Exam : Basic Physics I Mechanical & Thermal (Final Exam)

Day & date : May 2016

Instructor : Handhika S. Ramadhan, Ph.D
Attribute : Closed book, open notes
Time : 13.00-15.00

1. A hydraulic lift is used to jack a 960 kg car, 42 cm off the floor. The diameter of the output piston
is 18 cm, and the input force is 380 N.
a. What is the area of the input piston?
b. What is the work done in lifting the car 24 cm?
c. If the input piston moves 13 cm in each stroke, how high does the car move up for ach
stroke?
d. How many strokes are required to jack the car up 42 cm?
e. Show that energy is conserved.
2. You are watering your lawn with a hose when you put your finger over the hose opening to
increase the distance the water reaches. If you are holding the hose horizontally, and the distance
the water reaches increases by a factor of 4. What fraction of the hose opening did you block?
3. In an experiment, 200 g of aluminum (with a specific heat of 900 J/kg.K) at 100oC is mixed with
50 g of water at 20oC, with the mixture thermally isolated.
a. What is the equilibrium temperature?
b. What are the entropy changes of aluminum, the water, and the aluminum-water system?
4. a. During each cycle, a Carnot engine absorbs 750 J as heat from a high temperature reservoir at
360 K, with the low temperature reservoir at 280 K. How much work is done per cycle? b. The
engine is then made to work in reverse to function as a Carnot refrigerator between those same
two reservoirs. During each cycle, how much work is required to remove 1200 J as heat from the
low temperature reservoir?

SOLUTIONS
1. Pascal Law and Hydraulic lever
F1 F 0 380 N 9600 N 2
a. = = 4
A 1=3. 10 m
A 1 A0 A 1
2 2
(9. 10 )
 b. W =F 0 d 0=9600 N 0.42m=4032 J
c. W input =W output
( 380 N )( 0.13 m )=(9600 N )d 0
d 0=0.5 cm
d. (0.5) n = 42
n = 84
e. according to the W input =W output , it can be concluded that with a particular force at a
particular distance can be transformed into a much bigger force and a shorter
distance.

2. Continuity Equation
A 1 v 1= A2 v 2
d1 4 d2
A1 . =A 2 .
t t
A1
A 2= =25
4

3. Entropy and 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

a. Equilibrium temperature
Q =Qout
ma . C a . ( T aT f )=mw .C w . ( T f T w )

J J
(
( 0.2 kg ) 900
kgK
( )
373 K T f ) =(0.05 kg)( 4190
kgK
)(T f 293 K )

T f =330 K =57 C
b. T a=393 K ,T w =293 K , T f =330 K .
For aluminum, dQ=ma . C a . dT and the change of the entropy:
Tf
dQ dT T
= ma . C a =ma . C a . ln f
T T
T a
Ta
S a=

J 330 K J
(
( 0.2 kg ) 900
kgK)ln
373 K
=22.1
k
c. Entropy change on water
 Tf
dQ dT T
= mw . C w =mw . Cw . ln f
T T w
T Tw
S w =

J 330 K J
(
( 0.05 kg ) 4190
kgK)ln
293 K
=+24.9
k
d. Total of entropy change
J
S= S a + S w =22.1+ 24.9=+2.8
k

TL 280 K
4. The efficiency c =1 =1 =0.22
TH 360 K
|W |
a. = W = .Q =( 0.22 ) ( 750 )=167 J
H
|QH|
|Q L| 280 K
b. K c= = =3.5
|Q H||Q L| 360 K280 K
|Q L| 1200
K c= W= =343 J
|W | 3.5