Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(ARGOS)
Chart: 1
ARGOS Overview
Resolutionatat=550
Angular
AngularResolution =550nm: 0.35
nm: 0.35arcsec
arcsec
Wavelength Regime: 400-700
Wavelength Regime: 400-700nm nmFOR
FOR
ISS (Field-of-Regard):
(Field-of-Regard): 120 (full cone)
120 (full cone)
FOV
FOV(Field-of-View)-min: 33xx33arcmin
(Field-of-View)-min: arcmin
Moon SNR
SNR 100 (Min)
100 (Min)
Pointing
PointingAccuracy: +/-
Accuracy: +/-10
10arcsec
arcsec
Autonomous
AutonomousOperation: >>11hour
Operation: hour
Goal
Goal: :
Demonstrate
Demonstrate First
First field
field operation
operation in
in May
May
the
thefeasibility
feasibility
of
of
Interferometry
Interferometry Surrogate
Wireless
technology
technology Ground Station
COMM
Station M.I.T.
RWA
Chart: 2
Full Structure
Chart: 3
Sub-Aperture Manufacturing
TAKAHASHI 8-inch High Precision (RMS WF errors 1/20 ) Telescope
Chart: 4
Relay Optics Design
1. Sub Aperture
2. Collimator
3. FSM+ODL
4. Pyramidal Mirror The
TheAdvantages
Advantagesof ofTwo
TwoMirror
MirrorDesign
Design
5. Beam Combiner the
thecost,
cost,the
thecontroller
controllercomplexity,
complexity,
6. CCD less
lessreflectance
reflectanceloss,
loss,smaller
smallerpossible
possiblemisalignment
misalignment
errors, compactness
errors, compactness
2
3
6
1
4
5
Chart: 5
Allowable Structural
Misalignments
45-A+B = 45- B
A 2B=A Magnification m=10
Chart: 6
Passive/Active Actuators
FSM
FSMMOUNT
MOUNT
7 Mount 14 rad
Angular
Angular Range+/-
Range +/-7
7
Angular
AngularRes.
Res.+/-
+/-0.0008 (14rad)
0.0008(14 rad)
600 rad FSM 0.05 rad Linear
LinearRange
Range11cmcm
Linear Res.11m
LinearRes. m
FSM+ODL
FSM+ODL 2
Angular
AngularRange
Range+/- 600rad
+/-600 rad 3
Angular
AngularRes.
Res.+/- 0.05rad
+/-0.05 rad
Linear
LinearRange
Range1212m
m 1
6
Linear
LinearRes.
Res.0.2
0.2nm
nm 4
5
Pyramid Errors
w/o FSM Correction
SR = 0.444
Pyramid Errors
w/ FSM Correction
Pyramidal Mirror Pyramidal mount SR = 0.960
Chart: 7
Attitude Control System (ACS)
Q d
+ Q e Wheel Body rate
speed
Body rotation
Sensor
Sensor1:1:
Active Electronic
Active ElectronicCompass
Compass
Balancing
Balancing
System
System Sensor
Sensor2:
2:
Viewfinder
Viewfinder
ACS
ACS
Actuator: Sensor
Sensor3:
3:
Actuator: Rate Gyro
Reaction
Reaction Rate Gyro
Wheel
Wheel
Chart: 8
Structures Design
Chart: 9
Sparse-aperture Optics/Control
System (SOCS) Framework
XXAnalyze
AnalyzeOptics
OpticsPerformance
PerformanceRequirements
Requirements
r EE SR SNR FOV ACS
r EE SR PSF MTF SNR FOV ACS
PSF MTF
YYDetermine
DetermineArray
ArrayConfiguration
Configuration
L D # of Aperture
L D # of Aperture
ZZDetermine
DetermineTolerable
TolerableBeam
Beam Track
Combining Errors
Combining Errors WFE
Piston Tilt/Tip Pupil Budget
Piston Tilt/Tip Pupil
mapping RMS
mapping RMS WF
WF Error
Error Budget
Budget Tree
Tree
[[Design/Build
Design/Build
Residual
Optical
Beam
Sub
Assembly/Alignment
Residual Optics
Optical Components
Beam Combininng
Sub Aperture
Assembly/Alignment Errors
Sub-Aperture
Sub-Aperture \\Design ]Design
Design ]Design
Telescope Relay
Telescope RelayOptics
Optics CCD
CCDSystem
System
Aperture RMS
Combininng Errors
Components Errors
Focal_1 M=d/D # Reflection
Focal_1 M=d/D # Reflection
Optics Design
Geometry
Geometry
RMS WFE
Beam
Beam
Combiner # Control Channel
Design WFE
Combiner # Control Channel
WFE
Errors
Errors
Errors
WFE
^^Design,
Design,Analyze,
Analyze,Build
BuildStructures
Structures
Allowable
FSM FMs ODLs Structure Vibration Allowable
FSM FMs ODLs Structure Vibration misalignment
misalignment
__Develop
DevelopWavefront
WavefrontSensors,Controllers
Sensors,Controllers
Chart: 10
Determination of Array Configuration
P (,) Auto-correlation H (,)
Complex Pupil Function Optical Transfer Function (OTF)
Angular
AngularResolution,
Resolution,
Strehl
StrehlRatio
RatioRequirement
Requirement
Find
Findsuitable
suitablePSF,
PSF,MTF
MTF
Determine
Determinethe
the
corresponding
correspondingL,
L,DD
Chart: 11
Impact of [L D] on Resolution
Final
FinalSelection
Selectionfor
forthe
theARGOS
ARGOStestbed
testbed
L=0.19185
L=0.19185mm
D=0.210
D=0.210mm(8
(8inch
inchCOTS
COTStelescope)
telescope)
Chart: 12
Phasing Error Analysis
Piston(OPD) Error
2
D (1 + cos( r )) J1 ( D sin r / )
2 2 n
I
D sin r /
e j 2 ( L k r / ) cos( k )
e
j k
- Mennesons Equation
k =1
/10
0.2 0.2
1.2
-4 -2 0 2
x 10-6 1.2
-4 -2 0 2
x 10-6 /10was
wassuggested
suggested
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
as
asmaximum
maximumpiston
piston
0.2
-4 -2 0 2
-6
0.2
-4 -2 0 2
-6
(OPD)
(OPD)error
error
x 10 x 10 Chart: 13
Phasing Error Requirement
Tilt / Pupil Mapping Error
FEM
FEMTilt
TiltError
ErrorAnalysis
Analysis Pupil
PupilMapping
MappingError
Error::
predicts
predictsmaximum
maximum Golden
GoldenRule
Ruleof
ofBeam
BeamCombining
Combining
allowable: 0.35rad=20
allowable:0.35 rad=20Deg
Deg
D/L
D/L(Entrance
(EntrancePupil)
Pupil)=d/l
=d/l(exit
(exitpupil)
pupil)
Max
Maxallowable 12m
allowable ==12 m
Chart: 14
Magnification vs Shear Error
Chart: 15
ZEMAX, CODE-V
Chart: 16
Complete WF Error Budget
Total Wavefront Error
0.0727 (total RMS) < 0.075
Optical Design Errors Subtelescope w/ Collimator Beam Combiner Beam Combining Error Assembly/Alignment Environmental Error
(Residual Design Error) 0.017 Manufacturing Error 0.041 0.029 0.0309
0.028 0.027
Distortion Fabrication + alignment Primary Piston(Phase) Error Inter-subtelescope alignment Thermal Deformation
0.015 0.015 0.021 0.028 0.015 0.02
Alignment
0.010
(2 / ) 2
Strehl Ratio = e ,= RMS Wavefront error.
Chart: 17
Optical Cost Models
k-th aperture B b
k lk
Lk
Dk dk
Chart: 18
Literature Search for Cost Models
Chart: 19
Small Amateur Telescopes
D Truss f/5 2
Celestron G-f/10
1
C = 28917 D 2.76 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Exponent surprisingly Telescope Diameter D [m]
Chart: 20
Professional Telescope OTA cost
5
x 10
4
CERs for
3.5 Ritchey-Chretien
Classical Cassegrain
Ritchey-Chretien
3
CRC = 376000 D 2.80
OTA Cost [2001 $]
2.5
Classical Cassegrain
2
12
Reaction wheels dominate
10
ACS mass
ACS cost is function of mass
Mass [Kg]
8
$ ACS = co Kg ACS
0.8 6
4
Scale using ARGOS ACS mass
and cost 2
Chart: 22
Sub-System Cost Tables
Chart: 23
Sub-System Cost Tables
Chart: 24
Sub-System Cost Tables
Chart: 25
Labor Cost Table
Chart: 26
Labor Cost Table
Chart: 27
Golay System Costs
Optimum Golay is
Deff-dependent
Labor moves
Golay benefits to
larger Deff
Golays sacrifice
Encircled Energy
EE=83.5% EE=26.4% EE=9.3% EE=3.6% EE=2.2%
Chart: 28
Compact Golay-3
Reduces side-lobes, improves EE,
improves fill factor (SNR)
Sacrifices cost savings
Adding bus & relay optics costs
defines Golay-3 vs. monolith
breakpoint
ARGOS
*
L=1.2xD L=D (Golay) L=0.8xD
ARGOS
Chart: 29
Compact Hex Arrays
Golay-9
Hex is not as cost-efficient at Compact Golay-3
Golay-12
Monolith
Deff=0.42m
Golay-3
Golay-6
Golay