Import/Export Policies & Procedures:

In India, exports and imports are governed by the Foreign Trade

(Development and Regulation) Act 1992, which replaced the Import and
Export Act (Control) Act of 1947, and gave the Government of India
enormous powers to control it.

EXIM Norms for Cement:

1) The standards have been published in this book in order to facilitate

the determination of the proportion of various inputs that may be used
or required in the manufacture of different resulting products. In many
cases, the resulting products and required inputs have been described
in generic terms. Applicants will therefore ensure that the goods
requested for importation and actual importation are those used /
required in the export product. The articles allowed for import on the
license will be related to the description of the export product on the
invoice of shipment by the exporter to be authenticated by Customs.
For example, if the permitted entry into the standards is 'relevant
fabrics', only the specific types of fabric, ie polyester or nylon, etc.,
used in the export product will be allowed. Similarly, if the rules
provide for the importation of BOPP film against the export of self-
adhesive tape, only the BOPP film required for the manufacture of self-
adhesive tape and not those required as packaging material will be
permitted.
2) Whenever a specific rule has been provided, it will prevail over the
generic standard established, if applicable. If the application is based
on the generic standard, the specific reason to apply under the generic
standard must be clearly established.
3) In some standards, two or more alternative inputs have been allowed
for importation for the manufacture of a specific resultant product. In
such cases, the applicant must choose a single alternative and the
certificate of advance license / exemption of rights will be issued. In
the event that more than one alternative entry is required, it may be
permitted based on the applicant's specific statement of his
requirement in the resulting product at the time of the registration
application and the license will be issued indicating the quantity
Specific to each entry.
4) All inputs allowed for import under the advance license / certificate of
duty-free replenishment must be stated in terms of quantity. When an
entry has been allowed in the rules or specifically allowed for import by
 the ALC in terms of value as a limiting factor only, such items must be
stated on the license in terms of value only. However, if the quantity
and value of the inputs is a limiting factor, the same will apply.
5) In the case of standards in which inputs based on a percentage of input
content in the export product with some waste or on a net to net basis
or on a net basis plus waste have been allowed, the exporter must
account for the Quantity or quantities allowed for importation Less
waste permitted, if any, in the exported product. In such cases the net
quantity shall be reflected in the description of the export product by
the licensing authority and also in the shipment invoice by the exporter
duly endorsed by the customs authorities.
6) Unless otherwise specified, importing of components will be allowed
provided that it is allowed, net to net, i.e. without any waste, with
accountability clause and type, technical specifications to be imported
Must be adjusted to those used in the manufacture of the resulting
product, which should also be reflected in the export documents
(shipping costs). A condition for this effect shall be imposed on the
license.
7) The applicant will not need to request all the inputs indicated in the
rules for the granting of an advance license / tax-free certificate
provided that all other conditions for the granting of the license are
met in the Foreign Trade Policy and Procedural Manual. For the
anticipated license, the applicant must indicate the source of
acquisition of the remaining inputs, that is, if they are indigenous or
imported, in the application.

Mandatory Documents Required For Export And Import:

Trade documents may be broadly categorized into 3 heads

1. Commercial documents
2. Legal or Regulatory documents
3. Incentive and Assistance Claim documents

Commercial Documents:

Possession of docs imply ownership of goods, Docs represent goods shipped

by exporter, These docs entitle the importer, Indicates goods at destination,
and Used to compensation by insurance, in the event of damage or loss.

Commercial Invoice
Certificate of Origin
Inspection Certificate
 Packing list
Transportation
Insurance Certificate/Policy Documentation
Bill of Exchange - Bill of lading forwarder
Shipment Advice - Airway Bill - Combined transport document

Legal or Regulatory documents:

Docs Requirement As Per Requirement Of GOI

Export License
AR4/AR5 Form
Pre-shipment Inspection Certificate
Export Declaration form
GR/PP/VPP/COD/Softex Form
Shipping Bill - customs

Documentation Requirement as Per Importing Country

Customs Invoice
GSP Certificate of origin

Export Assistance Documents:

Application form
Shipping Bill duly authenticated by customs
Commercial Invoice attested by bank
Statement of exports certified by the negotiating bank
Registration cum membership form of concerned export promotion
council

EXIM Procedure:

Import Process:

Trade enquiry
Procurement of import license
Obtaining foreign exchange
Placing the indent
Dispatching a letter of credit
Obtaining necessary documents
Customs formalities and clearing of goods
 Making the payment

Export Process:

Bank Account
PAN number
Importer-Exporter Code (IEC) Number
Confirmation of order
Procurement of Goods
Quality Control
Finance
Labeling, Packaging, Packing and Marking
Insurance
Delivery
Customs Procedures
Documentation: Bill of Lading/ Airway bill, Commercial invoice cum
packing list, Shipping bill/ bill of export/ bill of entry (for imports)
Submission of documents to Bank

Import Regulation in Jamaica:

Jamaica uses the Common External Tariff (TEC) that was adopted by
members of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), a trading block of
English-speaking Caribbean countries. The CET tariff is based on the
Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System.

Import Duties and Documentation:

The duties are generally assessed on an ad valorem basis and range from
15% to 20% for all items except a small number of commodities, which are
duty free or attract a higher duty rate. In addition to import duties under the
CET, a general consumption tax of 16.5% on the combined value of CIFs and
import duties will be paid. The GCT is a value-added tax that is levied on all
transactions for goods and services, unless exempt or zero. Other fees
include the Customs Administration Fee (CAF) that replaces the Customs
User Fee (CUF), a Standard Compliance Rate (SCF) of 0.3% and an
Environmental Contribution of 0.5% and Stamp Rights.

Documents requires for import in Jamaica:

Supplier invoice
Certificate of origin
Bill of lading
Airway bill
 Import license

Documents requires for export from Jamaica:

Customs Invoice
Packing List
Airway Bill
Tally Sheet
Bill of Lading
Cargo Integrity Forms
Export Licences / Permits

Mode of entry in to foreign markets:

There are following modes that help to enter in foreign market.

1. Exporting
2. Licensing
3. Franchising
4. Contract Manufacturing

Although, most of the company is doing export of the cement from Gujarat
as well as from India. Even, it is an easiest way to enter in foreign market.

Moreover, Jamaica is also doing export of cement in other country.

Supporting Institutes to facilitate export/import in

India:
1. EXIM Bank:
Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank) is specialized financial
institution, wholly owned by Government of India and set up in 1982,
for financing, facilitating and promoting foreign trade of India.
2. Export Promotion Councils:
It helps to appraise Government on export growth, necessary data and
of exporters problems in general trade and advise Government to
remove such difficulties and resolve trade disputes. Moreover, it
establishes contacts with overseas buyers and project associates,
locate, right suppliers and buyers and circulate the trade enquiries
among members.
3. Commodity Boards:
 These are organizations set up for development of certain commodities
for export and deal with all problems of production, development and
marketing of commodities concerned.
4. Export Inspection council (EIC):
With the aim of exporting good quality Indian products to international
standards and to lend any dense overseas buyers to the Government
of India passed the Export Quality Control and Inspection Act of 1963.

5. Zonal Export Import Advisory Committees:

These are set up as follows in four zones namely Northern, Southern,
Eastern and Western Zonal Export Import advisory committees.

Supporting Institutes to facilitate export/import in

Jamaica:
1. EXIM Bank of Jamaica

Shipping & Packaging norms:

The main tasks within a cement plant are the cement packing, as well as
shipping. The finished cement is directly loaded onto trucks or railway
wagons in bulk for distribution to customers or packaged in special bags of
cement packaging and delivered on standard pallets.

Packaging regulation in India:

Packaging:
All prepackaged products imported into India must bear the following
statements on the label:
- The name and address of the importer,
- Generic or common name of the packaged product,
- Net quantity in terms of standard unit of weights and measures,
-Month and year of packaging in which the product is manufactured,
packaged or imported,
-The maximum retail price (MRP) in which the product in packaging can
be sold to the final consumer.
Languages Permitted on Packaging and Labeling:
English or Hindi
Unit of Measurement:
All imported goods and transport documents must show standard units
of measurement and weight.
Mark of Origin "Made In":
 Not mandatory, except in the case of foodstuffs and drinks and also
where preferential import duties are claimed.

Supply Chain Analysis in India:

Supply chain management (SCM) has traditionally played an operational role
within cement companies missing opportunities for cost reduction and value
creation.

Largest Cement Companies Supply Chain Strategy

In his article, Lapide (2006), Supply Chain (SC) operational objectives can be
classified in three groups: asset utilization, customer response and efficiency.
We believe that the cement industry is concentrated on asset utilization with
some level of efficiency. The main reason for this location is that cement
companies are focused in minimizing cost based on the economies of scale
generated by their investment in large manufacturing plants. This is a given
condition for all large cement companies in the industry.

Some cement companies are moving towards the other two operational
objectives to gain differentiation in the market. One key success factor is the
required SC transformation to support this decision.

Supply Chain Analysis in Jamaica:

It covers all activities related to the transformation of goods from the raw
material stage to the final stage when the goods and services reach the end
customer. In addition, it involves the planning, design and control of material
flow, information and finances along the chain in order to deliver value to the
end customer in an efficient and efficient manner.

Supply Chain Operations Demand Prediction Procurement Planning

Production Planning and Control Planning and Distribution Control Inventory
Management Transportation Management Customer Order Processing
Relationship Management.

This is certainly the case of Caribbean Cement, the Jamaican producer of

Portland cement of high quality, whose appearance since humble beginnings
has produced multiple increases in production capacity, a staff of more than
300 employees and a significant presence in the regional market of export.

The company was initially established by local entrepreneurs whose

objective was to use indigenous resources of the island nation to produce
cement, which would provide an alternative to the cement imported at that
time whose quality was not consistent.

The global recession that came in late 2008 and its lingering side effects
have continued to plague Caribbean Cement on the domestic front, but some
of these negative aspects have been offset by a more concerted effort to
expand the company's reach into the Foreign. Its employee count has
remained fairly stable throughout the economic turmoil and 40 percent of its
current production is exported to destinations throughout the Eastern
Caribbean and South and Central America.

There are four sales distribution centers in Jamaica, as well as one

manufacturing plant. The company's main competition, according to its
general manager, Anthony Haynes, comes from products imported from the
United States and the Dominican Republic, although it remains the best
player on the market.

Traditionally, supply chain management has played an operative role within

the cement and mineral enterprises commodity extraction. Recently, cost
reduction projects have driven supply chain management in the light of the
stars. In order to clarify the reasons for the evolution of supply chain
management and demonstrate the value of efficient supply chain
management within the cement industry.

Fierce competition in today's global markets, the introduction of products

with shorter life cycles, and growing customer expectations have forced
companies to focus on their supply chains. Supply chain management is an
extensive area. It has enormous potential to add value as a strategic function
for companies in industries. This analysis will discuss supply chain
optimization about its role in reducing costs in the cement industry.

Since 2000, supply chain management has played an operational role within
cement and mineral extraction companies. Recently, cost reduction projects
have driven supply chain management in the light of the stars. The level of
advancement in the Supply Chain Management (SMC) of cement can
facilitate or restrict the global economic development. In order to analyze the
cement supply chain, we need to understand the nature of the cement
industry, identify the most important inputs and products (from the quarry to
the final customer) and use the tools of today's SCOR model. Supply Chain
Council, Absolute Triangle, ABC analysis and model simulation.

ABC-Analysis:

This tool is used to help supply chain integration and the decision of Push-
Pull limits according to seasonal demand and Reorder Points ROP. ABC-
Analysis is a range of elements that have different levels of significance and
must be handled or controlled differently. It gives managers a quick and
simple review of assortments of products in retail, wholesale or business to
business. The largest cement is known as a mature market product, the main
customers are large and medium builders, concrete producers and
manufacturers of building materials. Cement in bags is known as an
Emergingmajor customers are medium and small builders, DIY (Do It by
Yourself) customers and for exports. Types of masonry cement mostly sold in
bags, the main customers are small builders and DIY customers.
Supply Chain Operations Reference Model (SCOR)

It is another tool. It is used as a reference tool to analyze the processes of

the cement supply chain. In general, the SCOR Model is a multifunctional
framework for assessing and comparing supply chain activities. It was
developed as an independent global consortium of more than one

Thousands of corporate members. Based on (SCOR Model 2009) Agudelo

summarized the cement supply chain

Plan Sourc Delive

Make Return
e ry

The focus of this analysis is based on the main SCORE processes (Plan,
source, brand, delivery and return).

Plan includes management processes to coordinate aggregate supply and

demand. Plan generates a course of action to satisfy the requirements of
origin, manufacture, delivery and return. SCM practices were independent in
the last few decades until recently the SC processes are integrated and
centralized in large cement corporations. Costs can be reduced and the
processes of the cement supply chain can be optimized by SC integration.
This can be done through the use of alternative raw materials, concrete-
cement-concrete integration, vertical transport integration and information
integration.

Source is an umbrella for processes that produce goods to meet the needs
of customers, from strategic roles such as identification and selection of
sources of supply to the execution of operational and tactical activities.
Source also includes risk management, contracts and negotiation. There is
no clear evidence on the limitations on the availability of limestone, but
some countries have more potential than others. Cement companies usually
own the quarries or obtain license agreements with the government to
exploit them. In most countries, governments control cement and mining
industries with environmental regulations related to the exploitation of raw
materials or the environmental impact of the process.
Make covers the processes of transformation of a product from raw material
to well finished. Make includes processes such as job scheduling, process
inventory control, testing, and packaging. The quarries of a cement plant
have to be large enough to support a cement plant that is designed to last
about 100 years on average. The cement manufacturing process is capital
intensive and energy intensive and highly automated continuous production.
Stops and fluctuations in production are very costly. Companies have to
minimize logistics costs and avoid downtime.

The traditional process of cement production is the production-to-stock (MTS)

process. This means that the production is done to satisfy a sales plan so
that the end products can be kept in warehouses and wait for the demand to
be delivered.

Delivery is an umbrella for processes that provide finished products to meet

planned or actual demand. Delivery typically includes order management,
transport management, and distribution management. Cement is a heavy
load with a low value to weight ratio. In many cases the transport of the
product by trucks to distances greater than 300 kilometers may not be
feasible. For the most part, river and rail transport allows the expansion of
plant cover by reducing the cost of transport per ton. However, this may
require a high investment in adequate infrastructure such as terminals and
railways. The cement hardens with water, which also creates a challenge in
transportation. The cement is distributed in bulk or bags. Bulk distribution
requires a dedicated and expensive fleet and specialized equipment for
offloading. The bags are more flexible because they can move in normal
trucks. In emerging markets, distributors such as retailers and wholesalers
are the distribution channel for cement in bags, but bags are also difficult to
load and unload. Vertical integration with logistics providers and
infrastructure is common in the cement industry. This decision depends on
the company's strategy, the country's political situation, the competitor's
strategy and the size of the market.