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3.2.1 Wastewaters
In the production of ethylene oxide, water is one of the by-products generated which is
released as wastewater stream. Wastewaters generated contain a large number of pollutants at
high concentrations and have adverse environmental impacts. The wastewaters contain with
mono ethylene glycol and aldehydes that have high chemical oxygen demand (COD) that
produced by ethylene oxide or ethylene glycol plants.
Sequencing batch reactor known as a flexible and effective system for the biological
treatment of wastewater even though there are high concentrations of toxic compounds
produced. It is a periodically operated which has five discrete periods in each operating cycle
including fill, react, settle, draw, and idle. The reactions start and occur during fill and
reactions are complete during react. After that, the mixed liquor suspended solid are allowed
to separate by sedimentation during settle in a defined time period. During draw process, the
treated effluent is withdrawn. Termed idle is the time period between the end of the draw
process and the beginning of the new fill.
Environmental Quality Act (EQA) is an enabling piece of legislation to prevent, abate and
control pollution, and enhance the environment. As declared in EQA, pollution includes the
direct or indirect alteration of any quality of the environment. Pollution is controlled
through the mechanism of licences issued by the Department of Environment. It is mandatory
for wastewater in urban areas and townships to be treated before discharged it into surface
waters. The laws and regulations listed below have been introduced and are strictly enforced
by the Environmental Quality Act 1974: