CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

B. Acknowledgement
Learning a language means learning its vocabularies. We use the
vocabularies in communication either in spoken form or written form. We try to
send messages, share information and ideas by using the language. In general, no
language acquisition is possible without understanding the vocabulary, either in
the first or the second language (Kweldju, 2004:18).
The process and the way that we go through in learning and using the
target language usually take hard effort especially in learning a foreign language.
This is because a foreign language is different from a mother language. The
differences can be in the rules of the sounds system (phonology), the word
formation (morphology), the word structures (syntax), the words meaning
(semantic), and the social context (sociolinguistic). These can cause problems in
learning a foreign language. However, teachers of a foreign language should
always motivate their students to keep practicing using the language. They should
use many methods which can interest their students in using the target language
in classroom communication.
Students often find difficulties in using a foreign language because they
lack of vocabularies and they often forget easily new vocabularies after they get
the meaning from dictionaries. Sometimes in speaking classes, students can not
speak fluently because they lack of vocabularies. They say only a few sentences
because they can not find the appropriate vocabularies to be used in expressing
their ideas. The same problem is found in writing classes that students can not
write essays easily because they lack of vocabularies. Even though they have
already learned the strategies or techniques in writing essays, still they find
difficulties in constructing sentences. They find difficulties in choosing and using
the appropriate vocabularies. This article is not aim at neglecting the students
problems in sounds system, grammar, and so on. Nor is it aim at placing
vocabulary as the most influential factor in foreign language mastery. It just
intends to bring vocabularies as one of students most difficult aspect to the

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 discussion. This writing concern with the ways teachers can use to help their
students to improve the vocabularies since vocabularies are very crucial in
learning a foreign language. This writing is hopefully can give suggestions to
improve or enlarge students vocabularies toward English as a foreign language.
In English there are many different types of text, narrative text,
descriptive, report, etc. In reading the course we will discuss the different types
of the text. And one of the texts which we discuss in this paper is a narrative text.
What is Narrative Text? Narrative Text Narrative text is a text which contains
about fantasy, fairy tales, or a true story that has been exaggerated. There is
usually a moral to be learned at the end of the story. Example of narrative text can
be folk tales, animal stories, legends, myths, short stories, comic, cartoon, and
others. Therefore, on this occasion we will discuss about the Narrative text
clearly. ranging from linguistic characteristics, sentence structure and other
components.

B. The Problem
Can we study from story? we thought, yes we can. we can study from
story by understand contained point at in it. hereafter to been practiced deep life
everyday. with one story, we can also analyses its elements so we get to develop
our linguistic. Actually story which can be lifted deep its type for example,
narrative text, report text, recount text, etc. is kinds of that story type have aim
each. Therefore ought to we as adolescent educated one want well-read one
stories to add our knowledge.
1. To know the definition of Narrative text.
2. To know the Structure Narrative text.
3. To know the characteristics of Narrative text.
4. To know the difference between a Narrative and Recount text.

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Definition
Narrative text is a text which contains about story (fiction/non fiction/
tales/folktales/fables/myths/epic) and its plot consists of climax of the story
(complication) then followed by the resolution.
Narrative text is a text which contains about fantasy, fairy tales, or a true
story that has been exaggerated. There is usually a moral to be learned at the end
of the story. Example of narrative text can be folk tales, animal stories, legends,
myths, short stories, comic, cartoon, and others.

B. Purpose
A narrative text is a text amuse, entertain and deal with actual or vicarious
experience in different ways. Narrative deal with problematic events which lead
to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution.
The purpose of text To amuse, entertain, and to deal with actual or
vicarious experience in different ways; Narrative deal with problem attic event.

C. The generic Structure

Generic Structure of Narrative text They are:
1) Orientation: sets the scene and introduction the participants (Character, place
and time)
2) Complication: crisis arise.
3) Evaluation: Optional.
4) Resolution or also called solution: The crisis is resolved, for better or for
worse.
5) Reorientation: the cover of the story: optional
6) Coda: changes in the figures and the lessons to be learned from the story Also
sometimes there is a complicated storyline and complex, so the structure of
the story can be shaped.

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 Explanation of the Generic Structure of Narrative text They are:
1. Orientation: it means to introduce the participants or the characters of the
story with the time and place set. Orientation actually exists in every text type
though it has different term. In this story, the first paragraph is clearly seen to
introduce the participants of the Cinderella Story. They were Cinderella her
self as the main character of the story, her step mother which treated
Cinderella badly, and her steps sister which supported her mother to make
Cinderella was treated very badly. Cinderella was introduced as a hero in this
story. She struggled against the bad treatment from her step mother and
sisters.
2. Complication: it is such the crisis of the story. If there is not the crisis, the
story is not a narrative text. In a long story, the complication appears in
several situations. It means that some time there is more then one
complication. In this Cinderella story, we can see clearly that there are Major
Complication and Minor Complication. The second paragraph is the major
complication of this Cinderella story. Cinderella got bad treatment from her
stepmother. It is the bad crisis which drives into several minor complications
which Cinderella has to overcome.
3. Resolution: it is the final series of the events which happen in the story. The
resolution can be good or bad. The point is that it has been accomplished by
the characters. Like complication, there are Major Resolution and Minor
Resolution. In the last paragraph, it is said that finally Cinderella lived
happily. It is the happy resolution of the bad treatment.

D. Language Features of Narrative

Language Feature of Narrative Text. They are:
a. Use active verbs.
b. Use past tense.
c. Use conjunction.
d. The first person (I or We) or the third person (He, She, or They).
e. Use specific nouns.
f. Use adjective and adverbs
Using Simple Past Tense

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 Simple Past Tense is used to express the events that have occurred at a
particular time in the past. events can be short or long. Means can also be
several events happening one after one. In general, there are two important
facts to remember in English tenses this:
- Irregular verbs (Irregular Verbs)
- Negative sentences and questions are not as positive sentence but retain
the basic form of the verb use :
1. Events in the past that have been completed (for example: I went to
school)
2. The situation in the past (they lived a normal life until they won a
lottery)
3. A series of actions in the past
Formula
Positive (+)
- Subject to be (was / were) complement
- Subject verb object 2
Negative (-)
- Subject to be (was / were) not complement
- Subject verb 1 did not object
Using material process
Materials Process also called "Action verbs" is a verb that refers to the action
or actions of the characters, for example: eating (eat / ate / eaten), sleep
(sleep/slept), swimming (swim / swam / swum), etc.
Using relation process
Relational Process is also called a "linking verb" (verb interface) that allows
you to connect the subject with the complement (as Subject Complement). for
example, to be (is, am, are, was, were) taste, look, seem, Become, smell,
Consist of, derive from, function as, etc.
Using temporal conjunction
Temporal conjunction: Conjunction / conjunctive events while connecting
with one another, as firstly, then, next, after that, meanwhile, at that time, etc.
Using temporal circumstance

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 Temporal circumstance: Description of time, such as Once, once upon time,
etc.

E. The kinds of narrative text :

Myth
A tradisional story which may describe the origins of the world, a place, and /
or of people. It is considered a true sacred in he remote past.
Example: Nyi Roro Kidul.
Legend
A true story primarily about human heroes in the recent past and may feature
some religious reference.
Example : The story of Toba Lake.
Fable
A fabel is a short allegorical narrative making a moral point, traditionally by
means of animal characters who speak and act like human beings.
Example: The Mouse Deer and The Crocodile.
Fairy Tale.
A fairy tale is a type of short story that typically features folkloric fantasy
characters, such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, dwarves, giants, mermaids, or
gnomes, and usually magic or enchantments.

F. Conclusion
From the above it can be concluded as follows:
a. Students' understanding of the text will help students in understand the
content of the text as a whole.
b. An understanding of the text as a whole can be done by identify parts of the
text or structure of the text.
c. In the micro-scale, understanding the type of verb or process can guide
students to a deeper understanding and possible to the level of interpretation
of the text, especially the text narrative.

G. Example
ORIENTATION : Once Upon a time, lived a diligent boy
named Malin Kundang. He lived in the

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 seashore with his mother. They were very
poor, but they lived quiet and harmonious.
COMPLICATION : One day, a big ship closed to the beach
near their village. They asked peoples to
join work in their ship and went to the
cross island. Malin Kundang wanted to
join with them because he wanted to
improve his familys life. But his mother
didnt permit him. She worried to Malin.
RESOLUTION : Malin still kept his argument and finally he
sailed with the big ship.
COMPLICATION : Several years later, Malin Kundang succed
and he became rich trader. Then, he came
to his native village with his beautiful wife,
but his wife didnt know Malins real
descent. His happy mother quickly
approached Malin and brought a plate of
village cake, Malins Favorite. But Malin
didnt admit that woman as his poor
mother, and then he kicked the village cake
which brought by his mother until
scattered.
RESOLUTION : His mother very broken heart because
MAlin rebellious to her, who had growth
him. Then, his mother cursed Malin
became stone.
REORIENTATION AND CODA : Suddenly, the bigship which Malins had was
vacillated by a big storm and all of his
crewman tossed aside out. Malin realized
that was his fault that rebellious his
mother. He bowed down and became a
stone.

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H. Different of Narrative Text and Recount Text Generic Structure dari
Narrative Text
Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters
of the story are introduced.
Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.
Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved.
Reorientation Coda : Recount Text or Teks Experiences

Generic Structure of Recount

1. Orientation : Introducing the participants, place and time.
2. Events : Describing series of event that happened in the past.
3. Reorientation : It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to
the story.

Language Feature of Recount:

- Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc
- Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
- Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc
- Using action verb; look, go, change, etc
- Using simple past tense

Narrative Text
Narrative is a text telling a story focusing specific participants. Its social
function is to tell stories or past events and entertain the readers.

Recount Text
Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is
either to inform or to entertain the audience.
I. Example the Story of Narrative Text

Example 1

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 *** Cinderella ***

Once upon a time, there was a girl called Cinderella. Cinderella is lived happily
with her mother and father until her mother died. Feel that Cinderella needs a
mother figure in his life, Cinderellas father remarries to a woman who has two
daughters of her own. Unfortunately, Cinderella's father dies and she lived only
with her stepmother and stepsisters. They were very bossy, she had to do all the
housework.

One day on invitation to the hall come to the family. The King invited for all the
eligible ladies in the kingdom so as to find Prince a wife. Her stepsisters would
no let her go. Cinderella was sad. The stepsisters went to the hall without her.
Fortunately, the fairy Godmother came and helped her to get to the hall with the
wave of magic wand, helped prepared Cinderella for the hall. The fairy does warn
her that is magic will end at a stroke of midnight, so she must leaved the hall
before than.

At the hall all people surprised when Cinderella arrived. And then the Prince
invited Cinderella to danced. He fell in love with her. All of a sudden, the clock
star to chime that is a midnight. Cinderella hastily runs away, dropped a glass
slipper as she does so. Cinderella escapes, with nothing from the night left,
except from the other glass slipper, which had not changed back.

Prince Charming orders his love to be found by means of the odd shoe, and the
Grand Duke is sent around the land getting every girl in the land to try on the
glass slipper to see if it fits. Eventually the Grand Duke reaches the residence of
Cinderella, but she is nowhere to be seen. The stepsisters frantically try to get the
glass slipper to fit so as to wed into royalty, but compatible nothing that. The
Grand Duke is about to leave as Cinderella finally appears. He orders the
messenger to brought forth the glass slipper, yet the stepmother in a last minute
attempt to prevent her stepdaughter from better things, causes the messenger to

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trip, thus broken the fragile shoe into pieces. Yet the arrogant woman hadn't
betted on Cinderella produced the other glass slipper, which fits onto Cinderella's
foot perfectly.

Very soon, wedding bells ring, and Cinderella married her prince, and they live
happily ever after.

Example 2

*** Sincere Will Get a Great Return ***

Once upon a time, there was a kingdom named Auretto, all people lived
peacefully there. One of them was Charlita, the kings daughter who was
assumed as the most beautiful and kindest Princess of Auretto.

One day, Charlita looked blue. Because of that her father got confused. Whats
the matter my beautiful daughter? Why are you so sad? asked King Fernando.
Charlita was just silent. She did not say anything.

Then, King Fernando decided to make a competition to cheer Charlita again.

After that, the palace representative announce: I will make a competition. The
aim is to make my daughter, Princess Charlita to be happy and laugh again.
Everyone who can do it, will get a prize. It will be held tomorrow when the sun
rises. Sign: King Fernando.

The following morning, everybody came to the palace, tried to give their best
performance. They seemed happy and laugh, but not for Princess Charlita. She
was just silent and still looked sad.
King Fernando started to give up. No one amused his daughter. Then, there came
a young handsome man. Excuse me King Fernando. I would like to join your
competition. But, would you mind if I took Princess Charlita for a walk? said

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the young man gently. As long as you make my daughter be happy again, it will
totally alright. said King Fernando. The young handsome man took Princess
Charlita for a walk in a beautiful blue lake with a green forest around it. Princess
Charlita smiled and looked happy after that. Every body looked happy, too. I
know why are you so my beautiful daughter. Now, I promise I will environment
green. I regret for always destroying it. Finally, the environment around the
kingdom became so beautiful and green, full of plants. Then, the young
handsome man got a prize from the king. I will marry you off my daughter.
said him. That is the prize I promise for you. Thanks for keeping our
environment well. Thanks for making my daughter happy again.

Example 3

*** The Legend Of Rawa Pening ***

Once upon a time, there was a little poor boy came into a little village. He was
very hungry and weak. He knocked at every door and asked for some food, but
nobody cared about him. Nobody wanted to help the little boy.

Finally, a generous woman helped him. She gave him shelter and a meal. When
the boy wanted to leave, this old woman gave him a lesung, a big wooden
mortar for pounding rice. She reminded him, please remember, if there is a flood
you must save yourself. Use this lesung as a boat. The lesung was happy
and thanked the old woman.The little boy continued his journey. While he was
passing through the village, he saw many people gathering on the field. The boy
came closer and saw a stick stuck in the ground. People challenged each other to
pull out that stick. Everybody tried, but nobody succeeded. Can I try? asked the
little boy. The crowd laughed mockingly. The boy wanted to try his luck so he
stepped forward and pulled out the stick. He could do it very easily. Everybody
was dumbfounded.

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Suddenly, from the hole left by stick, water spouted out. It did not stop until it
flooded the village. And no one was saved from the water except the little boy
and the generous old woman who gave him shelter and meal. As she told him, he
used the lesung as a boat and picked up the old woman. The whole village
became a huge lake. It is now known as Rawa Pening Lake in Salatiga, Central
Java, Indonesia.

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

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A. Summary
Narrative text is a text which contains about fantasy, fairy tales, or a true
story that has been exaggerated. There is usually a moral to be learned at the end
of the story. Example of narrative text can be folk tales, animal stories, legends,
myths, short stories, comic, cartoon, and others. If concluded, it is a narrative text
is a text which contains a story in the form of written or unwritten, and there is a
series of interconnected events that emphasizes the existence of a conflict and the
solution while the recount is a text that contains a story in which in the form retell
stories and the experiences of the author and the people who described.

REFERENCES

Eggins, Suzanne. 2004. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics 2 nd

Edition. New York: Continuum.

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Grenville, Kate. 2001. Writing from Start to Finish: A Six-Step Guide. NSW: Allen &
Unwin.

Martin, J.R., David Rose. 2003. Working with Discourse, Meaning beyond the
Clause. New York: Continuum.

Priyana, Joko. 2008. Interlanguage: English for Senior Hight School Students XI.
Jakarta: Grasindo.

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