Maths Extension 2 Volumes

Volumes
Slicing
Volume of Pyramid
Relationships & Ratios
Slicing
Revolution
Cross Sectional Area
Shells
Washer Method
Torus, Quadratic Equation

Basic Volumes Formulae

b
Basic
V= y 2 dx
a

V= x 2 dy
a

A(z ).dz
General
V=
a

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 Maths Extension 2 Volumes

Slicing Volume of a Pyramid

h k h k
h k


b
a b
a

Volume of one slice = k

k

Find the volume of one slice

k k V = k
= =
a h b h

ak bk
= =
h h

Volume of entire pyramid

h

V = .dk
0
h
ak bk
=
0 h
. dk
h
ab h 2
h 2 0
= k dk
h
ab k 3
= 2
h 3 0
abh 3
=
3h 2
1
= abh
3

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 Maths Extension 2 Volumes

Relationship

4
h

5
l
3
4
h

5
12
w
l
3
h
10
5 w
12

10

Volume of One Slice

y=4 h=0 y=3 h=0
y = 12 h=5 y = 10 h=5
rise
y = mx + b m= x=h b = int ercept
run

8h 7h
l = +4 w = +3
5 5

V = w.l.h

Volume of entire object

V 5
8h 7 h
= + 4 + 3 dh
0 5 5

( )
5
4
=
25 0
14h 2 + 65h + 75 dh
5
4 14h3 65h 2
= + + 75h
25 3 2 0
= 283

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 Maths Extension 2 Volumes

Slicing Shape
The base of a certain solid is x 2 + y 2 = 9 . Plane sections are perpendicular to the y axis and
are equilateral triangles, on side being the solid base. Find the volume.
Volume of 1 slice

2y 2y

2y

Volume of one slice

V 1
= 2 y 2 y sin 60 x
2
= 3 y 2 x

Total Volume
3
x2 + y 2 =9
V =
3
3 y 2 dx
y 2
= 9 x2

3 (9 x )dx
3
2
=
3

( )
3
= 2 3 9 x 2 dx
3
3
x3
= 2 3 9 x
3 3
= 36 3

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 Maths Extension 2 Volumes

Shells
y = f (x ) R
r

Area of one strip

A = f ( x )dx

x f (x )

Volume of One Shell

( )
V = R 2 r 2 . f (x )
= (( x + x) x ). f (x )
2 2

= (x + 2 xx + (x) x ). f (x )
2 2 2

= (2 xx ). f ( x )
= 2x.x. f ( x )

Volume of Total
b b

V = 2 x. f ( x ).dx = 2 xy.dx
a a

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 Maths Extension 2 Volumes

Find the volume of the solid obtained by revolving the region x + y = 2 , x = 0 , y = 0

about the y-axis.

b x+ y =2
V = 2 xy.dx y = 2x
a
2
= 2 x(2 x).dx
0

( )
2
= 2 2 x x 2 .dx 2
0
2
2 x 2 x3
= 2
2 3 0
8
= 2 4
3 -2 2
8
= cubic units
3

Find the volume bounded by the graphs y = x 3 , y = 0 within the range of 1 x 3 rotated
about the y-axis.

V = 2 xy.dx
a
3
= 2 xx3 .dx
1
3
= 2 x 4 .dx
1
3
x5
= 2
5 1
243 1
= 2
5 5
484
= cubic units
5

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 Maths Extension 2 Volumes

x2 y2
Find the volume of the solid obtained by revolving the ellipse + = 1 about the y-axis.
a2 b2

b
x2 y2
V = 2 xy.dx + =1
a
a2 b2
a
y2 x2
= 2 x.2. ba a 2 x 2 .dx = 1
0
b2 a2
4b a b2 x2
=
a 0 x a 2 x 2 .dx y 2 = b2
a2
u = a2 x2 x=a, u =0 b2a 2 b2 x 2
=
= 2x x = 0 , u = a2
du
dx a2
= 2 (a 2 x 2 )
dx du b2
=
2x a
4b 0 du =
b 2
a x2
V =
a a x u.
2x
y
a
2b 0
a a2
= u .du

0
2b 2u 2
3

=
a 3 2
a
4b 2 2
(a )
3

=
3a
4ba 2
= cubic units
3

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 Maths Extension 2 Volumes

Washer Method
Area of one slice
A(z ) = R 2 r 2
(
= R2 r 2 )
= (R + r )(R r )
= (x2 + x1 )(x2 x1 )
R

Solve the quadratic formula to find x2 and x1 . Where x2 > x1

b b 2 4ac
2a

Washer Taurus
Find the volume of the region bounded by the parabola y = x 2 and the lines y = 0, x = 2.

Volume of One Slice

(
V = 4 x 2 y ) x = 2 is the larger radius
22 = 4

Total Volume

( )
4

V = 4 x dy
2

0
4
= (4 y )dy
0
4
y2
= 4 y
2 0
= 8

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