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Research Record

1. Public Transport
Bus safety & accidents
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-24923609

(Source:
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/57609
5/tsgb-2016-report-summaries.pdf)

2. History of cars (archive footage)

The Model T was introduced on October 1, 1908. It had the steering wheel on the
left, which every other company soon copied. The entire engine and transmission
were enclosed; the four cylinders were cast in a solid block; the suspension used two
semi-elliptic springs. The car was very simple to drive, and easy and cheap to repair.
It was so cheap at $825 in 1908 ($21,760 today) (the price fell every year) that by
the 1920s, a majority of American drivers had learned to drive on the Model T.
Ford created a huge publicity machine in Detroit to ensure every newspaper carried
stories and ads about the new product. Ford's network of local dealers made the car
ubiquitous in almost every city in North America. As independent dealers, the
franchises grew rich and publicized not just the Ford but the concept of automobiling;
local motor clubs sprang up to help new drivers and to encourage exploring the
countryside. Ford was always eager to sell to farmers, who looked on the vehicle as
a commercial device to help their business. Sales skyrocketedseveral years
posted 100% gains on the previous year. Always on the hunt for more efficiency and
lower costs, in 1913 Ford introduced the moving assembly belts into his plants,
which enabled an enormous increase in

production.

3. Emergency Services
4. Learning to drive
Passing your driving test has long been seen as a rite of passage, but the rising cost of
running a car is driving more and more young people off the roads. The Department
for Transports recent National Travel Survey shows a sharp drop over the past 18
years in the number of young people holding a full driving licence. While in 1995,
some 43% of 17- to 20-year-olds held a full driving licence, that has plunged to just
31%. The fall is sharpest among young men, where it has dropped from 51% to 30%,
while the percentage of young women with a full driving licence has slipped from
36% to 31%. Over the same period the proportion of 21- to 29-year-olds with full
driving licences has also fallen.
The main reason fewer young people are driving is cost, says Stephen Glaister,
director at the RAC Foundation. Younger people were hit disproportionately hard by
the downturn. Even though employment is now rising, incomes are stagnant, and
many are only in part-time work, and find running a car too expensive.
Spiralling student debt and rising housing costs leave little money for driving lessons,
at around 25 an hour, and the test itself. With the practical test costing up to 75,
and the theory test adding another 31, the cost of buying a car is the least of the
problems facing young drivers. In 1995 a five-year-old Ford Fiesta, a typical first car,
cost 3,250, against 5,510 today, according to figures from motoring guide Glasss.
That is a rise of nearly 70%, almost exactly in line with the increase in average
earnings over the period, says Andrew Jackson, head of analytics at Glasss. In real
terms, the Fiesta isnt any more expensive than it was in 1995, even though the
materials, technology and manufacturing quality are incomparably better.
Other motoring costs have accelerated sharply, according to the RAC Foundations
UK Cost of Motoring Index. While the cost of living has risen 76% since 1995, as
measured by the retail price index, the cost of maintaining a car has risen 140%,
while petrol and oil costs have increased 145%. Meanwhile the cost of tax and
insurance has soared by 170% since 1995, well over twice the rate of inflation. The
average 17-year-old now pays a hefty 1,997 a year for motor insurance, according to
figures from Towers Watson and comparison site Confused.com.
(Source: https://www.theguardian.com/money/blog/2014/sep/16/cost-driving-young-
people-off-road)

5. General Driving knowledge

(Source: https://www.distraction.gov/stats-research-laws/facts-and-statistics.html)

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