As 1012.8.1-2000 Methods of Testing Concrete - Compression A

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AS 1012.8.1-2000 Methods of testing concrete - Method of making and curing

concrete - Compression and indirect tensile test specimens
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1 AS 1012.8.12000
TM
Australian Standard
Methods of testing concrete

AS 1012.8.1
Method 8.1: Method for making and curing

concrete Compression and indirect tensile test
specimens
1 SCOPE
This Standard sets out the method for the making and curing of compression and indirect
tensile test specimens of concrete sampled in the laboratory or in the field.
NOTE: This Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This Standard
does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Licensed to E.S.SURESH on 04 Jun 2002. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
The following documents are referred to in this Standard:
AS
1012 Methods of testing concrete
1012.1 Method 1: Sampling of fresh concrete
1012.2 Method 2: Preparation of concrete mixes in the laboratory
1012.3.1 Method 3.1: Determination of properties related to the consistency of concrete
Slump test
Compacting factor test
Vebe test
Compactibility index
1012.4.1 Method 4.1: Determination of air content of freshly mixed concrete
Measuring reduction in concrete volume with increased air
pressure
Measuring reduction in air pressure in chamber above concrete
Measuring air volume when concrete dispersed in water
1012.9 Method 9: Determination of the compressive strength of concrete
specimens
AS
1152 Test sieves
2758 Aggregates and rock for engineering purposes
2758.1 Part 1: Concrete aggregates
www.standards.com.au Standards Australia

AS 1012.8.12000 2
3 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply.
3.1 Designer
The person, persons or organization responsible for the design of the structure.
3.2 Concrete supplier
The person, persons or organization responsible for the supply of the concrete mix.
4 SAMPLING
4.1 Field sampling
For concrete sampled in the field, the test sample shall be obtained in accordance with the
requirements of AS 1012.1.
4.2 Laboratory sampling
For concrete made in the laboratory, the test sample shall be prepared in accordance with
AS 1012.2.
5 SHAPE AND DIAMETER OF STANDARD TEST SPECIMEN

5.1 Shape
The shape of the standard test specimen shall be a right cylinder having a height between
1.95 and 2.05 times the actual diameter of the specimen.
5.2 Diameter
The diameter of the standard test specimen shall either
(a) have a diameter between 145 mm and 155 mm, for a nominal 150 mm diameter test
specimen and the nominal maximum size of the aggregate in the concrete, in
accordance with AS 2758.1, shall not exceed 40 mm; or
(b) have a diameter between 95 mm and 105 mm, for a nominal 100 mm diameter test
specimen, and the nominal maximum size of aggregate in the concrete, in accordance
with AS 2758.1, shall not exceed 20 mm. Such specimen shall not be used for other
than compression testing and mass per unit volume determination.
5.3 Limitations
The following limitations shall apply:
(a) Data from the 100 mm and 150 mm nominal diameter specimens shall not be
combined.
(b) If the nominal maximum size of aggregate in the concrete exceeds that permitted for
standard test specimens, then either
(i) the project specification shall provide detailed clauses regarding the making,
curing and testing of appropriate test specimens; or
(ii) the concrete may be passed through an appropriate size of sieve, in accordance
with AS 1152, to remove the larger aggregate portions enabling the remaining
concrete to comply with the requirements for standard moulds.
NOTE: Test results from these specimens are not representative of the concrete as
supplied, but can provide comparative data for purposes of control.
Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

3 AS 1012.8.12000
6 EQUIPMENT
6.1 Moulds
6.1.1 General
Moulds shall be made of non-absorbent material, which does not react with cement paste,
and their internal surfaces shall have a smooth finish. Each mould shall be provided with a
baseplate, which may be integral or separate. Moulds with separate baseplates shall be
provided with lugs or suitable means for their attachment. The moulds shall be substantial
enough to hold their form without distortion and shall be leak-proof.
Moulds shall be provided with suitable covers designed to minimize the loss of moisture
from the specimens.
When compacting by ramming, moulds shall be fitted with a removable collar of about
150 mm high mounted above, and with the same internal diameter as the mould.
NOTE: It is desirable to mark each mould for identification.
6.1.2 Cylinder moulds
When the cylinder moulds are clamped, they shall be capable of moulding specimens such
that
(a) the diameter of the cast specimen at any point shall not vary from the average for that
mould by more than 1 mm;
(b) the ends of the cast specimen shall be plane and perpendicular to the axis within
0.5 degrees; and
(c) the height of the cast specimen shall be between 1.95 times and 2.05 times the
average diameter.
6.1.3 Baseplates
The surface of the baseplate in contact with the concrete shall not vary from a plane by
more than 0.05 mm.
6.2 Rod for hand compaction
The rod used for the compaction of concrete in cylinder moulds shall comply with the
relevant requirements of AS 1012.3.1, AS 1012.3.2 and AS 1012.3.3.
6.3 Vibrators
Internal vibrators used for the compaction of concrete shall have a frequency of vibration of
at least 115 Hz. The outside diameter of the vibrating element inserted into the concrete
shall be not more than 20 percent of the least dimension of the mould to be filled, but shall
be at least 15 mm.
External vibrators used for the compaction of concrete shall have a frequency of vibration
of at least 50 Hz. Provision shall be made for clamping the mould securely to the vibrator.
6.4 Rammer
The steel rammer used for the compaction of low slump concrete shall comply with the
relevant requirements of AS 1012.3.4.
6.5 Mallet
The mallet used in the moulding of the specimens shall comply with the relevant
requirements of AS 1012.4.1, AS 1012.4.2 and AS 1012.4.3.

AS 1012.8.12000 4
6.6 Scoop
A scoop, shovel or other receptacle used for sampling concrete, with a capacity of not less
than 1 L.
7 MOULDING SPECIMENS
7.1 General
The specimen shall be moulded in accordance with Clause 7.2. The aim is to achieve full
compaction of the concrete. As the method of compaction can have an influence on the
strength and density of the concrete, the method used shall be subject to the following
limitations (see Figure 1):
(a) Rodding shall not be used for concrete having a slump less than 40 mm (see Notes 1
and 3).
(b) Internal vibration shall not be used for concrete having a slump less than 10 mm, or a
vebe value greater than 10, or a compacting factor less than 0.80 or a compactibility
index less than 90.
(c) External vibration no limitations (see Note 2).
(d) Ramming shall not be used for concrete having a compactibility index greater than 90
(see Note 3).
NOTES:
1 For concrete having a slump of 40 mm or thereabouts, compaction by vibration is normally

preferred to compaction by rodding.
2 When using vibration to compact concrete with slump greater than 100 mm, extreme care
should be taken to avoid segregation.
3 Other methods of measuring consistency are not appropriate for setting a limit on the
compacting method to be used.
7.2 Moulding procedure
The procedure for the moulding of specimens shall be as follows:
(a) Thinly coat the inside surface of steel moulds, steel baseplates and covers with a
concrete release agent to prevent adhesion of the concrete. Mould baseplates and
covers other than steel may not require oiling, depending on the material used in their
construction.
(b) Take the sample of concrete as quickly as possible to the place selected for moulding
the specimens.
(c) After mixing the test sample to offset any segregation that has occurred during
transportation, commence casting without delay.
(d) Perform a consistency test, as appropriate, in accordance with AS 1012.3.1,
AS 1012.3.2, AS 1012.3.3 and AS 1012.3.4.
(e) Place concrete in the mould in approximately equal layers using a scoop ensuring
symmetrical distribution of the concrete within the mould.
(f) Compact the concrete without causing segregation or excessive laitance by rodding,
vibrating or ramming, as appropriate, as described in Clauses 7.3 to 7.5.
(g) Complete moulding within 20 min of the completion of mixing the composite sample.

5 AS 1012.8.12000
7.3 Compaction by rodding

The procedure for the compaction by rodding of specimens shall be as follows:
(a) For nominal 150 mm diameter, fill the moulds in three approximately equal layers;
for nominal 100 mm diameter, fill the moulds in two approximately equal layers.
(b) Compact each layer by rodding, the strokes being distributed uniformly over the
cross-section of the mould.
(c) Do not contact the baseplate of the mould with the rod. For each upper layer just
penetrate into the underlying layer with at least the first 10 strokes. The number of
strokes per layer shall be
(i) for nominal 100 mm diameter cylinders .......................25 strokes per layer; and
(ii) for nominal 150 mm diameter cylinders ............................. 35 strokes per layer.
(d) Close any holes remaining in the surface of each layer by tapping the sides of the
mould with the mallet.
(e) Place sufficient concrete in the last layer to overfill the mould when compacted;
however, if the mould is not completely filled after partial compaction of the top
layer, add some additional concrete and complete the compaction.
(f) Strike off and smooth the surface of the concrete. Avoid a mirror finish.
FIGURE 1 CONSISTENCY LIMITATIONS ON THE USE

OF VARIOUS MOULDING PROCEDURES
7.4 Compaction by vibration

The procedure for the compaction by vibration of specimens shall be as follows:
(a) Fill the moulds in two approximately equal layers.
(b) Vibrate each layer until the surface becomes relatively smooth in appearance.
Vibration should not be prolonged beyond the point at which mortar commences to
collect on the surface.

AS 1012.8.12000 6
(c) Place sufficient concrete in the top layer, to overfill the mould when compacted;
layer, add some additional concrete and complete compaction.
(d) Strike off and smooth the surface of the concrete. Avoid a mirror finish.
NOTE: Where an internal vibrator is used, the number of insertions of the vibrator and the
duration of the vibrations that are required to compact each layer would depend on the
workability of the concrete and the effectiveness of the vibrator. The insertions of the vibrator
need to be made at points distributed symmetrically over the cross-section of the mould. The
vibrator should not be allowed to rest on the bottom of the mould or touch the sides of the mould.
Exercise care when withdrawing the vibrator and ensure that no air pockets are left in the
specimen.
7.5 Compaction by ramming
The procedure for the compaction by ramming of cylinder specimens shall be as follows:
(a) Fit collar to the top of the mould.
(b) For nominal 150 mm diameter cylinders, fill the moulds in five approximately equal
layers. Compact each layer with 35 blows of the rammer, the blows being distributed
uniformly over the cross-section of the mould.
(c) For nominal 100 mm diameter cylinders, fill the moulds in three approximately equal
layers. Compact each layer with 20 blows of the rammer, the blows being distributed
uniformly over the cross-section of the mould.
(d) After each layer is compacted, scratch the top surface of that layer with a small
trowel.
(e) Place sufficient concrete in the last layer to overfill the mould when compacted;
layer, add some additional concrete and complete the compaction.
(f) Strike off and smooth the surface of the concrete.
8 IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIMENS
Each specimen shall be identified by the mould marking or by other means that will not
adversely affect the strength of the concrete. Scratch markings shall not be used. As each
specimen is removed from its mould in accordance with the provisions of Clause 10, it shall
be identified by marking with a suitable indelible marking medium.
9 CURING
9.1 Standard temperature zones
For the purpose of this Standard, Australia shall be divided into two zones, as follows:
(a) The Standard Temperate Zone which shall include Australian Capital Territory, New
South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and that portion of Western
Australia south of latitude 25S.
(b) The Standard Tropical Zone which shall include Queensland, Northern Territory and
that portion of Western Australia, north of latitude 25S.
By agreement between the designer and concrete supplier, the requirements of the
alternative temperature zone may be applied.

7 AS 1012.8.12000
9.2 Initial curing

9.2.1 Specimens made in the laboratory
Except for the minimum disturbance that may occur where early capping procedures are
used (see AS 1012.9), specimens made in the laboratory shall be stored undisturbed in their
moulds on a rigid horizontal surface for a period not less than 18 h nor more than 36 h. The
air around the specimens shall be maintained within the following temperature range:
(a) Standard Temperate Zone ............................................................................ 23 2C.
(b) Standard Tropical Zone ............................................................................... 27 2C.
Covers shall be used to minimize the loss of moisture from the specimen.
9.2.2 Specimens made in the field
As soon as is practicable after a period of 18 h from moulding, the test specimens shall be placed
under standard moist-curing conditions. The time between moulding and entry into the standard
moist-curing condition shall not exceed 36 h.
NOTE: The aim is to provide conditions for test specimens that give a maximum of protection
from extremes of temperatures and loss of moisture during their storage in the field.
Specimens made in the field shall be stored under the following conditions:
(a) Undisturbed in their moulds, with lids fitted so as to minimize the loss of moisture
from the specimen, on a rigid horizontal surface for a period of not less than 18 h
from moulding (see Note 1).

(b) At a location, near moulding, protected at all times from strong winds and direct
sunlight.
(c) Under a suitable insulating cover (see Note 2).
NOTES:
1 Where necessary, specimens may be carefully moved immediately after moulding to a
protected on-site location.
2 A reflective double-sided aluminium foil, Grade 501 or equivalent, wrapped around the
specimens has been found to provide effective insulation during most weather conditions.
9.2.3 Non-compliance with initial curing conditions
When standard moist-curing does not commence within 36 h of moulding, the test results
shall be liable to rejection. Under these circumstances the following data shall be recorded:
(a) The reason for the delay.
(b) The length of time between moulding and commencement of standard moist-curing.
(c) The ambient maximum and minimum temperatures in the locality of the curing.
NOTE: The strength of specimens that are exposed to standard moist-curing after 36 h may vary
from those that comply with the standard requirement.
9.3 Standard moist-curing conditions
Standard moist-curing conditions ensure that the concrete specimens made in the laboratory
or in the field are kept wet and at a temperature of
(a) 23 2C, for the Standard Temperate Zone; or
(b) 27 2C, for the Standard Tropical Zone.
Standard moist-curing conditions shall be provided by storing the specimen in
lime-saturated water or in a fog room. Temperatures shall be recorded continuously, or the
limits of temperature shall be recorded by a maximum/minimum thermometer.

AS 1012.8.12000 8
The conditions shall be maintained at all times so that the specimens are kept within the
appropriate temperature range specified in this Clause and so that the surfaces of the
specimens are kept wet.
Care shall be taken to ensure that specimens are not exposed to streams of running water.
NOTE: In fog rooms, even where the humidity is maintained at a very high level, some
supplementary wetting (e.g. mist spray) of the surfaces of the specimens may be required. It
should be recognized that dry spots may occur in fog rooms, and these areas should be avoided.
Because of the initial rapid evolution of heat from concrete with high cement content, it is
sometimes difficult to achieve and maintain wet surfaces during the early stages of curing.
In these circumstances, complete immersion in water during this period may be necessary.
10 DEMOULDING
10.1 Specimens made in the laboratory
After initial curing in accordance with Clause 9.2.1, the specimens shall be removed from
their moulds, identified, and placed under standard moist-curing conditions (see Clause 9.3)
until the time of test.
10.2 Specimens made in the field
After initial curing in accordance with Clause 9.2.2, the specimens shall be handled in
accordance with one of the following ways:
(a) Taken into the laboratory in their moulds. On arrival at the laboratory, the specimen
shall be demoulded and place under standard moist-curing conditions as soon as
possible, but not later than 3 h after arrival.
(b) Removed from their moulds and transported promptly to the laboratory in accordance
with Clause 11. On arrival at the laboratory, the specimen shall be placed under
standard moist-curing conditions as soon as possible, but not later than 3 h after
arrival.
(c) Removed from their moulds and placed under standard moist-curing conditions in
accordance with Clause 9.3 until transported to the laboratory. On arrival at the
laboratory, the specimens shall be placed under standard moist-curing conditions as
soon as possible, but not later than 3 h after arrival.
11 TRANSPORT OF SPECIMENS TO LABORATORY

When specimens are transported to a laboratory, they shall be carried in such a way that
physical damage is avoided, loss of moisture is minimized and temperature extremes are
prevented.
NOTE: Demoulded specimens should be protected during transportation by means such as
wrapping in wet hessian or wet newspaper, and packing in plastics bags within stout containers.
12 RECORDS
The following information concerning the specimens shall be recorded:
(a) Identification of specimen.
(b) Date and time of moulding.
(c) Nominal dimensions of specimen.
(d) Job site or laboratory where moulded.
(e) If the test sample has been sieved, the nominal maximum size of aggregate prior to
sieving and the sieve size used.

9 AS 1012.8.12000
(f) Consistency and method of compaction.

(g) Curing history of specimens i.e.
(i) zone;
(ii) deviations from initial curing requirement as detailed in Clause 9.2.3;
(iii) date and time of commencement of standard moist-curing; and
(iv) method and duration of standard moist-curing.
(h) Condition of specimen at the laboratory where applicable.
(i) Identification of the operator carrying out the test.
(j) Any apparent defects or damage on the specimen.
13 REPORT
The following information shall be reported:
(a) Identification of specimen.
(b) Date, time and location of moulding.
(c) Nominal dimensions of specimen.
(d) If the test sample has been sieved, the nominal maximum size of aggregate prior to
sieving and the sieve size used.

(e) Consistency and method of compaction.
(f) Curing history of specimen, i.e.
(i) zone;
(ii) length of time between moulding and commencement of standard moist-curing;
(iii) duration of standard moist-curing; and
(iv) the daily ambient maximum and minimum temperatures in the locality of the
initial curing when entry to standard moist-curing exceeds 36 h.
(g) Such other information contained in the sampling records (see AS 1012.1) as may be
requested.
(h) Reference to this Standard, i.e. AS 1012.8.1

AS 1012.8.12000
10
NOTES
11
NOTES
AS 1012.8.12000
AS 1012.8.12000 12
This Australian Standard was prepared by Technical Committee BD/42, Methods of Testing Concrete. It was approved on behalf of the
Council of Standards Australia on 28 April 2000 and published on 18 May 2000.
The following interests are represented on Committee BD/42:

Association of Consulting Engineers Australia
AUSTROADS
Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Australian Pre-mixed Concrete Association
CSIROBuilding, Construction and Engineering
Cement and Concrete Association of Australia
Concrete Institute of Australia
National Association of Testing Authorities Australia
University of New South Wales
University of Technology, Sydney
Keeping Standards up-to-date

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Australia International Ltd, PO Box 1055, Strathfield, NSW 2135.
Originated as part of AS A1031957.

Previous edition AS 1012.81986.
Revised and redesignated in part as AS 1012.8.12000.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 98459.
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Title

AS 1012.8.1-2000 Methods of testing concrete - Method of making and curing

Methods of testing concrete

Method 8.1: Method for making and curing

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5 SHAPE AND DIAMETER OF STANDARD TEST SPECIMEN

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1 For concrete having a slump of 40 mm or thereabouts, compaction by vibration is normally

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7.3 Compaction by rodding

FIGURE 1 CONSISTENCY LIMITATIONS ON THE USE

7.4 Compaction by vibration

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9.2 Initial curing

from moulding (see Note 1).

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11 TRANSPORT OF SPECIMENS TO LABORATORY

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(f) Consistency and method of compaction.

sieving and the sieve size used.

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The following interests are represented on Committee BD/42:

Keeping Standards up-to-date

Originated as part of AS A1031957.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 98459.

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