Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Under guidance of
Professor S K Sane and Dr. Hemendra Arya
1
Abstract
Nomenclature
A = Area (m2 )
c = Chord Length (m)
CP = Coefficient of Power
CT = Coefficient of Thrust
CQ = Coefficient of Torque
d = Diameter (inch/m)
D = Drag (N)/Diameter (inch/m)
Eb = Back EMF (V)
I = Current Supplied (A)
J = Advance Ratio
K = DC motor constant
L = Lift (N)
N = RPM (1/min)
n = RPS or Rotational frequency (1/s)
P = Power (W)
p = pitch (inch)
PI = Input Power (W)
Po = Output Power (W)
PA = Net or Useful power for thrust production (W)
Q = Torque (N.m)
r = radius (inch/m)
Ra = Armature Resistance ()
T = Thrust (N)
TA = Thrust Available (N)
2
V = Voltage Across motor (V)/Flow Velocity (m/s)
VR = Resultant flow Velocity (m/s)
V = Translational Velocity Component (Upstream flow velocity) (m/s)
Vr = Rotational Velocity Component (m/s)
x = Efficiency of x
= DC motor flux
= Pitch angle or angle of airfoil with plane of rotation (radian/degree)
= Rotational Velocity (rad/s)
= Angle to direction of motion to which VR acts (radian/degree)
= Angle of attack of airfoil (radian/degree)
Contents
Abstract
Nomenclature
Contents
1. Introduction
3. Operation Limitations
3.1 Motor Operating Limiations
3.2 Propeller Operating Limitations
Appendix
A) Motor Specifications
B) Observation and Calculation tables
C) Matlab Codes
Acknowledgement
3
1. Introduction
4
Image 2: Cobalt Geared DC Motor
There are two methods by which power at the shaft of motor can be estimated
1) Determining No load characteristics then assuming that Back EMF vs RPM
characteristics and Mechanical Losses at No Load and Loaded conditions are
same.
2) Directly measuring torque at the shaft using torque sensor
The task of power measurement using first method has been completed till now (With
an 11X7 Masterscrew glass filled nylon propeller) and is discussed in this section. In this
method first armature resistance of motor is measured by short-circuiting it at the supply
of very low current and voltage (Armature Resistance is measured at beginning and at the
end of experiment because it is sensitive to temperature of motor which varies during the
operation). Motor is run under No Load condition (No propeller at the shaft) and input
power consumption at different RPM is measured. Hence back EMF and mechanical
losses are calculated using theoretical relationship. Again motor is run at loaded
condition and Input power consumption is measured at different RPM. Using no load
characteristics of back EMF and mechanical losses, shaft power is calculated. This way
we obtain Shaft Power vs RPM characteristics. Experiment under Loaded condition is
repeated for different flow velocities in wind tunnel and corresponding CP vs J plot is
obtained. Shaft Power vs RPM plot at different flow velocities is cross-plotted to obtain
Shaft power vs flow velocity plot at different RPM. All these characteristics are analyzed
carefully and compared with ones available in literature for larger propeller.
5
2. Theory and Background
6
VR = V2 + Vr2 (1)
Where V is the translational velocity component and Vr is the rotational
component. This resultant VR acts at a certain angle to the plane of rotation, and this
angle is defined as
V V V
tan = = = (2)
Vr r 2rn
The airflow seen by a given propeller is combination of the airplanes forward
motion and the rotation of the propeller itself. This is sketched in Fig. 3a, where the
airplanes relative wind is V and the speed of the blade section due to rotation of the
propeller is r. Here, denotes the angular velocity of the propeller in radians per
second. Hence, the relative wind seen by the propeller section is the vector sum of V and
r, as shown in Fig 3b.
Where = - (4)
This thrust, when summed over the entire length of the propeller blades, yields the
net thrust available. (TA) which drives the airplane forward.
7
There is one more important parameter, propeller efficiency () which is defined
as
PA TA V C
?P = = = J T (5)
P P CP
Where P is power at the shaft of engine, J is advance ratio, CT is thrust coefficient
and CP is power coefficient. The advance ratio J, which is a measure of how far the
propeller moves forward through the medium per rotation of the propeller, is defined as
V
J = (6)
nD
For a propeller the non dimensional thrust coefficient is defined as
T
CT = (7)
n 2 D 4
Similarly, Power coefficient is defined as
P
CP = (8)
n 3 D 5
A propeller is nomenclatured in terms of two parameters, pitch and diameter.
Pitch is defined as the horizontal distance moved by propeller in one complete rotation at
100 % efficiency and zero slipping. So airfoil at particular section of propeller performs
motion in helical direction as shown in Fig. 5. If the helix is unwrapped onto a two
dimensional plane, the length p is defined geometrically as
p = 2r. tan (9)
8
3 Operation Limitations
Similarly,
Motor torque/amp = 0.91 in-oz/amp
Geared torque/amp = 2.17 in-oz/amp
At maximum current = 25 A
Geared torque = 0.91*25=22.75 in-oz
Ungeared torque = 2.17*25 = 54.25 in-oz
9
3.2 Propeller operating limitations
1) Noise Considerations
The prop tip speed should not exceed 600 to 650 feet per second (180 to 200 m/s)
to keep it within the noise limit (For a master airscrew nylon prop).6
Tip Speed = Vr (ft/s) = r = 0.00436*RPM*(Diameter in Inches)
Vr
RPM = (10)
0.00436 D
2) Mechanical Considerations
One of the differences between wood and glass-filled nylon propellers is that
glass- filled nylon props have suggested RPM limits for mechanical considerations. This
varies according to Diameter of prop. For a Master Airscrew prop RPM limit
recommended by manufacturer is calculated as follows.6
RPM operating limit = 160,000/(Diameter in inches) (11)
For a 11X7 prop,
RPM operating limit = 160,000/11 = 14,545 rpm
Minimum of the above two operating limits will be taken into consideration that
is 12510 rpm.
10
4. Experiment to determine NO LOAD characteristics of Motor
4.1 Apparatus
DC Regulated power supply, DM 20 Multimeter, DC Motor, Optical tachometer.
4.2 Theory
Voltage eqn of Motor is given as2
V = Eb + I*Ra (12)
Multiplying (1) by I
V*I = I* Eb+ I2 *Ra (13)
Where, V*I = Input Power
I2 *Ra = Electrical losses in arma ture
I* Eb = Mechanical power developed
Hence eqn (13) can be interpreted as
Input power = Mechanical power developed + electrical losses in armature
Under no load conditions, torque applied at the shaft is zero hence output of
motor is zero. That is the total power supplied is used to overcome mechanical and
electrical losses only.
When RPM is zero back emf is also zero (from (16)). So eqn (13) will become
Ra = V/I (17)
Using this Ra to calculate back emf for all values of current and voltage. This will enable
us to determine characteristic of mechanical losses Vs RPM using eqns (13), (14) and
(15).
For a constant flux motor back emf is directly proportional to speed of motor (from (16))
11
Hence, Eb RPM
This will provide linear relationship between back emf and RPM, which will be used to
evaluate back emf under loaded conditions and hence mechanical power developed.
12
4.3 Set Up Description and Measurements:
Set up is arranged as shown in Fig. 6 and Image 3. Motor at no load is mounted
on rigid stand and connected to power supply. Voltmeter is connected to measure the
voltage across the motor. A white patch is marked on shaft of motor of measuring RPM
using Tachometer.
Before switching on power supply it is ensured that voltage and current knobs of
supply are at zero. Supply is switched on and voltage and current are increased gradually.
For measuring Ra, one has to ensure that motor shaft should not rotate and current is
brought in the range of 1 amp. After that voltage is measured in steps of 1 volt and
readings of current and RPM are noted down. This is done upto 10 volts. At the end of
experiment readings are taken again for measuring Ra.
Precautions:
1) Select the proper measurement range of voltmeter for accuracy in results. Select
smaller range (i.e. 200 mV or 2 V) for measuring Ra and higher range (20 V) for
measuring voltage across the motor.
2) While measuring Ra ensure that shaft of motor is not rotating. Circuit should
behave like a short circuit.
3) All electrical devices have transition time for warming up, so after changing any
parameter one should wait for sometime to stabilize readings that is steady state.
4) Measure armature resistance at the start and again at the end because of high
heating due to long run-time of motor there is enormous difference in both the
readings.
4.4 Observation:
I set of readings
Date: 28th July 2003
Experiment begins at: 11:21 Experiment Ends at: 12:24
Temperature at the start/end: 28.5/29 deg C
Pressure at the start/end: 995/996 mbar
Humidity at the start/end: 81/80 %
13
Obs. Voltage Across Current Supplied Speed (RPM)
no. Motor (V) (A)
1. 0.98 2.0 476
2. 2.03 2.5 1108
3. 3.01 2.8 1760
4. 4.01 3.7 2455
5. 5.0 4.3 3159
6. 6.0 4.5 3866
7. 7.0 4.8 4587
8. 8.01 5.0 5345
9. 9.01 5.2 6082
10. 10.0 5.2 6770
Table 2: Measuring Voltage, current and speed
During this experiment range of voltmeter selected was higher (20 V). Hence it
was decided to repeat the experiment for measuring Ra at lower voltage ranges.
Accordingly in the second set of readings, Ra was measured at all possible ranges of
voltmeter.
II set of readings
Date: 2/8/03
Experiment starts at: 11:02 am Ends at: 12.40 pm
Temp: 29 o C
Pressure: 1001 mbar
Humidity: 80%
Sr. No. Voltage (V) Current (A) Voltage Range used (V)
A) Before starting the experiment
1 0.0775 1 2 V D.C.
2 0.08 1 20 V D.C.
3 0.11 1 200 V D.C.
4 0.0835 1 200 mV D.C.
B) At the end of the experiment
1 0.188 2 2 V D.C.
2 0.235 2 20 V D.C.
3 0.22 1.9 200 V D.C.
Table 3: Armature resistance measurement
14
Obs. no. Voltage Across Current Supplied Speed (RPM)
Motor (V) (A)
1. 1.0 1.85 525
2. 2.0 2.4 1135
3. 3.0 2.95 1788
4. 4.0 3.58 2458
5. 5.0 4.3 3160
6. 6.0 4.8 3882
7. 7.0 5.18 4623
8. 8.0 5.5 5350
9. 9.0 5.7 6088
10. 10.0 5.4 6800
11. 11.0 5.2 7525
Table 4: Measuring Voltage, current and speed
15
Speed Input Power Back EMF Mechanical Losses Electrical Losses
(RPM) V*I (Watt) V- I*Ra (V) I* Eb (Watt) I^2*Ra (Watt)
476 1.96 0.803 1.606 0.354
1108 5.075 1.80875 4.521875 0.553125
1760 8.428 2.7622 7.73416 0.69384
2455 14.837 3.68255 13.625435 1.211565
3159 21.5 4.61945 19.863635 1.636365
3866 27 5.60175 25.207875 1.792125
4587 33.6 6.5752 31.56096 2.03904
5345 40.05 7.5675 37.8375 2.2125
6082 46.852 8.5498 44.45896 2.39304
6770 52 9.5398 49.60696 2.39304
525 1.85 0.836275 1.54710875 0.30289125
1135 4.8 1.7876 4.29024 0.50976
1788 8.85 2.738925 8.07982875 0.77017125
2458 14.32 3.68317 13.1857486 1.1342514
3160 21.5 4.61945 19.863635 1.636365
3882 28.8 5.5752 26.76096 2.03904
4623 36.26 6.54157 33.8853326 2.3746674
5350 44 7.51325 41.322875 2.677125
6088 51.3 8.49555 48.424635 2.875365
6800 54 9.5221 51.41934 2.58066
7525 57.2 10.5398 54.80696 2.39304
Table 5: Calculating Back EMF and Mechanical Losses at different RPM
16
The values of back emf are plotted against those of motor speeds for both the sets of
readings, on the same scale to yield an approximately straight line.
12
10
8
Back EMF (V)
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Motor Speed (RPM)
50
40
Losses (Watt)
30
20
10
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Speed (RPM)
17
4.6 Conclusions
1) Value of Ra = 0.0885 which is closer to the value provided in manufacturers
manual (Ra= 0.069).
2) Relationship between back emf and speed is determined as linear experimentally,
this matches with theoretical formula. Determined mathematically relationship can
be given as
Back emf = 0.001366*RPM + 0.2629 (18)
3) Mechanical losses (Iron and friction) are calculated at various speeds and
mathematical relationship between them is obtained
Mechanical Losses = -1.5446*E-10*(speed) 3 + 1.92*E-6*(speed) 2 + 1.5*E-3*(speed) +
0.372 (19)
(Matlab code for obtaining eqn (18) and (19) is given in Appendix C (1))
18
5. Experiment to predict the shaft power of DC motor
5.1 Apparatus
Regulated DC Power Supply, Micro-Manometer, Pitot Static tube, Voltmeter,
Tachometer, Tunnel system with Regulated power supply, set up for mounting motor
inside the tunnel.
5.2 Theory
Relationship of Back EMF (Eb) with RPM was established in previous experiment. From
eqn (18)
Back emf = 0.001366*RPM + 0.2629 (18)
V
J = (6)
nD
Plot of Cp vs J is obtained for all flow velocities between 0 to 10 m/s.
Shaft power is estimated using eqn (20) at all va lues of RPM for a particular flow
velocities. In this way Plot of Shaft power vs RPM is obtained at all flow velocities.
This power vs rpm plot is cross plotted to obtain power vs velocity plot for different
values of RPM.
Voltage across motor was being measure at every step. So another plot of power vs
voltage is obtained for all flow velocities.
[Note: In this experiment it is assumed that flow velocity induced by DC motor is
negligible so we will talk in terms of wind tunnel velocity only]
19
5.3 Experime ntal Set-up and description
20
5.4 Observations
First this experiment was conducted when there was no flow inside the tunnel.
Later on this experiment was repeated with V=2, 3 m/s. Observation and Calculation
tables for rest of the flow velocities are given in Appendix B.
Date : 04/08/03
Obs. Parameter At beginning of At end of the
No. the expt. experiment
1 Time 16:55 17:20
2 Temperature (C) 29 29
3 Pressure (mbar) 1003 1003
4 Relative Humidity 79% 80%
5 Voltage across motor at static
condition (for measuring Ra) (V) 0.104 0.175
6 Current through motor at static
condition (for measuring Ra) (A) 1.5 1.7
Table 6: Measuring Experiment Parameters
21
5.5 Calculation and Analysis
All the parameters as explained in section 5.2 theory are calculated and their plots
are obtained for all flow velocities.
(Note: Observation and Calculation tables for velocities other than 0 m/s are given in
Appendix B)
For obtaining correct plot of Cp Vs J, all those points which have values of J
greater than 0.8 were ignored because J is ratio of forward velocity to rotational velocity
at tip of prop. For a MAV in flight Values of RPM are much higher and therefore forward
velocity is much lesser than rotational velocity at the tip of prop. Also those first few
values of Cp which were obtained at very low power supply giving enormously high
values, were ignored.
22
Cp Vs J
0.06
0.05
-0.02
J (advancd ratio)
140.00
120.00
V = 0 m/s
100.00 V=2.25 m/s
V=3.19 m/s
80.00
V=3.90 m/s
Power Watts
V = 5.04 m/s
60.00
V = 6.36 m/s
Power vs RPM plot was crossploted using Matlab code (given in Appendix C)
to obtain power vs Velocity plot shown in Graph 5.
23
Power Vs Velocity
140
120
100
Power at RPM = 1000
Shaft Power (Watt)
80 Power at RPM=2000
Power at RPM=3000
60 Power at RPM=4000
Power at RPM=5000
40 Power at RPM=6000
Power at RPM = 7000
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-20
Velocity (m/s)
Plots of Shaft Power v/s Voltage across motor for different observed forward
velocities
140
24
6. Discussion and Further work
1) Upto this point sufficient technical information about the motor and different
propellers has been collected and this will serve as an exhaustive matter of reference for
further work in future.
2) Motors No load characteristics have been determined which helped in predicting
power generated at the shaft and obtaining other necessary plots.
3) A typical plot of Cp Vs J is shown in fig. 7 taken from reference no. 4
The plot of Cp Vs J obtained in Graph 3 looks similar to that shown in Fig 7. Even
the maximum value of Cp in both the plot is coming closer to same value of 0.04. This
confirms the validity of prediction of shaft power using no load characteristics.
4) From the plot of Power vs RPM (Graph 4), the relationship between power and rpm is
coming cubic which again is in confirmation with physics.
5) Power Vs flow velocity plot (Graph 5) shows that shaft power required to rotate prop
will decrease as flow velocity increases this again confirms physics of system because
energy of flow will aid propeller to rotate hence lesser shaft power will be required.
Following Tasks will be completed in future to finish this exercise of power plant
measurement.
1) Uninstalled thrust measurement using load cell
2) Uninstalled toque measurement using torque sensors
3) Installed thrust and torque measurements
4) Repeating the whole exercise with different propeller-engine combinations
25
References
1. Anderson, J.D.,Introduction to Flight, Mc Graw Hill publishing company, Fourth
Edition, 2000, page no. 595-602.
2. Thareja, B.L., Introduction to electrical engineering, S. Chand company and
publisher limited, 1993
3. B B DALY, Woods Practical Guide to Fan Engineering, Woods of Colchester
Limited publisher.
4. Von mises, R., Theory of flight, Dover Inc., New York,1959
5. http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/geyser/2126/flyinggadgets.html
6. http://www.masterairscrew.com/techbull.asp(Masterscrew propeller instruction
mannual)
7. http://www.astroflight.com (For DC motor instruction manual)
26
Appendix A
Cobalt 15 Geared Motor 7
Cobalt 15 Geared Mtr 2.4 to 1 ratio, 10 to 12 cells, 300W
Astro 15 Cobalt Geared Motor p/n 615G7
Name 05 Geared
27
Battery Prop Amps Watts Rpm
28
Appendix B
a) Flow velocity: 2.25 m/sec
Date: 05/08/03
29
Obs. No. Voltage across DC Current through 2 Propeller
motor DC Motor Speed
(V) (A) (RPM)
1 1.0 2.1 1072
2 2.0 2.9 2260
3 3.0 3.9 3450
4 4.0 5.1 4676
5 5.0 6.4 5940
6 6.0 7.75 7180
7 7.0 9.2 8380
8 8.0 10.6 9560
9 9.0 12.1 10700
10 10.0 13.6 11780
11 11.0 15.2 12800
12 12.0 17.0 13780
Table 11: Observations: Measuring power consumption and propeller speed
30
b) Approach velocity: 3.19 m/sec.
Date: 05/08/03
31
Voltage prop Mechanic Back Shaft Efficiency Cp J
Across speed al Losses EMF power of Motor
the Motor
1 546.5 1.74 1.01 0.28 13.76 0.20 1.27
2 1135 4.33 1.81 0.38 7.38 0.03 0.61
3 1742.5 8.01 2.64 1.50 13.90 0.03 0.40
4 2360 12.60 3.49 4.48 22.88 0.04 0.29
5 3000 18.02 4.36 10.33 31.78 0.05 0.23
6 3625 23.73 5.21 17.47 36.85 0.04 0.19
7 4215 29.30 6.02 26.69 41.00 0.04 0.16
8 4805 34.85 6.83 39.56 45.37 0.04 0.14
9 5370 39.96 7.60 53.87 48.47 0.04 0.13
10 5925 44.64 8.36 73.19 51.90 0.04 0.12
11 6450 48.60 9.07 95.22 54.61 0.04 0.11
12 6940 51.77 9.74 120.68 56.82 0.04 0.10
Table 15: Calculations: Shaft power, Cp and J at V=3.19 m/s
32
Obs. No. Voltage across DC Current through 2 Propeller Speed
motor DC Motor (RPM)
(V) (A)
1 1.0 2.05 1082
2 2.0 2.5 2300
3 3.0 3.6 3520
4 4.0 5.1 4762
5 5.0 6.65 6000
6 6.0 8.0 7240
7 7.0 9.5 8440
8 8.0 10.9 9600
9 9.0 12.25 10700
10 10.0 13.9 11800
11 11.0 15.5 12800
12 12.0 17.85 13840
Table 17: Observations: Measuring Power Consumption and prop RPM
Voltage
Across prop Mechanic Back Shaft Efficiency
Cp J
DC Motor speed al Losses EMF power of Motor
33
d) Approach velocity: 5.04 m/sec.
Date: 06/08/03
34
Voltage Prop Mechanic Back Shaft Efficiency Cp J
across DC speed al Losses EMF power of Motor
motor
35
Obs. No. Voltage across DC Current through 2 Propeller
motor DC Motor Speed
(V) (A) (RPM)
1 1.0 2.45 1024
2 2.0 2.95 2264
3 3.0 3.7 3510
4 4.0 4.8 4730
5 5.0 6.2 5940
6 6.0 7.95 7140
7 7.0 9.5 8350
8 8.0 10.95 9540
9 9.0 12.5 10700
10 10.0 14 11800
11 11.0 15.7 12840
12 12.0 17.5 13800
Table 23: Observations: Measuring Power consumption and prop RPM
36
f) Flow Velocity = 7.34 m/s
Date: 08/08/03
37
Voltage prop Mechanica Back EMF shaft Efficiency Cp J
across DC speed l Losses power of Motor
motor
1 542 1.73 1.00 0.38 18.04 0.28 2.95
2 1163 4.48 1.85 0.15 2.99 0.01 1.38
3 1800 8.41 2.72 0.03 0.31 0.00 0.89
4 2420 13.08 3.57 2.62 14.88 0.02 0.66
5 3040 18.37 4.42 8.78 28.56 0.04 0.53
6 3642.5 23.89 5.24 16.71 35.93 0.04 0.44
7 4240 29.54 6.05 27.68 41.85 0.04 0.38
8 4825 35.03 6.85 40.36 45.86 0.04 0.33
9 5370 39.96 7.60 55.01 48.90 0.04 0.30
10 5920 44.60 8.35 73.55 51.98 0.04 0.27
11 6445 48.56 9.07 96.50 54.83 0.04 0.25
12 6940 51.77 9.74 122.63 57.09 0.04 0.23
Table 27: Calculations: Shaft Power, Cp and J at V = 7.34 m/s
38
Obs. No. Voltage across DC Current through 2 Propeller Speed
motor DC Motor (RPM)
(V) (A)
1 1.0 2.0 1104
2 2.0 2.55 2368
3 3.0 2.95 3650
4 4.0 4.15 4910
5 5.0 5.95 6130
6 6.0 7.7 7350
7 7.0 9.3 8520
8 8.0 10.9 9650
9 9.0 12.6 10800
10 10.0 14.3 11880
11 11.0 16.2 12920
12 12.0 18.0 13880
Table 29: Observations: Measuring power consumption and RPM
39
h) Flow Velocity = 9.18 m/s
Date: 08/08/03
40
Voltage Prop Mechanica Back EMF shaft Efficiency Cp J
across DC speed l Losses power of Motor
motor
41
Obs. No. Voltage across DC Current through 2 Propeller Speed
motor DC Motor (RPM)
(V) (A)
1 1.0 2.1 1110
2 2.0 2.65 2386
3 3.0 3.15 3734
4 4.0 3.85 5040
5 5.0 5.55 6280
6 6.0 7.3 7460
7 7.0 9.0 8590
8 8.0 10.75 9735
9 9.0 12.45 10840
10 10.0 14.2 11940
11 11.0 16.0 12940
12 12.0 17.85 13900
Table 35: Observations: Measuring Shaft power and prop RPM
42
Appendix C
1) Matlab Code to determine relationship of back emf and Mechanical Losses with
RPM under no load conditions.
speed1 =[476 1108 1760 2455 3159 3866 4587 5345 6082 6770];
speed2 =[525 1135 1788 2458 3160 3882 4623 5350 6088 6800 7525];
speed = [speed1 speed2];
backemf1= [0.803 1.80875 2.7622 3.68255 4.61945 5.60175 6.5752 7.5675
8.5498 9.5398];
backemf2= [0.836275 1.7876 2.738925 3.68317 4.61945 5.5752 6.54157
7.51325 8.49555 9.5221 10.5398];
backemf= [backemf1 backemf2];
ML1= [1.606 4.521875 7.73416 13.625435 19.863635 25.207875 31.56096
37.8375 44.45896 49.60696];
ML2= [1.54710875 4.29024 8.07982875 13.1857486 19.863635 26.76096
33.8853326 41.322875 48.424635 51.41934 54.80696];
ML = [ML1 ML2];
P = polyfit(speed,backemf,1);
Q = polyfit(speed,ML,3);
R= polyval(Q,531)
X2 = [531 1125 1732.5 2375 2992.5 3504 4232 4825 5404 5950 6468 6969];
Y2 = [0.385111588 0.850707533 2.308882603 4.815833598 9.241422298
14.25909031 24.93418906 36.24712091 50.32770609 67.17436772 85.92821245
109.4773216];
Q2 = polyfit(X2,Y2,3);
V = [0 2.253405806 3.186797052 3.903013345 5.044668012 6.357179464
7.340638549 8.105871243 9.180387233 9.630880586];
P1(1) = polyval(Q2,1000);
P2(1) = polyval(Q2,2000);
P3(1) = polyval(Q2,3000);
P4(1) = polyval(Q2,4000);
p5(1)=polyval(Q2,5000);
p6(1)=polyval(Q2,6000);
p7(1)=polyval(Q2,7000);
X3 = [536 1130 1725 2338 2970 3590 4190 4780 5350 5890 6400 6890];
Y3 = [0.382332824 0.934243871 2.319673572 5.204451707 9.896384323
16.64102897 26.01313759 37.38389699 51.82038098 68.63875297 88.63544116
112.9996123];
Q3 = polyfit(X3,Y3,3);
P1(2) = polyval(Q3,1000);
P2(2) = polyval(Q3,2000);
P3(2) = polyval(Q3,3000);
P4(2) = polyval(Q3,4000);
p5(2) = polyval(Q3,5000);
p6(2)=polyval(Q3,6000);
p7(2)=polyval(Q3,7000);
X4 = [546.5 1135 1742.5 2360 3000 3625 4215 4805 5370 5925 6450 6940];
Y4 = [0.275283258 0.383734785 1.501352333 4.484856496 10.32920163
17.46675351 26.69245408 39.56170078 53.87458043 73.18566327 95.21765389
120.6842461];
Q4 = polyfit(X4,Y4,3);
43
P1(3) = polyval(Q4,1000);
P2(3) = polyval(Q4,2000);
P3(3) = polyval(Q4,3000);
P4(3) = polyval(Q4,4000);
p5(3) = polyval(Q4,5000);
p6(3)= polyval(Q4,6000);
p7(3)=polyval(Q4,7000);
X5 = [541 1150 1760 2381 3000 3620 4220 4800 5350 5900 6400 6920];
Y5 = [0.329375074 0.174241137 1.468123359 5.160188944 10.98333663
17.98033014 27.91407678 39.53365284 52.95603098 71.24057809 91.33703116
121.775865];
Q5 = polyfit(X5,Y5,3);
P1(4) = polyval(Q5,1000);
P2(4) = polyval(Q5,2000);
P3(4) = polyval(Q5,3000);
P4(4) = polyval(Q5,4000);
p5(4) = polyval(Q5,5000);
p6(4)= polyval(Q5,6000);
p7(4)=polyval(Q5,7000);
X6 = [536 1164 1780 2393 3005 3625 4240 4815 5370 5915 6450 6940];
Y6 = [0.432086624 0.517976713 1.429317758 4.617532275 10.76601841
17.98821851 27.68137638 39.95985194 55.01432843 73.49043 94.76397389
119.7099521];
Q6 = polyfit(X6,Y6,3);
P1(5) = polyval(Q6,1000);
P2(5) = polyval(Q6,2000);
P3(5) = polyval(Q6,3000);
P4(5) = polyval(Q6,4000);
p5(5)=polyval(Q6,5000);
p6(5)=polyval(Q6,6000);
p7(5)=polyval(Q6,7000);
X7 = [512 1132 1755 2365 2970 3570 4175 4770 5350 5900 6420 6900];
Y7 = [0.731707824 1.022106421 1.743709729 4.128969468 9.032400323
17.64377849 27.75658069 39.70461438 54.84878098 72.07280809 93.42486765
118.0161655];
Q7 = polyfit(X7,Y7,3);
P1(6) = polyval(Q7,1000);
P2(6) = polyval(Q7,2000);
P3(6) = polyval(Q7,3000);
P4(6) = polyval(Q7,4000);
p5(6)=polyval(Q7,5000);
p6(6)=polyval(Q7,6000);
p7(6)=polyval(Q7,7000);
X8 = [542 1163 1800 2420 3040 3642.5 4240 4825 5370 5920 6445 6940];
Y8 = [0.378887851 0.14932772 0.028784322 2.619389143 8.78337784
16.70609438 27.68137638 40.35943091 55.01432843 73.54693736 96.50455452
122.6328341];
Q8 = polyfit(X8,Y8,3);
P1(7) = polyval(Q8,1000);
P2(7) = polyval(Q8,2000);
P3(7) = polyval(Q8,3000);
P4(7) = polyval(Q8,4000);
p5(7) = polyval(Q8,5000);
p6(7) = polyval(Q8,6000);
p7(7) = polyval(Q8,7000);
X9 = [552 1184 1825 2455 3065 3675 4260 4825 5400 5940 6460 6940];
44
Y9 = [0.271185775 0.202108448 -0.452495632 1.641359588 7.880408753
16.48156982 26.83777208 39.67404591 56.02743129 75.0299195 98.54458474
123.6071281];
Q9 = polyfit(X9,Y9,3);
P1(8) = polyval(Q9,1000);
P2(8) = polyval(Q9,2000);
P3(8) = polyval(Q9,3000);
P4(8) = polyval(Q9,4000);
p5(8) = polyval(Q9,5000);
p6(8) = polyval(Q9,6000);
p7(8)= polyval(Q9,7000);
X10 = [556.5 1198 1857.5 2502.5 3127.5 3711.5 4304 4860 5415 5965 6490
6950];
Y10 = [0.370066198 0.459808671 -0.129400758 0.96955156 6.694276971
14.92318331 25.75163058 39.87125821 55.00548826 72.37514697 95.34809061
122.3309858];
Q10 = polyfit(X10,Y10,3);
P1(9) = polyval(Q10,1000);
P2(9) = polyval(Q10,2000);
P3(9) = polyval(Q10,3000);
P4(9) = polyval(Q10,4000);
p5(9) = polyval(Q10,5000);
p6(9) = polyval(Q10,6000);
p7(9)=polyval(Q10,7000);
X11 = [555 1193 1867 2520 3140 3730 4295 4867.5 5420 5970 6470 6950];
Y11 = [0.443173975 0.467513133 0.126215662 0.569752071 6.266828005
14.73285352 25.49611604 39.30041543 55.49041635 74.97559798 97.28896479
122.6923657];
Q11 = polyfit(X11,Y11,3);
P1(10) = polyval(Q11,1000);
P2(10) = polyval(Q11,2000);
P3(10) = polyval(Q11,3000);
P4(10) = polyval(Q11,4000);
p5(10) = polyval(Q11,5000);
p6(10) = polyval(Q11,6000);
p7(10)=polyval(Q11,7000);
RPM1 = [V;P1]';
RPM2 = [V;P2]';
RPM3 = [V;P3]';
RPM4 = [V;P4]';
RPM5 = [V;p5]';
RPM6 = [V;p6]';
RPM7 = [V;p7]';
45