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Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
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Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are
using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that may have been
published since the Standard was published.
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be found by visiting www.standards.org.au
Australian Standard
Originated as AS 13581972.
Previous edition 1989.
Third edition 2004.
Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 1 (February 2007).
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COPYRIGHT
Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 6345 6
AS 13582004 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand
Committee ME-001, Pressure Equipment, to supersede AS 13581989.
This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (February 2007). The changes required by
the Amendment are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against
the clause, note, table, figure or part thereof affected.
After consultation with stakeholders in both countries, Standards Australia and Standards
New Zealand decided to develop this Standard as an Australian Standard rather than an
Australian/New Zealand Standard.
The objective of this Standard is to provide requirements and guidance on the application,
selection and installation of bursting discs and bursting disc devices.
The objective of this revision is to align the Standard with current international practice and
specifically with ISO Standards.
The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral part
of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and guidance.
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3 AS 13582004
CONTENTS
Page
APPENDICES
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STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Bursting discs and bursting disc devicesApplication, selection and
installation
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard provides requirements and guidance on the application, selection and
installation of bursting discs and bursting disc devices.
The information to be used for identification and the information to be marked on bursting
discs and bursting disc devices is specified in Appendix A.
Testing and certification requirements for bursting discs are specified in Appendix D.
NOTES:
1 Information which the purchaser may provide to assist in the design or the selection of
bursting discs and bursting disc devices is given in Appendix B.
2 Equations for the calculation of the discharge capacity for single phase flow are given in
Appendix C.
ISO
4126 Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure
4126-6 Part 6: Application, selection and installation of bursting disc safety devices
1.3 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS 4942 and those below apply.
1.3.1 Average bursting pressure
The arithmetic average value, at the coincident temperature, of the test bursts carried out on
a batch of discs by the manufacturer.
1.3.2 Backpressure
The static pressure existing at the outlet of a bursting disc device at the time the device is
required to operate. It is the result of pressure in the discharge system from other sources or
as a result of vacuum on the upstream side.
An additional sheet or sheets of material forming part of the bursting disc assembly or
holder. The lining can be metallic or non-metallic.
1.3.24 Manufacturing design range
A range of pressure within which the average bursting pressure of a batch of bursting discs
falls in order to be acceptable for a particular application.
1.3.25 Muffled outlet
A component of a bursting disc device which disperses the discharge.
1.3.26 Operating pressure
The pressure to which the bursting disc is exposed during normal operation.
Indicates a recommendation.
1.3.35 Slotted lined bursting disc
A conventional domed bursting disc made up of two or more layers, one of which is slit or
slotted so as to reduce its strength and to control the bursting pressure of the bursting disc.
1.3.36 Specified bursting pressure
The pressure, quoted with a coincident temperature, specified by the user or his agent when
defining the disc requirement.
NOTE: The words maximum and minimum may be used with the terms bursting pressure and
specified bursting pressure.
1.3.37 Stiffening ring
An integral component of the bursting disc assembly used primarily for the stiffening of
fragile discs.
1.3.38 Temperature shield
A device which protects a bursting disc from excessive temperature.
SE C T I ON 2 GE N E RA L D E SCR I PT I O N S O F
BURST I NG D I SCS AND B URST ING D I SC
D E V I CE S
2.1 MATERIALS
2.1.1 Selection of materials
The selection of materials used for the components of bursting disc safety devices shall take
the following into account:
(a) Suitability with regard to manufacture.
(b) Compatibility with the process fluid, the adjoining components and the chemical and
physical conditions, both upstream and downstream of the rupture disc, to which the
bursting disc safety device will be subjected when in service.
NOTE: The use of corrosion-resistant materials for the downstream side of the bursting disc
device is recommended because corrosion of these parts can cause damage which can impair the
performance of the bursting disc safety device.
2.1.2 Material specifications
Materials for the components of bursting disc safety devices shall meet the requirements of
the relevant application Standard.
They shall have uniform chemical and physical properties and shall be free from defects,
which would cause the bursting disc safety device to malfunction.
2.1.3 Protection from corrosion
Bursting disc safety devices are frequently required to operate in corrosive environments
and, therefore, components manufactured from materials affected by corrosion shall, where
appropriate, be protected by coating, plating or lining.
Coatings and plating shall be applied to give an even and homogeneous coating to the
surfaces to be protected.
Linings shall be seamless and supplied with the bursting disc safety device so as to preserve
them as a set or integral unit.
The corrosion protection shall be supplied by the manufacturer.
The corrosion protection shall not impair the performance of the bursting disc safety device.
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(b) Graphite monobloc This type of bursting disc shall be designed so as to fit directly
between the installation flanges. They may be recessed on one or both sides according
to the bursting pressure and direction in which it is to be applied (see Figure 4).
Graphite monobloc bursting discs may be reinforced with an external armour ring.
This design may be provided with a lining on the pressure side.
The pressure containing capability of graphite monobloc bursting discs, after
bursting, shall be determined by one of the methods given in Clause 2.3.1.1.
NOTE: For this design of graphite monobloc bursting disc, the diameter of the downstream
piping adjacent to the bursting disc should follow the manufacturers instructions. Normally
this diameter will be greater than the inside diameter of the recess.
(c) Flat slotted lined This type of bursting disc shall have two or more layers. At least
one of the layers shall have, for example, slits or slots so as to reduce its strength and
to control the bursting pressure. According to the design it may be necessary for the
bursting disc to be used in conjunction with a bursting disc holder.
AS 1210.
(b) Other established design methods of the manufacturer.
(c) Experimental design procedure(s) developed by the manufacturer, carried out on
prototypes, or on representative production samples.
NOTE: For (b) and (c) above, the user may choose to reserve the right to review and then either
agree with, reject or request modifications to the methods and/or procedures proposed by the
manufacturer.
2.3.1.2 Other design requirements
The design of the bursting disc holder shall ensure the following:
(a) The accurate positioning of the bursting disc assembly.
(b) The bursting disc assembly, where applicable, can only be fitted the correct way
round.
(c) The ability to apply or transmit a clamping load appropriate to the particular bursting
disc assembly.
(d) Where appropriate, the correct fitting of a back pressure support (see Clause 2.4).
(e) When installed in accordance with the manufacturers installation instructions, it
provides adequate pressure containment under the specified service conditions.
(f) The position of any holes for pre-assembly screws is compatible with the specified
gaskets used between the bursting disc holder and the installation flanges.
(g) The accurate positioning within the pressure system connection including direction of
flow.
(h) Its suitability for the specified service conditions.
(i) Correct functioning of the bursting disc assembly.
NOTE: It is recommended that the bursting disc holder is so designed as to protect the bursting
disc assembly during installation and removal. With domed bursting discs this can be achieved by
ensuring that the dome does not protrude beyond the bursting disc holder. Other methods may be
used subject to agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
2.3.2 Types
The type of bursting disc holder shall be appropriate to the particular type of bursting disc
and suitable for its intended use.
Bursting disc holders include the following types:
(a) Insert/capsule Insert/capsule bursting disc holders shall have an inlet and outlet
member, with or without fasteners and shall fit within the installation flange bolting
(see Figure 5).
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(b) Full face flange Full face flange bursting disc holders shall have an inlet and outlet
member, with or without fasteners and shall have holes/slots to suit the installation
flange bolting (see Figure 6).
(c) Union Union bursting disc holders shall have an inlet and outlet member connected
by a union nut (see Figure 7).
(d) Plug/screw Plug/screw bursting disc holders shall have an inlet and outlet member
which are screwed together. The outlet member may be muffled outlet design (see
Figure 8).
(e) Other Other types of bursting disc holders are permitted providing that they meet the
requirements of this Standard.
2.3.3 Connections
Where bursting disc holders fit between installation flanges, for example, insert/capsule and
full face flange types, the facing and surface finish of the bursting disc holder shall be
compatible with that of the purchasers piping specifications.
For other types (see Clause 2.3.2(c) and (d)) the connections to the installation may be
threaded, welded, proprietary etc., according to the purchasers requirements.
the bursting disc. The support shall be of a design such that the pressure in the system is
transmitted to the bursting disc.
When the bursting disc has burst, the back pressure support shall open when subjected to a
pressure not exceeding the specified minimum bursting pressure or the specified bursting
pressure minus the negative tolerance at the coincident temperature of the associated
bursting disc.
2.4.3 Non-opening back pressure supports
The non-opening back pressure support shall fit closely against and give adequate support
to the bursting disc. The support shall have openings to allow the discharge of fluid.
2.7 GASKET/SEALS
Gaskets/seals forming part of the bursting disc safety device shall be compatible with the
chemical, thermal and mechanical demands of the application (see Clause 2.1.1).
The use, type, material and dimensions shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
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3.1 APPLICATION
3.1.1 General
Subject to the requirements of the relevant application Standard covering the equipment to
be protected, bursting disc safety devices may be used either as the sole pressure relieving
device, in conjunction with safety valves or as part of a combination device.
The discharge capacity of a system including a bursting disc safety device and its maximum
limit of bursting pressure (see Figure 9) at the coincident temperature shall be such that the
maximum relieving pressure does not exceed the requirements of the protected equipment.
NOTE: Appendix C gives methods for determining discharge capacity of pressure relief systems
incorporating bursting disc safety devices.
The use of a bursting disc safety device as the sole pressure relieving device may be
preferred where
(a) the rate of increase in pressure may be such that the rate of response of a safety valve
would make it unsuitable;
(b) leakage of the fluid cannot be tolerated under operating conditions;
(c) operating conditions may involve deposition, which would make a safety valve
inoperative;
(d) the effect of low temperature would prevent a safety valve from operating; or
(e) large discharge areas are required.
NOTE: A bursting disc safety device is a non-reclosing pressure relieving device, which after
bursting could result in the total loss of pressure/contents from the protected equipment.
For all applications the pressure relief system shall be such that following the bursting of
the bursting disc assembly any fragmentation or release of material does not
(i) cause an unacceptable flow restriction within the pressure relief system;
(ii) impair the proper functioning of any other safety device; or
(iii) affect the certified (discharge) capacity of any other safety device.
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valve provided that the requirements of Clause 3.1.2 and Clause 3.1.3 are met.
3.1.6 Parallel installation with a safety valve
A bursting disc safety device fitted in parallel with a safety valve as an additional safeguard
(e.g. to protect equipment against the consequence of a rapid rise in pressure) shall be
specified to burst at a pressure not exceeding the relevant requirements of the protected
equipment.
3.1.7 Bursting discs in series
Where a bursting disc safety device is fitted in series with a second bursting disc safety
device, the following requirements shall be met:
(a) A space between the two bursting discs shall be large enough to ensure the correct
functioning of the bursting discs.
(b) The space between the bursting disc shall be provided with a means for preventing
unacceptable build up in pressure.
NOTE: Bursting discs, being pressure differential devices, will require a higher pressure in the
protected equipment to burst the bursting disc if pressure builds up in the space between the
bursting discs which will occur should leakage develop in the bursting disc due to corrosion or
other causes.
3.2 SELECTION
3.2.1 Selection of bursting disc safety devices
The following requirements and recommendations apply to the selection of safety devices:
(a) The manufacturers advice should be sought when selecting a bursting disc safety
device for a particular application.
(b) Bursting disc safety devices are differential pressure devices and therefore the
pressure on both the upstream and the downstream side of the bursting disc shall be
taken into consideration.
(c) Consideration shall to be given to the replacement period of the bursting disc
assembly. This period depends upon the type and material of the bursting disc
assembly, operating conditions and many other factors.
(d) Bursting disc safety devices are frequently required to work in corrosive
environments where corrosion may cause premature failure of the bursting disc.
Materials likely to be affected by corrosion may be protected by coating, plating or
lining. Such coating, plating or lining shall be supplied only by the manufacturer.
(e) Selection of the appropriate bursting disc material depends upon the chemical and
physical conditions that will exist on both the upstream side and the downstream side
of the bursting disc safety device when it is in service.
(f) Where there is the possibility of deposition of sublimates or other solids on the
upstream side of the bursting disc safety device, consideration shall be given to
selecting a type of bursting disc safety device suitable for such conditions.
(g) When selecting the size of bursting disc safety devices, the inclusion of any back
pressure support shall be taken into account when determining the minimum cross-
section flow area.
(h) The bursting pressure of a bursting disc according to its material and type may vary
with its temperature.
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(i) Bursting discs should be protected from excessive temperature by suitable location,
temperature shields or other means. When it is necessary to protect a bursting disc
from excessive temperature, the influence of the protection should be considered
when establishing the coincident temperature.
(j) The type of bursting disc holder and its inlet and outlet connections shall be
appropriate to the method of installing the bursting disc safety device and the
requirements for the safe discharge of the fluid.
(k) Where a bursting disc safety device is to be installed upstream of a safety valve, so as
to form a combination device, the selection shall take into consideration the
requirements of the relevant application Standard(s).
(l) Where a bursting disc safety device is to be selected for installation upstream and/or
downstream of a safety valve, both the bursting disc safety device manufacturer and
the safety valve manufacturer shall be consulted. In the case of downstream
application the effects on the set pressure of the safety valve due to potential leakage
across the safety valve seat and/or from the downstream side of the bursting disc
safety device shall be considered.
3.2.2 Selection of the performance tolerance
The performance tolerance is dependent upon a number of factors, including the following:
(a) Type of bursting disc.
(b) Material of the bursting disc.
(c) Method of manufacture.
In selecting the performance tolerance for a particular application, consideration shall be
given to the above factors and the process conditions. The performance tolerance shall be
specified by the manufacturer after consultation with the purchaser using one of the two
alternative methods described in Figure 9. Typical performance tolerances are given in
Table 1.
The minimum limit of bursting pressure shall be selected to ensure that there is a suitable
margin between it and the operating pressure. Due consideration shall be given to the
operating ratio appropriate to the material and type of bursting disc and the process
conditions. Typical maximum operating ratios are given in Table 2.
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TABLE 1
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE TOLERANCES
Type of bursting disc Specified bursting Typical performance
pressure (MPa gauge) tolerance
See Clause 2.2
Conventional simple domed Below 0.05 50%
Conventional slotted domed 0.05 to below 0.15 30% to 15%
Conventional scored simple domed 0.15 and above 10%
Below 0.2 0.01 MPa
Conventional simple domed with knife blades
0.2 and above 5%
Below 0.3 0.015 MPa
Reverse domed scored
0.3 and above 5%
Below 0.1 15%
Reverse domed having slip or tear-away design 0.1 to below 0.2 10%
0.2 and above 5%
Below 0.1 0.015 MPa
Reverse domed with knife blades 0.1 to below 0.3 15%
0.3 and above 5%
Below 0.3 0.015 MPa
Reverse domed that functions by shearing
0.3 and above 5%
Below 0.05 15%
Reverse domed composite or multi-layered 0.05 to below 0.3 10%
0.3 and above 5%
Graphite replaceable element Below 0.05 Up to 25%
Graphite monobloc 0.05 and above 10%
Below 0.05 50%
Flat slotted lined 0.05 to below 0.15 30% to 15%
0.15 and above 10%
NOTES:
1 This Table gives guidance to typical performance tolerances. Closer tolerances can be achieved.
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2 The typical performance tolerances as shown are specified bursting pressure with equal positive and
negative percentages or quantities. These can be converted to specified maximum bursting pressure and
specified minimum bursting pressure.
3 For each application the performance tolerance should be obtained from the manufacturer.
(a) Specified maximum bursting pressure and specified minimum bursting pressure with a coincident
temperature
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(b) Specified bursting pressure and performance tolerance with a coincident temperature
NOTE: Performance tolerance includes manufacturing design range and burst tolerance.
TABLE 2
TYPICAL MAXIMUM OPERATING RATIOS
Type of bursting disc Typical maximum operating ratio
See Clause 2.2
Conventional simple domed 0.7
Conventional slotted domed 0.8
Conventional scored simple domed 0.8
Conventional simple domed with knife blades 0.7
Reverse domed scored 0.9
Reverse domed having slip or tear away design 0.9
Reverse domed with knife blades 0.9
Reverse domed that functions by shearing 0.9
Reverse domed composite or multi-layered 0.9
Graphite replaceable element 0.8
Graphite monobloc 0.8
Flat slotted lined 0.5
NOTES:
1 For the definition of operating ratio, see Clause 1.3.27.
2 This Table gives guidance as to typical maximum operating ratios for a temperature in the
range 15C to 30C.
3 The operating ratio is dependent upon a number of factors including bursting disc material,
temperature and pressure cycling or pulsations, which need to be considered in order to
achieve an acceptable replacement period.
4 For each application the operating ratio should be obtained from the manufacturer.
side of the bursting disc shall be larger than the inside diameter of the recess.
(i) Where plug/screw bursting disc holders are to be installed in a pressure relief system,
an additional connection may be required to facilitate the assembly and replacement
of the bursting disc assembly.
(b) The bursting disc safety device or any of its components as supplied shall not be
modified in any way except with the approval of the manufacturer.
An additional protective film or coating shall not be applied to a bursting disc except
when approved by the manufacturer since this may considerably affect the bursting
pressure of the bursting disc.
(c) The bursting disc safety device shall be checked for freedom from visible defects
immediately before installation and care taken during installation to avoid damage.
(d) Prior to assembly, the bursting disc holder reference, marked on the bursting
disc/bursting disc assembly, shall be checked to ensure that it coincides with that
marked on the bursting disc holder.
(e) When assembling the bursting disc safety device components the fitting of any back
pressure support shall be checked to ensure that it is correct.
(f) Any directional arrow, bolting torque instructions and reference to the use of gaskets
shall be complied with during installation.
(g) The type, material and dimensions of the gaskets used between the bursting disc
safety device and the flanges between which it is to be installed shall be suitable for
the specified conditions and compatible with the flange facing and finish of the
contact faces of the bursting disc safety device and the flanges. The manufacturer's
advice should be sought concerning the effect on the performance of the bursting disc
safety device of the bolt load required to seat the gasket and maintain a seal under the
specified conditions.
(h) To ensure the correct performance of the bursting disc safety device and the effective
sealing of the gasket used between the bursting disc safety device and the flanges
between which it is installed, the bursting disc safety device shall be located centrally
within the flanges.
(i) Where identification marks are not visible when the bursting disc/bursting disc safety
device is installed on the protected equipment, the purchaser shall be responsible for
attaching to the installation a suitable tag which shall be permanently marked with the
same information as that given on the bursting disc/bursting disc safety device or in
the package.
The edges of the slits or perforations of a backpressure support shall be free from all burrs
or similar imperfections that might cause a premature failure. If there is not adequate
discharge capacity through the slits or perforations of an opening backpressure support, the
support shall open when submitted to a pressure not exceeding the minimum bursting
pressure at the coincident temperature of the associated bursting disc. The support shall
open to permit the discharge of the contents of the system in accordance with Clause 3.3
when the disc has burst.
4.4 MODIFICATIONS
Bursting discs, bursting disc devices, and associated components shall not be modified
without the advice of the manufacturer and the approval of the parties concerned.
4.5 GASKETS
Gaskets used on either or both sides of a bursting disc shall be compatible with the
chemical, thermal, and mechanical demands of the application. The use, type, material and
dimensions shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
APPENDIX A
IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING OF BURSTING DISCS AND
BURSTING DISC DEVICES
(Normative)
A1 IDENTIFICATION
A1.1 Bursting discs
The following information shall be used to identify bursting discs:
(a) Manufacturers identity.
(b) Manufacturing number (serial number, batch number, or lot number).
(c) Type of bursting disc.
(d) Nominal size.
(e) Material identity.
(f) Maximum and minimum specified bursting pressures and coincident temperature, or
the specified bursting pressure and a performance tolerance and coincident
temperature.
NOTE: The range of pressure between the maximum and minimum specified bursting
pressures is equivalent to the performance tolerance.
(g) Appropriate bursting disc holder identity.
(h) Identity of associated ancillary components, such as temperature shields.
(i) Vent area of any restriction permanently attached to the bursting disc, e.g. non-
opening backpressure support.
A1.2 Bursting disc holders
The following information shall be used to identify bursting disc holders:
(a) Manufacturers identity.
(b) Type of bursting disc holder.
(c) Nominal size.
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A2 MARKING
A2.1 Bursting discs
A bursting disc shall have an identification tag permanently attached so that its identity may
be visible when the disc is installed. If this type of marking is not possible, a separate
identification tag shall be supplied.
The direction of flow shall be shown on the identification tag or shall be identified by a
marking on the disc showing vent side.
A2.2 Bursting disc holders
Bursting disc holders shall be permanently marked with identification details on any
suitable and visible surface, and where appropriate, the direction of flow shall be
incorporated in the marking.
A2.3 Ancillary components
Ancillary components shall be marked with identification details and direction of flow by a
method suitable to their size and construction. Ancillary components may be supplied
separately.
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APPENDIX B
INFORMATION TO ASSIST DESIGN OR SELECTION OF BURSTING DISCS
AND BURSTING DISC DEVICES
(Informative)
B1 APPLICATION DETAILS
The following information should be supplied by the purchaser:
(a) Description of the vessel, equipment, or system to be protected, and vessel design
Standard where appropriate.
(b) Intended application of the bursting disc device. State if the device is required to
operate as the primary relief device, secondary relief device, for safety valve
isolation, or in some other capacity.
(c) Performance specification and relative position of any safety valves or other safety
devices fitted to the equipment or system.
(d) The fluid which may come in contact with any part of the bursting disc device;
physical properties of the fluid (e.g. gas, vapour, liquid, or solid); wet or dry, at all
stages of the process (including venting); chemical properties of the fluid which may
affect bursting disc performance.
(e) All conditions of temperature and pressure (including backpressure) to which the
bursting disc may be subjected. Rate and frequency of pressure changes, if applicable.
(f) Expected relieving pressure and relieving temperature.
(e) Minimum bursting device discharge area required through the bursting disc device
discharge area.
(f) Materials which may not be used for safety, corrosion, or other reasons.
B3 INSTALLATION DETAILS
The following information should be supplied by the purchaser:
(a) Physical location of bursting disc device in system, preferably in the form of a sketch.
(b) Method of fitting bursting disc device in system (e.g. between flanges, direct fitting
to one flange, direct weld to outlet).
(c) Inlet pipe diameter to bursting disc and outlet pipe diameter from bursting disc,
including flange size, rating, type and specification or other fixing details (e.g. thread
specification and size).
(d) Type and preferred material of bursting disc holder.
(e) Form and finish of external mating surfaces if required other than to the
manufacturers standard.
(f) The type, size and material of any gaskets to be used with the bursting disc device.
B4 SPECIAL DETAILS
The following information should be supplied by the purchaser:
(a) Testing and certification requirements (see Appendix D).
(b) Special features required in the bursting disc device (e.g. excess flow valve, pressure
monitoring device, jacking bolts, lifting rings).
(c) Special features of application not stated elsewhere.
B5 REORDER INFORMATION
When reordering a bursting disc or bursting disc device, the purchaser should supply the
information shown in Paragraphs B1, B2, B3, and B4, as appropriate. Alternatively, if there
have been no changes in operating or design conditions, and a replacement item from the
same manufacturer is required, the serial number, batch number, lot number, and other
information marked on or supplied with the original item is sufficient reorder information
(see Appendix A).
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APPENDIX C
PRESSURE RELIEF SYSTEM DISCHARGE CAPACITY
(Informative)
C1 GENERAL
This Appendix gives guidance on the determination of the mass flow rate of a pressure
relief system that contains a bursting disc safety device. It relates to single phase flow.
The discharge capacity of the pressure relief system should be such as to ensure that under
relieving conditions the maximum allowable pressure of the protected equipment is not
exceeded by more than the permitted accumulation.
Two methods are given:
(a) Paragraph C2 gives a simplified approach, neglecting pressure drops in the inlet
piping and in the discharge piping. Therefore, this method is of limited application.
Symbols and their description are given in Table C2.
(b) Paragraph C3 gives a comprehensive approach for calculation of pressure relief
systems where consideration is given to the changes in pressure throughout the entire
pressure relief system.
It is important to ensure that the method selected is relevant to the particular application
and is correctly applied by those appropriately qualified and experienced.
C2 SIMPLIFIED APPROACH
C2.1 General
This method should be used where it can be safely assumed that there are only negligible
pressure drops in the inlet piping and the discharge piping is limited to those applications
where
(a) the bursting disc safety device discharges directly to atmosphere;
(b) the bursting disc safety device is installed within eight pipe diameters from the entry
to the equipment nozzle;
(c) the bursting disc safety device discharge area is not less than 50% of the inlet pipe
area;
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TABLE C1
DISCHARGE COEFFICENT
Number Branch/nozzle type Comment Discharge coefficient,
In the case of an internally
protruding branch/nozzle
1 0.68
Po
qm = 0.9117 C A o . . . C3(1)
vo
or
qm vo
Ao = 1.097 . . . C3(2)
C Po
or
10 C A o P o M
qm = . . . C3(3)
To Z o
or
qm To Z o
Ao = 0.1 . . . C3(4)
C Po M
where the validity of Rankines law is assumed and:
( k + 1)
2 ( k 1) )
C = 3.948 k . . . C4
k + 1
The value of k used to determine C should be based on the actual flowing conditions.
The compressibility factor, Zo should be assessed from Appendix G of AS 1271
2003.
C2.2.3.2 Discharge capacity for steam
The following apply for dry and wet steam:
(a) Dry saturated or superheated
The discharge capacity for dry saturated or superheated steam can be derived from
Equations C3(1) and C3(2). However, the values of k, C and v should be based on the
actual flowing conditions of the steam. Alternatively, the methods of Appendix F of
AS 12712003 may be used.
(b) Wet
The following equation is applicable only to homogenous wet steam of dryness 90%
and over (i.e. x > 0.9):
0.9117 C Ao Po
v o . . . C5
qm =
x
C2.2.4 Discharge coefficient at critical flow
The combined discharge coefficients from three specific types of nozzle and bursting disc
safety device combinations are listed in Table C1.
These discharge coefficients are valid where: 0.5 A1 A o A1.
Where required by the relevant application Standard or where the nozzle/disc configuration
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if different from the requirements of Paragraph C2.1, the comprehensive method should
apply.
C2.2.5 Discharge capacity at subcritical flow
The discharge capacity at subcritical flow can be derived from one of the following
equations:
Po
qm = 0.9117 C K b Ao . . . C6(1)
vo
or
qm
1.097
Ao = vo . . . C6(2)
CK b
Po
or
10 CK b Ao P o M
qm = . . . C6(3)
To Z o
or
qm To Z o
Ao = 0. 1 . . . C6(4)
CK b Po M
For subcritical flow:
2 k +1
2k Pb k Pb k
Kb = . . . C7
k 1 Po Po
qm = 5.0913 A o K v .p . . . C8(1)
A1
qm . . . C8(2)
Ao = 0.1964
K v . p
NOTES:
1 The effect of static head should be considered.
2 Where the liquid has viscosity less than or equal to that of water at 20C, the factor K v can be
taken as 1.0. For greater viscosities the discharge through a given bursting disc safety device
will be reduced. The viscosity correction factor K v is related to the Reynolds number and can
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TABLE C2
SYMBOLS AND THEIR DESCRIPTIONS
Symbol Description Units
Ao Required minimum cross-sectional flow area mm 2
A1 Cross-sectional area of upstream piping mm 2
AB Bursting disc safety device discharge area mm 2
C Function of the isentropic exponent
k Isentropic exponent
Kb Theoretical capacity correction factor for subcritical flow
Kv Viscosity correction factor
M Molecular mass kg/kmol
Pb Back pressure MPa abs
Po Relieving pressure MPa abs
qm Mass flow rate kg/h
R Universal gas constant 8314 J/mol/K
To Relieving temperature K
3
vo Specific volume at actual relieving pressure and temperature m /kg
Zo Compressibility factor at actual relieving pressure and temperature
Density kg/m 3
Dynamic viscosity Pas
p Differential pressure on venting across bursting disc safety device MPa
Discharge coefficient
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C3 COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
C3.1 General
This method takes into consideration the reversible and the irreversible changes in pressure
throughout the pressure relief system (e.g. nozzle entry, inlet pipe, bursting disc safety
device, discharge pipe and exit to a downstream vessel or to the atmosphere).
For analysis of the pressure relief system, information relating to the pressure loss after
bursting of the bursting disc safety device is required. Recognized fluid flow calculation
methods are adequate so long as the net flow area is known or can be verified and the
calculations are based on valid assumptions.
NOTE: A bursting disc cannot usually be considered to be a round, sharp-edged orifice.
Zo = 105 Po v o M . . . C10
RTo
In the absence of accurate data, the compressibility factor can be obtained from the reduced
temperature, T r = T o Tc and the reduced pressure pr = po pc of critical pressure of the pure
gas as shown in Figure G1 of AS 12712003.
APPENDIX D
TESTING AND CERTIFICATION OF BURSTING DISCS
(Normative)
D1 GENERAL
The verification of the specified bursting pressure requirements of bursting discs/bursting
disc safety devices with non-replaceable bursting disc assemblies shall be carried out in
accordance with this Appendix.
Additional testing requirements necessitated by a particular application are subject to
contractual agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.
D2 BURST TESTING
D2.1 General
A number of bursting discs/bursting disc safety devices with non-replaceable bursting disc
assemblies shall be selected at random from each batch (see Table D1) and be subjected to
burst testing in accordance with Paragraphs D2.2 to D2.4 in order to verify that the bursting
pressures are in accordance with the specified requirements.
Bursting tests carried out during the manufacture of the batch of bursting discs/bursting disc
safety devices with non-replaceable bursting disc assemblies, i.e. discarded and trial bursts,
shall not be considered as part of the batch.
D2.2 Coincident temperature in the range 15C to 30C
The number of bursting discs/bursting disc safety devices with non-replaceable bursting
disc assemblies in accordance with Table D1, shall be tested at any temperature in the range
15C to 30C.
D2.3 Coincident temperature above or below the range 15C to 30C
The number of bursting discs/bursting disc safety devices with non-replaceable bursting
disc assemblies in accordance with Table D1, shall be tested at the coincident temperature.
Alternatively, subject to specific agreement, testing may be carried out at a test temperature
in the range 15C to 30C inclusive providing that both the following are satisfied:
(a) The relationship between the bursting pressure at the test temperature and the
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TABLE D1
NUMBER OF BURSTING DISCS/BURSTING DISC
SAFETY DEVICES WITH NON-REPLACEABLE
BURSTING DISC ASSEMBLIES TO BE TESTED
Total number in a batch Number to be tested
Less than 10 2
10 to 15 3
16 to 30 4
31 to 100 6
101 to 250 4% but not less than 6
251 to 999 3% but not less than 10
1000 and greater Minimum 30
bursting disc assemblies installed the pressure at the inlet shall be increased to 90 per
cent of the expected minimum bursting pressure in a time not less than 5 seconds.
Thereafter the pressure at the inlet shall be increased at a linear rate, which allows
accurate reading of the smallest graduation of the pressure gauge, but in not more
than 120 seconds, until the bursting disc bursts.
NOTE: Some applications may require testing procedures which deviate from the above.
These are subject to contractual agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.
The bursting pressure and any other pertinent characteristics shall be recorded.
(h) Where a bursting pressure is not in accordance with the specified bursting pressure
requirements, (see Clause 1.3.36), the batch shall be rejected.
(i) The appropriate safety precautions shall be observed when carrying out the tests.
D3 CERTIFICATION
The manufacturer shall issue a certificate for each batch or part batch of bursting discs or
bursting disc safety devices with non-replaceable bursting disc assemblies, stating that they
have been manufactured and tested in accordance with the requirements of this Standard.
The certificate shall include the following information:
(a) Manufacturers identity.
(b) Manufacturers model/type reference.
(c) Nominal size designation, as appropriate, for example DN or NPS.
(d) The specified maximum bursting pressure and specified minimum bursting pressure
with a coincident temperature, stating units or the specified bursting pressure and
performance tolerance with a coincident temperature, stating units.
(e) When testing in accordance with Paragraph D2.3(b), information as required in
Item (d) above and correlated to the conditions of the test.
(f) Reference of the manufacturers certified bursting test data used to establish the
bursting pressure, (see Paragraph D2.3(b)).
(g) Actual bursting pressure and the actual temperatures recorded during the tests.
(h) Materials(s) of the bursting disc and components supplied (in the case of impregnated
graphite, the type of impregnant shall be stated).
(i) Manufacturers identification mark.
(j) Batch identity.
(k) Number of this Standard, i.e. AS 1358.
(l) Results of leakage tests, non-destructive examination etc., where appropriate.
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AS 13582004
CORRECTION
SUMMARY: This Amendment applies to A ppendix C.
Published on 1 February 2007.
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AS 13582004
40
NOTES
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