PROJECT REPORT

ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for
10 USERS
at
MAATI
lucknow
SUBMITTED BY APPROVED BY
ER. P. D. GUPTA
1. SANTOSH KUMAR
(HOD Civil Engg.)
SIMT LUCKNOW

Year 2016

PROJECT REPORT
Page 1 of 68
 ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for
10 USERS
at
MAATI
lucknow
S.No Name Membershp Course
1. SANTOSH KUMAR 78590 T. Engg. Civil II

Course : Technical Engg. Civil (part-II)

AICTE Institution : S.I.M.T. Lucknow

S. Name Membership
No.
Page 2 of 68
1. SANTOSH KUMAR 78590

APPROVED BY:
P.D. Gupta.
H.O.D Civil Engg. S.I.M.T LUCKNOW

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Behind any successful work there is not only
individual labour perseverance and diligence but also a lot of
guidance help and co- operation of our well wisher words are
insufficient to record my deep sense of gratitude in my work
which leads to purposeful completion of project work.
Page 3 of 68
 I have no words to express my thanks to SHRI PD.
GUPTA (H.O.D. Civil Engg.) S.I.M.T. and SHRI J.C. Jaggi
(lecturer civil Engg.) S.I.M.T. for their vart knowledge, deep
insight and tireless, spared no pains in supervising our
assignment to an abundant conclusion. They have thankful to
them for solving all queries and problems very kindly and
patiently.

A special thanks to all our friends for their healthy

critics, continued encouragement and at all stages of my
assignment my vocabulary fails to express my deep sense of
gratitude of my teacher. Who have been a source of
inspiration and have always been with my ups and downs. I
wish to express my thanks to my office for co- operation and
existing throughout this project.

H.O.D. Civil Engg. SANTOSH

S.I.M.T. KUMAR
Chinhat Dewa Road
Lucknow

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project on DESIGNING,

CONSTRUCTION OF ESTIMATION AND COSTING OF SEPTIC
TANK FOR, 10 USERS MAATI, LUCKNOW has been
Page 4 of 68
prepared by SANTOSH KUMAR (Membership no. 78590),
is partial fulfillment to the award of diploma in civil
Engineering.

This project is record of student own work carried out by

them under my supervision and guidance. In my Knowledge,
this project has not been submitted for the award of any
diploma.

I recommended this project to the award of this

diploma.

E r. P.D Gupta
(H.O.D. Civil Engg. S.I.M.T.
Lucknow)

CONTENT
Page 5 of 68
S.No. Description Page No.

1. Introduction
7
2. Literature review 10
3. Objective of the study 12
4. Planning 14
5. Survey 17
6. Specification 24
7. Need for Sanitary Work 45
8. Constructional Features 48
9. Design 52
10. Estimating 55
11 Abstract Of Cost 60
Conclusion and
12.
Recommendation 62
13. Statement of Problem 65
14. Appendix 68
PROJECT REPORT
ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for
10 USERS
at
Page 6 of 68
 MAATI
lucknow

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
Chapter-1 Literature review:-

In this chapter references which is from various books. It

has been attempted to give ideas over the project.

Chapter- 2 Objective of the study:-

In this chapter objective of the study is to learn the

views of building construction regarding the Residence facility
are necessary in their daily life schedule.

Chapter-3 Planning and are requirement:-

Page 7 of 68
 In this chapter planning of various construction activities
it is an administrative process. It means the fanatical function
which decided by a person What to do a job.

Chapter 4 Surveying of proposed site:-

In this chapter it has tried explain about the instrument

used in surveying. In my opinion this is good site of
construction because soil is good and there is no problem of
electricity and water supply and no problem at all.

Chapter-5 Design:-

In this chapter design of Septic Tank for 10 Users has

also been shown.

Chapter-6 Estimation and costing:-

In this chapter estimation of the Septic Tank as per the

rules costing has also been done.

Chapter- 7 conclusion and Recommendation:-

Page 8 of 68
 In this chapter conclusion and recommendation on
various topics. The total cost of the project is Rs. 53500.00
Rates of various types of items as per latest P.W.D rate.

PROJECT REPORT
ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for
10 USERS
at
MAATI
Page 9 of 68
 lucknow

LITURAURE REVIES

LITERATURE REVISE
Punmia, B.C. etal (1998) have explained various
methods in design of R.C.C. structure that can be adopted
while designing a Septic Tank.

Punmia , B.C. etal (1984) have explained the

preliminary survey. Moreover , the authors have given some
other useful topics like plain surveying and geodetic
surveying. Further the authors have explanation of leveling
and contouring.

Dutta B.N. (1996) has explained centre line method

and separate wall method for estimation quantities of various
Items.

Page 10 of 68
PROJECT REPORT
ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for
10 USERS
at
MAATI
lucknow
Page 11 of 68
 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

A lot of Staff is living MAATI, LUCKNOW. There is

no sewer line passing from MAATI, LUCKNOW Due to this

construction Septic Tank for 10 Users necessary as MAATI

Lucknow Sanitary works usually. Consist of providing flush

Type latrine and connecting with sewer lines of Septic Tank.

Page 12 of 68
PROJECT REPORT
ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for
10 USERS
at
MAATI
lucknow

PLANNING

Page 13 of 68
 PLANNING
It means the managical function which decided by a
person What to do a job.

RAW MATTRAIL:-

Regular supply of raw material in proper quantity

must be ensured. The regular supply required a long from
planning. In the absence if proper supply of material at site of
construction of project may be wintered.

ORGANIZATION:-

Organization depends upon the type and volume of the

work as well as method of execution. An organization set up
carefully and should be simple and balanced.

JOINT EFRORTS:-

A good joints efforts in also necessary between various

agencies working together on the project.

COMMUNICATION:-

Page 14 of 68
 For execution of project and effective communication of
institution ordered or any changes in the plan design is must
essential in an organization.

TRANSPORTATION:-

There should be good transport facility for

transportation to the materials requires at site. Transportation
should be timely so that work may not stop. Development of
project can possible where, there is a good transportation.

ESTIMATING:-

Before starting the project work a proper estimating of

the project should be made so that in future problems may be
avoided.

Page 15 of 68
PROJECT REPORT
ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for
10 USERS
at
MAATI
lucknow

SURVEY

Page 16 of 68
 SURVEY
RECONNISAISANCE SURVEY:-

In this survey we draw roughly sketch the proposed site.

The topography of site is in the level.

PRELICINARY SURVEY:-

In this survey we select the site for septic tank. We

marked the area of tank on the select site.

DETAILED SURVEY:-

1-PLANE TABLE SURVEY:-

In detailed survey, first we do plane table survey then

we do orientation by back sight method. We marked all the
main objects or details. In this survey the following apparatus
are used-

(I) Plane table with tripod.

(II) Plumb-Bob.
(III) Alidade.
(IV) U-fork etc.

Page 17 of 68
 2-CONTOUR SURVEY:-
We prepare the contour map by contour survey finding out reduced
level of main points. In contouring survey we selected the main station at the
distance of about 10m distance. In this survey the following apparatus are
used-

(I) Dumpy Level.

(II) Tape.
(III) Tripod.
(IV) Leveling staff.
(V) Pegs etc.

DRAINGING:-

Through survey it is formed that sewer line is available at

MOHANLALGANJ, LUCKNOW which is much closer to our site and
therefore septic tank not be constructed for sewage. Sewage directly disposed
in sewer line.

HIGH FLOOD LEVEL:-

During survey we founded that high level is 60cm. down from the
ground level.

TYPE OF SOIL:-

Page 18 of 68
 The soil of selected site is sandy alluvial and its bearing capacity is 15
T/m 2

ELECTRICITY:-

There is no electric problem because MOHANLALGANJ,

LUCKNOW has a super power station which can bear the load of electricity.

WATER SUPPLY:-

There is no problem for water supply. The ground water level is not so
down.

SURVEY RESULT:-

In my opinion this is good site for construction because soil is good

and there is no problem of electricity and water supply and no problem at all.

Field Exposure Survey

Page 19 of 68
 Stati
S.N on L C R B.S I.S F.S H.S R.L Remark
1.11 101. 100.00
1
B.M O 1 0 Assume
b.m=10
2
C 0 1.225 99.885 0m
3 L1 10 1.250 99.860
4 L2 20 1.230 99.880
100.05
5
L3 30 1.105 0
6 L4 40 1.160 99.950
10
7
R1 M 1.345 99.765
20
8
R2 M 1.395 99.715
30
9
R3 M 1.410 99.700
40
10
R4 M 1.440 99.670
10 1.
11
C1 M 240 99.870
12 L1 10M 1.275 99.835
13 L2 20M 1.250 99.860
14 L3 30M 1.235 99.875
15 L4 40M 1.205 99.905
10
16
R1 M 1.260 99.850
20
17
R2 M 1.340 99.700
30
18
R3 M 1.305 99.805
40
19
R4 M 1.240 99.870
20
20
C2 M 1.685 99.125
21 L1 10M 1.150 99.960
22 L2 20M 1.210 99.900
23 L3 30M 1.250 99.860
24 L4 40M 1.265 99.845

Page 20 of 68
 10
25
R1 M 1.195 99.915
20
26
R2 M 1.220 99.890
30
27
R3 M 1.250 99.860
40
28
R4 M 1.340 99.770
29 C3 30 1.280 99.830
30 L1 10M 1.230 99.880
31 L2 20M 1.245 99.865
32 L3 30M 1.285 99.825
33 L4 40M 1.245 99.865
10
34
R1 M 1.150 99.960
20
35
R2 M 1.330 99.780
30
36
R3 M 1.380 99.730
40
37
R4 M 1.370 99.710
38 C4 40 1.450 99.660
39 L1 10M 1.305 99.805
40 L2 20M 1.335 99.775
41 L3 30M 1.240 99.870
42 L4 40M 1.200 99.910
10
43
R1 M 1.245 99.865
20
44
R2 M 1.320 99.790
30
45
R3 M 1.330 99.780
40
46
R4 M 1.410 99.700
47 C5 50 1.395 99.715
48 L1 10M 1.300 99.810
49 L2 20M 1.410 99.700
50 L3 30M 1.220 99.890

Page 21 of 68
51 L4 40M 1.370 99.740
10
52
R1 M 1.280 99.830
20
53
R2 M 1.425 99.685
30
54
R3 M 1.395 99.715
40
55
R4 M 1.360 99.750
56 C6 60 1.320 99.790
57 L1 10M 1.390 99.720
58 L2 20M 1.220 99.890
59 L3 30M 1.245 99.865
60 L4 40M 1.195 99.915
10
61
R1 M 1.390 99.720
20
62
R2 M 1.410 99.700
30
63
R3 M 1.435 99.675
40
64
R4 M 1.400 99.710
65 C7 70 1.230 99.880
66 L1 10M 1.115 99.960
67 L2 20M 1.295 99.815
68 L3 30M 1.320 99.790
69 L4 40M 1.355 99.775
10
70
R1 M 1.355 99.775
20
71
R2 M 1.365 99.745
30
72
R3 M 1.380 99.730
40
73
R4 M 1.375 99.715
74 C8 80 1.300 99.810
75 L1 10M 1.250 99.860
76 L2 20M 1.220 99.890
77 L3 30M 1.210 99.900
Page 22 of 68
78 L4 40M 1.290 99.820
10
79
R1 M 1.240 99.870
20
80
R2 M 1.320 99.790
30
81
R3 M 1.365 99.755
40 1.4
82
R4 M 2 99.690

Arithmetical check
BS~F.S=1st R.L-Last R.L
1.110-1.420=100-99.690
0.31=0.31

PROJECT REPORT
ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for
Page 23 of 68
 10 USERS
at
MAATI
lucknow

SPECIFICATIONS

Earth work in Excavation in foundation

(1)- Before the earthwork is started, the whole area where the
work is to be done shall be cleared or grass roots of trees
and other organic matter.

(2)- The excavation shall be carried out exactly in accordance

with the dimensions shown on the drawings or such other
dimensions as the Engineer-in-Charge may decide.

(3)- Side of the trenches shall be vertical and its bottom shall
be perfectly leveled, both longitudinally and transversely.
Page 24 of 68
(4)- During excavation rocky are soils are found these shall be
leveled as for as possible and the small spaces which are
difficult to level shall be filled in with concrete.

(5)- In The excavation in earth, the bottom of the trenches

shall be sprinkled patches of bad or hallows shall be
removed by placing concrete.

(6)- No material excavation from foundation shall be paced

nearer than one meter to the outer edges of the
excavation.

(7)- Water in foundation must be pumped out and where it is

apprehended that the sides fall down arrangement shall
be made for adequate timber shoring.
(8)- When it is specified that the work is to be carried out
without removing pipes, cables, sewers, etc all of them
shall be temporarily shored and saved from the damage.

(9)- The materials or valuables found during excavation shall

be the property of management.

(10)- The cost of all materials and labours required for fencing
in and protection against risk of accidents due to open
exaction shall be provided.
Page 25 of 68
 CEMENT CONCRETE
(A) MATERIALS:-

(1) COARSE AGGREGATE:-

It shall be crushed or broken from hard stone obtained

from approved quarry. It shall be hard, strong dense and
durable, Elena and from dust, flaky piece and shall be roughly
cubical in shape. Unless specially mentioned the size of the
coarse aggregate shall be 20 mm graded down and shall be
retained in a 5 mm square mesh so that the voids do not
exceed 42 percent.

(2) FINE AGGREGATE:-

Sand as fine aggregate shall be coarse, consisting of

sharp,

angular grains and passes through 4.75 mm I.S. Sieve.

(3) CEMENT:-

Cement shall be fresh Portland cement and conform to

the I.S.269 up-to-date modification.

Page 26 of 68
(4) WATER:- Water used shall be clean and reasonably free
from injurious quantities of deleterious material such as oils,
acids, alkalis, salts and vegetable growth generally potable
water shall be used.

(B) PROPORTIONING:-

Proportion of cement, sand coarse aggregate shall be

1:2:4 or as specified. Coarse aggregate and sand shall be
measured by measuring box 30cm X 30cm X 38 cm. Cement
shall be measuring by bag weighting 50kg.

Sand be measured in the basis of its volume. While

measuring the aggregate, shaking remeeeing or hammering
should not be done.

(C) MIXING:-
(1) HAND MIXING:-

The mixing shall be done a clean water light masonry or

concrete slab. The sand and cement shall be mixed
thoughroly with spade, turning the mixture over and again
unit it is of even color throughout and free from streaks
coarse aggregate shall be spread out and the sand cement
mixture shall be spread on its top, alternatively, the reverse

Page 27 of 68
operation may be done. This shall be mixed at least three
times by shoveling and turning over by twist from centre to
side then back to the centre. A hollow shall be made on the
middle of the mixed pile. Three quarters of the total quantity
water required shall be added while the material is turned in
awards the centre with spades.

(2) MACHINE MIXING:- Measured quantity of dry

coarse aggregate shall be placed first in the hopper. This shall
be followed with measured quantity of fine aggregate and
then cement. The dry material shall be mixed in the mixing
drum for at least four terns of the drum after which the
correct quantity of water shall be added gradually while the
drum is in motion .The total quantity of water for mixing shall
be introduced before 25% time of mixing has elapsed shall be
regulated to achieve a specific water cement ratio.

(3) MIXING TIME:-

The material shall be mixed for a period of not less than 2

minutes and unit a uniform colour and consistency is
obtained.

(D) CONSISTENCY:-
Page 28 of 68
 The quantity of water to be used for each mix of 50
kg cement to give required consistency shall not be more
than 27 liters for 1:1 1/2:3 and vibrate concrete; the limit
specified may be suitably reduced to avoid segregation. The
quantity of water shall be regulated by carrying out regular
slump tests.

(E) LAYING:-

The concrete used in the work shall be laid gently

in layers not exceeding 15 cm and shall be thoroughly
vibrated by means of mechanical vibrates till a dense
concrete is obtained. Hand compaction shall be by concrete
layer that the bottom layer dose not finally set before top
layer is placed. Compaction shall be completed before the
initial setting I.E. within 30 minutes of addition of water to the
dry mixture. During cold weather casting of concrete shall not
be done when the temperature falls below 4.50.c.

(F) PROTECTION AND CURING:-

Freshly laid concrete shall be protected from rain

by suitable covering. After 24 hours of laying of concrete the
Page 29 of 68
surface shall be cured by flooding with water of about 25mm
depth or by covering with wet absorbent materials. That
curing shall be done for a minimum period of 14 days. Over
the foundation concrete, the masonry work may be stared
after 48 hours of its lying, but the curing of cement concrete
shall be continued along with the masonry work for a
minimum period of 14 days. The water used for curing shall
not produce any objectionable stains or unsightly deposit of
concrete surface.

(G) FORMWORK

If centering and shuttering are required to be done for

this work these shall be done in accordance with the
specifications for formwork under reinforced cement
concrete.

DAMP PROOF COURSE

D.P.C. of cement should have a mix 1:2:4 or 1:1 1/2 .3

usual thickness 2.5cm to 4cm.

(A) MATERIALS:-

Coarse aggregate shall be of clean, hard and dense

stone chip 12mm and sand shall be clean, sharp and coarse
of average 5mm and from dust. Cement shall be fresh
Page 30 of 68
Portland Cement Water Proofing compound shall be of their
standard specifications.

(B) MIXING:-

All materials shall be measured by volume with gauge

box. Dry coarse aggregate shall be staked evenly on the
platform. Sand and cement in the specified quantities at the
first shall be mixed dry till of uniform colour and Spread over
the stacked course aggregate. The material shall be turned
over without adding water and at least further 3times adding
the required quantity of water gradually. Water proofing
compound pudeo @ 5% or 3% by the weight of cement to
make it water proof.

(C) PREPARATION OF BASE:

The top walls on which D.P.C. is to be laid shall be

constructed with brick edge or with frogs of the brick down.
The top of the plinth bed over which D.P.C is to be placed
shall be thoroughly cleaned with a steel brush , washed and
wetted before laying the coarse of concrete. Wooden Straight
edges shall be fixed on plinth wall having the same inner
width as that of required width of D.P.C.

Page 31 of 68
(D) LAYING:-

D.P.C. may be laid to the full length of superstructure as

specified in the drawing .It shall be laid to the 2.5cm to 4cm
over the plinth wale flush with door surface and not be
carried across The door ways or such other opening D.P.C.
shall then be consolidated by tamping, leveled both
longitudinally and transversely laying shall be completed on
the same day.

(E) CURING:-

D.P.C. shall be kept welted for at least 7 days after

laying, if the brickwork is not ready to proceed further .but in
any case no brickwork shall be commenced on the freshly laid
damp. Proof course unless the D.P.C. has been flooded with
water for at least 48 hours.

The D.P.C. may also be of 2cm thick layer of cement mortar

(1:2) mixed with 5% pudeo by weight of cement.

First-class Bricks :-

Page 32 of 68
 Bricks should be molded from good earth, free from all

traces of saltpeter or other sales. They should be of uniform deep-red,

chery or copper colour, thoroughly brunt without being verified. They

should be hard, sound and of uniform sizes and shape having each two

adjacent plane surfaces at true right angles. The bricks should be free

from cracks, chips, flaws, or humps of any kind. They should not show

any signs of efflorescence either in dry state or after soaking in water.

They shall be homogeneous in texture and emit a clear ringing sound

on being struck. Dry bricks should not absorb more than one-sixth of

their weight when immersed in water for one hour. They should not

break when two bricks in two hands are struck together or when

dropped from breast height on the ground.

Bricks should be of standard dimensions as per I.S.I. (19cmX 9cm) or

as prescribed by the Public works Department.

Cement :-
The cement used for reinforced concrete works shall be ordinary

Portland cement or rapid-hardening Portland cement conforming to

Page 33 of 68
I.S. 269 up-to-date or blast furnace slag cement conforming to I.S.

455-1962 or high alumina cement of approved specifications. The

minimum compressive strength of ordinary Portland cement as per I.S.

269 should be 175 kg/cm2 after 7 days and the minimum tensile

strength of after 7 days should be 25kg/co2. The initial setting time

should not be less than 30 minutes and the final setting time should not

be more than 10 hours.

Sand:-
The fine aggregate (sand) shall conform to either I.S. 383-1963 or

I.S. sieve No. 480 (approximately 4.75 mm) and retain on No. 15 sieve

(5.5mm). The fineness modulus of coarse sand shall be determined by

taking 500gms of it from a representative sample of sand and passing it

successively through S. sieves No. 480 No.240 No. 120 No.60 No. 15.

Medium sand may be used in cement mortar for masonry,

plastering, pointing etc. and bituminous works of road. Sand filling in

plinth, where specified may be done with fine sand. The fineness

modulus of fine sand would not be less than one.

Page 34 of 68
Water :-
In concrete works the water used for both mixing and curing shall

be free from injurious amounts of deleterious materials. Potable water

is generally considered satisfactory for mixing and curing concrete.

Cement Plastering :-
(a) Materials : Cement shall be fresh Portland cement and sand shall

be medium quality, cleaned, free from organic matter or salts. All

the materials including water shall be of standard specification.

(b) Preparation of mortar :- The materials shall be at first mixed dry

thoroughly till uniform in colour in the required proportion and

then shall be mixed wet adding water slowly and gradually for at

least four times to give a uniform paste. So much material shall be

prepared at a time as can be used within the initial setting time (30

minutes) of cement.

(c) Preparation of mortar :- The surface of the wall shall be brushed,

cleaned, washed, watered and wetted with water before plastering.

In case of cement plaster on cement concrete the face shall be

Page 35 of 68
 lightly roughened, cleaned, washed and wetted. To ensure uniform

thickness of plaster as specified, narrow strips of about 10 cm wide

plaster shall be applied first a distance of about 1 m centres and

the gaps between such strips shall immediately be filled up with

mortar.

(d) Laying :- The plastering shall be started from the top and worked

towards the ground. The whole surface shall be made flush with

wooden straight edges and rubbed thoroughly with wooden

straight edges and rubbed thoroughly with wooden floats to ensure

and even surface. Rounding of couners if desired by the Engineer-

in-Charge shall be carried out in one operation.

(e) Curing :- Plastering surface shall be kept wet by sprinkling water

after 12 hours for at least 7 days and shall be protected from rain

or sun.

Reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C.)

Steel-Steel reinforcing bars shall be of mild steel or deformed steel of

standard specifications and shall be free from corrosion, loose rust scales, oil,
Page 36 of 68
grease, paint, etc. The steel bar shall be round and capable of being bent
(doubled over) without fracture. Bars shall be hooked and bent accurately and
placed in position as per design and drawing and bound together tight with 20
S.W.G. annealed steel wire at their point olintersection. Bars shall be bent
cold by applying gradual and even motion, bars of 40 mm (11A") diameter
and above may be bent by heating to dull red and allowed to cool slowly
without immersing in water or quenching. joints in the bar should be avoided
as far: s possible, when joints have to be made an overlap of 40 times
diameter of the bar shall be given with proper hooks at ends and joints should
be staggered. Bigger diameter bars should.be joined by welding and tested
before placing in position. While concreting steel bars shallbe given side and
bottom covers of concrete by placing precast cover blocks underneath of 1 ; 2
cement mortar 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm (I" x 1") in section and thickness of specified
cover, 4 cm to 5 cm (1 " to 2") for beam and 1 cm to 2 cm (1/2" to 3/4") for
slab. During laying and compacting of concrete the reinforcing bars should
not move from their positions and bars of the laid portions should not be
disturbed.

Centering and shutteringCentering and shuttering shall be made with

timber or steel plate close and tight to prevent leakage or mortar, with
necessary props, bracings and wedges, sufficiently strong and stable and
should not yield on laying concrete and made in such a way that they can be
slackened and removed gradually without disturbing the concrete. No
Page 37 of 68
plastering should be made on the concrete surface. A coat of oil washing
should be applied over the shuttering or paper should be spread to have a
smooth and finished surface and to prevent adherence of concrete. For slab
and beam small camber should be given in centering, 1 cm per 2.5 m (1/2"
per 10 ft) with a maximum of 4 cm ( 1 1/2"). Centering and shuttering should
not be removed before 14 days in general (4 days for R.C.C. columns, 10
days for roof slab, and 14 days for beams). The centering and shuttering shall
be removed slowly and carefully so that no part is disturbed or damaged. (For
details of centering and shuttering see item 29).

Proportion of cement concrete- Cement concrete shall be of I : 2 : 4

proportion by volume for slabs, beams and lintels, and 1 : 1 1/2. : 3
proportion for columns unless otherwise specified.

Materials for concrete-Cement, sand and coarse aggregate shall be same as

for cement concrete in item 4. the stone aggregate shall usually be 20 mm to
6 mm (34" to %") gauge unless otherwise specified. For heavily reinforced
concrete members as in the case of ribs of main beams the maximum size of
aggregate should usually be restricted to 5 mm less than the minimum clear
distance between the main bars or 5 mm less than the minimum cover to the
reinforcement which-ever is .smaller.- Where the reinforcement is widely
spaced, limitations of the size of the aggregate may not be so important.

MixingSame as for cement concrete in item 4.

Page 38 of 68
LayingBefore laying the concrete, the shuttering shall be clean, free from
dust, dirt and other foreign .matters. The concrete shall be deposited (not
dropped) in its final position. In case of columns and walls it is desirable to
place concrete in full height if practical so as to avoid construction joints but
the progress of concreting in the vertical direction shall be restricted to one
meter per hour. Care should he taken that the time between mixing and
placing of concrete shall not exceed 20 minutes so that the initial setting
process is not interfered with. During winters concreting shall not be done if
the temperature falls below 4C. Concrete shall be protected by frost and
concrete affected by frost shall be removed and work redone.

Concrete shall be compacted by mechanical vibrating machine until a dense

concrete is obtained. The vibration shall continue during the entire period of
placing concrete. Compaction shall be completed before the initial setting
starts, within 30 minutes of addition of water to the. dry mixture. Over-
vibration which will separate coarse aggregate from concrete shall be
avoided. After removal of the form work in due time, the concrete surfdee
shall be free from honey combing, air holes or any other defect.

Concrete shall be laid continuously, if laying is suspended for rest or the

following day, the end shall be sloped at an angle of 30D and made rough for
future jointing. When the work is resumed, the previous sloped position shall
be roughened, cleaned and watered and a coat of neat cement shall be applied

Page 39 of 68
and the fresh concrete shall, be laid. For successive layer the upper layer shall
be laid before the lower layer has set.

Structures exceeding 45 metres in length shall be divided by one or more

expansion joints. Structures in which plan dimension changes abruptly shall
be provided with expansion joints at thesection where such changes occur.
Reinforcement shall not extend across an expansion joint at the break
between the sections shall be complete.

CuringSame as for cement concrete in item 4.

Finishing-1f specified the exposed surface shalt be plastered with I, : 3

cement sand mortar not exceeding 6 mm (1/4") thickness and the plastering
shall be applied immediately after removal of the centering while the concrete
is green. Immediately before applying the plaster the surface of concrete shall
be wetted and neat cement wash shall be given.

Measurement-Measurement shalt be taken in cu m (cu ft) for the finished

work and no deduction shall be made for the volume of steel. Steel
reinforcement shall be measured under a separate item in quintal (cwt).
Plastering, if an shall not be included in the measurement. The rate for R.C.C.
work shall be for the complete work excluding steel but including centering
and shuttering and all tools and plants.

Support and Protection to Pipelines

Page 40 of 68
All drainage and sewer pipes shall be laid sockets leading uphill. Preferably
the pipes shall rest on solid and even foundations for the full length of the
barrel. However, the pipe manufacturer's instruction as approved by the
Engineer shall be followed in the matter of support and jointing.

Entry into Structures

For entry of the pipelines into any building or structure suit-able conduits
under the structure or sleeves shall be used. The conduits and sleeves shall be
such as to allow easy repairs and replacement of the pipes. When openings or
chases are required to be made in the structure for entry of pipelines,
locations and sizes shall be marked and checked by the Engineer. After laying
of the pipeline the openings and chases shall be mended.

Traps and Ventilating Pipes

Pipes for carrying off the waste from water closed and waste water and
overflow water from baths, wash basins, sinks to drains shall be trapped
immediately beneath such fixtures. Traps shall have minimum water seal of
50 mm and shall be ventilated whenever such ventilation is necessary to
maintain water seal of the trap. Ventilating pipes shall be carried up vertically
form the drain to a height of at least 600 mm above the outer covering of the
roof of the building or as shown on drawings. All vertical ventilating, anti-

Page 41 of 68
syphonage and similar pipe shall be covered on top with a cowl. The cowl
shall be made of C.I. unless desired otherwise by the Engineer.

Jointing

Jointing of laid pipes shall be so planned as to avoid completely any

movement or strain to the joints already made. If any joint is suspected to be
damaged it shall be opened out and redone. All joints between pipes, pipes
and fittings and manholes shall be gastight when above ground and watertight
when underground. Method of jointing shall be as per instruction of the pipe
and fittings manufacturer and as approved by the Engineer. However, in the
absence of any instructions available from the manufacturer the methods as
detailed hereunder shall be used.

(a) Cast Iron Pipes : Socket and spigot pipes be joined by cast lead shall
joints. The 'spigot shall be centred in the socket of the next pipe by tightly
caulking in sufficient turns of tarred gasket or hemp yarn to have unfilled half
depth of socket. When the gasket or hemp yarn has been caulked tightly a
jointing ring shall be placed round the barrel and tightened against the face of
the socket to prevent airlock. Molten lead shall then be poured into fill the
remainder of the socket and caulked with suitable tools right round the joint
to make up for shrinkage of the molten metal on cooling and shall be finished
3 mm behind the socket face.

Page 42 of 68
In special cases if flanged joints are accepted by the Engineer the joints shall
be made leakproof by inserting approved type of rubber or other gaskets not
less than 1.5 mm thick. The -bolts shall be secured in stages to avoid uneven
strain. Damaged gaskets shall be replaced.

(b) Glazed Stoneware Pipes: Tarred gasket or hemp yarn soaked in thick
cement slurry shall first be placed round the spigot of each pipe and the
spigot shall then be placed into the socket of the pipe previously laid. The
pipe then shall be adjusted and fixed in the correct position and the gasket
caulked tightly so as not to rill more than 1/4 of the total depth of the socket.
The remainder of the socket shall be filled with a stiff mixture of cement
mortar of 1 : 1 proportion. When the socket is filled, a fillet shall be formed
round the joint with a trowel, forming an angle of 45 with the barrel of the
pipe. The newly made joints shall be protected, until set, from use and rain
and shall be covered with damp sacking or other suitable materials.

(c) G I Pipes: Threads shall be cut with sharp tools, and before jointing all
scales shall be removed from pipes by suitable means. The screw threads of
the pipe shall be cleaned out and the joints mode by screwing the fittings after
treating the thread with approved pipe jointing compound. Once a joint has
been screwed up it shall not be backed off unless the threads are recleaned
and new compound applied.

Page 43 of 68
(d) Jointing Cast Iron Pipes with Stoneware Pipes: Where any cast iron
soil pipe, ventilating pipe or trap is connected with a stoneware or semi-
verified waste pipe or drain communicating with a sewer, the beaded spigot
and of such cast iron soil pipe, waste or ventilating or trap shall be inserted
into a socket of such stoneware pipe or drain and the joint made with mortar
consisting of one part of cement and one part of clean, sharp, and after
placing a tarred gasket or hemp yarn soaked in neat cement slurry found the
joint and inserted in it by means of a caulking tool.

(e) Jointing Stoneware with Cast Iron Pipes: Where any water closet pan
or earthenware trap connected to such a pan is to be jointed with a cast iron
soil pipe, the joint between the stoneware spigot and the cast iron socket shall
always be of a flexible nature, such joint shall be made with a mixture of
bitumen and chopped asbestos fire.

Trenches and other Excavation Width of the trench at the bottom shall be
such as to provide 200 mm clearance on either side of the pipe for facility of
laying and jointing.

Page 44 of 68
PROJECT REPORT
ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for
10 USERS
at
MAATI
lucknow

NEED FOR SANITARY

WORK
Page 45 of 68
 SANITARY AND WATER SUPPLY WORKS

SANITARY WORKS

Sanitary works usually consists of providing flush type latrines and connecting with Sewer
lines of septic tank. For estimating the numbers of different fittings are found out and rates
are taken per number for supply and fixing in position. The latrine scat with flushing
cistern, flushing pipe, etc., are usually taken as one set, and rate per set for the complete
work is taken in the estimate. Flushing cistern, with flushing pipe may also be taken
separately. Wash-hand basins, Bath tubs, Urinals, etc. are also estimated per number for
the complete work. The fittings as Mica valve, Cowl, Gully trap Master trap, etc., are also
estimated number wise. The pipe lines of different materials of different diameters are
estimated on running metre (r ft) basis for the Complete work, supplying and fixing in
position including excavation, refilling, jointing etc. together with lime concrete bedding
as per specification. Fittings as bends, junctions etc. are not measured separately. Length
shall be measured along the centre line of pipes and fittings. Masonry Manholes and
Inspection Chambers are estimated per number for different sizes fitted with GI manhole
for the complete work. Detailed estimates for Manholes and Inspection chamber may also
be prepared if required. Latrine seat, syphon. footrests, flushing cistern, flushing pipe etc.
each may be taken separately and estimated per number.

Page 46 of 68
 SEPTIC TANK
In rural areas, in factories and in unsewered urban and semi-urban areas where adequate
water supply is available from pipe, well or any other source, septic tank is suitable for
disposal of night soil. Water is required for the flow of the night soil from latrine to the
septic tank and for tile functioning of septic tank. Septic tank is so designed that the
sewage is retained in the tank for 24 hours during which period certain biological
decomposition by the action of anaerobic bacteria takes place which breaks and liquifies
the night soil leaving small quantity of solid which settles in the form of sludge at the
bottom of the tank and clear water flows out of the septic tank. The effluent from the
domestic septic tank is usually disposed by absorption in soil through soakpit or subsoil
drains. In bigger septic tank the effluent from the tank should further be treated or purified
by sprinkling or contact bed filter cir by aeration and then let off into 'nala' or drain. The
effluent of the septic tank may also be discharged into open drain after disinfection by
treating with chlorine or bleaching powder in a small chamber outside the septic tank. No
disinfectant as bleaching powder. phenyl. etc., should be used in cleaning latrines as the
disinfectant entering the septic tank kills the bacteria growth and retard the action of
biological decomposition. After every use of the latrine it should be flushed with about 14
litres (3 gallons) of water from a flushing cistern or by sudden hand pouring of a bucket of
water. Domestic water. paper, kitchen water and surface water should not be allowed to
drain into the septic tank.

Page 47 of 68
PROJECT REPORT
ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for
10 USERS
at
MAATI
lucknow
CONSTRUCTIONAL
FEATURES

Page 48 of 68
 SEPTIC TANK
Size of septic tank:- The capacity of the septic tank depends on the interval of sludge
removal or cleaning. Normally sludge may be removed once in every two years and the
liquid capacity of 'septic tank may be taken as 0.13 cu m (1301itre) per head (5 cu ft per
head) to 0.07 cu m (701itre) per head (2.5 cu ft per head). For small number of users 0.13
cu m (130 litre) per head and for large number of users 0.07 cu m (70 litre) per head may
be taken as capacity of the tank. Septic tank shall have a minimum width of 60 cm (2-0")
and a minimum liquid depth of one metre (3'-3") below water level with a minimum free
board (open space) of 30 cm (1 ft) above water level. The septic tank is usually consists of
two chambers (compartments) with a partition wall at a distance of about 1/2 length of the
tank from the inlet end. The partition wall is raised above the liquid surface by 15 cm (6")
and a hole of 15 cm x 15 cm (6"x6") is made at a height of 45 cm (1-6") from the bed of
the tank to connect the two chambers. Small tanks may be made of one chamber with
hanging baffle wall at a distance of 1/ 2 to 1/5 distance from the inlet end. Total combined
length of the tank shall be 2 to 4 times the breadth. Design calculation of septic tank for 25
users and 20 users in metric system have been given in the following pages.

Septic tank is usually consists of brick wall in cement mortar not less than 20 cm
(9") thick and the foundation floor are of cement concrete 1:3:6 or 1:2:4. Both inside and
outside faces of wall and floor are plastered with a minimum thickness of 12 mm (1/2)
thick cement mortar 1: 3 and, inside corners are rounded. Floor should be given a slope of
about 1 in 20 for the convenience of collection and removal of sludge. Septic tank may
also be built with stone masonry, precast or cast in situ cement concrete of 1:2:4
proportion. The cover of the septic tank is of R.C.C. slab with suitable circular openings
with cast iron manhole cover for cleaning and inspection. For small septic tank precast

Page 49 of 68
R.C.C. stab in strips may be provided, one or two pieces may be removed for cleaning and
refitted.

Connecting pipe should be 100 mm (4") minimum diameter and may be of S.W.
pipe, R.C.C. or Hume pipe, or cast iron pipe. Inlet and outlet may be made through T-
junction pipe or baffle wall of precast R.C.C. may be provided at a distance 1/5 of length
of the septic tank so that inlet sewage may not disturb the working of the tank. Ventilation
pipe of 50 mm (2") minimum diameter are provided up to a height of 1.80 meter (6 ft). If
the septic tank is within 15 metre (50 ft) of a habitable building, the ventilating pipe should
be carried to a height of 1.80 metre (6 ft) above the roof of the building.

Starting of new septic rank:- A septic tank should be fitted with water to its outlet
level before night soil as allowed to enter the tank.. It should then be seeded with sludge
obtained from the septic tank in the neighbourhood. In the absence of the sludge a small
quantity of decaying organic matter such as decomposed cowdung may be introduced.

Desludging: Removal of sludge from the septic tank is required once in a year
or once in every two years. The quantity of dry sludge is about 70 gram per head per day
and the volume of the digested sludge is about 0.00021 cu m (0.21 l) per head per day. For
small domestic septic tank cleaning or removal of sludge may be done through the opening
at the top cover after dewatering. For large septic tank desludging or removal of sludge
may be done through sludge pipe and value placed at the lowest point of the tank
connected to a separate sludge chamber having its bed lower than the bed of the septic
tank. Desludging should not be done completely, a small quantity of sludge should be left
to act as seed for the quick growth of anaerobic bacteria. (In practice the septic tanks are
cleaned once in every 3 years or even more).

Page 50 of 68
 Disposal of effluent by absorption: Disposal of effluent from the septic tank
may be done by absorption in soil by soak pit or by sub-soil drain. Their size and length
depend on the number of users and nature of soil. The soil absorption system should be at
least at a minimum distance of 7.5 metres (25 ft) from any source of drinking water and
should be at least at a minimum distance of 6 metres (20 ft) from the habitable building to
avoid damage to structure.

Page 51 of 68
 PROJECT REPORT
ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for
25 USERS
at
S.I.M.T,
lucknow

DESIGN

Design of Septic Tank for 10 users

Liquid capacity 0.1 Cu m Per users.

Liquid capacity = 10 x 0.1 cum = 1.00 cu m

Page 52 of 68
Storage capacity of sludge for one year = 0.09 cu m

For 10 users = 0.09 x 10 = 0.90 cum

Total capacity of Tank = 1.00 + 0.90 = 1.90 cu m

For 20% Future intersion = 1.90 x 20/100 = 0.38 cu m

Total 1.90 m + 0.38 = 2.28 cu m

Suppose liquid depth 1.00 m

Floor area of Tank = 2.28 m3/1.00m = 2.28m2

Suppose Length of the tank in 2.5 times of Breadth

L x B = 2.28m2

2.5 xB x B = 2.28m2

2 2.28 m2
B= =0.91 m
2.5 m2

Say B = 0.90m

Length of Tank = 0.9 x 2.5 = 2.25 m

Say 2.50 m

Taken free Board 30 cm

Page 53 of 68
Depth of the tank = 1.0 + 0.30 m = 1.30 m

Inside dimension of Tank = 2.50 m x 0.90 m x 1.30 m

Page 54 of 68
 PROJECT REPORT
ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for
10 USERS
at
MAATI
lucknow

ESTIMATING

SEPTIC TANK FOR 10 USERS

Details of Measurement and Calculation of Quantities

Page 55 of 68
S. Item No. Measurements Quantit Remarks
N. L B H/D y
(m) (m) (m)
1. E/W in excavation in 1 3.40 1.70 1.45 8.38 B=0.90 +
foundation 0.4+0.4=1.70 m
Total 8.38m3
2. Cement concrete in
foundation
Foundation and Floor 1 3.40 1.70 0.15 0.87
Total 0.87 m3
3. Cement concrete 1:2:4 in
Floor, surface area and
slope
Floor Grit Kosth 1 0.90 0.5 0.05 0.03 Average
thickness = 5
cm
Tank Kosth 1 2.00 0.90 0.05 0.09
Total 0.12
4. Pre cast R.C.C. slab 1:2:4
with including 0.70%
M.S. steel and Forum 1 3.10 1.40 0.10 0.43 5 cm outside
work complete
Total 0.43m3
Deduction 1 0.60 0.45 0.10 0.93 m3 (Holi Portion)
Total 0.03 m3
Net Total 0.40 m3
5 First class Brick work in
Foundation and plinth 1:4
cement sand mortar

Septic Tank
i. Long wall
1st offset 2 3.20 0.30 0.60 1.15 There is no
deduction of
hole area
because area in
Page 56 of 68
 less than 0.1
mm2
2nd offset 2 3.00 0.20 0.75 0.90
ii. Short wall
1st offset 2 0.90 0.30 0.60 0.33
2nd offset 2 0.90 0.20 0.75 0.27
iii. Partition wall 1 0.90 0.10 1.20 0.11
Total 2.76m3
6. 12 mm thick plaster 1:3
cement sand mortar
Inside Tank
Long wall 2 2.60 - 1.30 6.76
Short wall 2 0.90 - 1.30 2.34
Partition wall
Vertical wall 2 0.90 - 1.15 2.07
Top wall 1 0.90 0.10 - 0.09
Outside Tank
All Round wall
Bottom -2(3.20 + 1.50) = ( 9.40+ 8.60 )
1 1.45=13.05
9.40 2
m
Head 2 (3 +1.30) =8.6
0m
H = 0.60 + 0.10 + 0.75 =1.4
5
Head of wall 2 ( 3+0.90 ) 0.20=1.56

Total 25.87m2
Deduction 2 0.10 - 1.15 0.23
Total 0.23
Net total 25.64m2
7. Supply and Fixing of 2 - - - 2 N cm
Inlet and outlet C.I. pipe
T-junction 100 mm
Total 2 N Cm

8. Supply of 100 mm dia 1 3.00 - - 3.00

Page 57 of 68
 C.I. pipe with laying and
jointing with 1:5:10
cement concrete
Total 3.00 m

9. Supply and Fixing of 50 1 1.80 - - 1.80

mm dia C.I. vent Pipe
over roof of septic tank
Total 1.80 m

10 Supply and fixing of 50 1 - - - 1Nm

. mm dia C.I. cowl
Total 1Nm
11. Steps
S/F of C.I. steps 20 cm x 1*4 - - - 4Nm
20 cm x 10 cm including
in jointing 1:3:6 cement
concrete mortar
Total 4Nm
12 S/F of C.I. manhole cover 1 - - - 1Nm
. 60 cm x 45 cm
Total 1Nm

PROJECT REPORT
Page 58 of 68
 ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for
10 USERS
at
MAATI
lucknow

'
ABSTRCT OF COST

SEPTIC TANK FOR 25 USERS

Details of Measurement and Calculation of Quantities
S.N Particulars of Item Quantit Unit Rate Amount
. y
1. E/W in Excavation in 8.38 m3 250.00 2095.00

Page 59 of 68
 foundations
2. Cement concrete in foundations
1:4:8 0.87 m3 6200.00 5394.00
3. Cement concrete in Floor 1:2:4 0.12 m3 7300.00 876.00
4. Precast R.C.C. slab 1:2:4
complete work 0.40 m3 9500.00 3800.00
5. First class brick work in
foundation and plinth 1:4 2.76 m3 7660.00 21528.00
6. 12 mm thick cement plaster 1:3
with compound 25.64 m3 430.00 11052.20
7. 100 mm dia A.C. pipe T-
Junction 2 Nm 490.00 980.00
8. S/F of 100 mm dia A.C. A.C.
pipe 3 m 510.00 1530.00
9. 50 mm dia vent pipe 1.80 m 990.00 1782.00
10. 50 mm dia C.I. cowl 1 Nm 250.00 250.00
11. C.I. Stair (4.5 kg) 4 Nm 90.00 360.00
12. Man hole cover 600 m x 45 cm 1 Nm 990.00 990.00
Total 50610.50
Add 5% contingencies charges and work charges establishment 2530.70
Grand Total 53141.20
Say Rs. 53500.00

PROJECT REPORT
ON
Construction Of
Page 60 of 68
 SEPTIC TANK for
10 USERS
at
MAATI
lucknow

CONSOLATION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSION
In the PLANNING, DESIGNING, ESTIMATING AND
COSTING OF CONSTRUTION OF SEPTIC TANK FOR 10
USERS AT MAATI, LUCKNOW project high factor of safety
is considered. In the CONSTRUTION OF SEPTIC TANK
FOR 10 USERS MAATI, LUCKNOW, I tried to provide all
essential safety to the in their need. The estimated cost of
the septic tank is Rs. 53500.00 as per Latest UP PWD
Page 61 of 68
schedule of Rates. Proper planning of the building reduces
the effort at the latter stage. Moreover, it makes the
structure economical and comfortable. During project work
I got a lot of knowledge and experience. Acquire capability
of tackling of problems. I find that to complete project work
in parts is easy as compared to carry out whole project
work at a time. There is no option of regroups labors.
During project work dedication and hard work is necessary.
Without proper supervision of supervisor it was not easy to
complete project.

RECOMMENDATION
1- Design data may be checked by the advance
computer software which is available in market and a
comparison should be made in the effort required.

2- The analysis is done based on the working stress

method, similar project can be developed using limit

Page 62 of 68
state method and comparison should be done in both
the methods keeping in view space and cost savings.

PROJECT REPORT
ON
Construction Of
SEPTIC TANK for

Page 63 of 68
 10 USERS
at
MAATI
lucknow

STATEMENT OF THE

PROBLEM

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Project is assigned problem by the "The Institution of
Civil Engineers (India) in subordination of curriculum of
final semester diplomas.

I select the CONSTRUCTION OF SEPTIC TANK FOR 10

USERS MAATI, LUCKNOW to prepare the project report. It
has been proposed to construct 10 USERS SEPTIC TANK AT
MAATI, LUCKNOW for staff.
The estimate provides the following for one
Compartment.
Page 64 of 68
 Having good soil, from termites and proper drainage
of land has acquired. The Septic Tank provided to back
face of the building. The estimate has been prepared at
current rates of P.W.D.

BIOGRAPHY
1. B.C. Punmia, Ashok K. Jain, Arun K. Jani Surveying
vol- 1 Laxmi Publication Limited.

2. K. R. Arora (1996) Surveying Vol-2 Standard Book

House Delhi.

Page 65 of 68
3. B.N. Dutta (1996) Estimating and Costing in Civil
Engineering Theory and Practical, UBS Publisher's
Distributions Limited New Delhi.

4. Arora, K.R.; Soil Mechanics and Foundation

Engineering, Standard Publishers, New Delhi.

5. B.C. Punmia Ashok K. Jain, Arun K. Jain (998)

Design of Steel Structures, Laxmi Publication
Limited.

6. BIS-456-2000 Code of Practical For Plain and

Reinforced Concrete.

7. S. N. Sinha Reinforced Concrete Desingn, Tata

McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited New Delhi.

PROJECT REPORT
ON
Construction Of

Page 66 of 68
 SEPTIC TANK for
10 USERS
at
MAATI
lucknow

APPENDIX

Bio Data
Synopsis approval letter

LIST OF DRAWINGS
PLAN OF SEPTIC TANK
Page 67 of 68
FOR 10 USERS
SECTIONAL VIEW

Page 68 of 68