Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Course Code MS - 21
Course Title Social Processes and Behavioral Issues
Assignment Code MS-21/TMA/SEM - I/2017
Assignment Coverage All Blocks
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Herzberg's motivations described human beings relationship to what he does, that is the content of the job. And the hygienes
on the other hand --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------entirely on different hypothesis and sought an answer to motivation
in the nature of man. Theory X and Y reflect McGregor's ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of assumptions. Theory X
assumes the human being as lazy, idle and indolent.
Best remedy for resistance to change- The change in the management system and organizational structure is essential to
adjust an organization and its business -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. The motivated workers have knowledge about
the outcome of changes. They even better appreciate the management view points to the introduction of chances in the
organization.
Effective ------------------------ resources- Manpower is the main active factor of production and is responsible for the best
utilization of organizational resources. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of their skills, knowledge, capabilities etc. in the
existing environment.
A point worth noting is that Maslow stated that the predominance of a need assigned by the individual determines its
importance not the order presented. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------before the next need is even addressed.
Vroom developed his Expectancy theory (1964) through his study of the motivations behind decision making. It proposes
that an individual will decide to behave or ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------behaviour will be (ie, their expectations
based on pervious experience or observation). This ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and wanted by the recipients.
2. Briefly describe the factors affecting interpersonal relations. Discuss Johari Window model with
reference to enhancing interpersonal relations with examples.
Empathy It --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------of good two way communication.
Communication --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------to communicate with each other effectively for
better understanding. Lack of communication can lead to problem and misunderstanding. Staying in touch is
essential for a relationship to grow. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------solutions. The recipient must
understand what the ----------------------------------------------- is essential in relationships.
-----------------Window-
It is necessary to improve self-awareness and personal development among individuals when they are in a group. The
Johari window model is a convenient -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------developed this model in 1955. The idea was
derived as the upshot of the group dynamics in ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------as feedback/disclosure model of self-
awareness.
Introduction
The Johari window ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------and learning yourselves from their feedbacks. Each person is
represented by the Johari model through four quadrants or --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------unknown to oneself or others
in four viewpoints.
Example
Linda got a job in an organization. Her co----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------know much about her the blind spot also will
be smaller and the model will be as shown in Figure 1.
Linda spent most of her free time -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and interacted more with other co-workers. This
helped her to increase her open area and -------------------------------------------------------- areas smaller. (Figure 2)
3. Discuss the importance of Behaviour Modification in organisations and ethical issues involved in it.
Behaviour is a function of its consequences. That is the heart of the behavioural approach if you spend all of your time
nagging and criticizing a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------possible. Work behaviour that lead to reward will increase.
Those that lead to discomfort will decrease. So it is for every organism including your workers. If the relationship between
the act and the results is the heart of behaviour ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------delivered. It provides the feedback that
an employee must have in order to know that he is performing satisfactorily.
Industrial behaviour modification is not really a theoretical approach as much as it is a new methodology for managers. It
represents a concrete, practical programme for changing employee behaviour through changes in management behaviour.
For the manager to achieve ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------data so that the rewards follow behaviours that he wants to increase.
-----------------------
Techniques
Positive --------------------------
The best way to improve performance is to reward the employee. First, you must discover how the employee reacts to
different types of rewards. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------will likely be grateful and the atmosphere in the office will
improve with removal of the reason for antagonism over tardiness. If she is sleeping late because she has a second job to
make ends meet, a modest raise may ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------company shift to different goals. Career
counseling and training are ------------------------------------------- by showing employees they are valued.
Change -----------------------------
Modifying the behavior of the entire organization involves gathering information from the front-line managers and
employees. They ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------gathering and exchange might be greater decision-making authority
given to the line managers. Recognition in the form of ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------competitive edge.
Behavior modification is the act of shaping how your employees behave in the workplace. Most managers practice behavior
modification by using positive reinforcement to reward those who excel. For example, ---------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
are examples of behavior modification through negative reinforcement. If successful, these modification techniques
encourage or discourage behaviors in the workplace. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------manager to use
positive and negative reinforcement objectively.
Control
Influence
Influencing selfishness or vicious competition among employees is a serious ethical concern in behavior modification. This
issue is most obvious when it comes to -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------on their colleagues, considering it a part of the
workplace culture. Positive ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------as a group to offset these adverse effects.
Fairness
Perspectives
------------------------------------------------ Modification
The last point is a clear use of reinforcement to promote the required behaviour. With the behaviour and requirements
defined, the intervention was put into action, and comprised of the following:
The initial -------------------------------------------------------- cleanliness for a period (baseline measurement);
The prominent ------------------------------------------------------------------------ work output per day;
The original checklist became more ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------ 70 points; the cleaners mutually agreed on its contents.
The baseline was measured to be a mere 20% of the defined criteria for cleanliness???. As a result, it was deemed that the
full introduction of the 70-point checklist would pose a shock for the workers, and was thus implemented in staggered stages
over time. The cleaners were informed specifically that:
The program was considered a success, with management saving money, as well as gaining a marked increase in cleaning
performance. However, being rushed ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------as hard, and the improvement would have been
marginal.
4. What is the difference between a Group and a Team? Discuss the process of building effective
teams and maintaining them.
Comparison Chart
BASIS FOR
GROUP TEAM
COMPARISON
------------------- of Group
A group is an assemblage of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------- The members share information and resources with other group
members.
Definition --------------------------
A group of people who are joined for achieving a common goal within a stipulated period, having collective accountability is
known as the team. The agenda of ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------responsible for the outcome (i.e. Result of the collective
efforts of the team members).
The team members have a mutual understanding with other members. They work jointly to maximize the strengths and
minimize the weakness by ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------key features of team functioning are:
Cohesion
-----------------------
--------------------------
For years now, organizations have been under increasing pressure to improve performance while making use of fewer
resources. Measures to cut costs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------organizations with flatter structures, which are being run
increasingly offsite and where employees work ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to teams when they really mean just groups.
Is there a difference you might ask. Definitely--------------------------------------------------- between a group and a team.
Purpose
Within any group there is -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------to remove a management layer. Within a team, on the other hand,
the members typically ------------------------------------------------------------------- be realized by one individual is to work
together. It is this common purpose that binds and connects.
Role awareness
Within any group, each individual ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------makes towards the end result, and this forms the basis for
a lack of understanding, for suspicion and for the creation of little ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------others tasks can lead to even better results.
Conflict resolution
Within any group, when ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------that any problems in collaboration are dealt with. Within teams, the
members feel a bond with ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------called in if conflicts threaten to escalate.
Trust
Within any group, there is always -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- stupid leads to their creativity being stifled, and their
ability to resolve problems is weakened. Within a team, trust ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------of different perspectives in finding solutions to the problems.
Managing
Within any group, control forms the ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------done. They are reduced to lending a hand. Within
teams, the managers attention is focused on gaining commitment to goals. Team members are asked their opinions on the
goals and how ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------one. An example ca-----------------------------------------------------.
Development
Within any group, training is directed --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------theyre paid for! Within teams, members are
encouraged to collaborate, to not be ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------and team dynamics, for example, as well as in the usual
--------------------------------------------------- training.
Appreciation
Within any group, results are not really ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. And any successes are claimed by the manager.
Teams, by contrast, know how important it is to --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------team members can excel.
1. Recognize -----------------------------------
Before you begin, take a moment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------your employees, match their skills to the tasks of the
project, but also identify personalities you feel ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------combined energies focused on a common goal.
3. Delegate
Once you've chosen your team and -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------very quickly if they do not have the freedom, access to
tools, and other resources they need to complete their work. Once you have set forth your guidelines, your job becomes
making sure they can do theirs. Avoid telling -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------support your team needs to achieve those goals.
4. Monitor progress
In an ideal world, you'll have ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------the project is on track. Provide, as necessary, a forum where
you and the team can share concerns, successes, and project status on a regular basis. If necessary, you may find you need to
assign a team leader, or redefine the project -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pushes through obstacles on its own, individuals
draw closer together, and their success gives rise to confidence and camaraderie.
5. Celebrate ------------------------
When your team accomplishes or -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------and describe the positive impact their work will have on
your organization and your customers. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------for it as the team takes on more responsibility.
Remember that team contribution takes many forms. Team work includes taking notes/minutes at meetings,
brainstorming outside of meetings, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------snacks to make the meeting for enjoyable.
Talk to each other. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------. Each team member should feel comfortable making their
voice heard.
In order to truly unite ---------------------------------------------------------------- team mates are focused and calm.
Example-
I am referring here MSA Safety Company. As the MSA Safety Company ----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------project-level
teams. Those firms serious about --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------initiatives and strategies.
5. Discuss Perceptual Selectivity and Perceptual Organisation. What are the Perceptual errors which
occur in the organisation and how to overcome these?
Perceptual -------------------------------------------------------- Organisation-
Selective perception is the process by which individuals perceive what they want to in media messages while ignoring
opposing viewpoints. It is a broad term to ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------interpret sensory information in a way that favors
one category or interpretation over another. In ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------believe this process occurs automatically.
All of us have a similar nervous system and share more or less common sensory equipment. However, we have different
social and physical backgrounds --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------world `as it really is'. This idea of the `real world' is
somewhat arbitrary. In fact, we have, ----------------------------------------------------------------------- perceptual world.
Perception is a dynamic process because it involves ordering and attaching meaning to raw sensory data. Our sensory
apparatus is bombarded with vast -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------of it and interpreting it. Therefore, it can be said that
perception is an information-processing activity.
This information processing concerns the ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------choose from the stream of sensory data to
concentrate on particular elements and to ignore others. The internal and external factors which affect selective attention are
illustrated in Figure 2.
However, it may be noted that we ------------------------------ to the pattern of stimuli available to us.
Our attention is also influenced by context Factors. For example, the ------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------will mean quite
different things to those within earshot and --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of the context also affect our attention.
Much of perception can be described as classification or categorisation. We categorise people as male or female, lazy or
energetic, extrovert or shy. We ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------that these categories are learned. They are social constructs.
What we learn is often culture-bound or culture-specific. For example, the British revulsion at the thought of eating dog
(classified as pet), the Hindu revulsion at ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------emotions based on learned values.
Status effect: Giving those in higher level --------------------------------------------------------in lower level jobs.
Strict rating: Being consistently harsh in appraising performance.
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