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These are the directions for Part 5 of the new TOElC@test. Study them now. If you
understand these directions now, you will not have to read them during the test.
READING TEST
In the Reading test, you will read a variety of texts and answer several different types of reading
comprehension questions. The entire Reading test will last 75 minutes. There are three parts, and
directions are given for each part. You are encouraged to answer as many questions as possible
within the time allowed.
You must mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Do not write your answers in the test
book.
PART 5
Directions: A word or phrase is missing in each of the sentences below. Four answer choices are
given below each sentence. Select the best answer to complete the sentence. Then mark the letter
(A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet.
In this section, you will learn the most common types of items found on Part 5:
word families
similar words
prepositions
conjunctions
adverbs of frequency
causative verbs
conditional sentences
verb tense
two-word verbs
108 READING
WORD FAMILIES
Word families are words that look alike but have different endings.
Do you need a noun? If so, does the ending make the word a noun?
Noun endings: -alIce, -ancy, -enee, -at ion, -dam, -islll, -ment, -/less, -ship,
-or, -er, -io/l
INCORRECT [I was sorry to hear about his ill.)
CORRECT 1 was sorry to hear about his illness.
Do you need an adjective? If so, does the ending make the word an
adjective?
Do you need an adverb? If so, does the ending make the word an
adverb?
Adverb endings: -ly, -ward, -wise
INCORRECT [She entered the data very careful.]
CORRECT She entered the data very carefully.
Do you need a verb? If so, does the ending make the word a verb?
110 READING
SIMILAR WORDS
Similar words are often confusing if they have similar meanings but cannot be
interchanged. Sometimes they have the same root, prefix, or suffix. Sometimes they
have similar spelling. The grammatical structure and the meaning of the sentence will
help you determine which is correct.
Many words seem similar because they contain similar letters. Do the
other words in the sentence help you understand the meaning of the
word?
INCORRECT [The manager will except the gift.]
CORRECT The manager will accept the gift.
Some words can refer to the same topic but have different meanings.
Do you know the different meanings of a word?
INCORRECT [Do you have change for a ten-dollar currency?]
CORRECT Do you have change for a ten-dollar bill?
Some words have similar spellings, but they have very different mean-
ings or are different parts of speech. Can you tell the difference?
INCORRECT [The athlete does not want to loose the race.]
CORRECT The athlete does not want to lose the race.
112 READING
PREPOSITIONS
Small words that introduce phrases are prepositions. Prepositional phrases show time,
placement, direction, cause, and location.
Do you need to talk about a specific city? If so, is the preposition in?
INCORRECT [Our headquarters are at Baltimore.]
CORRECT Our headquarters are in Baltimore.
5. The doctor will not give the patient the test results CD CD CD QD
tomorrow.
(A) on (C) from
(8) until (0) at
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CONJUNCTIONS
116 READING
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Adverbs of frequency can be divided into two groups: adverbs of definite frequency
such as every day, annually, twice a week and adverbs of indefinite frequency such as
always, rarely, never.
Are you sure of the position of the adverb? Is there a definite frequency
adverb? If so, remember that a definite frequency adverb usually goes
at the beginning or the end of the sentence.
INCORRECT [Mr. Escobar walks every day to work.]
CORRECT Mr. Escobar walks to work every day.
118 READING
CAUSATIVE VERBS
When someone makes something happen, you use a causative verb to show this. Look
carefully at the form of the verb in the clause that follows the causative verb. Some
causative verbs are get, make, have, order, want.
Does the subject of the noun clause that follows the causative verb
perform the action? If so, is the verb after that noun clause the simple
form, the infinitive form, or the present participle form of the verb?
INCORRECT [I had my coworker helped me.]
CORRECT 1had my coworker help me.
Does the subject of the noun clause that follows the causative verb
receive the action? If so, is the verb after that noun clause the past
participle (-ed/-ell) form of the verb?
INCORRECT [Mr. Watson wants the report rewrote soon.]
CORRECT Mr. Watson wants the report rewritten soon.
120 READING
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
There are two parts to a conditional sentence: the condition (if) and the result. There
are also two types of conditional sentences: real and unreal (contrary-to-fact).
REAL CONDITION RESULT
Is it an unreal condition in the present using the verb be? If so, is was or
were the form of be that is used?
INCORRECT [If she ~ the boss, she would hire him.]
CORRECT If she was/were the boss, she would hire him.
122 READING
VERB TENSE
Look for time expressions in the sentence to help you decide on the verb tense: every
day, last week, tomorrow, etc. Another clue is to look at the tense of other verbs in the
sentence. Remember that some verbs can only be used in certain tenses.
Is there a time expression in the sentence? If so, does the verb tense
agree with the meaning of the time expression?
INCORRECT [I work in this department sinc~ 1994.]
CORRECT I've worked in this department since 1994.
Does the sentence have two clauses (an independent clause and a
dependent clause)? If so, is the tense of the verb in the dependent
clause correct?
INCORRECT [Ms. Martin tested the copying machine before
she buys it.]
CORRECT Ms. Martin tested the copying machine before
she bought it.
Is the verb being used as a stative verb? That is, does it describe a state
rather than an action? If so, check to make sure the verb is not a
progressive form (-ing). Note: Seem, know, and other verbs are always
stative. Become, be, and other verbs can describe a state or an action.
INCORRECT [I am understanding what he's saying.]
CORRECT I understand what he's saying.
Practice
9. You can take those files to the records room unless CD ([) @ @
Kim it first.
(A) does (C) is doing
(8) will do (0) had done
Two-word verbs such as look at, get by, take in are usually common verbs (look, get, take,
etc.) combined with other words that are often prepositions (at, by, in,from, Ollt, etc.).
Are you unsure about the meaning? If so, check your dictionary. There
are no rules about two-word verbs that will help you predict their
meaning.
124 READING
Practice
126 READING
STRATEGY PRACTICE
DIRECTIONS: Read the following statements and choose the word or phrase that best
completes the sentence. Use the strategies you have learned.
1. The office manager prefers her coffee with cream CD CD CD @
sugar.
(A) but (C) and
(B) nor (0) plus
128 READING