Mechanical weathering is the set of various processes of weathering that break apart

rocks into particles (sediment).

There are five major mechanisms of mechanical weathering:

1. Abrasion is the grinding action of other rock particles due to gravity or the motion of
water, ice or air.

2. Crystallization of ice (frost shattering) or certain minerals such as salt (as in the formation
of tafoni) can exert enough force to fracture rock.

3. Thermal fracture is the result of rapid temperature change, as by fire, volcanic activity or
day-night cycles (as in the formation of grus), all of which rely on the differences in
thermal expansion among a mixture of minerals.

4. Hydration shattering may strongly affect clay minerals, which swell with the addition of
water and force openings apart.

5. Exfoliation or pressure release jointing results from the stress changes as rock is
uncovered after its formation in deep settings.

Mechanical weathering is also called disintegration, disaggregation, and physical weathering.

Much mechanical weathering overlaps with chemical weathering, and it's not always useful to
make a distinction.