Lecture 20

PH 102: Physics II
Electromagnetism

Tarak N Dey & Bipul Bhuyan

Department of Physics
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

1
Lecture Plan (March - April 2017)
SN Date Topic Reading (From Grif7iths) Lectures

L15 6 March Lorentz Force Law, Biot-Savart Law Sec. 5.1 & 5.2 1

L16 7 March The Divergence and Curl of B Magnetic Vector Potential, Straight-Line Sec 5.3 1
Currents, The Divergence and Curl of B, Applications of Ampere's Law (Friday
time table)
T8 8 March L15+L16

L17 15 March Magnetic Vector Potential and Magnetic dipole (Friday) Sec 5.4 1

L18 16 March Magnetization Sec 6.1 1

Diamagnets, Paramagnets, Ferromagnets, Torques and Forces on Magnetic
Dipoles, Effect of a Magnetic Field on Atomic Orbits

T9 22 March L17+L18

L19 23 March The Field of a Magnetized Object Sec 6.2 1

Bound Currents, Physical Interpretation of Bound Currents, The Magnetic
Field Inside Matter

L20 24 March The Auxiliary Field H Ampere's law in Magnetized Materials, A Deceptive Sec 6.3 & 6.4 1
parallel, Boundary Conditions, Linear & Nonlinear medium

T10 29 March L19+L20

L21 30 March Electromotive Force Sec 7.1 1

Ohm's Law, Electromotive force, Motional emf

L22 31 March Electromagnetic Induction Faraday's Law, The Induced Electric Field, Sec 7.2 1
Inductance, Energy in Magnetic Fields

T11 5 April Quiz II

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Outline of Lecture

Magnetostatics

1. The Auxiliary Field H

2. Linear and Nonlinear Media

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 The Auxiliary Field
Amperes Law in Magnetized Materials

in Electrostatic
! b + f !
E = b = P
0
! ! ! !
D = f D = 0 E + P
in Magnetostaic ! ! !
total current J = Jb + J f

! !
B = 0 J
! ! ! ! !
= 0 ( J b + J f ) ( 1 B M) = J f
! ! 0
= 0 ( M + J f )
Amperes Law ! ! The Auxiliary Field
H = Jf
" " ! 1 ! !
H= B M
# H dI = I
f , enc 0
loop

role
!! !
HD
4
GEx 6.2: A long copper rod of radius R carries a uniformly distributed (free) current I.
Find H inside and outside the rod.
! ! B
H = Jf
M
r<R
R H
r2
H (2 r) = I f ,enc = I
R2
! I r
H=
2 R 2
Amperes loop
rR
H (2 r) = I
r
Jb Kb
! I
H=
2 r
! ! 0 I I
B = 0 H =
I 2 r

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 A Deceptive Parallel
! !
Amperes law B = 0 J
! ! ! !
J J f ; B 0 H

! !
H = Jf

For the curl alone does not determine a vector field, you must know the divergence
as well

! ! !
(
B = 0 H + M )
! ! !
B = 0 but H = M

Only when the divergence of M vanishes is the parallel between B and 0H faithful

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Boundary condition for H !
H
above
B = 0

! ! !
n2 H = 1 B M
A2 0
h

K A1
! !
n1 H = M

H below
! !
H dv = M dv
! !
!

!
H n ds = M n ds
H 1 n1 A1 + H 2 n2 A2 + contribution from walls
! !
=M 1 n1 A1 + M 2 n2 A2 + contribution from walls
! ! ! !
( ) (
n12 H 2 H 1 = n12 M 2 M 1)

H above H below = M above + M below
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 ! !
H = Jf
! ! ! ! ! !
lim f
h0
J
b ds = f
K dl
b
H b ds = " H dl = 0 K f b dl
! ! !
H 1 t1 l1 + H 2 t2 l2 + contribution from ends=K f b l
! ! !
( )
b n12 H 2 H 1 = K f

!
H above
h
K
q2 t n12
!
H below
p2
q1 b

p1

"
H !
above H !
below = K f n

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 linear and Nonlinear Media

! !
in Electrostatic P = 0 e E linear dielectric

Polarization electric susceptibility

! ! !
( E = ) D = E = 0 (1+ e )
0

! 1 !
in Magnetostaic M mB (linear medium)
0
Magnetization Magnetic susceptibility

! !
M = mH

! !
B = 0 J

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 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
H= B M B = 0 ( H + M ) B = 0 ( J f + J b )
0 ! !
! ! ! = 0 ( J f + M )
B=H = 0 (1+ m ) H

= 0 (1+ m ) 1
! ! !
B M = Jf
0
permeability permeability of free space 0 "$# ! $%
H
Magnetic susceptibilities for diamagnetic material @ 1 atm 20C

Material Susceptibility
Bismuth -1.6X10-4
Gold -3.4X10-5
Silver -2.4X10-5
Water -9.0X10-6

Magnetic susceptibilities for paramagnetic material @ 1 atm 20C

Material Susceptibility
Oxygen 1.9X10-6
Sodium 8.5X10-6
Aluminum 2.1X10-5
Tungsten 7.8X10-5
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GEx6.3:An infinite solenoid (n turns per unit length, current I) is filled with linear material
of susceptibility m. Find the magnetic field inside the solenoid.
z

! ! !
(
B = 0 H + M ) !H dl = Ienc
! ! H = NIk
M = mH !
B = 0 (1+ m )NIk
"#
$!$ %
M

N turns per unit length

! !
K b = M n = m NI ( k n)
= m NI

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G6.21(a)Show that the energy of a magnetic dipole in a magnetic field B is U=-m.B
! ! !
F = ( m B)
!
B : external field

! ! r
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
U = F dl = ( m B) dl = m B(r ) + m B()

G6.21(b): Show that the interaction energy of two magnetic dipoles separated
by a displacement r is given by

0 ! ! ! !
3( 1 ( ) ( 2 r ))
U= m m 3 m
r m
4 r
2 1

m1 m2
1 2
r
! 0 ! !
3( ( 2
B2 = 3 m r ) r m2 )
4 r
! !
U = m1 B2
0 ! ! ! !
3( 1
= m m2 3( m1 r ) ( m2 r ))
4 r
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