BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang

Highway construction as a means of transport is a very important element

in the effort to improve people's lives to achieve prosperity. In our daily
lives as social human beings can not live without help from others, then
with the road infrastructure, then the relationship between one area to
another within a country will be established. Means is meant here is a
means of connecting by land, sea and udarah. Of the three facilities, will
be reviewed by road infrastructure.
Road conditions will automatically take effect either directly or indirectly
and smooth influential in community activities. Therefore, it should also be
reviewed various aspects on the highway. Good road conditions will be
functioning with maximum when accompanied with good drainage.

One of the most important aspects in the planning of the highway is to protect surface
water and groundwater. One way to protect the road surface of the water is to create drainage
channels on the sides of the road. Drainage is an important aspect in the planning of the
highway. Because if there is a puddle of water on the road surface can damage the road
pavement and can make highways can not function properly.

In the planning of highway drainage system. Velocity of water through the channel
also needs dipetimbangkan. The water velocity is too great in the event of flooding lead to
erosion of the channel wall. On the other hand, the speed of the water that is too low will
result in sedimentation (precipitation) in drainage channels. In addition, other disorders that
may occur in the drainage channel is clogging. This blockage can be caused by accumulated
garbage shut off the flow of water to get into the drainage channel highway, which will be
resulted in further erosion and will even lead to the collapse of the walls of the channel.

Therefore, to control the water flow into the drainage channel inlet
need for planning street on the edge of the road that serves to drain the
water directly on the highway to the drainage channels. Number of inlet,
inlet shape, the dimensions of the inlet, the distance between the inlet,
the slope of the road, the road width and other aspects can affect the flow
of water entering the drainage system. This report will be reviewed at the
Inlet in Malang, rather Inlet available at jl. Sari source.
1.2 Rumusan Masalah

1. What is the condition of street inlet drainage channel at the location?

2. Does the street inlet is functioning optimally?
3. Is the street inlet conditions are in accordance with the road conditions?

1.3 Discussion destination

1. To determine the condition of street drainage inlet duct at the location
2. To determine the street inlet is functioning optimally or not
3. To determine the street inlet are in accordance with the conditions of
the road or not
 BAB II

LANDASAN TEORI

2.1 Drainase Jalan

Drainage is one of the basic facilities that are designed as a system to

meet the needs of society and is komponenpenting in urban planning
(infrastructure planning in particular). Drainage basically serves to drain,
drain, discard, or divert water. In general, the drainage water is defined as
a series of buildings that serve to reduce and remove excess water from
an area or land, so the land can function optimally. Drainage can also be
interpreted as an attempt to control the quality of groundwater in relation
to sanitation. While urban drainage is water disposal system that serves
drain parts of the city administration and urban areas of stagnant water,
either from local rainfall and the tides coming in the city area so it does
not interfere with the public and can provide benefits to people's lives.2.2
Drainase Menurut sejarah terbentuknya

2.2.1 Drainase Alamiah (Natural Drainage)

Drainage occurs naturally and there are no support structures such as buildings
spillway, masonry / concrete, culverts and others. These channels are formed by
 moving water scours due to gravity, which gradually form a permanent waterways

such as rivers.

Gambar 2.2.1.a Drainase Alamiah

2.2.2 Drainase Buatan (Arficial Drainage)

Drainage made with the intent and purpose so require buildings - special buildings such as
gutter masonry / concrete, culverts, pipes and so on. Advantage of this artificial drainage
which can make drainage has dimensions and a clear direction which will help to control the
existing drainage system.
 Gambar 2.2.2 a Drainase Buatan

2.3 Drainase Menurut Fungsi

2.3.1 Single Purpose

Single Purpose, which is the channel that serves the one type of waste water, such as rain
water or other types of wastewater such as domestic sewage, industrial waste water and other
- other.

2.3.2 Multi Purpose

Multi Purpose, the channel that serves the several types of waste water either mixed or
alternating (C).

2.4 Drainase Menurut Letak Bangunan

2.4.1 Drainase Bawah Permukaan Tanah (Subsurface Drainage)

Drainage channels aimed drain water runoff through the media under the soil surface (pipes),
due to certain reasons. Demands that reason, among others, artistic, demand function of the
soil surface that does not allow any channel on the surface of the ground like a football field,
airfields, parks and others. In other words, subsurface drainage serves to lower the ground
water level and remove water infiltration from the area around the road and the road surface
or water that rises from the road subgrade.

2.4.2 Drainase Permukaan Tanah (Surface Drainage)

Drainage channels that are above the soil surface that serves drain
water runoff (surface water control). Flow analysis is an analysis of
open channel flow.
Surface drainage system in the construction of highways generally

serves to:
a) Bringing rainwater from the surface to a drainage jalam
b) Collect Subdrain ground water and surface water from flowing on
the road
c) Bring water to cross the road alignment in a controlled manner
Functions in points (a) and (b) is controlled by an elongated
drainage component. As for function points (c) require transverse
drainage of the building, such as a sewer.

Gambar 2.3.2a Gambaran Drainase Permukaan

Sistem drainase permukaan pada umumnya terdiri dari :

a) Kemiringan melintang pada bahu jalan dan perkerasan jalan
Pada daerah jalan yang datar dan lurus biasanya dibuat kemiringan
perkerasan jalan mulai dari tengah perkerasab melandai kea rah selokan pada
sisi jalan.

Tabel 1 Kemiringan Melintang Normal Perkerasan Jalan

 Pada jalan yang lurus pada tanjakan atau penurunan perlu
mempertimbangkan besarnya kemiringan alinyemen vertical jalan supaya air
dapat cepat mengalir ke selokan di sisi jalan melalui street inlet.
Pada daerah tikungan perlu mempertimbangkan kebutuhan kemiringan
jalan menurut prasyarat alinyemen horizontal. Besarnya kemiringan pada
daerah tikungan ditentukan oleh nilai maksimum kebutuhan kemiringan
horizontal dan menurut kebutuhan kemiringan drainase.
b) Selokan samping
Selokan samping adalah saluran drainase yang dibuat disisi kanan dan
kiri badan jalan. Fungsi selokan ini aalah sebagai berikut :
Menampung dan membuang air yang berasal dari permukaan jalan
Menampung dan membuang air yang berasal dari daerah pengaliran
sekitar jalan
Pemilihan material selokan ditentukan oleh besarnya kecepatan
rencana aliran yang akan melewatinya.

Tabel 2 Kecepatan Aliran yang Diizinkan Berdasarkan Jenis Material

Tabel 3 Hubungan Kemiringan Selokan Samping dan Jenis Material

 Tabel 4 Kemiringan Saluran Memanjang berdasarkan Jenis Material

2.5 Fungsi Drainase Berdasarkan Fisiknya

Fungsi drainase berdasarkan fisiknya adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Saluran Primer
Saluran primer adalah saluran utama yang menerima masukan aliran dari
saluran sekunder dan atau saluran sekunder. Saluran primer bermuara di badan
penerima air.
2. Saluran Sekunder
Saluran sekunder adalah saluran terbua atau tertutup yang berfungsi menerima
aliran air dari saluran tersier dan limpasan air dari permukaan sekitarnya serta
meneruskan ke saluran primer
3. Saluran Tersier
Saluran tersier adalah saluran drainase yang menerima air dari saluran drainase
lokal dan meneruskan ke saluran sekunder.
 BAB III
PEMBAHASAN

In this chapter we will explain the drainage channels found on the highway all the
way Source Sari city of Malang. Here we take a map of the location where the data:

On along this road there are 6 varieties street inlet. Each street inlet size and the
distance between the inlet different street. Our street condition survey inlet that is open, but
there are several covered trash and leaves.
Sumber Sari on along the road which has a width of 3 m is only get a little inlet, because the
area is a road Sumbersari rice fields, which in roadside street inlet is no longer needed,
because the water will immediately flow into the irrigation channel.
Data yang didapat dari survey pada jalan Sumbersari

Jarak Diameter
No Bentuk Inlet
(m) (m)
Setengah
1
Lingkaran 1.02 0.14

Jarak
No Bentuk Inlet Panjang Tinggi
(m)
2 Oval 1.43 0.31

Jarak Panjang Tinggi

No Bentuk Inlet
(m) (m) (m)
3 Persegi Panjang 11.5 0.4 0.16
4 Persegi Panjang 11.5 1.42 0.25
Persegi Panjang
5 (Screen) 4 0.33 0.33
6 Persegi Panjang 3.5 0.12 0.08

Gambar 3.1 (Street Inlet No.1) Gambar 3.2 (Street Inlet

No.2)
 Gambar 3.3 (Street Inlet No.3) Gambar 3.4 (Street Inlet

No.4)

Gambar 3.5 (Street Inlet No.5) Gambar 3.6 (Street Inlet

No.6)

As seen in the figure, it can be seen that in Figure 3.1 is not covered by
the trash so that water can flow should. There are 9 street inlet 1 which
has the dimensions and the distance between the same inlet.
While in Figure 3.2 and 3.4 can be seen that street inlet closed or blocked
by rubbish and weeds. And there is only 1 piece inlet of each street inlet.
In the figure 3.5 can be known that Street inlet using the screening, which
can serve to minimize the entry of the waste into the drain. There are 3
Street inlet No. 5 which has the dimensions and the distance between the
same inlet.
In Figure 3.3 and 3.6 can be seen that street is a street inlet inlet open but
street inlet is not covered by trash. There are 6 pieces of street inlets that
have the distance and inlet same street.
Data ini akan dipakai sebagai pembanding hasil perhitungan kami. Perhitungan kami
menggunakan rumus empiris :
280
D S
W
W
S: kemiringan(%)
S D
280

d W: lebar jalan(m)
1/ 2
( D.I )
0.0474 0, 2
S
d:(dkedalaman
.S ) I 0, 2 air pada permukaan jal
2
I
D:0,jarak
0474 D
antar street Inlet (m)

I: intensitas hujan (mm/jam)

Dari perhitungan, didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut :
 BAB IV

PENUTUP

4.1 Kesimpulan

so the conclusion of discussions on the road Sumbersari inlet survey is as

follows

To control the flow of water into the drainage channel inlet need for
planning street on the edge of the road that serves to drain the water
directly on the highway to the drainage channels. Number of inlet, inlet
shape, the dimensions of the inlet, the distance between the inlet, the
slope of the road, the road width and other aspects can affect the flow of
water entering the drainage system.

so that Surface drainage system in the construction of highways generally

serves to:
1) Bringing rainwater from the surface to a drainage jalam
2) Collect Subdrain ground water and surface water from flowing on the
road
3) Bring water to cross the road alignment in a controlled manner

On along this road there are 6 varieties street inlet. Each street inlet size
and the distance between the inlet different street. Our street condition
survey inlet that is open, but there are several covered trash and leaves.
There is little inlet, because the area is a road Sumbersari is shopping
complex, which in roadside street inlet is no longer needed, because the
water will immediately flow into the irrigation channel.