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Prepared?VitalSoftTech
GettingreadyforaRACinterview?MakesuretorefreshyourknowledgebyreviewingthislistofRACInterview
Questions.
Whatiscachefusion?
InaRACenvironment,itisthecombiningofdatablocks,whichareshippedacrosstheinterconnectfrom
remotedatabasecaches(SGA)tothelocalnode,inordertofulfilltherequirementsforatransaction(DML,
QueryofDataDictionary).
Whatissplitbrain?
Whendatabasenodesinaclusterareunabletocommunicatewitheachother,theymaycontinuetoprocess
andmodifythedatablocksindependently.Ifthe
sameblockismodifiedbymorethanoneinstance,synchronization/lockingofthedatablocksdoesnottake
placeandblocksmaybeoverwrittenbyothersinthecluster.Thisstateiscalledsplitbrain.
WhatisthedifferencebetweenCrashrecoveryandInstancerecovery?
Whenaninstancecrashesinasinglenodedatabaseonstartupacrashrecoverytakesplace.InaRAC
enviornmentthesamerecoveryforaninstanceisperformedbythesurvivingnodescalledInstancerecovery.
Whatistheinterconnectusedfor?
Itisaprivatenetworkwhichisusedtoshipdatablocksfromoneinstancetoanotherforcachefusion.The
physicaldatablocksaswellasdatadictionaryblocksaresharedacrossthisinterconnect.
HowdoyoudeterminewhatprotocolisbeingusedforInterconnecttraffic?
Oneofthewaysistolookatthedatabasealertlogforthetimeperiodwhenthedatabasewasstartedup.
Whatmethodsareavailabletokeepthetimesynchronizedonallnodesinthecluster?
EithertheNetworkTimeProtocol(NTP)canbeconfiguredorin11gr2,ClusterTimeSynchronizationService
(CTSS)canbeused.
WhatfilescomponentsinRACmustresideonsharedstorage?
Spfiles,ControlFiles,DatafilesandRedologfilesshouldbecreatedonsharedstorage.
WheredoestheClusterwarewritewhenthereisanetworkorStoragemissedheartbeat?
Thenetworkpingfailureiswrittenin$CRS_HOME/log
HowdoyoufindoutwhatOCRbackupsareavailable?
Theocrconfigshowbackupcanberuntofindouttheautomaticandmanuallyrunbackups.
IfyourOCRiscorruptedwhatoptionsdohavetoresolvethis?
YoucanuseeitherthelogicalorthephysicalOCRbackupcopytorestoretheRepository.
Howdoyoufindoutwhatobjecthasitsblocksbeingshippedacrosstheinstancethemost?
Youcanusethedba_hist_seg_stats.
WhatisaVIPinRACusefor?
TheVIPisanalternateVirtualIPaddressassignedtoeachnodeinacluster.DuringanodefailuretheVIPof
thefailednodemovestothesurvivingnodeandrelaystotheapplicationthatthenodehasgonedown.Without
VIP,theapplicationwillwaitforTCPtimeoutandthenfindoutthatthesessionisnolongerliveduetothe
failure.
HowdoweknowwhichdatabaseinstancesarepartofaRACcluster?
YoucanquerytheV$ACTIVE_INSTANCESviewtodeterminethememberinstancesoftheRACcluster.
WhatisOCLUMONusedforinaclusterenvironment?
TheClusterHealthMonitor(CHM)storesoperatingsystemmetricsintheCHMrepositoryforallnodesinaRAC
cluster.ItstoresinformationonCPU,memory,process,networkandotherOSdata,Thisinformationcanlater
beretrievedandusedtotroubleshootandidentifyanyclusterrelatedissues.Itisadefaultcomponentofthe
11gr2gridinstall.Thedataisstoredinthemasterrepositoryandreplicatedtoastandbyrepositoryona
differentnode.
Whatwouldbethepossibleperformanceimpactinaclusterifalesspowerfulnode(e.g.slowerCPUs)
isaddedtothecluster?
AllprocessingwillshowdowntotheCPUspeedoftheslowestserver.
WhatisthepurposeofOLR?
OracleLocalrepositorycontainsinformationthatallowstheclusterprocessestobestartedupwiththeOCR
beingintheASMstoragessytem.SincetheASMfilesystemisunavailableuntiltheGridprocessesarestarted
upalocalcopyofthecontentsoftheOCRisrequiredwhichisstoredintheOLR.
WhatisthedefaultmemoryallocationforASM?
In10gthedefaultSGAsizeis1Gin11gitissetto256Mandin12cASMitissetbackto1G.
HowdoyoubackupASMMetadata?
Youcanusemd_backuptorestoretheASMdiskgroupconfigurationincaseofASMdiskgroupstorageloss.
WhatfilescanbestoredintheASMdiskgroup?
In11gthefollowingfilescanbestoredinASMdiskgroups.
Datafiles
Redologfiles
Spfiles
In12cthefilesbelowcanalsonewbestoredintheASMDiskgroup
Passwordfile
WhatittheASMPOWER_LIMIT?
ThisistheparameterwhichcontrolsthenumberofAllocationunitstheASMinstancewilltrytorebalanceatany
giventime.InASMversionslessthan11.2.0.3thedefaultvalueis11howeverithasbeenchangedtounlimited
inlaterversions.
Whatisarollingupgrade?
Apatchisconsideredarollingifitiscanbeappliedtotheclusterbinarieswithouthavingtoshuttingdownthe
databaseinaRACenvironment.Allnodesintheclusterarepatchedinarollingmanner,onebyone,withonly
thenodewhichisbeingpatchedunavailablewhileallotherinstanceopen.
WhataresomeoftheRACspecificparameters?
SomeoftheRACparametersare:
CLUSTER_DATABASE
CLUSTER_DATABASE_INSTANCE
INSTANCE_TYPE(RDBMSorASM)
ACTIVE_INSTANCE_COUNT
UNDO_MANAGEMENT
WhatisthefutureoftheOracleGrid?
TheGridsoftwareisbecomingmoreandmorecapableofnotjustsupportingHAforOracleDatabasesbutalso
otherapplicationsincludingOraclesapplications.With12ctherearemorefeaturesandfunctionalitybuiltinand
itiseasiertodeploytheseprebuiltsolutions,availableforcommonOracleapplications.
WhatcomponentsoftheGridshouldIbackup?
ThebackupsshouldincludeOLR,OCRandASMMetadata.
Isthereaneasywaytoverifytheinventoryforallremotenodes
Youcanruntheopatchlsinventoryall_nodescommandfromasinglenodetolookattheinventorydetailsfor
allnodesinthecluster.
AdditionalResources
OracleInterviewQuestions
ToprepareforyourOracleDBAinterviewherearesomeadditionalOraclequestionsfocusingonother
databaseareas.
AdditionalOracleQuestions?
IfyouhaveadditionalOraclequestions,feelfreetocommentandletusknow.Wewillansweryouquestions
hereorinanotherblog.
Note:ThisOracledocumentationwascreatedforreferenceforusebyVitalsofttechDBAs.Ifyouhaveany
questionspleasepostbyclickingontheASKAQUESTIONlinkabove.