PLUMBING SYSTEMS-2 (Design of Domestic

Water Supply and Distribution System)

Design of Domestic Water Supply and Distribution System

General Requirements Of Water Supply System:

Only potable water shall be supplied to fixtures and equipment at which water is provided for
purposes, such as drinking, cooking, food preparation, washing of dishes and kitchen utensils.
The system shall be designed from the based on the per capita supply, the below tables explains
about the water consumption per person per day at different applications.
The tables are taken from National Building Code-2005
In dwellings the resident's water consumption is divided between the many appliances. A typical
percentage break down provided by the Environment Agency is:
1. WC suite 32%
2. washing machine 12%
3. Kitchen sinks 15%
4. Bath 15%
5. Basin 9%
6. Shower 5%
7. Outside supply 3%
8. Miscellaneous 9%
Water Supply for Fire Fighting Purposes
The Authority shall make provision to meet the water supply requirements for fire fighting in the
city /area, depending on the population density and types of occupancy.
Source of Water
Corporation or Municipal water
Tube or Bore well water
Tanker water
Recycled or Gray water
Water Demand And Estimate Load
Design of water supply pipes are based upon
a) The number and kind of fixtures installed
b) The fixture unit flow rate and
c) The probable simultaneous use of these fixtures.
TOILET
 BRANCH.8- BRANCH.9-
9.0 SIZING 10.0 SIZING
Fixture Load No of Fixture Load
Item No of Fixtues per Unit Total Load Item Fixtues per Unit Total Load
EWC's 3 1 3 EWC's 0 1 0
Health Health
Faucet 3 1 3 Faucet 0 1 0
Urinal 0 2 0 Urinal 0 2 0
Wash Basin 3 2 6 Wash Basin 3 2 6

Toatl Fixture Toatl Fixture

Load 12 Load 6
The pipe The pipe
suitable for suitable for
the above the above
fixture load 25 mm dia fixture load 20 mm dia

BRANCH.6- BRANCH.7-
7.0 SIZING 8.0 SIZING
Fixture Load Fixture Load
Item No of Fixtues per Unit Total Load Item No of Fixtues per Unit Total Load
EWC's 5 1 5 EWC's 2 1 2
Health Health
Faucet 5 1 5 Faucet 2 1 2
Urinal 0 2 0 Urinal 0 2 0
Wash Basin 0 2 0 Wash Basin 0 2 0

Toatl Fixture Toatl Fixture

Load 10 Load 4
The pipe The pipe
suitable for suitable for
the above the above
fixture load 25 mm dia fixture load 20 mm dia
 BRANCH.4- BRANCH.5-
5.0 SIZING 6.0 SIZING
Fixture Load Fixture Load
Item No of Fixtues per Unit Total Load Item No of Fixtues per Unit Total Load
EWC's 0 1 0 EWC's 8 1 8
Health Faucet 0 1 0 Health Faucet 8 1 8
Urinal 0 2 0 Urinal 0 2 0
Wash Basin 3 2 6 Wash Basin 3 2 6

Toatl Fixture Toatl Fixture

Load 6 Load 22

The pipe The pipe

suitable for suitable for
the above the above
fixture load 20 mm dia fixture load 32 mm dia

BRANCH.2- BRANCH.3-
3.0 SIZING 4.0 SIZING
Fixture Load No of Fixture Load
Item No of Fixtues per Unit Total Load Item Fixtues per Unit Total Load
EWC's 2 1 2 EWC's 0 1 0
Health Health
Faucet 2 1 2 Faucet 0 1 0
Urinal 0 2 0 Urinal 5 2 10
Wash Basin 0 2 0 Wash Basin 4 2 8

Toatl
Toatl Fixture Fixture
Load 4 Load 18
The pipe The pipe
suitable for suitable for
the above the above
fixture load 20 mm dia fixture load 25 mm dia
 HEADER BRANCH.1-
1.0 SIZING 2.0 SIZING

Fixture Load No of Fixture Load

Item No of Fixtues per Unit Total Load Item Fixtues per Unit Total Load
EWC's 13 1 13 EWC's 5 1 5
Health Health
Faucet 13 1 13 Faucet 5 1 5
Urinal 5 2 10 Urinal 0 2 0
Wash Basin 7 2 14 Wash Basin 0 2 0

Toatl
Toatl Fixture Fixture
Load 50 Load 10

The pipe The pipe

suitable for suitable for
the above the above
fixture load 40 mm dia fixture load 25 mm dia

NOTE : Please refer the above sheet for selection of diameter based on the fixture Load
 Type of distribution System:

1. Direct Supply
2. Direct Pumping.
3. Gravity System
4. Hydro Pneumatic System

Direct Supply: Water supply to the required point is through the municipal direct supply, This system
is applicable when there is continuous supply from the source. This system is adopted when
adequate pressure is available round the clock at the topmost floor. With limited pressure available
in most city mains, water from direct supply is normally not available above two or three floors.

PLUMBING
Direct Pumping : Water is pumped directly into the distribution system without the aid of any overhead tank,
except for flushing purposes. The pumps are controlled by a pressure switch installed on the line. Normally a
jockey pump of smaller capacity installed which meets the demand of water during low consumption and the
main pump starts when the demand is greater. The start and stop operations are accomplished by a set if
pressure switches are installed directly on the line. In some installation, a timer switch is installed to restrict
the operating cycle of the pump.
 Gravity System: This is the most common of the distribution systems adopted by various type of buildings.

PLUMBING
Hydro pneumatic System: Hydro-pneumatic system generally eliminates the need for an over head tank and may
supply water at a much higher pressure than available from overhead tanks particularly on the upper floors, resulting in
even distribution of water at all floors
HYDROPNEUMATIC SYSTEM
Mansion Floor (Separate
Pressure Pump)

Service Floor

32nd Floor
Domestic Water Down Take

Flushing Water Down Take

HIGH Level Riser
Domestic Water Rising Main

Flushing Water Rising Main

Domestic Water UG Sump
25rd Floor
Sewage Treatment Plant

Flushing Water Over Head Tank

Domestic Water Over Head Tank

MIDDLE Level Riser Pressure Reducing Valves (PRV
Typical A to detail)

15th Floor

LOW Level Riser

Water Supply - Ring Main

at 4th Floor Ceiling
MLCP Floors

BASEMENT 1st Floor

FLOOR GF Floor

UG SUMP Domestic water Flush water supply STP

supply Hydro- Hydro-pneumatic
pneumatic Pumps Pumps
MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HYDRO PNEUMATIC & GRAVITY SYSTEMS
SNO HYDRO PNEUMATIC SYSTEM GRAVITY SYSTEM
1 This system will ensure the water supply with Where as the atmospheric pressure in the OH tanks,
constant pressure Across the taps and water will ensure the water flow with pressure in bottom
points. floors, thus not meeting the requirements of top
floors, due to the gravity.

2 Reduced load on the bldg columns due to Extra load will be added on the bldg columns due to
elimination of OHT OHT

3 One or more parallel pumps are connected Separate pumping arrangement is for filling up the
with VFD for constant water supply for whole OH tanks.
bldg

4 Constantly changing water consumption In Gravity system, for lower demands, the main
pattern make heavy demands on the pump has to switch on for filling up of OHT with full
adoptability of any system, which is not energy load, Which is not energy
efficient in OHT system. Efficient.

5 Hydro pneumatic system will minimize the Labour required for filling up, cleaning, and
operating and maintenance cost of the pump maintaining the OHT
room

6 The system consists of stainless steel body, It is very difficult to maintain cleanliness and
which ensure the water quality and prevents hygienity of the water as the OHT has to be cleaned
rusting of equipment, thus maintaining the very often, which again dependent on the labour.
hygienic water supply.
7 High end fixtures can be used effectively Low end fixtures to be selected due to minimum
pressure available in the view of staging height of
OHT
INTERMEDIATE LEVEL STORAGE CISTERN
ZONED SUPPLY SYSTEM

CONVENTIONAL HOT WATER UPFEED

SYSTEM
CONVENTIONAL HOT WATER DOWNFEED SYSTEM HOT WATER INVERTEDUPFEED SYSTEM
HOT WATER INVERTED COMBINATION DOWN FEED & UPFEED
SYSTEM
WATER DEMAND CALCULATIONS

Water Storage Capacity:

When the distribution system is thru gravity, then the following are the tank
Capacities
UG sump Capacity : 1.5 day capacity
OHT capacity : 0.5 day Capacity
When The distribution system is thru HPS, then the following are the tank Capacities
UG sump Capacity : 2 day capacity and there will not be any OHT tanks.
 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT:
The proposed Office Building comprising of two level of parking & six levels of office work stations. The following will be
explained briefly
SI.NO. Floors Details
1 Lower Stilt Floor Car Parking, Electrical Room, Drivers Rest room & Business Rooms etc.,
2 Upper Stilt Floor Car Parking & Electrical Room etc.,
3 First Floor Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room
4 Second Floor Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room
5 Third Floor Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room
6 Fourth Floor Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room
7 Fifth Floor Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room
8 Sixth Floor Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room
9 Terrace Floor Space for LMR & OHT
WATER CALCULATION SHEET
Water Requirement Total Water Dom
Occupancy per day/Person in requirement/da Water/day in Flush Water/day in
Sl.No Description Area/Sqm Total Population Litres y in lts lts lts

OFFICE BLOCK

10 sqm/person 30 lpd 15 lpd

1.0 Sixth Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594

2.0 Fifth Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594

3.0 Fourth Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594

4.0 Third Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594

5.0 Second Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594

6.0 First Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594

Total 14376 1438 64692 43128 21564

 WATER CALCULATION SHEET
Water
Requirement per Total Water Dom
Occupancy day/Person in requirement/ Water/day in Flush Water/day
Sl.No Description Area/Sqm Total Population Litres day in lts lts in lts

OFFICE BLOCK

10 sqm/person 30 lpd 15 lpd

1.0 Sixth Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594

2.0 Fifth Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594

3.0 Fourth Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594

4.0 Third Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594

5.0 Second Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594

6.0 First Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594

Total 14376 1438 64692 43128 21564

Total Water Capacity

Per day in litres Litres 64692 43128 21564
(80% domestic Water+100%
Total Sewage Generated (STP CAPACITY) Litres 56066 flush Water)
Toatl Effluent Recycle
Available Litres 50460
Total Domestic Water
per day in litres Litres 43128
Total Flush Water per
day in litres Litres 21564
 Storage Tank Sizes (Gravity System Distribution)
a. Capacity of Raw water sump 32 cum
b. Capacity of Domestic water sump 32 cum
c. Capacity of Treated OHT 22 cum
d. Capacity Of Fire Water Tank 200 cum
e. Capacity of Fire OHT Tank 20 cum
f. Capacity of Flush water Tank (OHT) 11 cum
g. Capacity of Soft water Tank 7 cum
Water Tank And Pump Room Design :

Types of Design :
1. Positive Suction.: Generally Positive suction means the suction of the pump shall be continuously
flooded with water from the water tank or from the source.
2. Negative Suction : Generally in Negative suction the pump shall be place above the water tank, so
the priming arrangement shall be done for effective working.

Types of Construction:
1. Above Ground.
a. Positive suction And Negative Suction
b. Negative Suction.

2. Below Ground.
a. Positive Suction
b. Negative Suction.

3. Partially Below Ground.

a. Positive Suction
b. Negative Suction.
BELOW GROUND POSITIVE SUCTION:
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SUCTION :
BELOROUND POSITIVE SUCTION:
External Water Supply:

Building No :1 Building No :2 (Fixture

(Fixture Demand= 50) Demand= 100)
FU=(100) With
50 mm dia
FU=50 With 40
mm dia
FU=(65+50) With
50 mm dia
CENTRALISED OHT
FU=(295) With 50
FU=65 With 40 mm dia
mm dia FU=(80) With 50
mm dia

Building No :3 Building No :4
(Fixture Demand= 65) (Fixture Demand= 80)
DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER SUPPLY PIPES