Graph of horizontal distance vs square root of yh

4.00E-01
3.50E-01
f(x)
f(x) =
f(x) = 1.78x
=1.77x
1.82x
1.75x
1.8x -0.01
-+- 0.01
0.01
0
3.00E-01
2.50E-01

Horizontal distance 2.00E-01

1.50E-01
1.00E-01
5.00E-02
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 1.00E-01 2.00E-01 3.00E-01

Square root of yh

Figure 3: orifice diameter 6E-03 and flow rate of 1.8E-04

Graph of horizontal distance vs square root of yh

4.00E-01
3.50E-01
f(x)
f(x) = 1.75x
= 1.77x - 00
1.78x + 0.01
3.00E-01
2.50E-01

Horizontal distance 2.00E-01

1.50E-01
1.00E-01
5.00E-02
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 1.00E-01 2.00E-01 3.00E-01

Square root of yh

Figure 4: orifice diameter 6E-03 and flow rate of 1.67E-04

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Graph of horizontal distance vs square root of yh
4.00E-01
3.50E-01
f(x)
f(x) = 1.77x
1.75x
=1.74x
1.8x --0.01
0
3.00E-01
2.50E-01

Horizontal distance 2.00E-01

1.50E-01
1.00E-01
5.00E-02
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 1.00E-01 2.00E-01 3.00E-01

Square root of yh

Figure 5: orifice diameter 3E-03 and flow rate of 3.32E-04

Graph of horizontal distance vs square root of yh

4.00E-01
3.50E-01
f(x)
f(x) =
= 1.76x
1.76x +
1.74x
1.74x -00
0.01
3.00E-01
2.50E-01

Horizontal distance 2.00E-01

1.50E-01
1.00E-01
5.00E-02
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 1.00E-01 2.00E-01 3.00E-01

Square root of yh

Figure 6: orifice diameter 3E-03 and flow rate of 1.67E-04

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 gradient
C v can be obtained by using formula C v =
2

For orifice diameter 0.006m:

(1.7533+1.7743+1.8016+1.8207+1.7801+1.7772+1.7516+1.7722+1.754+ 1.7701)/10
C v= =0.8878
2

For orifice diameter 0.003m:

(1.7989+1.752+1.7444+1.7525+1.7692+1.7605+1.7378+1.7631+1.7401+1.7579)/10
C v= =0.8788
2

To summarize our finding in this experiment, we found out outflow of orifice can be
affected by viscosity of fluid and gravitational force. For orifice with diameter 6E-03m,
the coefficient of velocity is 0.8878 while 0.8788 for diameter 3E-03m. From the table of
results, we found out vertical distance is inversely proportional to flow rate. The findings
are reasonable because it was consistent for both diameter observed from the graphs
constructed.

CONCLUSION
The higher the diameter of orifice, the lower the coefficient of velocity. Also, it can be
concluded that vertical distance is inversely proportional to head.
Throughout the experiment, errors were spotted as below:
1. Method of plotting graph by adjusting pin on the apparatus was not accurate
because while observing, the observer might not be perpendicular to the water
level due to certain level of splashing towards the opened end of projected water
line.
2. Time reaction errors that happened when observer were able to synchronize with
time while taking results. It was suggested the tasks can be distributed to several
parts for faster reaction while recording.

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REFERENCES
Orifice, Nozzle and Venturi Flow Rate Meters . (2017). Retrieved from The Engineering
ToolBox: http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/orifice-nozzle-venturi-d_590.html

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