Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,
LUCKNOW
Syllabus
3rd Year
1
U.P. TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
STUDY & EVALUATION SCHEME
B. Tech. Aeronautical Engineering
[Effective from Session 2015-16]
YEAR III, SEMESTER-V
2
U.P. TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
STUDY & EVALUATION SCHEME
B. Tech. Aeronautical Engineering
[Effective from Session 2015-16]
YEAR III, SEMESTER-VI
Departmental Electives:
Department Elective - I
1. NAE-011 Propulsion I
2. NAE-012 Air Transportation
3. NAE-013 Air Navigation
4. NAE-014 Unconventional Manufacturing Process
Department Elective - II
1. NAE-021 Aerodynamics I
2. NAE-022 Meteorology
3. NAE-023 Aircraft Hardware
3
NME-501 : MACHINE DESIGN-I LTP
210
UNIT I
Introduction
Definition, Design requirements of machine elements, Design procedure, Standards in design, Selection
of preferred sizes, Indian Standards designation of carbon & alloy steels, Selection of materials for static
and fatigue loads.
3
Design for Static Load
Modes of failure, Factor of safety, Principal stresses, Stresses due to bending and torsion, Theory of
failure.
4
UNIT II
Design for Fluctuating Loads Cyclic stresses, Fatigue and endurance limit, Stress concentration factor,
Stress concentration factor for various machine parts, Notch sensitivity, Design for finite and infinite life,
Soderberg, Goodman & Gerber criteria.
4
Riveted Joints
Riveting methods, materials, Types of rivet heads, Types of riveted joints, Caulking and Fullering, Failure
of riveted joint, Efficiency of riveted joint, Design of boiler joints, Eccentric loaded riveted joint.
4
UNIT III
Shafts
Cause of failure in shafts, Materials for shaft, Stresses in shafts, Design of shafts subjected to twisting
moment, bending moment and combined twisting and bending moments, Shafts subjected to fatigue loads,
Design for rigidity.
4
Keys and Couplings
Types of keys, splines, Selection of square & flat keys, Strength of sunk key, Couplings, Design of rigid
and flexible couplings.
4
UNIT IV
Mechanical Springs
Types, Material for helical springs, End connections for compression and tension helical springs, Stresses
and deflection of helical springs of circular wire, Design of helical springs subjected to static and fatigue
loading.
4
Power Screws
Forms of threads, multiple threads, Efficiency of square threads, Trapezoidal threads, Stresses in screws,
Design of screw jack
3
5
Books:
1. Theory of Mechanisms and Machines: A Ghose and A K Malik, East West Press Pvt Ltd.
2. Theory of Mechanisms and Machines: J JUicker, G R Pennock and J E Shigley, Oxford
University Press.
3. Kinematics and dynamics of machinery: C E Wilson and J E Sadler: PEARSON
4. Kinematics and dynamics of machinery: R L Norton, McGraw Hill
5. Theory of Machines: S S Rattan, McGraw Hill
6. Theory of Machines: Thomas Bevan, Pearson
Books:
1. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, by Incroperra& DeWitt, John Wiley and Sons
2. Heat and Mass Transfer by Cengel, McGraw-Hill
3. Heat Transfer by J.P. Holman, McGraw-Hill
4. Heat and Mass Transfer by Rudramoorthy and Mayilsamy, Pearson Education
5. Heat Transfer by Ghoshdastidar, Oxford University Press
6. A text book on Heat Transfer, by Sukhatme, University Press.
7. Heat Transfer by Venkateshan, Ane Books Pvt Ltd
8. Schaum's outline of Heat Transfer by Pitts & Sisson McGraw-Hill
9. Heat and Mass Transfer by R Yadav, Central Publishing House
8
NAE-501: INTRODUCTION TO AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING LT P
310
UNIT 1
Introduction : Pre Wright Brothers era, Wright Flyer, Conventional airplane, progress in
airplane design and application, Current status . Other kinds of heavier than air vehicle,
helicopter, VSTOL machines, space vehicles, reusable space vehicles and space shuttle.
5
Aerodynamics : Nomenclature used in aerodynamics, different parts of airplane, airfoil and lift,
wing as a lifting surface, types of wing plan forms, aerodynamic characteristics , drag force, lift
to drag ratio as efficiency of a lifting surface, types of flow; laminar and turbulent , effect of
viscosity , concept of boundary layer, boundary layer control, high coefficient of lift devices,
Propellers Nomenclature, simple momentum and blade elements theories and use of propeller
charts.
5
UNIT II
Airplane Performance, Stability and Control: Airplane axis system, forces and moments,
equilibrium of forces developed on wing and horizontal tail. Location of center of gravity and its
importance. Elementary performance of airplane,use of elevator, rudder and ailerons.
6
UNIT III
Airplane Propulsion: Requirement of power to fly, balance of forces, various means of
producing power for forward flight. Introductory thermodynamics required for airplane power
plants, piston engines and jet engines, engine airframe compatibility .Propeller and its use
Different version of piston and jet engineers. Locations of such engines.Rocket engines and their
variants.
5
UNIT IV
Airplane Structures: Structural arrangement of the Wright Flyer, developments leading to
present form, progress in materials : wooden to all metal airplanes, strength to weight ratio of
aircraft materials, importance of weight in aeronautics and aerospace applications. Details of the
structural layout of wing .fuselage and tail planes.
5
Materials in Aerospace Application : Different materials from wood to super alloys for
airplane and engine application . Materials for space vehicles, FRP materials . Aircraft
production methods and FRP castings in aerospace application .
5
UNIT V
Aircraft Systems: Elementary studies on hydraulic, pneumatic, pressurizing air- conditioning
and oxygen systems. Landing gear and control surface actuating system. Aircraft electrical
systems, elementary studies of generation and on board distribution of electricity.
5
General : Airplane design , type certification and airworthiness certificate , Role of DGCA in air
safety and regulatory authority , accident investigation
4
Books and References:
9
1. Fundamentals of Flight Richard S. Shevel, Prentice Hall.
2. Aircraft Basic Science: Ralph D. Bent & James I, Mackinley.
3. Jet Aircraft Power System : Jack V. Casamassa& Ralph D. Bent
4. Aircraft Maintenance And Repair Kroes et al, GLENCOE, 1993
5. Aircraft Aerodynamics: Clark B. Millikan, 1942
6. Introduction to Avionics: P.S. Dhunta, 1997.
NME-551 : MACHINE DESIGN-I Lab LTP
002
Minimum eight experiments out of the following are to be performed.
Students are advised to use design data book for the design. Drawing shall be made wherever
necessary on small drawing sheets
1. Design & drawing of Cotter joint.
2. Design & drawing of Knuckle joint
3. Design of machine components subjected to combined steady and variable loads
4. Design of eccentrically loaded riveted joint
5. Design of boiler riveted joint
6. Design of shaft for combined constant twisting and bending loads
7. Design of shaft subjected to fluctuating loads
8. Design and drawing of flanged type rigid coupling
9. Design and drawing of flexible coupling
10. Design and drawing of helical spring
11. Design and drawing of screw jack
10
NME-553 : MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY -II LAB LTP
003
Minimum eight experiments out of the following along-with study of the machines / processes
1. Shear-angle determination (using formula) with tube cutting (for orthogonal) on lathe machine.
2. Bolt (thread) making on Lathe machine
3. Tool grinding (to provide tool angles) on tool-grinder machine.
4. Gear cutting on Milling machine.
5. Machining a block on shaper machine.
6. Finishing of a surface on surface-grinding machine.
7. Drilling holes on drilling machine and study of twist-drill.
8. Study of different types of tools and its angles & materials.
9. Experiment on tool wear and tool life.
10. Experiment on jigs/Fixtures and its uses
11. Gas welding experiment
12. Arc welding experiment
13. Resistance welding experiment.
14. Soldering & Brazing experiment
15. Experiment on unconventional machining.
16. Experiment on unconventional welding.
17. Experiment on TIG/MIG Welding.
18. Macro and Microstructure of welding joints.
11
10 Convection - Determination of thermal conductivity of fluid
11 Experiment on Stefan's Law, on radiation determination of emissivity, etc.
12 Experiment on solar collector, etc.
13. Heat exchanger - Parallel flow experiment
14. Heat exchanger - Counter flow experiment
UNIT IV
Rolling Contact Bearing
Advantages and disadvantages, Types of ball bearing, Thrust ball bearing, Types of roller bearing,
Selection of radial ball bearing, Bearing life, Selection of roller bearings, Dynamic equivalent load for
roller contact bearing under constant and variable loading, Reliability of Bearing, Selection of rolling
contact bearing, Lubrication of ball and roller bearing, Mounting of bearing
6
12
UNIT V
IC ENGINE parts,
Selection of type of IC engine, General design considerations, Design of cylinder and cylinder head;
Design of piston and its parts like piston ring and gudgeon pin etc.; Design of connecting rod; Design of
crankshaft
10
Mech. Vibrations:
Types of Vibration, Degrees of freedom. Longitudinal Vibration: Single degree free and damped
vibration. Forced vibration of single degree under harmonic excitation.Vibration
isolation.Whirling of shaft and critical speed.
5
Unit III
Balancing:
Introduction,static balance, dynamic balance, balancing of rotating masses,two plane balancing,
graphical and analytical methods, balancing of reciprocating masses,balancing of single cylinder
engine, balancing of multi cylinder inline engines.
8
13
Unit IV
Governors:
Introduction, types of governors, characteristics of centrifugal governors, gravitycontrolled and
spring controlled centrifugal governors, hunting of centrifugal governors, inertia governors.
Effort and Power of governor, Controlling force diagrams for Porter governor and spring
controlled governors.
8
Unit V
Brakes and dynamometers:
Introduction, Law of friction and types of lubrication, types of brakes, effect of braking on rear
and front wheels of a four wheeler, dynamometers, belt transmission dynamometer, torsion
dynamometer, hydraulic dynamometer
8
Text/Reference Books:
1. Kinematics and dynamics of machinery: Wilson and Sadler, Third edition, Pearson.
2. Theory of Mechanisms and Machines: AmitabhaGhosh and Ashok kumarMallik, Third
Edition Affiliated East-West Press.
3. Theory of Machines and Mechanisms: Joseph Edward Shigley and John Joseph Uicker,
Jr. Oxford University Press
4. Kinematics and dynamics of machinery: R L Norton, McGraw Hill
5. Theory of Mchines: S.S. Rattan, McGraw Hill
6. Theory of Mchines: Thomas Bevan, CBS Publishers.
Departmental Elective-I
NAE-011 :PROPULSION I LT P
310
UNIT I
Introduction: Functions of parts and their materials. Fundamental quantities. Gas Laws, Forms
of energy. Non-Flow process, Flow Process.
1
Cycles & Processes: The Otto cycle, the Diesel cycle, The dual cycle, Comparison of
air-standard cycles, The effects of chemical equilibrium and variable specific heats. The
complete expansion engine. The Air engine cycle calculation. Exhaust process of the radial
engine. Combustion charts, Introductory remarks on the usage of the combustion charts on the
rigorous cycle-Calculations.
4
Fuels: The natural fuels, Crude petroleum, Division of crude oil into petroleum products.
Thermal and catalytic cracking. Introductory remarks on paraffins, olefins, diolefins, naphthenes,
aromatics and alcohols. Other refining processes, Characteristics of Gasoline.
1
Combustion Theory:-Combustion equations. Properties of air Combustible elements in
fuels.Combustion with air.Heat of combustion.Higher and lower heating values.Theoretical
flame temperature.Auto ignition and chemical reaction.Details of chemistry of
combustion.Theories of combustion.Chemical equilibrium and dissociation.
2
UNIT II
Combustion in S.I. Engine: Normal combustion in S.I. engine, Auto ignition of end charge,
Knock and detonation, Pre-ignition and post-ignition. Pressure-specific volume (p.v.) and
pressure-time(p.t.) diagrams for normal combustion.P.T. and rate diagrams with detonation.
Effect of engine operating variables on knock, Knock rating of S.I. Fuels, Antiknock agents,
Knock and S.I. engine performance.
3
Carburation: Fuel-Air ratio requirements of the engine under different load conditions. The
fuel- carburation system,Theventuri tube, The fuel flow, Fuel-air ratio, Performance of a simple
carburetor. Calculation of venture size and fuel orifice-size. The elements of complete carburetor.
Effect of altitude. Typical aircraft carburetor arrangement, Injection carburetion. Continuous and
timed injection, Working principles with typical examples.
3
Ignition: Ignition timing and performance. Effect of ignition timing on output. Factors effecting
spark advance.Ignition timing and cylinder temperature. Location of spark plug, battery ignition
system. Magneto ignition Aircraft engine plugs. Altitude effects on ignition apparatus.
2
UNIT III
Engine Cooling: Quantity of heat dealt with by cooling system, Heat radiation, heat conduction,
16
Steady heat flow calculation. Cylinder temperature changes. Engine cooling methods, Heat
dissipation from air-cooled surface and surface area calculation. Air cooled surfaces and surface
area calculation. Air-cooled aircraft engine examples. Power absorbed in cooling an engine,
Experimental data on air cooling, Cylinder temperatures, Cooling areas and wind speeds,
Exhaust valve cooling. Cooling fin data. Air cooling methods of radial and in line Aircraft
engines, Typical examples, Types of liquid cooling systems. Radiator types, Pressure cooling,
Steam cooling, Use of high boiling point liquid for aircraft engines. Typical liquid cooling
system of an aircraft engine. Comparison of Air-cooled and liquid-cooled aircraft engine.
3
Engine Friction & Lubrication: Total engine friction, Piston friction, bearing and auxiliary
friction, Pumping friction, Lubrication. Important properties of engine lubricants, Engine oil
additives, Dilution of oil by the fuel. Lubrication systems (petrol, splash, semi pressure,
pressure and dry pump system).Typical example of an aircraft engine lubrication system. Engine
tests to estimate mechanical friction and pumping friction.
3
Supercharging: types of superchargers, Superchargers efficiencies, Power to drive
superchargers, Constructional details of centrifugal supercharger, Purpose of supercharging
aircraft, Typical examples of gear driven superchargers and exhaust turbo-superchargers,
Comparison of gear driven and turbo superchargers.
2
UNIT IV
Aircraft Engine Types & Applications: Typical examples of aircraft engine classified on
cylinder arrangement. Merits and demerits of poppet valves. Operating principles of single and
double sleeve valve engines.
2
Altitude and Power Output: The nomally aspirated engine Power estimation from ground level
data. Power measurements in flight. The correction of engine power to conditions in the standard
atmosphere, Ground level tests of supercharged engine, Altitude performance of supercharged
engine.
3
Engine Testing: Brake and dynamometers. Determination of speed, Fuel consumption and air
consumption, Power and mechanical efficiency, Mean effective pressures,torque and mean
effective pressure, Specific fuel consumption, Air-Fuel ratio, Volumetric efficiency and air
capacity.Performance ratings.Correction factors. Variable speed and constant speed test with SI
engine General performance curves. Mechanical engine indicators, Pressure indicators.
3
UNIT V
Engine Design: General design, Number of cylinders and arrangement, Stroke-Bore ratio,
Displacement per minute.
2
Combustion Chamber Design:-Principles, Flame travel, comparison of various combustion
chamber design, Octane requirements for different combustion chambers. Octane rating and
compression ratio.The Hemispherical combustion head.Typical examples of combustion
chambers.
2
Air Capacity: Dependence of indicated horse power on air capacity. Air capacity estimation,
17
Static and dynamic effects, Effects of inlet air temperature, inlet and exhaust pressure, inertia and
fluid friction and elasticity of the gas on volumetric efficiency. Effect of piston speed and engine
size on air capacity. Combined static and dynamic effects.
2
Books and References
1. Obert, E.F., Internal Combustion Enginers, Edn. 3, International Text Book Company, 1969.
2. Judge, AW, Modern Petrol Engine, Edn. 2, Chapman and Hall Ltd., 1955.
3. Regowski, AR. Elements of Internal-Combustion Engines, McGraw Hill Book Co Inc. 1953.
4. Lichty L.C., Internal Combustion Engines, Edn. 6, McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc. 1951.
5. Pye, D.R., The Internal Combustion Engine, Vol; I and Vol. II, Oxford University Press,1953.
6. Morley, AW, Aircraft Propulsion - Theory and Performance, Longmans, Green and Co., 1953.
7. Maleev, V.L. Intemal Combustion Engines - Theory and Design Edn. 2, McGraw Hill Book Co. 1945.
8. Schmidt, FAP, The Internal Combustion Engine, Chapman and Hall, 1965.
UNIT I
Economics of transportation Development of Air transportation, comparison with other modes of
transport, Effect of Economic, Geographical and Political factors on routes, route selection.
6
UNIT II
Factors influencing the choice of aircraft such as route, fleet of aircraft, operating costs,
passenger capacity, load factors etc, Passenger fares and tariffs.
6
UNIT III
Flight Scheduling: Factors effecting runway utilization and all weather alternate airfields.
Meteorological network-W.T., organization and communications, Area and en-route navigation
and instrument flying. Principle of air traffic control Preparation of night plans, Aircraft
scheduling in conjunction with aircraft maintenance practices.
8
UNIT IV
Operational Research:
Application of the principles of operational research to : (a) Route-Analysis
(b) Economics of operation (c) Selection of aircraft suited to the route network/passenger and or
cargo operational and market forecast.
6
UNIT V
Aircraft and engine performance data monitoring and analysis, Maintenance practices and its
relation to maintaining schedules and the principle of design for ease of maintenance.
5
Books and References:
1. Air transportation by Wilson and Byron.
2. Air Line Traffic Procedures by Gene Kropt.
18
3. Air Passenger Traffic by William I. Grossman
4. Airport Management by John H. Frederick.
5. Economics of Transportation by Philip Locklin.
6. Airport Planning by Charles Foresch and Walther Proksoch.
7. Radio and Instrument Flying by Charles A. Zweng.
8. Meteorology-Handbook of Aviation Meteorology of Meteorological Office, H.M.
Stationery Office London.
9. General Meterology by Horace R. Buyers.
10. Practical Air Navigation by Thoburn C. Kyon.
11. Indian Aircraft Manual.
12. Standard Method for the Estimation of Direct Operating Cost of SBAC.
13. Control Tower and Despatcher Ratings by Charles A. Zweng.
ICAO PUBLICATIONS
1. Economic implications of the introduction into service of long range jet aircraft.
2. Aeronautical Charts-Annex 4.
3. Aerodrome Manual - Parts 1, 2 and 3
4. Procedures for Air Navigation Services-meteorology.
5. FAA : FAR 25, 121, etc.
Radio/Radar track guides approach and landing aids and systems including V.O.R., N.D.B.
and I.L.S.
Plotting Radio Bearings on Mercator Charts.Relating Bearings.
2
UNIT V
Celestial Navigation: Elements of Astronomy, the universe, Solar system, movements of earth,
moon and planets, earth's orbit' Kepler laws, declination, altitude, azimuth etc. Practical Value,
Accuracy, Simplicity, Basic principles, The Line of position, Celestial Coordinates, Determining
the Greenwich Hour Angle (GHA) Determining the Local Hour Angle (LHA).Line of Position
tables.Computing The line of Position. Other methods.A Line of Position from Polaris. A
Line of Position from and Unidentified Star, Radio Time Signals, Identification of Stars, Star
Names, Brightness of Star, The planets. Motion of the Stars and Planets. The Practice of
Celestial Navigation, Astro-Navigation instruments.
7
The Practice of Navigation: Details of Navigation. Preparation of Charts for use in Flight
Pilotage Contact Instrument Flying.
2
20
Books and References:
1. C.W. Martin, Air Navigation.
2. Weeins, Air Navigation.
3. D.C.T. Benett, TheComplege Air Navigation.
4. T.C. Lyon, Practical Air Navigation.
5. RAT Manual of Air Navigation, A.P. 1234Vols. A.B.D. & E.
6. Martin, Air Navigation
7. Brown, Air Navigation, Chaman and Hall.
8. Brook, Williams and Branch, Air Navigation, Theory and Practice.
9. J. Clough Smith, Applied D.R. Navigation and Flight Planning.
10. McIntosh, Long Range Flight.
11. Swayer, Theoretical Aspects of Pressure Pttern Flying.
12. Steers, An Introduction to Study of Map Projections.
13. Patton, Aircraft Instruments-their function and use.\
14. Grover, Radio Aids to Air Navigation.
15. Smith, Radio Aids to Air Navigation.
16. Hall, Radar Aids to Navigation.
17. Sight Reduction Tables for Air Navigation A.P. 3270, Vols. 1, 2 & 3. Hughes Tables for
Sea & Air Navigation.
18, The Air Almanac A.P. 1602.
Unit-I
Introduction: Limitations of conventional manufacturing process, need of unconventional
manufacturing processes & its classification and its future possibilities.
5
Unit-II
Unconventional Machining Process :Principle and working and applications of unconventional
machining process such as Electro-Discharge machining, Electro-chemical machining,
ultrasonic machining, Abrasive jet machining etc.
8
Unit -III
Unconventional Machining Process (continued):Principle and working and application of
unconventional machining processes such as Laser beam machining, Electron beam machining,
Ultrasonic machining etc. (these can also be used for welding).
8
Unit-IV
Unconventional welding processes: Explosive welding, Cladding etc. Under water welding.
Metalizing, Plasma are welding/cutting etc.
7
Unit-V
Unconventional Forming process: Principle, working and applications of High energy forming
process such as Explosive Forming, Electromagnetic forming, Electro-Discharge forming, water
hammer forming, explosive compaction etc.
21
7
Electronic-device Manufacturing: Brief description of Diffusion and Photo - Lithography
process for electronic-device manufacturing.
3
Books
1. Modern Machining Processes - P.C. Pandey
2. Unconventional Machining - V.K. Jain
3. Handbook of Manufacturing Processes, James G Bralla, Industrial Press.
Departmental Elective - II
Two Dimensional Ideal Fluid Flow: Circulation and vorticity, Irrotational flows, Stream and
potential functions for uniform flows, sources, sink, vortex flows and combinations. Mapping of
flow fields and determination of pressure and velocity distributions. Kutta-Joukow-ski theorem.
6
Complex Potential: Its properties and applications to various flows. Conformal
transformation.Joukow-ski transformation.Circular arcs.Symmetrical and cambered
airfoils.General expressions for lift and moment.
6
UNIT II
Thin Airfoil Theory: Lift and pitching moment coefficient of flat and curved plates and
aerofoils. Effects of flap on aerodynamic coefficients.
2
One dimensional compressible flow, flow equations, Velocity of sound, Isentropic subsonic and
supersonic flows through converging and diverging passeges, Supersonic flow through constant
area ducts, Normal shock relations.
5
UNIT III
Two dimensional supersonic flow past wedges and concave corners, Oblique shock relations,
Hodograph shock polars, Strong, weak and detached shocks, Prandtl-Meyer expansion flow
past two dimensional concave corners, Expansion hodograph, Reflection of shocks and
expansion waves, Method of characteristics.
6
UNIT IV
Viscous Flow Theory: Navier-Stroke's equations, Exact solutions, Poiseulle flow, Cociette flow,
Boundary layer theory, Blasius flow, Pohlausen method, laminar and turbulent boundary layers,
22
skin friction; transaction, separation Boundary layer control, suction, blowing, Laminar flow
airfoils.
8
References:
1. E.L. Houghton and A.E. Brock, Aerodynamics for Engineering Students, Edward Arnold
(Publishers)
2. W.F. Durand (Editore), Aerodynamics Theory, Vols. I to VI, Dover Publications, 1963.
3. A.H. Shapiro, Dynamics and Themodynamics of Cop;ressibleFl;ud Flow Volts. I & II Ronald
Press 1953.
4. John D. Anderson, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics.
5. A. Ferri, Elements of Aerodynamics of Supersonic Flow, MacMillan, 1949.
6. D.O. Dommasch, S.S. Sherby& T.F. Connolly, Airplane Aerodynamics, Sir, Issac Pitman * C.
1961.
7. A.M. Kuethe& J.D. Schetzer, Foundations of Aerodynamics, Wiley, 1961.
8. L.N. Milne Thomson, Theoretical Aerodynamics, MacMillan, 1966.
UNIT II
Wind: Definition Buys Gallot's law, Effects of earth's rotation, Coriolis force, Geostrophic
wind, Cyclostrophic wind, Gradient wind, Variation of Geostrophic wind with height, Thermal
wind, Diurnal variation of wind, Veering and backing Gustiness Gale Squall.
2
Local Winds: Land and sea breezes, Katabatic and Anabatic winds,Valley wind, Fohn
23
wind-Some well known local winds.
1
Stability and Instability: Atmospheric stability, Stability of dry air, conditional stability, Latent
instability, T-gram.
1
Vertical motion in the atmosphere: Types of vertical motion-Frictional eddies-Convergence
Divergence.
1
Condensation and Clouts: condensation level Condensation nuclei. Formation, Classification,
nomenclature features and estimation of clouds. Flying in clouds.
1
Precipitation : Physics of precipitation Theories of precipitation. Nature of clouds and
precipitation Snow and steel-Orographic rain Diurnal and seasonal variation of precipitation.
1
UNIT III
Thunderstorms :Conditions favourable for CB formation, Structure of thunderstorms, life cycle,
Severe storms, Squall from thunderstorms Diurnal and seasonal variation, Flying hazards in
thunderstorms, Hail, Other instability phenomena, dust storms, tornados-water pouts.
2
Atmosphere Obscurity and Visibility: Visibility in the atmosphere RVR - Vertical and slant
visibility, Smoke haze, dust raising winds, dust stroms, Mist, fog and types of fog.
2
Air Masses and Fronts: Nature, origin, classification, movement and properties of air masses
Air masses of India. Polar front-Extra tropical cyclones- Warm and cold fronts and occlusion,
Western disturbances.
2
UNIT IV
Special Aviation Phenomena:
(a) Ice Accretion: Types of icing. Temperature ranges. Airframe icing in relation to cloud
forms and effects. Precautions and remedial measures against ice- accretion. Engine icing
2
(b) Atmospheric turbulence:Gust and Gustiness. Clear Air Turbulence mechanism,
characteristic, types, features-Occurrence of CAT over India, Avoidance of CAT.
2
(c) Mountain Waves: Definition, Aviation hazards. Clouds Rotors Lee waves- vertical
currents. Seasonal and diurnal variation, Synoptic conditions for formation.
1
(d) Cirri form Clouds: High cloud-types-Height tropopause-Associated Weather hazards.
1
(e) Condensation Trails: Types- Physics of Contrails Mintra, Drytra. Maxtra levels,
Avoidance
1
24
(f) S.S.T. Flights: Meteorology factors. Wind and temperature Sonic boom Turbulence
Ozone Hydrometeors.
1
References:
1. Manual of Meteorology for Aircrew.
2. Elementary Meteorology for Aircraft (HMSO AP 3307)
3. Handbook of Aviation meteorology (HMSO AP 3340)
4. Understanding Weather by O.G. Sutton ( Penguin Book)
5. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate, by R.C. Barry and R.J. Chorley ( Methuen& Co London )
6. Weather and Climate by R.C. Suteliffe( Weidenfield and Nicholson)
7. Introduction to Meteorology by S. Patterson ( McGraw Hill )
8. Met Glossary (HMSO London , AP 897)
9. The Challenge of the Atmosphere by O.G. Sutton (Hutchinson)
10. International Cloud Atlas (WMO
26
NME-652 : MACHINE DESIGN-II Lab LTP
002
A. Computer and Language :students are required to learn the basics of computer language such as C
and C++ so that they should be able to write the computer programme (3practical turns)
B. Writing Computer programme for conventional design: Students are required to write computer
program and validate it for the design of machine components done in theory subject (5practical turns)
C. Mini Project: Each student will be given a real life problem for the complete design of a
subsystem/system using either manual calculation with the help of design handbook or through computer
programme, if needed. This will be done as home assignment to be submitted at the end of the semester.
27