Assignment 1

Gas Turbine Cycles for Industrial Applications

1. Derive expressions using ideal gas turbine cycle assumptions, which
correlate the specific output power and thermal efficiency with turbine
pressure ratio (r), and maximum to minimum cycle temperature ratio (t) for
the following cases:

a. A simple gas turbine cycle

b. A gas turbine cycle with a heat exchanger

c. A gas turbine cycle with reheat

Then draw using a computer code the variations of both specific output work
and efficiency with r, which ranges from 1 to 20, and t, which ranges from 2
to 6 for each case above. Also, compare the power and efficiency for the
three above cases for different values of r and t=4.

2. Determine the specific work output, specific fuel consumption and cycle
efficiency for a heat-exchange -cycle, having the following specification:

Compressor pressure ratio 4

Turbine inlet temperature 1100 K
Isentropic efficiency of compressor 0.85
Isentropic efficiency of turbine 0.87
Mechanical transmission efficiency 0.99
Combustion efficiency 0.98
Heat-exchanger effectiveness 0.8
Pressure losses:
Combustion chamber, Apb 2% comp. delv. press.
Heat-exchanger air-side, Apha 3% comp.delv.press
Heat-exchanger gas-side, Aphg 0.04 bar
Ambient conditions, Pa, Ta 1 bar, 288 K
3. Determine the specific work output, specific fuel consumption and cycle
efficiency for a simple cycle gas turbine with a free power turbine given the
following specification:

Compressor pressure ratio 12

Turbine inlet temperature 1350 K
Isentropic efficiency of compressor 0.86
Isentropic efficiency of each turbine 0.89
Mechanical efficiency of each shaft 0.99
Combustion efficiency 0.99
Combustion chamber pressure loss 6% comp.delv.press
Exhaust pressure loss 0.03 bar
Ambient conditions, Pa, Ta 1 bar, 288 K

4. Consider the design of a high pressure ratio, single-shaft cycle with reheat.
The power required is 240 MW at ambient conditions of 288 K and 101 bar.
Consider that both HP and LP turbines have the same pressure ratio.
Compressor pressure ratio 30
Polytropic efficiency 0.89
(compressor and turbines)
Turbine inlet temperature 1525 K
(both turbines)
Pressure loss (1st combustor) 2% of combustor inlet pressure
Pressure loss (2nd combustor) 4% of combustor inlet pressure
Exhaust pressure 1.02 bar

5. A compressor has an isentropic efficiency of 85% at a pressure ratio of 40.

Calculate the corresponding polytropic efficiency.
[ans. 0876]

6. A generator is to be powered by a simple gas turbine with free power

turbine delivering 20 MW of shaft power. Calculate the air mass flow required
and the SFC. The following data are applicable:

Compressor pressure ratio 11

Compressor isentropic efficiency 0.82
Combustion pressure loss 0.4 bar
Combustion efficiency 0.99
Turbine inlet temperature 1150 K
Gas generator turbine isentropic efficiency 0.87
Power turbine isentropic efficiency 0.89
Mechanical efficiency 0.98
Ambient conditions 1 bar & 288 K

[ans. 1194 kg/s, 0307 kg/kW h]

7. A gas turbine uses a single-shaft configuration with air bled from the
compressor discharge for an industrial application. The unit must provide 15
kg/s bleed air and a shaft power of 200 kW. Calculate (a) the total compressor
air mass flow and (b) the power available with no bleed flow, assuming the
following:

Compressor pressure ratio 3.8

Compressor isentropic efficiency 0.85
Combustion pressure loss 0.12 bar
Turbine inlet temperature 1050 K
Turbine isentropic efficiency 0.88
Mechanical efficiency (compressor rotor) 0.99
Mechanical efficiency (driven load) 0.98
Ambient conditions 1 bar & 288 K

[ans. 478 kg/s, 633 kW]