Chapter 5

Summary

People with diabetic state may suffer from diabetic retinopathy, the
increase in number of diabetes related cases, the risk of blindness also
increases. This will happen when high blood sugar levels cause damage to
blood vessels in the retina. These blood vessels swell and leak, or they will
be blocked, stopping blood from passing through. This study aims for the
early detection of stages of Diabetic Retinopathy, in this way, prevention and
early medication will serve as an option to avoid the risk of certain damage
or blindness to the individual.

The proposed study centers on the formulation of an automated way to

detect this disease (Diabetic Retinopathy) in early phase. There are various
factors affecting the disease like diabetes, poor control, and pregnancy but
Researchers shows that the progression to vision impairment can be slowed
or averted if Diabetic Retinopathy is detected in early stage of the disease.

This project provides an automated approach using image processing

and pattern recognition. It uses trained program with different picture
parameters in order to detect 5 stages of Diabetic Retinopathy namely;
Normal, Mild DR eye, Moderate DR eye, Severe DR eye, and Proliferative DR
eye.

Eye picture samples were tested on the study in order to determine

what class and stage of DR that sample manifest, chosen through random
testing. Pictures will be tested on the trained program, through image
processing and pattern recognition.

Conclusion

The conclusions can be drawn from the findings are the following:

1. Detection can be done through the use of images as a training input for
making a classifier simulation.

2. The accuracy of the detection greatly depends to the number of samples

and features trained on the classifier simulation.
Recommendation

The proposed study focused on the early detection of stages of

Diabetic Retinopathy with the use of limited trained input in the classifier
simulation. Future studies must involve increase size of test and training data
set. The process may also use different analysis algorithms to get clearer
features and in place of direct image features, researchers may try to use
gradient of RGB layers.