] lj:tf/ / ul/aL lgjf/0fdf ;xof]u k'ofpg] sfo{qmddf k|of]u ug]{
cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx | 177
tyf b]zleq pknAw k|ltefxsf] 1fg / ;LknfO{ :jb]zd} pkof]u ug]{ jftfj/0f lgdf0f{ ug{'
k|fylds bfloTj x'g cfpF5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
lj1fg k|ljlw / cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf b]zsf] nufgL a9fpg', d'n'sdf /x]sf cg';Gwfg
lgsfoxnfO{ Pp6} 5ftfgLltcGtu{t Nofpg', o'jf j}1flgs tyf k|ltefxnfO{ d'n'sleq} sfd
ug]{ jftfj/0f tof/ kfg{', k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lbuf] / cTo'Qd pkof]u / ul/aL lgjf/0fdf ;xof]u
k'ofpg', b]zleq lj1fg tyf k|ljlw lzIffk|ltsf] cfsif{0f a9fpg', cfkm"v'zL k|of]u eO/x]sf
/]8Lof]wdL{ kbfy{xsf] k|efjsf/L lgodg ug{'h:tf r'gf}tLx o; If]qdf /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] If]qdf ;fdlos ;'wf/ ug]{ jftfj/0f lgdf{0f x'g', b]z ljb]zdf 5l/P/
/x]sf xhf/f}F k|ltefxnfO{ b]zleq kmsf{pg ;Sg] ;Defjgf sfod /xg', b]zleq cWoog tyf
vf]h cg';Gwfgsf nflu k|z:t cj;/x ljBdfg /xg', vf]h cg';Gwfgsf nflu hfus o'jf
;d"xsf] hdft a9\b} hfg', cfw'lgsLs/0f;Fu} cGt/f{li6o ;xof]u / ;dGjosf] If]q km/flsnf]
x'g'h:tf cj;/x /x]sf 5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;af6 ;d[l4 .
#=@ nIo
lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ u/L ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ef}lts / jftfj/0fLo ljsf;sf
kIf;Fu cfa4 ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / pkof]u Ifdtf j[l4 ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= j}1flgs cg';Gwfg, cGj]if0f / ljsf;nfO{ ultzLn agfpg cfjZos kg]{ k"jf{wf/ /
Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
@= pRr Ifdtfo'Qm k|fljlws o'jf hgzlQmsf] ljsf; u/L d'n'sd} pgLxsf] Ifdtf
pkof]u ug]{ .
#= j}1flgs vf]h / cg';Gwfgaf6 ljsf; ul/Psf k|ljlwxnfO{ d'n'ssf] ;du| ljsf;
k|lqmofdf k|efjsf/L pkof]u ug{ k/Dk/fut / :yfgLo k|ljlwsf] ;+j4{g / ;+/If0f ug{] .

178 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#=% sfo{gLlt
!= lj1fg tyf k|ljlw;DaGwL gLltsf] k'g/fjnf]sg / u'?of]hgf th{'df u/L ltgsf]
sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -!_
@= kf/df0fljs sfg'g tof/ u/L /]l8of]wdL{ kbfy{xsf] lgodg k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -!_
#= cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;df ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] nufgL clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -!_
$= cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgxdf cg';Gwfg / ljsf; PsfO :yfkgf u/L jflif{s kdf lglZrt
ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug{] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_
%= k/df0f' k|ljlw, cGtl/If k|ljlw, h}ljs k|ljlw / ;'Id k|ljlwnufotsf k|ljlwxsf]
ljsf; tyf pkof]usf nflu ;do;fk]If gLlt lgdf{0f tyf kl/dfh{g ul/g]5 . -!_
^= lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] cg';Gwfg, ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu g]kfn lj1fg tyf k|ljlw
k|1f k|lti7fgnufot o; If]qdf ;+nUg ;+:yfxsf] Ifdtf ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_
&= lj1fg lzIffnfO{ Jofjxfl/s / lrs/ t'Nofpg ;a} ljBfnoxdf lj1fg k|of]uzfnf
agfpg hf]8 lbOg]5 . -@_
*= pRr lzIffnfO{ cg';Gwfgd'vL agfpg] / ljZjljBfno tyf cg';Gwfg k|lti7fgaLr
ljz]if1 / cg';GwfgsdL{x cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ jftfj/0f agfOg]5 . -@_
(= Ifdtfjfg o'jf hgzlQmnfO{ :jb]zdf l6sfO/fVg cg';Gwfgsf sfo{qmdx lj:tf/
ug'{sf ;fy} k|ltef k|j4{gsf] nflu gjk|j4{g s]Gsf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= ljleGg lgsfocGtu{t ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf k|of]uzfnfxnfO{ ;'b[9 u/L /fli6o:t/sf
cg';Gwfgzfnf agfO{ To;nfO{ :jfoQ / k|fl1s ;+:yfcGtu{t Jojl:yt ul/g]5 . -#_
!!= cGt/f{li6o ;xof]u lgof]u Pjd\ ljb]zdf sfo{/t g]kfnL ljz]if1x;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf
j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws 1fg ;~ro e08f/ :yfkgf u/L :jb]zL k|ltefxsf] kx'Fr x'g]
jftfj/0f ldnfOg]5 . -#_
!@= lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] k|ltkmn hgtf;dIf k'ofpg cfjZos ;+oGqxsf] ljsf;
ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= ljB'tLo ck/fwsf] k|fljlws cg';GwfgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;fOa/ kmf]/]lG;s
Nofjsf] k|fljlws k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ul/g'sf ;fy} y|]6 cg'udg s]Gb| -6L=Pd=;L=_ nfO{
k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -#_
!$= cGtl/If k|ljlw, h}ljs k|ljlw, ;fOa/ k|ljlw tyf k/df0f' k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf nflu
/fli6o cg';Gwfg s]Gxsf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -#_
!%= pRr:t/Lo j]wzfnf, Knfg]6f]l/od tyf lj1fg ;\u|xfnonfO{ lzIf0f / ko{6g k|j4{gdf
pkof]uL x'g]u/L ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
!^= j}1flgs pTkfbg, cg';Gwfg tyf k/LIf0fsf] u'0f:t/ k|df0fLs/0f ug{ ;+:yfut Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -#_

cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx | 179


$= ck]lIft pknlAw
lj1fg / k|ljlw If]qdf ;\VofTds / u'0ffTds lx;fan] hgzlQmsf] yk ljsf; ePsf] x'g],
lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] If]qdf yk gLltut / ;+:yfut ;+/rgf lgdf{0f / ;'b[9Ls/0f eO{ cg';Gwfg /
ljsf; sfo{df ;xhtf ePsf] x'g] / lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; Pjd\ ltgsf] pkof]usf] :ki6
dfu{lrq tof/ ePsf] x'g]5 .

^=@=@ ;"rgf k|ljlw


!= k[i7e"ld
;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] d'n'ssf] lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif, ko{6g, Jofkf/nufotsf cfly{s tyf
;fdflhs If]qsf] lbuf] / tLj| ljsf; ug]{ cj;/x k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jfxsf]
k|jfxdf k|efjsfl/tf xfl;n u/L ;]jfu|fxLxsf] kx'FrnfO{ ;xh t'NofO{ ;'zf;g sfod ug{ ;"rgf
k|ljlwsf] pkof]unfO{ a9fpg' cfjZos 5 . ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL If]q b'j}sf] sfo{ Ifdtfdf
clej[l4 ug{ ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] dxQd pkof]u ckl/xfo{ eO;s]sf] 5 . v'nf cy{tGqn] lgDTofPsf]
k|lt:kwf{TdstfnfO{ ;fdgf ug{ ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ;zQm dfWod x'g ;Sb5 . g]kfndf lghL
If]qn] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . o;af6 lghL If]qsf]
sfo{;Dkfbg:t/df pNn]Vo kdf clej[l4 x'g;s]sf] 5 . t/ lghL If]qdf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] a9\bf]
k|of]unfO{ ljZj;gLo t'Nofpg lgodgsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yf eg] x'g;s]sf] 5}g . s]Gb]lv
:yfgLo:t/;Dd lghL If]qcGtu{t ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] a9\bf] pkof]unfO{ Jojl:yt kn] k|j4{g u/L
;Defljt ck/fwsf] hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ Pjd\ ;f]af6 cfpg;Sg] ljs[ltx lgoGq0f ug{
k|efjsf/L lgodgsf] cefj /x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf ;"rgf k|ljlw If]qdf bIf hgzlQmx pTkfbg
eO/x] klg o:tf hgzlQmxsf] ;]jf b]zleq} pkof]u x'g g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / ;'zf;gsf ;a} c\uxdf dxQd pkof]u ug{;Sg', lgsfout
;xdlt / ;xsfo{ ug{', bIf hgzlQmsf] knfog x'gaf6 /f]Sg', ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;af6
cfpg;Sg] ljs[lt / lj;\utL lgoGq0fsf lglDt kof{Kt pkfox ug'{ r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 .
cj;/
;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; x'g', ;+nUg hgzlQmsf] lj:tf/ / u'0f:t/df j[l4 x'Fb} hfg',
e/kbf]{ / ;'/lIft ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]udf j[l4 x'g' / o;sf] k|of]unfO{ cem e/kbf]{ / ;'/lIft
agfpg]tkm{ ;hu x'g', lghL If]qaf6 ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df dxjk"0f{ of]ubfg /xg'
o; If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu cj;/ /x]sf 5g\ .

180 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;"rgf k|ljlwsf] pRrtd k|of]udfkm{t\ 1fgdf cfwfl/t ;dfhsf] ljsf; .
#=@ nIo
b]zsf ;a} If]qdf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] pkof]uf/f d'n'ssf] ljsf;df 6]jf k'ofpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
;"rgf k|ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 ;fj{hlgs ;]jf tyf cfly{s;fdflhs ultljlwxdf l8lh6n
g]kfnsf] cjwf/0ff ;fsf/ t'Nofpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 ;'zf;gdf 6]jf k'ofpg] .
@= cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ultljlwdf l8lh6n g]kfnsf] cjwf/0ff sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
#= ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]unfO{ e/kbf]{, ;'/lIft / ;j{;'ne agfpg] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;"rgf k|ljlw If]qsf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/;Fu ;Da4 ljBdfg sfg'gL k|fjwfgxnfO{
kl/dfh{g u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -!_
@= g]kfnsf] ;"rgf k|ljlw If]qsf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos hgzlQm tyf k"jf{wf/sf]] ljsf;
ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ljB'tLo zf;gsf] nflu ;"rgf k|ljlw;DaGwL ;femf k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
$= ljB'tLo zf;gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog tyf ;~rfngsf nflu ljleGg :t/sf]
bIftf;lxtsf] dfgjLo ;+;fwg tof/ kfl/g]5 . -!_
%= ;"rgf k|ljlw pBf]usf] ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf / ;+oGqsf]
ljsf;, s[lif, ko{6g, lzIff, :jf:Yo Pjd\ sltko k"jf{wf/ If]qsf] ljsf;df ;"rgf
k|ljlwnfO{ clwstd pkof]u ul/g]5 . . -@_
^= ;"rgf k|ljlwdf ;'jftL sDkgLxnfO{ cfp6;f]l;{\u ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . -@_
&= ;"rgf k|ljlw kfs{nfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf sfof{Gjog ug]{ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t
pBf]uxsf] Ifdtf ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_
*= ljleGg lgsfoxaLrsf] ;dGjo a9fpFb} ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLxdf Psktf
NofOg]5 . -@_
(= ;d'bfo;Fusf] ;xsfo{df u|fdL0f:t/df ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= g]kfndf ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]u, :yfgLo pTkfbg tyf Jofkf/ k|j4{gsf nflu ;"rgf
k|ljlw k|of]u ug]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ul/g]5 . -@_
cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx | 181
!!= ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLsf] ;'/Iffsf] If]qdf /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf
lgodgsf/L lgsfoxaLrsf] ;dGjo k|Tofe"t ug'{sf ;fy} k|fljlws Ifdtf j[l4
ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLxsf] ;'/Iff, ljZj;gLotf / u'0f:t/df clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 x'g;Sg] ck/fwnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ ;fOa/ ;'/IffnfO{ ljz]if
Wofg lbOg]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
ljB'tLo zf;gsf] nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tyf gLltut Joj:yf ePsf] x'g], ;"rgf k|ljlw
pBf]usf] ljsf; eO{ /f]huf/Ldf j[l4 Pjd\ k|ltef knfog Go"gLs/0f ePsf] x'g], ;dfhsf ;a} ju{
/ If]qsf dflg;xn] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] nfe lng] jftfj/0f ePsf] x'g], ;"rgf k|ljlw Ps e/kbf]{
tyf ;'/lIft dfWodsf] kdf :yflkt ePsf] x'g], ;"rgf k|ljlw If]qsf] cfjZos hgzlQmsf] dfu
k"/f ePsf] x'g] / ;"rgf k|ljlwdf gjLgtd tyf lbuf] k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ePsf] x'g]5 .

^=# dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;


!= k[i7e"ld
u'0f:t/Lo dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf;n] s[lif tyf u}/s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbsTj a9fpg, ;/sf/L
If]qsf] sfo{s'zntf clej[l4 ug{ tyf If]qLo Pjd\ cGt/f{li6o >d ahf/df kx'Fr k'ofpg ;3fp
k'U5 . d'n'ssf] s'n hg;\Vofdf cfly{s kdf ;lqmo hgzlQmsf] lx:;f %& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf; / pkof]usf nflu ljutdf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/P klg ck]lIft
pknlAw x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . >d zlQmdf j[l4 ePcg'k :jb]zdf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/xdf j[l4 x'g
g;Sbf 7"nf] ;\Vofdf o'jfx ljleGg d'n'sdf /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]lzg] u/]sf 5g\ . oLdWo]
clwsf+z cbIf sfdbf/sf kdf /x]sf 5g\ . o:tf o'jfxnfO{ Jofj;flos tyf k|fljlws lzIff
tyf ;Lkd"ns tflndsf] dfWodaf6 ;Lko'Qm tyf Ifdtfo'Qm hgzlQmdf kl/0ft u/L :jb]z tyf
cGt/f{li6o >d ahf/df k|lt:kwf{ ug{;Sg] t'Nofpg h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 . d'n'sleq} pTkGg
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/x g]kfnLn] g} pkof]u ug{;Sg] jftfj/0f klg l;h{gf ug'{k/]sf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yfxdf >f]t;fwgsf] sdL x'g',
pTkflbt hgzlQmdf ck]lIft u'0f:t/ sfod x'g g;Sg', hLjg pkof]uL lzIffsf] sdL x'g' j}b]lzs
/f]huf/Ldf hfg] o'jfxdWo] clwsf+z cbIf x'g', cw{bIf tyf bIf hgzlQmsf] ;\Vofdf lgs} j[l4
eP tfklg If]quthfltut ljifdtf lgs} /xg', dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf; / pkof]usf] nflu
of]hgf gx'g' cflb o; If]qsf k|d'v r'gf}tLx x'g\ .

182 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


cj;/
hg;\Vofsf] pd]/ut ;+/rgfcg';f/ cfl>t hg;\Vofsf] cg'kft lgs} sd ePsf] / sfd
ug]{ pd]/ ;d"xsf] hg;\Vof a9\g', e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df{0fnufot ljsf;
lgdf{0fsf ljleGg If]qxdf bIf tyf cw{bIf hgzlQmsf] dfu eO/xg', cGt/f{li6o >dahf/df
;Lko'Qm hgzlQmsf] dfu a9\b} hfg', tLj| kdf cfly{s ljsf; ub}{ uPsf b'O{ l5d]sL
d'n'snufot cGt/f{li6o ahf/df bIf hgzlQmsf] dfu a9\b} hfg', pRr:t/Lo / dWod:t/Lo
k|fljlws ;Lk ljsf; ug]{ ;+:yfxsf] lj:tf/ pNn]Vo kdf x'g', d'n'sleq u'0f:t/Lo dfgj
;+;fwgsf] ljsf; ug]{ / ;f]sf] pkof]u ug]{ cj;/ /x]sf] 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
Ifdtfo'\Qm dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf;dfkm{t\ pRr cfly{s j[l4;lxtsf] lbuf] ljsf; .
#=@ nIo
1fgdf cfwfl/t cy{tGqsf] ljsf; x'g]u/L dfgj ;+:ffwgsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
d'n'ssf] ljsf;sf nflu >d ahf/df k|lt:kwf{ ug{;Sg] ;Ifd tyf u'0f:t/Lo dfgj
;+;fwgsf] ljsf; ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= d'n'sleq cfjZos kg]{ bIf tyf cw{ bIf dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf; / pkof]usf] lglDt
dfgj ;+;fwg of]hgf tof/ ug]{] .
@= + j}1flgs, k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff tyf ;Lkd"ns tflnddf hf]8 lbg] .
#= dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf; / pkof]udf ;/sf/L, ;fd'bflos / lghL If]qaLr ;xsfo{
ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= b]z ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ bIf tyf cw{ bIf hgzlQm ljsf; / To;sf]
Jojl:yt pkof]usf lglDt lgHfL If]qsf] ;d]t ;xeflutfdf PsLs[t dfgj ;+;fwg
ljsf; of]hgf tof/ ul/g]5 . -!_
@= pRr j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws lzIffsf cj;/x pknAw u/fP/ >dahf/df k|lt:kwf{
ug{;Sg] u'0f:t/Lo hgzlQm tof/ ul/g]5 . -@_
#= cfGtl/s >dahf/sf] dfucg';f/sf ljleGg lsl;dsf Jofj;flos tyf ;Lkd"ns
tflnd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_

cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx | 183


$= NflIft ;d"xsf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu 5fqj[lQnufotsf ;'ljwfx pkNfAw
u/fOg]5 . -@_
%= lghL If]qsf k|fljlws Pjd\ Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yfxnfO{
cfgf] k"jf{wf/ tyf hgzlQm ljsf;sf nflu k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . -#_
^= pTkflbt hgzlQm / >dahf/df pknAw /f]huf/Lsf cj;/aLr tfbfDotf sfod
ul/g]5 . -#_
&= dfgj ;+:ffwgsf] pkof]usf nflu /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x w]/} ePsf] lghL If]q;Fu
;xsfo{ ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf; tyf pkof]usf lglDt PsLs[t of]hgf tof/ ePsf] x'g], 1fg /
;Lko'Qm hgzlQm pTkfbg ePsf] x'g] / dfgj ljsf; tyf pkof]udf ;/sf/L Pjd\ lghL If]qaLr
;xsfo{ ul/Psf] x'g]5 .

^=$ >d tyf /f]huf/L


!= k[i7e"ld
k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ ;+ljwfgdf /f]huf/Lsf] xssf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]
5 . g]kfndf s'n hg;\Vofsf] sl/a #) k|ltzt c4{ a]/f]huf/ /x]sf] / @=# k|ltzt k"0f{
a]/f]huf/ /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . b]zsf] s'n hg;\Vofdf %& k|ltzt cfly{s kn] ;lqmo hgzlQmsf]
lx:;f /x]sf] 5 . o:tf] hgzlQm pBf]u / ;]jf If]qsf] ljsf; pko'Qm kdf x'g g;s]sf]n] s[lif
If]qdf a9L cfl>t x'g'kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;fy}, s[lif If]qdf cw{a]/f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf pRr 5 .
jt{dfg cj:yfdf jflif{s % nfveGbf a9L JolQm >d ahf/df k|j]z u5{g\ . t/ b]zleq kof{Kt
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/x gePsf]n] 7"nf] ;\Vofdf o'jfx /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]lzg' kl//x]sf] 5 .
;/sf/n] /f]huf/sf] Joj:yfsf]] nflu /fli6o /f]huf/ gLlt, @)&! sf] th{'df, a]/f]huf/xsf]
nut ;ng, Go"gtd Hofnfb/ lgwf{/0f, lgs[i6 k|s[ltsf >ddf ;+nUg afn>ldssf] p4f/, lbjf
lzz' :ofxf/ tyf cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gxsf] ;~rfng, j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] qmddf ;d:ofdf
k/]sf g]kfnLxsf] p4f/ tyf cfly{s /fxtsf] Joj:yf, cfk|jf;g ;"rgf s]Gsf] :yfkgf, ^ cf]6f
b]zdf >d ;xrf/Lsf] Joj:yf, ^ cf]6f b]z;Fu lkIfLo >d ;Demf}tf ul/Psf], lqe'jg
ljdfg:yndf >dsIfsf] :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng, ;'/lIft j}b]lzs /f]huf/;DaGwL /fli6o
sfo{of]hgfsf] th{'df, j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg]xsf nflu lgMz'Ns k|j]zf1f / xjfO{ l6s6;DaGwL
lg0f{o / ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog, j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf 3/]n' sfdbf/ k7fpg];DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ nfu"
ul/g' / $ cf]6f b]zdf ;'/lIft ;]jf u[x ;~rfng ul/g' o; If]qdf ePsf ;sf/fTds k|of;x
x'g\ .

184 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
>d ahf/df k|j]z ug]{ o'jfnfO{ kof{Kt /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug'{, nlDabf] ;\qmd0fsfnsf ;fy}
a]nfavt x'g] k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 ;[lht c;xh kl/l:yltnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L yk /f]huf/L ;[hgf
ug'{, /f]huf/Ld"ns tfnLd sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf b]lvPsf] bf]xf]/f]kgf x6fpg', j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf
;a} r/0fxnfO{ Jojl:yt, e/kbf]{ / ;'/lIft agfpg', ljk]|if0faf6 k|fKt clwsf+z /sd
pTkfbgzLn If]qdf kl/rfng ug'{, >d ahf/df /x]sf] ;Lko'Qm >dsf] dfu / cfk"lt{aLrsf]
c;Gt'ngnfO{ sd ug'{, a9\bf] lzlIft hgzlQmnfO{ /f]huf/L k|bfg ug'{, cf}Bf]lus If]qdf >dd"ns
k|ljlwsf] k|of]u a9fpg', ;fdflhs ;'/IffnfO{ of]ubfgd"ns agfpFb} kx'Fr j[l4 ug'{, dof{lbt
/f]huf/L ;'lglZrt ug'{ / /f]huf/L ;"rgfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg' k|d'v r'gf}tLx /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
ko{6g, s[lif, k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fh:tf >d;3g If]q /fli6o
k|fyldstfdf kg'{, /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx / /f]huf/ s]lGb|t ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffn] k|fyldstf
kfpg', lzlIft hgzlQm a9g', cGt/f{li6o ahf/df g]kfnLxsf] OdfGbfl/tf, ljZj;gLotf /
nugzLntf a9g', j}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 kmls{Psf JolQmxsf] ;Lk tyf sfo{ ;+:s[lt ;sf/fTds
x'g', lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo k|flKtsf nflu ljZj;fd' k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug{', ;"rgf / k|ljlwdf ePsf]
ljsf;n] /f]huf/L / :j/f]huf/Lsf ljifodf hgr]tgfsf] lj:tf/ x'g', s'n hg;\Vofdf cfly{s
kn] ;lqmo hg;\Vofsf] lx:;f a9\g' / >d ahf/df bIf hgzlQmsf] dfu a9\b} hfg' >d tyf
/f]huf/sf nflu cj;/ x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
bIf, ;Lko'Qm / pTkfbgd"ns dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf;f/f kof{Kt /f]huf/L Pjd\
:j/f]huf/sf cj;/x ;[hgf .
#=@ nIo
d'n'sleq} jflif{s sl/a $ nfv /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= :jb]zdf dof{lbt /f]huf/sf cj;/x ;[hgf u/L a]/f]huf/L tyf cw{a]/f]huf/L
Go"gLs/0f ub}{ /f]huf/Lsf] xsnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ .
@= /f]huf/Lsf nflu ;Lk tyf tflndsf cj;/x j[l4 u/L k|lt:kwf{ ug{;Sg] >dzlQmsf]
ljsf; ug'{ .
#= j}b]lzs /f]huf/nfO{ a9L pTkfbs, ;'/lIft, dof{lbt / Jojl:yt agfpFb} hfg' .

cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx | 185


#=$ /0fgLlt
!= nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f ;[hgf u/L :jb]zd} kof{Kt / dof{lbt /f]huf/L Pjd\ :j
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ .
@= ;Lk tyf Jofj;flos tflndsf cj;/xsf] ljsf; Pjd\ lj:tf/ ub}{ cGt/f{li6o
If]qdf k|lt:kwf{ ug{;Sg] >d zlQmsf] pTkfbg ug]{ .
#= >ldssf] xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf c;n >d ;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{ .
$= j}b]lzs /f]huf/LnfO{ ;'/lIft, dof{lbt, e/kbf]{ / k|ltkmno'Qm agfpg] / k|fKt
ljk|]if0fnfO{ pTkfbgd"ns If]qdf kl/rfng ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= >d k|wfg pTkfbg If]qsf] lj:tf/ / k|ljlwsf] pkof]uaf6 /f]huf/L a9fOg]5 . -!_
@= >d tyf /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
#= /f]huf/;DaGwL dfu / cfk"lt{aLr ;Gt'ng Nofpg cfjZos sfo{qmdx sfof{Gjog
ul/g]5 . -!_
$= ;Lk k|bfos tflnd s]GxnfO{ qmdzM PsLs[t u/L Ps} 7fpmFaf6 ;Lk ljsf; tflnd
lbOg]5 . k|To]s k|b]zdf Pp6f ljifout ;Lk ljsf; tflnd s]G :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -@_
%= ;Lk / ;"rgf pknAw u/fO{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg rfxg] dlxnfxnfO{ tflndsf]
Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -@_
^= ;Lko'Qm hgzlQmnfO{ tflnd kl5sf ;]jfx pBdzLntf ljsf;, j:t'ut ;xfotf,
ljQLo ;xfotf, pTkfbgsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f / ahf/ kx'Frsf] ;/n ;+oGq ljsf;
ul/g]5 . -@_
&= /fli6o /f]huf/ gLltsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ub} >ldssf] xs Pjd\ /f]huf/Lsf]
xs;DaGwL sfg'g lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . -#_
*= PsLs[t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff P]g / >d P]g hf/L u/L ;fdflhs ;'/Iff of]hgf sfof{Gjog
/ c;n >d ;DaGw ljsf; ul/g]5 . -#_
(= /f]huf/Ldf dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt x'g] k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -#_
!)= s[lif / 3/]n' dhb'/sf] Hofnf k'g/fjnf]sg / pgLxsf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f ul/g]5 . -#_
!!= c;\ul7t If]qsf dhb'/xsf] k~hLs/0f ug]{ sfo{ k|f/De ug]{ / pgLxsf] b'w{6gf
ladf ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= >dsf] ;Ddfg / >ldsnfO{ Gofof]lrt Jojxf/ ug]{ u/L dfkb08 nfu" ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= afn >d;DaGwL gLlt, sfg'g / sfo{qmddf ;'wf/ ul/g]5 / lgs[i6 afn>d lgjf/0f /
afn>d Go"gLs/0fsf nflu sfo{qmdx ;~rfng u/L afn >ldsxsf] p4f/ /
k'g:yf{kgf ul/g]5 . -#_

186 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


!$= b]zdf /x]sf cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgxdf ljleGg lsl;dsf >d tyf Joj;fohGo
;'/Iff;DaGwL dfkb08 nfu" ul/g]5 . -#_
!%= ;/sf/, /f]huf/bftf, dhb'/aLrsf] lqkIfLo ;+oGqnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg cfjZos
;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f ul/g]5 . -#_
!^= hf]lvddf k/L j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 kms]{sf dlxnf sfdbf/xnfO{ pgLxsf] of]ubfgsf]
cfwf/df ljz]if ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ul/g]5 . -#_
!&= j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf / kmsL{ cfPsfxsf] clen]v k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ ul/g]5 . -$_
!*= j}b]lzs >d ahf/nfO{ sfdbf/d}qL agfpg hgzlQmsf] ljsf; / yk uGtJo
d'n'sx;Fu lkIfLo >d ;Demf}tf ul/g]5 . -$_
!(= j}b]lzs uGtJo d'n'sxdf >d ;xrf/Lsf] Joj:yf / u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxsf]
;+:yfnfO{ ;d]t kl/rfng u/L >dahf/sf] lj:tf/, k|j4{g ul/g] / sfdbf/xsf]
xslxt ;+/If0f ul/g]5 . -$_
@)= ;Lk k/LIf0f k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf sfdbf/xnfO{ dfq j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf k7fpg]
Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -$_
@!= uGtJo d'n'sxdf sfdbf/xsf] ;'/Iff / ;xof]u k|0ffnL ljsf;sf nflu tL
d'n'sx;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 . -$_
@@= j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf x'g] 7uLnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ / cGo sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L kdf
;~rfng ug{ cg'udg tyf d"Nof\sgnfO{ Jojl:yt ul/g]5 . -$_
@#= j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] sfdbf/xnfO{ ljb]z hfg'k"j{ cfjZos hfgsf/L tyf
ljb]zdf p;sf] Jojxf/, ;'/Iff / :jf:Yo;DaGwL k|f/lDes tflndsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -$_
@$= ljk|]if0fnfO{ cf}krfl/s dfWodaf6 b]zdf Nofpg] Joj:yf ug]{ / ;f]sf] pTkfbgzLn
If]qdf nufgL ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
d'n'sleq} jflif{s $ nfv /f]huf/L l;h{gf ePsf] x'g], >d ahf/sf] dfucg'k bIf Pjd\
k|lt:kwL{ >d zlQm tof/ eO{ >lds cfk"lt{ ePsf] x'g] / a]/f]huf/L tyf c4{a]/f]huf/L b/ 36]sf]
x'g]5 . ;fy}, c;n >d ;DaGwsf] ljsf; ePsf] x'g], lgs[i6 k|s[ltsf] afn>dsf] pGd"ng ePsf]
x'g], jflif{s b'O{ nfv o'jfnfO{ sDtLdf tLg dlxgfsf] /f]huf/d"ns ;Lk ljsf; tflnd k|bfg
ul/Psf] x'g] / ljb]zdf /x]sf Pjd\ hf]lvddf k/]sf ;a} sfdbf/ vf;u/L dlxnfxsf] xslxtsf]
;'/Iff ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ePsf] x'g]5 .

cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx | 187


^=% ljkb\ Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0f tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g
^=%=! ljkb\ Joj:yfkg
!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfn ljkb\sf] pRr hf]lvddf /x]sfn] ljkb\sf sf/0f jif]{gL wghgsf] 7"nf] Iflt x'g] u/]sf]
5 . d'VotM e"sDk, cltj[li6, af9L, klx/f], xfjfx'/L, r6\of\, cfunfuL, v8]/L, dxfdf/L, zLtnx/
/ lxdtfn ljikmf]6g x'g;Sg] sf/0f ljkb\sf] hf]lvd pRr /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L x}hf, a8{n',
:jfOgn'h:tf /f]ux klg ljkb\sf] sf/ssf] kdf b]lvPsf 5g\ . @)&@ j}zfvsf] ljgfzsf/L
e"sDkdf k/L d[To' ePsf / 3fOt]xsf] p4f/sf] nflu lghfdtL sd{rf/L, g]kfnL ;]gf, k|x/L,
;\3;+:yfnufot ljleGg b]zaf6 vl6cfPsf p4f/sdL{x 7"nf] ;\Vofdf kl/rfng ul/Psf]
lyof] . cfufdL lbgdf o:tf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{, /fxt p4f/nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ / ljsf;
;+/rgf ;'/lIft ug{ ljsf;sf ;a} k|lqmofdf ljkb\ Joj:yfkgnfO{ d"n k|jfxLs/0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{
k|efjsf/L agfO{ ljifoutIf]qut kdf nfu" u/L lbuf] / ;'/lIft ljsf;sf] cj:yf ;'lglZrt
ug'{ h?/L 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
g]kfndf x'g] ljkb\sf ;a} sf/0fxsf] c;/ tyf k|efjsf] j}1flgs cg';Gwfg u/L If]qut
ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug]{, ef}lts ljsf;sf] :jknfO{ eljiosf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] afws aGg
glbg s]Gb|Lo /fhwfgL tyf cf;kf;sf] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd, ;]jf s]Gb| tyf a:tLxsf] cfly{s
;fdflhs tyf ef}lts ;Dks{nfO{ cfly{s pTkfbg;Fu hf]8\g], ;'/lIft a:tL ljsf;sf]
cjwf/0ffleq ;x/ tyf a:tL ljsf;sf] of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{ / ;Dk"0f{ ef}lts
k"jf{wf/;lxtsf] ljkb\ pTyfgzLn PsLs[t a:tL ljsf; ug]{ h:tf sfo{x r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf
5g\ .
cj;/
e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fsf] ;f]rnfO{ :ki6 kdf kl/eflift u/L lbuf] tyf ;'/lIft ljsf;
;'lglZrt ug]{ ufpF, a:tL, ejg, ;+/rgf tyf ;x/L :jknfO{ cfw'lgs ljsf;sf k|rlnt
dfkb08;Fu ldNg] u/L ljsf; ug]{, cfly{s;fdflhs kfGt/0f / hghLljsfdf ;'wf/ ePsf]
ljkb\ k|lt/f]wL u'0f:t/Lo ejg tyf k"jf{wf/;lxt ljkb\ pTyfgzLn Jojl:yt a:tL ljsf; ug]{,
;a} k|sf/sf ljkb\sf] ;fdgf ug{ cfw'lgs k|ljlwo'Qm ;Ifd ;+/rgf / bIf dfgjLo hgzlQmsf]
ljsf; ug]{ / ljsf; ;fem]bf/xaf6 k|fKt ;xof]unfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf kl/rfng u/L cfTdlge{/
aGGf]h:tf cj;/x /x]sf 5g\ .

188 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;a} k|sf/sf ljkb\xsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkgaf6 ljkb\ pTyfgzLn d'n's .
#=@ nIo
ljkb\af6 x'g] dfgjLo, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;+f:s[lts / kof{j/0fLo Ifltdf sdL Nofpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
ljsf;sf ;a} If]q / r/0fdf ljkb\ Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;dflxt u/fO{ ljkb\af6 x'g] dfgjLo tyf
ef}lts IfltnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ljleGg lgsfoaf6 x'g] ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{nfO{ ;dGjo u/L PsLs[t kdf
;~rfng ug]{ .
@= cfktsfnLg p4f/ tyf ;du| ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf lglDt Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu ljz]if
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .
#= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ljsf;sf ;a} If]q / txdf d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= PsLs[t ;"rgf s]Gb|, cfkTfsfnLg sfo{ ;~rfng s]Gb|, vf]h tyf p4f/, ljkb\ hf]lvd
cNkLs/0fnufotsf sfo{xnfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf ;~rfngdf NofOg]5 . -!_
@= ljkb\ Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf ;~rfng ug{ ljleGg /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o
;\3;+:yf tyf bft[ lgsfo;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{sf nflu ljkb\ Joj:yfkg /fli6o
sfo{d~rdfkm{t\ ljleGg sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
#= hg;d'bfo:t/;Dd k"j{tof/L tyf k|ltsfo{ Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu k|To]s gu/kflnsf /
ufpFkflnsfsf j8f:t/;Dd ;r]tgfnufotsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
$= ljBfno tyf ljZjljBfnoxsf] kf7\oqmdxdf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL kf7\ok':ts
clgjfo{ u/fOg]5 . ;fy}, OlGhlgol/ ljifosf] cWoogdf :yfgLo ;fdu|L pkof]u u/L
e"sDk k|lt/f]wL 3/ lgdf{0f;DaGwL kf7\oqmd ljsf; u/L nfu" ul/g]5 . -@_
% vf]h, /fxt tyf p4f/sf nflu ;a} ;'/Iff lgsfoxnfO{ t'?Gt kl/rfng ug{ tflnd
tyf ;fwg;|f]t ;DkGg agfO{ tof/L cj:yfdf /flvg]5 . -@_
^= ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ vf]h tyf p4f/sf] lglDt ljlzi6 Ifdtfo'Qm agfpgsf] nflu
cTofw'lgs tflnd lbO{ k|fb]lzs:t/df sDtLdf Pp6f ljlzi6 6f]nL /xg] Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -@_

cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx | 189


&= PsLs[t a:tL ljsf;sf] ;'jflt r/0fb]lv g} ljkb\ lj1, :yfgLo lgsfo,
of]hgfljb\xnfO{ ;xefuL u/fP/ bL3{sfnLg a:tL ljsf; of]hgf agfO{ nfu"
ul/g]5 . -#_
*= ljkb\ Joj:yfkgnfO{ lbuf] agfpg ljleGg k|sf]ksf ljifodf cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg
ul/g]5 . -#_
(= ljkb\ Joj:yfkg sfo{df u}/;/sf/L, lghL If]q tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;fem]bf/L /
e"ldsfnfO{ If]qut cfjZostfcg'k lhDd]jf/L;lxt yk k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -#_
!)= df};d k"j{;"rgf k|0ffnL :yfkgf u/L ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf] ;a} txdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g
cg's"ngsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
;DalGwt lgsfoxn] ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt If]qut of]hgf, sfo{qmd, lgod tyf
dfkb08 agfO{ nfu" ePsf] x'g], gjlgdf{0f tyf k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu If]qLo ljsf;sf] of]hgf th'{df
eO{ nfu" ePsf] x'g] / hnjfo' kl/jt{g hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

^=%=@ jftfj/0f tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g


!= k[i7e"ld
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/x Pscfk;df ;DalGwt x'g] ePsf]n] o;sf] k|efjsf] ;fdgf ug{
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj cg's"ng ub}{ b]z ljsf;sf nIox xfl;n ug]{
dxjk"0f{ ;jfnnfO{ dWogh/ u/L g]kfnn] o; If]qdf ePsf cGt/f{li6o dxf;lGw tyf ;lGwxsf]
cg'df]bg tyf ;lDdng ub}{ tb\g'k /fli6o gLlt, sfg'g tyf ;+:yfut ;+oGqxsf] Joj:yf
u/]sf] 5 . jftfj/0fLo kIfdf kg]{ k|efj tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ Go"gLs/0f ug{ xl/t
ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft ul/Psf] 5 . ;/sf/L tyf /fli6ocGt/f{li6o ;\3
;+:yf;d]tsf] ;lqmotfdf /fli6o tyf :yfgLo cg's"ngsf nflu /0fgLlts sfo{qmdx, sfa{g
Jofkf/sf] yfngL, jftfj/0fLo ;+j]bgzLntfsf d'2fxsf] cfGtl/sLs/0f / ;Daf]wgh:tf
k|of;x eO/x]sf 5g\ .
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf If]qdf nufgL olsg ug{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g ah]6 ;\s]tsf] Joj:yf u/L
ljut of]hgf cjlwb]lv g} sfof{Gjogdf cfO;s]sf] 5 . /fli6o cg's"ng sfo{qmdnfO{ sfof{Gjog
ug]{ l;nl;nfdf :yfgLo cg's"ng sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog e}/x]sf] 5 . jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgnfO{
ljsf; sfo{;Fu cfa4 ug]{ qmddf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof\sgnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ k|oTg ePsf]
5 . jfo'sf] u'0f:t/;DaGwL dfkb08 Pjd\ g]kfn ;jf/L k|b"if0f;DaGwL dfkb08x lgwf{/0f u/L
sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 . Sof]6f] k|f]6f]sncGtu{t sfa{g Jofkf/af6 g]kfnn] cfDbfgL k|fKt ug{
;'? ul/;s]sf] 5 . ljleGg !! lhNNffdf jftfj/0fd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{qmd sfo{qmd ;~rfng
eO/x]sf] 5 .

190 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
hnfwf/ ;+/If0f ug'{, hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/af6 cg's"lnt x'g', pBf]u, snsf/vfgf,
oftfoft tyf cGo dfgjLo lqmofsnfkxaf6 x'g] xl/tu[x Uof;sf] pT;h{gnfO{ Go"g ug'{, ul/aL
/ cGo sf/0fxaf6 x'g] jg ljgf;nfO{ /f]Sg', hnjfo' ljQdf kx'Fr a9fO{ glthfd"ns sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug'{, hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/af6 hf]lvddf /x]sf If]q / ;d'bfodf sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug'{, hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL sfo{qmdxnfO{ hg:t/df g} cfGtl/sLs/0f ug'{ / hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf ljifodf cGt/f{li6o d~rxdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 hf]lvddf k/]sf b]zxsf] ;femf
cfjfh :yflkt ug'{ r'gf}tL /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
lbuf] ljsf;sf nIoxdf cGt/f{li6o ;d'bfo / ;/sf/af6 k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug'{, hnjfo'
ljQsf] Joj:yf x'g', k|s[lt ;+/If0f cg's"ngsf] Ifdtf a9fpg /fli6o sfo{of]hgf 5ftf /0fgLlt
tof/ x'g' / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf If]qdf pknAw cGt/f{li6o ;xof]unfO{ /fli6o ah]6 k|0ffnLdf
PsLs[t ug]{h:tf gofF cj;/ x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
:jR5 Pjd\ :j:y jftfj/0fdfkm{t\ lbuf] ljsf; .
#=@ nIo
hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu cg's"lnt x'g] u/L ljsf; sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
xl/t ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffcg'k dfgjLo lqmofsnfk / ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g
cg's"lnt u/fpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgnfO{ cfGtl/sLs/0f u/L ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] cleGg c\usf] kdf
;~rfng ug]{ .
@= hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ sd ug{ hnjfo' nufgLnfO{ /fli6o ah]6 k|0ffnLdf ;dflxt
u/L o; If]qdf nufgL a9fpFb} hfg] .
#= k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, ul/aL Go"gLs/0f tyf jftfj/0fLo pTk|]/0ffnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+Fb}
hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ cg's"lnt agfpg] .
$= hn tyf df};d lj1fg;DaGwL ;]jfnfO{ ljZj;gLo, e/kbf]{, lgoldt / u'0ffTds agfO{
hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] kfg]{ c;/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ sfo{df kl/rflnt ug]{ .

cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx | 191


#=% sfo{gLlt
!= jftfj/0f ;+/If0f;Fu ;DalGwt sfg'gxsf] th'{df / ljBdfg sfg'gx, jftfj/0fLo
gLlt lgod cBfjlws, ;+oGqsf] ;anLs/0f / ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
@= :yfgLo cg's"ng sfo{of]hgfdfkm{t\ /fli6o cg's"ng sfo{of]hgfnfO{ :yfgLo txdf
sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -!_
#= hnjfo' kl/jt{g zLif{ssf ah]6sf] 7"nf] lx:;f :yfgLo txdf vr{ x'g] Joj:yf
ul/g]5 . -#_
$= hg:t/df jftfj/0fLo r]tgf / ;fjwfgL hufpg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
%= g]kfn kIf ePsf jftfj/0f;DaGwL ;lGw tyf dxf;lGwxsf] sfof{Gjog u/L ljz]iftM
Sof]6f] k|f]6f]sncGtu{tsf] :jR5 ljsf; ;+oGqaf6 a9LeGbf a9L nfe lng ;DalGwt
lgsfoxnfO{ kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
^= jftfj/0f / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf lqmofsnfkdf bft[ lgsfo, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, :yfgLo
lgsfo, ;fd'bflos ;+:yf Pjd\ cGo lgsfoxaLr ;dGjo / ;fem]bf/L ul/g]5 . -@_
&= jftfj/0fd}qL tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng x'g] vfnsf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df hf]8
lbOg]5 . -@_
*= jftfj/0fd}qL of]hgfcg'k of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogdf cGtlg{sfo ;dGjonfO{
;'b[9 ul/g]5 . -@_
(= xl/t cy{tGqsf] ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{qmdnfO{ cfly{s lqmofsnfksf ;a} If]qdf
cfGtl/sLs/0f ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= /fhwfgLnufotsf 7"nf ;x/df /x]sf gbLxsf] k|b"if0f Go"gLs/0f ug]{ tyf hn,
hldg, Wjlg tyf jfo' k|b"if0f /f]syfd ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= k|b"ifsn] ltg'{k5{ eGg] l;4fGt nfu" ug{ cfjZos ;+oGqsf] ljsf; Pjd\ sfof{Gjog
ul/g]5 . -@_
!@= k|fs[lts ;|f]taf6 k|fKt cfosf] lglZrt k|ltzt /sd k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f
tyf jftfj/0fLo cg';Gwfg / ljsf;df vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -$_
!#= s[lif, hn;|f]t tyf pmhf{h:tf hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 k|ToIf k|efljt If]qdf pko'Qm
k|ljlwsf] klxrfg, ;+/If0f, k|j4{g / k|;f/ ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, cg's"ng / ;dofg's"ng sfod ePsf] x'g], hnjfo'
ljQsf] vfsf tof/ ePsf] x'g], /fli6o cg's"ng of]hgf tof/ ePsf] x'g], ;\3 / k|b]zdf
k|of]uzfnfsf] :yfkgf ePsf] x'g], @) cf]6f jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof\sg ePsf cfof]hgfxsf]
k/LIf0f ePsf] x'g] / jftfj/0fLo lzIff tyf ;r]tgf clej[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

192 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


^=^ hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg
!= k[i7e"ld
dg;'gL jiff{, clt le/fnf] e"agf}6 tyf sdhf]/ ef}ule{s l:yltn] hnpTkGghGo k|sf]kx
x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . cj}1flgs e"pkof]u tyf hnjfo' kl/j{tg;Fu} e"Ifo, af9L, klx/f], u]u|fg jxfj,
gbLwf/ kl/j{tg, gbL lsgf/f s6fg tyf 8'afgh:tf k|sf]kxaf6 dfgj a:tL, v]tLof]Uo hldg
/ lgld{t k"jf{wf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|sf]ksf] Go"gLs/0f ug{ gjLgtd k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ug{' h?/L 5 .
o;y{ o; If]qdf sfo{/t ljleGg lgsfox;Fu ;dGjofTds kdf ;xsfo{ u/L pknAw ;Lldt
;|f]t tyf ;fwgsf] plrt k|of]uaf6 o:tf k|sf]kx ;Daf]wg ug{ Hofb} sl7g x'g]x'Fbf :yn ljz]if
tyf of]hgfa4 9\un] o;sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ cfjZos 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
j}1flgs e"pkof]u gLltcg'k hldgsf] plrt pkof]u ug'{u/fpg', hn pTkGg k|sf]k
Joj:yfkg gLlt, @)&@ cg';f/ gbL lsgf/fnfO{ /]vfg u/L hf]lg\u ug'{, hf]lvdo'Qm If]qsf]
hldgsf] pkof]udf /f]s nufpg', cfkQsfnLg p4f/ tyf /fxt sfo{nfO{{ k|efjsf/L kdf
;~rfng ug'{u/fpg', e"Ifo /f]syfd tyf hnfwf/ If]qsf] a9\bf] IfoLs/0fnfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{ /
;Lldt ;|f]t ;fwgnfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf Joj:yfkg u/L k|sf]k Go"gLs/0f ug]{ sfo{x r'gf}tLk"0f{
/x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
af9L, klx/f] tyf 8'afg Go"gLs/0f e} k|efljt If]qdf a:tL ljsf;, cfly{s lqmofsnfk /
s[lif ljsf;sf sfo{x lj:tf/sf ;fy} /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x ;[hgf, gbL Joj:yfkg sfo{af6
psf; ePsf] hldgsf] plrt ;b'kof]u u/L To; If]qsf] ;d'bfosf] cfocfh{gdf 6]jf / gbL
lsgf/fdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] t6aGwnfO{ ;8ssf] kdf k|of]u u/L ufpF a:tLdf oftfoftsf]
;'ljwfsf] cj;/ pknAw 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo / /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
hnpTkGg hf]lvd k|lt/f]wL Pjd\ Jojl:yt gbL tyf e"k|0ffnLsf] ;'lglZrttf .
#=@ nIo
ljleGg lsl;dsf hnpTkGg k|sf]kxnfO{ Go"gLs/0f Pjd\ Joj:yfkg u/L ;f] k|sf]kaf6 x'g]
hgwg tyf ef}lts ;+/rgfxsf] IfltnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{'sf ;fy} /f]huf/L l;h{gf u/L ul/aL
lgjf/0fdf ;xof]u k'ofpg] .

cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx | 193


#=# p2]Zo
!= af9L, klx/f]h:tf hnpTkGg k|sf]kx x'gcl3 g} /f]syfd ug'{ / o:tf hf]lvd /
hf]lvdaf6 x'g;Sg] hgwgsf] IftL Go"gLs/0f ug{' .
@ af9L tyf 8'afgsf] Joj:yfkg psf;af6 k|fKt hf]lvd/lxt hUufsf] ;d'lrt pkof]u
ug{' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= gLltut Pjd\ ;+:yfut Joj:yf Pjd\ ;'wf/ u/L hnpTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkgnfO{
k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
@= k|efjsf/L k|sf]k lgoGq0fsf] nflu cfjZos k|ljlwsf] klxrfg, ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= hnpTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg gLlt, @)&@ sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ sfo{qmd
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
@= k|efljt If]q Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;+:yfut ljsf; Pjd\ ;fd'bflos ;r]tgf lzIff
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
#= gbL ljif]zsf lgoGq0f tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{xsf] u'?of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog
ul/g]5 . -!_
$= l;dfjtL{ tyf xf]rf] If]qdf x'g] 8'afg ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ cfjZos sfo{qmd
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
%= psf; hldgsf] ;d'lrt pkof]u;d]t u/L gbL lgoGq0f sfo{df /f]huf/L l;h{gfnfO{
k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . -!_
^= hf]lvd gS;f / If]q lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . -!_
&= l/df]6 ;]lG;\u, ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL / hf]lvd gS;f tyf af9L ljZn]if0fh:tf
ljlwxsf] k|of]u u/L k|sf]k lgoGq0f sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -@_
*= :yfgLo:t/df pknAw ;|f]t tyf ;fwgsf] k|of]u u/L k|sf]k Go"gLs/0f tyf /fxt
ljt/0f sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
(= gbLxdf x'g] 8'afg tyf s6fgsf] ;d:of Go"gLs/0f ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= hnpTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0fsf nflu lgld{t ;+/rgfxsf] plrt dd{t;Def/ u/L lbuf]
/ e/kbf]{ agfOg]5 . -@_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
hgtfsf] t6aGwnufot cGo sfo{qmdxaf6 () ls=ld= gbL lsgf/ ;+/If0f ePsf] x'g] /
t/fO{sf gbLxaf6 x'g] 8'afg, s6fg Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg ePsf]] x'g]5 .

194 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


kl/R5]b M &
ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g
&=! ul/aL lgjf/0f tyf ;d[l4
!= k[i7e"ld
d'n'sdf sl/a 5 bzsb]lvsf] of]hgfa4 ljsf;sf] cEof; Pjd\ gjf}F of]hgfb]lv ul/aL
lgjf/0fnfO{ Psdfq d"n p2]Zosf] kdf ljsf; of]hgfsf] s]Gdf /fvL ul/Psf ljleGg
k|of;xaf6 ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf] lbzfdf 7f]; k|ult ePsf] 5 . ul/aL lgjf/0f ug]{ ;/sf/sf]
k|d'v bfloTj eP klg of] Ps cGt/;DalGwt ljifo ePsf]n] o;sf nflu ;/sf/sf k|To]s
c\uxsf] e"ldsf ckl/xfo{ x'G5 .
ljut !& jif{sf] cjlwdf lg/k]If ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;\Vof 36]sf] b]lvP tfklg
;x/L tyf u|fdL0f Pjd\ ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]q / ;fdflhs ;d"xaLrsf] vf8n cem} klg pRr
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ ljz]ifu/L dlxnf, cflbjf;L, cNk;\Vos tyf b'u{d u|fdL0f If]qdf a:g]
cfdgful/sxdf ul/aLsf] uxgtf a9L ePsf] x'Fbf ul/aL lgjf/0fsf k|of;xdf logsf] cy{k"0f{
;xeflutf cfhsf] 68\sf/f] cfjZostf b]lvG5 . o;y{ ul/aL Go"gLs/0f k|of;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b}
ul/a / wgLaLrsf] c;dfgtf 36fpg' / cfly{s ;d[l4 k|fKt ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . o;
sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L ;du| ;/sf/sf c\ux tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx;d]tsf] ePsf]n] ljleGg
lgsfoxaf6 ;~rfng x'g] o:tf sfo{qmdx k|efjsf/L x'g'sf] ;fy} tL lgsfoxaLr ;dGjo
x'g' h?/L 5 .
ul/aLsf] ljt/0f ef}uf]lnsIf]qLo kdf dfq ge} hftLo kdf ;d]t c;dfg /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . o;;Fu} ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nflu ul/a 3/kl/jf/sf] klxrfg sfo{ x'g g;Sg', nlIot
3/kl/jf/df ;fdflhs ;'/If0f sfo{qmdx s]lGt ug{ g;lsg', ljleGg lgsfoxaf6 ;~rflnt
ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmdxaLr ;dGjosf] cefj /xg', Ifdtf ljsf;sf sfo{x kof{Kt gx'g' /
gLlt, of]hgf / ah]6 sfo{qmdaLr c;dfgh:otf x'g'h:tf ;d:ofx ljBdfg 5g\ . ;\VofTds
kn] ul/aLsf] tYof\sdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] b]lvP tfklg cfly{s c;dfgtf sfod g} /x]sf]
b]lvPsfn] ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] sfo{ yk hl6n ag]sf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf] k|of;nfO{ tLj|tf lbFb} ef}uf]lns, n}\lus, hftLo / cfo ju{aLr /x]sf]
ul/aLsf] df/ / c;dfgtfsf] cGt/nfO{ sd ug'{, Go"g cfly{s j[l4sf aLr ljgf;sf/L e"sDk /

ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g | 195


;Ldf If]qsf] Jofkfl/s cj/f]waf6 l;lh{t ;d:ofaf6 ul/aLsf] cj:yfdf k/]sf] k|lts"n c;/ l56f]
lgjf/0f ug'{, ;Lk, k'FhL / k|ljlwdf ax';\Vos hgtfsf] cfjZos kx'Fr gePsf] cj:yfdf
:j/f]huf/ k|j4{g ug'{, Gsf] cGTo eP klg k"0f{ zflGtsf] k|Tofe"lt ;'lglZrt gePsf]n]
nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f s'l07t xF'bf gofF /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x l;h{gf ug'{ / j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf
hfg]nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{;Sg' r'gf}tL /x]sf 5g\ .
cgf}krfl/s If]qdf cTolws kdf s]lGb|t ljBdfg a9\bf] cb[Zo a]/f]huf/LnfO{ 36fpg',
s[lifdf cfl>t cfjZostfeGbf a9L hg;\VofnfO{ qmlds kn] u}/s[lif If]qdf :yfgfGt/0f
u/fpg', gofF /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ l;h{gf ug'{, :yfgLo ;Lk, k'FhL / k|ljlwdf kx'Fr ePsf :jb]zL
pBdLxsf] lgldQ :j/f]huf/ k|j4{g ug'{, cf}krfl/s jf ;\ul7t If]qdf ;+o'Qm nufgLdf
cfwfl/t pBf]usf] dfWodaf6 bIf hgzlQmnfO{ /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x pknAw u/fpg' tyf
k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df ;'/lIft j}b]lzs /f]huf/L k|j4{g ug'{ / ;x/L tyf u|fdL0f Pjd\ ljleGg
ef}uf]lns If]q / ;d"xaLrsf] vf8n cem} sd ug{' r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
ljleGg lgsfoxaf6 ;~rfng x'g] o;;DaGwL sfo{qmdxsf] ;dGjo / cg'udgsf]
dfWodaf6 o; sfo{df kl/rfng x'g] 7"nf] kl/df0fsf] ;|f]t;fwgnfO{ ul/a 3/kl/jf/sf] klxrfg
u/L pgLxsf] ;d[l4sf nflu kl/nlIft ug{ u/fpg ;lsg] cj;/ l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L
ul/a 3/ kl/jf/ klxrfg / kl/rokq ljt/0fsf] ;'?jft;Fu} ul/a nlIft sfo{qmd cl3 a9fpg]
cj;/ k|fKt x'g]5 . s[lif, ko{6g, lgdf{0f tyf cGo ;]jf If]qsf] lj:tf/n] cfly{s j[l4 Pjd\
/f]huf/L l;h{gf eO{ ul/aL 36fpg] alnof] cj;/ k|fKt 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
pTkfbgsf ;fwg tyf cj;/xdf kx'Fr j[l4, cfo / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ j[l4 ub}{ ul/aL
Go"gLs/0f / cfly{s ;d[l4 .
#=@ nIo
lg/k]If ul/aL lgjf/0f ub}{ cfly{s ;d[l4sf] cfwf/ tof/ ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;\Vof !& k|ltztdf Nofpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
! pTkfbgd"ns /f]huf/L tyf cj;/xsf] clej[l4 ug]{ .
@= cfly{s j[l4dfkm{t\ ;[hgf x'g] /f]huf/Lnufotsf ;Dk"0f{ cj;/xsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f
/ ;dtfd"ns ljsf; x'g]u/L ;Da4 ;a} If]qut gLltxnfO{ kl/nlIft ug]{ .

196 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#= /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o nufgL;xof]u, j}b]lzs ;xfotf Pjd\ u}/;/sf/L ;\3
;+:yfxaLr k|efjsf/L ;dGjo / ;xsfo{nfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{ ul/aL Go"gLs/0f / cfly{s
;d[l4sf nflu ;|f]t kl/rfng ug]{ .
$= ul/aL lgjf/0f / cfly{s ;d[l4;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg If]qdf ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]
sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfxsf] ;DefJotfsf] cWoog u/L dfudf cfwfl/t nlIft
sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ug]{ .
%= ul/aL Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmdxsf] k'g;{+/rgf Pjd\ k|fyldsLs/0f ub}{
;Da4 gLlt tyf sfo{qmdxnfO{ k"jf{g'dfgof]Uo agfpg] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= pTkfbgd"ns /f]huf/LnfO{ s]Gb|laGb'df /fvL /fli6o ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= ljsf; cfof]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog ubf{ >dd"ns k|ljlwsf] k|of]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg
ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ul/aL 36fpg / cfly{s ;d[l4sf] cfwf/ tof/ ug{ k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ;Gt'lnt
Joj:yfkg tyf pkof]udf hf]8 lbOg]5 . -@_
$= klxrfg ePsf ul/axsf] ;fdflhs ;'/If0fsf] dfWodaf6 Ifdtf ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_
%= s[lif, ko{6g, pmhf{, k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / ;fgf pBdxnfO{ ul/aL lgjf/0f pGd'v
t'NofOg]5 . -@_
^= dWo tyf ;'b"/klZrdsf pRr kxf8L e]u / dWot/fO{sf ul/a tyf ljkGg
3/kl/jf/nfO{ nlIft u/L Ifdtf ljsf;, cfocfh{g tyf /f]huf/d"ns sfo{qmd
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
&= ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nflu ljleGg lgsfoaf6 ;~rflnt sfo{qmdaLr k|efjsf/L ;dGjo
ul/g]5 . -#_
*= ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nflu ;~rflnt sfo{qmdxsf] k|efjsfl/tf d"Nofg ul/g]5 . -#_
(= ul/aL lgjf/0fdf ;xof]u k'ofpg] cGt/f{li6oIf]qLo ;\3;+:yf tyf ljsf;
;fem]bf/;Fu ;dGjo / ;DaGw lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -#_
!)= ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfoxaf6 ;~rflnt ul/aL lgjf/0fsf
sfo{qmdxsf] ;dGjo ub}{ sfof{Gjogdf k|efjsfl/tf NofOg]5 . -#_
!!= cfly{s ;d[l4sf If]q klxrfg u/L tL If]qdf nufgL j[l4 ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= ul/a 3/kl/jf/ klxrfg tyf juL{s/0f u/L kl/rokq pknAw u/fOg]5 . -$_
!# ljleGg If]q / ;d'bfodf /x]sf] ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu pTkfbgd"ns sfo{qmd
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -$_

ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g | 197


!$= u|fdL0f tyf ;x/L ul/aLnfO{ nlIft u/L sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -$_
!%= ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmdxsf] cWoog / ;"rgf ;\sng ul/g] / xfn ljleGg
lgsfoxdfkm{t\ sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf ;fdflhs ;'/If0fsf dfWodxsf] k|f]kmfOn /
dfkb08 tof/ ul/g]5 . -$_
!^= lbuf] ljsf; nIo -ul/aL;Fu ;DalGwt nIo_ sf] sfo{qmd / ;"rsxsf] k|ult
cg'udg ul/g]5 . -%_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
ul/aL Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx k"jf{g'dfgof]Uo ePsf] x'g], bL3{sfnLg ul/aL
Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ug{ gLltut cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] x'g], ljleGg lgsfoxaf6
ul/aL lgjf/0fsf If]qdf /fxt tyf ljsf;fTds sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ tYok"0f{ cfwf/ tof/
ePsf] x'g], ul/a 3/kl/jf/ klxrfg ePsf] x'g], ;fdflhs ;'/If0fsf cf}hf/x klxrfg eO{
ljt/0f;d]t ePsf] x'g] / ul/aL !& k|ltztdf em/L cfly{s ;d[l4sf] cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] x'g]5 .

&=@ k|fb]lzs tyf ef}uf]lns ;Gt'ng


&=@=! ;\3Lotf tyf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g
!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] /fHozlQmsf] k|of]u ;\3, k|b]z / :yfgLo u/L tLg txsf] ;+/rgfaf6
x'g] Joj:yf u/L 5'f5'} Pjd\ ;femf clwsf/xsf] ;d]t :ki6 lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . o:tf]
Joj:yfaf6 ;/sf/nfO{ hgtfsf] glhs k'ofO{ zlQm / ;|f]tdfly gful/ssf] kx'Fr :yflkt ug]{ /
ljsf; tyf ;]jf k|jfxdf :yfgLo ;xeflutf / :jfldTj sfod x'g] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .
o;af6 hgtfnfO{ jf:tljs kd} ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg t'NofO{ zf;gdf pgLxsf] cy{k"0f{
;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrt ub}{ nf]stGqnfO{ :yfgLo txb]lv g} ;+:yfut / dha't agfpg] cj;/
k|fKt ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gcGtu{t :yfgLo ;'zf;g, u'0f:t/Lo cfwf/e"t ;]jf
k|jfxdf ;a}sf] ;xh kx'Fr, :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, nlIft ju{ tyf If]qsf] cfly{s ;fdflhs
;zQmLs/0f Pjd\ ;dfj]zLs/0f, ;fdflhs kl/rfng, ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf tyf ljsf;,
:yfgLo hLljsf]kfh{g Pjd\ /f]huf/L, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / :yfgLo txdf ;~rfng ul/g]
cleofgd"ns /rgfTds s'/fxsf] ;'lglZrttf x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
ljut 8]9 bzseGbf nfdf] ;dob]lv lgjf{rg x'g g;Sbf :yfgLo lgsfodf hjfkmb]lxtf
sdhf]/ x'g',' :yfgLo lgsfoxsf] ;do ;fk]If k'g;{+/rgf / Ifdtf ljsf; ug{', ;\3Lo
;+/rgfcg';f/ k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf sd{rf/Lxsf] Joj:yfkg ug{', ljifout lgIf]k0fsf] sfo{

198 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


k|efjsf/L agfpg', gofF 3f]if0ff ePsf gu/kflnsfxsf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{', :yfgLo lgsfonfO{
gofF ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfcg'k :yfgLo ;/sf/df kfGt/0f u/L /fhgLlts, cfly{s, k|zf;lgs
;]jf k|jfx / ljsf; Joj:yfkgsf] b[li6n] ;Ifd PsfOsf] kdf :yflkt ug'{ k|d'v r'gf}tLx
x'g\ .
cj;/
;+ljwfg hf/L ePkZrft\ hgtfsf] ljZjf;sf ;fy ljsf; sfo{ cufl8 a9\g] jftfj/0f tof/
x'g', s]Gb|Lo:t/sf sfo{qmdx qmdzM :yfgLo:t/df sfof{Gjog x'g] u/]af6 cg'ej / bIftf j[l4
x'g', :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gsf] cEof;n] hgtfdf zf;gk|ltsf] ;r]tgf, ;xeflutf tyf
clwsf/k|ltsf] rf;f] a9\b} hfg', ljsf; k|lqmofdf :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;xeflutf / :jfldTj
a9\g'h:tf cj;/ /x]sf 5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
;\3Lo ;+/rgf cg's"n ;xeflutfd"ns, ;dfj]zL, ;dGoflos, pQ/bfoL / :yfgLo :jfoQ
zf;g .
#=@ nIo
hgk|ltlglwd"ns Pjd\ pQ/bfoL :jfoQ zf;g k4ltsf] ;'b[9Ls/0ff/f ;fwg;|f]t tyf
cj;/xdf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g tyf ;xeflutfd"ns k4ltsf dfWodaf6 hgtfnfO{ cfwf/e"t ;]jf
;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLo ;+/rgfxsf] :yfkgf, Joj:yfkg / lqmofzLntf a9fpg] .
@= :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g / ;]jf k|jfxsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ .
#= ;fdflhs kl/rfng tyf nlIft sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
$= :yfgLo zf;gdf hg:jfldTj :yfkgf ug{ hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf of]hgf th{'df,
sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg k|0ffnLsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= k|b]z tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/af6 ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{ tyf ;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu cfjZos
;|f]t ;fwg, ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tyf hgzlQm Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -!_

ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g | 199


@= :yfgLo lgsfoxsf] ;+/rgfnfO{ ;DefJo PsfOsf] kdf k'g;{+/rgf u/L :yfgLo ;]jf
k|bfossf] kdf :yflkt ul/g]5 . -!_
#= :yfgLo txdf ;]jf k|jfxsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf nflu Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -@_
$= :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ ;]jfu|fxLk|lt a9L pQ/bfoL agfpg] u/L sfo{k|0ffnLnfO{ kf/bzL{
agfOg]5 . -@_
%= :yfgLo tYof\sLo k|0ffnL tyf clen]vnfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L Jojl:yt
ul/g]5 -@_
^= :yfgLo:t/df ;~rfng x'g] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf sfo{qmdxnfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf]
;dGjodf ;~rfng x'g] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -#_
&= j8fgful/s d~r / gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|nfO{ yk ;'b[9 ul/g]5 . -#_
*= ljkGg Pjd\ ;LdfGts[t 3/w'/Lsf dlxnfxnfO{ ;+nUg u/fO{ gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf]
lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -#_
(= ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf k|0ffnLnfO{ a:tL txb]lv g} cfa4 u/L :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf
th{'df k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 ul/g]5 . -$_
!)= :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf th{'df sfof{Gjog, cg'udg / nfesf] lx:;]bf/Ldf :yfgLo
;d'bfosf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt x'g] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -$_
!!= ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L :yfgLotxsf] of]hgfnfO{ /fli6o of]hgf;Fu cfa4 x'g]
Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -$_
!@= cg'udgnfO{ cfof]hgf rqmsf r/0fxsf] cleGg csf] kdf ljsf; u/L
glthfd"ns cg'udg k|0ffnLsf] sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -$_
!# cfof]hgfsf] ;fdflhs k/LIf0f, ;fj{hlgs k/LIf0f, ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfOnufotsf
;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf ljlwxsf] dfWodaf6 :yfgLo txsf] ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{
kf/bzL{ tyf pQ/bfoL agfOg]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
:yfgLo txsf] ;]jf k|jfx yk k|efjsf/L ePsf] x'g], ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] dfWodaf6
;'zf;gsf] k|j4{g ePsf] x'g], ;dfj]zL tyf nlIft sfo{qmdxsf] k|efjsfl/tfdf clej[l4 eO{
ljkGg, lk5l8Psf] If]q / ;LdfGts[t ju{ tyf ;d'bfo yk nfeflGjt ePsf] x'g], ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
sfo{qmd yk Jojl:yt ePsf] x'g], :yfgLo txdf ljB'tLo ;'zf;g nfu" ePsf] x'g] / ljQLo
;'zf;g sfod ePsf] x'g]5 .

200 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


&=@=@ k|fb]lzs tyf ef}uf]lns ;Gt'ng
!= k[i7e"ld
Nffdf] ;dob]lv ;Gt'lnt If]qLo ljsf;sf] dfGotfadf]lhd k5fl8 k/]sf ju{, ;d'bfo /
If]qnfO{ ljsf;sf] d"nwf/df NofO{ ;dfg kdf ljsf;sf] k|ltkmn pknAw u/fpg] k|of; x'Fb}
cfPsf] xf] . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] oxL cGt/j:t'nfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ ljsf;sf b[li6n] kl5 k/]sf
If]qnfO{ k|fyldstf lbFb} ;Gt'lnt, jftfj/0f cg's"n, u'0f:t/Lo tyf lbuf] kdf k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;
ug]{ gLlt lnPsf] 5 . ljutsf cfjlws of]hgfxdf klg s]Gb|Lo:t/ tyf :yfgLo
lgsfoxdfkm{t\ ;~rfng ul/g] ljsf; of]hgfsf cltl/Qm s0ff{nL ljsf; cfof]u, ;'b"/klZrd
ljsf; cfof]uh:tf ;+:yfut Joj:yfsf ;fy} :yfgLo lgsfo cg'bfg sfo{qmd, b'u{d If]q ljsf;
sfo{qmd, sfdsf nflu vfBfGg, ul/aL lgjf/0f cfof]hgf, s0ff{nL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd, ;LdfjtL{ If]q
ljsf; sfo{qmd, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmdh:tf ljz]if sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/Psf lyP .
;\3Lo ;+/rgfsf] ;Gbe{df klg ;\3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLr k|fs[lts >f]t ;fwgk|ltsf]
clwsf/ / pknAw >f]t ;fwgsf] afF8kmfF8 ubf{ ljleGg k|b]zxsf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf]
cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/L pknAw ;|f]t ;fwg / cj;/df ;dfg kx'Fr;lxt ;dGoflos
ljsf;sf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
ljsf;df k5fl8 k/]sf If]qxdf ef}uf]lns ljs6tfsf] sf/0f k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf sl7gfO x'g',
ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/xsf] ;xof]unfO{ ljs6 7fFpxdf k'ofpg'', b'u{d tyf kxf8L If]qdf k"jf{wf/
ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ug'{, e"sDkkZrft\sf] k'glg{df{0f, ;\3Lotf
sfof{Gjog / bL3{sfnLg ljsf;sf lgoldt sfo{qmd / cof]hgfxsf aLrdf tfbfDotf NofO{
;|f]t ;fwgsf] ;Gt'lnt ;+of]hg sfod ug'{, :yfgLo txdf hg;xeflutf, kf/blz{tf / pQ/bfloTj
sfod u/L ;'zf;g k|j4{g ug'{ / nlIft sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg' r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 .
cj;/
;jf{\uL0f ljsf;sf] :yfgLos/0fsf] ck]Iff;lxt ;\3Lotf;lxtsf] ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogdf
cfpg', ;+j}wflgs kdf g} lk5l8Psf] If]q / ju{nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbg] gLltut Joj:yf x'g',
ul/aL lgjf/0f tyf /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljz]if sfo{qmd;lxt ;+:yfut Joj:yf x'g', ljsf;
sfo{qmdxsf] dfudf cTolws j[l x'g' / hgtfsf] k|ToIf ;xeflutfdf :yfgLo of]hgf th'{df /
sfof{Gjog ul/g] k|j[lQdf a9f]Q/L x'g', b'u{d tyf lk5l8Psf] If]qdf cGt/f{li6o nufgL / ;xof]u
j[l x'g' ;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf cj;/ x'g\ .

ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g | 201


#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
k|fb]lzs tyf ef}uf]lns ;Gt'ng / gful/sxaLrsf] hLjg:t/df ;dfgtf .
#=@ nIo
;a} k|b]z / ef}uf]lns If]qdf ;Gt'lnt ljsf; u/L hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= Eff}uf]lns kdf ljs6 / lk5l8Psf] If]qdf :yfgLo pTkfbg / /f]huf/Ldf j[l4 ug'{ .
@= ;a} If]qsf hgtfnfO{ b}lgs cfjZostfsf j:t' tyf ;]jfdf ;dGoflos kdf ;xh
kx'Fr k'ofpg' .
#=$= /0fgLlt
!= :yfgLo:t/df ;Defjgf klxrfg u/L tL If]qdf nufgL j[l4 ug]{ .
@= ljleGg k|b]zxsf aLr ;x;DaGw sfod u/L cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ultljlwxnfO{
cufl8 a9fpg] .
#= k5fl8 k/]sf If]q, ;LdfGts[t JolQm, ju{ / ;d'bfosf] pTyfg tyf ;+/If0fsf] nflu
ljz]if sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;DefJo k|fs[lts Pjd\ dfgjLo ;Dkbfxsf] klxrfg u/L To;sf] pRrtd\ pkof]u ub{}
t'ngfTds kdf a9L k|ltkmn lbg] cfof]hgfsfo{qmdxnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf
lbOg]5 . -!_
@= lghL If]q cfslif{t x'g] t'ngfTds nfesf s[lif tyf u}/s[lif If]qxsf] klxrfg u/L
To:tf If]qdf lghL nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ;\3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLr k|fs[lts >f]t ;fwg tyf /fh:jsf] kl/rfng ubf{
ljleGg k|b]zxsf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ul/g]5 . -@_
$= :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgdf cfwfl/t cfly{s ljsf; sfo{qmddfkm{t\ pBdzLntf / /f]huf/L
;[hgf ul/g]5 -@_.
%= ;\3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLr j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] pTkfbg / lgjf{w cfjfudgsf]
Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -@_
^= k|b]zk|b]z / :yfgLo txx hf]8\g] ;8s k"jf{wf/xsf] ljsf; u/L k|b]z tyf :yfgLo
txxsf aLr ;x;DaGw / ;Defjgfxsf] pRrtd\ pkof]u ul/g]5 . -@_
&= k5fl8 k/]sf If]qdf ljz]if nlIft cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfo{qmdx
;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_

202 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


*= dfgjLo ;fwgsf] ljsf;df kl5 k/]sf If]qdf dfgj ;+zfwgsf] ljsf;sf sfo{qmd
k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
ljleGg ef}uf]lns Pjd\ k|fb]lzs If]q / ju{aLr /x]sf] ljsf;sf] cj:yfsf] c;dfgtf sd
ePsf] x'g], ljleGg k|b]zxdf :yfgLo:t/df cfly{s ;DaGw :yflkt ePsf] x'g], nlIft ju{ tyf
;d'bfosf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ ePsf] x'g] / ;a} efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f Pjd\ ;+j4{gdf 6]jf
k'u]sf] x'g]5 .

&=# zflGt tyf k'g:yf{kgf


!= k[i7e"ld
;z:q GkZrft\ lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ;'? ePsf] zflGt k|lqmof ;+ljwfg;efaf6
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L eP;Fu} 6'luPsf] 5 . ;d[4, zfGt / Gofok"0f{ g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] lbzfdf
d'n's cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . o;sf] nflu ljleGg cfGbf]ngsf qmddf hLjg pT;u{ u/]sf ;xLbxsf]
;Ddfg, a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmxsf] vf]hL, d]nldnfk, cfk;L ;b\efj / ;lxi0f'tf clej[l4 ug]{
;f]r;lxt ;dfhdf lbuf] zflGt / ;'Joj:yf sfod u/L /fVg] nIo lnO{ GkZrft\ /fHosf
cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/xsf] lgdf{0f, /fxt tyf k'g:yf{kgf, k'gMPsLs/0f,
d]nldnfk / ;\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo k|bfgnufotsf zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL w]/} pknlAw
xfl;n ePsf 5g\ .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
Gf]Q/ k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g:y{fkgf sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ ;dod} ;DkGg ug{', ljleGg
kIfx;Fu ePsf jftf{ / ;xdltnfO{ Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog ug{', ;z:q Gsf] dgf];fdflhs
c;/nfO{ ;fdfGoLs/0f ug{', ;z:q Gsf qmddf ePsf dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNn\3g tyf
dfgjtf lj4sf] ck/fwsf] 36gfdf ;+nUgsf] ;TotYo cGj]if0f tyf 5fglag u/L jf:tljstf
hg;dIf NofO{ sf/afxL ug{' cem} r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 .
cj;/
b]zsf] ;du| zflGt k|lqmof lgisif{df k'Ug] cj:yf l;h{gf e} ljsf;sf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f xF'b}
hfg', zflGt / ljsf;sf nflu hgtfdf r]tgf j[l4 e} cfgf] clwsf/ / st{Josf] af/]df a'g]
Ifdtf a9\b} hfg', ;+:yfut ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{x / /fxt tyf k'g:yf{kgf
sfo{qmddfkm{t\ ;dfhdf lbuf] zflGt, ;b\efj / Pstf j[l4 x'Fb} hfg' / ;\qmd0fsfnLg
Gofo;DaGwL sfd ug{ a]kQf ePsf JolQmsf] 5fglag ug{ / ;Tolgk0f tyf d]nldnfk u/fpg
cfof]ux u7g e} lqmofzLn /xg'nfO{ 7"nf] cj;/sf] kdf lng ;lsG5 .

ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g | 203


#= ;f]r, nIo, pb]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
d]nldnfk, cfk;L ;b\efj / ;'zf;gdfkm{t\ lbuf], zfGt / ;d[4 Pjd\ Gofok"0f{ g]kfn
lgdf{0f .
#=@ nIo
Gf]Q/ zflGt k|lqmofsf ;a} kIfnfO{ lgisif{df k'ofpg] tyf k'glg{df{0f sfo{nfO{ ;DkGg
ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
Gsf sf/0faf6 Ifltu|:t ;+/rgfxsf] k'glg{df{0f tyf ;fdflhs, cfly{s Pjd\ dfgjLo
Iflt / k|efjnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= G k|efljt JolQm, kl/jf/ tyf ;d"xxsf nflu kl/k"/0f, Ifltk"lt{, k'g:yf{kgf Pjd\
k'gMPsLs/0fsf sfd ;DkGg ug{] .
@= Gsf sf/0faf6 Iflt ePsf / xfn lgdf{0ffwLg ;+/rgfxsf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{ ;DkGg
ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ljutdf ePsf G tyf cfGbf]ngsf sf/0f kLl8t JolQm tyf kl/jf/nfO{ Ifltk"lt{
lbnfOg]5 . -!_
@= G k|efljt JolQm tyf ;d"xxnfO{ ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg Pjd\ k'gM;fdflhsLs/0f ug]{
qmddf cfjZos dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{nufotsf ;]jf pknAw u/fOg]5 . -!_
#= ;dfhdf Gsf sf/0fx klxrfg u/L To;sf] lg/fs/0fsf] nflu zflGt ;+j]bgzLn
gLlt tyf sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g]5 . -!_
$= :yfgLo txdf ul7t :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltdfkm{t\ zflGt k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -!_
%= Gaf6 Iflt eO{ k'glg{df{0f ug{ afFsL /x]sf ef}lts k"jf{wf/xsf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{
;DkGg ul/g]5 . -@_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
/fxt, k'g:yf{kgf, k'gMPsLs/0f, d]nldnfk / ;+qmd0fsfnLg Gofo k|flKt ePsf] x'g], Gaf6
Ifltu|:t ePsf lgdf{0ffwLg ;+/rgfxsf] k'glg{df{0f k"/f ePsf] x'g] / /fxt kfpg afFsL G
k|efljt JolQm tyf kl/jf/sf nflu /fxt tyf k'g:yf{kg;DaGwL sfo{qmdx ;DkGg ePsf]
x'g]5 .

204 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


&=$ zf;sLo ;'wf/
&=$=! k|zf;sLo ;'zf;g
!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf /fHosf gLltcGtu{t ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gnfO{ :jR5, lg:kIf, kf/bzL{,
e|i6frf/d'Qm, hgpQ/bfoL / ;xeflutfd"ns agfpFb} /fHoaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jf ;'ljwfdf hgtfsf]
;dfg / ;xh kx'Fr ;'lglZrt u/L ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt ug]{ s'/f pNn]v 5 . ;fj{hlgs
k|zf;gdf ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ ;DaGwdf ljleGg k|of; eO/x]sf 5g\ . rfn" of]hgfdf x]nf] ;/sf/
tyf u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg, e|i6frf/ lj4sf] sfo{of]hgf, /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfdf glthfdf
cfwfl/t Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL, /fi6;]js sd{rf/Lxsf] cfrf/;+lxtfh:tf sfo{x yk
k|efjsfl/tfsf ;fy ;'rf? ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] Joj:Yff u/]sf k|zf;lgs
k'g;{+/rgfsf sfo{xnfO{ tbf?stfsf ;fy cufl8 a9fpg k|zf;sLo k'g;{+/rgf cfof]usf]
k|ltj]bgdf ePsf l;kmfl/;xsf] sfof{Gjogsf cltl/Qm cfjZos kg]{ sfg'gxsf] th'{df sfo{
cufl8 a9fOPsf 5g\ . ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] b}lgs sfd kg]{ / k|ToIf hg;Dks{ x'g] s]xL
ljefux / cGtu{tsf sfof{noxdf Ifltk"lt{;lxtsf] gful/s a8fkq nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . ;/sf/L
sfof{noxdf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]udf lj:tf/ ul/Psf] 5 . lglZrt cjlwleq ;a}sf] nflu
tflndsf] Joj:yf ldnfpgsf cltl/Qm ljleGg tflnd k|bfo ;+:yfxaf6 k|bfg ul/g] tflndnfO{
;d;fdlos / Jofjxfl/s agfpg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;+ljwfgn] Joj:Yff u/]sf k|zf;lgs k'g;{+/rgfsf sfo{xnfO{ k|efjsf/L kdf ;~rfng
ub}{ ;\qmd0fsfnsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg u/L hgtfsf 3/b}nf]df ;fj{hlgs ;]jfk|jfxsf]
;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug{', cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo ug{' / cfjZos ;fwg ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ug'{,
hg;xeflutf, kf/blz{tf tyf hjfkmb]lxtf a9fpg', ;du| ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gsf] g}ltstfsf]
clej[l4 u/L pTk|]/0ff a9fpg', ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] k|jfxNffO{ ;xh / k|efjsf/L agfpg', ;fj{hlgs
;]jfdf /x]sf /fi6;]jsxdf /fi6k|lt ;dk{0f / hgtfk|ltsf] ;]jfefjsf] efjgf hufpg'h:tf
r'gf}tLx /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
;fj{hlgs k|zf;gnfO{ :jR5, lg:kIf, kf/bzL{, e|i6frf/d'Qm, hgpQ/bfoL / ;xeflutfd"ns
agfpFb} /fHoaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jf ;'ljwfdf hgtfsf] ;dfg / ;xh kx'Fr ;'lglZrt u/L ;'zf;gsf]
Joj:yf ug]{ eGg] ;+ljwfgsf] Joj:yf, ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf ;'Zff;g k|j4{g ug]{ ljleGg
P]glgodxsf] Joj:yf tyf ;]jf k|jfxdf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] a9\bf] k|of]u cj;/sf kdf /x]sf
5g\ .

ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g | 205


#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
hgd'vL, :jR5, hjfkmb]xL ;\3Lo zf;g Joj:yf .
#=@ nIo
;Dk"0f{ ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gnfO{ hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL / ;]jfd"ns tyf ljsf;d}qL agfpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
;fj{hlgs k|zf;gnfO{ :jR5, kl/0ffdd'vL, hjfkmb]xL / kf/bzL{ agfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfk|jfx
/ ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ;fj{hlgs ;]jfxnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Frof]Uo agfpg tLg txsf] zf;g
k4ltcg'k xfnsf] k|zf;g oGqsf] k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ .
@= ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf sfd sf/afxL;DaGwL ;"rgfdf gful/ssf] kx'Fr a9fpg] .
#= /fi6;]jsxnfO{ sfdk|lt kl/0ffdd'vL / pQ/bfoL agfpg] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;\3Lo k|0ffnLcg'k k|zf;g ;+oGqsf] k'g;{+/rgf ul/g]5 . -!_
@= ;fj{hlgs ;]jfk|jfxnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo, ;dfj]zL Pjd\ ;xh agfpg ljB'tLo zf;g
k|0ffnLsf] cjnDag u/L k|zf;lgs sfo{ljlwnfO{ ;/nLs/0f / ;\If]kLs/0f
ul/g]5 . -!_
#= cTofjZos ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] kx'Frdf sl7gfO ef]lu/x]sf hgtfnfO{ ;]jf k'ofpg
PsLs[t 3'DtL ;]jfnfO{ Jofks / k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -!_
$= ;]jfk|jfxnfO{ hgd'vL / ;]jfd"ns agfpg Ifltk"lt{;lxtsf] a8fkq qmdzM sfof{Gjog
ul/g]5 . -!_
%= hgu'gf;f]sf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .-!_
^= hgtfsf k|ToIf ;/f]sf/sf ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf /x]sf ;"rgfdf
sfg'gadf]lhd gful/ssf] kx'Fr clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -@_
&= cfof]hgfsf] nIo, ;d]6]sf] ef}uf]lns If]q, nfeflGjt x'g] hg;\Vof, lgdf{0f Joj;foL /
lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/L, nfut, lgdf{0f ;DkGGf x'g] ;do cflb
dxjk"0f{ ;"rgf;lxtsf] ;"rgfkf6L cfof]hgf:yndf /fVg] Joj:yfnfO{ clgjfo{
agfOg]5 . -@_

206 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


*= ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lsf] lhDd]jf/L / st{JonfO{ hjfkmb]xLk"0f{ agfpg
;"rs;lxt sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf ug}{kg]{ sfg'gL Joj:yfnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L
agfOg]5 . -#_
(= e|i6frf/ lj4sf] cGt/f{li6o dxf;lGwdfkm{t\ JoQm ul/Psf k|lta4tfcg'k x'g]u/L
e|i6frf/hGo lqmofsnfkxsf] cGTo u/L z"Go ;xgzLntfsf] gLlt c\uLsf/ ul/g]5 .
;fy}, ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/LxnfO{ yk lhDd]jf/ agfOg]5 . -#_
!)= ;/sf/L sd{rf/L tyf pgLxsf cfl>t kl/jf/sf] nflu b'3{6gf / :jf:Yo ladf nfu"
ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgcg'ksf] k|zf;lgs k'g;+{/rgfsf nflu cTofjZos P]gx th{'df ePsf
x'g], lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx tyf pgLxsf cfl>t kl/jf/sf] :jf:Yo tyf b'3{6gf ladf nfu" ePsf]
x'g] / ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/f/f ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gnfO{ ljB'tLo zf;g k|0ffnLsf]
kdf cl3 a9fO{ ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{noxdf :jrflnt sfo{k|0ffnLsf] lj:tf/ ePsf] x'g]5 . ;fy},
k|:tfljt sfo{qmdxsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 ;]jf k|jfx k|0ffnLsf] :t/f]Gglt ePsf] x'g], Go"g nfut,
pRr u'0f:t/ / ;/n kxF'rsf] ;'lgZrttf ePsf] x'g] / ;a} ;/sf/L /fi6;]jsx Pjd\ ;/sf/L
lgsfoxsf] :ki6 lhDd]jf/L tyf pQ/bfloTj ls6fg ePsf] x'g]5 .

&=$=@ Gofo Joj:yf


!= k[i7e"ld
nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnLsf] lbuf] cfwf/ Gofosf] ;'lglZrttf xf] . hgtfsf] ^ bzseGbf
nfdf] cys ;\3if{sf] kl/0ffd:jk ev{/} k|fKt ePsf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] Gofo Joj:yfsf]
cfwf/e"t vfsf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgk|bQ df}lns xssf] ;+/If0f u/L hgtfdf Gofo
;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu s]jn ;+ljwfgdf xsx pb\3f]if u/]/dfq k'Ub}g, Goflos k2ltsf]
k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] ;'lglZrttf x'g}kb{5 . Gofo Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogaf6 dfq
;+j}wflgs Joj:yfn] kl/sNkgf u/]cg'ksf] sfg'gsf] zf;g, df}lns xs / dfgj clwsf/sf]
;+/If0f / k|j4{g tyf zflGt, ;'zf;g / ljsf;sf dfWodaf6 /fli6o hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf Gofok"0f{
Joj:yf sfod ug{ ;Dej x'G5 .
rfn" of]hgf cjlwdf b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtf ljw]os Joj:yflksf ;+;b\df k]z ul/Psf],
ljBdfg sfg'gnfO{ ;dfj]zL / n}l\sd}qL agfpg ljleGg sfg'gx ;+zf]wg ul/Psf, sfg'gL
lzIff ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf], jlsnxdf Jofj;flos bIftfsf] ljsf;, ef}lts
k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0f, Goflos sfd sf/afxLdf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] lj:tf/, afnGofo k|0ffnLnfO{
k|efjsf/L agfpg]tkm{ ;+:yfut tyf sfo{ljlwdf ;'wf/Hf:tf sfo{x ePsf 5g\ . ;d:t Gofo

ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g | 207


k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/lagf ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog / b]zsf] ;du| ljsf; x'g g;Sg] ePsfn]
Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ ljsf;sf] d]b08sf] kdf :yflkt ug'{ h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
/fHosf txx s]Gb|Lo, k|b]z / :yfgLo u/L tLg tx x'g] ePsf]n] :yfgLo tx;Dd g} Gofo
k|zf;g ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ s'/f ;+j}wflgs kdf kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] / To;cg';f/ ;a} txdf
hgzlQmsf] kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg ug'{, ePsf ef}lts ;+/rgfx ufEg], vf/]h ug]{, k'glg{df{0f
tyf gofF lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ / ;dfhdf b]lvg] ljjfb ;dfwfgsf nflu j}slNks pkfox
cfjZos kdf cjnDag ug'{, d'2fxsf] rfkdf j[l4 / To;sf] ;xL Joj:yfkg ug{{', cfsng
aflx/sf kmf}hbf/L ck/fw If]qdf cfPsf gofFgofF of]hgfx / To;sf] ;dfwfg ug'{, km};nf
sfof{Gjog ug'{ / Gofo k|zf;gdf ;dlk{t hgzlQmxsf] ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff, ;'ljwf tyf pTk|]/0ff
hufpg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug'{h:tf ljifox r'gf}tLxsf] kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
jt{dfg g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] sfg'gL zf;g, dfgj clwsf/ tyf ;dfj]zLo'Qm ;fd"lxs efjgf
ufFl;Psf] Gofo k|zf;gsf] ljsf;nfO{ gofF 9\un] Jojl:yt u/]sf]df /fHosf] k'g;+{/rgfaf6
k|zfl;t x'g] Gofo k|zf;gn] w]/} ;Defjgfx af]s]sf] cj:yf 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
:jtGq, ;Ifd, :jR5, lg:kIf Pjd\ k|efjsf/L Gofok|0ffnLdfkm{t\ ;a}sf nflu Gofo .
#=@ nIo
gful/ssf] hLp, wg, ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0f u/L sfg'gsf] zf;g, df}lns xs /
dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{g tyf ;fdflhs Gofosf] dfWodaf6 /fli6o hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf
Gofok"0f{ Joj:yf sfod ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ l56f], 5l/tf], ;j{;'ne, ldtJooL, lgZkIf, k|efjsf/L / hgpQ/bfoL
agfpg' .
@= ;a}sf nflu Gofo ;'lglZrt ug{ Gofodf ;xh kx'Fr sfod u/fpg' .
#= :jtGq / lgikIf Gofosf] l;4fGtnfO{ s'l07t agfpg] u/L /fhgLlts, k|zf;lgs,
;Dk"0f{ Gofo k|zf;g / ;dflhs If]qaf6 x'g] lj;\ult / clgoldttfsf] u'gf;f]nfO{
Go"gLs/0f ug]{ pkfox cjnDag u/L e|i6frf/d'Qm sfg'gL /fHosf] :yfkgfy{ cu|;/tf
b]vfpg' .

208 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


#=$ /0fgLlt
!= Goflos k4ltdf ;'wf/ NofO{ Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug]{ .
@= Goflos k|lqmofnfO{ ;/n, em0em6d'Qm / cg'dfgof]Uo agfpFb} Gofok|0ffnLdf ;a}sf]
kx'Fr k'ofpg] .
#= ;dfj]zL nf]stflGqs d"NodfGotfcg'ksf] ;Ifd Gofo k|zf;gsf] ljsf; u/L gful/s
pGd'v sfg'gL zf;g sfod ug'{sf ;fy} dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f ug]{ .
$= ;dfhdf ePsf / x'g;Sg] ljjfbxnfO{ k|f/lDes r/0fd} :yfoL ;dfwfg ug{ ljjfb
;dfwfgsf j}slNks pkfoxnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
%= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] kl/sNkgf u/]cg'k :yfgLotx;Dd Goflos Joj:yfsf] ;+/rgf
tof/ u/L Gofok|0ffnLsf] k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L sfg'g ;+lxtfx zL3| kfl/t u/L k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog
ul/g]5 . -!_
@= cbfnt Joj:yfkg ;'\b[9Ls/0f ub}{ ;"rgf / ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] k|of]unfO{ ;+:yfut
ul/g]5 . -!_
#= Gofodf ;xh kx'Fr clej[l4sf] nflu cfjZos sfg'gL k"jf{wf/x tof/ u/L k|efjsf/L
kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -!_
$= gful/ssf df}lns xsxsf] k|efjsf/L ;+/If0f / k|rngsf nflu g]kfn kIf ePsf
cGt/f{li6o ;lGw;Demf}tfcg'ksf sfg'gL Joj:yf l;h{gf ug{ Gofo k|zf;g;Fu
;DalGwt sfg'gxsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g]5 . -!_
%= ck/fw cg';Gwfg / cleof]hgfnfO{ :jR5, lgikIf, j}1flgs, j:t'ut / k|efjsf/L
agfpg ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f u/L Jofj;flos hgzlQmsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
^= ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nosf] /0fgLlts of]hgf k|efjsf/L kdf
sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -!_
&= ;dfhdf cgfjZos kdf d'2fdfldnf ug]{ k|j[lQnfO{ lgT;flxt u/L
;/f]sf/jfnfxnfO{ pQ/bfloTjsf] af]w u/fpg d'2fdfldnfdf nfUg] vr{nfO{ kf/bzL{
u/fpg] / lhTg] kIfnfO{ xfg]{ kIfaf6 nfu]sf] vr{ e/fpg] k4ltsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_
*= km};nf sfof{Gjog k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;DalGwt lgsfoxnfO{ lhDd]jf/
agfOg]5 . -@_
(= ul/a, c;xfo tyf lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfosf JolQmxsf] Gofodf ;xh kx'Fr ;'lglZrt
ug{ /0fgLlt tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ul/g['sf ;fy} ;f]sf nflu cfjZos ;fwg Joj:yf
u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -@_

ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g | 209


!)= ;dfj]zL nf]stflGqs d"NodfGotfcg'ksf] ;Ifd Gofo k|zf;gsf] ljsf; u/L gful/s
pGd'v sfg'gL zf;g sfod ug'{sf ;fy} dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f ul/g]5 . -#_
!!= Gofofnodf sfo{af]emsf] cg'kftdf cfjZos hgzlQm pknAw u/fO{ Gofo k|zf;gnfO{
Jofj;flos kdf bIf agfpg Gofo;]jfnfO{ k|lt:kwf{Tds / cfsif{s x'g] ljleGg
sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= d]nldnfk k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'sf ;fy} ljjfb ;dfwfgsf cGo j}slNks
pkfoxsf] k|efjsf/L k|of]usf] nflu cfjZos of]hgfx to ul/g]5 . -$_
!#= sfg'gL lzIff tyf ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -$_
!$= cbfntxsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; u/L cfw'lgs dfkb08cg'k t'NofOg]5 . -%_
!%= :yfgLotx;Dd Goflos Joj:yfsf] ;+/rgf tof/ u/L Gofok|0ffnLsf] k'g;+{/rgf
ul/g]5 . -%_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
sfg'gL zf;g tyf sfg'gL /fHosf] :yfkgfy{ zflGt tyf ljsf;sf] d"nk|jfxLs/0f u/L
gful/ssf] df}lns xsclwsf/ / dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ul/Psf] x'g], Gofo k|zf;gsf]
k'g;+{/rgfdfkm{t\ cfw'lgsLs/0f eO{ ;do;fk]If Goflos k4ltdf ;'wf/ cfO{ ;Dk"0f{ Gofo k|zf;g
l56f]5l/tf] tyf :jR5 ePsf] x'g], Gofo Joj:yfk|lt gful/ssf] hgljZjf; / hgcf:yf a9]sf] x'g]
/ ;a} gful/s sfg'gsf] kl/lwleq x'g'kg]{ st{Joaf]w ePsf] x'g]5 .
&=$=# e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f
!= k[i7e"ld
;/sf/L sfo{k|0ffnLdf hgck]Iffcg'ksf] ;'wf/ ub}{ hgtfdf k|jflxt x'g] j:t' / ;]jf
kf/bzL{, pQ/bfoL, hgd'vL / sfg'g;Ddt kdf ;xh / ;/n tl/sfn] pknAw u/fO{ ;a} tx /
ksf e|i6frf/ Pjd\ clgoldttfnfO{ lgoGq0f u/L ;bfrf/o'Qm, g}ltsjfg Pjd\ ;';+:s[t g]kfnL
;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ug'{k/]sf] 5 . g]kfn kIf/fi6 ag]sf] e|i6frf/ lj4sf]
;+o'Qm /fi6 ;\3Lo dxf;lGwn] ;b:o /fi6xsf] sfg'g, ;\u7g / Jojxf/df c;/ kfg]{u/L
Jofks / lj:t[t kdf e|i6frf/ lj4 pko'St ljlw cjnDag ug]{ / ;f] ljlwcGtu{t e|i6frf/
lg/f]w, sfg'g sfof{Gjog, cGt/f{li6o ;xof]u, ;DklQsf] k'gk|f{lKt, k|fljlws ;xof]u / ;"rgf
cfbfgk|bfg tyf sfof{Gjog;DaGwL ;+oGqnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . kIf /fi6 ag]kl5
dxf;lGwn] l;h{gf u/]sf bfloTj k"/f ug{ g]kfn ;b}j k|lta4 /x]sf] 5 .
rfn" of]hgfsf] ;dLIff cjlwdf ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf x'g] e|i6frf/hGo lqmofsnfk,
clgoldttf, l9nf;':tL tyf clg0f{oh:tf ljs[ltxsf] lg/fs/0f ug{ clVtof/ b'kof]u
cg';Gwfg cfof]un] ;]jfu|fxL, gful/s ;dfh, ;~rf/ hut tyf cfd hg;d'bfo;Fu oyfy{k/s
;"rgf, hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpgsf nflu 6]lnkmf]g, ofS;, Od]n / 6f]nlk|m gDa/sf] Joj:yf

210 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg lhNnfdf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fdf :yfgLo hg;xeflutf ljifos cGtlq{mof tyf
hgr]tgfd"ns ;fd'bflos lzIff sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf 5g\ .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
e|i6frf/nfO{ ;fdflhs ck/fwsf] kdf :yflkt ug'{, e|i6frf/hGo ck/fwn] gofFgofF :jk
/ cfofd lnFb} uPsf]df ;f]cg'ksf] cg';Gwfg / txlssft;DaGwL Ifdtf ljsf; ug{',
e|i6frf/sf] ph'/L lbg], ;fIfL a:g] JolQm tyf cleof]hg ug]{ sd{rf/Lxsf] plrt ;+/If0f ug'{,
bIf hgzlStsf] sdL /xg' cflb r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
e|i6frf/ lj4sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6 ;\3Lo dxf;lGwnfO{ g]kfnn] cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf], e|i6frf/
lj4sf sfg'gL ;+/rgfx t'ngfTds kdf ;Ifd ePsf], e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf nflu gful/s
;dfh tyf ;~rf/ hutnufot ;fdflhs ;~hfnxsf] alnof] ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ /x]sf],
e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf nflu cGt/f{li6o ;xof]u, ;xsfo{ / ;dGjosf ;fy} clVtof/ b'kof]u
cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] If]qLo / ;Dks{ sfof{noxsf] :yfkgfn] e|i6frf/ lj4sf] cleofgnfO{
k|efjsf/L kdf cufl8 a9fpg] cj;/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
e|i6frf/hGo lqmofsnfksf] lgoGq0f u/L :jR5 ;dfh lgdf{0f .
#=@ nIo
e|i6frf/hGo sfo{sf] z"Go ;xgzLntfsf] gLltdfkm{t\ ;'zf;g k|j4{g ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
e|i6frf/hGo lqmofsnfksf] lgoGq0f u/L ;'zf;g sfod ug{ ;xof]u ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ;a} e|i6frf/hGo sfdsf/afxL ck/fw x'g] sfg'gL Joj:yf u/L ;f]sf] sfof{Gjogsf]
dfWodaf6 To:tf] e|i6frf/hGo sfddf z"Go ;xgzLntfsf] gLlt cjnDag ug]{ .
@= e|i6frf/ lj4sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6 ;\3Lo dxf;lGwsf] sfof{Gjog ub}{ lgjf/0ffTds pkfo
cjnDag u/L e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f ug]{ .
#= e|i6frf/;Fu ;DalGwt kmf}hbf/L ljifo, ;k'b{uL / kfl/:kl/s sfg'gL ;xof]usf nflu
kIf /fi6xaLrsf] ;xof]unfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ .
$= e|i6frf/ lgjf/0fsf nflu k|fljlws ;xfotf / ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf]
Joj:yfnfO{ oyf;Dej sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g | 211


#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;'zf;g;DaGwL ljBdfg sfg'gsfo{ljlwxdf ;fdlos kl/dfh{g;+zf]wg u/L
sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -!_
@= ;/sf/n] lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] e|i6frf/ lj4sf] /fli6o /0fgLlt tyf
lgsfout sfo{of]hgfsf] cfjlws sfo{k|ultsf] cg'udg;lxt o;nfO{ ;d;fdlos
kl/dfh{g ul/g]5 . -!_
#= e|i6frf/hGo ck/fwsf] cg';Gwfg, txlssft / cleof]hg;d]tsf r/0fxdf cfjZos
kg]{ 1fg, ;Lk / cGt/f{li6o c;n cEof;xsf] a9LeGbf a9L pkof]u ug]{u/L lgofds
lgsfosf hgzlQmnfO{ Ifdtfo'Qm agfOg]5 . -!_
$= e|i6frf/ lj4 cfjfh / hgdt l;h{gf ug]{ gful/s ;dfhu}/;/sf/L ;+:yf Pjd\
;fd'bflos ;+:yf / ;~rf/ If]qaf6 ePsf ;Tk|of;sf] plrt sb/;lxt ;Ddfg ug]{u/L
sfg'gdf ljz]if Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -!_
%= ;DklQ ;'4Ls/0f sfo{nfO{ b'T;fxg ug{ df}h'bf sfg'gnfO{ yk sfo{d'vL agfOg]5 .
o;pk/ sf/afxL ug]{ lgofds lgsfoxnfO{ cfjZos >f]t;fwgo'Qm / lqmofzLn
t'NofOg]5 . -!_
^= e|i6frf/ lj4sf] /fi6 ;\3Lo dxf;lGwn] Joj:yf u/]sf cj;/ tyf bfloTj lgjf{x
ug]{u/L /fli6o sfg'gnfO{ ;d;fdlos kl/dfh{gJoj:yf;lxt sfof{Gogdf
NofOg]5 . -@_
&= e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fGo"gLs/0fdf lqmofzLn ;+:yfxsf ;fy} ;'zf;g sfod ug{
lqmofzLn ;fj{hlgs lgodgsf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ lglZrt sfo{of]hgf;lxt
sfo{;Dkfbgsf] dfkg ug]{u/L kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -@_
*= e|i6frf/;Fu ;DalGwt kmf}hbf/L ljifo, ;DklQ lkmtf{;DaGwL sfg'g lgdf{0f, ;'k'b{uL /
kfl/:kl/s sfg'gL ;xof]usf nflu kIf /fi6xaLrsf] ;xof]unfO{ k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -#_
(= e|i6frf/ lgjf/0fsf nflu k|fljlws ;xfotf / ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf]
Joj:yfnfO{ oyf;Dej sfof{Gjog ub}{ nlug]5 . -$_
!)= ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f / ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ lgsfonfO{ Jojl:yt, k|lt:kwL{, kf/bzL{
/ pQ/bfoL agfOg]5 . -$_
!!= e|i6frf/hGo s;'/, ck/fw / k|zf;lgs cg'lrt sfo{sf] cg';Gwfg tyf 5fglagsf
qmddf cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo Pjd\ ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfgnfO{ ;3g / k|efjsf/L agfO{
ul/g] sf/afxLnfO{ e/kbf]{, ljZj;gLo / k|dfl0ftof]Uo t'NofOg]5 . -$_
!@= ;a} ;]jfsf /fi6;]js sd{rf/LxnfO{ cfcfgf Jofj;flos lgi7f;lxt sfo{:yndf
;fbfhLjg / ;xof]uL Jojxf/;lxt ;]jfu|fxLd}qL ;]jf k|jfx ug{ k|]l/t u/L ;f]sf]
cg'udg ul/g]5 . -$_

212 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


$= ck]lIft pknlAw
e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fdf cfk;L ;xof]u / ;xsfo{sf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], e|i6frf/
lj4 lgof]lht kdf cleofg ;~rfng eO{ o;sf ;a} ;f/, k / /\usf] lgoGq0f ePsf] x'g],
;/sf/sf] e|i6frf/ lj4sf] z"Go ;xgzLntfsf] gLltnfO{ an ldn]sf] x'g], e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf]
va/bf/Ldf gful/s ;dfhu}/;/sf/L ;+:yf Pjd\ ;fd'bflos ;+:yf;Fu ;xsfo{ j[l4 ePsf] x'g] /
e|i6frf/ lj4sf] sf/afxLdf cfjZos ;dGjo PJf+ ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfgdf k|efjsfl/tf cfPsf]
x'g]5 .

&=$=$ ;'/Iff Joj:yf


!= k[i7e"ld
k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff k|aGw ;'zf;g / ljsf;sf] k"j{zt{ xf] . d'n'sdf zflGt ;'/Iff / ;'Joj:yf
sfod u/L hgtfsf] lhp, wg / :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0f ug{, zflGtk"j{s afFRg kfpg] clwsf/
;'lglZrt ug{ / pRr, km/flsnf] / ;dfj]zL cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu ;d]t k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff
Joj:yf x'g cfjZos 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;'/Iff lgsfoxsf]] cfw'lgsLs/0f ug''{, e/kbf]{ ;"rgf ;~hfnsf] Joj:yf ug'{, v'nf
;Ldfgfsf] sf/0f x'g] ;fgf tyf cj}B xltof/sf] k|of]u lgoGq0f ug'{, ;/sf/L Pjd\ ;fj{hlgs
;DklQsf] a9\bf] cltqmd0f /f]Sg', oy]i7 ;fwg;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ug'{, ;'/Iffsf] nflu lhDd]jf/
lgsfoxaLrsf] ;dGjo sfod ug'{ tyf dfgj a]rlavg /f]Sg'h:tf r'gf}tLx /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
;'/Iff lgsfoxsf ;+/rgfxsf] d'n'se/ lj:tf/, hgr]tgfdf cfPsf] ;'wf/, cg';Gwfg
k|ljlw Pjd\ ;"rgf k|ljlwdf ePsf] ljsf; / ;~rf/ ;'ljwfsf] tLj| lj:tf/ o; If]qsf cj;/
x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
gful/s :jtGqtf, ljlwsf] ;fzg / dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fdfkm{t\ zfGt / ;'/lIft ;dfh
lgdf{0f .
#=@ nIo
b]zdf e/kbf]{ zflGt ;'/Iff / ;'Joj:yf sfod ug]{ .

ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g | 213


#=# p2]Zo
!= d'n'sdf zflGt, ;'Joj:yf / cdgrog sfod u/L hgtfsf] lhp, wg / :jtGqtfsf]
;+/If0f ug'{ .
@= gful/s ;'/Iff / ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] nflu pko'Qm k|ljlw / k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf /
ljsf; ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= gful/ssf] lhp, wg, :jtGqtf tyf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff ug{sf] lglDt gLltut
Joj:yf u/L ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ cfw'lgs, Jofj;flos tyf ;fwg;|f]t ;DkGg agfpg] .
@ ;'/Iff k|zf;gdf ljlwsf] zf;gnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /fvL hgtfnfO{ ;'zf;gsf]
k|Tofe"lt lbg] .
#= dfgj a]rlavg, ck/fw lgoGq0f tyf nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f ug]{ .
$= ljkb\ Joj:yfkg sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= gful/s ;'/Iffsf nflu lghfdtL lgsfo, g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an / /fli6o
cg';Gwfg ljefunfO{ ;dGjofTds kdf kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
@= clt ;+j]bgzLn Pjd\ dxjk"0f{ k|lti7fg tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ljz]if ;'/Iff k|aGw
ldnfOg]5 . -!_
#= g]kfnsf] k//fi6 gLltcg'k ;+o'Qm /fi6;\3sf] a8fkq, k~rzLnsf] l;4fGt / /fi6sf]
:jfwLgtf, /fli6o cv08tf / ;du| ;d[l4;Fu cfa4 x'g]u/L k|lt/Iff s"6gLltnfO{
k|j4{g ub}{ nlug]5 . -!_
$= /fli6o ;'/Iff gLlt qmdzM nfu" ul/g]5 . k|lt/Iffnufot cfGtl/s ;'/Iffsf If]qut
gLltx th{'df u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . -!_
%= b]zsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6o Pstf, :jfwLgtf,
:jfledfg, ;fdflhs ;b\efjnfO{ cIf'0f /fVg /Iff dGqfno, g]kfnL ;]gf / /fli6o
;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] ;\u7gfTds :jknfO{ ;\3Lotf cg's"n x'g]u/L k'g;{+/rgf ul/g'sf
;fy} ;fwg / >f]tn] ;DkGg t'NofOg]5 . -!_
^= ;fd'bflos ;'/Iffdf ljz]if hf]8 lbOg] tyf ;''/Iff lgsfonfO{ hgd}qL agfOg]5 . -@_
&= ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f k|0ffnLnfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;~hfndf cfa4 u/L ;'/Iff k|0ffnLnfO{ k|ljlwo'Qm
agfOg]5 . -@_
*= ck/fw lgoGq0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug] gofF k|ljlwnfO{ k|of]udf NofOg]5 . -@_
(= d'n'ssf] /fli6o lxtcg'k /fli6o ;'/Iff gLlt, k|lt/Iff gLlt, /fli6o ;'/Iff;DaGwL
sfg'g lgdf{0f u/L k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -@_

214 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


!)= b]zsf] o'jfzlQmnfO{ /fi6k|lt ;dlk{t, g}ltsjfg, b]zeQm tyf cg'zfl;t agfpg
/fli6o ;]jf bnsf] Ifdtf j[l4 u/L tflnd sfo{qmdsf] lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= nfu" cf}ifwsf] cj}B pTkfbg, laqmLljt/0f Pjd\ cf];f/k;f/nfO{ s8fOsf ;fy lgoGq0f
ul/g]5 . -#_
!@= dfgj a]rlavgh:tf] cdfgjLo sfo{nfO{ lgoGq0f ul/g]5 . -#_
!#= dfgj clwsf/ pNn\3gstf{nfO{ sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf NofO{ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f /
;+j4{g ul/g]5 . -#_
!$= ljkb\sf] cj:yfdf tTsfn vf]h, p4f/ / /fxt ljt/0f ug{ tflnd k|fKt bIf hgzlSt
tof/ ug'{sf ;fy} If]qLo txdf cfktsfnLg p2f/sf nflu uf]bfd :yfkgf ul/g]5 . -$_
!%= ;a} k|sf/sf k|fs[lts tyf dfgjLo hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] xjfO{ tyf
hldgL kl/jxg ;'ljwf, cf}hf/ tyf pks/0f, tflnd tyf k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yf tyf
cGt/f{li6o cg'ejsf] cfbfgk|bfg / ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] dfWodf/f ljkb\
Joj:yfkg Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -$_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf ;a} ljifout If]qdf d"nk|jfxLs/0f ePsf] x'g], IfltnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{
k"j{tof/L tyf k|ltsfo{ Ifdtf clej[l4 ePsf] x'g], ;'/Iff lgsfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tyf ;\u7g
;'b[9Ls/0f eO{ hgtfdf sfg'g sfof{Gjogsf] k|efjsfl/tf tyf b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ePsf] x'g] /
ck/fwsf 36gfxsf] Go"gLs/0f tyf ;fdflhs zflGt sfod ePsf] x'g]5 .

&=$=% hg;xeflutf
!= k[i7e"ld
hgtf;Fu k|ToIf kdf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljsf; k|lqmofxdf hgtfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf
cfjZos x'G5 . ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] th'{dfsf] r/0fdf dfq} geP/ sfof{Gjog / cg'udg tyf
d"Nof\sgsf r/0fxdf ;d]t hg;xeflutf x'g'kb{5 . xfn;Ddsf kxnxaf6 ljleGg k|sf/sf
;fd'bflos ;+:yfxdfkm{t\ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf ;fy} ;d'bfosf] ljsf;df hgtf k|ToIf kdf
;xefuL xF'b} cfPsf 5g\ . cfly{s ultljlwx :jtGq kdf ;~rfng ug{, ;fdflhs hLjgsf
ljleGg kIfxdf ;+nUg x'g / tNnf] txb]lv /fli6o:t/;Ddsf ;/sf/x r'Gg] / kl/jt{g
ug{;d]t hgtf ;Ifd x'g' cfjZos 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
hgtfdfkm{t\ ;~rflnt x'g] cfof]hgfxdf hjfkmb]lxtf sdhf]/ x'g', ljsf; lgdf{0fdf
hg;xeflutfsf] gfpFdf 7]s]bf/L k|yf a9\b} hfg', ljsf; lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg ;fd'bflos ;+:yfxaLr

ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g | 215


:j:y k|lt:kwf{ tyf ;dGjosf] sdL x'g', :yfgLo lgsfox nfdf] ;do;Dd hgk|ltlglwljxLg
x'g', hg;xeflutfnfO{ kmnbfoL agfpg g;lsg' cflb o; If]qsf r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
b]zsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;xefuL ePsf ;fd'bflos tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx
/ ufpF tyf 6f]n ;'wf/ tyf ljsf; ;ldltxsf] ;\Vof pNn]Vo kdf j[l4 ePsf],
:yfgLo:t/sf ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf sfo{qmdxdf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf a9\b} uPsf],
cfcfgf] If]qdf u/]sf] ljsf; sfo{qmd / k'ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] cfwf/df ljleGg txdf
hgk|ltlglwx rog x'g] cj:yf ePsf] cflb sf/0fn] ljleGg If]qsf] ljsf;df hg;xeflutf
clej[l4 ug]{ cj;/ l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
/fi6 lgdf{0fsf nflu ljsf; k|lqmofdf cy{k"0f{ hg;xeflutf clej[l4 .
#=@ nIo
cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts ljsf; k|lqmofdf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts ljsf; k|lqmofsf ljleGg r/0fxdf gful/ssf] cy{k"0f{
;xeflutf clej[l4 ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ljsf:f lgdf{0fsf x/]s r/0f / ;]jf k|jfxdf hg;xeflutf k|j4{g ug]{ .
@= :yfgLo:t/df sfo{/t ;fd'bflos tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .
#= gful/s;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{qmd / lgjf{rgnufotsf
;fj{hlgs dxjsf lqmofsnfkdf gful/sxsf] e"ldsf a9fpg] . .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf ;]jf k|jfxdf gful/sxsf] e"ldsf af/]df
hgr]tgf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -!_
@= :yfgLo:t/df ;~rfng x'g] ljsf; sfo{qmdcfof]hgfsf] th'{dfsf] r/0fb]lv
sfof{Gjog / cg'udg tyf d"Nof\sgsf r/0f;Dd hgtfnfO{ ;xefuL agfOg]5 . -!_
#= ljleGg If]qxaf6 hgtfdf k|jfx x'g] ;]jfxnfO{ ;xh, e/kbf]{ / kf/bzL{ agfpg
hg;xeflutf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -!_

216 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


$= ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;fdfhsf cu'jf, ;fdflhs cleoGtf,
;fdflhs kl/rfnsx, ;fd'bflos tyf u}/;/sf/L :f+:yfxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4
ul/g]5 . -@_
%= pkef]Qmf ;ldlt / ltgsf lqmofsnfknfO{ kf/bzL{ agfOg]5 . -@_
^= ;fj{hlgs dxjsf lqmofsnfkdf gful/s ;r]tgf hufpg /fHo ;~rfngdf x'g'kg]{
gful/sxsf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df hgtfdf ;r]tgf hufO{ ljleGg txsf] lgjf{rg
k|lqmofdf ;lqmo kdf ;xefuL aGg pTk|]l/t ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
:yfgLo:t/df ;~rfng x'g] ljsf; sfo{qmdcfof]hgfsf] ljleGg r/0fxdf hgtfsf]
;xeflutf ePsf] x'g], ;fd'bflos tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ePsf] x'g] / ljleGg
txsf] lgjf{rg k|lqmofdf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

&=% ljQLo ;'zf;g


!= k[i7e"ld
k|efjsf/L ljQLo Joj:yfkgdfkm{t\ ;fj{hlgs >f]tsf] bIf Pjd\ ;jf]{Qd kl/rfng, To;sf]
n]vf\sg, k|ltj]bg tyf n]vfk/LIf0fdfkm{t\ ljQLo Joj:yfkgdf kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtf clej[l4
u/L e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f / ;bfrf/ k|j4{g ub}{ hg;fwf/0fnfO{ ljQLo z';f;gsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg'
;/sf/sf] bfloTj xf] . ;fj{hlgs ljQLo Joj:yfkgnfO{ kf/bzL{ / hjfkmb]xL agfpg, /fHosf]
;fj{hlgs vr{ / ;fj{hlgs cfosf] cBfjlws l:yltsf] n]vf\sg tyf k|ltj]bg k|0ffnLnfO{
lgoldt / Psktf sfod u/L k|efjsf/L agfpFb} n}hfgsf nflu ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t
ljQLo Joj:yfkgsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbFb} Psn vftfsf]if k|0ffnL / /fh:j Joj:yfkg ;"rgf
k|0ffnLxsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] kf/blz{tf clej[l4 ug{ ;/sf/L lgsfosf
sfo{qmd tyf vr{xnfO{ ;fj{hlgsLs/0f ug]{ k4ltsf] ;d]t ljsf; ePsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
ah]6 cg'dfg sfo{qmddf cfwfl/t tyf oyfy{k/s agfpg', ;dod} sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/L
jflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug{', ;dodf 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t ug'{, rfn" vr{sf] dfqfTds j[l4 sd u/L
k'FhLut vr{ j[l4 ug'{, cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f tyf lgoGq0f k|0ffnL ;'b[9Ls/0f ug'{, clGtd
n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ j:t'ut agfpg', a]h'sf] dfqf 36fO{ a]h' g} gx'g]u/L vr{ Joj:yfkg ug'{h:tf
r'gf}tLx /x]sf 5g\ . ;fy}, vl/b sfo{nfO{ ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]gsf] dd{cg'k ldtJooL /
k|lt:kwL{ agfpFb} nuL cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf dfq cTolws vr{ ug{] k|j[lQdf /f]s nufpg' /
;/sf/L n]vfk|0ffnLnfO{ gubdf cfwfl/t k|0ffnLaf6 qmdzM k|f]befjL k|0ffnLdf kfGt/ ub}{
cGt/f{li6o:t/sf] kdf ljsf; ug'{ yk r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .

ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g | 217


cj;/
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg k|To]s jif{ h]7 dlxgfsf] !% ut] ;\3Lo ;+;b\df
k]z ug'{kg]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf, ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t ljQLo Joj:yfkgsf] nflu Psn
vftfsf]if k|0ffnL, dGqfnout ah]6 ;"rgf k|0ffnL / /fh:j Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;,
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljQLo k|ltj]bg k|0ffnLnfO{ cGt/f{li6o:t/sf] agfpg IPSAS sf] cfwf/df
NPSAS tof/ u/L ;f]cg';f/sf] k|ltj]bg k|0ffnL, ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] kf/blz{tf clej[l4 ug{
e'QmfgL x'g] lanxsf] ;fj{hlgsLs/0f ;fy} dxfn]vf k/LIfs, ;+:fbLo ;ldlt, clVtof/ b'kof]u
cg';Gwfg cfof]u, ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{noh:tf lgofds lgsfosf] a9\b} uPsf]
;lqmotf ljQLo ;'zf;g k|j4{gsf nflu cj;/sf kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
ljQLo ;'zf;gdfkm{t\ k|efjsf/L ;fj{hlgs ljQLo Joj:yfkg .
#=@ nIo
;fj{hlgs cfo / vr{nfO{ Jojl:yt, kf/bzL{ / cg'dfgof]Uo agfO{ ;du| ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{
k|efjsf/L t'Nofpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
;fj{hlgs cfo / vr{ k|0ffnLsf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4 ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ;fj{hlgs cfoJoo / vl/bnfO{ k|efjsf/L, Jojl:yt / kf/bzL{ agfpg] .
@= cfGtl/s lgoGq0f / n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ ljZj;gLo tyf k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
#= ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t ljQLo Joj:yfkgsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;+;b\df jflif{s ah]6 k|:t'lt;Fu} jflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ ul/g]5 . -!_
@= ljsf; cfof]hgfxsf] 7]Ssfkf lgwf{l/t ;doleq} ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -!_
#= sfg'gadf]lhd ;dod} vr{ gu/L cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf vr{ ug]{ k|j[lQnfO{ lgT;flxt
ug{ / pknAw ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] plrt k|of]u ug{ cfly{s jif{sf] clGtd tLg dlxgfdf
jflif{s sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg ug]{ / ljlgof]lht ah]6sf] %) k|ltzteGbf a9L vr{ ug]{
k|j[ltdf /f]s nufOg]5 . -!_
$= a]h'nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t agfOg'sf]
;fy} n]vf pQ/bfoL clwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ t'NofOg]5 . -@_
%= ljQLo cfFs8fnfO{ j:t'k/s agfpg tyf cBfjlws ug{ ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t
ljQLo Joj:yfkgsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f u/L ;a} If]qdf lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -#_

218 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


$= ck]lIft pknlAw
jflif{s vl/b of]hgf lgwf{l/t ;dod} tof/ eO{ vl/b sfo{ ePsf] x'g], ;fj{hlgs vr{
Jojl:yt eO{ a]h' sd ePsf] x'g] / cfGtl/s tyf clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f k|efjsf/L ePsf] x'g]5 .

&=^ dfgj clwsf/


!= k[i7e"ld
;+o'Qm /fi6 ;\3sf] :yfkgf ePkl5 dfgj clwsf/sf] :yfkgf, ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / k|j4{gdf
cGt/f{li6o k|of;sf] yfngL ePsf] xf] . dfgj clwsf/nfO{ zflGt / ljsf;sf] d"n cfwf/sf kdf
:jLsf/ ub}{ ;+o'Qm /fi6 ;\3sf] dxf;efn] !) l8;]Da/ !($* df dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL
3f]if0ffkq hf/L u/]sf] lyof], h;df klxnf] k6s dfgjsf hGdl;4 Pjd\ g};lu{s clwsf/xnfO{
dfgj clwsf/sf kdf kl/eflift ul/Psf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm /fi6 ;\3sf] a8fkq / dfgj
clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ dfgj clwsf/sf] ljljw kIfxnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L
;+o'Qm /fi6 ;\3f/f dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ljleGg cGt/f{li6o dxf;lGwx kfl/t x'Fb} cfPsf
5g\ .
rfn" of]hgf cjlwdf dfgj clwsf/ pNn\3g tyf Hofbltsf lj4 cg';Gwfg u/L
kL8snfO{ sf/afxL / kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf], ;LdfGts[t
;d'bfosf nflu OG6g{;Lk sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf], dfjg clwsf/;DaGwdf cled'vLs/0f
tflnd ;~rfng ul/Psf], ljBfnosf lzIfssf nflu dfgj clwsf/ >f]t k'l:tsf, @)&) tof/
ul/Psf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;+ljwfg, sfg'g / cGt/f{li6o k|lta4tfcg'k ;+:yfut / ;+/rgfut tyf kof{Kt ;|f]t
;fwgsf] Joj:yf u/L cfd gful/snfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf] k"0f{ k|Tofe"lt lbnfpg' r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{
/lxcfPsf] 5 .
cj;/
g]kfn ;/sf/sf If]qut sfo{qmdxdf dfgj clwsf/nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg', dfgj
clwsf/;DaGwL hgr]tgf a9\g', g]kfn dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL d'Vo b:tfj]hx / gf} d'Vo
dxf;lGwxdWo] ;ft;d]t u/L dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL @@ cGt/f{li6o dxf;lGwxsf] kIf /fi6
aGg', dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf k|j4{Gfsf] nflu g]kfnn] hgfPsf cGt/f{li6o k|lta4tfx /
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ul/Psf gful/ssf ljleGg df}lns xsx dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f
tyf ;+j4{gsf lglDt cj;/ x'g\ .

ul/aL lgjf/0f, zflGt / ;'zf;g | 219


#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ;a} k|sf/sf lje]bx cGTo u/L ;dfj]zL, dof{lbt /
;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] ljsf; .
#=@ nIo
dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ;+:yfxaLr ;dGjo, ;xsfo{ / ;xeflutf a9fO{ dfgj clwsf/
;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
dfgj clwsf/k|ltsf] k|lta4tfnfO{ Jojxfl/s kdf ;'lglZrt ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= dfgj clwsf/ pNn\wgsf 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg tyf dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] cg'udg
ug]{ .
@= dfgj clwsf/nfO{ ljsf;sf d'2fx;Fu ;+/rgfut / sfof{Tds kn] hf]8\g] .
#= dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o bfloTj sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
#=$ sfo{gLlt
!= dfgj clwsf/ pNn\wgsf 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -!_
@= dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] lgoldt kdf cg'udg ul/g]5 . -!_
#= ljkGg, ;LdfGts[t Pjd\ lk5l8Psf ju{sf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 . -!_
$= dfgj clwsf/sf If]qdf sfo{/t /fli6o ;+:yfxnfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{ dfgj clwsf/sf]
;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{gdf 6]jf k'ofOg]5 . -!_
%= dfgj clwsf/nfO{ d'n'ssf] cfjlws ljsf; of]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt gLltxdf
;+/rgfTds / sfof{Tds kdf ;dflxt ul/g]5 . -@_
^= dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / k|f]T;fxg ug]{ qmddf ljBdfg cj/f]wxnfO{ x6fO{
dfgj clwsf/ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_
&= dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwdf /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o bfloTj sfof{Gjog u/L dfjg
clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf k|j4{g ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL sfg'gx k'g/fjnf]sg eO{ gofF sfg'gxsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g], dfgj
clwsf/;DaGwL /fli6o ;+:yfx ;'b[9 ePsf x'g], dfgj clwsf/sf ljifox /fli6o gLltxdf
;+/rgfTds / sfof{Tds kdf ;dflxt ePsf x'g] / dfgj clwsf/ ;+:s[ltsf] k|j4{g ePsf]
x'g]5 .

220 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


kl/R5]b M *
of]hgf k|lqmof, tYof\s k|0ffnL Pjd\ cg';Gwfg
*=! of]hgf th{'df tyf sfof{Gjog
!= k[i7e"ld
nlIft ljsf; k|ltkmn xfl;n ug{ oyfy{k/s / Jofjxfl/s of]hgf th{'df tyf ;f]sf]
k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] cu|0fL e"ldsf /xG5 . t]x|f}F of]hgfdf of]hgf k|lqmofnfO{ ;"rgf tyf tYo
/ k|df0fdf cfwfl/t, glthfd'vL / oyfy{k/s agfpg cfjlws of]hgfsf] glthf vfsf tof/ u/L
sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] / dWosfnLg vr{ ;+/rgfnfO{ yk oyfy{k/s agfpFb} nluPsf] 5 . ;fy},
nlIft ;d"xsf] ;xeflutf / ;dfj]lztfnfO{ hf]8 lbOPsf], /fli6o cg'udg tyf d"Nof\sg
lbUbz{g, @)&) hf/L eO{ PsLs[t glthfd"ns cg'udg tyf d"Nof\sg k|0ffnL ljsf; ul/Psf] /
sfo{;Dkfbg s/f/ -;Demf}tf_ sf] k|f/De ul/Psf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
ljsf;sf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r th{'df u/L ;f]cg';f/ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th{'df ug{',
;|f]t;fwgsf] ;'lglZrttf u/L cfjlws of]hgf / jflif{s ah]6aLr ;fd~h:otf sfod ug{',
k'glg{df{0f sfo{qmd th{'df tyf sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L agfpg', ;\3Lotfcg'k of]hgf
th{'df;DaGwL ;\u7gfTds ;+/rgf, k|lqmof tyf ljlwdf ;'wf/ ug{' / of]hgf th{'df;DaGwL
hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf ljsf; u/L ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{' of]hgf th{'df k|lqmofdf b]lvPsf
r'gf}tLx x'g\ . To:t}, of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfoxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{', sfof{Gjogdf
;+nUg hgzlQmsf] pTk|]/0ff / sfo{;Dkfbg:t/ clej[l4 ug{', of]hgf sfof{GjognfO{ k|fyldstfdf
/fVg' / ;fj{hlgs vl/b tyf hUuf k|flKt;DaGwL sfg'gL tyf k|lqmofut hl6ntf x6fpg' of]hgf
sfof{Gjog;DaGwL d'Vo r'gf}tL x'g\ .
cj;/
lbuf] ljsf; nIoxsf] sfof{Gjog tyf bL3{sfnLg cfly{s;fdflhs ljsf; /0fgLlt
th{'dfsf] r/0fdf /x]sf], ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog tyf ;\3Lo 9fFrfcg'k of]hgf k|lqmofnfO{ yk
;Gt'lnt, ;dGoflos / ;dfj]zL agfpg], ljsf; ;fem]bf/nufotsf] ;xof]usf] a9\bf] k|lta4tf,
e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fsf] qmddf k|sf]k pTygzLn of]hgf th{'df tyf sfof{Gjog / lzIffdf
a9\bf] nufgLsf] sf/0f bIf hgzlQmsf] a9\bf] pTkfbg / pknAwtf of]hgf k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg] cj;/sf kdf /x]sf 5g\ .

of]hgf k|lqmof, tYof\s k|0ffnL Pjd\ cg';Gwfg | 221


#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
tYok/s, glthfd'vL / ;'b[9 of]hgf th{'df tyf sfof{Gjog k|0ffnL .
#=@ nIo
ljsf; of]hgf, sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfnfO{ lgwf{l/t kl/df0f, nfut, u'0f:t/ / ;dodf ;DkGg
ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
!= of]hgf th{'df k4ltnfO{ k|fljlws kdf ;an, Jofjxfl/s kdf sfof{Gjogof]Uo /
;+:yfut kdf ;'b[9 agfpg' .
@= ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu sfof{Gjog Ifdtf clej[l4 tyf
cg's"n jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{' .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= ;\3Lo ;+/rgf cg's"n x'g]u/L ljBdfg of]hgf k|0ffnLsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf ljsf; ug]{ .
@= of]hgf th{'df tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfosf] Ifdtf ljsf; tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f u/L
u|x0fIfdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .
#= ;fj{hlgs vl/b tyf k|fs[lts ;fwg;|f]t kl/rfng Joj:yfdf k|efjsfl/tf, bIftf /
zL3|tf Nofpg] .
$= ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] lghL, ;xsf/L tyf ;fd'bflos If]qsf] Ifdtf clej[l4
ug]{ .
#=$ sfo{gLlt
!= k|df0fdf cfwfl/t glthfd'vL of]hgf / dWosfnLg vr{ ;+/rgfnfO{ ;+:yfut u/L
of]hgfsf ljleGg tx / cjojaLr sfo{d"ns ;DaGw sfod ul/g]5 . -!_
@= ;\3Lo ;+/rgf cg's"n ;\3, k|b]z / :yfgLotxdf of]hgf k|0ffnL ljsf;
ul/g]5 . -!_
#= of]hgf th{'df tyf sfof{Gjogdf ;+nUg x'g] hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_
$= of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf ;+nUg x'g] hgzlQmsf] nflu sfo{;Dkfbg s/f/ tyf
k|f]T;fxg k|0ffnL nfu" ul/g]5 . -@_
%= ;fj{hlgs vl/b, k|fs[lts ;fwg;|f]t tyf hgzlQm kl/rfng;DaGwL sfg'gL, gLltut,
;+:yfut / k|lqmofut ;'wf/ ul/g]5 . -#_
^= ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] ;/f]sf/jfnfxsf] ;+:yfut tyf hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf
clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -$_

222 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


$= ck]lIft pknlAw
;\3Lo :jk;Fu tfbDo x'g] u/L of]hgf k|0ffnL ljsf; ePsf] x'g], of]hgf th{'df tyf
sfof{Gjog lgsfosf] ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f ePsf] x'g], %)) hgfn] of]hgf th{'df tyf
sfof{Gjog;DaGwL tflnd lnPsf] x'g], sfo{;Dkfbg s/f/ tyf k|f]T;fxg k|0ffnL nfu" ePsf] x'g],
ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg ;/f]sf/jfnfxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ePsf] x'g], ;fj{hlgs vl/b,
hUuf tyf cGo k|fs[lts ;fwg;|f]t kl/rfng;DaGwL P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf ;'wf/ ePsf] x'g] /
sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgf lgwf{l/t u'0f:t/, nfut / ;doleq} ;DkGg ePsf] x'g]5 .

*=@ cg'udg tyf d"Nof\sg


!= k[i7e"ld
ljsf; of]hgf, gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ k|efjsf/L, glthfd'vL /
hjfkmb]xLk"0f{ agfpg cg'udg tyf d"Nofgsf] e"ldsf /xG5 . t]x|f}F of]hgfdf cg'udg tyf
d"NofgnfO{ glthfd"ns agfpg of]hgfsf] glthfvfsf tof/ ul/Psf], glthfd"ns cg'udg tyf
d"Nofg lbUbz{g sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] / cg'udg tyf d"Nofg ljw]ossf] d:of}bf tof/ ug{'sf
;fy} Ifdtf ljsf;df hf]8 lbOof] . o;}u/L, ljsf; cfof]hgfxsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg ug]{ k|0ffnLnfO{
;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u / glthfd"ns agfpg cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ;6j]o/
ljsf; u/L kfOnl6;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy}, tLgcf]6f cfof]hgfsf] cfGtl/s / !) cf]6f
cfof]hgfsf] t]>f] kIfaf6 :jtGq d"Nofg u/fOPsf] 5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;\3Lo, k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLo txdf of]hgf k|lqmof tyf cGt/;DalGwt cg'udg tyf
d"Nofg k4ltnfO{ ;+:yfut ug'{, lbuf] ljsf;sf nIonufotsf c;/ tyf k|efj txsf
;"rsxsf] v08Ls[t Pjd\ ;j]{If0fdf cfwfl/t ;"rgf l;h{gf ug{' / ljleGg tx tyf lgsfodf
cg'udg tyf d"Nofg;DaGwL Ifdtf ljsf; ug'{ Pjd\ bIf hgzlQmnfO{ o; sfo{df cfslif{t
ul//fVg' k|d'v r'gf}tL /x]sf 5g\ .
cj;/
/fHo k'g;{+/rgfsf qmddf ;f\u7lgs k'gu{7g tyf Ifdtf ljsf; ubf{ cg'udg tyf
d"Nofg;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ yk ;'b[9 ug{ ;lsg] / lbuf] ljsf;sf nIosf] cg'udg tyf
d"Nof\sgnfO{ hf]8 lbg]u/L ;g\ @)!^ b]lv @)@) ;Ddsf] cGt/f{li6o d"Nofg sfo{;"rL
NofOPsfn] ljsf; ;fem]bf/nufotsf] ;xof]udf ;d]t o;nfO{ yk ;+:yfut ug{ ;lsg] cj;/
5.

of]hgf k|lqmof, tYof\s k|0ffnL Pjd\ cg';Gwfg | 223


#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
glthfd"ns cg'udg tyf d"Nofg Joj:yfdfkm{t\ ;dfj]zL, ;dGoflos tyf lbuf] ljsf; .
#=@= nIo
ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfnfO{ nlIft kl/df0f, u'0f:t/, nfut / ;dodf ;DkGg u/fO{
of]hgfsf nIox xfl;n ug{ ;xof]u ug'{ .
#=# p2]Zo
of]hgf, gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfsf nIox xfl;n ug{ cfjZos ;"rgf ;dod}
pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]u/L ;a} txdf glthfd"ns cg'udg tyf d"NofgnfO{ ;+:yfut ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= sfg'gL / gLltut Joj:yf Pjd\ ;'wf/ u/L ljsf; of]hgf, gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf
cfof]hgfsf] cg'udg tyf d"NofgnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ .
@= d"Nof\sgnfO{ :jtGq / :t/Lo u/fpg'sf ;fy} lg0f{o k|lqmofdf d"Nof\sgsf glthfsf]
k|of]unfO{ Jojl:yt ug]]{ .
#= cg'udg tyf d"Nofg;DaGwL lgsfo / hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf ljsf;nfO{ ljz]if hf]8
lbg] .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= cg'udg tyf d"Nof\sg P]g / lgodfjnL th{'df u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . -!_
@= lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo;d]tsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof\sg ug{ ;lsg] u/L glthfd"ns
cg'udg tyf d"Nofg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
#= cg'udg tyf d"Nof\sgdf ;xeflutfd"ns ljlwx cjnDag ub}{+ nlug]5 . -!_
$= t];|f] kIfaf6 ul/g] d"Nof\sgnfO{ lj:tf/ ug{'sf ;fy} yk u'0f:t/Lo agfOg]5 . -@_
%= /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u / ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfoxaf6 x/]s jif{ lglZrt ;\Vofdf
cfof]hgfxsf] cfGtl/s d"Nof\sg ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -@_
^= d"Nof\sgstf{xsf ;\u7g;Fu ;dGjo u/L d"Nof\sgsf] ;xhLs/0f, d"Nof\sg /
o;sf ;'emfjxsf] k|of]u ug]{ Ifdtf ljsf; ul/g]5 . -@_
&= gLlt, of]hgf tyf cfof]hgf th{'dfnfO{ :t/Lo ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t u/fpg /fli6o of]hgf
cfof]udf k|df0fsf] e08f/sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -@_
*= ljleGg lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo u/L cg'udg tyf d"Nof\sg sfo{df ;+nUg hgzlQmnfO{
tflnd tyf cGo sfo{qmddfkm{t\ Ifdtf ljsf; ul/g]5 . -#_
(= ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u a9fO{ cg'udg tyf d"Nof\sg;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfOg]5 . -#_

224 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq


$= ck]lIft pknlAw
cg'udg tyf d"Nofg;DaGwL P]g hf/L ePsf] x'g], cg'udg tyf d"Nofgdf ;"rgf
k|ljlwsf] k|of]u a9]sf] x'g], ljleGg txdf %)) hgfn] glthfd"ns cg'udg tyf
d"Nof\sg;DaGwL tflnd k|fKt u/]sf] x'g], cfGtl/s / afXo u/L !% cf]6f cfof]hgf jf
sfo{qmdsf] d"Nof\sg ul/Psf] x'g], gLlt lgdf{0f tyf lg0f{o k|lqmof ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t ePsf] x'g],
;fj{hlgs hjfkmb]lxtf clej[l4 ePsf] x'g] / cfof]hgfdf ePsf] nufgLsf] k|ltkmn k|fKt ePsf]
x'g]5 .

*=# tYof\s k|0ffnL


!= k[i7e"ld
tYof, of]hgf / ljsf;sf] lqcfoflds ;'b[9 ;DaGwn] dfq oyfy{k/s of]hgf th'{df,
sfof{Gjog / ;f]sf] cg'dug tyf d"Nof\sg ;Dej eO{ lbuf] ljsf;df 6]jf k'Ug;Sb5 .
;do;fk]If, lj:tfl/t, v08Ls[t, e/kbf]{ / dfu;fk]If tYofsf] lgoldt cfk"lt{ / pRrtd
k|of]un] g} tYodf cfwfl/t ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{ ;lsg] x'Fbf rfn" of]hgfdf
tYofnfO{ /fHosf] s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLotx;Dd / ljifout ;a} If]qsf of]hgf tyf gLltxsf]
th'{dfdf pkof]u ul/g]5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
;do;fk]If tYof P]gsf] th'{df ug'{, s]Gb|Lo / :yfgLo:t/sf tYofLo lqmofsnfkxdf
;dGjo ug'{, ;\3Lo / :yfgLo lgsfoxsf] tYof Joj:yfkg / ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{', pTkflbt
tYofdf bf]xf]/f]kgf x6fpg', tYofsf] pkof]u j[l4 ug'{, hgzlQmsf] bIftf j[l4 ug'{ / cgflws[t
tYof\ssf] k|of]u x6fpg' k|d'v r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
g]kfnsf] /fli6o tYof k|0ffnLdf d"ntM dfu / k|of]udf lj:tf/ x'g', b]lvPsf] a9\bf] Pjd\
lj:tfl/t hfustf, gofFgofF tYofLo k|ljlwxsf] ljsf;, ljsf; ;fem]bf/xaf6 tYofLo
ljsf;df rf;f] / ;xof]u x'g', gofF tYof P]gsf] ckl/xfo{tf dx;'; x'g', ;DalGwt lgsfoxdf
tYofLo hgzlQmn] cfh{g u/]sf] k]zfut lj1tf ljBdfg x'g' d'Vo cj;/x x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
k|efjsf/L, ;dGjofTds / lqmofzLn /fli6o tYof k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf .

of]hgf k|lqmof, tYof\s k|0ffnL Pjd\ cg';Gwfg | 225


#=@ nIo
of]hgf tyf ljsf;sf gLltsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ tYof tyf tYofLo ;]jf pknAw
u/fpg] .
#=# p2]Zo
!= tYodf cfwfl/t gLlt lgdf{0ffy{ kl/df0fhgs / kl/0ffdhGo tYof pTkfbg u/L
;/sf/sf ;a} txsf k|of]ustf{xsf] dfu / cfjZostf ;Daf]wg ug'{ .
@= nfutk|efjL tYofLo ljsf; / ultljlwxsf nflu ;fGble{s gLlt, cEof; / Ifdtf
ljsf; ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= pRr u'0f:t/Lo tYof pTkfbg, ;'wf/ / cfk"lt{ ug]{ .
@= tYofsf pTkfbgsf ;a} ;DefJo ljlw / ;|f]txsf] pkof]u ug]{ .
#= ;\3Lo ;+/rgfcg';f/ tYofsf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;+:yfut Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .
#=% sfo{gLlt
!= pko'Qm sfg'gL k"jf{wf/ tof/ u/L /fli6o Pjd\ cGt/f{li6o k|of]ustf{xsf] dfusf]
clwstd ;Daf]wg x'g]u/L tYofsf] pTkfbg ul/g]5 . -!_
%= /fli6o tYof kl/ifb\nfO{ lqmofzLn agfO{ cflwsfl/s tYofsf pTkfbsxsf] e"ldsf
/ clwsf/ If]qnfO{ ;':ki6 ul/g]5 . -!_
^= /fli6o tYof k|0ffnLleq dfgs, cjwf/0ffx, kl/efiffx, juL{s/0fx / k|rlnt
Pjd\ ;d'lrt tYofLo ljlwxnfO{ Psfsf/ ul/g]5 . -@_
&= /fli6o tYof k|0ffnLnfO{ PsLs[t 9df lqmofzLn t'NofOg]5 . -@_
*= tYofLo hgzlQmsf] s'zn sfo{;DkfbgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -#_
(= s]Gb|Lo tYof ljefusf] ;\u7g k'g;{+/rgf ul/g]5 . -#_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
tYof ljsf;sf nflu /fli6o /0fgLlt sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] x'g], /fli6o tYof k|0ffnLsf]
sfg'gL / ;+:yfut ljsf; ePsf] x'g], s]Gb|Lo tYof ljefusf] k'g;{+/rgf ePsf] x'g], tYofLo
hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf ljsf; ePsf] x'g], gjLg tYofLo ljlw / k|ljlwsf] cg'z/0f;lxt u'0f:t/Lo
tYofsf] dfu, cfk"lt{ / k|of]udf j[l4 ePsf] x'g] / gLlt lgdf{0f / of]hgfsf nflu tYof
ckl/xfo{ tjsf kdf :yflkt eO{ d'n'ssf] ljsf;;Fu PsLs[t ePsf] x'g] .

*=$ cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;


!= k[i7e"ld
ljsf;sf] k|zf;g / Joj:yfkgsf nflu ljsf; ;Da4 lqmofsnfkdf ljBdfg ;d:of,
r'gf}tL / cj;/sf] klxrfg ug{ / cfjZos ;'wf/sf] dfu{ klxNofpg ljleGg ljifo If]qut
226 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq
cWoog / cg';Gwfgsf] uxg e"ldsf /xG5 . xfn;Dd klxrfg gePsf ;|f]t ;fwg klxrfg u/L
ltgLxsf] Jojl:yt kl/rfng ug]{ tf}/tl/sf kQf nufpg, pknAw ;|f]t ;fwgsf] kl/rfngsf]
cj:yf cfsng u/L ltgLxsf] cTo'Qd pkof]u ug{ / ckof{Kt ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu
dfu{ k|z:t ug{;d]t cg';Gwfg / ljsf; dxjk"0f{ dflgG5 .
@= r'gf}tL tyf cj;/
r'gf}tL
ljsf; ;Da4 cg';Gwfgsf nflu oyfy{k/s / ;fdlos ;"rgf tyf tYofx dfucg'k
pknAw u/fpg', gLlt lgdf{0f, ljZn]if0f / k[i7kf]if0f;Fu cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] Jojl:yt /
k|efjsf/L ;DaGw ljsf; ug{', k|To]s ljifo If]qdf cWoog cg';GwfgnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{', cWoog
/ cg';GwfgnfO{ :t/Lo / ljZj;gLo agfpg', cg';Gwfgsf] If]qnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg', cWoog
ePsf ljifosf lgisif{xnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{' / ljleGg ljifo If]qdf ul/g'kg]{ cWoog cg';Gwfgsf]
cfjZostf klxrfg ug{' k|d'v r'gf}tLx x'g\ .
cj;/
ljsf; k|lqmofdf cg';Gwfg / ljsf;sf] dxj :yflkt x'g', d'n'ssf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd
th'{df ubf{ cWoog cg';Gwfgsf lgisif{xsf] k|of]u a9\b} hfg', cg';Gwfgsf] nflu ah]6
ljlgof]hg ug{ ;'? x'g', cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] nflu cGt/f{li6o:t/df ;fem]bf/L lj:tf/ x'Fb}
hfg'h:tf cj;/x /x]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L, ;DkGg ePsf cWoog cg';Gwfgsf glthfxnfO{
gLltut tyf sfo{ut kdf sfof{Gjogdf n}hfg] / gLlt lgdf{0f txdf /x]sf JolQmxn]
k[i7kf]if0fsf] kdf pkof]u ug]{ kl/kf6L a9]/ hfg', ljsf;;Da4 ljifodf u'0ffTds tyf
kl/df0ffTds cg';Gwfgsf nflu ;|f]t / ;fwg kl/rfng x'Fb} hfg' k|d'v cj;/x x'g\ .
#= ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt
#=! ;f]r
cg';Gwfg / ljsf;af6 e/kbf]{ ;fdflhs, cfly{s Pjd\ k|fljlws ljsf; Joj:yfkg .
#=@ nIo
cg';Gwfgsf lgisif{df cfwfl/t gLlt lgdf{0f, of]hgf th'{df / sfo{qmd to ug]{ k|0ffnLsf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
#=# p2]Zo
u'0ffTds cWoog cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t ljsf; gLlt, glthfd"ns of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf
cg'udg / d"Nofg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug'{ .
#=$ /0fgLlt
!= t'ngfTds kdf ljsf;sf ;Defjgf a9L ePsf If]qxdf cg';Gwfg / ljsf;nfO{
;+:yfut ug]{ .
@= cg';Gwfg / ljsf;sf nflu lghL If]q;Fu /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o:t/df ;xsfo{ ug]{ .

of]hgf k|lqmof, tYof\s k|0ffnL Pjd\ cg';Gwfg | 227


#=% sfo{gLlt
!= ;fdflhs cfly{s ljsf;sf ;Defjgfxsf] klxrfgsf nflu k|fyldstfsf If]qxdf
s]lGb|t cg';GwfgnfO{ k|>o lbOg]5 . -!_
@= cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]q / z}lIfsk|fl1s If]qsf ljifo
lj1xnfO{ kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -!_
#= cWoog cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;sf If]qdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg u/]sf ;]jflgj[Q /fi6;]js
Pjd\ :jtGq JolQmTjnfO{ cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] sfddf cfslif{t / kl/rflnt
ul/g]5 . -!_
$= cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf cfjZos hgzlQm ljsf;sf nflu z}lIfs ;+:yfxsf
kf7\oqmddf ;f] ljwfnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g]5 . -!_
%= cg';Gwfg / ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ nufgL ;'lglZrt ug{ ljifo If]qut
lgsfoxdf 5'} ah]6sf] Joj:yf ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . -!_
^ k|To]s ljifo If]qut lgsfoxdf /x]sf of]hgf;DaGwL ;+/rgfnfO{ cg';Gwfg PsfOsf]
kdf ;d]t sfd ug{]u/L Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . -!_
&= cg';Gwfgstf{ tyf k|fljlws hgzlQmnfO{ cg';Gwfg sfo{df ;+nUg x'g k|f]T;fxg
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . -!_
*= cg';Gwfg;DaGwL bIftf clej[l4sf] nflu z}lIfs ;+:yfx;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 . -@_
(= cg';GwfgfTds 1fg / ;Lk ljsf;sf] nflu cg';Gwfg / ljsf;;DaGwL ljifonfO{
dfWolds:t/b]lvs} kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z ug{ ;'? ul/g]5 . -@_
!)= cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfox;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 . -@_
!!= cg';Gwfg / ljsf;sf If]qdf /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o ;xof]u / ;xsfo{df lj:tf/
ul/g]5 . -@_
!@= lghL If]q ;Ifd ePsf If]qxdf k|f]T;fxg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/L lghL If]q;Fusf]
;xsfo{df cWoog cg';GwfgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . -@_
$= ck]lIft pknlAw
;fdflhs cfly{snufotsf If]qdf ul/g'kg]{ ljsf; / To;sf] ;Defjgfxsf] tYok/s /
j}1flgs kdf klxrfg ePsf] x'g], ;dli6ut pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj, pBdzLntf /
;[hgzLntfsf] ;+:sf/ ljsf;sf nflu ;+:yfut k"jf{wf/ tof/ ePsf] x'g], cg';Gwfg / ljsf;sf]
If]qdf cfjZos hgzlQm ljsf; / pkof]u ePsf] x'g], lj1 cg';Gwfgstf{xsf] ;]jf k|fKt eO{
cg';Gwfg sfo{ yk kl/is[t ePsf] x'g], ;DalGwt sfo{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ nufgL ;'lglZrt
ePsf] x'g] / cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sfo{df /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ h'6L
cg';Gwfg sfo{ u'0f:t/Lo ePsf] x'g]5 .

228 | rf}wf} of]hgf, cfwf/kq

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