TEDGlobal2010 Guide

And Now the Good News
TEDGlobal 2010
And Now the Good News
TEDGlobal 2010
July 12—16
2010
Oxford, England
Welcome.
The world craves good

news. It is not in good
shape, and we all know
it. Even those who don’t
tend toward pessimism
have a hard time not
registering the headlines
that remind us, minute
after minute, of the
political, social, economic
and environmental woes
facing the planet.
TEDGlobal 2010 3
Welcome.
Our growing up to something facts. Just to And the world

ecological hopeful, if fragile.
mention a few: is more inter-
footprint is a We are optimistic Infant mortality connected than
special cause for about new ways across the world ever. This has its
concern.We for society is significantly dangers, to be
all feel a subtle to address big, down, as is sure, but overall is
but insistent complex issues. the percentage surely a positive,
sense of alarm About realistic, of people living broadening minds
for the destiny fact-driven, below the and dramatically
of the world, cooperative threshold of expanding the
and sometimes solutions. About extreme poverty. potential for any
may even fear a the amazing array Despite that individual to
coming barbarity of new ideas, (actually because make a difference.
brought on by new technology, of that), global It’s helping to
systemic break- new science, population growth drive spectac-
downs.Yet it is new social and is flattening. ular innovation
not inevitable. political thinking,
Enrollment in in numerous
At TED we see a new art and new primary educat- fields, from
case for optimism. understanding of ion is up across neuroscience to
Not in a naively who we are that the board, neo-green. And
sentimental we see emerging including in it may even be
kind of way everywhere— sub-Saharan boosting aware-
(“don’t worry, just not on the Africa, and the ness, generosity,
technology will front pages. percentage of engagement
fix everything”) population with and sharing—
but in a wide- Hidden behind access to clean certainly we
ranging set of the negative news water and sanita- are experiencing
trends that add are many positive tion is also rising. this firsthand
TEDGlobal 2010 5
Welcome.
through our TED “why Oxford?” the possible.

Prize projects The answer is all You are among
and TEDx and around you. them. Thank you
Open Translation A TEDster who for being here
initiatives. has made this and, with your
town his home participation, for
The job is far from has summarized making TED an
done, of course, it beautifully: even stronger and
but when you “The entire fabric better community.
put it all together, of this place is
an entirely more turned over And now,
hopeful view to thinking hard the good news.
of the future about hard quest-
emerges. Or so ions.” And it
we think. What has been so since
matters more is the 1200s. Chris Anderson
TED Curator
what YOU think. Bruno Giussani
The conversation This week, TED European Director
around these we have tried

topics this coming to gather here,
week is going to from all over
be as important as the world, many
any we’ve hosted of the architects
at TED. and thinkers of
our future—those
Welcome to who are pushing
TEDGlobal, and the boundaries
to Oxford. We of what is known
are often asked and expanding
TEDGlobal 2010 7
The brain is essentially a
computer that wires itself up
during development
and can rewire itself.
Sebastian Seung
We like to take seemingly lofty

psychological phenomena and
reduce them to mechanics.
The question is: how do you get
intelligence from parts that
are unintelligent?
Gero Miesenböck
TEDGlobal 2010 9
One of our challenges is how to
frame things so that people
realize a sustainable life can be
a great life: it can be fun,
interesting, challenging, loving.
Nic Marks
I’ve always had a theory that

we all have an innate ability
to farm and build.
Adrian Dolby
TEDGlobal 2010 11
Perhaps it is time to listen to
women’s side of history.
Zainab Salbi
There’s always a label, an identity,

attached to you, especially when
you’re coming from the Middle
East and especially when
you are a woman.
Elif Shafak
TEDGlobal 2010 13
frog design
&
Hybrid Design
are proud to
present this guide.
TEDGlobal 2010 15
Speakers
Jamil Abu-Wardeh David Adjaye Naif Al-Mutawa Chris Anderson

Comedy impresario Architect Creator, The 99 TED Curator
24 26 28 30
Mitchell Besser Patrick Chappatte Tom Chatfield Marcel Dicke

HIV/AIDS fighter Editorial cartoonist Gaming theorist Ecological entomologist
32 34 36 38
Adrian Dolby Thomas Dolby Karsu Dönmez Peter Eigen

Organic farmer Electronic music pioneer Singer-songwriter Anti-corruption activist
46
40 42 44
Ze Frank Toni Frohoff Neil Gershenfeld John Hardy

Humorist, web artist Wildlife biologist Personal fabrication pioneer Designer, educator
48 50 52 54
TEDGlobal 2010 17
Speakers
Iain Hutchison Sheena Iyengar Jessica Jackley Maz Jobrani

Facial surgeon Psycho-economist Microlender Comedian
56 58 60 62
Stephen Berlin Johnson Tan Le Annie Lennox Stefano Mancuso

Author, web entrepreneur Entrepreneur Activist, singer-songwriter Plant neurobiologist
64 66 68 70
Nic Marks Miwa Matreyek David McCandless Christien Meindertsma

Happiness researcher Multimedia artist Data journalist Artist
72 74 76 78
Gero Miesenböck Inge Missmahl Sugata Mitra Peter Molyneux

Optogeneticist Analytical psychologist Educator Game changer
80 82 84 86
TEDGlobal 2010 19
Speakers
Joseph Nye Emily Pilloton Arthur Potts Dawson Johan Rockström

Diplomat Humanitarian design activist Green chef Sustainability expert
88 90 92 94
Zainab Salbi Laurie Santos Mallika Sarabhai Dimitar Sasselov

Activist and social entrepreneur Cognitive psychologist Dancer, actor, activist Astronomer
96 98 100 102
Sebastian Seung Elif Shafak Auret van Heerden Heribert Watzke

Computational neuroscientist Novelist Labor-rights activist Food nanoscientist
104 106 108 110
Stefan Wolff Conrad Wolfram Sheryl WuDunn Ethan Zuckerman

Ethnic conflicts scholar Mathematician Women’s rights advocate Blogger, digital visionary
112 114 116 118
TEDGlobal 2010 21
Speakers
TEDGlobal 2010 23
Speakers Online Works What others say
Jamil Abu-Wardeh axisofevilcomedy.com Axis of Evil Middle East Comedy Tour “Jamal Abu-Wardeh’s Call to Action:
Comedy impresario 2007, 2008 and 2009 Share your stories
Hezz El Malaab (director) Create the stages where people
can get up and speak
ShowMeMore (skits) Laugh at yourself first
The Mummy 1 & 2, English Patient Take responsibilities seriously
(voiceover) and not yourself”
—Kevin Simpson, TEDxDubai blogger
Jamil Abu-Wardeh
After fifteen years working in
UK television, Jamil Abu-Wardeh
moved to Dubai with a big idea:
believes in the
to bring modern standup comedy
to the Middle East. His grassroots
efforts to build a standup scene in
Dubai, and then across the region,
community-building
led to the first standup comedy
time slot in the programming of
Showtime Arabia. And this led
power of a shared laugh

to a ground- and record-breaking
tour of five Arab countries: The
Axis of Evil Middle East Comedy
Tour. Lines around the block,
—especially in Arabic.
performances for royalty—the
tour tapped into a shared desire
to laugh.
He jumpstarted the Standup comedians on the tour

avoid the three B’s (blue material,
beliefs and “bolitics”) but are free
Dubai standup comedy

to poke fun everywhere else. One
of Abu-Wardeh’s stars, protegé
Wonho Chung, is a Korean kid who
scene, put modern

speaks perfect Arabic and is wildly
popular on YouTube in Saudi
Arabia—proving to Abu-Wardeh
that lines between national groups
Arabic standup on can be broken down if you’re just

funny enough. The impresario
is constantly creating content and
television, and produced

chances for aspiring comics, and
his work has helped touch off a new
If we are able to laugh flowering of standup comedy in
at ourselves, maybe others the region.
will start to have
a different view of us. a groundbreaking
comedy tour in the
Middle East.
TEDGlobal 2010 25
David Adjaye adjaye.com David Adjaye: Making Public Buildings “David is uniquely able to deal with the
Architect by Peter Allison high end and the low. He does com-
David Adjaye: Houses munity projects with very small budgets,
by Peter Allison and he does major institutional projects
with huge ones.”
—Stan Allen, dean,
Princeton School of Architecture
One of the UK’s most

David Adjaye’s work is high-
concept in the best sense—
informed by a central metaphor
buzzed-about architects,
that’s worked into large and small
details of the completed structure.
His Idea Store in Whitechapel,
for instance, is a radical rethink
David Adjaye—
of the free library as a market-
place for ideas. The blue-and-
white-striped facade echoes the
of Ghanaian descent—
stripey awnings over an open-
air market. Similarly, his private
homes play with the tension
between open and closed, between
designed the Nobel Peace the street and inner life, that he
internalized growing up in Jedda,
Cairo and Beirut as the son of a
Center, mold-breaking
Ghanaian diplomat. Collaborations
with artists Chris Ofili and Olafur
Eliasson expand on his explora-
tions of light, shadow and space.
libraries in London His larger public buildings—

including the Nobel Peace Center
and some jawdropping

in Oslo and the Museum of Con-
temporary Art in Denver—tend
to be unshowy containers for deeply
thoughtful ideas about the way
private homes. His a building should be used. Adjaye’s

latest major project, the Smith-
sonian’s National Museum of
new challenge: thinking

African American History and
Culture, planned for the Mall
in Washington DC, is designed
about ways to develop

in the shape of a West African
I am interested in sunrise, crown, a metaphor expressing
not sunset. honor, respect, celebration.
His current “GEO-graphics”
the cultural infrastruc-

exhibition at the Beaux-Arts,
in Brussels, explores Africa as
a center of artistic production.
ture of Africa.
TEDGlobal 2010 27
Naif Al-Mutawa the99.org The 99 “All the characters in ‘The 99’ are
Creator, The 99 the epitome of kindness, generosity,
wisdom and honesty, which are core
Islamic values. Al-Mutawa uses
‘The 99’ to spread a message of peace
that the world really needs to hear.”
—Sumayyah Meehan,
Muslim Media Network
Naif Al-Mutawa has

Widad the Loving, Bari the
Healer, Mumita the Destroyer
and friends, all working together
created a group of comic

to fight evil—the virtues of Islam
are embodied in the characters
of the thrilling new comic The
99. Naif Al-Mutawa, a clinical
superheroes based
psychologist by training, created
the characters with a team of
artists and writers to showcase
on Islamic culture and

traditional, tolerant and enlight-
ened Muslim values in the guise
of good old-fashioned super-
heroes, ordinary mortals who
religion. They derive acquire special powers and

crisscross the globe on missions.
their superpowers from

Soon, the 99 heroes will be saving
the world alongside all-American
heroes Superman, Wonder Woman
and Batman in a crossover comic
the 99 attributes of Allah. with the Justice League. The 99

comic is the cornerstone of an
expanding family (moving toward
videogames and theme parks)
that will bring these characters
into the mainstream; an animated
cartoon series has been announced
for fall 2010 on US cable channel
The Hub. And US President
Barack Obama recently com-
mended The 99 for capturing the
imagination of young people
through their message of tolerance.
That’s why we have 99 characters

from 99 different countries.
To show kids that heroes
can come from anywhere.
TEDGlobal 2010 29
Speakers Online What others say
Chris Anderson ted.com “Thank you Chris. You are doing really
TED Curator important work of bringing a global
community together, facilitating the
‘Global Village’ of visionary realists.”
—Eric Gendell, member, TED.com
After a long career

TED’s Chris Anderson was born
in a remote village in Pakistan,
and spent his early years in India,
in journalism and
Pakistan and Afghanistan, where
his father worked as a missionary
eye surgeon. He graduated from
Oxford University with a degree
publishing, Chris
in philosophy, and then trained
as a journalist. After several years
at newspapers and radio stations,
Anderson became
he got hooked on the strange new
“home computers” which had just
started appearing. He became an
editor at one of the UK’s early
TED’s curator in
computer magazines, and a year
later, in 1985, formed a tiny start-
up to launch his own magazine.
2002 and has been

Its unlikely success led to more
launches, and his company Future
Publishing grew rapidly under
the moniker “media with passion.”
developing it as a Anderson expanded to the United

States in 1994, where he built
platform for identifying

Imagine Media, publisher of Busi-
ness 2.0 magazine, and creator
of the popular games website IGN.
The combined companies eventu-
and disseminating ally spawned more than 100

monthly magazines, employing
2,000 people. And they allowed
ideas worth spreading.

Anderson to create a private
nonprofit foundation, the Sapling
Foundation, which hoped to
find new ways of tackling tough
global issues by leveraging media,
technology, entrepreneurship,
and most of all, ideas. Sapling
acquired the TED Conference in
I’m an idealist. I really 2001, and Anderson left his old
businesses to focus on TED.
think people can change
The conference has grown from
the world ... a small yearly gathering into a
worldwide phenomenon of online
video, fellowships, independent
TEDx conferences and the annual
TED Prize, which carries “one
wish to change the world.”
TEDGlobal 2010 31
Mitchell Besser m2m.org “Save an Angel” “I didn’t want anything to do with HIV-
HIV/AIDS fighter Rachel Eskenazi-Gold Benefit positive people or women, but when
single inspired by mothers2mothers I saw these healthy-looking women and
listened to their stories, I immediately
became part of that family. We actually
created a bond, which will last forever.”
— a mother speaking about her m2m
experience
How can mothers with

In the developed world, daily care
and drugs have turned HIV/AIDS
into a manageable condition,
HIV avoid passing it

and mothers with HIV rarely, any-
more, pass it along to their babies.
(Take a minute to be grateful for
that.) But in developing nations
to their kids? In South

where access to healthcare is dif-
ficult, drugs and day-to-day care
and support are harder to come
Africa, Mitchell
by, and rates of maternal trans-
mission of HIV are much higher.
Doctor Mitchell Besser works
in Cape Town, South Africa,
Besser tapped a new andin 2001, he began a program

called mothers2mothers that aims
to close this gap, by drawing on
resource for healthcare:

the power of community support.
Mothers2mothers employs HIV-

positive moms themselves to
moms themselves. complement the work of doctors

and nurses. After a two-month
training, mentor mothers work
The program he started,

with other moms with HIV
to help them understand how to
keep from transmitting HIV to
their babies. Equally important,
mothers2mothers, trains the members of mothers2mothers

connect at an emotional level
with other moms, offering the
new mothers to educate

support of true peers, helping
to reduce the social stigma around
HIV diagnosis, and helping each
and support other moms

mom stick to her own treatment
regiment so she can watch her
You get a sense here baby grow. From its beginnings
that you can change things— in 2001, mothers2mothers now
socially, emotionally,
operates in 600 clinics in seven
that with energy
countries; 1,600 mentor mothers
and commitment “touch” an estimated 200,000
you really can help
psychologically.
patients a month—accounting for
make things better. 20 per cent of the HIV-positive
patients in Africa.
TEDGlobal 2010 33
Patrick Chappatte globecartoon.com Globalized “Funny, sad, intelligent and thought-
Editorial cartoonist provoking, [Chappatte’s cartoons]
make up a fascinating chronicle of
a period that has changed the planet,
transforming it into another world.”
—Swiss News
Using clean, simple

Patrick Chappatte is a global soul.
Born in Pakistan to a Lebanese
mother and a Swiss father, raised
pencil strokes, editorial

in Singapore, he has lived in New
York and lives now in Geneva,
Switzerland. Perhaps this explains
his way of looking at world events,
cartoonist Patrick
applying the unfettered perspec-
tive of humor to the tragic, the
farcical and the absurd. His simple
Chappatte wields
line delivers pointed jokes.
He draws for The International

Herald Tribune (in English) and
globally literate and

for the Swiss newpapers Le Temps
(in French) and NZZ am Sonntag
(in German), and in all three
to-the-point humor on
languages the subtle insightful-
ness of his cartoons consistently
robs you of a laugh, or more.
world events—the
tragic, the farcical and
the absurd.
I don’t think a cartoon
has ever made someone
change his mind.
View Work
TEDGlobal 2010 35
Speakers Supplemental Images
Patrick Chappatte All cartoons: Patrick Chappatte
Editorial cartoonist
I don’t think a cartoon

has ever made someone
change his mind.
TEDGlobal 2010
Tom Chatfield Prospect: Fun Inc.: Why Games are the “Tom Chatfield’s Fun Inc. is the most
Gaming theorist prospectmagazine.co.uk 21st Century’s Most Serious Business elegant and comprehensive defence of
On Twitter: the status of computer games in our
@tomchatfield culture I have read, as well as a helpful
compendium of research.”
—Pat Kane, The Independent
Tom Chatfield thinks

It can be difficult to wrap one’s
mind around the size and the
reach of modern video- and
about games—what we
online-game culture. But gaming
is not only outstripping more-
traditional media in revenue
(it overtook music in 2008), it’s
want from them, what

become a powerful lens to
re-examine our culture at large.
Tom Chatfield, a longtime gamer,
we get from them, and

is the arts and books editor at
the UK current-affairs magazine
Prospect. In his recent book Fun
Inc., he argues that games, with
how we might use our their immersive quests and deeply

satisfying (and carefully designed)
virtual rewards, are a great place
hard-wired desire for

to test new approaches to real-
world systems that need a reboot.
More than a game journalist,
a gamer’s reward to Chatfield is a game theorist,

looking at neurological research
on how games engage our plea-
change the way we learn.

sure centers—and then looking
at a world where millions of
videogame-veteran Generation
Z’ers are entering the workforce
and the voters’ rolls. They’re good
with complex rule sets; they’re
used to forming ad hoc groups
to reach a goal; and they love to
tweak and mod existing systems.
What if society harnessed that
energy to redefine learning?
Or voting? Understanding the psy-
If we are to understand chology of the videogame reward
the 21st century schedule, Chatfield believes, is not
and the generation only important for understanding
who will inherit it, the world of our children—it’s
it’s crucial that we learn a stepping stone to improving our
to describe the dynamics world right now.
of this gaming life.
TEDGlobal 2010 37
Marcel Dicke insect-wur.nl Insect-Plant Biology “Researchers have been unraveling
Ecological entomologist ent.wur.nl/UK/Personnel/ Chemical Ecology: [the] complex interactions between
Research+Personnel/Marcel+Dicke From Gene to Ecosystem plants and insects since the 1980s,
when Marcel Dicke says he was ‘the
first to show that plants communicate
with the enemies of their enemies.’ ”
—Sophie Wilkinson, Chemical &
Engineering News
Marcel Dicke wants

Marcel Dicke likes challenging
preconceptions. He demonstrated
that plants, far from being passive,
us to reconsider our
send SOS signals by emitting vola-
tile substances when under attack
by pests, attracting carnivorous
insects to eat their enemies. Dicke
relationship with
opened a new field of research and
won the NWO-Spinoza award, the
Dutch Nobel prize.
insects, promoting Now he wants to change Western

minds about insects—especially
insects as food. “People hate bugs,
bugs as a tasty—and
but without insects we might
not even exist,” he says. Dicke’s
PR crusade began in the 1990s,
ecologically sound—
as a lecture series. Then his
team made world headlines when
they convinced 20,000 people
to attend an insect-eating festival
alternative to meat in Waginegen. Today, Dicke leads

what he says is fast-growing
research into insect agriculture,
in an increasingly
and predicts that insects will be
on Dutch supermarket shelves
this year.
hungry world. And does the former vegetarian

eat bugs? “At least once a week.
Locusts are nice cooked with
garlic and herbs, served with rice
or vegetables.”
People hate bugs,

but without insects
we might not even exist.
View Work
TEDGlobal 2010 39
Speakers Supplemental Image
Marcel Dicke Locust bonbon
Ecological entomologist Photo by Hans Smid,
courtesy Bugs Organic Food
People in the tropics don’t

dare talk to Westerners
about the importance
of insects in their diets, be-
cause the typical response
is disgust. So our goal has
been to help the rest of
the world acknowl-edge
insect-eating. We didn’t
foresee how important the
issue would become, as we
face a shortage of animal
proteins due to population
growth and the increase of
wealth.
Not only can we produce

insects efficiently, but they
are better for the environ-
ment and nutritionally
comparable to meat. And
there’s far more variety.
If you eat meat, the variety
of items is typically four
to ten—maybe 20 at the
most, if you live in China.
But there are at least 1,400
species of insects that are
eaten. They’re not all com-
mercially produced, but
as interest grows, so would
diversity of choice. Then
People hate bugs, you could eat many differ-
but without insects ent things—and why not?
we might not even exist. —Marcel Dicke
TEDGlobal 2010
Adrian Dolby barrington-park.co.uk “The estate has observed an increase in
Organic farmer the flora, fauna and wildlife following
the development of the organic rotation.
In particular song birds and grey par-
tridge populations have flourished.
If the organic arable land was returned
to conventional production these envi-
ronmental benefits could be lost.”
—report submitted to UK Parliament 2004
Adrian Dolby
Adrian Dolby was destined to
farm. He spent childhood holidays
on small farms around his Derby-
converted Barrington
shire village, studied at the Royal
Agricultural College, and today
manages Barrington Park Estate
Farms, an organic agricultural
Park Estate Farms

business on a 7,000-acre estate
in the idyllic Cotswolds Hills,
north of Oxford. Besides raising all
into the UK’s largest

its livestock and cereal crops on
a holistically managed, rotational
basis, the estate encompasses
protected ancient woodlands,
organic enterprise, restored hedgerows and grass-

lands—benefiting aquatic and
meadow wildlife—as well as
proving that financial

several villages.
Bucolic, yes. But Dolby insists

deciding on organic was not senti-
and ecological sustain-

mental but economic. “When
I arrived, Barrington produced
only a small amount of organic
ability can—and do
livestock. Then 2003 EU reforms
drastically limited financial
support to agriculture, and we
converted fully to organic as the
—go hand-in-hand. most profitable course of action.”
Dolby thinks while organic

farming is unlikely to triumph
worldwide, it will be important
I’ve always had in a world with diminishing
a theory resources. “With the knowledge
that we all have of how to farm with seed and
an innate ability sound rotation, farmers who can’t
to farm and build. afford pesticides and fertilizers
will be far better off. And of
course the environmental benefits
are significant.”
TEDGlobal 2010 41
Thomas Dolby blog.thomasdolby.com A Map of the Floating City “Dolby enjoys the enviable position of
Electronic music pioneer The Golden Age of Wireless not having to make music for a living,
and that allows him to give serious
Blinded by Science consideration to what’s important to
The Flat Earth him about being a pop artist.”
The Sole Inhabitant (live) —Derk Richardson, San Francisco
Chronicle
Thomas Dolby has

Thomas Dolby has always blurred
the lines between composition and
invention. As a London teenager,
spent his career at the

Tom Robertson was fascinated
with the convergence of music and
technology. His experiments with
an assortment of keyboards, syn-
intersection of music
thesizers and cassette players led
his friends to dub him “Dolby.”
and technology. He was

That same fascination later drove
him to become an electronic musi-
The spheres cian and multimedia artist whose
are in commotion / groundbreaking work fused music
an early star on MTV,

The elements in harmony with computer technology and
video. Two decades, several film
scores, five Grammy nominations
then moved to Silicon

and countless live-layered sound
loops later, it’s clear Dolby’s inno-
vations have changed the sound
of popular music.
Valley to found the In the 1990s, Dolby re-created

himself as a digital-musical entre-
ringtone maker Beatnik;

preneur, founding Beatnik, which
developed the polyphonic ringtone
software used in more than half
a billion cell phones. Now back to
now he’s back on the touring and recording, he’s using

seriously retro technology—such
as 1940s-era oscilloscopes and
road (with friends) with

Royal Navy field-test equipment—
to control his modern synthesizers,
in shows that are at once nostalgic
and cutting edge. Meanwhile, he is
his new album, A Map marking almost a decade as TED’s

music director.
of the Floating City.
TEDGlobal 2010 43
Karsu Dönmez karsudonmez.nl “She’s a huge fan of [Norah] Jones.
Singer-songwriter And the similarities are obvious:
Dönmez has the same quiet touch
combined with a jazzy sound. But
there are differences too: Dönmez’
music is more pop-influenced, and
her voice is stronger and more
emotional.”
— Stephanie van Strijen, NRC
Handelsblad
Young pianist Karsu

With her rich-beyond-her-20-
years vocals and classical touch at
the piano, Karsu Dönmez has been
Dönmez was raised

called the Dutch Norah Jones—
and her music falls into the same
range of smooth, bluesy listening.
But riding that wave of lovely
on jazz, Chopin and

sound are her thoughtful, soulful
lyrics, written in the tradition
of the French chanson story-song.
Turkish music; her Dönmez was trained as a pianist

starting as a young child, and
played and sang at her parents’
sound blends the three

Turkish restaurant in Amster-
dam’s De Pijp neighborhood,
waitressing between sets.
into a modern take

After winning a scholarship and
several awards for young per-
formers, including most recently
the Tans Talent Award, she’s now
on the blues. at work on her first album, to be

released later this year, which
will blend all her influences—jazz,
blues and ethnic—into a soulful
mix all her own.
Most singers sing about love.

My songs touch on
the big questions of life.
TEDGlobal 2010 45
Peter Eigen transparency.org “This is what gives me faith in humani-
Anti-corruption activist ty—the corrupt are not only the minor-
ity, but Mr. Eigen proves they can be
persuaded. When corruption becomes
commonplace, good people can too
become corrupt; but all it takes is strong
effort from all the individuals involved,
and the corruption will be defeated.”
—Mikke B, comment forum, TED.com
As a director of
From the website of Transparency
International comes this elegant
definition: “What is corruption?
the World Bank in

Corruption is the abuse of
entrusted power for private gain.
It hurts everyone whose life,
livelihood or happiness depends
Nairobi, Peter Eigen

on the integrity of people in
a position of authority.”
saw firsthand how

Peter Eigen knows this. He worked
in economic development for
25 years, mainly as a World Bank
manager of programs in Africa
devastating corruption
and Latin America. Among
his assignments, he served as
director of the regional mission
can be. He’s the founder

for Eastern Africa from 1988
to 1991. Stunned by the depth
and pervasiveness—and sheer
destructiveness—of the corruption
of Transparency he encountered, he formed the

group Transparency International
in 1993. Eigen believes that
International, an NGO
the best way to root out corrup-
tion is to make it known. Thus,
Transparency International
works to raises awareness of
that works to persuade corruption, and takes practical

action to address it, including
public hearings. Its annual Global
international companies
Corruption Report and Corrup-
tion Perception Index are widely
recognized as key references.
The members of the World Bank not to bribe or play with

corrupt governments.
thought that foreign bribery
was okay. In Germany, foreign
bribery was allowed.
And it’s working.

It was even tax-deductible.
TEDGlobal 2010 47
Ze Frank zefrank.com The Show with Ze Frank “Frank refers to himself as ‘a mastermind
Humorist, web artist Picture Book 2.0 of online entertainment,’ and that’s not
so far from the truth.”
Flickr Memari
—Killian Fox, The Observer
Ze Frank rose to
Ever since his “How to Dance
Properly” viral video—born as a
party invite for 17 friends—hit the
Internet fame in
Web in 2001, Ze Frank has been
making people giggle, guffaw and
gasp out loud whilst procrasti-
nating at work. He defines, in many
2001 with his viral

ways, the genre of online comedy,
and continues to innovate madly
on the form. His interactive web
video “How to Dance

site is chockablock with addictive
videos, toys, essays and games.
His web hit The Show with
Properly,” and has

Ze Frank drew press, praise and
thousands of viewers daily during
its year-long run ending March
been making online

2007. The podcast earned him
a Vloggie at the inaugural 2006
award show and a Web Award
at SXSW 2007. His most brilliant
comedy and web move: calling on fans to write the

show for him. Using collaborative
tools, online viewers collectively
toys ever since.

put words in his mouth (and props
in his lap); he faithfully performed
this wiki-comedy each week for
his “Fabuloso Friday” show.
He builds web toys for fun and

profit (check out his web-enabled
kaleidoscope) and makes fun
of TED speakers mainly for fun.
I’m interested in the process

... the process of creating.
TEDGlobal 2010 49
Toni Frohoff terramarresearch.org Dolphin Mysteries: Unlocking “‘I don’t anthropomorphize,’ Frohoff
Wildlife biologist whalestewardship.org the Secrets of Communication told me. ‘I leave it to other people
(with Kathleen Dudzinski) to do that. What I do is study gray
protectourdolphins.com whales using the same rigorous meth-
Between Species: Celebrating
the Dolphin-Human Bond odologies that have long been used
(co-edited with Brenda Peterson) to study the behaviors of other species
and interspecies interaction.’”
—Charles Siebert,
“Watching Whales Watching Us,”
New York Times Magazine
Toni Frohoff invest-

Whales and dolphins have
a special meaning to humans.
Their intelligence, their behavior,
igates the behavioral

their social structures, their songs
fascinate us (even while we
continue to hunt them; we’re not
an unparadoxical species our-
and emotional
selves). Toni Frohoff looks at the
way humans interact with ceta-
ceans in many different contexts,
connections between
in particular studying dolphins
in captivity and in the wild, soli-
tary dolphins and those in groups.
Her research asks big questions
humans and marine about trans-species contact:

What can we know about animal
psychology? How do we commu-
mammals, such as
nicate? And what do the animals
we interact with think of us?
Frohoff conducted the first study
whales and dolphins. of the behavior of captive dolphin

behavior during “swim-with-
the-dolphins” programs, and later
We want to get to know

conducted the earliest comparison
of these captive programs with
‘swim’ programs in the wild.
Other research includes studying
them. Are they trying sociable bottlenose dolphins

in Belize and assessing human-
whale interactions. Frohoff directs
to get to know us?

research at TerraMar Research,
a nonprofit that studies the
behavior and works on protect-
ing marine mammals and their
ecosystems. She’s also director
What we have here are of POD (Protect our Dolphins) in
highly sophisticated minds Santa Barbara, California.
in very unique bodies,
living in such a different
environment, and yet these
whales are approaching us
with some frequency for
what appears to be sociable
tactile contact.
TEDGlobal 2010 51
Neil Gershenfeld fab.cba.mit.edu Fab: The Coming Revolution “Neil Gershenfeld’s celebrated,
Personal fabrication pioneer cba.mit.edu on Your Desktop visionary FabLab at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology enables any-
body to design and execute one-of-
a-kind objects complete with brains.”
—Cory Doctorow, The New York Times
As director of MIT’s
MIT’s Neil Gershenfeld is
re-defining the boundaries
between the digital and analog
Center for Bits

worlds. The digital revolution
is over, Gershenfeld says.
We won. What comes next?
The real opportunity His Center for Bits and Atoms
and Atoms, Neil

is to harness the inventive has developed a raft of answers,
power of the world including Internet 0, a tiny Web
to locally design and server that fits into lightbulbs
Gershenfeld explores
produce solutions to and doorknobs, networking the
physical world in previously
local problems.
unimaginable ways.
the boundaries between

But Gershenfeld is best known as
a pioneer in personal fabrication
—small-scale manufacturing
the analog and digital

enabled by digital technologies,
which gives people the tools
to build literally anything they
can imagine. His famous Fab
worlds. His Fab Labs Lab is immensely popular among

students at MIT, who crowd
Gershenfeld’s classes. But the
(fabrication laboratories)
concept is potentially life-altering
in the developing world, where
a Fab Lab with just $20,000 worth
of laser cutters, milling machines
use digital technology and soldering irons can transform

a community, helping people
harness their creativity to build
to build physical objects.

the things they need, including
tools, replacement parts and
essential products unavailable
in the local market.
TEDGlobal 2010 53
John Hardy greenschool.org “Green School Bali [is] one of the most
Designer, educator blog.johnbali.com amazing schools on earth.”
—Stefan Sagmeister
Jewelry designer John

After selling his jewelry company
in 2007, John Hardy and his wife,
Cynthia, endowed a thrilling new
Hardy co-founded the

project: the Green School in Bali.
At the Green School, kids learn
in open-air classrooms surrounded
by acres of gardens that they
extraordinary Green
tend; they learn to build with
bamboo; and meanwhile they’re
being prepared for traditional
School in Bali, where

British school exams. The school
is international—20 percent of
students are Bali locals, some on
scholarship. The centerpiece of
kids get a holistic the campus is the spiraling Heart

of School, which may be called
Asia’s largest bamboo building.
and green education. Hardy has long been an advocate

of the use of bamboo as an alter-
native to timber for building
and reforestation. When running
his company, Hardy pioneered a
program of sustainable advertising
that offset the carbon emissions
associated with the yearly corpo-
rate print advertising by planting
bamboo on the island of Nusa
Penida in a cooperative plantation.
There’s plenty of everything,

except in the presence of
extreme greed.
TEDGlobal 2010 55
Iain Hutchison savingfaces.co.uk The Facial Surgery Research “As a reporter I should maintain at least
Facial surgeon Foundation – Saving Faces a pretence of objectivity, but excuse my
bias on this occasion: I honestly believe
that anyone who has the slightest
interest in art, or any feeling for our
common humanity, should go and see
this exhibition.”
—David Thomas, Telegraph
Iain Hutchison
Iain Hutchison thinks deeply
about our faces. In his practice at
St. Bartholomew’s, Royal London
is an oral and facial

and University College London
Hospitals, he has seen faces that
lack the basic ability to function,
to communicate emotion, to serve
surgeon; his foundation,

as a window to the world. His
work involves repairing individual
faces that have been impaired
Saving Faces, explores

through cancer, birth defect or
accidents—and asking all of us to
look beyond first impressions.
the nature of our

One way he’s seeding the conver-
sation is through the Facial Sur-
gery Research Foundation/Saving
expressions.
Faces, which supports facial
surgery research and education as
well as a groundbreaking artistic
residency by painter Mark Gil-
bert. Right in Hutchison’s office,
patients sat to Gilbert before and
after facial surgery, resulting
in searching, honest portraits
that show the humanity even of
someone whose face we might be
unwilling to look at. The “Saving
Faces” exhibit has been seen by
more than 2 million gallery visi-
tors. Hutchison is also an active
advocate of running clinical trials
for facial surgery, and he funds
and co-supervises two psychology
PhD students to study ways
to improve emotional and func-
tional outcomes.
Facial surgery is challenging
not only because of its
intricacy but because it has
a profound effect on the
patient’s psyche.
TEDGlobal 2010 57
Sheena Iyengar columbia.edu/~ss957 The Art of Choosing “The Art of Choosing explores the
Psycho-economist cultural, social, and biological forces on
the complex process of decision-making
but is also deeply personal.”
—“Books to Read Now,” Seed magazine
Sheena Iyengar
We all think we’re good at making
choices; many of us even enjoy
making them. Sheena Iyengar
studies how people

looks deeply at choosing and
has discovered many surprising
things about it. For instance, her
famous “jam study,” done while
choose (and what

she was a grad student, quantified
a counterintuituve truth about
decisionmaking— that when we’re
makes us think we’re

presented with too many choices,
like 24 varieties of jam, we tend
not to choose anything at all. (This
and subsequent, equally ingenious
good at it). experiments have provided rich

material for Malcolm Gladwell
and other pop chroniclers of busi-
ness and the human psyche.)
Iyengar’s research has been

informing business and consumer-
goods marketing since the 1990s.
But she and her team at the
Columbia Business School throw
a much broader net. Her analysis
touches, for example, on the medi-
cal decisionmaking that might
lead up to choosing physician-
assisted suicide, on the drawbacks
of providing too many choices
We don’t know what and options in social-welfare
programs, and on the cultural and
our taste is. Everyone is
geographical underpinning of
convinced their opinion choice. She’s just published her
is the truth. first book, The Art of Choosing,
which shares her research in
an accessible and charming story
that draws examples from her
own life.
TEDGlobal 2010 59
Jessica Jackley kiva.org “Kiva mixes the entrepreneurial
Microlender daring of Google with the do-gooder
ethos of Bono.”
—Knowledge@Wharton report, Forbes
Jessica Jackley
Seven years ago, Jessica Jackley
heard a speech by Grameen
Bank founder Muhammad Yunus,
is the co-founder of
an economist from Bangladesh
who had developed the idea of
microcredit: loans offered to
entrepreneurs too poor to qualify
Kiva.org, an online
for traditional bank loans. She
says, “I was so completely blown
away by the idea that I quit my
community that helps

job, dropped everything and
moved to East Africa to help.”
In late 2005 she co-founded
individuals loan small

Kiva.org with Matt Flannery.
Kiva uses a peer-to-peer model
in which lenders sort through
amounts of money,
profiles of potential borrowers—
be they a farmer in Cambodia,
a pharmacist in Sierra Leone,
or a shopkeeper in Mongolia—
called microloans, and make loans to those they find

most appealing. The minimum
loan is $25, and the interest rate
to entrepreneurs
is 0%. The repayment rate for
loans is more than 98%, Jackley
says, and since the group was
founded almost 700,000 people
throughout the world. have pledged $128 million in loans

to more than 325,000 people.
Jackley’s latest project is

ProFounder, a new platform
Research shows that women that helps small businesses in
are better borrowers, the United States access startup
because they invest that funding through community
money back into their involvement.
business and families.
View Work
TEDGlobal 2010 61
Speakers Supplemental
Jessica Jackley
Microlender
QA
Kiva did something Most of the people who Has the success of What loans seem to Have you ever received
extraordinary: it lend money on Kiva are Kiva shown that have biggest impact? a loan that changed
reframed the way we not your typical big-bank we’ve become more Microfinance was created your life?
view the poor. Did that lenders. What attracts compassionate? to serve the unbanked, I’ve had a number of loans
Jessica
surprise you? them to your site? I think people by their and traditionally the that have helped me realize
I believe that the best way I think there are lots nature are very generous, people who have been left my dreams, including being
to change the world is of different motivations but we’re told over and out of have been women. able to go to college or start
Jackley
to change the way we see that inspire lenders. over again that things are Research shows that a company. It’s humbling
each other and the way Some people think that so bad, that the world is they’re better borrowers, to go around with an idea
we view the potential of microfinance is really an coming to an end. The because they invest that and a vision and attempt to
others. Most of the stories appropriate method for challenge is great but our money back into their raise money for it.
of the poor I heard when helping to alleviate poverty. ability to help seems very business and families.
growing up were stories Or they connect with the small. What we’re trying But, truthfully, I think Sometimes we don’t have
of sadness and suffering. person seeking the loan. to do is to make that anytime someone is given the things we need to take
They were well meaning They say ‘hey, it’s a single connection with those in a chance that they haven’t the next step. You need a
but I think they also made mom with four kids, just need very direct. That is: been given before, it’s a supportive community of
the poor “the other,” with like me.’ Or ‘that person here’s an individual who good thing. people around you to make
lives that were so dras- is working in textiles and needs help, here is their this happen.
tically different. We are I’ve worked with textiles story, this is what they
taught to react with shame all my life.’ But we also need, right now.
or guilt or panic. But the see classrooms full of kids
poor have the same dreams who are just excited about
and the same goals as we helping someone on the
do, whether it’s a carpenter other side of world because
in Senegal or a sheepherder there are pictured in a field
in Uganda. And when we with lots of fluffy sheep
recognize that connection that are really cute. And
we move into action. If that’s OK, too.
you lend someone money
Research shows that women you’re contributing to
are better borrowers, someone’s dream and hard
because they invest that work. You’re enabling
money back into their someone in a way that
business and families. doesn’t put you above or
below them, but instead
builds a connection of
equality and partnership.
TEDGlobal 2010
Maz Jobrani mazjobrani.com Maz Jobrani: Brown and Friendly “Maz Jobrani is one of the sharpest wits
Comedian Twitter: @MazJobrani Funny in Farsi on this continent and for that matter,
on many others too. He can root out
Jimmy Vestvood: Amerikan Hero the humor in just about any subject or
(in progress) situation.”
— Bill Brownstein, Montreal Gazette
A founding member
Maz Jobrani is an actor and
comedian who starred on the Axis
of Evil Middle East Comedy Tour,
of the Axis of Evil

a groundbreaking tour of the
US and Middle Eastern countries,
where it sold out 27 shows in
Dubai, Beirut, Cairo, Kuwait and
Comedy Tour, Iranian-

Amman. The Axis of Evil Comedy
Central Special premiered in
2007 as, arguably, the first show
American comedian
on American TV with an all-
Middle Eastern/American cast.
Jobrani is now on his own solo
world tour called Maz Jobrani:
Maz Jobrani is now Brown and Friendly.
Jobrani’s comedy pulls from
touring with his solo

his background as an Iran-born
kid raised in Northern Califor-
nia. He pokes fun at cultural
stereotypes of all kinds—starting
comedy show Brown with the stereotype that Middle

Eastern actors can only play a
few kinds of roles in Hollywood.
and Friendly.
He’s been working to develop
rich characters in a variety of TV
From these shows shows and films. His next project:
I’m starting to feel that Jimmy Vestvood: Amerikan Hero,
there’s a real movement for described as a cross between a
peace in this world. Middle Eastern Pink Panther and
Bend It Like Beckham.
TEDGlobal 2010 63
Steven Berlin Johnson stevenberlinjohnson.com Emergence “Johnson is a clear, lively writer with
Author, web entrepreneur Twitter Everything Bad Is Good for You an aversion to jargon and a knack for
@stevenbjohnson crafting offbeat analogies.”
The Ghost Map
—Edward Dolnick, Washington Post
Where Good Ideas Come From
Steven Berlin
Steven Berlin Johnson crafts
captivating theories that draw on
a dizzying array of disciplines,
Johnson is the
without ever leaving his audience
behind. Kurt Anderson described
Johnson’s book Emergence as
“thoughtful and lucid and charm-
best-selling author
ing and staggeringly smart.” The
Ideas are networks. same could be said for Johnson
They are not a single thing. himself. His big-brained, multi-
of six books on the

disciplinary theories make him
one of his generation’s more
intriguing thinkers. His books
take the reader on a journey—
intersection of science, following the twists and turns his

own mind makes as he connects
seemingly disparate ideas: ants
technology and
and cities, interface design and
Victorian novels. His writings
have influenced everything from
the way political campaigns use
personal experience. the Internet, to cutting-edge ideas

in urban planning, to the battle
against 21st-century terrorism.
His forthcoming one Johnson’s breakout 2005 title,

Everything Bad Is Good for You,
took the provocative stance that
examines Where Good our fear and loathing of popu-

lar culture is misplaced; video
games and TV shows, he argues,
Ideas Come From.

are actually making us smarter.
His new book, Where Good Ideas
Come From: The Natural History
of Innovation, will be published
in October 2010. Johnson has
also co-created three influential
web sites: the pioneering online
magazine Feed, the community
site Plastic.com, and most recently
the hyperlocal news platform
outside.in.
TEDGlobal 2010 65
Tan Le emotiv.com “We’re looking at the tip of the iceberg.
Entrepreneur We’re looking at the computer of the
’70s. Everybody knows this is going to
be awesome in the future and do a lot
of things.”
—Nam Do, cofounder of Emotiv
Tan Le is the head of

Tan Le is the co-founder and
president of Emotiv Systems, a firm
that’s working on a new form
Emotiv Systems, which

of remote control that uses brain-
waves to control digital devices
and digital media. It’s long been
a dream to bypass the mechanical
is developing the next

(mouse, keyboard, clicker) and
have our digital devices respond
directly to what we think. Emotiv’s
generation of human-
recently released EPOC headset
uses 16 sensors to listen to activity
across the entire brain. Software
“learns” what each user’s brain
machine interface
activity looks like when one, for
instance, imagines a left turn
or a jump.
—a headset that takes Neuroscientists have expressed

varying views about Emotiv’s
headset and technology—electrical
input directly from activity in the brain is notoriously

difficult to decode—but it does
work. It is a natural for gaming,
the brain.
where ever more complex envi-
ronments demand more complex
inputs. But it’s also a potential
gamechanger for accessibility
apps, such as steering a wheelchair.
Le herself has an extraordinary

story—a refugee from Vietnam
at age 4, she entered college at
Imagine a device that learns 16 and has since become a vital
how to use you. young leader in her home country
of Australia.
TEDGlobal 2010 67
Annie Lennox annielennox.com Annie Lennox Collection “Annie Lennox - YOU are one Fantastic
Activist, singer-songwriter annielennoxsing.com Diva Lady!! I loved you for years, I love you
more now. I lost a few friends due to HIV
youtube.com/officialSINGcampaign Sing and I miss them terribly. I saw you on
tac.org.za/community the tube last night with the shirt on and
thought how brave you are, how much
a change it will make. You have always
displayed courage in your songs, in your
life, in everything you do. Thank You!”
— Kaptainess, YouTube commenter
The most successful

After decades of global fame as
part of Eurythmics and as a solo
artist, Annie Lennox was moved
female British pop

by Nelson Mandela’s call to stop
the HIV/AIDS pandemic in South
Africa, where it disproportion-
ately affects women and children.
musician in history,
She founded the SING campaign
in 2007 to raise both awareness
and money. “This is an illness that
Annie Lennox has

has a lot of stigma,” Lennox says
on her video blog. “What we need
to do is normalize HIV.” Draw-
ing on her talents, she combines
now committed herself music and film to put a human

face on the crisis and emotionally
connect people to the cause.
to raising awareness of, South Africa has a tradition of

activist songs and singing; inspired
by this, in spring 2007 Lennox
and supporting actions invited 23 female artists to record

the benefit single “Sing.” The
record incorporates the South
against, the HIV/AIDS

African activist song “Jikelele,”
which means “global treatment.”
So far, sales of “Sing” have raised
100,000 pounds, while other
crisis in Africa. appearances since then have mul-

tiplied that sum. SING’s money
goes to support efforts such as
the Treatment Action Campaign
(TAC), which works to fight
HIV/AIDS is a mother-to-child transmission
human health issue, of HIV. Lennox is active in many
other causes, both personal and
it is a citizen’s health issue,
political; in 2008 she was awarded
it doesn’t only the Services to Humanity Award
affect those who are by the British Red Cross.
chronically and endemically
poor, although they
are usually the
first line victims.
TEDGlobal 2010 69
Stefano Mancuso linv.org “To christen the lab in 2004, Mancuso
Plant neurobiologist plantbehavior.org decided to use the controversial term
‘plant neurobiology’ to reinforce the
idea that plants have biochemistry, cell
biology and electrophysiology similar
to the human nervous system.”
—Nicole Martinelli, Wired.com
Stefano Mancuso is
Does the Boston fern you’re
dutifully misting each morning
appreciate your care? Or can
a founder of the study

the spreading oak in your local
park take umbrage at the kids
climbing its knotted branches?
of plant neurobiology, an
Not likely, says Italian
researcher Stefano Mancuso,
but that doesn’t mean that these
emerging field of science

same living organisms aren’t
capable of incredibly sophisti-
cated and dynamic forms of
awareness and communication.
that explores signaling

From his laboratory near
Florence, Mancuso and his team
explore how plants communicate,
and communication
or ‘signal,’ with each other,
using a complex internal analysis
system to find nutrients, spread
their species and even defend
at all levels of biological themselves against predators.

Their research continues to
transform our view of plants from
organization, from
simple organisms to complex
ecological structures and com-
munities that can gather, process
and—most incredibly—share
the genetic level on up important information.
to molecules, cells and

If you define intelligence as
ecological communities.
the capacity to solve problems,
plants have a lot to teach us.
View Work
TEDGlobal 2010 71
Stefano Mancuso
Plant neurobiologist
QA
How do plants Why is it important for It seems that while we Can humans commun- Are some plants more
communicate? plants to exchange humans were developing icate with plants? intelligent than others?
We humans use nerves information in this way? language and architecture Not really, because we Some plants display
and neurotransmitters Plants are in stuck in one and philosophy, that behaviors that, in human
Stefano
work on different levels.
to exchange information. place. They can’t run plants were emerging Plants communicate via terms, we normally judge
Plants do not possess away from danger, so they on a parallel, but equally as brilliant. Orchids, for
chemical substances and
nerves or neurons, like we are subject to predation. sophisticated, level. example. Typically, during
electrical signals while
Mancuso
do, but they can transmit But if you have a tomato This is an important point. we use sound waves. the pollination phase a
electrical signals and make plant, for instance, and If you define intelligence as It’s a big gap. Plants are plant will produce a nectar
connections with each there is an insect damaging the capacity to solve pro- perfectly aware of our that attracts an insect.
other. We have found that its leaves, in less than five blems, plants have a lot to existence, though. Plants The insect then picks up
there is a very small region minutes you have all the teach us. Intelligence isn’t are, in general, much more the plant’s pollen and
in their roots that uses surrounding tomato plants only about having a brain. sensitive than animals. transports it to another
a neuro-similar principle within several hundred What other characte- We humans are able to see, flower, which fertilizes it.
to exchange information. meters knowing about the ristics do plants share touch, smell, hear and feel. It’s a business, essentially.
Single cells within the root attack. The other tomato with humans? But plants are able to sense The inset gets nectar and
zone communicate with plants immediately start The cellular machinery and monitor concurrently the plants get pollinated.
neighboring cells and then to produce an inhibit of plants is essentially the among 15 different parame- But this is not the case of
act together. or protein that makes the same as in the humans. ters, including things like orchids. They give nothing
leave indigestible to the The differences are second- gravity, the amounts or salts back to insects. Instead,
Plants don’t have a central- insect that is doing the or heavy metals in the they produce a flower that
ary. In addition, in plants
ized brain and they can’t attacking. A much more looks very similar to the
you can find almost all the soil. Since plants can’t get
move, so they cannot afford spectacular example of up and move they need to female of the insect, and
neurotransmitters we use
to have a single brain this principle happened in be very well prepared. they lure the insect with
in our brain. Molecules
that could, in fact, be eaten the 1980s in South Africa, the promise of sex. The
as glutamate, GABA, dopa-
by a predator. Instead, when several thousand Do individual plants orchid gives nothing in
mine, serotonin, dopamine,
they have dislocated their antelopes started to die in have personalities? exchange. They just use the
melatonin, acetylcholine,
brain function; they’ve a big park. Scientists were It’s a little difficult to say, insect for the transmission
just to cite some. So
spread it out. It’s a form puzzled at first, but they truthfully, but I have done of the pollen. They are
we think there are a lot
of distributed intelligence, soon discovered that the many videos using time- simply fooling and manipu-
of connections there, as
which is embodied in antelope had begun to feast lapse photography that lating the insect. Which,
well, just waiting to be
the roots. Each single root on the acacia trees in the shows plants of the same truthfully, can be a lot like
discovered. For instance,
communicates with the park, killing the trees off type reacting to the same a human.
we are working with
If you define intelligence as nearest one, and then each at an alarming rate. Soon, stimuli in very different
anesthetics in plants and
the capacity to solve problems, plant communicates with the acacias began to pro- ways. Most of the plants
have found that plants
plants have a lot to teach us. the nearest one in a kind duce an increasing amount of a species, for instance,
are sensible to anesthetics.
of elaborate network. It’s of tannins in their leaves, will act one way or another
You can make the plant
something that’s similar to which made them toxic to, say, a certain stimuli,
”unconscious” with anes-
the distributed intelligence to the antelopes. The plants like excessive sound. But
thetics. If you set a Venus
of the Internet in that you that were being attacked occasionally you’ll get a
flytrap in chloroform pretty
have many small computers had begun to defend them- rogue plant that acts very
soon all the traps will close.
which, taken together, have selves—and win! differently. Is this perso-
very great strength. nality? Maybe so.
TEDGlobal 2010
Nic Marks happyplanetindex.org The Happy Planet Index “Marks urged politicians to pay more
Happiness researcher well-beingatwork.net National Accounts of Well-being attention to life satisfaction over GDP.
‘The big message of [the HPI] rankings
neweconomics.org Five Ways to Well-being: is that we have to produce a system that
The Evidence makes people happier without costing
the Earth,’ he said.”
—Louise Gray, Telegraph
Nic Marks gathers

Nic Marks thinks quality of life
is measurable, and that true
contentment comes not from
evidence about what

the accumulation of material
wealth but from our connections
with others, engagement with
the world, and a sense of auton-
makes us happy and

omy. This isn’t just theory:
a pioneer in the field of well-being
research, Marks creates statistical
uses it to promote
methods to measure happiness,
analyzing and interpreting the
evidence so that it can be applied
to such policy fields as education,
policy that puts the sustainable development, health-

care, and economics.
well-being of people
The founder of the Centre for
Well-being, an independent think
tank at the New Economics
Foundation (NEF), in London,
and the planet first. Marks is particularly keen

to promote a balance between
sustainable development and
quality of life, investigated in his
Happy Planet Index. The results
made headlines: People in the
world’s wealthiest countries, who
consume the most of the planet’s
resources, don’t come out on
top in terms of well-being. Which
raises the question: What pur-
pose does unfettered economic
growth serve?
One of our challenges

is how to frame things
so that people realize
a sustainable life can
be a great life:
it can be fun, interesting,
challenging, loving.
TEDGlobal 2010 73
Miwa Matreyek semihemisphere.com Solo: Dreaming of Lucid Living, “She seamlessly combines the would-
Multimedia artist cloudeyecontrol.com Myth and Infrastructure be-separate mediums of performance
With Cloud Eye Control: Under Polaris, art, animation, sculpture and music to
Final Space, Subterranean Heart create a simultaneously whimsical and
intricate experience.”
—FineArtsLA.com
Miwa Matreyek
Miwa Matreyek’s work blurs
the line between real and unreal.
In live works that integrate
creates performances
animation, performance, and
video installation, she explores
I am interested how animation changes when
it is combined with body and
in creating a duality of
where real shapes and

space (and vice versa). In her
suspension of belief video projects, animation takes
and on a more physical and present
suspension of disbelief.
virtual images trade

quality, while body and space
take on a more fantastical quality.
On one hand, Matreyek’s
places, amid layers of

performance can be viewed as
a cinematic experience taking
place on a screen. On the other
animation, video and

hand, what is seen on the screen
is a collapsed product of mul-
tiple layers of animation, objects
and body. Her work exists in a
live bodies. juxtaposition of illusion and non-

illusion. Matreyek is also a
founding member of the perfor-
mance media group Cloud Eye
Control, which makes theatrical
productions with cleverly inte-
grated animation projections.
TEDGlobal 2010 75
Speakers Online Work What others say
David McCandless informationisbeautiful.net The Visual Miscellaneum / “It’s not just the sheer variety of topics
Data journalist guardian.co.uk/news/datablog Information Is Beautiful covered — though knowing the relative
effect of rising sea levels or the prime
Twitter: vintage years for red and white wines
@infobeautiful by country will come in handy someday
soon, I’m certain—but the way in which,
for many of these charts, there’s consid-
erably more than meets the eye.”
—Chris Bilton, Eye Weekly review of
The Visual Miscellaneum
David McCandless
David McCandless makes info-
graphics—simple, elegant ways
to see information that might
draws beautiful
be too complex or too big, small,
abstract or scattered to otherwise
be grasped. In his new book,
Information Is Beautiful (in the
conclusions from
US, it’s being called The Visual
Miscellaneum), McCandless and
his cadre of info designers take
complex datasets—
a spin through the world of
visualized data, from hard stats
on politics and climate to daffy
but no less important trends in
thus revealing pop music.
McCandless’ genius is not so
unexpected insights
much in finding jazzy new ways
to show data—the actual graphics
aren’t the real innovation here—as
in finding fresh ways to combine
into our world. datasets to let them ping and prod

each other. Reporting the number
of drug deaths in the UK every
year is interesting; but mapping
that data onto the number of drug
deaths reported by the UK press,
broken down by drug, is utterly
fascinating (more deaths by mari-
juana were reported than in fact
occurred, by a factor of 484%).
McCandless contributes
I like to use a monthly big-think graphic
information design to the Guardian’s Data Blog, and
to help me understand makes viral graphics for his blog
the world. Information Is Beautiful.
TEDGlobal 2010 77
Christien Meindertsma christienmeindertsma.com Checked Baggage “What Meindertsma and [collaborator
Artist PIG 05049 Julie] Joliat so elegantly illustrate is
the level of disconnect, physically and
psychologically, consumers have from
the production of objects we use on
a daily basis.”
—Paul Galloway, cataloguer, Department
of Architecture and Design, MoMA
Christien
Dutch artist Christien
Meindertsma explores raw mate-
rials in thoughtful ways, making
Meindertsma
simple books and products that
lay bare complex and once-hidden
processes. For her first book,
Checked Baggage, she purchased
uses art (and craft)

a container filled with a week’s
worth of objects confiscated at
security checkpoints at Amster-
to expose the
dam’s Schiphol Airport after 9/11.
She meticulously categorized all
3,267 items and photographed
them on a white seamless back-
hidden processes ground. Her second book, PIG

05049, documents the astounding
array of products that different
and connections
parts of a pig named 05049 could
support—revealing the lines that
link raw materials with produc-
ers, products and consumers that
of our modern life. have become so invisible in an

increasingly globalized world.
PIG 05049 was acquired by New
York’s Museum of Modern Art
this winter.
With her product designs,

Meindertsma plays with ancient,
natural materials and processes.
In a project for the Nature Con-
servancy last year, she made
the sensuous Idaho rug, knitted
from inch-thick felted wool yarn
from the fleece of sheep at Lava
Lake Ranch in Idaho. Each panel
of the massive rug was knitted
(on giant wooden needles) from
the fleece of one sheep, using
a different stitch per animal to
display the personalities that
If you follow one pig, make up a flock.
you end up in the View Work
strangest places.
TEDGlobal 2010
Speakers Supplemental Images
Christien Meindertsma Images from Christien Meindertsma’s book PIG 05049, the result of her research
Artist into all the products made from a single pig. Among the more unexpected findings: am-
munition, medicine, photo film, brakes, beer, wine, cheesecake, cigarettes,
paint and pig fodder.
If you follow one pig,

you end up in the
strangest places.
TEDGlobal 2010
Gero Miesenböck dpag.ox.ac.uk/academic_staff/ “Using their approach to ‘write directly to
Optogeneticist gero_miesenboeck/ memory,’ scientists [like Miesenböck] can
now obtain a level of evidence about brain
function that was impossible before.”
—Kate Melville, Cell
Using light and a little

Gero Miesenböck is pioneering
the field of optogenetics: geneti-
cally modifying nerve cells to
genetic engineering—
respond to light. By flashing light
at a modified neuron in a living
nervous system, Miesenböck
and his collaborators can mimic
optogenetics—Gero
a brain impulse—and then study
what happens next. Optogenet-
ics will allow ever more precise
Miesenböck has dev-

experiments on living brains,
allowing us to gather better evi-
dence on how electrical impulses
on tissue translate into actual
eloped a way to watch behavior and thoughts.
In one experiment, done at Yale,
how living nerve cells

he and his team engineered fruit
flies to be light-sensitive in the
neural area responsible for escape
response. Then the flies were
work, and advanced beheaded; fruit flies can live for a

day without their heads, but they
don’t move. When the modified
understanding of how
cells were flashed with light,
though, the headless flies flew.
Miesenböck had successfully
simulated an order from a brain
impulses move through that wasn’t even there anymore.
His current research at Oxford’s
the brain.
growing department of neurobiol-
ogy focuses on the nerve cell net-
works that underpin what animals
perceive, remember and do. In one
recent experiment, he used opto-
genetics to implant an unpleasant
If you can control memory in a fruit fly, causing it
individual neurons, to “remember” to avoid a certain
you can figure out odor as it traveled around. He
how behaviour works. and his team were able, in fact, to
find the fly’s specific 12-neuron
brain circuit that govern memory
formation.
TEDGlobal 2010 81
Inge Missmahl ingemissmahl.de “Psychosoziale Hilfe und Traumaarbeit” “Psychological therapy is virtually
Analytical psychologist ipso-culturalcontext.com Psychotherapieforum 2006 unknown in Afghanistan. Until recently
Created more than 40 dances and there were only 28 psychologists and
theater pieces psychiatrists in the country for roughly
30 million people.”
—Martin Gerner, Qantara.de
By developing psycho-
From dancer to humanitarian
by way of analytical psychology,
Inge Missmahl’s unusual
social care within

life trajectory led her to Kabul
in 2004, where she saw that more
than 60 percent of the population
were suffering from depressive
primary health care in

The key is empathy. symptoms and traumatic experi-
Someone has to be ences—hardly surprising in
the witness of what has a country that had lived with
Afghanistan which did

ongoing violence, poverty, and
happened. Otherwise, how
insecurity for 30 years.
can you believe that
what you feel is true? In response, Missmahl founded
not exist before, Inge

the psychosocial Project Kabul
for Caritas Germany, a project that
trained Afghan men and women
Missmahl oΩers hope

to offer psychosocial counseling
in 15 centers throughout the
city. The project has offered free
treatment to 12,000 clients to date,
to a society traumatized helping to restore self-determinat-

ion and well-being while breaking
down ingrained gender barriers
by decades of conflict
and social stigma of mental illness.
Psychosocial counseling is now
integrated in the Afghan health
system thanks to Missmahl’s
and insecurity. efforts. She now works on behalf

of the European Union as Techni-
cal Advisor for Mental Health
for the Afghan government,
and is founder of International
Psychosocial Organisation (IPSO),
a network of experts dedicated
to developing and implementing
psychosocial programs in
various contexts.
TEDGlobal 2010 83
ncl.ac.uk/ecls/staff/profile/ The Hole in The Wall (video) “Brilliant! This confirms my self-
Sugata Mitra sugata.mitra By Rory O’Connor and Gil Rossellini cherished belief that Internet was
Educator hole-in-the-wall.com a God-send gift for remote and poor
areas on the planet. I am so taken
by this project!”
—Jiesu Luo, member, TED.com
Sugata Mitra ’s
Can kids teach themselves?
Under the right circumstances,
yes. In 1999, Sugata Mitra ordered
work shows that a

a hole cut in the wall of the New
Delhi office of NIIT, an interna-
tional IT training company where
he worked and which bordered
child’s natural curiosity

a sprawling urban slum. In the
opening, he carefully placed a PC
with Internet access. Then he
is the best impetus for

watched. Within hours, curious
children from the poor neigh-
borhood mobbed the mysterious
but exciting machine, figuring
learning. He preaches out how to operate it without any

formal training.
‘minimally invasive
The Hole in the Wall experiment
has many leading educators
rethinking the way kids are taught
—and Mitra’s work at Newcastle
education,’ in which University in England involves

building out a way to turn this
insight into real teaching plans.
kids are given access

The ramifications of the experi-
ment also touched popular
culture. Indian diplomat Vikas
Swarup read about Mitra’s
to the right resources, experiment and was inspired to

write his debut novel Q and A,
which subsequently went on to
motivating content
become the Oscar-winning movie
Slumdog Millionaire.
and some minimal

Primary education
can happen on its own,
or parts of it can happen
human guidance.
on its own. It does not
have to be imposed from
the top downward.
View Work
TEDGlobal 2010 85
Sugata Mitra
Educator
QA
You’ve shown that understand it any better. Not much. But this is instance, has this very You’ve noted that ‘cooperative learning.’
learning can be done Some of the greatest tech something that many beautiful coffeetable- children ages 6 through This is how companies
very effectively in a applications written have older folks wring their size computer based on 13 are at the optimal work: together, in teams.
self-organizing system. point for self-instruction.
Sugata
been made by people in hands about and say, multitouch technology. We are missing out on
If so, what is the role their 30s and 40s. So it’s ‘Oh, this younger gen- They’re fast and fantastic. Have we lost them by 14? the togetherness of the
of a formal educational Not lost, no, but they’re
not all about the insights eration is hooked on A few days, however, I got past generations. It may
structure? adolescents and their
of younger minds. But technology and going to a few 8- and 9-year-olds be simpler to live alone,
Mitra
A school is like a scaffold— priorities change. The rest whether physically
here is something that is the dogs. They can’t even to test one, and within
it helps to structure our of society does nothing
different: Children believe read a timetable and 90 seconds they got the or isolated by technology,
learning. It allows learning about the fact that teens
if they need to learn catch a bus anymore.’ machine to hang (laughs). but the mind goes sour.
to happen in a set space have hormones that are
something they can learn And, of course, the kids And that causes a lot of
and at a set pace. A lot going crazy. We beat it into problems in child-rearing.
it at the point they need look at us quizzically What the engineers at
of learning can be self- the kids to ‘do your math
it, in just a few moments. and say, ‘Well, what’s Microsoft didn’t figure There still exists a sense
directed and self-paced, and do your science.’ But
They pull a cell phone or so fucking great about was that if you put your of community in societies
no question, but there you know what? Having
pager out of their pocket, catching a bus?’ (laughs). forearm down on the of Southeast Asia, parts of
is much research which
surf the web for a few I think that kids have table—as children are wont a boyfriend or girlfriend India, parts of China. And
shows that mediation is far more interesting to
moments and have the every right to be asking to do because they are you’ll notice that the kids
and environment do play
answer. They believe the questions they’re small and have to reach to them. So it’s a biological there are different. They
a very important role in
that education is in their asking. If all of humanity the middle of the table—as factor. The other is are not smarter, but their
education. Not all learning societal. By 14 or 15 years
pocket and they can get can stuff the clouds with soon as they do that, the approach to society
happens by itself. Half old, they’ve been taught
it whenever they want. information and we can table freaks out. This is is more accommodating
of learning needs that that they need teachers,
access it at a moment’s natural, because kids are and more integrated.
scaffolding and structure, Is there a downside to so they begin to believe it. We need to understand
notice, why should they very much into touch
and that’s what a school this? There was a famous But up to the age of 12 or 13 those qualities and bring
stuff their brains with it? computing. They come
provides. article written by Nicholas they don’t care if they have them to our children.
up to a computer screen
Carr in The Atlantic about Many technologies are and touch it. If it doesn’t a teacher or not. The strongly integrated
School-age children two years ago, titled
seem hardwired in a supposed to be useful for do anything, they think structures are there
“Is Google Making Us Do your ideas about
different way. They’ve Stupid?” Do you believe education, but were not it’s broken. So within two for a reason. We need
minimally invasive
been raised online. that’s the case? developed with education minutes, a machine worth education have each other to keep each
They’re bathed in tech- I’m not sure Google makes in mind. They were $15,000 was useless. So ramifications for child- other alive.
Primary education nology from morning developed for boardroom before something survives rearing? Should we
us dumber, anymore
can happen on its own, until night. How does presentations. What in a school, we need to throw away our Baby
or parts of it can happen that affect how we than the square root button
on a calculator makes us needs to change if we’re look at design. We need Mozart CDs?
on its own. It does not teach them? trying to retrofit what fault-tolerant technology One of the missing pieces
have to be imposed from Kids understand and dumber. I was one of the
unfortunate victims who has been designed for that can repair itself. in child-rearing is not tech-
the top downward. assimilate technology in the boardroom into the Childproof technology. nology at all. Tech is only
a very different way, that’s was able to work out the
square root of a number classroom? First off, we one part, but the other
true, but that doesn’t need to change the design part is that kids need to
necessarily mean they by hand. I can’t do it now.
What have I lost? process. Microsoft, for work in groups—so-called
TEDGlobal 2010
microsoft.com/games Fable II “Milo represents an ambitious project,
Peter Molyneux lionhead.com Fable presenting a virtual relationship that
Game changer suddenly seems very real. This isn’t any
Black & White old Tamagatchi. And that it’s still so
Dungeon Keeper early only encourages me.”
Theme Park —Christopher Grant, Joystiq
Populous
The head of Microsoft’s

Game geeks have been buzzing
about Project Natal for, seemingly,
ever—Microsoft’s now-in-dev-
European games division,

elopment gaming device that goes
the Wii one better by allowing
your whole body to become the
joystick, using touchless, visual-
Peter Molyneux is
recognition interface technology.
What kind of game will be played
on this immersive new equip-
building an astonishing
ment? Peter Molyneux is working
on one that redefines the whole
notion of “game”—Milo.
new “virtual friend”

Milo is a little boy (there’s also
to be a little girl, Millie) who
quite simply acts like a little boy,
who interacts with you.

learning your name, talking with
you, going on walks around the
lake. It’s an immersive, slightly
uncanny experience, as seen in
the single year-old demo that’s
still blowing minds on YouTube.
Molyneux himself is a game-

industry legend who has created
many titles. In 1997 he founded
Lionhead Studios, makers of Fable,
a role-playing game. Microsoft
bought Lionhead in 2006, and
will release the much-anticipated
Fable III in the fall.
What we’re doing is

very, very unique.
It’s very, very different.
TEDGlobal 2010 87
Joseph Nye hks.harvard.edu/about/ The Powers to Lead “Reading Nye’s writing on world politics
Diplomat faculty-staff-directory/joseph-nye The Paradox of American Power is like watching Joe DiMaggio play
center field or Yo-Yo Ma play the cello:
Soft Power: The Means to Success he makes the difficult look easy.”
in World Politics
—Robert O. Keohane, foreword,
“Smart Power.” New Perspectives Understanding International Conflicts,
Quarterly Spring 2009 7th edition
The former assistant

From the window of his living
room, Joseph Nye looks out on the
battle green in Lexington, Massa-
secretary of defense
chussetts. There, just before dawn
in April 1775, American minute-
men and British regulars squared
off, firing the first shots of the
and former dean of

American Revolution. It’s a perfect
locale for Nye, whose ideas on
how the struggle for power shapes
Harvard’s Kennedy
the lives of nations are required
reading for diplomats worldwide.
His views on the blending of hard
and soft power into what he calls
School of Government, smart power have relevance in the

day of non-state political forces
(like Al-Qaeda).
Joseph Nye oΩers Nye has done much writing on

how the age-old diplomatic meth-
odologies of hard power (military
sharp insights into the force and economic payments )

and soft power (persuasion and
attraction) have fused into smart
way nations take and

power and a cogent and usable
diplomacy. It’s the subject of
his newest work, The Future of
Power in the 21st Century, which
cede power. provides a pragmatic roadmap for

a country’s foreign policy to deal
with the challenges of a global
information age.
You can try to influence others

in three ways: through threats
and payments; that’s hard power.
Through persuasion and
attraction; that’s soft power.
Or you can combine the two;
that’s smart power.
TEDGlobal 2010 89
Emily Pilloton projecthdesign.org Design Revolution: “Design Revolution is easily the most
Humanitarian design activist 100 Products that Empower People exciting design publication to come
out this year.”
—Allan Chochinov, Core77
Founder of a nonprofit
As a young designer, Emily
Pilloton was frustrated by the
design world’s scarcity of
that develops design

meaningful work. Even environ-
mentally conscious design was
not enough. “At graduate school,
people were starting to talk more
solutions for some of the

about sustainability, but I felt it
lacked a human factor,” she said.
“Can we really call $5,000 bamboo
world’s most pressing

coffee tables sustainable?”
Convinced of the power of design

to change the world, at age 26
problems, Emily
Pilloton founded Project H to
help develop effective design
solutions for people who need it
Pilloton is author
most. Her book Design Revolution
features products like the Hippo
Water Roller, a rolling barrel
with handle that eases water
of the book Design transport; AdSpecs, adjustable

liquid-filled eyeglasses; and
Learning Landscapes, low-cost
Revolution, with more

playgrounds that mesh math
skills and phys-ical activity.
than 100 innovative

objects and systems
I’d love to say that I had
this grand business plan, designed to better
people’s lives.
but I didn’t.
All I knew was that
Project H had to be a
nonprofit rooted in action.
TEDGlobal 2010 91
Arthur Potts Dawson acornhouserestaurant.com Acorn House Cookbook “Doesn’t he sometimes envy those of his
Green chef waterhouserestaurant.co.uk contemporaries who went for the fame
and the cash, and don’t worry about
peoplessupermarket.org sourcing recyclable microfibre table
tops? He says: ‘I just want to serve food
that people want to eat, and show a way
forward for the restaurant industry, for
all industries. One day, everything I’ve
done will be worthwhile.’”
—Nick Curtis, Evening Standard
Arthur Potts
Which came first, epicure or
eco-warrior? For 23 years, Arthur
Potts Dawson has worked along-
Dawson wants us
side Britain’s most respected
chefs, including Hugh Fearnley-
Whittingstall and Jamie Oliver.
But his interest in food began
to take responsibility
during childhood, on a Dorset
farm. “There was never much
money around when I was grow-
not just for the food

ing up,” he says. “We learned
to turn lights off, put a jumper
on instead of the heating.”
we eat, but how we

This thrifty sensibility found
expression in his acclaimed
London restaurants Acorn House
shop for and even

and Water House, opened in
2006. From rooftop gardens to
low-energy refrigerators and
wormeries that turn food waste
dispose of it. And he’s into compost, these restaurants

prove the profitability of an eco-
friendly approach—and serve
showing the way—

as training grounds for the next
generation of green chefs.
Potts Dawson is now taking
with impeccable taste. his crusade to kitchen tables,

launching The People’s
Supermarket, a member-run
cooperative supporting British
farms, and cooking for Mrs
Paisley’s Lashings, a supper
club whose profits fund urban
Nature does not gardens in London schools.
create waste as such.
Everything in Nature
is used up in a closed,
continuous cycle,
with waste being the
end of the beginning.
TEDGlobal 2010 93
Johan Rockström stockholmresilience.org “A safe operating space for humanity” “Rockström has managed in an easy,
Sustainability expert Nature yet always scientifically based way, to
convey our dependence of the planet’s
resources, the risk of transgressing
planetary boundaries and what changes
are needed in order to allow humanity
to continue to develop.”
—Anna Ritter, Fokus magazine
If Earth is a self-
Johan Rockström is a leader of
a new approach to sustainability:
planetary boundaries. Working
regulating system,
with a team of 29 leading scien-
tists across disciplines, Rockström
and the Stockholm Resilience
Centre identified nine key Earth
it’s clear that human

processes or systems—and marked
the upper limit beyond which
each system could touch off
activity is capable
a major system crash. Climate
change is certainly in the mix—but
so are other human-made threats
such as ocean acidification, loss
of disrupting it. Johan of biodiversity, chemical pollution.
Rockström teaches natural
Rockström has led

resource management at Stock-
holm University, and is the
Executive Director of the Stock-
holm Environment Institute and
a team of scientists the Stockholm Resilience Centre.

He’s a leading voice on global
water, studying strategies to build
to define the nine Earth

resilience in water-scarce regions
of the world. Fokus magazine
named him “Swede of the Year”
in 2009 for his work on bridging
systems that need to the science of climate change

to policy and society.
be kept within bounds

for Earth to keep itself
We are fiddling with
the Earth’s capacity
in balance.
to regulate itself.
View Work
TEDGlobal 2010 95
Johan Rockström
Sustainability expert
The nine planetary About the compounds such as met- in corals and shellfish. Ocean converted land but also its
nine als, organic compounds and acidification is a boundary function, quality and spatial
boundaries planetary radionuclides represent a which, if transgressed, distribution.
boundaries key human-driven change to will involve large change
the planet. The additive and in marine ecosystems, and Nitrogen and phosphorus
synergic effects from these it is a good example of how inputs to the biosphere
compounds are potentially connected all the boundaries and oceans
Stratospheric ozone layer Human activities now con-
irreversible. Accumulation are, since atmospheric CO2
Climate change The stratospheric ozone vert more N2 from the
at sub-lethal levels can cause concentration is the control-
layer filters out ultraviolet atmosphere into reactive
a dramatic reduction of ling variable for both the
radiation from the sun. If forms than all of the Earth´s
marine mammal and bird climate and the ocean acidi-
this layer decreases, increas- terrestrial processes
Chemical pollution Ocean acidification populations, for example. fication boundary.
ing amounts of ultraviolet combined. Much of this new
Not yet quantified At present, we are unable
(UV) radiation will reach Freshwater consumption reactive nitrogen pollutes
to quantify this boundary;
ground and cause damage to and the global hydro- waterways and coastal zones
however, it is sufficiently
? terrestrial and marine biological cycle
well-defined to be on the list. or accumulates in the terres-
logical systems. Fortunately, Human pressure is now the trial biosphere. A significant
because of the actions taken Climate change driving force of change in fraction makes its way to the
as a result of the Montreal We have reached a point at global freshwater systems, sea, where it can push marine
Protocol, we appear to be on which the loss of summer including global-scale river and aquatic systems across
Atmospheric Stratospheric the path that will allow us topolar ice is almost certainly flow change and shifts in thresholds of their own.
aerosol loading ozone depletion stay within this boundary. irreversible. This is one vapor flows from land use
?
Not yet quantified
sharp threshold above which change. Water is becoming Atmospheric aerosol loading
Biodiversity Most clouds and aerosol
the Earth system could be scarce, and by 2050 about
The Millennium Ecosys- particles cool the planet by
driven into a much warmer, half a billion people are
tem Assessment of 2005 reflecting sunlight back to
greenhouse gas-rich state. likely to have moved into
concluded that changes in space, but some particles
The weakening of terrestrial the water-stressed category.
biodiversity due to human (such as soot) act like green-
carbon sinks, as through A water boundary related
activities were more rapid
Bioc
rainforest destruction, is an- to freshwater use has been house gases to warm the
in the past 50 years than
hem
other tipping point. Recent proposed to maintain planet. Aerosolized particles
Nitrogen
ic a
at any time in human his- cause roughly 800,000
cycle evidence suggests that the the overall resilience of the
l flo
tory. The drivers of change premature deaths each year
wb
Earth System, now passing Earth system.
ou
that cause biodiversity loss worldwide. It has not been
nd
Biodiversity 387 ppmv CO2 , has already
ar
loss are either steady, show no Land system change possible to set a threshold
y
Phosphorus
transgressed this planetary
evidence of declining, or are Forests, wetlands and other value at which global-scale
cycle boundary.
increasing in intensity. Fur- vegetation types are convert- effects will occur; but aero-
We are fiddling with ther research is needed to Ocean acidification ed primarily to agricultural sol loading is so central to
the Earth’s capacity determine whether a bound- Around a quarter of the CO land. This land-use change climate and human health
2
Change in land use Global freshwater use ary based on extinction rates humanity produces is dis- impacts biodiversity, water that it is included among
to regulate itself.
is sufficient, and whether solved in the oceans, where flows as well as carbon the boundaries.
there are reliable data to it forms carbonic acid. and other cycles. A major
support it. Increased acidity reduces challenge with setting a land —Sturle Hauge Simonsen,
Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2009
the amount of carbonate use-related boundary is to
Chemicals dispersion
ions, a building block for reflect not only the needed
Emissions of persistent toxic
shell and skeleton formation quantity of unconverted and
TEDGlobal 2010
Zainab Salbi womenforwomen.org The Other Side of War: “Most of all, Salbi’s organization gives
Activist and social entrepreneur wfwnotesfromthefield.wordpress.com Women’s Stories of Survival and Hope women a voice.”
huffingtonpost.com/zainab-salbi Hidden in Plain Sight: —Caroline Kennedy, Time magazine

Growing Up in the Shadow of Saddam
Iraqi-born Zainab
In her memoir Hidden in Plain
Sight: Growing Up in the Shadow
of Saddam, Zainab Salbi writes
Salbi founded and runs

of being raised in Saddam
Hussein’s inner circle—her father
was Saddam’s personal pilot.
She left Iraq for an arranged
Women for Women

marriage in the US, which quickly
became another form of tyranny.
But in 1993, when she heard of the
International, and has

rape and concentration camps
in Bosnia, she realized she could
no longer remain passive.
dedicated her life to

Salbi founded Women for Women
International to help women
who are victims of war in every
helping women in war-

way—from those who’ve been
physically harmed to those who
suffer from the poverty that war
and strife inevitably bring. WFWI
torn regions rebuild their provides economic and emotional

aid, job-skills training, and rights
education, empowering women
lives and communities.

to stop the cycle of violence and
create social change.
In her latest book, The Other

Side of War, she shares personal
stories of women’s experience
in conflict. As she writes: “War is
not a computer-generated missile
striking a digital map. War is the
color of earth as it explodes in our
faces, the sound of child plead-
ing, the smell of smoke and fear.
Women survivors of war are not
the single image portrayed on the
We hear much discussion
television screen, but the glue
about the front lines of war. that holds families and countries
We need to focus more together. Perhaps by understand-
attention on the back-line ing women, and the other side
delivery of peace. of war ... we will have more humil-
ity in our discussions of wars...
perhaps it is time to listen to
women’s side of history.”
TEDGlobal 2010 97
Laurie Santos yale.edu/caplab Journal articles: “Through a series of groundbreaking
Cognitive psychologist yale.edu/caplab/Main/ experiments, Santos has seen in her
Publications.html primates a humanlike propensity for
hoarding, larceny, and competitiveness.
By exploring the inner lives of primates,
she has offered persuasive evidence that
monkeys are capable of sophisticated
insight, complex reasoning, and calcu-
lated action.”
— Linda Marsa, Discover
Laurie Santos studies

Laurie Santos runs the Compar-
ative Cognition Laboratory
(CapLab) at Yale, where she and
primate psychology
collaborators across departments
(from psychology to primatology
to neurobiology) explore the
evolutionary origins of the human
and monkeynomics
mind by studying lemurs, capu-
chin monkeys and other primates.
I’m interested The twist: Santos looks not only
—testing problems in
in the smart things for positive humanlike traits,
that people do like tool-using and altruism, but
and also irrational ones, like biased
decisionmaking.
human psychology on
the dumb things
that people do. In elegant, carefully constructed
experiments, Santos and CapLab
primates, who (not so

have studied how primates under-
stand and categorize objects in
the physical world—for instance,
that monkeys understand an
surprisingly) have many object is still whole even when

part of it is obscured. Going
deeper, their experiments also
of the same predictable

search for clues that primates
possess a theory of mind—an
ability to think about what other
people think.
irrationalities we do. Most recently, the lab has been

looking at behaviors that were
once the province mainly of
novelists: jealousy, frustration,
judgment of others’ intentions,
poor economic choices. In one
experiment, Santos and her team
taught monkeys to use a form of
money, tradeable for food. When
certain foods became cheaper,
monkeys would, like humans,
overbuy. As we humans search
for clues to our own irrational
behaviors, Santos’ research
suggests that the source of our
genius for bad decisions might
be our monkey brains.
TEDGlobal 2010 99
Mallika Sarabhai mallikasarabhai.com Shakti: The Power of Women “She dazzles. Mallika Sarabhai is many
Dancer, actor, activist people at the same time and they all
vie for brilliance.”
—Shalini Seth, Taal
As the leader of
Mallika Sarabhai is a powerhouse
of communication and the arts
in India. Educated in business,
Darpana, Indian dancer

she now leads the Darpana dance
company, which works in the
Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi
forms. She’s also a writer,
Mallika Sarabhai
publisher, actor, producer, anchor-
woman ... and all her varied
forms of artistic engagement are
is a pioneer in using the

wrapped around a deep social
Art can get through, conscience.
where other things can’t.
In the mid-1980s, she spent five
arts for social change.

years playing the lead character
Draupadi in Peter Brook’s
Mahabharata in venues around
the world. Returning to India, she
entered a fertile period of chore-
ography and creativity, starting
with the dance Shakti: The Power
of Women. She has founded a TV
production company that produces
activist programming in Gujarati,
and runs Mapin, a publisher of
books on art and design.
In 2009, she made a run for the

Lok Sabha, the lower house
of the Indian parliament, cam-
paigning on a platform of social
responsibility, and focusing on
the problems of average people
in India regardless of caste or
language. She came third in her
district, Gandhinagar, in Gujarat,
India’s westernmost state, but she
has continued her campaign to
promote social justice there and
in the rest of India.
TEDGlobal 2010 101

Dimitar Sasselov origins.harvard.edu Stellar Pulsation “One of the central goals of the Harvard
Astronomer kepler.arc.nasa.gov Pulsating Stars initiative is to understand the different
ways that life might form, according to
Dimitar Sasselov. ... ‘There is no reason to
think that biology would be the same from
planet to planet, but physics and chemis-
try should be the same,’ Sasselov said.”
— Gareth Cook, Boston Globe
Dimitar Sasselov
Dimitar Sasselov is an astronomer
who explores the interaction
between light and matter. He stud-
works on uniting
ies, among other things, extrasolar
planets, and he’s a co-investigator
on NASA’s Kepler mission, which
is monitoring 100,000 stars in
the physical and

a three-year hunt for exoplanets—
including Jupiter-sized giants.
Sasselov watches for exoplanets
life sciences in the

by looking for transits, the act
of a planet passing across the face
of its star, dimming its light and
changing its chemical signature.
hunt for answers This simple, elegant way of

searching has led to a bounty
of newly discovered planets.
to the question Sasselov is the director of

Harvard’s Origins of Life Initiative,
a new interdisciplinary institute
of how life began. that joins biologists, chemists and

astronomers in searching for the
starting points of life on Earth
(and possibly elsewhere). What
is an astronomer doing looking for
the origins of life, a question more
often asked by biologists? Sasselov
suggests that planetary conditions
are the seedbed of life; knowing
the composition and conditions of
a planet will give us clues, perhaps,
as to how life might form there.
And as we discover new planets
that might host life, having a
We do not have working definition of life will help
a fundamental definition or us screen for possible new forms
understanding of life. of it. Other institute members
such as biologist George Church
Similarly, we do not
and chemist George Whitesides
understand life’s origins, work on the question from other
how life emerges angles, looking for (and building)
from chemistry. alternative biologies that might
fit conditions elsewhere in
the universe.
TEDGlobal 2010 103

Sebastian Seung hebb.mit.edu/people/seung Journal articles: “[Seung and his colleagues] will need to
Computational neuroscientist hebb.mit.edu/people/seung/ make their technique a million times
publications.html faster to finally bring larger maps—like
that of a cortical column—into the realm
of reality.”
—Emily Singer, Technology Review
Sebastian Seung
In the brain, neurons are con-
nected into a complex network.
Sebastian Seung and his lab at
is a leader in the new

MIT are inventing technologies
for identifying and describing
the connectome, the totality of
connections between the brain’s
field of connectomics,
neurons—think of it as the wiring
diagram of the brain. We possess
our entire genome at birth,
currently the hottest

but things like memories are not
“stored” in the genome; they
are acquired through life and
accumulated in the brain. Seung’s
space in neuroscience, hypothesis is that “we are our

connectome,” that the connections
among neurons is where memo-
which studies, in once-

ries and experiences get stored.
Seung and his collaborators,

including Winfried Denk at the
impossible detail, the

Max Planck Institute, are work-
ing on a plan to thin-slice a brain
(probably starting with a mouse
wiring of the brain.

brain) and trace, from slice to
slice, each neural pathway, expos-
ing the wiring diagram of the
brain and creating a powerful new
way to visualize the workings of
the mind.
They’re not the first to attempt

something like this—Sydney
Brenner won a Nobel for mapping
all the 7,000 connections in the
nervous system of a tiny worm,
C. elegans. But that took his team
a dozen years, and the worm
I am my connectome.
only had 302 nerve cells. One of
Seung’s breakthroughs is in using
advanced imagining and AI to
handle the crushing amount of
data that a mouse brain will yield
and turn it into richly visual maps
that show the passageways of
thought and sensation.
TEDGlobal 2010 105

Elif Shafak elifshafak.com The Flea Palace “Her characters spend their time
Novelist The Saint of Incipient Insanities popping out of categories.”
The Bastard of Istanbul —Andrew Finkel, Turkish Culture
The Forty Rules of Love
Elif Shafak explicitly

Elif Shafak is the most-read
female author in Turkey, where
she is as well known for her
defies definition—her
descriptions of backstreets Istan-
bul as she is for her global and
multicultural perspective. Her
writing is at once rooted in her pol-
writing blends East and

itically feminist education and her
deep respect for and knowledge
of Sufism and Ottoman culture.
West, feminism and

Using these paradoxes, she creates
a third way to understand Turkey’s
intricate history.
tradition, the local and

Shafak’s international sensibil-
ities have been shaped by a life
spent in a very diverse range of
the global, Sufism and

cities, including Ankara, Cologne,
Madrid, Amman and Boston.
She has written novels in Turkish
—such as her first work, Pinhan
rationalism, creating one (“The Sufi”) —as well as English,

including her most recent novel,
The Forty Rules of Love, in which
of today’s most unique

two powerful parallel narratives
take the reader from contempo-
rary Boston to thirteenth-century
Sufism makes you unlearn. Konya, where the Sufi poet
voices in literature.
It makes you “erase” Rumi encountered his spiritual
what you know and mentor, the whirling dervish
what you are so sure of. known as Shams.
Then you start thinking again.
Her uncommon political stances
Not with your mind this time,
have not gone without contro-
but with your heart. versy. At the publication of her
novel The Bastard of Istanbul,
which crosses two family his-
tories, one Turkish, the other
Armenian, she faced charges for
“insulting Turkishness.” The case
was later dismissed, and Shafak’s
role in the rare combination of
radical and sentimental writer
View Work
remains uninterrupted.
Shafak also writes song lyrics

for well-known rock musicians
in her country.
TEDGlobal 2010 107

Speakers Supplemental Excerpt
Elif Shafak Excerpt from The Forty Rules of Love
Novelist by Elif Shafak (Penguin Viking, 2010).
Reproduced with the author’s permission.
Rumi Bountiful is your life, full and It’s as if for years on end my family and friends see of the day, those who ask human needs and several
you compile a personal what I see? How could I this question are the ones defects, a simple woman,
complete. Or so you think, until dictionary. In it you give describe the indescribable? who won’t understand it, like countless others.
Konya, August 2, 1245
someone comes along and makes your definition of every Shams is my Sea of Mercy and as for those who do The emperor did not hide
concept that matters to you, and Grace. He is my Sun understand, they don’t ask
you realize what you have been such as “truth,” “happiness,” of Truth and Faith. I call such things.
his disappointment. “Are
you the one Majnun has
missing all this time. Like a mirror or “beauty.’ At every major him the Kong of Kings of The quandary I find myself been crazy about? Why, you
that reflects what is absent rather turning point in life, you Spirit. He is my fountain of in reminds me of the story look so ordinary. What is so
refer to this dictionary, life and my tall cypress tree,of Layla and Harun ar- special about you?”
than present, he shows you the hardly ever feeling the need majestic and evergreen. His Rashid, the famous Abbasid Layla broke into a smile.
void in your soul – the void you have to question its premises. companionship is like the emperor. Upon hearing “Yes I am Layla. But you are
Then one day a stranger fourth reading of the Qu’ran
resisted seeing. That person can be comes and snatches your – a journey that can only
that a Bedouin poet named not Majnun,” she answered.
Qays had fallen hopelessly
a lover, a friend, or a spiritual master. precious dictionary and be experienced from within in love with Layla and lost
You have to see me with
throws it away. but never grasped from the eyes of Majnun.
Sometimes it can be a child to look the outside.
his mind for her, and was Otherwise you could never
“All your definitions need therefore named Majnun –
after. What matters is to find the to be redefined,” he says. Unfortunately, most people the madman – the emperor
solve this mystery called
love.”
soul that will complete yours. All the “It’s time for you to unlearn make their evaluations became very curious about
How can I explain the
prophets have given the same advice: everything you know.” based on images and the woman who had caused
same mystery to my family,
And you, for some reason hearsay. To them Shams is such misery.
Find the one who will be your mirror! unbeknownst to your an eccentric dervish. They This Layla must be a very friends, or students?
How can I make them
For me that mirror is Shams of Tabriz. mind but obvious to your think he behaves bizarrely special creature, he thought.
understand that for them
and speaks blasphemy,
Sufism makes you unlearn. Until he came and forced me to look heart, instead of raising A woman far superior to all
that he is entirely unpredict- other women. Perhaps she is to grasp what is so special
objections or getting cross
It makes you “erase” deep into the crannies of my soul, with him, gladly comply. able and unreliable. To me, an enchantress unequaled in about Shams of Tabriz,
what you know and however, he is the epitome beauty and charm. they have to start looking
what you are so sure of. I had not faced the fundamental truth This is what Shams has
of Love that moves the at him with the eyes of
done to me. Our friendship
Then you start thinking again. about myself that though successful has taught me so much. whole universe, at times Excited, intrigued, he Majnun?
Not with your mind this time, played every trick in the
but with your heart. and prosperous outside, I was lonely But more than that, he retreating into the back- Is there a way to grasp
ground and holding every book to find a way to see what love means without
and unfulfilled inside. has taught me to unlearn
piece together, at times Layla with his own eyes. becoming a lover first?
everything I knew.
exploding in bursts. An Finally one day they
When you love someone Love cannot be explained.
encounter of this kind brought Layla to the
this much, you expect It can only be experienced.
happens once in a lifetime. emperor’s palace. When
everyone around you to Once in thirty-eight years. she took off her veil, Harun Love cannot be explained,
feel the same way, sharing ar-Rashid was disillusioned. yet it explains all.
your joy and euphoria. And Ever since Shams came
into our lives, people have Not that Layla was ugly,
when that doesn’t happen, crippled, or old. But she
you feel surprised, then been asking me what it is
in him that I find so special. wasn’t extraordinarily
offended and betrayed. attractive either. She was a
But there is no way I can
How could I possibly make answer them. At the end human being with ordinary
TEDGlobal 2010
Auret van Heerden fairlabor.org “The gold standard, I think, is the Fair
Labor-rights activist Labor Association. It leads the way ...
because its Secretariat is encouraged
and even mandated to cast a critical
eye on performance and to recommend
practical innovations.”
—John Ruggie, UN Special Representative
on Business and Human Rights
In a globalized
Raised in apartheid South Africa,
Auret van Heerden became
an activist early. As a student, he
marketplace, no single
agitated for workers’ rights and
co-wrote a book on trade unionism;
he was tortured and placed in
solitary confinement, then exiled
government can watch

in 1987. (Later, in post-apartheid
South Africa, he became labor
attaché to the South African mis-
over the rights and

sion to the UN.) For the past
decade he’s been the president and
CEO of the Fair Labor Association,
or FLA, an initiative that brings
dignity of everyday together companies, NGOs and

universities to develop and keep
up international labor standards
workers. At the head

in global supply chains.
Founded in 1999, the FLA grew

out of a task force convened by
of the Fair Labor President Clinton to investigate

and end child labor and other
sweatshop practices. Difficult
Association, Auret
The most powerful force enough in the US, protecting labor
is when consumers is even more complex in the global
demand social responsibility economy, with its multiple sets
of laws and layers of contractors
van Heerden takes

from labels.
and outsourcers. Policing the
entire chain is impossible, so the
FLA works instead to help all par-
a practical approach,
ties agree that protecting workers
is the best way to do business,
and agree on voluntary initiatives
persuading corporat-
to get there. Van Heerden and
FLA create a safe space in which
stakeholders representing differ-
ent interest groups within a global
ions and NGOs to

supply chain can work together
to resolve conflicts of rights and
interests, filling in the governance
protect labor in global

gap. Van Heerden’s newest initia-
tive: the Institute for Social and
Environmental Responsibility,
which will conduct research and
supply chains. convene multi-stakeholder forums

on corporate responsibility.
TEDGlobal 2010 109

Heribert Watzke research.nestle.com “Heribert Watzke is irrepressible. In
Food nanoscientist the midst of explaining some scientific
point, he can’t restrain himself from
springing over to his computer to
show a graphic animation of molecular
structures in cappuccino foam.”
—Nestlé Research Center
Heribert Watzke
Heribert Watzke set up the
department of food material sci-
ence at Nestlé in Switzerland,
studies the brain in

pulling together many disciplines,
including chemistry, nutrition
and neuroscience, in pursuit of
ever better foods. Watzke’s back-
our gut—and works

ground is in chemistry—in the
mid-’80s, he was part of a ground-
breaking team at Syracuse
to develop new kinds

working on splitting water into
hydrogen and oxygen to create
alternative energy—before
moving to materials science.
of food that will satisfy At Nestlé’s lab, Watzke focused

on the most basic form of human
our bodies and minds.

energy: the chemistry of food.
Research on food has previously
focused on its sensory qualities—
taste, aroma, texture. But there
is much more to know. How does
food’s biological structure deter-
mine its quality, its digestibility,
its nutritional qualities? What’s
the science of turning a biological
structure (for instance, a kernel
of grain) into something humans
can make into pure energy (for
instance, a slice of bread)? His
team has been looking recently at
the impact of food structure on
fat digestion, in support of the
fight against obesity. How much
fat is needed to feel full? And
how can we most effectively
Food happens here. communicate with the 100 mil-
(pointing a finger at his brain)
lion neurons in our gut?
View Work
TEDGlobal 2010 111

Heribert Watzke
Food nanoscientist
The
We think of our muscles as the main In our fixation on consciousness and brains generate our eating behaviour
place our bodies burn energy, but the higher brain functions, we forget and preferences in a complex interplay
the most energy-expensive organ in that we have a hidden, second brain, of stimulating and inhibiting signals.
brain the human body is actually the brain.

Each unit of brain tissue requires
directly interwoven in the tissues of
the gut. The gut contains in its layers
Interestingly, while the gut brain is quite
able to control the lower limit of energy
in around 22 times the amount of up to 100 million neurons and other intake (it sends our brains an unmiss-
metabolic energy as an equivalent unit nerve-cell types, forming microcircuits able signal when we’re hungry), it fails
of muscle tissue. The human body, and using neurotransmitters just as at the upper limit (why can’t it stop us
your though, made a trade-off when it

evolved a massive brain. It could only
in the central nervous system. The
main job of the gut brain is to initiate
from overeating?).
Our understanding of the gut brain—
gut. afford this metabolically expensive

tissue by reducing another expensive
one: the gut.
and control the breakdown of ingested
food, to control the absorption of
the nutritious parts while getting rid
and the brain-gut axis—is laying the
table for a second cooking revolution.
Physiology and nutrition, plus molec-
of the waste. It tightly controls the
Richard Wrangham, of Harvard, tells ular food science, will combine to work
movements of the gut. It senses
Heribert
us that we could afford to enlarge the on healthy and tasty foods that satisfy
the nutrient content of food, controls
hominid brain at the cost of gut size our sensory desires and our need
absorptions, and organizes the first
because we have learned to cook. for pleasure combined with the perfect
J.Watzke
defence against pathogens and aller-
The invention of cooking and farming digestive structures to communicate
gens with the immune system. (It also
allowed us to eat better-quality food and with our second brain. Such food would
makes the butterflies in our stomach
more efficiently feed our larger brains— support the gut brain in its efforts to
when we are stressed.) This hidden
which, then, helped us to increase regain its voice in the control of our
brain rules the 200m2 of “external”
Food happens here. our ingenuity in improving our food. hunger and appetites.
(pointing a finger at his brain) surface of the gut.
Meanwhile the gut got shorter, since
we had no need to spend a large amount The gut brain communicates with the
of energy on digesting raw food. central brain through the sympathicus
and para-sympathicus nervous system,
But what is the gut’s voice in this food
which also controls our inner states
race? Is the gut just a passive piece of
and our emotions. Together, our two
tubing for the flow of energy?
TEDGlobal 2010
Stefan Wolff stefanwolff.com Ethnic Conflict: A Global Perspective “Dr. Wolff is thorough, analytical
Ethnic conflicts scholar Ethnopolitical Encyclopaedia of Europe yet practical and humane in his
discussion of ethnic conflicts.”
Disputed Territories: The Transnational
Dynamics of Ethnic Conflict Settlement —ChicagoDiva, Amazon.com review
of Ethnic Conflict
The German Question since 1919
Managing and Settling Ethnic Conflicts
(with Ulrich Schneckener)
Stefan Wolff
German political scientist Stefan
Wolff is professor of international
security at the University of
studies contemporary
Birmingham, England, and one
of the world’s leading experts
on ethnic conflicts. He consults
with governments and interna-
conflicts, focusing
tional organizations on issues such
as the development and stability
of post-conflict areas, the insti-
on the prevention
tutional design of solutions for
self-determination conflicts, and
ethnopolitics and minority ques-
tions. Bridging the divide between
and settlement academia and policy-making,

he has been involved in various
phases of conflict settlement
of ethnic conflicts
processes in Sudan, Moldova, Sri
Lanka and Kosovo. He has also
worked on a wide range of conflicts
in places such as Northern Ireland,
and in postconflict the Balkans, Eastern Europe

and the former Soviet Union,
the Middle East and Asia. He is
reconstruction in
currently advising on the settle-
ment of the status of Kirkuk,
Iraq, and Transnistria, Moldova.
deeply divided and He’s written a dozen books,

including Ethnic Conflict: A Global
Perspective, the first major treat-
war-torn societies.
ment of the subject aimed at a
broad general audience. He’s the
founding editor of Ethnopolitics,
a quarterly, peer-reviewed journal
Minorities are part dedicated to the study of ethnic
conflicts and their management
of the cultural
around the globe.
heritage of Europe.
We would all lose out
if cultural diversity
didn’t survive.
TEDGlobal 2010 113

Conrad Wolfram conradwolfram.com “What he’s saying is that enough time is
Mathematician demonstrations.wolfram.com wasted in math classes on JUST calcula-
tion, that often the underlying concept
is lost anyway.”
— TremorX, YouTube
Conrad Wolfram
Conrad Wolfram is the strategic
director of Wolfram Research,
where his job, in a nutshell,
runs the worldwide arm

is understanding and finding
new uses for the Mathematica
technology. Wolfram is especially
passionate about finding uses
of Wolfram Research,
for Mathematica outside of pure
computation, using it as a devel-
opment platform for products that
the mathematical
help communicate big ideas. The
Demonstrations tool, for instance,
makes a compelling case for never
writing out another equation—
lab behind the cutting- instead displaying data in interac-

tive, graphical form.
edge knowledge
Wolfram’s work points up the
changing nature of math in the
past 30 years, as we’ve moved
from adding machines to calcula-
engine Wolfram Alpha. tors to sophisticated math soft-

ware, allowing us to achieve ever
more complex computational
feats. But, Wolfram says, many
schools are still focused on hand-
calculating; using automation,
such as a piece of software,
to do math is sometimes seen
as cheating. This keeps schools
from spending the time they
Successful technology need on the new tools of science
and mathematics. As they gain
is often about increasing
significance for everyday living,
separation of the he suggests, we need to learn
“how something is done” to take advantage of these tools
from the and learn to use them young.
“what you’re trying
to achieve.”
View Work
TEDGlobal 2010 115

Speakers Supplemental About these images A
Conrad Wolfram These two images were created in Wolfram Demonstrations by Professor Vitaliy Kaurov of the Parameters: a 0.53 b -0.506 c -0.402 d -0.434
Mathematician College of Staten Island, CUNY. They iterate the map attributed to Peter de Jong: Points: n 1,3000,000
xn +1 = sin(a π yn ) – cos(b π xn )
yn +1 = sin(c π xn ) – cos(d π yn ) B
The coordinates of a random point in the plane is substituted into the formula and evaluated; the result is fed back Parameters: a 0.368 b -0.394 c -0.362 d -0.804
into the formula and the process is iterated. Such repeated substitution (recursion or iteration) often produces Points: n 1,3000,000
points spreading overbeautiful structures called attractors. Thus a simple mathematical rule produces complex
visually esthetic images. Learn more about this equation at the Wolfram Demonstrations Project website:
demonstrations.wolfram.com/PeterDeJongAttractors/
Successful technology
is often about increasing
separation of the
“how something is done”
from the
“what you’re trying
to achieve.”
A B
TEDGlobal 2010
Sheryl WuDunn halftheskymovement.org Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into “Half the Sky is a passionate and
Women’s rights advocate Opportunity for Women Worldwide persuasive plea to all of us to
Thunder from the East: rise up and say ‘No more!’ to the
Portrait of a Rising Asia 17th-century abuses to girls and
women in the 21st-century world.”
China Wakes: The Struggle for the
Soul of a Rising Power —Tom Brokaw
As a journalist reporting
Sheryl WuDunn and her husband,
Nick Kristof, won a Pulitzer for
their New York Times coverage of
on China and develop-

the 1989 Tiananmen Square pro-
tests. Their joint reporting work
in China and other developing
nations convinced them both that,
ing nations, Sheryl

just as slavery was the moral issue
of the 19th century, sex trafficking,
gender-based violence and other
WuDunn realized that

abuses make women’s rights the
moral issue of the 21st.
In their book Half the Sky: Turning
the everyday oppression

Oppression into Opportunity
for Women Worldwide, WuDunn
and Kristof make the case for
of women around
empowering women as a means
of development. Women tend to
spend more on education, nutrit-
ion and business, the economic
the world is shockingly engines of growth in a community.

And if we can find ways to develop
the untapped potential of the mil-
underreported. She and

lions of women who are now left
uneducated, denied basic rights,
oppressed and threatened—we’ll
turn on a firehose of economic
husband Nick Kristof power that could transform the

developing world.
authored Half the Sky,

Certainly women often are the
victims, but in many ways,
the people who can fix
chronicling women’s
the problem are the very women
who have gone through
these challenges. ... It’s these
stories of horror and,
women who emerge as leaders
—they would be leaders
in any other place.
especially, hope.
TEDGlobal 2010 117

Ethan Zuckerman mediacloud.org “Ethan Zuckerman is up there with
Blogger, digital visionary cyber.law.harvard.edu Yo-Yo Ma among my heroic models
of global citizenship. His brainchild,
ethanzuckerman.com/blog Global Voices Online, is my model
globalvoicesonline.org of journalism transforming itself.”
—Christopher Lydon,
Open Source Radio
Ethan Zuckerman
Ethan Zuckerman is a senior
researcher at the Berkman Center
for Internet and Society at
studies how the world

Harvard University. His research
focuses on the distribution of
attention in mainstream and new
media, the use of technology for
—the whole world—

international development, and
the use of new media technolo-
gies by activists. He and his
uses new media to

team recently launched Media
Cloud, an open-source platform
My time in the developing for studying online media that
enables quantitative analysis of
share information and

world suggests to me
media attention.
that intelligence, creativity
and humor are evenly With Rebecca MacKinnon,
distributed throughout
moods across cultures,

Ethan co-founded international
the world. blogging community Global
Voices, sharing news and opinions
from citizen media in over 150
languages and platforms. nations, translating content from

over 30 languages, and publishing
editions in 20 languages. With
support from foundation funders
and media partners, Global
Voices supports dozens of smaller
citizen media projects in develop-
ing nations, and is a leading voice
for free speech online. In 2000,
Ethan founded Geekcorps, a tech-
nology volunteer corps that sends
IT specialists to work on projects
in developing nations, with a focus
on West Africa. Geekcorps sent
over 100 volunteers to projects
throughout the developing world,
working on projects that ranged
from bringing internet connectiv-
ity to Malian radio stations to
digitizing databases to manage
Rwanda’s Gacaca trials. In an ear-
lier life, Zuckerman was a founder
of Tripod.com. He’s a legendarily
dedicated blogger at ... My heart’s
in Accra
TEDGlobal 2010 119

Short Talks and Performances Last-minute
Eben Bayer David Bismark Mor Karbasi Lewis Pugh Chris Wild Matt Ridley
Green designer Voting system designer Singer-songwriter Coldwater swimmer Retronaut Rational optimist
Eben Bayer is co-inventor of David Bismark has co-developed Jerusalem-born Mor Karbasi’s songs Pushing his body through epic cold- Chris Wild believes that by changing British author Matt Ridley knows one
MycoBond, an organic (really—it’s an electronic voting system that are the product of a Middle Eastern water swims, Lewis Gordon Pugh has the way we think of time, we can open thing: Through history, the engine
based on mycelium, a living, growing contains a simple and reliable method melting pot. Her heritage is mixed front-crawled the seas of the world up its creative possibilities. He calls of human progress and prosperity
organism) adhesive that turns agri- of verification. One of the main Moroccan and Persian, and her wide- (in a Speedo) to help draw attention himself a “retronaut”, which he defines has been, and is, the mating of ideas.
waste into a foam-like material for objections to e-voting is that it’s diffi- ranging repertoire travels from tradi- to the consequences of climate change. as “someone who goes back in time The sophistication of the modern
packaging and insulation. MycoBond’s cult for each voter to know that her tional 15th-century Spanish/Jewish In 2007, he made the first long- using just perception”. To this end, world, he says, lies not in individual
technology uses a filamentous fungi to vote was recorded accurately and songs to her own Ladino compositions distance swim across the North Pole he has built a virtual time-machine. intelligence or imagination; it is
transform agricultural waste products counted correctly, while she remains (in addition to Ladino, which is —where rising temperatures had made It’s called the Retroscope, a piece of a collective enterprise. In his recent
into strong composite materials. Or, as anonymous. In the system designed the ancient language and music of the the ice temporarily disappear. At the software that uses millions of historic book The Rational Optimist, Rid-
CNN put it: “In non-scientific terms, by Bismark and his colleagues, each exiled Sephardic Jews of Spain, she end of May 2010 he swam 1 kilometer images, drawings, engravings and films, ley (whose previous works include
they grind up seed husks and glue the voter gets a takeaway slip that serves sings in Spanish, Hebrew and English), across Pumori, a meltwater lake overlaid on maps or organized into Genome and Nature via Nurture)
small pieces together with mushroom as a record of the vote, and allows to include Arabic melodies and scales situated next to the Khumbu Glacier 3D models, to create a map of England sweeps the entire arc of human history
root.” Their products include pack- elections to be independently verified. and a flavor of flamenco. That makes on Mount Everest, at an altitude (and, in due course, the world) so that to powerfully argue that “prosperity
aging and styrofoam substitute and the Apart from his work on voting sys- for a strongly personal sound, carried of 5300 meters, to draw attention to we can look at any place, and scroll comes from everybody working for
now-in-development Greensulate rigid tems, Bismark runs Recito Förlag, by a remarkable voice that can mix the melting of the Asian glaciers. He back in time, seeing that place change everybody else.” It is our habit of trade,
insulation board for builders. Both a publishing company in Sweden. effortlessly subtle intimacy and hard- completed the swim—the highest any over time. The Retroscope is due to idea-sharing and specialization that
products require less energy to create blog.bismark.se edged tones. She is working on her person has undertaken—in less than launch later this year online. Photos has created the collective brain which
than synthetics like foam, because second album, which will be released 23 minutes. “Glaciers are not just ice: come from museums and other collec- set human living standards on a ris-
they’re quite literally grown. Equally after this summer. they are a lifeline, they provide water tions, but individuals will also be able ing trend. This, he says, “holds out
compelling, at the end of their useful myspace.com/morkarbasi to 2 billion people, and we need to to contribute their own. hope that the human race will prosper
life, they can be home-composted protect them”, he says. www.howtobearetronaut.com mightily in the years ahead—because
or even used as garden mulch. www.lewispugh.com ideas are having sex with each other
www.ecovativedesign.com as never before.”
www.rationaloptimist.com
TEDGlobal 2010 121

Notes Notes Cards
TEDGlobal 2010
Notes Notes Cards
TEDGlobal 2010
Notes Notes Cards
TEDGlobal 2010
Notes Notes
TEDGlobal 2010 129

I love the fact that I deal not only
with bones and soft tissue but
also with human emotions.
Iain Hutchison
I’m interested in the smart things

that people do and also the
dumb things that people do.
Laurie Santos
TEDGlobal 2010 131

The difficulty with food is that
we’re always doing something
new, but it has to be the same.
Heribert Watzke
It’s profoundly important that

every single child leaves school
knowing how to cook 10 recipes
that will save their life.
Jamie Oliver
TEDGlobal 2010 133

Research shows that women are
better borrowers, because they
invest that money back into their
business and families.
Jessica Jackley
You get a sense here that you can

change things—that with energy
and commitment you really can
help make things better.
Mitchell Besser
TEDGlobal 2010
TEDGlobal 2010 135
135
Partners
TEDGlobal 2010 137

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Are things great because they’re great
or because they’re simple?
GE salutes the innovative thinkers

of TEDGlobal 2010.
T:10”
Because imagination is the one resource
that’s infinitely renewable.
We believe that innovations should make life much more easier, comfortable and sustainable. Great ideas don’t need to be
complex. We are always trying to simplify, to improve and to inspire people. That is why we are pushing innovative research
and development right from the start. That’s great? No, just simple!
GE is proud to sponsor TEDGlobal 2010, where great minds gather to make the world better.
See bar. Raise bar.
Find next bar. Repeat.
For over 40 years, Intel has moved society forward through technology.
In our expanding network of research labs, engineers and academics continue
to create the breakthroughs of tomorrow. Learn more at intel.com/inside.
ideas worth making
frog design has made a commitment to social innovation by focusing on projects that create a
meaningful impact in our world. The Reaction Housing System, shown here, provides dependable
shelter that can be quickly and easily deployed in time for small or large-scale emergencies.
We are proud to join TEDGlobal on its journey to craft the future.
Amsterdam Austin Milan Munich New York San Francisco Seattle Shanghai
www.frogdesign.com
INFORMATION THAT
POWERS THE WORLD.
In today’s environment, businesses and professionals require just
the right information at the right time. As the world’s leading source
of intelligent information, Thomson Reuters combines industry
expertise and innovative technology to deliver accurate, trusted,
must-have information. Information that provides you knowledge.
Knowledge that give you an edge.
KNOWLEDGE TO ACT
thomsonreuters.com
© Thomson Reuters 2010. All rights reserved. 47001172 0510

l
f
Do you speak
e
r
STUDIO DESIGNER: dudab

global?
r
DATE: 04.28.10
LIVE: N/A
r
BLEED: 8.25” x 5.5”

– The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, 2010 Results Report
t We are BT. A truly global networked IT services provider,
e WHEN YOU CHOOSE (RED), YOU BECOME PART OF A COLLECTIVE FORCE
with presence across the most challenging markets where
THAT HELPS SAVE LIVES IN AFRICA. ONE PURCHASE AT A TIME.
VERSION:
banks look to do business. Whether you’re looking for
SOME OF THE WORLD’S MOST ICONIC BRANDS, SUCH AS NIKE, GAP,
c new ways to explore customer interaction, or the latest
AMERICAN EXPRESS, APPLE, BUGABOO, DELL, EMPORIO ARMANI,
PUBLICATON: TED Global PRogram

PENGUIN CLASSICS AND STARBUCKS HAVE JOINED (RED). opinions on banking communications and technology,
JOB NUMBER: RE10BPMS01w

we’re ready to help you see things from a global perspective.
n TOGETHER, WE CAN MAKE HISTORY.
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Arup brings together a unique set of design, engineering and consulting

skills within an equally unusual organisation – we have promoted the
interlinking concepts of technical excellence, value for our clients and
humanitarianism since our foundation. One of our joys is working with
similarly creative counterparts, people who also seek out inspiration and
aim to inspire through their work.
www.driversofchange.com
© Roland Reinardy
Children at the Druk White Lotus School, Ladakh, Northern India
A PROUD MEMBER OF THE COMMUNITY A

TED_19-04-10.indd 1 21/04/2010 17:53
+
For helping build out TEDGlobal For every serious challenge facing the
world there is someone with a big idea
in three dimensions That big idea needs to be nurtured.

It needs to be explored and analyzed
+
in order to bring it to life. And design
is at the core of that innovation.
Our technology gives innovators the

ability to see how their ideas perform
and behave.To experience it before
it’s built. There isn’t a problem in the
For helping spread great ideas world that a great designer can’t solve.
through TED.com and TEDTalks
http://usa.autodesk.com/
IEC at TED To our partners at
www.iec.ch
Making worthwhile ideas work
together, safely, and reliably.
TEDGlobal 2010:
Thank you
for your generous support
of ideas worth spreading
Sincerely,
Making electrotechnology
The TED team
work for you.
Sponsor of
Providing International Standards to the world since 1906. during TEDGlobal
Email sponsors@ted.com about partnership opportunities.

q: What inspires you?
a: Things that I have a feeling
for in my head that I want to
whittle into shape.
Miwa Matreyek
Before too long we will see

the emergence of interactive
technologies that respond directly
to levels of engagement measured
by recording neural activity.
Tom Chatfield
TEDGlobal 2010 155

Nature does not create waste
as such. Everything in Nature
is used up in a closed,
continuous cycle,
with waste being the end
of the beginning.
Ammunition, medicine, Arthur Potts Dawson
photo paper, heart valves,

brakes, chewing gum,
porcelain, cosmetics, cigarettes,
conditioner, biodiesel.
Christien Meindertsma
TEDGlobal 2010 157

Intelligence, creativity and
humor are evenly distributed
throughout the world.
Ethan Zuckerman
Women and girls are a key force

in trying to end poverty and
fight terrorism.
Sheryl WuDunn
TEDGlobal 2010
TEDGlobal 2010 159
159
TED
#
TEDGlobal 2010 161

Getting the most our of TED
An insider’s guide 1
Clear your calendar.

2
Leave your laptop

3
Eat.
4
Don’t miss a thing.
to getting the most

No, really. To help you get in your room. Drink. Watch every session. Go to
the most out of TEDGlobal, And leave your mobile Sleep. every event. TED moments
we ask that you lend us your on mute. The speakers at TEDGlobal runs full throttle happen when you least
out of TEDGlobal.
brain. Ignore your email. TEDGlobal merit your for four days. You’ll enjoy expect them. It’s often the
Switch off your phone. full attention, and laptops it more if you pace yourself. unknown speakers who
Don’t schedule conference and mobiles are a big dis- Drink plenty of water, grab wow the crowd. Watching
calls. TED is an immersive traction—not just for you, light healthy snacks, go easy every session helps you avoid
experience, and you won’t but for everyone around you. on alcohol, and get as much disappointment, and ensures
want to miss a moment. To preserve an immersive sleep as is humanly possible. you take in each key moment
experience, we don’t allow as it happens. Social events,
mobiles or laptop use in the too, are there for a reason.
Oxford Playhouse’s theatre So resist the temptation
nor at TED University. to sneak back to your room,
and give yourself a complete
TEDGlobal experience.
5 6 7 8
Talk to strangers. Devour this Experience the exhibits Let us help you.
TEDGlobal is teeming program guide. and the tech demos. Our staff will do their best
with amazing people. Many Our schedule is so crammed, Check out the amazing to answer any questions
speakers stay for the entire we simply don’t have time things we have on show and solve any problems,
conference, and the attendees for long speaker introduct- in Oxford. from logistics queries to
are every bit as extraordi- ions. Absorb the program laptop breakdowns. On-site,
nary. Chance encounters guide when you pick it up, visit our concierge at the
at TED often lead to new take notes in it (that’s registration desk, located
ideas, projects, perspectives, why we left those blank at the Randolph Hotel,
companies … They’re as pages in the middle of the or ask anyone wearing a
essential to the experience book), and follow up on Staff badge.
as the stage program itself. the speakers who capture
your imagination.
9 10
Blog with us. Plan for next year.

Or …not. If you plan to blog, tweet or share photos, use And mark your calendars. The next TEDGlobal will take
these tags: #TED, TEDGlobal. But unless your name is place in Oxford July 11-15, 2011. TED2011 happens February
Ethan Zuckerman, do not feel obligated to liveblog from 28-March 4, 2011, and though Long Beach is sold out,
TEDGlobal. TED is best experienced in the moment TEDActive, the simulcast experience in Palm Springs,
(see Item 1). Please note: No video recording or flash may be available (as are Associate memberships to watch
photography during the main program in the Playhouse live at home). Also consider joining us at TEDWomen in
nor during TED U at Keble. Washington, DC, December 7-8, 2010. Find more infor-
mation on TED.com under “TED Conferences.”
TEDGlobal 2010 163

2010 Fellows
TED Get Involved 1 Mubarak Abdullahi 13 Su Kahumbu-Stephanou

Aircraft engineer Organic industry entrepreneur
Nigerian aircraft engineer who, at 24, built a homemade Kenyan entrepreneur promoting the development
helicopter out of car and motorbike parts of an organic food industry in Kenya
You can help the

Fellows TED Fellows in
six ways:
2 Walid Al-Saqaf
Anti-censorship activist
Yemeni programmer and founder of Yemen Portal and alkasir
—software that gives access to blocked websites
14 Teru Kuwayama
Crisis photographer
American photojournalist covering humanitarian crises
in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir and Iraq
3 DK Osseo-Asare 15 Richard Move

1
Grassroots architect Performance + media artist
Ghanaian-American architect and co-founder of DSGN American dancer, choreographer and filmmaker exploring
Mentoring a Fellow AGNC, an activist design think tank, and Low Design
Office, an architecture studio
the intersection of the human body and digital media
Meet the 2010 TEDGlobal Fellows. 2 4 Erika Bagnarelo 16 Dominic Muren

Filmmaker Open manufacturing evangelist
This globally diverse group of artists, entrepreneurs, Teaching at a TED Fellows event Costa Rican writer and director (her most-recent film tells Open-source fabrication advocate, product designer and
scientists, musicians, activists, doctors, researchers, film- the story of atomic bomb-survivors aboard Peace Boat) founder of The Humblefactory, a product-development
consultancy
makers and teachers will join us at TEDGlobal. They’ll 3
5 Eric Berlow 17 Guido Nunez-Mujica
enjoy a two-day pre-conference, where they’ll present Nominating an excellent candidate Ecological networks scientist Biotechnologist
their own work and receive exclusive communications American ecologist and entrepreneur researching Venezuelan writer and scientist working on LavaAmp,
networks and environmental sustainability a pocket-size thermal cycler for rapid PCR
training, and share in TEDGlobal’s powerful networking 4
opportunities during the conference. Donating to support the program 6 Milena Boniolo 18 Boniface Mwangi
Environmental chemist Photo-activist
Brazilian chemist developing methods to detect emerging Kenyan photojournalist and founder of Picha Mtaani,
What TED Fellows is all about. 5
contaminants in the environment a youth-led national reconciliation initiative in Kenya
The TED Fellows program helps world-changing Corporate underwriting
innovators from around the globe become part of the TED 7 Nina Dudnik 19 Olatunbosun Obayomi
community and, with its help, amplify the impact of their 6 Science facilitator Bio-energy inventor
American geneticist and CEO of Seeding Labs, providing Nigerian biotechnologist inventing new means of alternative
remarkable projects and activities. Fellows are drawn Contributing in-kind goods up-and-coming researchers with lab equipment and other energy production from organic waste
resources
from many disciplines that reflect the diversity of TED’s and services
members: technology, entertainment, design, the sciences, 8 Adital Ela 20 Iyeoka Ivie Okoawo
Sustainability designer Poet + recording artist
the humanities, the arts, NGOs, business and more. Israeli designer and artist incorporating indigenous Nigerian-American slam poet and singer currently
knowledge into sustainable design based in Boston
How it works.
Joseph Foster Ellis Veronica Reed
Candidates can apply or be nominated to attend a confer- 9
Sculptor
21
Architectural activist
ence in Long Beach or Oxford. We choose 20 people to American artist, living and working in China, whose work Ecuadorian architect working in sustainable design
bridges gaps between East and West and low-income housing
attend each conference as Fellows. In 2010, we’re choosing
20 from the previous year’s participants for the three- 10 Lope Gutiérrez-Ruiz 22 Camilo Rodriguez-Beltran
year TED Senior Fellows Program, bringing them to five Culture curator Arts + science collaborator
additional conferences. 9 Venezuelan editor, writer and co-founder of The Gopher Mexican scientist, filmmaker and gallery founder focusing
7 14 Illustrated magazine and the Plantanoverde Foundation, on human health, biodiversity and cross-cultural collaboration
23
11 5 15
16 8 a platform for emerging artists
22
To learn more about TED Fellows or to participate, visit 4
10 1/19/20
2
11 David Gurman 23 Roshini Thinakaran
17
ted.com/fellows or write to fellows@ted.com. 21
6
3 13/18 12 Installation artist Documentarian
San Francisco-based artist whose work makes invisible Founder of Women at the Forefront, a multimedia company
events (such as seismic data from nuclear testing) visible that examines the challenges faced by women living in
Read the TED Fellows blog: tedfellows.posterous.com conflict zones
12 Sanjana Hattotuwa
Citizen journalist
Sri Lankan human rights activist and founder of
Groundviews, a citizen-journalism initiative
TEDGlobal 2010 165

TEDx
Past TEDx Events Upcoming TEDx Events List current as of May 13, 2010
TEDx
Organize your
TED Event
View list of all
x = independently organized TED event. TEDx Events
In March 2009, we launched an ambitious program to
share the spirit of TED: TEDx, a program of local, self-
organized events that bring people together to share
a TED-like experience. TEDsters and TED friends
in cities around the world have asked us to hold a TED
conference in their hometown. Because our mission is
“ideas worth spreading,” we’re enthusiastic about people
independently organizing local events in the TED spirit.
Hundreds of TEDx events have already taken place,
in places as diverse as a town in Rajasthan and the room
of the European Parliament in Brussels. More info at
www.ted.com/tedx
Find a TEDx near you—or make one.

Upcoming TEDx events will be held in all corners of the
world—from Sydneyto Shanghai, from the Fiji Islands
to Qatar, from Cape Town to Geneva. The complete list
is available at http://on.ted.com/r
Or sign up to host your own TEDx event: licenses are
free (but you will need to commit to stick to a set of rules
and guidelines). Past TEDx have ranged in size from
a few dozens to over 1000 attendees. The program is
constantly evolving in response to feedback from hosts
and attendees. Learn more about hosting a TEDx event
in your community at www.ted.com/tedx
TEDGlobal 2010 167

TEDx
Past TEDx Events Upcoming TEDx Events List current as of May 13, 2010
TEDx
Algeria TEDxPortoAlegre Chile Finland TEDxPilani Japan Nigeria Rwanda TEDxMadrid Turkey TEDxNewAtlantians TEDxTLN TEDxCharlotte TEDxOLLIatDuke
TEDxElDjazaïr TEDxRJ TEDxLaFrontera TEDxHelsinki TEDxIITRoorkee TEDxTokyo TEDxGosmarklink TEDxKigali TEDxSantCugat TEDxBosphorus TEDxUSC TEDxGreenville TEDxChelsea TEDxOmaha
TEDxRioDeJaneiro TEDxPatagonia TEDxVuokatti TEDxNSIT TEDxMita Place delVallès TEDxReset TEDxePharm TEDxNYED TEDxChicago TEDxOrlando
Andorra TEDxSantos&Região TEDxFundacionChile TEDxAaltoUniversity TEDxVIT TEDxSeeds TEDxLagos Saudi Arabia TEDxSol TEDxIstanbul TEDxPalmBeach TEDxTriangleNC TEDxChumash TEDxPaloAlto
TEDxOrdino TEDxSantander TEDxArcos OnTracks TEDxFoothillsof TEDxTokyo TEDxAbuja TEDxKAUFCIT TEDxBursa TEDxDowntownSB TEDxBoise TEDxCincinnati TEDxPeachtree
Organize your
TEDxSudeste TEDxSantiago TEDxHelsinki Aravalli Entertain TEDxLagos TEDxYouthPY Sri Lanka TEDxInnovation TEDxNWC TEDxBrickell TEDxCincy TEDxPennQuarter
Argentina TEDxTombo TEDxUdeLaFrontera TEDxProAcademy TEDxMumbai TEDxRyukyu TEDxArabia@ TEDxColumbo TEDxIstanbul TEDxPaloAlto TEDxCambridge TEDxCLE TEDxPeoria
TEDxIndigo TEDxIndore TEDxOsaka Northern Ireland Aramco TEDxSilkRoad TEDxEastSacramento TEDxCornell TEDxColgate TEDxPhilly
TEDxRiodelaPlata Bulgaria China France TEDxASB TEDxTokyo TEDxBelfast TEDxArabia@ Sweden TEDxBoston TEDxNaperville TEDxColumbus TEDxPhoenix
TEDxBuenosAires TEDxBG TEDxDongWai TEDxParis TEDxMasala TEDxTokyoYZ Ebtikar TEDxStockholm Uganda TEDxHollywood TEDxNashville TEDxCreativeCoast TEDxPhoenixville
TED Event
TEDxMarDelPlata TEDxSofia TEDxShanghai TEDxEiffel TEDxAhmedabad TEDxYokohama Norway TEDxArabia@ TEDxGoeteborg TEDxKampala TEDxLouisville TEDxRIT TEDxCreative TEDxPlymouth
TEDxMendoza TEDxSYSU TEDxAlsace TEDxBhubaneswar TEDxYouth@Tokyo TEDxBergen KFUPM TEDxMalmoe TEDxKC TEDxConejoUSA ScienceSchool TEDxPortland
TEDxRiodelaPlata Cambodia TEDxPeditionBeijing TEDxBasqueCountry TEDxCalcutta TEDxBærum TEDxDhahran TEDxAlvik Ukraine TEDxSacramento TEDxLila Weekly TEDxPotomac
TEDxRosario TEDxPhnomPenh TEDxPeditionXi’an TEDxMediterranean TEDxChanakya Jordan TEDxFredensborg TEDxKAUST TEDxÄlvkarleby TEDxKyiv TEDxHomer TEDxSequoia TEDxDelMar TEDxPresidio
TEDxPedition TEDxParis TEDxCHD TEDxAmman TEDxNHH TEDxBaluba TEDxTC TEDxSMU@Nights TEDxDenverED TEDxQuinnitukqut
Armenia Canada Sichuan Universités TEDxOslo Serbia TEDxBotkyrka United Arab
TEDxChennai TEDxAsheville TEDxTeen TEDxDesMoines TEDxRainier
TEDxYerevan TEDxGTA TEDxPedition Kazakhstan TEDxBelgrade TEDxBromma Emirates
TEDxCochin TEDxAtlanta TEDxUIllinois TEDxDetroit TEDxRaleigh
TEDxRooftop HongKong Germany TEDxAlmaty Oman TEDxDjurgården TEDxMusic&
TEDxCoimbatore TEDxPalmBeach TEDxUT TEDxDirigo TEDxRedmond
Australia TEDxTerryTalks TEDxBeijing TEDxBerlin TEDxBuraimi Singapore TEDxEskilstuna Creativity
TEDxDelhi TEDxPugetSound TEDxBerkeley TEDxDistrict TEDxRDS
View list of all TEDxSydney TEDxTO TEDxEDU TEDxKreuzberg Kenya TEDxSentosa TEDxHumlegården TEDxDubai
x = independently organized TED event. TEDx Events TEDxEmeraldCity TEDxHamilton TEDxGuangzhou TEDxBavaria
TEDxHyderabad
TEDxISB
TEDxNairobi Pakistan TEDxMITClub TEDxHultsfred TEDxDunes TEDxEureka
TEDxEastern
TEDxCMU
TEDxFortLewis
TEDxDU
TEDxDumbo
TEDxReston
TEDxRochester
TEDxNSW TEDxErfurt TEDxKibera TEDxLahore Singapore TEDxDUCTAC
In March 2009, we launched an ambitious program to TEDxPerth
TEDxHalifax
TEDxMcGill
TEDxBNUZH
TEDxHamburg
TEDxJodhpur TEDxCUEA TEDxKinnaird TEDxGreen
TEDxKTH
TEDxLappis TEDxAsmara HighSchool College TEDxDwight TEDxRTP
TEDxSCAU TEDxKarnataka TEDxKids@SMU TEDxRIT TEDxEastHampton TEDxSanAntonio
share the spirit of TED: TEDx, a program of local, self- TEDxMelbourne TEDxVancouver TEDxKG TEDxMunich TEDxNairobi TEDxKarachi TEDxSingapore TEDxMariefred TEDxDubai
TEDxKids@Riverside TEDxSMU TEDxRutgers TEDxEastSacramento TEDxSanDiego
TEDxBrisbane TEDxELU TEDxGreatWall TEDxRheinNeckar TEDxAsean TEDxMyntet TEDxDUCTAC
organized events that bring people together to share TEDxKonkan Lebanon Palestine TEDxArt&ScienceLA TEDxSetonHall TEDxElliottBay TEDxSavannah
TEDxNedlands TEDxOttawa TEDxShanghai TEDxInnoVillageSP TEDxNorrmalm
TEDxKundapur TEDxGreenBeirut TEDxRamallah United Kingdom TEDxConnections TEDxBigApple TEDxFlint , TEDxSecondCity
TEDxDunedin TEDxWhistler Ghana TEDxNUS TEDxSSEm
a TED-like experience. TEDsters and TED friends TEDxCollinsSt TEDxUofC
TEDxWiserU
TEDxXiamen TEDxAccra
TEDxPatna TEDxSKE Thursdays TEDx TEDxLiverpool TEDxBlue TEDxMission TEDxFortMeyers TEDxSFED
TEDxPondicherry (weekly) Peru TEDxRegentsPark TEDxColumbus TEDxMonterey TEDxFullerton TEDxSimiValley
in cities around the world have asked us to hold a TED TEDxDarlingHarbour TEDxWaterloo TEDxYUE
Greater Antilles TEDxPSNACET TEDxTukuy
Slovak Republic
TEDxPrievidza
Surbrunnsgatan
TEDxThames TEDxDetroit TEDxND TEDxGaslight Library
TEDxByronBay TEDxYYC TEDxPune TEDxPuno TEDxUSEmbassy TEDxAlamo TEDxRioGrande TEDxGeorgiaTech TEDxSLO
conference in their hometown. Because our mission is TEDxCanberra TEDxYouthOttawa Colombia TEDxJamaica
TEDxShekhavati
Lithuania
TEDxKTU TEDxLima
TEDxBratislava Stockholm TEDxWarwick
TEDxNorthNJ TEDxSacramento TEDxGoldenTriangle TEDxSMF
TEDxDownUnder TEDxMTAU TEDxCeiba TEDxViggbyholm TEDxLeeds
“ideas worth spreading,” we’re enthusiastic about people TEDxGeelong TEDxEdmonton TEDxBogota Greece TEDxTankbund TEDxVDU TEDxTukuy Slovenia
TEDxGöteborg TEDxManchester TEDxPotomac TEDxSeattle TEDxGotham TEDxSMU
TEDxAthens TEDxYouth@ TEDxVilnius TEDxLjubljana TEDxNewcastle TEDxRPI TEDxTLN TEDxGrandValley TEDxSoMa
independently organizing local events in the TED spirit. TEDxMelbourne
TEDxSunshineCoast
TEDxCanmore TEDxCeiba
TEDxKifissia Bangelore Philippines TEDxMaribor TEDxHammar
TEDxNottingHill TEDxTLN TEDxUIUC TEDxGWIB TEDxStLouis
TEDxCarletonU TEDxMedellin TEDxYouth@Young Madagascar TEDxUP bySjöstad TEDxTriangleNC TEDxUofM TEDxHanRiver TEDxTampaBay
Hundreds of TEDx events have already taken place, TEDxSydney TEDxGuelphU
TEDxPlaton
TEDxKifissia Leadersof TEDxAntananarivo TEDxTechChange
TEDxLjubljana
TEDxAdria TEDxMälaren TEDxSheffield
TEDxEast TEDxUSC TEDxHISD TEDxTC
TEDxTasmania TEDxOntarioED Costa Rica TEDxNybroviken TEDxTuttle
in places as diverse as a town in Rajasthan and the room TEDxYouth TEDxComoxValley TEDxPuraVida TEDxAcademy Tomorrow
Malaysia
TEDxQuezonCity
TEDxManila TEDxÖrebro TEDxHoxtonSquare TEDxHonolulu TEDxCharlotte
TEDxCapital
TEDxHollywood TEDxTravel
TEDxThessaloniki South Africa TEDxLondon TEDxHuntsville TEDxHomer TEDxTreasureValley
of the European Parliament in Brussels. More info at @WheelersHill TEDxBanff TEDxPuraVida Indonesia TEDxKualaLumpur TEDxADMU TEDxÖresund TEDxDartmouth
TEDxCapetown TEDxEdge TEDxMidAtlantic TEDxHonokaa TEDxTulsa
TEDxUofC Hong Kong TEDxJakarta TEDxOtaku TEDxFortBonifacio TEDxJayz TEDxVästerås TEDxPhoenix TEDxLex TEDxHonolulu TEDxTucson
www.ted.com/tedx Austria TEDxCalgary Côte d’Ivoire
TEDxAbidjan TEDxSAR TEDxTemanggung TEDxMMU TEDxDavaoCity TEDxJoburgNorth
TEDxYouth@
Manchester TEDxRochester TEDxMemphis TEDxHouston TEDxUCRPalm
TEDxPannonia TEDxSelfDesign TEDxJakarta TEDxACE@BU Switzerland
TEDxSalzburg TEDxCausewayBay TEDxNationals TEDxEdinburgh TEDxTogether TEDxSB TEDxIndianapolis Desert
High TEDxPearlRiver TEDxBali TEDxOtaku Poland TEDxNewtown TEDxGeneva TEDxAnchorage TEDxWorld TEDxIslay TEDxUniPittsburgh
TEDxVienna Croatia TEDxBasel TEDxWarminster
TEDxBurlington TEDxZagreb TEDxYouth@ TEDxGreenJakarta TEDxWarsaw TEDxPretoria TEDxDestin BankGroup TEDxKC TEDxUNM
TEDxCanadian Mexico TEDxWulkan TEDxBern TEDxLondon
Find a TEDx near you—or make one. Azerbaijan TEDxZagreb HongKong TEDxThinkWeb TEDxWesternCape TEDxEuston TEDxNASA TEDxBU TEDxKids@DU TEDxUoU
Rockies TEDxDF TEDxKraków TEDxPortElizabeth TEDxHealthcare TEDxPittsburgh TEDxSF TEDxKids@SMU TEDxUPenn
TEDxBaki TEDxLimmat TEDxOrenda
Upcoming TEDx events will be held in all corners of the TEDxLoF
TEDxCanmore Czech Republic Hungary Iran TEDxDF TEDxPoznan TEDxJohannesburg
TEDxLuzern TEDxKent TEDxTamaya TEDxTacoma TEDxKIPPHouston TEDxUVM
TEDxConcordia TEDxPrague TEDxHVG TEDxKish TEDxLaguna TEDxWesternCape TEDxPeachtree TEDxEast TEDxLaguna TEDxWayneStateU
world—from Sydneyto Shanghai, from the Fiji Islands Bahamas TEDxConsecon TEDxBrno TEDxDanubia TEDxTehran TEDxMonterrey Portugal
TEDxYouthInspire TEDxTransmedia TEDxTeesside
TEDxWarwick TEDxSUU TEDxGallatin BlancaED TEDxWDC
TEDxGTA TEDxBalaton TEDxSanMiguelde TEDxEdges TEDxZug
to Qatar, from Cape Town to Geneva. The complete list TEDxNassau
TEDxGuelph
TEDxOstrava
TEDxBudapest Ireland Allende TEDxISTTagus
TEDxSoweto
TEDxGardenRoute TEDxZurich TEDxEWB TEDxTogether
TEDxUniPittsburgh
SeniorSymposium
TEDxLAMiracleMile
TEDxLansing
TEDxLBCC
TEDxWhartonClub
Atlanta
TEDxDublin TEDxO’Porto TEDxCardiff
is available at http://on.ted.com/r Bahrain TEDxIB@York
TEDxKids@TheHill
Denmark TEDxDanubia
TEDxPWCDublin
TEDxUniversia
TEDxAveiro
TEDxStellenbosch Syria TEDxCam TEDxUniversityCity TEDxNJLibraries TEDxLittleTokyoLA TEDxWindyCity
TEDxBahrainona TEDxArhus TEDxTableMountain TEDxNewSt TEDxSV TEDxABQ TEDxManhattan TEDxYale
TEDxLibrarians TEDxCopenhagen Iceland TEDxPricewater- Morocco TEDxCoimbra TEDxDamascus
Or sign up to host your own TEDx event: licenses are TEDxManama TEDxUKZN TEDxUoB TEDxSTL TEDxAguaDulce TEDxMarfa TEDxYouth@Cas-
TEDxRiffa TEDxManitoba TEDxKatrinebjerg TEDxReykjavik houseCoopersDublin TEDxMarrakesh TEDxEdges TEDxWinelands TEDxAtlanta TEDxAlbemarle TEDxMayanLA tilleja
TEDxSmurfit TEDxGuimarães Taiwan TEDxAldeburgh
free (but you will need to commit to stick to a set of rules TEDxMcGill
TEDxMontreal India TEDxLiffey Nepal TEDxJovem@Lisboa TEDxTaipei TEDxBirmingham TEDxFortGreene TEDxAmerican TEDxMIA TEDxYouth@Conejo
Bangladesh Dominican Republic South Korea TEDxKHLibrary Riviera TEDxMiami TEDxYouthLA
TEDxKathmandu TEDxBristol
and guidelines). Past TEDx have ranged in size from TEDxDhaka TEDxMontreal TEDxSantoDomingo TEDxNorthIndia TEDxWestCork TEDxJovem@Óbidos TEDxMyeongDong Tanzania TEDxEuston TEDxLAMiracleMile TEDxAnchorage TEDxMiddlebury TEDxYouth@Metro
QuartierLatin TEDxSantoDomingo TEDxBaroda TEDxGalway TEDxLisboa TEDxSeoul TEDxRMSEL TEDxArlington TEDxMidWest HighSchool
a few dozens to over 1000 attendees. The program is Belarus TEDxMontRoyal TEDxAhmedabad TEDxKids@ Netherlands (The)
TEDxSookmyung
TEDxDar TEDxLondon
TEDxSoMa TEDxAsheville TEDxMillCity TEDxYouth@NASA
TEDxMinsk TEDxNorthShore TEDxChennai WestCork TEDxTheHague Qatar TEDxMachynlleth
constantly evolving in response to feedback from hosts TEDxOakville
Ecuador
TEDxGuayaquil TEDxASB TEDxTeens@ TEDxAmsterdam TEDxQA
TEDxYonsei Thailand TEDxSheffield TEDxBD TEDxAtlanta TEDxMITLL TEDxYouth@
TEDxAmsterdam TEDxBundang TEDxBangkokED TEDxShoreditch TEDxSeattleU TEDxAustin TEDxMontecito Odyssey
and attendees. Learn more about hosting a TEDx event Belgium
TEDxFlanders
TEDxPerthCounty TEDxMEC WestCork
TEDxCreativeValley Romania TEDxKwangwoon TEDxBKK TEDxTuttle TEDxIMF TEDxBaltimore TEDxNaples TEDxYSE
TEDxQuebec Egypt TEDxCSIMHyd TEDxUCC TEDxDaejeon TEDxWells TEDxMarin TEDxBattleCreek TEDxNASA
in your community at www.ted.com/tedx TEDxBrussels TEDxQueensU TEDxNile TEDxShekhavati TEDxEutropolis TEDxBucuresti
TEDxHongik TEDxBangkokED
TEDxTW
TEDxRinglingCollege TEDxBDWCU TEDxNCSU Uruguay
TEDxFODSPF TEDxSaanich TEDxCairo TEDxDeccan Israel TEDxMaastricht TEDxTimisoara TEDxWarminster
TEDxRotterdam TEDxBucharest TEDxKoreaUniv TEDxKrungthep TEDxTampaBay TEDxBerkeley TEDxNewEngland TEDxMontevideo
TEDxFlanders Peninsula TEDxGiza TEDxBITSGoa TEDxTelAviv TEDxSungKyunKwan
TEDxHolyLand TEDxYouth@ TEDxBanat TEDxPositive United States TEDxTeachers TEDxBerkshires TEDxNewJerseyED
TEDxSaskatoon TEDxDAVIET TEDxYonsei Psychology TEDxTinselTown TEDxBloomington TEDxNewTrierHigh US Virgin Islands
Bolivia Estonia TEDxASB TEDxTalpiot Amsterdam TEDxBucharest TEDxTogether
TEDxSechelt TEDxSchool TEDxUF TEDxBN TEDxNewWallStreet TEDxStThomasVI
TEDxSansFrontieres TEDxTallinn TEDxHills TEDxCluj TEDxPHX
TEDxSFU Spain oftheFuture TEDxWindyCity TEDxBoston TEDxNewYork Blog
TEDxTartu TEDxHiTechCity Italy New Zealand TEDxIasi TEDxSF
TEDxToronto TEDxAuckland TEDxMadrid TEDxRIT TEDxBoulder Every Tuesday Venezuela
Bosnia & TEDxBalticSea TEDxVelammal TEDxLakeComo TEDxYouth@ TEDxOmaha
TEDxUBC TEDxDunedin TEDxArkitects Tunisia TEDxAshoka TEDxBrooklyn TEDxNextGeneration TEDxCaracas
Herzegovina TEDxTallinn TEDxGurgaon TEDxLakeComo Bucharest TEDxCambridgeMA
TEDxUdeS TEDxAuckland TEDxBarcelona TEDxSousse University TEDxCaltech Asheville
TEDxSarajevo TEDxTartu TEDxKanpur TEDxLombardia TEDxSeattle
TEDxVancouver TEDxDeloitAuckland TEDxCanarias TEDxTunis TEDxAustin TEDxCambridge TEDxNorthwestern
TEDxCalcutta TEDxMilano Russia TEDxNewYork
Brazil TEDxVictoria TEDxYouth@ TEDxMoscow TEDxBarcelona TEDxCLE TEDxCascadia TEDxNoVA
Fiji Islands TEDxBangalore TEDxTorino Tuesdays (weekly)
TEDxSaoPaulo TEDxWaterloo Wellington TEDxPerm TEDxBilbao Trinidad and Tobago TEDxHuntsville TEDxChamplain TEDxOakHills
TEDxFiji TEDxIITKGP TEDxNWC
TEDxVilaMadá TEDxWinnipeg TEDxCanarias TEDxUWI TEDxManhattan College TEDxOaktown
TEDxNirmaU TEDxEastSide
TEDxAmazon TEDxYorkU TEDxJarama Beach TEDxCharlesRiver TEDxOKC
TEDxFGV TEDxYUL
TEDGlobal 2010
TED Translation Photo: TED / Michael Brands
Open
Afrikaans Education is a life mission that could change something to promote peace and
Albanian
1 Arabic for me, through which my in their lives. I translate for prosperity in my country
Assamese country Sudan, my continent, my daughter, your daughter also, complementing
Translation
Basque
Bengali Africa, and the whole world and every kid and for the the efforts of my friend
Bislama can flourish. coming generations. I hope Emmanuel Jal who has done
Bosnian
Bulgarian they’ll one day benefit a little good steps that will change
Project
Catalan I translate for the millions from my translations. people’s perception about
Chinese (Simplified) of Arabic language speakers our Sudan—even among
Chinese (Traditional) 1
Croatian (spoken by more than 280 Participating in the trans- Sudanese themselves.
Czech
Danish
Anwar Dafa-Alla million people as a first lation project is good method The message of peace and
Dutch language). I translate because to show how compassionate love, that we’re one people,
Esperanto it’s a way to promote mutual we are toward each other, one nation, unlike what
The launch of TED’s Open Translation Project in May Estonian
Finnish
Why do you respect between different given that Arabic speakers politics suggest. So, through
2009 marked a bold effort to make TEDTalks globally
accessible, both to the non-English-speaking world and
French (Canada)
French (France)
translate? cultures, people, religions, are from different religious translation I can change a
Galician etc. Translation is a way and cultural backgrounds. little bit as well.
the hearing impaired. Every talk on TED.com is now Georgian to exchange ideas among
subtitled and supplemented by a time-coded, interactive German
Being from a country like
Greek us as humans.
transcript in multiple languages. The transcript allows Gujarati Sudan, 7,000 years old, and
users to click on any phrase and jump directly to that Hausa
I also translate for my the first civilization that
Hebrew
point in the video, as well as making the talk’s content Hindi friends; I think it’s a good gift built pyramids, I translate
indexable on search engines. Hungarian
Icelandic
To go beyond English, volunteer translators from around Indonesian
Italian
the world came together to create and review each other’s Japanese
translations. At launch, more than 300 translations had Kannada
I have an insatiable need very interesting, and I was ideologies, frameworks
Khmer, Central (Cambodian)
been completed, in more than 40 languages, from Arabic Kirghiz (Kyrgyz) to share ideas that I find amazed at how well it was and communities.
to Vietnamese, Finnish to Swahili. After the project was Korean
fascinating, and sometimes constructed and delivered.
Latvian
announced, volunteer response from the TED community Lithuanian this involves expressing I watched several others, What are your
has continued to be overwhelmingly enthusiastic, with Macedonian
them in another language. and kept coming back ever favorite talks?
Malay
more than 100 requests to translate or review translations Maltese I started translating for TED since. I have little patience There are many talks that
coming in each day from around the world. We celebra- Marathi
because I desired to share for old and tested solutions, I love, but if I were to pick,
Mongolian
ted the one-year anniversary of the project in May— Norwegian ideas that I found fascinating, interpretations, ideas I would choose Aimee
2
with 7,000 translated TEDTalks from 4,000 volunteers Persian (Farsi)
and to use my Polish or approaches, whenever Mullins’ talks for the way
working in 75 languages (including the two interviewed 2 Polish
Portuguese (Brazil) Krystian Aparta translations to make these I see a way to innovate and they allow us to let go of
on the opposite page). For more info or if you Portuguese (Portugal)
new ideas an incorruptible replace them with something prejudice, and Eva Vertes’
Romanian
are interested in becoming a TED translator visit fixture in a culture that new that works better. talk for the way she shows
ted.com/OpenTranslationProject
Romanian, Macedo (Aromanian)
Russian Why do you may very often be considered You can see how TED’s how being naïve tramples
The explosion of translation also allowed TED.com to
Serbian
Serbo-Croatian translate? not very progressive, and talks feed into that. I am qualifications and other
jump-start our newest initative, the TED Open TV Project.
Slovak
pretty repressive. happy to see this collection extraneous prejudgments
Slovenian
Launched in May 2010 as this guide went to press, the Spanish of new ideas gathered and labeled onto one’s knowledge
Open TV Project will allow broadcast television stations
Swahili What drew you to TED? distributed for free. To and insight. I am also a fan
Swedish
around the world to share TEDTalks with their viewers. Tagalog I came across Jill Bolte me, these talks represent of Pranav Mistry’s inventions,
For more information, visit ted.com/tv
Tamil Taylor’s talk by accident, a repository of undeniable and I can’t wait to finally see
Telugu
Thai while researching something potential for progress, and that flying toaster he’s likely
Turkish for an unrelated translation the potential to make waves been working on.
Ukrainian
Urdu project. I found the talk in stale or repressive minds,
Uzbek
Vietnamese
TEDGlobal 2010 169

TED Prize
TED Prize Previous Winners

05-07
Previous Winners
08-09
Robert Fischell, 2005 Dave Eggers, 2009
Wish project: Develop and design a next- Wish project: Once Upon a School,
generation migraine treatment. promoting volunteerism in local schools.
onceuponaschool.org
Bono, 2005 Karen Armstrong, 2008

Wish project: Help one million people fight Wish project: The Charter for Compassion,
global poverty. a document to share among world religions.
one.org charterforcompassion.com
What is the TED Prize? How are the winners chosen?
The TED Prize was initiated in 2005 by the TED In the spring of each year, we began soliciting nominations Neil Turok, 2008
community. Remarkable individuals are honored Edward Burtynsky, 2005 from the TED community—including our massive online Wish project: NextEinstein, supporting math
Wish project: Raise environmental awareness and science students in Africa.
each year; each winner has shown that he or she can, among kids. community. We appoint a team of official Nominators nexteinstein.org
in some way, positively impact life on this planet. meetthegreens.org2006 covering the areas of science, technology, business, design,
We search for inventors and entrepreneurs, designers the arts, entertainment and social entrepreneurship. Jill Tarter, 2009
and artists, visionaries and mavericks, protectors and Larry Brilliant, 2006
The Nominators are asked to find people whose work
Wish project: Open-sourcing the search for
Wish project: InSTEDD, an early-warning extraterrestrial intelligence.
persuaders. The goal is to find winners who can catalyze system for global disaster and pandemic. is capable of transcending boundaries and making a setiquest.org
the TED community to do something remarkable. instedd.org
significant impact on our shared future. A panel of judges
selects the winners. PANTONE
DS 221-5U
Sylvia Earle, 2009
CMYK
65, 20, 0, 0
Wish project: Build support for creating
What do the winners receive? Jehane Noujaim, 2006 marine protected areas—or “hope spots.”
Wish project: Pangea Day, a worldwide mission-blue.org
Winners of the TED Prize are granted an extraordinary
PANTONE PANTONE PANTONE
DS 221-6U DS 221-5U DS 221-4U
film festival.
How are their wishes granted? CMYK
50, 15, 0, 0
CMYK
65, 20, 0, 0
CMYK
80, 25, 0, 0
opportunity: One Wish to Change the World. They may pangeaday.org

We obviously can’t outright guarantee to make any José Antonio Abreu, 2009
wish for anything. We tell them: “No Restrictions. Think imaginable wish come true, but we throw plenty of energy Wish project: Share a recolutionary music
Big. Be Creative.” Read about the previous winners on the toward each wish, helping link ideas and resources. The
education system with kids around the world.
Cameron Sinclair, 2006 elsistemaUSA.org
opposite page, and the 2010 winner on the next spread. Wish project: Open Architecture Network,
prize was created from the belief that when the TED
sharing open-source building plans.
It is then up to the TED community to make the wishes openarchitecturenetwork.org community gets inspired, remarkable things may happen—
come true. Each winner receives $100,000 to spend bringing together ideas and passions that are big enough
any way they choose, and passes to TED for the next to change the world.
three years. And last, but certainly not least, they receive Bill Clinton, 2007
Wish project: Help the Clinton Global
a stunning sculpture created by artist Tom Shannon. Foundation build out health care in Rwanda.
EO Wilson, 2007
Wish project: The Encyclopedia of Life,
collecting knowledge of all life on Earth.
eol.org
James Nachtwey, 2007

Wish project: XDRTB.org, raising awareness
of a new, killer strain of TB.
xdrtb.org
TEDGlobal 2010 171

TED Prize More
There are many ways to get involved in these wishes, including
PR and marketing, film production, event production, web
development, media space, server space, connections and funding.
Visit TEDPrize.org to learn more and offer your support.
TED Prize
2010 Winner
Jamie Oliver is transforming

the way we feed ourselves,
and our children.
Since you made How was your TV show regular folks have been It’s a similar story in the the kids. In the UK, teens
your wish at TED2010, Jamie’s Food Revolution showing their support at schools — both countries are loving their cooking
what’s happened? received in the US? the Revolution website need more funding, good lessons that they are getting
It’s been incredible really. I’m really proud of the and Facebook page. equipment and proper in schools now. I am hoping
Thanks to TED, we’ve put show, and I think it really training for the cooks. Our that will come to America
together a really smart lot connected with Americans. In comparing your US kids barely have enough soon, too.
of creative types to lead the More than 48 million and UK initiatives, have time to eat and aren’t even
grassroots movement that people watched it, and we the challenges been taught to use silverware If everyone in the
is going to teach America to had the largest debut of an similar with parents, (that doesn’t happen in the TEDGlobal audience
cook and ultimately change ABC primetime show since schools and government? UK). You’re serving sugar- was to do just one
what they eat. We’re putting 2006. We’ve gotten more It’s funny. It’s the same story loaded flavored milk and thing to support the
the final plan together in than 590,000 signatures over and over no matter letting kids choose french food revolution, what
the next couple of weeks, for our petition for change, which country you’re in. fries and hamburgers every would it be?
and have already gotten the raised some money, and When you lose the cooking day instead of forcing them Easy. Get cooking.
money to get at least one we’ve created a newsletter skills at home, you are to try new things. Change At least once a week.
food truck on the road by and a Twitter campaign. forced into bad choices of needs to happen on many From fresh food.
TED2011. Celebrities and lots of processed and fast food. fronts, but I am betting on
TEDGlobal 2010 173

Oxford
TEDGlobal 2010 175

Oxford Guide Great books about Oxford A few Oxford mysteries
Brideshead Revisited Alice in Wonderland Jill Gaudy Night
Evelyn Waugh Lewis Caroll Philip Larkin Dorothy Sayers
Isolarion: A Different Oxford Journey Oxford To Say Nothing of the Dog Oxford Blood
James Attlee Jan Morris Connie Willis Antonia Fraser
Zuleika Dobson Lyra’s Oxford An Instance of the Fingerpost
Max Beerbohm Philip Pullman Iain Pears
Colin Dexter’s Inspector Morse series
TED’s
A bit of history The University Others: Museums Once you’ve had your fill
Although Julius Caesar’s Roman troops did not build a town Oxford is a collegiate + Magdalen (pronounced The Ashmolean Museum, of dreaming spires, walk
at Oxford, signs of Roman settlement have been excavated university, made up of 38 maudlin), over half a millen- across from the Oxford down the Cowley Road
Mini-Guide
north of the city. Roman occupation ended in the early fifth colleges and six permanent nium old, and recognised for Playhouse, holds signifi- from Magdalen Bridge east
centuries with the Saxon invasion. By the Norman Conquest, halls of residence that form its iconic tower built in 1505. cant collections of art and to feel the pulse of raw,
Oxford was among the largest towns in England, with about small, self-governing aca- archaeology, including works vibrant, multicultural Britain.
to Oxford
a thousand houses. demic communities. Four + Christ Church, one of the by Michelangelo, Leonardo It’s home to a mix of races
main academic divisions largest colleges, containing da Vinci, Turner and Picasso. and religions, strung with
During the late 11th century, Oxford became a centre organize the various depart- the Cathedral Church for the halal butchers and herbalists,
for training clerics. There’s no firm date of the University’s ments, faculties, libraries Diocese of Oxford. The Museum of Natural flotation centres and fish-
foundation, but we know that teaching existed at Oxford and study centres at the heart History on Parks Road is a mongers, pubs and mosques.
in some form in 1096, and it ballooned after 1167, the year + Worcester College, cathedral to science; inside
of the institution’s life.
Dreaming spires and emerald when Henry II banned English students from attending whose dour exterior belies its neo-Gothic building are
quads, ancient libraries and the University of Paris. By the 13th century Oxford Students are admitted its charming quad and
gardens and a row of medi-
the Oxfordshire dinosaurs
was drawing students from all across Europe to houses run directly to a particular and the most complete
academic rituals number among by the Dominicans (1221), Franciscans (1224), Carmelites college (rather than “to eval cottages. remains of a dodo anywhere.
Oxford’s idiosyncratic charms. (1256) and Augustinians (1267). The first of Oxford’s colleges Oxford”). They sleep, eat and
Academic divisions
“I wonder anybody does began as halls of residence; University, Balliol and Merton socialize at their college, and
The soul of the research and
Next to the MNH is the
Pitt Rivers Museum
Colleges, established between 1249 and 1264, are the oldest. their core education happens
anything at Oxford but dream here, via the tutorial system,
graduate teaching agenda of archaeological and
and remember, the place is Having forced the University to accept his divorce from in which each student works
of the University are its
academic divisions. There are
anthropological collections:
so beautiful,” wrote Yeats. Catherine of Aragon in 1530, Henry VIII closed the
abbey, the priory and the friaries in Oxford, and instituted
with an expert in his or her
four — humanities, medical
clothes, masks, sculpture,
weapons and pottery jam-
field one-on-one or in a small
“One almost expects the people chairs for medicine, civil law, Greek, theology and Hebrew. group. Students also take
science, social science packed in display cabinets.
to sing instead of speaking.” His daughter Mary tried to undo the changes, and laid classes around the university,
and maths, physics and life
science — each with its own The Museum of the History
on a few burnings-at-stake. But the University had been but the tutorial is the heart
firmly secularized. schools and departments of Science on Broad Street
of an Oxford education.
around the city. Examples hosts 10,000 artifacts from
Today, Oxford’s main industry is making cars and car parts Most Oxford colleges can are the Said Business School antiquity to the early 20th
—and books. Its population of over 150,000 is notable for be visited; look for the Open next to the station and the century.
its ethnic diversity and for the fact that some 25 percent signs at the porter’s lodge or Ruskin School of Fine Art
is students from all corners of the globe. Around 10 million on the High Street. Most are The Bodleian Library, a
check the web. A short walk
visitors descend upon the city each year. invisible amid the grandeur monumental dome at the
down Broad Street, taking
of Oxford, but they are the end of Broad Street, has since
a right at the Bodleian and
academic powerhouses of 1610 logged a copy of every
heading to Radcliffe Square,
book published in England:
then looping all the way back the university. The academic
divisions are not accessible to over 8 million volumes on 117
along Brasenose Lane and
visitors, but most have robust miles of shelving.
up Turl Street in a full circle
takes you past eight of the websites (linked from Oxford
most famous colleges: Balliol, University’s homepage) that
Trinity, Wadham, Hertford, share their research.
Brasenose, Lincoln, Jesus
and Exeter.
Text adapted from Globalista:

globalista.co.uk
TEDGlobal 2010 177

Map Wayfinding Venues
A To Railway Station G Oxford Castle 1 Oxford Playhouse
B Gloucester Green/Bus Station H To Cherwell Boathouse (punting) 2 Randolph Hotel
C Market place I St. Cross College 3 Ashmolean Museum
D Sheldonian Theatre J Worcester College 4 Keble College
E Bodleian Library 5 Malmaison Hotel
F Clarendon Shopping Center 6 Old Bank Hotel
TEAR MAP ALONG DOTTED LINE TO TAKE WITH YOU AS YOU EXPLORE OXFORD
TEDGlobal KE B
LE
RD
H
Venues
1
WO O
Oxford
Playhouse
DST
I 4
O CK
BANB URY RD
RD
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2
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Randolph Hotel LA
L EC
L IT T
NT D
S CE SR
Conference Sessions and Social Events C RE PAR
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ON RD
Oxford Playhouse (main program), Beaumont Street ALT UM UTH
W TH SE SO
FO OTPA MU
t. 0186 530 5305
3
Randolph Hotel (social spaces/simulcast); Beaumont Street FOOTPATH STARTS ADJACENT

Ashmolean TO LAMB AND FLAG PUB
t. 0186 525 6400 Museum
Keble College (TED-U, evening events), Parks Road
t. 0186 527 2727
J
PAR
Ashmolean Museum (evening event), Beaumont Street
4
KS
t. 0186 527 8000
ST. G
RD
Keble College
Malmaison Hotel (evening event), New Road
WALTON ST
ILE S
t. 0186 526 8400
Cherwell Boathouse (farewell picnic and punting), Bardwell Rd
t. 0186 555 2746
5 3 CROSS ST. GILES HERE
T ST
Malmaison Hotel B EAU MON
Internet access
2
Wireless internet coverage is provided in the Oxford Playhouse and in 1
M AG
public areas of the Randolph Hotel. Rooms at Keble College are wired.
ST
D
At other hotels, arrangements vary according to the hotel’s own policy. D ST
TE R
B R OA
DA LE
Many coffee shops in Oxford feature free wi-fi.
CE S
E
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6 C
WO R
Buses and taxis Old Bank Hotel
B
The Oxford bus station is located at Gloucester Green, a four-minute
TU R
A
walk from the Playhouse, with buses departing regularly to London and
L ST
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to Heathrow and Gatwick airports (Oxford Tube, Oxford Bus Company SS
E ST H AE L
and National Express). GE G EORG M IC
CO
E BR
ID ST.
HY TH
RN
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Some taxis in Oxford can be flagged down. Otherwise, taxis can be
R KE
called at 01865 794 000 (City Taxis) or 01865 240 000 (001 Taxis).
N EW
Dinner Locations
TS
As a pleasant summer alternative to taxis, Oxon Carts runs a fleet
INN
T
St. Cross College
of pedal-powered rickshaws (07747 024600) ST
H IG H
HAL
Woodstock Rd. F
NE
LS
W 6
TEDGlobal security Worcester College RD
T
We will maintain tight security and require that you wear your badge Walton St.
for access to all events. (This is strictly enforced.) Particular security 5
Keble College ST
instructions may be given during the event due to the presence of EEN
Parks Rd. G QU
ST
certain speakers; please follow the instructions of TED staff.
LE
ST
CA
TEDGlobal 2010 179
Map Wayfinding Venues Tear-out Map
A To Railway Station G Oxford Castle 1 Oxford Playhouse
B Gloucester Green/Bus Station H To Cherwell Boathouse (punting) 2 Randolph Hotel
C Market place I St. Cross College 3 Ashmolean Museum
D Sheldonian Theatre J Worcester College 4 Keble College
E Bodleian Library 5 Malmaison Hotel
F Clarendon Shopping Center 6 Old Bank Hotel
TEAR MAP ALONG DOTTED LINE TO TAKE WITH YOU AS YOU EXPORE OXFORD
TEDGlobal KE B
LE
RD
H
N TEDGlobal
Venues Venues
1 1
WO O
Oxford Oxford
Playhouse Playhouse
DST
I 4
O CK
BANB URY RD
RD
ST
N
2
N DO 2
A RE
Randolph Hotel L Randolph Hotel
EC
TL
LI T
E NT D
Conference Sessions and Social Events E SC K SR Conference Sessions and Social Events
CR RD PAR
ON UTH
Oxford Playhouse (main program), Beaumont Street W ALT H E UM SO Oxford Playhouse (main program), Beaumont Street
T S
FO OTPA MU
t. 0186 530 5305 t. 0186 530 5305
3 3
Randolph Hotel (social spaces/simulcast); Beaumont Street FOOTPATH STARTS ADJACENT Randolph Hotel (social spaces/simulcast); Beaumont Street
Ashmolean TO LAMB AND FLAG PUB Ashmolean
t. 0186 525 6400 Museum t. 0186 525 6400 Museum
Keble College (TED-U, evening events), Parks Road Keble College (TED-U, evening events), Parks Road
t. 0186 527 2727 t. 0186 527 2727
J
PAR
Ashmolean Museum (evening event), Beaumont Street Ashmolean Museum (evening event), Beaumont Street
4 4
KS
t. 0186 527 8000 t. 0186 527 8000
ST. G
RD
Keble College Keble College
Malmaison Hotel (evening event), New Road Malmaison Hotel (evening event), New Road
WALTON ST
ILE S
t. 0186 526 8400 t. 0186 526 8400
Cherwell Boathouse (farewell picnic and punting), Bardwell Rd Cherwell Boathouse (farewell picnic and punting), Bardwell Rd
t. 0186 555 2746 t. 0186 555 2746
5 3 CROSS ST. GILES HERE 5
T ST
Malmaison Hotel B EAU MON Malmaison Hotel
Internet access Internet access
2
Wireless internet coverage is provided in the Oxford Playhouse and in 1 Wireless internet coverage is provided in the Oxford Playhouse and in
M AG
public areas of the Randolph Hotel. Rooms at Keble College are wired. public areas of the Randolph Hotel. Rooms at Keble College are wired.
ST
D
At other hotels, arrangements vary according to the hotel’s own policy. D ST At other hotels, arrangements vary according to the hotel’s own policy.
TE R
B R OA
DA LE
Many coffee shops in Oxford feature free wi-fi. Many coffee shops in Oxford feature free wi-fi.
CE S
E
N ST
6 C 6
WO R
B
The Oxford bus station is located at Gloucester Green, a four-minute The Oxford bus station is located at Gloucester Green, a four-minute
TU R
A
walk from the Playhouse, with buses departing regularly to London and walk from the Playhouse, with buses departing regularly to London and
L ST
T
to Heathrow and Gatwick airports (Oxford Tube, Oxford Bus Company SS to Heathrow and Gatwick airports (Oxford Tube, Oxford Bus Company
E ST H AE L
G EORG M IC
CO
and National Express). ID GE ST. and National Express).
E BR
HY TH
RN
MA
Some taxis in Oxford can be flagged down. Otherwise, taxis can be Some taxis in Oxford can be flagged down. Otherwise, taxis can be
RTK
called at 01865 794 000 (City Taxis) or 01865 240 000 (001 Taxis). called at 01865 794 000 (City Taxis) or 01865 240 000 (001 Taxis).
N EW
Dinner Locations Dinner Locations
ET
As a pleasant summer alternative to taxis, Oxon Carts runs a fleet As a pleasant summer alternative to taxis, Oxon Carts runs a fleet
ST
INN
St. Cross College St. Cross College
of pedal-powered rickshaws (07747 024600) ST
of pedal-powered rickshaws (07747 024600)
Woodstock Rd. H IG H
HAL
F Woodstock Rd.
NE
LS
W 6
TEDGlobal security Worcester College RD TEDGlobal security Worcester College
T
We will maintain tight security and require that you wear your badge Walton St. We will maintain tight security and require that you wear your badge Walton St.
for access to all events. (This is strictly enforced.) Particular security 5 for access to all events. (This is strictly enforced.) Particular security
Keble College ST Keble College
instructions may be given during the event due to the presence of EEN instructions may be given during the event due to the presence of
Parks Rd. G QU Parks Rd.
ST
certain speakers; please follow the instructions of TED staff. certain speakers; please follow the instructions of TED staff.
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CA
TEDGlobal 2010
Team
TED
New York Office TED Media Team TED Community Team TED Prize Team TED Partnership Team Vancouver Office At Large
Chris Anderson June Cohen Tom Rielly Amy Novogratz Ronda Carnegie Katherine McCartney Bruno Giussani
Curator Executive Producer, Community Director TED Prize Director Global Director Director of Operations European Director
Team Regina Angeles

Director, People + Operations
Kelly Stoetzel
TED Media
Jason Wishnow
Director, Film + Video
Logan McClure
Program Officer, TED Fellows
Simone Alexander
Anna Verghese
Production Manager
Bonnie Calvin
of Partnerships
Matt Curtis
Senior Manager
Janet McCartney
Director of Events
Lisa Stringle
Laura Galloway
Media Relations
Pat Mitchell
Content Producer Thaniya Keereepart Administrative Assistant Wish Producer of Partnerships Elyse Dube TEDWomen Producer
Jane Wulf Product Development Emeka Okafor Casson Rosenblatt William Allen Diana Saboe Thomas Dolby
Scribe Director TED Fellows Consultant Community Catalyst Senior Manager Registration Workgroup Music Director
Leigh Ferreira of Partnerships Jill Greenwood
Jodie Ostrovsky Dan Mitchell Bill Bragin
Digital Partnerships Manager Elise Merhige Staffing, Security, Sponsors,
Here are Research Wish Manager
Partnership Marketing + Signage, Collateral
Music Advisor
Michael Glass
the people who Nick Weinberg
Production Assistant Production Manager Promotion Workgroup
have worked Yesenia Martinez George Riley Jamie Lund

Analytics and Traffic
Tess Hannah
Priscilla Fazakas
Software Engineer
miracles over Curator’s Assistant,
Sam Ritchie Sponsor Concierges
Office Manager Emily McManus
the past 12 Editor, TED.com Partnerships Leah Blakeway
Erin McGuire
months to make TEDx Team Kristin Windbigler Julien Isaacs
Matthew Dryuen Food + Beverage Workgroup
Open Translation Project
TEDGlobal Lara Stein Manager Melissa Media Emma Parston
Interns Tristan Bassett
2010 happen. Licensing Director
Angela Cheng Mike Falco
Salome Heusel Content Specialist Iva Gatcheva
Strategic Relationships, Social Program Workgroup
TEDx Christian Omania
Software Engineer Devin Senft
Remy Peritz Quinci Camazzola
Postproduction Manager, Eric Mueller
Media Production Specialist Melissa Brown
TEDx Holly Santandrea
Yongho Shin Kari Mulholland AV, Technical, Speaker,
Tahnee Pantig Film and Video Editor Warehousing and Accommo-
Interns Mark Bogdanoff dations Workgroup
Software Engineer Anjali Mohan
Marla Mitchnick Fellows Conference +
Film and Video Editor Associates Program
Matthew Trost David Robinson
Assistant Editor, TED.com Angie O’Sullivan
Michael Twentyman Venue Buildout Workgroup
Software Engineer Analia Christmas
Mike Femia Project Lead, TEDActive
Image Production Specialist Rachel Zhang
Shanna Carpenter Conference Finances
Writer, TEDActive Associate
Jenny Zurawell
Translation Specialist
TEDGlobal 2010 181
Colophon
TEDGlobal Friends TEDGlobal Credits

A partial list of people TEDGlobal 2010 Program Printing Photo Credits
who’ve made exceptional Emily McManus Printed in Canada by Portraits
and often behind-the-scenes Bruno Giussani Metropolitan Fine Printers David Adjaye: Ed Reeve
contributions to this year’s Editors Inc., Vancouver, British Chris Anderson:
TEDGlobal. The TED Columbia, a Carbon Neutral TED / James Duncan Davidson
team sincerely thanks them Shanna Carpenter Mitchell Besser: Habie Schwartz
Jim Daly Printer, using inks that
for their engagement produce no effluent and David Bismark: Ola Hedin
and support. Karen Eng Thomas Dolby:
Alana Herro no emissions, contains no
TED / James Duncan Davidson
Matthew Trost alcohol, solvents, ammonia
Ze Frank:
Sunny Bates Writers or formaldehyde. It’s safe
TED / James Duncan Davidson
for people to handle, is
Sarah Caddick Hybrid Design, SF Toni Frohoff: Lindsey Eltinge
completely recyclable and
Creative Direction/Design Iain Hutchison: Habie Schwartz
Stephan Chambers releases no Volatile Organic
Nic Marks: Tim Mitchell
Sam Martin, frog design Compounds (VOCs) into
James Crabtree the environment.
Miwa Matreyek: Colin Young-Wolff
Managing Editor Christien Meindertsma: Vincent Menzel
Alberto de Lorenzi The TEDGlobal 2010
Tim Leberecht, frog design Joseph Nye: Tom Fitzsimmons
Matthew Freud Producer Program is produced on Jamie Oliver (2010 TED Prize):
Julia Hobsbawm 100% Post Consumer TED / James Duncan Davidson

Recycled paper that is FSC Arthur Potts Dawson: Elle Pickering
Susan Kish Certified. By printing on FSC Johan Rockström: J. Lokrantz/Azote
Liz Murdoch Certified paper, TEDGlobal Mallika Sarabhai:
and Metropolitan Fine TED / James Duncan Davidson
Matt Murray Printers promote the Dimitar Sasselov: Jon Chase/Harvard
Michael Naylor responsible management Elif Shafak: Muammer Yanmaz
Chee Pearlman of the worlds’s forests. Heribert Watzke: Nestec

www.metprinters.com
Katherine Priestley Collage images
(all from Getty Images):
Deborah Scranton
Brain cells: © Dr. John D. Cunningham
Ralph Simon Pig: © Dorling Kindersley
Carolyn Steel Soccer player: © 2009 Warrick Page

Child with head model:
Julianne Wurm © The Washington Post
Giorgio Ungania Child eating: © Tim Boyle
Girls in uniform: © 2009 China Photos
Brain scan: © Michael Rosenfeld
Farmers market: © Alan Becker
Woman dancing: © 2009 Marvi Lacar
Images in Conrad Wolfram’s

supplemental pages created
by Vitaliy Kaurov

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And Now the Good News

The world craves good

Our growing up to something facts. Just to And the world

through our TED “why Oxford?” the possible.

around these we have tried

We like to take seemingly lofty

I’ve always had a theory that

There’s always a label, an identity,

Jamil Abu-Wardeh David Adjaye Naif Al-Mutawa Chris Anderson

Mitchell Besser Patrick Chappatte Tom Chatfield Marcel Dicke

Adrian Dolby Thomas Dolby Karsu Dönmez Peter Eigen

Ze Frank Toni Frohoff Neil Gershenfeld John Hardy

Iain Hutchison Sheena Iyengar Jessica Jackley Maz Jobrani

Stephen Berlin Johnson Tan Le Annie Lennox Stefano Mancuso

Nic Marks Miwa Matreyek David McCandless Christien Meindertsma

Gero Miesenböck Inge Missmahl Sugata Mitra Peter Molyneux

Joseph Nye Emily Pilloton Arthur Potts Dawson Johan Rockström

Zainab Salbi Laurie Santos Mallika Sarabhai Dimitar Sasselov

Sebastian Seung Elif Shafak Auret van Heerden Heribert Watzke

104 106 108 110

Stefan Wolff Conrad Wolfram Sheryl WuDunn Ethan Zuckerman

112 114 116 118

power of a shared laugh

He jumpstarted the Standup comedians on the tour

Dubai standup comedy

scene, put modern

Arabic standup on can be broken down if you’re just

television, and produced

One of the UK’s most

libraries in London His larger public buildings—

and some jawdropping

private homes. His a building should be used. Adjaye’s

new challenge: thinking

about ways to develop

the cultural infrastruc-

Naif Al-Mutawa has

created a group of comic

on Islamic culture and

religion. They derive acquire special powers and

their superpowers from

the 99 attributes of Allah. with the Justice League. The 99

That’s why we have 99 characters

After a long career

2002 and has been

developing it as a Anderson expanded to the United

platform for identifying

and disseminating ally spawned more than 100

ideas worth spreading.

How can mothers with

HIV avoid passing it

to their kids? In South

Besser tapped a new andin 2001, he began a program

resource for healthcare:

Mothers2mothers employs HIV-

moms themselves. complement the work of doctors

The program he started,

mothers2mothers, trains the members of mothers2mothers

new mothers to educate

and support other moms

Using clean, simple

pencil strokes, editorial

He draws for The International

globally literate and

I don’t think a cartoon