Sie sind auf Seite 1von 31

(creativity)

( )

, .

1)
2)
3)

. ).
.

( . ).

.
.
.(
).
.

null-subject .
( . . / . He is running).

.
, .
+

,
( . ). . ( )
.

.
.
=
( , )

26/3

.
) ( )

.
.
. .

.
. .

,
. .

1. . ( ),

2. .
.
.

3. . ,
.
. ?
- ( , )

4. . , .
.
. ?
-

5. .

.
.

6. .
, .
.
.

2/4

. .
. .
, .
.
(aspect)
. .
( ) . .
, ( .
) . ,
, .
Aspect = , ( , )
Aktionsart = ( , )

(modality)

(mood) ( )

.
.
( . ),
.
( , , ).
.

( )

.( , , . .)
.
.
.
.

, . ,
( .
).

( ) .
.

.
. .

.
(clause typing)

-
Clause typing

.
.

( )
,
.

max.

max

max .

.
I. (precedence)
. . .
II. (dominance)
.
III. (c command) 1)
, 2) 3)
.
. ( )
(
)

V. 1 (
), 2) , 3)
(
)

a)
b)
c)
.

9/4

( )
.( , )

[ ]

, ,
.

A.
.

.
B.
.
.
, .
.
.

.
.
.

.
.

2 1

, .


( )

15/4

+ ).

. .

( .
).
.
1) 2)


. .


.
,
)

(
, , )
, ( ).

,
)

.

1 2


I.
, , ( ) .
II.
( . ) .
III.

, ,
.
.( ).

( )
1
2
3 ( )
4
.

( )

( )
.


, .
. ( .
, ).

23/4

.
.
.
, .
, .
=

.
, .
.
.
1) . .
.
.

.
2)
. .
, . .

(= )

(= )

( , ).
.
.

.
) John kissed Mary
B) Did John kissed Mary?

) .
.
( )

(= )

(Q)
Did

John
+

Kiss ary

Who has John kissed?


(who) .
Who kissed Mary? ( ).
.
.
?
?
?

(Q)

( )

.
.
14/5

( )
.
.
.
( , ).
( ).

( ).
. [ , ]
[_ , ]
[_ ]
[_ ]
[_ ]( )
[_ ]
.
I. . [_]
II. [_ ]
[_ ]
[_ ]
[ ]
[_ ]
[_ ]
.
[_ , ]
[_ , ]
[_ , ]
[ , ]

1) .
, .
2) .

.
3) , ,
.
.

4) , ,
( ).
( . ).
( . .
).
, .
.
5) .
. ( ).

. ).
6) , ,
. .

1 2

.
.

.
1 2

A. .(
).
B. .

1) , .

1 2

2)

1 2 3

3) . , (
, ).

, ) . , , , .
4) .
. ,
1

1 2

.
. , , .
, ,

.
.

21/5
.
. 1)
2) .
.
.
.
.
, .
( , ), ( )
, ).
3) ( , focus)
4) , ( , topic).
3) 4) . 3) 4)
. ,
.

5)john is eager to please ( )


6)john is easy to please ( )
5) John , 6) .

,
.
(projection principle)
( )
.

. 1)

1 2

, .

.
.

(phi - features). , ,
. .
.

, . .

( )
.
( ).
.
, .
, ,
.
, . it rains.
It rains
It snows
It is cold It
It is hot

it , , .
.

7)It seems the boys love Mary


8)The boys seems to love Mary

seem . , 8)
, 7) it
.

.
.

. pro.
. !

9) hree boys arrived here


10)There arrived three boys
there 10 .
.

1)
.
(trigger) .
(goal).
.1
.
.

+

. .

2)

, . .


.
.
.
(t).
, .
( . ,
).

+
.
. .

( )

1 .

[- ]

[ .]

o
.
o
o .
1 .

[- ]
[ .]

o .

A.
B.

28/5

?
. .
.
( )

[+ ]
[ ]

1 2 .

[+ ]
[ ]

.
( )
( )

1 2

[+ ]
[ ]

[+ ]
[ ]

(+ )

,
.
.
, . .
( )
( )
( ) .

1 2

[+ ]
[ ]

[+ ]
[ ]


The boys like Mary

/like
.
1 2

M
Mary
the boys


The boys
[- ]
[ ]

The boys
Like
Mary


[- ]
[ ]

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen