Socioeconomic Differences in Health - World Bank 2007

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES IN
HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND POPULATION WITHIN

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
AN OVERVIEW
Davidson R. Gwatkin, Shea Rutstein, Kiersten Johnson,

Eldaw Suliman, Adam Wagstaff, and Agbessi Amouzou
Produced by the World Bank in collaboration with the Government of the Netherlands
and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword I
Socio-Economic Differences in Health, 1

Nutrition, and Population (HNP) within
Developing Countries
Overview Tables 17
A. HNP Status 19
B. HNP Service Use 73
C. HNP-Related Behavior 159
D. Underlying Determinants of HNP Status 207
Annexes 265
A. Indicator Definitions 267
B. Alphabetical Listing of Indicators 281
C. Sources of Additional Information 285
D. About the Authors 287
LIST OF TABLES
Childhood Illness and Mortality

Infant Mortality Rate 21
Under-Five Mortality Rate 23
Prevalence of Fever 25
Prevalence of Diarrhea 27
Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection 29
Fertility
Total Fertility Rate 31
Adolescent Fertility Rate 33
Nutritional Status
Children
Moderate Stunting 35
Severe Stunting 37
Moderate Underweight 39
Severe Underweight 41
Mild Anemia 43
Moderate Anemia 45
Severe Anemia 47
Women
Malnutrition 49
Mild Anemia 51
Moderate Anemia 53
Severe Anemia 55
Female Circumcision
Prevalence of Circumcision
Girls 57
Women 59
Prevalence of Occlusion
Girls 61
Women 63
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Prevalence of Genital Discharge
Women 65
Men 67
Prevalence of Genital Ulcer
Women 69
Men 71
Childhood Immunization
BCG Coverage 75
Measles Coverage 77
DPT Coverage 79
Full Basic Coverage 81
No Basic Coverage 83
Hepatitis B Coverage 85
Yellow Fever Coverage 87
Treatment of Childhood Illnesses

Treatment of Fever
Medical Treatment of Fever 89
Treatment in a Public Facility 91
Treatment in a Private Facility 93
Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infection
Medical Treatment of ARI 95
Treatment of Diarrhea
Use of Oral Rehydration Therapy 101
Medical Treatment of Diarrhea 103
Antenatal and Delivery Care

Antenatal Care Visits
To a Medically-Trained Person 109
To a Doctor 111
To a Nurse or Trained Midwife 113
Multiple Visits to a Medically-Trained Person 115
Antenatal Care Content
Tetanus Toxoid 117
Prophylactic Antimalarial Treatment 119
Iron Supplementation 121
Delivery Attendance
By a Medically-Trained Person 123
By a Doctor 125
By a Nurse or Trained Midwife 127
In a Public Facility 129
In a Private Facility 131
At Home 133
Contraceptive Services
Contraceptive Prevalence
Women 135
Men 137
Source of Contraception - Public Sector
Women 139
Men 141
Source of Contraception - Private Sector
Women 143
Men 145
Treatment of Adult Illnesses

Treatment of Genital Discharge, Ulcer, Sore
Women 147
Men 149
In Public Facilities
Women 151
Men 153
Voluntary Counseling and Testing for HIV/AIDS
Women 155
Men 157
Hygienic Practices
Disposal of Children's Stools
Sanitary Disposal 161
Handwashing
Wash Hands prior to Preparing Food 163
Handwashing Facilities in Household 165
Bednet Ownership and Use

Bednet Ownership
Bednet Ownership 167
Treated Bednet Ownership 169
Bednet Use
By Children 171
By Pregnant Women 173
Breastfeeding
Exclusive Breastfeeding 175
Timely Complementary Feeding 177
Bottle-Feeding 179
Micronutrient Consumption
Iodized Salt
Availability of Iodized Salt in Household 181
Vitamin A
Children 183
Women 185
Tobacco and Alcohol Use
Tobacco
Women 187
Men 189
Alcohol
Women 191
Men 193
Sexual Practices
Non-Regular Sexual Partnerships
Women 195
Men 197
Condom Usage with Non-Regular Partner
Women 199
Men 201
Domestic Violence
Ever Experienced Violence 203
Experienced Violence in Past Year 205
Education
School Completion
Women 209
Men 211
School Participation
Girls 213
Boys 215
Exposure to Mass Media

Newspaper Readership
Women 217
Men 219
Radio Listenership
Women 221
Men 223
Television Viewership
Women 225
Men 227
Knowledge and Attitudes about HIV/AIDS

Knowledge about Sexual Transmission of HIV/AIDS
Women 229
Men 231
Knowledge about Mother-to-Child Transmission
Of HIV/AIDS
Women 233
Men 235
Attitudes toward HIV/AIDS
Women 237
Men 239
Status of Women
Household Decisionmaking
Can Seek Own Health Care 241
Can Seek Children's Health Care 243
Can Make Daily Household Purchases 245
Can Make Large Household Purchases 247
Can Make Meal-Related Decisions 249
Freedom of Movement
Can Travel to Visit Family, Relatives 251
Other Decisionmaking, Attitudes
Can Decide How to Spend Own Money 253
Can Decide Whether to Have Sex 255
Justifies Domestic Violence 257
Orphanhood
Paternal Orphan Prevalence 259
Maternal Orphan Prevalence 261
Double Orphan Prevalence 263
FOREWORD
The World Bank shares the desire of its member states and client countries to ensure that the poor
partake fully in the health gains that the countries achieve. To assist in this, the Bank, in
collaboration with the Dutch and Swedish Governments, has sponsored this report in order to
promote basic information about health inequalities within countries.
The information shows clearly that disparities in both health conditions and health service use are
unacceptably large. As countries and the Bank work to reduce important inequalities among
regions and countries, there is a clear need for equally vigorous efforts to lessen the inequity
represented by intra-country differences among socio-economic groups.
My colleagues and I hope that all concerned with equity in health will find this information useful
in making the case for effective actions to improve the health of the poor, and in designing
programs to achieve this crucial objective.
Joy Phumaphi
Vice President
Human Development Network
The World Bank
I
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND
POPULATION WITHIN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
I. I NTRODUCTION
The contents of this volume summarize the large body of data produced by a project dealing with
socio-economic inequalities in health, nutrition, and population (hnp) within fifty-six developing
countries. The data are intended to serve as a source of basic information for use in preparing
analyses and developing initiatives to benefit poor people.
At the volumes core are the overview tables in the following section. Each overview table
provides figures dealing with inequalities across economically-defined quintiles of the population
for a single hnp indicator for all of the fifty-six countries covered. The 120 indicators presented
are in four categories: health status (such as infant and child mortality, child nutritional level, and
fertility); use of basic health services (immunization, treatment of common childhood illnesses,
antenatal care, and assisted delivery); health-related behaviors (e.g., smoking and alcohol use and
sexual practices); and other health-status determinants (like education).
By pulling together data on a single indicator in all countries, the overview tables are intended to
facilitate cross-country comparisons for particular indicators. They complement the tables
featured in a companion set of reports that present this (and much more) information for all
indicators in a single country.
The purpose of this opening chapter is to explain how data appearing in the overview tables and
in the individual country reports came into being, and how they can be used to help shape policies
and programs. To this end, it deals with four topics. The first is the rationale for the tables focus
on the economic dimension of health inequalities. The second is the source of the data and the
methods used to produce the tables. Third comes illustrations of how the information presented
in the tables can be used to facilitate health policy and program development. The fourth shows
how the techniques used in producing the information can be used to monitor how well or poorly
programs or policies have reached the poor.
II. EXAMINING E CONOMIC I NEQUALITIES IN HEALTH
Why Focus on Economic Inequalities?

By including tables on female -male and rural-urban inequalities in its country reports, the project
covered by this volume pays adequate attention to two of health inequitys many important non-
economic dimensions to justify the use socio-economic rather than just economic in the title.
However, the focus is on health inequitys economic dimension.
The justification for this focus lies not in the greater importance of health inequalitys economic
dimension than of its many other, equally important manifestations. Rather, it results from two
other factors. The first is the earlier neglect of the economic dimension, relative to such further
important aspects as gender, because of measurement difficulties. The second is the recent
discovery that these difficulties can be overcome by using wealth or assets to measure economic
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status. This has made it possible to begin redressing that earlier relative neglect, which is the
purpose of this volume and the country reports that underlie it.
The Earlier Reliance on Proxies, and on Consumption/Expenditures

Previously, assessment of economic inequalities in health had been hindered by the well-known
difficulty of measuring income, traditionally the preferred indicator of economic status. While
the gender and perhaps the race of an individual are usually rather obvious, her or his income can
be much more difficult to assess. Further, (s)he may often be more reluctant to reveal his or her
income than, say, his/her religion or occupation.
The resulting problem usually had been addressed by using a proxy for income, such as
occupation or educational level. However, such proxies have all had widely-recognized
limitations. For example, neither occupation nor educational level is purely economic. In many,
perhaps all, societies, occupation conveys a degree of social status in and of itself; and to the
extent that it does, ordering of occupations reflects more the societys outlook and prejudices than
it does empirically-verifiable economic status. The educated person is often respected for her or
his erudition, regardless of whether that erudition is accompanied by higher income.
Beyond this is a technical difficulty that limits the value of findings expressed in terms of such
proxies. The problem is that such proxies often divide the population into groups of very
different size, which can complicate interpretation. This is especially the case in comparing
countries where the distributions of people across the categories available can differ widely, or in
comparing the status of a given population group at different points in time within the same
country. For example, the percentage of adults without any education almost inevitably declines
as a country develops, and the proportion who has secondary and tertiary education rises. As a
result, an inter-temporal comparison showing, say, no change in the health status of uneducated
or well-educated people would be incomplete because of its failure to show the potentially-
significant improvement represented by the decline of the former group and the rise of the latter
as a percentage of the population.
To some degree, such difficulties have been overcome by turning to consumption or expenditures
rather than income as indicators of economic status. These successfully avoid the main problems
of proxy indicators just noted. Since people are usually less reluctant to talk about
consumption/expenditures than about income, they also largely circumvent the sensitivity
problems associated with the collection of income data.
But consumption and expenditure measures have problems of their own. The principal one is the
large amount of time, effort, and expense to gather acceptably reliable data. The issue is that
people often fail to keep track of their consumption or expenditures; and, in low-income
countries, many of these entail difficult-to-value, in-kind transactions not involving cash.
Experience gained over the past two or three decades has led to the development of observational
techniques and survey questions capable of dealing with this issue. But they usually require a
great deal of time to administer, and are thus expensive. For example, the core module of the
World Banks Living Standards Measurement Surveys (LSMS), a leading global
consumption/expenditure program, typically takes over an hour to complete. A module of such
length cannot practically be added to a survey dealing with some other issue like health, whose
core questionnaires already approach the maximum feasible length.
The Shift to Wealth and Assets

The resulting impasse was broken in the late 1990s, with the finding that information about
readily-observable household characteristics like type of roof and floor and possessions such as
bicycles and radios could substitute reasonably well for consumption data. Experimentation with
household survey data sets containing information about both consumption/expenditures and
household characteristics and possessions found that an index constructed from the different
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housing characteristics and possessions generally produced about the same results as the
consumption or expenditure measures.1 It thus became possible to think of using such an index
of household characteristics, now commonly known as a wealth or asset index, as an acceptably
reliable proxy for consumption and thus for economic status more generally.2
This finding has permitted assessment of health status, service use, and related factors by
economic level using the voluminous data collected over the years through a wide range of health
surveys that also contain information about household characteristics but not about consumption
or expenditures. In addition, it made possible the measurement of economic disparities through
future household surveys on health. Previously, the hour or more needed to collect acceptably
reliable consumption or expenditure information, when added to the time needed to gather
information on health topics of primary interest, pushed the total survey instrument length far
over the upper limit of practicality. But the typical asset questions can be asked and answered in
less than five minutes, which can be added much more easily. Further, many of the items covered
in the asset questionnaire, such as houses construction material and household members
physical possessions, can be independently verified through investigators independent
observation, thereby increasing reliability.
The overall outcome has been a sharp increase in the potential for examining economic disparities
in health, both through reanalysis of data collected by previous health surveys and through the
improved design of future surveys. Thus far, a significant beginning has been made toward
realizing this potential,3 but much more still remains to be done.
III. PRODUCING THE DATA PRESENTED IN THIS VOLUME4
The Data and Methods Used

The tables in this volume have been derived through the former of the two approaches just noted:
that is, through a reanalysis of data collected in previous health surveys. Specifically, the tables
result from applying the asset or wealth approach for measuring economic status to household
data collected by the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program.
1
See, for example, Deon Filmer and Lant H. Pritchett, Estimating Wealth Effects without Expenditure or Tears: An
Application to Educational Enrollments in States of India, Demography 38 (February 2001): 115-32; Shea Rutstein
and Kiersten Johnson, The DHS Wealth Index, DHS Comparative Reports No. 6 (Calverton, Maryland, USA: ORC
Macro, August 2004): esp. 10-14; Adam Wagstaff and Naoko Watanabe, What Difference Does the Choice of SES
Make in Health Inequality Measurement? Health Economics 12 (2003): 885-90.
2
Also accompanying this finding was the realization that wealth in itself might be considered as valid a measure of
economic status as income or consumption/expenditures. This has some practical advantages, since wealth measured
in terms of items like those typically included in a wealth or asset index tends to be much more stable over time than
income and possibly expenditures as well. But it also raises awkward questions of which items should be included in
an index of wealth per se. These would not necessarily be those appearing in the data sets thus far collected through
the DHS or other health surveys, since those items were included primarily for other reasons and found to be related to
consumption only after the fact. But just what they should be remains far from clear, in part because the determination
depends heavily on the conceptual issue of what one means by wealth. For example, is wealth to be simply an
economic definition, or a broader one that includes such things as a circle of loving family and friends and other factors
that contribute to a satisfying life? In the absence of agreement on questions like this one, a wealth or asset index is
more safely viewed as a proxy for income, consumption, or expenditures than as a measure of wealth in itself.
3
See, for example, the references in annex C to sources of additional information on economic inequalities in health
available for DHS surveys, UNICEF MICS surveys, and the WHO World Health Survey.
4
The material presented in this section summarizes the contents of the chapters in the country reports that outline the
data and methods used and that discuss the many nuances involved in using them. Readers wishing fuller detail are
invited to consult those chapters, which can be found immediately following the basic tables in any country report.
(The individual country reports are available at: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth/countrydata.)
-3-
The DHS program, undertaken by Macro International with support from the U.S. Agency for
International Development and other organizations, has conducted surveys in approximately
seventy-five countries across Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and the former Soviet
Union. The surveys have typically covered between five- and twenty-thousand households. In
many countries, there have been several surveys at different points in time.
A similar questionnaire has been used in all the surveys. Its focus has been on fertility and on
maternal and child health. It does not normally collect information about income or about
consumption/expenditures. However, it does include at least 25-30 (and often many more)
questions about household characteristics and possessions: materials used for house floors, walls,
and roofs; source of water like a stream, open well, or piped system; and presence of durable
possessions like a fan, radio, radio receiver, watch, bicycle, or automobile; and other attributes
related to economic status.
Responses to questions like these served as the basis for constructing a single, consolidated index
of living standards, using principal components analysis (PCA) to generate a weight for each item
covered by the questions. A wealth index score was calculated for each household by weighting
the response with respect to each item pertaining to that household by the coefficient of the first
principal component, and summing the outcomes. The resulting household scores were
standardized in relation to a standard normal distribution with a mean of zero and a standard
deviation of one.
All individuals usually present in each household were assigned the households standardized
wealth index score, and all individuals in the sample population were ranked according to that
score. The sample population was then divided into quintiles of individuals, with all individuals
in a single household being assigned to the same quintile.
Nuances Affecting the Interpretation of Findings

As is inevitably the case with rather complex computational procedures, those just described
involve a number of difficult decisions introducing nuances that need to be appreciated in
interpreting the figures presented. Among the more noteworthy are the selection of items to
include in the wealth index, and the presentation of findings in terms of quintiles.
The approach taken to selecting items for inclusion in the wealth index was pragmatic rather than
conceptual. It involved including all items in each DHS household questionnaire that related to
household goods, dwelling construction, and access to services and resources like electricity,
water, and sanitation. The principal advantage of including so many indicators is that use of a
large number of assets increases the degree of variation across household wealth scores and
facilitates a more regular distribution of individuals across quintiles. It also reduces the
possibility of subjectivity in selecting only some of the variables a priori; and it may increase the
wealth indexs accuracy as a proxy for consumption. However, such a rather opportunistic
approach is far from satisfying conceptually. For instance, it involves the use of information
collected by the DHS for purposes other than that of wealth measurement; and it includes access
to publicly-provided services like electricity, water, and sanitation that some might argue do not
belong in an index that purports to measure private household wealth.
The findings have been presented in terms of quintiles in line with a long tradition of economic
inequality research where the measure of choice is deciles, with quintiles as an acceptable
substitute, when needed to produce statistically significant outcomes in cases where the number
of observations is inadequate for expression in deciles. Use of this measure introduces several
nuances. One concerns the expression of findings in terms of groups of equal size; the other is
the choice of individuals as the basis for these groups.
-4-
Reliance on groups of equal size whether, deciles, quintiles, or some other number implicitly
incorporates a relative concept of poverty. This differs from an absolute concept, under which
the population would be divided into groups of different sizes according to some absolute
standard (such as people earning less than one dollar a day, between one and two dollars a day,
and more than two dollars a day). The difference has implications for cross-country and inter-
temporal comparisons.
When comparing values of an indicator among people in a given quintile across countries, the
comparison is between groups of people whose economic status can be quite different. The
lowest quintile of a Latin American population, for example, will usually be considerably better
off than the lowest quintile of an African country. The same issue arises when comparing the
health status of any given quintile within a particular country over time. For instance, when a
country is progressing economically, the wealth of households in the population will tend to
increase, and the average asset score in most, possibly all, population quintiles will rise. As a
result, the living standard enjoyed by individuals in any quintile covered by a recent survey is
likely to be higher than that of individuals in the same quintile as measured in a prior survey.
Presentation of findings in terms of groups specifically, quintiles of individuals means that the
figures presented will differ from those expressed in terms of, say, quintiles of households or
quintiles of people at risk.5 Because fertility is normally higher in lower economic households
than among better-off ones, the number of individuals per household will frequently be larger
among the poor than among higher-income groups. In such cases, the number of households will
vary systematically across quintiles, with larger numbers in the higher than in the lower quintiles
of individuals. Also the proportion of individuals at risk is likely to vary across quintiles of
individuals. For instance, where fertility is higher among poor people, a higher-than-average
proportion of poor quintiles will consist of newborns at risk for infant mortality, young people
subject to malnutrition, and pregnant women for whom antenatal care is relevant.6
A Final Caveat
Finally, at the risk of stating the obvious, it is important to be aware that the results presented are
no more than descriptive, and cannot legitimately be taken to imply a direct causal relationship
between wealth and health for several reasons. One is the possibility that it is not wealth or asset
possession per se that determines a persons health condition. Rather, the determining factors
could be other characteristics, such as education or ethnic background, that are simultaneously
associated with both asset ownership and health. It is also possible that the health-poverty
relationships are driven by particular items included in the index (e.g., water and sanitation).
Should this be the case, improvements in the health conditions among the poor might be more
effectively brought about by focusing on changing those particular components of the wealth
index rather than by a general effort to increase economic status as measured by the index as a
whole.
5
i.e., Quintiles of people subject to a particular condition, eligible for a particular service, or capable of behaving in a
particular way quintiles of children born alive for infant and under-five mortality, of example; or quintiles of adult
men and women for condom use.
6
To facilitate the work of any investigators wishing to undertake calculations based on people at risk, the number of
such people in each quintile of individuals is shown in each country report. (These appear in section III.A in country
reports covering only one survey; in sections IV.A and V.A in reports dealing with two surveys; and in sections V.A,
VI.A, and VII.A in reports covering three surveys. The reports can be found at www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth/
countrydata.)
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IV. USING THE DATA TO INFORM POLICY AND PROGRAM DESIGN
In their present form, the figures appearing in this volume constitute no more than raw material.
Their significance for any particular country, issue, or program will require a much more careful
review than is possible here: The purpose of this volume is to enable and inspire readers to
undertake such reviews on their own, in order to assess and call attention to the figures
implications for their particular situations.
It is, however, possible and perhaps useful to provide a few general illustrations to show how the
figures can be applied. Thus, what follows will feature three illustrative cases. Two concern the
present (or, more accurately, the recent past); the third deals with the future.
The Poor Fare Worse

The first illustration is a broad generalization that constitutes the main message of this volume:
The poor fare worse than the better-off almost everywhere and with respect to nearly every
indicator covered. The degree of inequality varies, sometimes widely, from country to country
and from indicator to indicator; but the direction of the trend across economic groups is almost
always clear.
Figures one and two illustrate the point by presenting the data of seven typical indicators, three of
hnp status, and four of hnp determinants (two of health service use, two of indirect determinants).
For each indicator, the figures presented are the unweighted averages for as many of the fifty-six
countries covered as had data available.7 For ease of comparison and understanding, the findings
have all been expressed in relative terms, with the level prevailing in the poorest quintile set at
1.0 and the rates in the other quintiles stated as a fraction or multiple of that.
Figure 1. Economic Inequalities with Respect to Selected Indicators of HNP Status
1.2
1.0
Infant and Child
0.8 Mortality
Malnutrition
0.6
Fertility
0.4
0.2
0.0
Poorest 20% Middle 20% Best-Off
20%
7
Fifty-six countries for infant and child mortality, fertility, and antenatal care; fifty-five countries for immunization,
radio listenership, and school participation; and, fifty countries for malnutrition.
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Figure 2. Economic Inequalities with Respect to Selected Indicators of HNP Status Determinants
2.0
1.9
Antenatal Care
1.8
1.7 Immunization
1.6 School
1.5 Participation
Radio Listernship
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
Poorest 20% Middle 20% Best-Off 20%
Two related conclusions emerge:

The health of the poor is notably worse than that of the better-off. All three
indicators of poor hnp status (under-five mortality, malnutrition, and fertility8) in figure one
decline steadily across economic quintiles. On average, they are roughly half as high in the best-
off 20 percent of the population as in the poorest 20 percent, indicating that the poor suffer
around twice as much as the best-off in each case. This basic pattern of lower hnp status among
the poor than among the better-off is found in all countries for malnutrition and fertility, and all
but one country for under-five mortality.
The poor use health services less, have less adequate health-related behaviors, and
are disadvantaged with respect to other determinants of health status. All four determinants of
hnp status covered in figure two (antenatal care, immunization, school participation, and radio
listenership9) rise steadily across the economic quintiles. The levels range from around one and a
half to nearly two times as high among the best-off 20 percent of the population as in the poorest
20 percent. (An important exception: breastfeeding, where rates among the poorest 20 percent
are usually at least as high as among the highest 20 percent, and often higher.10)
8
Figures for infant and child mortality refer to the under-five mortality rate; for malnutrition, they are based on data for
moderate plus severe stunting; the total fertility rate is the indicator of fertility employed. (See annex A for fuller
definitions.)
9
Antenatal care figures are based on data for one or more visits to any trained medical person (other than trained
traditional midwives); immunization figures refer to full basic coverage; radio listenership figures are averages for
males and females; school participation refers to primary school attendance by boys and girls of the appropriate age.
(Fuller definitions appear in annex A.)
10
For instance, exclusive breastfeeding of infants up to three months of age is substantially higher among lower
economic groups than among higher ones in all regions except Sub-Saharan Africa, where the rates are approximately
equal across economic classes. (In contrast, bottle-feeding of infants is notably higher among economic groups in
almost all countries, including those of Sub-Saharan Africa.)
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At one level, these findings are hardly surprising. To many readers of this volume, it will seem
obvious that conditions are worse among the poor than among the better-off. But those readers
will almost surely constitute an unrepresentative sample of the global health policy community, a
sample self-selected on the basis on their greater-than-average concern for health inequalities and
health equity. It is to be hoped that the findings and data provided will prove useful to them as
hitherto-unavailable basic information that can be used to raise awareness of health inequalities,
especially among opinion leaders and policymakers in a position to alleviate them.
The Poor Gain Less from Primary Care Than Do the Better-Off
The second illustration concerns the coverage of basic health services among the poor and better-
off. Such basic services as immunization, antenatal care, and treatment of simple illnesses by
community health workers have long been at the core of the primary health care approach,
espoused since the late 1970s and early 1980s by WHOs high-profile health for all movement
and UNICEFs equally prominent child survival revolution. Both these initiatives were
strongly committed to reaching disadvantaged population groups, and relied centrally on primary
care in large part because of the potential it was thought to have for overcoming the limitations
that higher-level care programs suffered in this regard.
The data presented in this volume, collected mostly some 20-25 years after the launch of the two
initiatives, provide a sense of how well primary care has lived up to the expectations of its
sponsors. A summary of the record, in the form of data for coverage among the poorest and best-
off 20 percent of the population, appears in figure three.
Figure 3. Coverage Rates among the Poorest and Best-Off 20 Percent of the Population
In Low- and Middle-Income Countries
100
90 Poorest 20% of
Population
80
70 Best-Off 20% of
Population
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Antenatal Care Oral Rehydration Immunization Med. Treatment of Att. Delivery Med. Treatment of Contraceptive Use
Thereapy Ac. Res. Inf. Fever
The data are provided for the seven representative basic maternal and health services for which
information is available: antenatal care; use of oral rehydration therapy; immunization; medical
treatment for childhood acute respiratory infection and fever; contraceptive use; and attended
deliveries.11
11
Antenatal care figures are based on data for one or more visits to any trained medical person (other than trained
traditional midwives); figures for oral rehydration therapy immunization include all liquids; immunization figures refer
to full basic coverage; figures for medical treatment of fever and acute respiratory infection include visits to any type of
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The overall picture is sobering. For each of these basic services, coverage among the poor is
notably lower than that among the better-off. The range is between oral rehydration, where the
differences are relatively modest (on the order of just under 15 percentage points or around 25
percent), and attended deliveries, for which the disparities are far larger (by almost 50 percentage
points, so that the rate among the best-off is well over twice that among the poorest). More
careful assessment, based in statistical indices that include all five population quintiles, rather
than simply the bottom and top ones, confirms this overall picture.12
There is, to be sure, considerable variation among countries with regard to any particular service;
and in some ways, this variation can be as interesting as is the overall picture. For instance, with
regard to each service there is at least one country with (slightly) higher coverage among the
poorest 20 percent than among the best-off 20 percent; and for one service oral rehydration
six of the fifty-six countries recorded higher use among the poor. Antenatal care is noteworthy
for the relatively high overall level of coverage achieved among the poorest (62 percent), which is
attributable in part to the far higher coverage among the poorest achieved in Sub-Saharan Africa
(64 percent) than in some of the other regions, such as South Asia (27 percent). For most
services, economic disparities across economic groups are smaller in the countries of the former
Soviet Union than elsewhere. This is particularly true with respect to attended deliveries.
Oral rehydration therapy is also of interest because of the high level of coverage achieved among
the poorest 20 percent of the countries population: over 55 percent on average. In almost all
major parts of the developing world, around one-half of all cases of diarrhea among children in
the poorest 20 percent of the population is being treated with some kind of oral liquid regime.
Given the difficulty of reaching such poor groups, this is a noteworthy achievement for a
technology that had existed for only around 20-25 years at the time the data were collected. Yet
even in this case of a technology developed with the needs of the poor particularly in mind, the
uptake has been greater among the upper classes. And while the poor have been served, half have
not; and given the slow rate of recent increase in overall rehydration coverage,13 there is little
indication that they will be in the foreseeable future.
All in all, the basic services portrayed in figure three appear to have reached the poor at least
somewhat better than the higher-level services that they were intended to replace. For example,
in the seven countries cited in a recent World Bank study,14 an average of about 12 percent of
benefits from primary care went to the poorest 20 percent of the population, compared with
around 29 percent going to the best-off 20 percent, a ratio of 0.41. In comparison, the low-high
ratio for hospital expenditures in those countries was on the order of 0.24 (with just under 10
percent of benefits accruing to the poorest 20 percent of the population, compared with about 41
percent going to the best-off 20 percent). An earlier study from Africa produced similar results.15
medical facility or provider; attended delivery data are based on services provided by any trained medical person
(excluding trained traditional midwives); contraceptive use refers to use of modern contraceptive methods by women.
(Fuller definitions are available in annex A.) Data are available from fifty-six countries for antenatal care, oral
rehydration therapy, attended delivery, and contraceptive use; fifty-five countries for immunization; and fifty-three
countries for the medical treatment of fever and acute respiratory infection.
12
For instance, the value of the concentration index is positive for almost all services and countries, indicating an
inequality in favor of the better-off.
13
Birger Carl Forsberg et al., Diarrhea Case Management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries An Unfinished
Agenda, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85 (January 2007): 42-49.
14
Deon Filmer, Who Benefits from Public Spending: Patterns from Static Expenditure Analysis, Paper presented to
the Global Conference on Reaching the Poor, Washington, D.C., February 2004.
15
Florencia Castro-Leal, Julia Dayton, Lionel Demery, and Kalpana Mehra, Public Spending on Health Care in
Africa: Do the Poor Benefit?, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 87 (January 2000): 66-74.
-9-
However, the low coverage rates among the poorest 20 percent for most services covered in
figure three, and the notably smaller benefit accruing to this poor group relative to the better-off,
make it clear that any gains among the poor have been much less than anticipated. Country
governments and donor agencies alike will have do far better if they are serious about their stated
goal of overcoming health inequalities.
The Poor Will Not Necessarily Share Fully in Future Health Improvements
The two examples provided thus far illustrate how the data in this volume can be used in their
present form to assess health policies and programs. This third illustration shows how the data
can serve as the basis for further calculations to help judge and design additional health
initiatives.
The illustration concerns the degree of benefit that the poor might derive from efforts to
accelerate the pace of health improvement over the years ahead. The focus is on the case of the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) principal child health objective, which calls for a two-
thirds reduction in the under-five mortality rate by 2015.
That objective is stated in terms of an average of all economic groups. This leaves open the
possibility that groups might move at different paces toward it; and that, upon the goals
attainment, the degree of improvement experienced by the different groups might vary greatly.
Calculations based on the data presented here can show just how large this variation might be,
and the resulting implications for the poor of adopting different MDG attainment strategies.
The starting point is the mid-1990s distribution of under-five mortality for all fifty-six countries
covered, as shown in the set of bars on the left side of figure four. As can be seen there, the
under-five mortality rate among the poorest 20 percent was 135.4 per 1000 live births. From
there, it descended regularly across economic groups, reaching a level of around 73.5, roughly
half as high, among the best-off 20 percent. The average was 115.2.
Figure 4. Under-Five Mortality Rates among Different Quintiles of the Population

In 56 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
160
140
120 Poorest 20%
100 Second 20%
80 Middle 20%
Fourth 20%
60
Best-Off 20%
40
20
0
Mid-1990s Upon MDG Attainment
- 10 -
Meeting the MDGs child health objective would require a decline in that average by two-thirds,
to 38.4. Were all groups to benefit equally in progress toward this goal, the under-five rate in
each economic quintile would record the same two-thirds reduction as the overall average. The
result of such a scenario is shown through the set of bars on the right side of figure four. From
those bars, it can be seen that the under-five mortality rate among the poorest 20 percent of the
population would end up at 45.1.
However, this is not preordained, for many other distributional outcomes are possible, with
differing implications for the poor. Figure five presents outcomes for the poorest 20 percent of
the population according to five different scenarios. All the scenarios are consistent with
achieving the MDG target of a two-thirds reduction in the under-five mortality rate in the
population as a whole, and attainment of an overall population rate of 38.4. The scenarios are:
Equal (percentage) decline in all groups, referred to above.
Faster decline among the better-off. This assumes that under-five mortality falls by
90 percent among the best-off quintile, 85 percent among the next quintile, 80 percent among the
middle quintile, and 75 percent among the next-poorest quintile. The under-five mortality in the
poorest quintile is then calculated as the residual that is, the level that would produce an overall
population average the same as the 38.4 attained in the population as a whole upon achievement
of the MDG.
Faster decline among the poor. This is the mirror image of the scenario just
presented: Under it, under-five mortality would decline by 90 percent among the poorest 20
percent of the population, by 85 percent for the next-poorest 20 percent of the population, and so
on. The rate among the best-off 20 percent is the residual.
Much faster decline among the better-off. Here, the assumption is that under-five
mortality among the top quintile would fall to the lowest possible attainable level, set at 7 per
1000 live births, the same as achieved in the most advanced countries. After that, the second-
highest quintile would decline to that same level, then the middle quintile, and so on. Only after
the other quintiles had fallen as far as possible is the level among the poorest quintiles calculated,
as the residual consistent with a population average rate of 38.4.
Much faster decline among the poor. This is the opposite of the preceding scenario:
The under-five mortality rate among the poorest, rather than among the best-off, would decline
first, by the maximum possible amount to 7 per 1000 live births. Then the next-poorest quintile
would experience the largest possible decline, followed by the middle quintile. The rates among
the highest quintiles are then established at the levels consistent with the 38.4 population average
rate.
The range of possible outcomes for the poorest 20 percent of the population produced by these
scenarios, as displayed in figure five is clearly very broad. Although the average under-five
mortality level (38.4) is the same according to all five scenarios shown, the height of the bars
representing conditions among the poorest 20 percent declines sharply from left to right, from the
scenario that is least favorable to them to the one that is most favorable. The least favorable
scenario produces an outcome (135.4). This is the same as the baseline level among the poorest
20 percent, pointing to the possibility of achieving the child mortality MDG without any
improvement at all among members of this group. It is also over 100 points and nearly twenty
times as large as the outcome resulting from the most favorable scenario (7.0).
- 11 -
Figure 5. Under-Five Mortality Rates among the Poorest Quintile of the Population
Upon Attaining the Millenium Development Goal
Of Two-Thirds Overall Reduction
Under Alternative Distributional Scenarios
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Much Faster Decline Faster Decline Equal Decline in All Faster Decline Much Faster Decline
among Better-Off among Better-Off Groups among Poor among Poor
To be sure, the range of differences in the real world may well be less dramatic than that
suggested in figure five.16 Yet even if the range of plausible outcomes is only, say, a third to a
half of that shown in figure five, it is still very large. Further, there are several reasons for
believing that, in the absence of more effective concern about health conditions among
disadvantaged groups, an outcome toward the end of the range unfavorable to the poor is
considerably more likely than a result favoring them. One is that the focus on goals expressed in
terms of societal averages, which gives an incentive to health policymakers and program
administrators to concentrate on the better-off, who are usually much easier to reach than the
poor. Other reasons include the difficulty thus far experienced in reaching the poor with basic
health services, as shown in the two preceding illustrations. The widespread lack of awareness
concerning these difficulties provides little basis for optimism that there will soon be vigorous
efforts to overcome them. More generally, the difficulties suggest the validity of the inverse
equity hypothesis, which posits that programs tend to reach primarily upper-income groups until
such time as they have gained the maximum feasible benefit, and only then spread to the poor.17
In brief, this illustration demonstrates that the standard practice of stating health goals in terms of
population-wide average rates provides little assurance that the poor will share fully in progress
toward them. The poor stand to benefit more from progress toward objectives set in distributional
terms say, a specified degree of improvement among the poorest 20 percent of the population,
or a specified amount of reduction in the disparity between the lowest and highest population
groups.
16
However, the range is not nearly the widest possible one. With the most extreme scenarios presented in table five,
the worst that happens to any group is stagnation at its starting level. At least in principle, overall progress could occur
with rises in some groups, offset by larger-than-shown declines in others.
17
Cesar G. Victora et al., Explaining Trends in Inequities: Evidence from Brazilian Child Health Studies,
The Lancet 356 (2000): 1093-98.
- 12 -
V. USING THE APPROACH AND DATA TO MONITOR PROGRAM PROGRESS
The three illustrations just provided are admittedly rather general. More specific ones can be
developed by using the data for individual regions or countries; but there are significant limits to
the degree of specificity that can be achieved. In particular, the figures presented here are only
rarely capable of addressing an issue frequently of special interest to policymakers and program
administrators: the distribution of benefits from the specific programs or projects for which they
are responsible.
However, it is possible to build upon the approach used in this volume to examine how well
specific activities reach the poor. To be sure, thorough evaluations can require considerable time
and effort, as will be discussed further below. But much simpler, less rigorous monitoring
techniques exist that can often provide potentially useful information quickly and at low cost.
Here are two examples:
Basic Monitoring of Nationwide Facility-Based Programs

The economic distribution of patients in a nationwide, facility-based program (say, a network of
rural health posts, antenatal care clinics, emergency obstetric facilities, or hospitals) in a given
country can be determined through an exit survey, using the asset/wealth questionnaire and
quintile cut-off points provided in annex B of each country report.18 The questionnaire can be
employed to measure the respondents economic status. The set of cut-off points can serve to
compare the distribution of the respondents economic status with that of the nationally-
representative sample of people interviewed by the DHS survey on which the country reports and
this overview volume are based.
The first step in such a monitoring exercise is to use the questionnaire in interviewing an
adequately-large sample of patients attending the facility-based services of interest. The
asset/wealth score for each patient can then be calculated by multiplying the response to each
question by the item scores also provided on the questionnaire, and summing the results. After
this has been done, the quintile cut-off points can be used to place each individual in the
economic quintile to which (s)he belongs. The number of patients and percentage of total
patients in each quintile can then be calculated.
Since each quintile defined by the cut-off points contains 20 percent of the individuals in the
nationally-representative DHS sample, the patients belonging to any such quintile containing
significantly more (or less) than 20 percent of the total are over- (under-) represented relative to
the national population. When the percentage of patients in each of the five quintiles is viewed as
a whole, the result is a frequency distribution that indicates the spread of service beneficiaries
across economic classes of individuals.19 For example:
A service that favors the poorest people would have substantially more than 20
percent of its patients in each of the lowest economic quintiles; considerably less than 20 percent
of its patients in each of the highest quintiles.
A service that reaches all economic classes equally would draw roughly the same
proportion of total patients from the lower and upper quintiles.
A service that favors the least poor population groups would have well over 20
percent of its patients in each of the highest one or two quintiles, considerably less than 20
percent of its patients in each of the lowest quintiles.
18
As indicated earlier, all country reports may be accessed at: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth/countrydata.
19
That is, across economic classes of all individuals in the sample population. Estimates pertaining to quintiles of only
those individuals needing services require adjusting the results of the procedure described here through application of
the relevant quintile-specific, sample-size figures appearing in the report on the country concerned.
- 13 -
Fuller Monitoring of Facility-Based and Other Programs
While capable of providing far more information than currently exists about the distribution of a
programs beneficiaries, the approach just described cannot deal with all situations. For example,
it is unable to deal with the many important types of health programs that do not deliver services
primarily through facilities, such as mass media health education, household visits by health
workers, and many social marketing initiatives. It is also limited in its ability to assess programs
working only in certain areas within a country: It can compare the economic status of the
programs beneficiaries with that of the national population, but not with that of the specific sub-
national areas where the programs are active. Further, it focuses primarily on only one of the two
important dimensions of monitoring the distribution of program beneficiaries: that is, incidence
or focus the percentage of program benefits that flow to the poor. It cannot deal nearly so well
with the second dimension, which concerns coverage, or the percentage of the poor that the
program reaches.
These limitations can be overcome by a modified version of the approach described above that
relies on a household rather than facility-based survey. A household survey can generate a set of
data containing the full range of information needed to produce an equity assessment by
collecting two types of data: first, about the households wealth or assets, using the questions in
the left-hand column of the questionnaire shown in annex B of each country report;20 and second,
about the household members use of or exposure to the services provided by the program(s) of
interest. The collected data can be analyzed in either (or both) of two ways, depending on the
type of information desired:
One way would be to use only data from the household survey. The procedure would
be analogous to that for a DHS survey employed in this report:
Asset information from the survey-generated data set would be used as
the basis for the construction of an asset/wealth index, weighting the individual items
using some method like principal components analysis.
The individuals in the sample would be ranked in order of the index
values for their households, then divided into groups like quintiles.
The coverage rates in each quintile for the service of interest would be
calculated.
Alternatively, the weights for each item appearing in the questionnaire of a country
report in this series can be used to determine the wealth of each individual, instead of calculating
the weights from the new household data set. Once the individuals wealth is determined, the
individuals would be ranked, divided into quintiles, and the coverage rate in each quintile would
be calculated. In the case of programs undertaken in only one region of the country, it would
provide a comparison of the economic status of the people served with that of the entire country
rather than of only the region where the programs are active;21 in the case of nationwide as well
as smaller area activities, it would permit a comparison with the other service programs covered
in this report.
20
Or, if one is willing to forego the benefits of the second analytical approach described here, using any of several
other asset questionnaires that exist. Examples include the INDEPTH health equity survey tool (available at:
www.indepth-network.org/core_documents/indepthtools.htm) or the model questionnaire developed by M. Mahood
Khan and David Hotchkiss of the PHR Plus project (which can be found at: www.phrplus.org).
21
This additional perspective could be particularly helpful in an assessment of a program seeking to reach the poor by
focusing on especially backward districts. A report presenting only a finding that the program was reaching the better-
off people in those districts could produce an impression that it had failed to reach its intended beneficiaries. But a
comparison between the economic status of the programs beneficiaries with that of the national population might well
reveal that most of the beneficiaries were poor by national standards and that the program was thus considerably more
successful than otherwise thought.
- 14 -
Limitations
The methods just described have been carefully referred to as monitoring techniques, rather than
as approaches to evaluation. This is because the information provided through the techniques
application is inadequate to permit a full assessment of a programs performance. There are two
reasons for this.
The first is that the techniques described provide only what has been called a snapshot of the
programs record: a look at the program by itself, at one point of time. Far better would be an
examination over time, or a comparative view of what happened in areas that the program did not
serve as well as those that it did. Better yet would be a review incorporating both the temporal
and spatial dimensions, in order to permit a differences in differences assessment that would
compare the change over time in areas covered by the program with the change in places that it
did not reach.22
The second reason is that the techniques in question can tell only how well programs are reaching
the poor, not how much the health of the poor has been improved as a result. In other words, they
deal only with what the evaluation literature refers to as the incidence of health programs, not
with what is termed the programs impact.
There are many reasons why simply reaching poor people might not be enough to produce a
marked improvement in their condition. One obvious reason concerns service quality: If clinic
personnel are poorly trained and lack the necessary drugs and other supplies, for example, then a
poor persons visit to a clinic is unlikely to produce much health benefit. Another reason is lack
of adequate knowledge on the part of poor patients: For instance, if the poor are inadequately
aware how important it is to complete the full course of, say, antibiotic or anti-tuberculosis
therapy, then the therapy is unlikely to do much good and might instead cause harm.
However, while the information produced by the techniques outlined here is less than ideally
complete, it is also far easier and less expensive to execute than the more sophisticated
approaches required to produce fuller assessments. Thus, this is one of the many cases where the
ideal is a clear enemy of the good. If compared not with the ideal but with the present situation
marked by almost complete lack of knowledge about how well health programs reach the poor,
application of the equity monitoring techniques outlined above would constitute a major advance.
VI. IN CLOSING
In brief, the copious data presented in this volume provide basic background information on
economic inequalities in health made possible by recent developments in the measurement of
households economic status. The authors hope that readers will find them helpful in calling
attention to the widespread inequalities documented by the data, in advocating more effective
actions to lessen these inequalities, and in shaping health programs and policies that can do so.
The authors also hope that readers will be inspired to take advantage of the recently-developed
techniques employed here in undertaking further health inequality analyses of their own.
As indicated earlier, a promising beginning in these directions has been made; but it is no more
than a beginning. Much more will be needed if the global health community is to move beyond
platitudes about improving the health of the poor to effective action that can do so.
22
For more on this see: Adam Wagstaff and Hugh Waters. How Were the Reaching the Poor Studies Done? in
Reaching the Poor with Health, Nutrition, and Population Services: What Works, What Doesnt, and Why, ed.
Davidson R. Gwatkin, Adam Wagstaff, and Abdo S. Yazbeck (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2005), 27-46.
- 15 -
OVERVIEW TABLES
Notes:
Full definitions of all indicators covered in the tables
are provided in annex A.
Figures in the tables shown within parentheses indicate
the absence of adequate observations to produce
acceptably reliable values. Asterisks appear when the
number of observations was too small to justify
presentation even of figures within parentheses. (For
further information, see the Methods and Data section
of any country reports.)
na appears in the table cells when data are not
available, usually because the DHS concerned did not
collect information about the indicator(s) in question.
na is also found on table lines presenting regional or
all-country averages when data for the indicator in
question is unavailable for half or more countries within
the region concerned, or of all countries.
Where they appear, regional average quintile rates are
the unweighted means of all countries within the region
concerned that have adequate data, as defined in the
preceding note. The all-country averages are the
unweighted means for as many of the fifty-six countries
covered with sufficient data.
Regional and all-country average low-high ratios and
differences have been calculated on the basis of the
average quintile rates appearing in the lines to which
they refer. Regional/all-country average concentration
index values and standard errors are the unweighted
averages for all countries with sufficient data in the
region concerned (regional averages) or for as many of
the fifty-six countries covered that have adequate data
(all-country averages).
The accuracy of point estimates can be assessed with
reference to the standard error figures provided in the
individual country reports. Readers are encouraged to
- 17 -
consult these figures when comparing point estimates,
since not all differences are statistically significant.
Readers finding apparent errors are encouraged to
report them to the World Banks health advisory service
at healthpop@worldbank.org, in order to help improve
the accuracy of future reports.
- 18 -
A. HEALTH, NUTRITION, POPULATION STATUS
Childhood Illness and Mortality 21

Infant Mortality Rate
Under-Five Mortality Rate
Prevalence of Fever
Prevalence of Diarrhea
Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection
Fertility 31
Total Fertility Rate
Adolescent Fertility Rate
Nutritional Status 35
Children
Moderate Stunting
Severe Stunting
Moderate Underweight
Severe Underweight
Mild Anemia
Moderate Anemia
Severe Anemia
Women
Malnutrition
Mild Anemia
Moderate Anemia
Severe Anemia
Female Circumcision 57
Girls
Women
Girls
Women
- 19 -
Sexually Transmitted Disease 65
Women
Men
Prevalence of Genital Ulcer
Women
Men
- 20 -
Part I: HNP Status
INFANT MORTALITY RATE
Region/Country Quintile Rates (per 1,000 live births) Low/High Low-High Concentration Index
Pop. Ratio Diff. Value Standard
Low 2nd 3rd 4th High Avg. (Abs. Val.) Error
A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 62.9 54.6 44.4 40.6 25.2 47.6 2.500 37.751 -0.16589 0.02554
Cambodia 2000 109.7 108.2 88.2 88.7 50.3 92.7 2.181 59.400 -0.10515 0.00090
Indonesia 1997 78.1 57.3 51.4 39.4 23.3 52.2 3.352 54.800 -0.19544 0.00077
Indonesia 2002/03 60.6 50.3 44.0 36.4 17.1 43.0 3.554 43.579 -0.18722 0.07300
Philippines 1998 48.8 39.2 33.7 24.9 20.9 36.0 2.335 27.900 -0.15659 0.00085
Philippines 2003 42.0 32.2 25.8 22.2 19.5 30.0 2.157 22.523 -0.15380 0.02569
Vietnam 1997 42.8 43.2 35.2 27.2 16.9 34.8 2.533 25.900 -0.14272 0.00188
Vietnam 2002 39.3 27.7 19.7 15.2 13.8 24.8 2.848 25.500 -0.21740 0.00259
B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 69.2 60.3 52.7 44.2 41.6 54.8 1.664 27.617 -0.10080 0.00197
Armenia 2000 52.3 50.0 36.8 49.6 27.3 44.1 1.916 25.000 -0.09061 0.00253
Kazakhstan 1995 39.2 43.1 36.6 48.9 35.1 40.7 1.117 4.100 0.00351 0.00280
Kazakhstan 1999 67.6 65.3 65.8 27.3 42.3 54.9 1.598 25.300 -0.08479 0.00200
Kyrgyzstan 1997 83.3 73.3 67.5 49.6 45.8 66.2 1.819 37.500 -0.11881 0.00172
Turkey 1993 99.9 72.7 72.1 54.4 25.4 68.3 3.933 74.500 -0.18849 0.00199
Turkey 1998 68.3 54.6 42.1 37.5 29.8 48.4 2.292 38.500 -0.15829 0.00132
Turkmenistan 2000 89.3 78.6 68.2 62.4 58.4 71.6 1.529 30.900 na na
Uzbekistan 1996 54.4 39.8 36.0 39.0 45.9 43.5 1.185 8.500 -0.05153 0.00226
C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 62.9 49.0 45.5 36.4 30.8 47.3 2.040 32.072 -0.14720 0.01557
Bolivia 1998 106.5 85.0 75.5 38.6 25.5 73.5 4.176 81.000 -0.21073 0.00156
Bolivia 2003 87.3 82.0 63.3 50.9 32.3 67.8 2.703 55.018 -0.15046 0.05333
Brazil 1996 83.2 46.7 32.9 24.7 28.6 48.1 2.909 54.600 -0.25125 0.00091
Colombia 1995 40.8 31.4 27.0 31.5 16.2 30.8 2.519 24.600 -0.12046 0.00153
Colombia 2000 32.0 31.6 22.0 11.9 17.6 24.4 1.818 14.400 -0.16024 0.00135
Colombia 2005 32.0 23.8 20.9 14.2 14.4 22.1 2.225 17.642 -0.16460 0.03389
Dominican Republic 1996 66.7 54.5 52.3 33.5 23.4 48.6 2.850 43.300 -0.16907 0.00162
Guatemala 1995 56.9 79.7 55.7 46.7 35.0 57.2 1.626 21.900 -0.08179 0.00108
Guatemala 1998/99 58.0 50.8 52.1 39.6 39.2 49.1 1.480 18.800 -0.07858 0.00173
Haiti 1994/95 93.7 93.6 85.6 81.7 74.3 87.1 1.261 19.400 -0.04306 0.00083
Haiti 2000 99.5 70.0 93.4 88.4 97.2 89.4 1.024 2.300 0.00684 0.00088
Nicaragua 1997/98 50.7 53.7 45.7 40.2 25.8 45.2 1.965 24.900 -0.09431 0.00100
Nicaragua 2001 49.6 40.6 32.2 25.7 16.3 35.3 3.043 33.300 -0.18253 0.00116
Paraguay 1990 42.9 36.5 46.1 33.5 15.7 35.9 2.732 27.200 -0.11423 0.00219
Peru 1996 78.3 53.6 34.4 36.0 19.5 49.9 4.015 58.800 -0.22243 0.00069
Peru 2000 63.5 53.9 32.6 26.5 13.9 43.2 4.568 49.600 -0.22660 0.00102
D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 70.4 62.0 52.4 46.0 34.3 54.3 2.055 36.153 -0.12796 0.01003
Egypt 1995 109.7 88.7 64.6 50.6 31.8 72.9 3.450 77.900 -0.21609 0.00084
Egypt 2000 75.6 63.9 53.9 43.9 29.6 54.7 2.554 46.000 -0.16266 0.00073
Jordan 1997 35.4 28.8 30.1 25.9 23.4 29.0 1.513 12.000 -0.07201 0.00089
Morocco 1992 79.7 67.7 62.4 58.5 35.1 63.1 2.271 44.600 -0.11659 0.00122
Morocco 2003/04 62.2 53.1 36.8 33.4 24.0 44.0 2.585 38.114 -0.17514 0.03796
Yemen 1997 108.5 102.0 88.9 80.9 60.0 89.5 1.808 48.500 -0.10202 0.00053
E. SOUTH ASIA 90.1 85.8 84.3 70.7 54.6 79.1 1.649 35.463 -0.07771 0.00702
Bangladesh 1996/97 96.5 98.8 96.7 88.8 56.6 89.6 1.705 39.900 -0.06703 0.00101
Bangladesh 1999/2000 92.9 93.6 78.1 62.8 57.9 79.7 1.604 35.000 -0.09663 0.00059
Bangladesh 2004 89.7 65.9 75.1 59.1 64.8 72.4 1.385 24.953 -0.06962 0.02592
India 1992/93 109.2 106.3 89.7 65.6 44.0 86.3 2.482 65.200 -0.14880 0.05530
India 1998/99 96.5 80.7 76.3 55.3 38.1 73.0 2.533 58.400 -0.11780 0.00028
Nepal 1996 96.3 107.2 103.6 84.7 63.9 93.0 1.507 32.400 -0.06020 0.00087
Nepal 2001 85.5 87.7 76.6 72.8 53.2 77.2 1.607 32.300 -0.07241 0.00076
Pakistan 1990/91 88.7 108.7 109.3 95.7 62.5 94.0 1.419 26.200 -0.05100 0.00112
- 21 -
Part I: HNP Status
INFANT MORTALITY RATE (Cont.)
F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 99.4 99.0 95.9 83.6 62.8 89.8 1.584 36.655 -0.07218 0.01010
Benin 1996 119.4 111.1 105.8 103.8 63.3 103.5 1.886 56.100 -0.07999 0.00118
Benin 2001 111.5 108.2 106.3 78.1 50.0 94.8 2.230 61.500 -0.11209 0.00136
Burkina Faso 1992/93 112.5 119.5 120.8 99.7 80.9 107.6 1.390 31.556 -0.05841 0.03273
Burkina Faso 1998/99 106.2 118.5 118.0 116.5 76.7 108.6 1.385 29.500 -0.03108 0.00101
Burkina Faso 2003 97.1 108.4 81.9 94.1 77.9 92.1 1.246 19.152 -0.04306 0.01952
Cameroon 1991 103.9 101.0 78.8 65.1 51.2 80.3 2.029 52.700 -0.14046 0.00109
Cameroon 1998 108.4 86.3 72.6 58.7 55.8 79.8 1.943 52.600 -0.14262 0.00081
Cameroon 2004 100.5 90.3 82.9 64.2 52.0 81.3 1.934 48.558 -0.11688 0.03581
Central African Republic 1994/95 132.3 116.8 99.2 97.6 53.7 101.8 2.464 78.600 -0.13742 0.00138
Chad 1996/97 79.8 136.7 120.2 115.0 89.3 109.8 0.894 9.500 -0.00122 0.00127
Chad 2004 109.2 122.5 117.4 122.4 100.9 115.2 1.082 8.298 -0.01038 0.02443
Comoros 1996 87.2 108.5 83.7 62.6 64.6 83.7 1.350 22.600 -0.07847 0.00176
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 117.2 97.3 88.9 78.8 63.3 91.3 1.852 53.900 -0.10757 0.00066
Eritrea 1995 74.0 66.2 87.0 85.8 67.5 75.6 1.096 6.500 0.01420 0.00094
Ethiopia 2000 92.8 114.9 141.5 118.1 95.1 112.9 0.976 2.300 0.01745 0.00072
Gabon 2000 57.0 68.1 66.6 72.7 35.9 61.1 1.588 21.100 -0.03738 0.00198
Ghana 1993 77.5 94.6 82.8 64.2 45.8 74.7 1.692 31.700 -0.09289 0.00159
Ghana 1998 72.7 58.0 82.1 52.5 26.0 61.2 2.796 46.700 -0.10845 0.00250
Ghana 2003 61.5 63.8 73.5 66.0 57.7 64.7 1.065 3.758 0.00286 0.02313
Guinea 1999 118.9 127.9 113.5 91.4 70.2 106.6 1.694 48.700 -0.09207 0.00089
Kenya 1993 90.0 79.3 52.7 39.1 43.3 62.5 2.081 46.756 -0.17573 0.01842
Kenya 1998 95.8 82.9 58.5 61.0 40.2 70.7 2.383 55.600 -0.15329 0.00103
Kenya 2003 95.8 75.2 81.9 53.1 62.2 75.5 1.540 33.582 -0.09794 0.02652
Madagascar 1997 119.1 118.3 103.2 76.2 57.5 99.3 2.071 61.600 -0.12211 0.00106
Malawi 1992 141.2 133.7 154.1 139.2 106.1 136.1 1.331 35.100 -0.03439 0.00092
Malawi 2000 131.5 110.7 117.4 109.1 86.4 112.5 1.522 45.100 -0.04368 0.00059
Mali 1995/96 151.4 146.9 138.9 129.0 93.2 133.5 1.624 58.200 -0.07526 0.00059
Mali 2001 137.2 125.2 140.6 128.7 89.9 126.2 1.526 47.300 -0.04922 0.00059
Mauritania 2000/01 60.8 59.4 78.0 72.8 62.3 66.8 0.976 1.500 0.02324 0.00093
Mozambique 1997 187.7 136.2 144.3 134.2 94.7 147.4 1.982 93.000 -0.11552 0.00085
Mozambique 2003 142.5 147.1 128.2 106.1 71.1 123.6 2.003 71.377 -0.10612 0.05125
Namibia 1992 63.6 63.0 48.4 72.2 57.3 61.5 1.110 6.300 -0.00278 0.00105
Namibia 2000 35.8 63.2 39.7 37.3 22.7 39.8 1.577 13.100 -0.09742 0.00227
Niger 1998 131.1 152.3 157.2 142.0 85.8 135.8 1.528 45.300 -0.05034 0.00110
Nigeria 1990 102.2 102.3 93.1 85.8 68.6 91.6 1.490 33.600 -0.07024 0.00058
Nigeria 2003 133.0 139.7 110.0 86.8 52.1 109.3 2.554 80.923 -0.14475 0.06225
Rwanda 2000 138.7 120.2 123.4 118.9 87.9 117.4 1.578 50.800 -0.06043 0.00068
Senegal 1997 84.5 81.6 69.6 58.8 44.9 69.4 1.882 39.600 -0.11254 0.00077
South Africa 1998 61.6 51.6 35.8 34.0 17.0 42.2 3.624 44.600 -0.19631 0.00155
Tanzania 1996 87.3 118.0 95.6 102.1 64.8 94.1 1.347 22.500 -0.04028 0.00115
Tanzania 1999 114.8 107.5 115.4 106.8 91.9 107.8 1.249 22.900 -0.03234 0.00101
Tanzania 2004 88.0 97.1 87.8 69.8 64.2 82.5 1.370 23.760 -0.06740 0.02675
Togo 1998 84.1 81.7 90.0 73.9 65.8 80.3 1.278 18.300 -0.03547 0.00063
Uganda 1995 109.0 79.5 90.4 84.5 63.2 86.1 1.725 45.800 -0.08126 0.00083
Uganda 2000/01 105.7 98.3 94.5 81.0 60.2 89.4 1.756 45.500 -0.09190 0.00077
Zambia 1996 123.6 131.5 105.1 104.1 69.8 107.7 1.771 53.800 -0.09519 0.00087
Zambia 2001 115.2 93.1 113.8 80.8 56.7 93.9 2.032 58.500 -0.10397 0.00112
Zimbabwe 1994 52.0 49.5 47.4 64.2 41.6 51.2 1.250 10.400 -0.00672 0.00128
Zimbabwe 1999 59.1 63.9 67.1 63.1 44.3 59.7 1.334 14.800 -0.03605 0.00144
G. ALL COUNTRIES 85.0 80.1 75.6 65.1 50.1 72.9 1.697 34.908 -0.09833 0.01115
- 22 -
Part I: HNP Status
UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY RATE
Cambodia 2000 154.8 136.5 115.3 113.3 63.6 121.6 2.434 91.200 -0.12345 0.00089
Indonesia 1997 109.0 76.5 69.5 51.6 29.2 70.6 3.733 79.800 -0.21034 0.00081
Indonesia 2002/03 76.8 64.4 55.7 45.1 21.9 54.4 3.513 54.943 -0.18925 0.07137
Philippines 1998 79.8 60.5 49.7 33.4 29.2 54.9 2.733 50.600 -0.19098 0.00090
Philippines 2003 66.3 47.1 31.6 25.8 20.6 41.6 3.213 45.658 -0.22754 0.03866
Vietnam 1997 63.3 51.8 41.8 38.2 23.0 45.9 2.752 40.300 -0.15934 0.00160
Vietnam 2002 52.9 38.4 23.5 22.1 15.8 32.9 3.348 37.100 -0.23171 0.00211
Armenia 2000 60.9 53.5 40.1 49.6 29.6 48.0 2.057 31.300 -0.11207 0.00233
Kazakhstan 1995 48.0 46.7 (49.3) 55.2 39.6 47.9 1.212 8.400 -0.00488 0.00255
Kazakhstan 1999 81.9 73.1 72.3 35.7 44.8 63.0 1.828 37.100 -0.08639 0.00202
Kyrgyzstan 1997 96.4 79.4 77.5 64.0 49.3 75.8 1.955 47.100 -0.11519 0.00180
Turkey 1993 124.7 84.0 83.2 61.8 27.1 80.5 4.601 97.600 -0.21033 0.00204
Turkey 1998 85.0 67.4 53.3 47.2 32.6 59.7 2.607 52.400 -0.16801 0.00142
Uzbekistan 1996 70.3 43.8 55.4 51.7 50.4 55.2 1.395 19.900 -0.05659 0.00192
Bolivia 1998 146.5 114.9 104.0 47.8 32.0 99.1 4.578 114.500 -0.22183 0.00168
Bolivia 2003 119.2 114.8 87.2 70.7 37.1 92.7 3.209 82.062 -0.15810 0.06559
Brazil 1996 98.9 56.0 39.2 26.7 33.3 56.7 2.970 65.600 -0.25889 0.00093
Colombia 1995 52.1 37.1 30.7 34.9 23.6 37.4 2.208 28.500 -0.13087 0.00119
Colombia 2000 39.1 34.7 24.1 14.2 20.2 28.0 1.936 18.900 -0.17102 0.00120
Colombia 2005 39.1 27.3 24.0 15.9 15.9 25.7 2.466 23.244 -0.18280 0.03791
Guatemala 1995 89.1 102.9 82.0 60.7 37.9 79.2 2.351 51.200 -0.11873 0.00118
Guatemala 1998/99 77.6 71.4 75.9 46.9 39.3 64.6 1.975 38.300 -0.11455 0.00178
Haiti 1994/95 163.3 150.1 137.1 130.6 105.6 140.6 1.546 57.700 -0.07090 0.00087
Haiti 2000 163.9 143.6 140.6 119.7 108.7 137.7 1.508 55.200 -0.07579 0.00055
Nicaragua 1997/98 68.8 66.6 52.5 48.5 29.7 56.0 2.316 39.100 -0.12406 0.00096
Nicaragua 2001 64.3 52.2 38.6 32.4 19.2 44.6 3.349 45.100 -0.19608 0.00118
Paraguay 1990 57.2 50.0 59.0 39.4 20.1 46.6 2.846 37.100 -0.13337 0.00212
Peru 1996 110.0 76.2 48.0 44.1 22.1 68.4 4.977 87.900 -0.24504 0.00080
Peru 2000 92.6 75.5 43.9 34.5 17.6 60.4 5.261 75.000 -0.24730 0.00107
Egypt 1995 147.2 118.7 85.4 62.0 39.1 95.9 3.765 108.100 -0.23096 0.00089
Egypt 2000 97.9 80.3 70.5 53.5 33.7 69.2 2.905 64.200 -0.17834 0.00084
Jordan 1997 42.1 34.1 33.7 32.7 25.2 34.0 1.671 16.900 -0.07941 0.00095
Morocco 1992 111.6 96.9 79.4 71.3 39.2 83.9 2.847 72.400 -0.15357 0.00135
Morocco 2003/04 77.6 65.5 46.7 37.3 26.1 53.6 2.976 51.531 -0.19513 0.04778
Yemen 1997 163.1 137.8 111.7 106.9 73.0 121.0 2.234 90.100 -0.13753 0.00059
E. SOUTH ASIA 129.2 121.9 109.2 90.8 64.6 106.7 1.999 64.576 -0.11125 0.00670
Bangladesh 1996/97 141.3 146.9 134.9 122.3 76.1 127.8 1.857 65.200 -0.08406 0.00104
Bangladesh 1999/2000 139.7 126.7 105.5 85.1 72.4 110.0 1.930 67.300 -0.12541 0.00064
Bangladesh 2004 121.1 97.8 96.8 80.9 71.5 96.6 1.694 49.605 -0.09819 0.02459
India 1992/93 154.7 152.9 119.5 86.9 54.3 118.8 2.849 100.400 -0.16940 0.06160
India 1998/99 141.3 117.8 101.3 69.9 45.5 101.3 3.105 95.800 -0.15884 0.00031
Nepal 1996 156.3 163.8 154.8 118.4 82.7 139.2 1.890 73.600 -0.09595 0.00101
Nepal 2001 129.9 125.1 103.8 97.0 67.7 108.4 1.919 62.200 -0.10420 0.00079
Pakistan 1990/91 124.5 146.9 134.9 115.4 73.8 120.4 1.687 50.700 -0.08378 0.00109
- 23 -
Part I: HNP Status
UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY RATE (Cont.)
Benin 1996 208.3 201.7 196.7 178.4 110.1 183.9 1.892 98.200 -0.08143 0.00119
Benin 2001 198.2 176.1 181.1 132.2 93.1 162.7 2.129 105.100 -0.11185 0.00115
Burkina Faso 1992/93 199.1 226.0 230.3 201.9 156.9 204.5 1.269 42.196 -0.03902 0.03761
Burkina Faso 1998/99 239.2 250.1 220.1 232.2 154.5 224.1 1.548 84.700 -0.05736 0.00086
Burkina Faso 2003 206.3 213.1 195.7 192.5 144.1 193.2 1.432 62.202 -0.05105 0.03083
Cameroon 1991 200.7 171.1 142.2 120.3 81.7 144.0 2.457 119.000 -0.15937 0.00135
Cameroon 1998 199.2 161.7 135.7 117.4 86.8 146.3 2.295 112.400 -0.15237 0.00099
Cameroon 2004 188.5 161.6 150.0 116.0 88.2 147.7 2.138 100.354 -0.12970 0.04063
Chad 1996/97 170.6 227.8 224.5 203.5 172.0 201.1 0.992 1.400 -0.00684 0.00082
Chad 2004 176.0 208.2 211.5 225.0 186.5 202.5 0.944 10.537 0.01573 0.02863
Comoros 1996 128.9 135.8 112.4 80.9 (86.6) 112.6 1.488 215.500 -0.09547 0.00140
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 189.5 167.4 147.9 128.3 96.5 149.9 1.964 93.000 -0.11451 0.00071
Eritrea 1995 152.2 152.9 182.5 167.8 103.5 152.5 1.471 48.700 -0.02392 0.00140
Ethiopia 2000 159.2 194.9 227.0 206.4 147.1 187.8 1.082 12.100 0.00825 0.00077
Gabon 2000 93.1 107.8 97.4 95.5 55.4 91.4 1.681 37.700 -0.06754 0.00160
Ghana 1993 156.2 172.9 138.7 104.2 75.0 132.8 2.083 81.200 -0.13287 0.00144
Ghana 1998 138.8 112.8 125.1 94.3 52.2 110.4 2.659 86.600 -0.12691 0.00195
Ghana 2003 127.5 104.9 110.6 107.9 88.4 109.7 1.442 39.115 -0.05371 0.02482
Guinea 1999 229.9 230.1 198.0 161.9 133.0 195.1 1.729 96.900 -0.10282 0.0007
Kenya 1993 129.3 120.2 81.2 61.5 61.9 93.2 2.090 67.445 -0.16837 0.0205
Kenya 1998 136.2 130.4 92.3 84.9 60.7 105.2 2.244 75.500 -0.14862 0.00096
Kenya 2003 148.9 109.5 120.9 77.3 91.1 112.7 1.634 57.773 -0.11008 0.02993
Madagascar 1997 195.0 186.1 175.0 129.6 101.4 163.9 1.923 93.600 -0.10946 0.00094
Malawi 1992 253.1 248.3 257.9 256.3 172.4 239.7 1.468 80.700 -0.04588 0.00105
Malawi 2000 230.8 206.7 218.5 194.8 149.0 202.7 1.549 81.800 -0.05373 0.00049
Mali 1995/96 297.9 283.6 251.8 241.1 169.1 252.2 1.762 128.800 -0.09015 0.00059
Mali 2001 247.8 264.1 262.0 244.4 148.1 238.2 1.673 99.700 -0.06185 0.00076
Mauritania 2000/01 98.1 102.0 130.7 98.0 78.5 102.1 1.250 19.600 -0.02777 0.00115
Mozambique 1997 277.5 213.7 215.8 187.0 144.6 218.7 1.919 132.900 -0.11836 0.00072
Mozambique 2003 196.2 199.8 203.3 154.6 108.1 178.2 1.816 88.168 -0.08405 0.05323
Namibia 1992 110.3 91.5 81.4 98.5 75.5 91.8 1.461 34.800 -0.05332 0.00107
Namibia 2000 55.4 95.1 58.9 59.5 31.4 60.2 1.764 24.000 -0.10233 0.00230
Niger 1998 281.8 354.9 348.3 314.9 183.7 302.6 1.534 98.100 -0.05371 0.00120
Nigeria 1990 239.6 229.7 188.0 159.2 119.8 191.3 2.000 119.800 -0.12757 0.00071
Nigeria 2003 257.0 293.1 215.1 178.7 79.3 217.1 3.241 177.686 -0.15670 0.08283
Rwanda 2000 246.4 216.9 210.2 207.4 154.1 206.7 1.599 92.300 -0.06591 0.00062
Senegal 1997 181.0 179.9 145.3 102.9 69.6 139.4 2.601 111.400 -0.16365 0.00110
South Africa 1998 87.4 71.0 48.6 39.8 21.9 56.9 3.991 65.500 -0.22289 0.00150
Tanzania 1996 140.1 179.8 148.0 152.8 97.5 144.8 1.437 42.600 -0.05126 0.00108
Tanzania 1999 160.0 159.3 192.7 155.0 135.2 161.1 1.183 24.800 -0.02205 0.00104
Tanzania 2004 137.3 156.0 146.8 117.4 93.3 132.2 1.471 43.957 -0.06728 0.04049
Togo 1998 167.7 157.8 153.6 122.2 97.0 143.8 1.729 70.700 -0.08863 0.00076
Uganda 1995 192.2 150.9 163.2 155.0 113.4 156.2 1.695 78.800 -0.07854 0.00076
Uganda 2000/01 191.8 173.0 163.5 136.2 106.4 156.5 1.803 85.400 -0.10217 0.00068
Zambia 1996 212.3 225.9 191.1 191.1 135.6 192.1 1.566 76.700 -0.07325 0.00075
Zambia 2001 191.7 182.5 196.1 163.2 92.4 167.9 2.075 99.300 -0.09365 0.00129
Zimbabwe 1994 84.5 84.8 62.4 87.9 56.3 75.9 1.501 28.200 -0.05368 0.00119
Zimbabwe 1999 99.5 93.2 102.2 91.0 62.2 90.3 1.600 37.300 -0.06500 0.00138
G. ALL COUNTRIES 135.4 129.0 120.2 102.5 73.5 115.2 1.842 61.898 -0.11566 0.01303
- 24 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF FEVER
Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Cambodia 2000 33.9 35.2 33.7 39.0 36.3 35.4 0.934 2.400 0.00724 0.00900
Indonesia 1997 26.6 25.5 25.0 28.1 23.4 25.8 1.137 3.200 0.00214 0.00733
Indonesia 2002/03 24.6 30.4 26.4 27.6 20.5 25.9 1.200 4.103 -0.03402 0.00749
Philippines 1998 26.4 28.4 27.6 24.9 19.4 25.9 1.361 7.000 -0.01821 0.01112
Philippines 2003 28.0 25.6 22.8 21.4 17.8 23.8 1.575 10.199 -0.07839 0.01283
Vietnam 1997 20.7 19.9 26.6 23.4 15.1 21.1 1.371 5.600 -0.00786 0.02604
Vietnam 2002 30.9 25.3 28.9 29.0 18.4 26.6 1.679 12.500 -0.05021 0.02511
B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 10.7 9.3 11.1 12.5 10.3 10.8 1.043 0.440 0.05018 0.04352
Armenia 2000 15.8 14.9 15.5 22.9 14.0 16.5 1.129 1.800 0.03428 0.03238
Kazakhstan 1995 9.1 12.0 5.8 16.4 16.8 11.4 0.542 7.700 0.13771 0.05600
Kazakhstan 1999 14.5 8.7 13.3 14.1 9.5 12.3 1.526 5.000 0.00253 0.04167
Kyrgyzstan 1997 14.8 11.8 13.7 12.5 11.5 13.1 1.287 3.300 0.01775 0.04057
Turkey 1993 37.9 29.2 27.7 26.4 26.0 29.9 1.458 11.900 -0.06449 0.01581
Turkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na na
Uzbekistan 1996 6.2 7.9 8.3 9.5 10.4 8.2 0.596 4.200 0.14617 0.05947
Bolivia 1998 33.6 32.8 30.4 30.8 29.3 31.7 1.147 4.300 -0.03346 0.01058
Bolivia 2003 30.1 28.2 31.1 30.2 25.6 29.4 1.177 4.529 -0.01665 0.00969
Brazil 1996 29.6 26.4 25.2 21.2 21.6 25.6 1.370 8.000 -0.04758 0.01500
Colombia 1995 27.6 28.4 28.0 29.1 25.9 27.9 1.066 1.700 -0.00019 0.01352
Colombia 2000 23.9 25.8 25.2 26.4 26.8 25.5 0.892 2.900 0.02164 0.01503
Colombia 2005 27.1 25.3 22.5 23.4 22.3 24.4 1.216 4.821 -0.05071 0.00916
Guatemala 1995 31.6 29.8 27.0 28.9 20.6 28.4 1.534 11.000 -0.06531 0.01021
Guatemala 1998/99 29.6 29.9 27.0 23.6 20.7 26.8 1.430 8.900 -0.04279 0.01519
Haiti 1994/95 46.2 43.6 35.6 39.0 29.9 39.8 1.545 16.300 -0.06586 0.01244
Haiti 2000 47.8 47.6 39.3 35.9 28.2 40.6 1.695 19.600 -0.07151 0.00920
Nicaragua 1997/98 26.1 23.1 24.2 22.4 16.6 23.2 1.572 9.500 -0.07284 0.01196
Nicaragua 2001 26.2 28.0 24.8 22.4 21.1 24.9 1.242 5.100 -0.05045 0.01284
Paraguay 1990 36.4 35.3 33.8 25.2 22.2 31.2 1.640 14.200 -0.08959 0.01357
Peru 1996 34.1 29.4 27.2 23.7 17.6 27.9 1.938 16.500 -0.10467 0.00733
Peru 2000 30.9 28.2 25.8 20.4 17.8 25.9 1.736 13.100 -0.07121 0.00894
Egypt 1995 38.8 38.9 41.8 39.8 42.0 40.2 0.924 3.200 0.01373 0.00685
Egypt 2000 19.0 18.7 18.4 18.7 13.3 17.7 1.429 5.700 -0.06003 0.01211
Jordan 1997 20.8 22.4 18.2 19.4 19.5 20.2 1.067 1.300 -0.02820 0.01440
Morocco 1992 28.6 25.4 27.2 27.9 25.1 26.9 1.139 3.500 -0.01670 0.01403
Morocco 2003/04 24.3 27.8 30.0 28.8 24.5 27.1 0.994 0.158 0.02676 0.01226
Yemen 1997 45.3 45.1 37.5 36.6 32.9 39.7 1.377 12.400 -0.06653 0.00701
E. SOUTH ASIA 34.0 33.0 33.4 32.5 30.2 32.8 1.127 3.846 -0.02462 0.00912
Bangladesh 1996/97 31.6 33.8 29.1 29.4 30.0 31.0 1.053 1.600 -0.03058 0.01170
Bangladesh 1999/2000 39.7 36.9 35.2 37.7 35.3 37.2 1.125 4.400 -0.02369 0.00954
Bangladesh 2004 42.6 42.5 40.2 36.5 37.7 40.2 1.130 4.884 -0.02948 0.00873
India 1992/93 20.9 21.5 19.6 19.5 17.9 20.0 1.168 3.000 -0.03468 0.00553
India 1998/99 30.1 28.6 29.7 29.3 26.5 29.0 1.136 3.600 -0.01638 0.00523
Nepal 1996 40.9 37.3 39.8 39.8 38.3 39.4 1.068 2.600 -0.00348 0.01099
Nepal 2001 31.9 32.3 33.3 32.6 28.9 32.0 1.104 3.000 -0.01458 0.01049
Pakistan 1990/91 31.5 28.5 30.4 31.4 27.6 29.9 1.141 3.900 -0.03803 0.01204
- 25 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF FEVER (Cont.)

Benin 1996 55.4 59.0 56.6 51.6 43.5 54.0 1.274 11.900 -0.04131 0.01039
Benin 2001 45.4 43.7 44.3 39.5 29.6 41.2 1.534 15.800 -0.06370 0.01002
Burkina Faso 1992/93 33.3 35.3 36.2 36.6 31.9 34.8 1.044 1.389 -0.02305 0.01044
Burkina Faso 1998/99 35.0 38.1 36.5 35.4 33.6 35.8 1.042 1.400 -0.01795 0.01037
Burkina Faso 2003 37.3 36.5 39.6 37.7 30.1 36.7 1.237 7.155 -0.00659 0.00785
Cameroon 1991 17.2 24.6 19.2 25.4 24.9 22.6 0.691 7.700 0.05319 0.01881
Cameroon 1998 25.0 35.5 33.0 33.4 25.1 30.1 0.996 0.100 -0.00154 0.01834
Cameroon 2004 19.1 24.6 24.9 27.1 24.9 23.8 0.766 5.822 0.05667 0.01250
Central African Republic 1994/95 31.7 36.1 32.3 37.6 36.1 34.8 0.878 4.400 0.02003 0.01530
Chad 1996/97 29.5 32.1 30.7 35.3 32.9 32.1 0.897 3.400 0.02193 0.01031
Chad 2004 26.5 38.8 32.8 37.7 34.0 34.3 0.778 7.543 -0.00082 0.01034
Comoros 1996 44.2 48.7 49.0 48.4 48.7 47.6 0.908 4.500 0.01240 0.01956
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 45.9 45.9 43.9 43.4 35.9 43.5 1.279 10.000 -0.04186 0.01104
Eritrea 1995 47.6 45.4 39.0 38.7 31.5 41.5 1.511 16.100 -0.07948 0.01424
Ethiopia 2000 26.4 28.5 31.1 28.7 26.9 28.4 0.981 0.500 -0.00581 0.00930
Gabon 2000 28.0 27.1 33.1 28.6 28.2 29.1 0.993 0.200 0.00480 0.01473
Ghana 1993 29.6 30.6 33.8 22.1 19.9 27.5 1.487 9.700 -0.07332 0.02015
Ghana 1998 31.1 26.0 26.4 21.8 27.0 26.8 1.152 4.100 -0.04398 0.01739
Ghana 2003 21.5 19.0 22.1 23.3 20.9 21.3 1.030 0.626 0.00710 0.01838
Guinea 1999 44.4 40.6 40.9 41.2 42.1 41.9 1.055 2.300 -0.01036 0.00991
Kenya 1993 44.2 44.7 40.1 39.2 39.4 41.7 1.123 4.827 -0.03242 0.00947
Kenya 1998 45.5 43.3 42.7 40.7 38.0 42.3 1.197 7.500 -0.03067 0.01210
Kenya 2003 37.6 43.7 42.1 41.1 39.4 40.7 0.955 1.759 0.01464 0.00945
Madagascar 1997 33.1 32.0 34.8 29.7 30.0 32.2 1.103 3.100 -0.03254 0.01425
Malawi 1992 40.0 38.9 43.5 38.8 38.4 40.0 1.042 1.600 -0.01943 0.01135
Malawi 2000 43.5 42.6 44.6 41.7 34.3 41.6 1.268 9.200 -0.04141 0.00668
Mali 1995/96 41.9 41.4 40.2 38.8 30.3 38.7 1.383 11.600 -0.04615 0.01037
Mali 2001 29.5 26.9 28.1 25.0 24.1 26.8 1.224 5.400 -0.03848 0.00962
Mauritania 2000/01 30.6 32.7 33.4 29.8 28.3 31.1 1.081 2.300 -0.02814 0.01326
Mozambique 1997 43.8 47.0 46.9 42.0 41.6 44.0 1.053 2.200 -0.00729 0.01065
Mozambique 2003 25.2 27.4 28.0 29.1 24.2 26.7 1.044 1.062 -0.00442 0.00997
Namibia 1992 39.5 43.2 33.4 25.7 29.0 34.0 1.362 10.500 -0.11082 0.01392
Namibia 2000 19.7 17.9 17.7 22.7 18.7 19.4 1.053 1.000 0.00642 0.01966
Niger 1998 49.1 50.6 51.1 49.1 40.4 48.3 1.215 8.700 -0.03644 0.00883
Nigeria 1990 32.8 35.3 37.6 31.6 24.0 32.3 1.367 8.800 -0.08152 0.00923
Nigeria 2003 33.1 35.2 34.2 30.6 21.8 31.2 1.520 11.322 -0.07245 0.01219
Rwanda 2000 39.9 33.2 35.1 32.2 25.9 32.7 1.541 14.000 -0.06182 0.00959
Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na na
South Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na na
Tanzania 1996 29.2 28.2 31.7 34.0 28.1 30.3 1.039 1.100 0.00996 0.01155
Tanzania 1999 35.4 38.2 31.4 37.1 33.4 35.1 1.060 2.000 -0.04515 0.01373
Tanzania 2004 25.8 25.7 23.5 24.2 22.5 24.5 1.146 3.278 -0.02521 0.01221
Togo 1998 37.6 40.1 35.8 36.7 35.4 37.3 1.062 2.200 -0.02689 0.01237
Uganda 1995 54.3 45.0 46.8 46.1 38.2 46.3 1.421 16.100 -0.06516 0.00860
Uganda 2000/01 47.9 48.4 40.5 44.2 36.7 43.9 1.305 11.200 -0.05185 0.00797
Zambia 1996 43.4 41.2 40.4 41.6 32.6 40.1 1.331 10.800 -0.04281 0.00933
Zambia 2001 48.3 46.9 49.6 38.8 26.4 43.1 1.830 21.900 -0.07714 0.00872
Zimbabwe 1994 43.7 39.9 38.9 40.2 34.1 39.7 1.282 9.600 -0.05073 0.01467
Zimbabwe 1999 25.8 28.1 30.5 23.8 21.3 25.8 1.211 4.500 -0.03240 0.01620
G. ALL COUNTRIES 31.1 31.2 30.6 29.7 25.9 29.9 1.202 5.221 -0.02477 0.01420
- 26 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA

Cambodia 2000 19.5 20.1 18.1 19.6 16.0 18.9 1.219 3.500 -0.04881 0.01378
Indonesia 1997 12.6 10.8 10.0 10.1 7.7 10.4 1.636 4.900 -0.08153 0.01203
Indonesia 2002/03 10.0 13.0 12.4 11.9 8.2 11.1 1.211 1.742 -0.03243 0.01181
Philippines 1998 8.8 7.7 7.7 6.2 4.9 7.4 1.796 3.900 -0.08388 0.02322
Philippines 2003 13.1 11.2 9.4 9.2 9.4 10.8 1.388 3.658 -0.08026 0.02110
Vietnam 1997 10.1 11.2 12.0 9.5 6.2 10.1 1.629 3.900 -0.09085 0.03956
Vietnam 2002 18.2 12.4 12.1 7.3 3.8 11.3 4.789 14.400 -0.21323 0.04059
Armenia 2000 9.1 6.7 8.8 7.7 7.0 7.8 1.300 2.100 -0.01276 0.05122
Kazakhstan 1995 19.2 14.0 13.8 17.9 12.3 15.7 1.561 6.900 -0.02493 0.04430
Kazakhstan 1999 14.0 11.4 15.5 13.1 12.5 13.4 1.120 1.500 -0.00261 0.03894
Kyrgyzstan 1997 20.6 19.7 17.2 14.5 13.6 17.6 1.515 7.000 -0.03486 0.03650
Turkey 1993 31.2 27.1 23.5 19.7 19.4 24.7 1.608 11.800 -0.09761 0.01736
Turkey 1998 37.8 33.6 32.0 23.3 16.7 29.7 2.263 21.100 -0.13523 0.01573
Uzbekistan 1996 3.9 3.2 6.3 5.3 8.9 5.2 0.438 5.000 0.24326 0.07201
Bolivia 1998 21.8 19.8 20.5 17.9 11.7 19.2 1.863 10.100 -0.06790 0.01418
Bolivia 2003 25.2 23.2 22.7 23.0 15.3 22.6 1.640 9.826 -0.06882 0.01133
Brazil 1996 18.3 12.9 12.7 9.3 7.4 13.1 2.473 10.900 -0.16141 0.02282
Colombia 1995 18.4 19.8 16.8 14.9 10.0 16.7 1.840 8.400 -0.08795 0.01788
Colombia 2000 17.5 15.9 12.9 10.4 10.2 13.9 1.716 7.300 -0.11996 0.02149
Colombia 2005 17.5 17.1 13.3 11.4 9.0 14.4 1.952 8.542 -0.13900 0.01262
Guatemala 1995 22.8 21.5 23.3 17.7 16.0 20.9 1.425 6.800 -0.04274 0.01206
Guatemala 1998/99 13.9 15.2 13.4 11.5 11.8 13.3 1.178 2.100 -0.04216 0.02275
Haiti 1994/95 30.9 27.1 24.4 31.6 20.4 27.4 1.515 10.500 -0.04298 0.01683
Haiti 2000 27.0 24.4 29.9 26.1 20.2 25.7 1.337 6.800 -0.03185 0.01274
Nicaragua 1997/98 16.1 14.0 14.2 14.4 8.7 14.0 1.851 7.400 -0.09883 0.01612
Nicaragua 2001 15.4 14.0 13.5 11.8 8.2 13.1 1.878 7.200 -0.08842 0.01871
Paraguay 1990 9.8 8.5 9.2 7.4 4.6 8.1 2.130 5.200 -0.11562 0.02980
Peru 1996 21.4 20.3 18.6 14.1 9.3 17.9 2.301 12.100 -0.11129 0.00955
Peru 2000 18.7 17.9 16.2 11.2 7.7 15.4 2.429 11.000 -0.09643 0.01223
Egypt 1995 15.9 15.5 17.0 17.3 13.8 15.9 1.152 2.100 -0.01866 0.01254
Egypt 2000 8.6 7.2 7.8 6.6 5.1 7.1 1.686 3.500 -0.08197 0.01994
Jordan 1997 18.9 20.9 15.5 16.5 17.7 18.0 1.068 1.200 -0.09615 0.02185
Morocco 1992 15.0 13.5 12.6 10.6 9.6 12.6 1.563 5.400 -0.08598 0.02176
Morocco 2003/04 12.7 12.6 13.5 10.0 10.6 12.0 1.191 2.026 -0.04406 0.02049
Yemen 1997 32.1 32.0 27.8 23.6 20.7 27.5 1.551 11.400 -0.09478 0.00892
E. SOUTH ASIA 16.9 15.1 15.7 15.2 12.9 15.3 1.305 3.943 -0.05197 0.01624
Bangladesh 1996/97 8.8 7.4 7.6 7.4 6.4 7.6 1.375 2.400 -0.05884 0.02673
Bangladesh 1999/2000 6.3 6.4 5.6 5.8 6.4 6.1 0.984 0.100 -0.02852 0.02859
Bangladesh 2004 8.7 7.5 7.5 7.1 6.1 7.5 1.440 2.673 -0.09386 0.02532
India 1992/93 10.2 10.4 10.2 10.1 8.5 9.9 1.200 1.700 -0.01050 0.00834
India 1998/99 20.4 18.8 20.3 17.9 16.4 18.9 1.244 4.000 -0.02641 0.00696
Nepal 1996 32.2 27.3 26.8 27.0 20.7 27.5 1.556 11.500 -0.07114 0.01449
Nepal 2001 21.9 21.6 22.1 19.0 15.4 20.4 1.422 6.500 -0.05713 0.01401
Pakistan 1990/91 16.4 12.5 12.8 16.8 13.8 14.5 1.188 2.600 -0.03050 0.01867
- 27 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA (Cont.)

Benin 1996 28.4 30.4 25.5 24.8 18.4 26.1 1.543 10.000 -0.07328 0.01897
Benin 2001 15.2 15.3 13.1 12.6 9.7 13.4 1.567 5.500 -0.08091 0.02134
Burkina Faso 1992/93 13.8 10.8 12.5 11.9 11.0 12.0 1.253 2.783 -0.02685 0.02095
Burkina Faso 1998/99 17.8 19.1 20.4 21.5 22.0 20.0 0.809 4.200 0.03421 0.01540
Burkina Faso 2003 20.7 22.1 21.2 19.8 21.5 21.1 0.962 0.814 -0.00916 0.01146
Cameroon 1991 21.9 20.6 18.4 15.0 12.8 17.6 1.711 9.100 -0.12013 0.02139
Cameroon 1998 22.2 25.3 15.9 15.1 14.2 18.9 1.563 8.000 -0.11094 0.02535
Cameroon 2004 21.1 20.7 16.3 13.3 10.6 17.0 1.987 10.499 -0.12059 0.01546
Chad 1996/97 18.9 21.4 21.7 24.2 21.4 21.5 0.883 2.500 0.02042 0.01297
Chad 2004 19.6 31.9 27.8 26.4 27.3 26.9 0.720 7.625 0.02035 0.01195
Comoros 1996 24.9 25.4 21.5 19.7 23.4 23.1 1.064 1.500 -0.05449 0.03331
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 21.2 20.4 18.8 24.6 24.1 21.6 0.880 2.900 0.01511 0.01809
Eritrea 1995 26.0 26.7 22.6 22.7 16.8 23.6 1.548 9.200 -0.09079 0.02114
Ethiopia 2000 23.0 25.6 24.8 24.2 19.6 23.6 1.173 3.400 -0.03051 0.01008
Gabon 2000 15.9 15.8 15.7 15.9 15.4 15.7 1.032 0.500 -0.02108 0.02112
Ghana 1993 21.5 23.1 21.0 19.2 14.2 20.0 1.514 7.300 -0.06371 0.02410
Ghana 1998 23.4 17.5 18.6 15.0 11.0 17.9 2.127 12.400 -0.11269 0.02130
Ghana 2003 20.0 14.5 14.1 15.7 11.4 15.6 1.762 8.653 -0.11460 0.02376
Guinea 1999 23.4 22.2 20.7 19.9 19.0 21.2 1.232 4.400 -0.04402 0.01602
Kenya 1993 8.2 10.7 8.7 8.0 6.8 8.6 1.206 1.405 -0.04699 0.02446
Kenya 1998 19.4 18.7 17.8 15.4 13.1 17.1 1.481 6.300 -0.07476 0.02221
Kenya 2003 18.5 17.7 15.2 13.3 16.2 16.4 1.140 2.272 -0.05515 0.01759
Madagascar 1997 29.2 21.8 26.1 31.3 26.2 27.1 1.115 3.000 0.00899 0.01635
Malawi 1992 23.7 20.7 23.4 19.3 21.0 21.7 1.129 2.700 -0.03332 0.01736
Malawi 2000 18.8 19.0 18.4 17.3 13.8 17.6 1.362 5.000 -0.06708 0.01188
Mali 1995/96 29.0 26.8 27.8 25.7 16.2 25.3 1.790 12.800 -0.07881 0.01345
Mali 2001 20.8 20.5 20.7 16.9 13.0 18.6 1.600 7.800 -0.07245 0.01171
Mauritania 2000/01 16.7 19.6 19.2 17.0 19.1 18.3 0.874 2.400 -0.00757 0.01919
Mozambique 1997 20.9 26.5 19.4 20.7 18.4 20.7 1.136 2.500 -0.00660 0.01914
Mozambique 2003 15.0 13.3 14.7 13.8 15.5 14.5 0.965 0.543 0.01101 0.01489
Namibia 1992 27.0 27.5 22.9 15.2 10.6 20.5 2.547 16.400 -0.20530 0.01899
Namibia 2000 13.9 11.1 9.2 15.5 9.5 12.0 1.463 4.400 -0.04234 0.02618
Niger 1998 36.9 37.0 41.1 41.5 32.4 37.8 1.139 4.500 -0.01835 0.01085
Nigeria 1990 19.9 20.5 19.9 16.7 10.8 17.7 1.843 9.100 -0.13558 0.01305
Nigeria 2003 22.3 24.2 20.0 19.4 9.1 19.2 2.457 13.221 -0.12480 0.01586
Rwanda 2000 18.2 18.2 18.3 17.3 12.8 16.9 1.422 5.400 -0.07533 0.01452
Senegal 1997 15.3 17.1 14.4 14.7 13.7 15.1 1.117 1.600 -0.03890 0.01709
South Africa 1998 16.5 14.7 14.7 9.4 8.7 13.2 1.897 7.800 -0.11065 0.02041
Tanzania 1996 13.7 11.7 14.8 15.4 12.3 13.7 1.114 1.400 0.00591 0.01833
Tanzania 1999 11.7 12.2 14.1 15.2 8.5 12.4 1.376 3.200 -0.03006 0.02585
Tanzania 2004 13.3 14.2 12.1 13.2 9.4 12.6 1.414 3.894 -0.04871 0.01737
Togo 1998 32.6 32.6 31.0 35.5 21.4 31.1 1.523 11.200 -0.02859 0.01377
Uganda 1995 29.9 22.0 22.7 24.9 17.0 23.5 1.759 12.900 -0.08221 0.01398
Uganda 2000/01 25.3 22.8 17.2 16.3 14.4 19.6 1.757 10.900 -0.09537 0.01424
Zambia 1996 24.5 23.9 22.1 26.8 19.4 23.5 1.263 5.100 -0.02645 0.01390
Zambia 2001 22.9 21.2 21.8 22.4 16.2 21.2 1.414 6.700 -0.02658 0.01477
Zimbabwe 1994 28.9 23.5 25.0 21.0 17.3 23.5 1.671 11.600 -0.09625 0.02156
Zimbabwe 1999 13.7 13.6 17.4 13.8 10.8 13.9 1.269 2.900 -0.02633 0.02343
G. ALL COUNTRIES 19.0 18.2 17.4 16.5 13.9 17.2 1.361 5.030 -0.05719 0.02001
- 28 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION

Cambodia 2000 18.3 20.4 19.5 21.6 19.4 19.8 0.943 1.100 0.00927 0.01317
Indonesia 1997 10.4 9.6 8.2 9.2 6.8 9.0 1.529 3.600 -0.05457 0.01366
Indonesia 2002/03 8.3 8.6 7.6 7.9 5.2 7.6 1.597 3.096 -0.08191 0.01633
Philippines 1998 15.3 13.4 13.6 12.6 9.1 13.3 1.681 6.200 -0.07338 0.01744
Philippines 2003 14.6 11.0 9.0 7.6 5.8 10.2 2.503 8.793 -0.17451 0.02171
Vietnam 1997 14.0 18.1 15.9 9.8 10.1 14.2 1.386 3.900 -0.05695 0.03189
Vietnam 2002 23.7 21.4 19.6 16.9 14.0 19.5 1.693 9.700 -0.07753 0.03223
Armenia 2000 10.2 11.2 10.4 14.6 11.0 11.4 0.927 0.800 0.02175 0.04190
Kazakhstan 1995 5.1 2.9 1.7 11.2 5.3 5.1 0.962 0.200 0.15869 0.10587
Kazakhstan 1999 2.7 3.9 2.8 3.9 1.1 3.0 2.455 1.600 -0.03829 0.08697
Kyrgyzstan 1997 6.2 4.6 2.9 4.5 2.6 4.4 2.385 3.600 -0.05915 0.06232
Turkey 1993 15.5 14.8 13.0 9.4 6.6 12.3 2.348 8.900 -0.12873 0.02634
Uzbekistan 1996 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 4.3 1.2 0.070 4.000 0.67020 0.21476
Bolivia 1998 26.5 26.7 20.3 24.4 21.7 24.2 1.221 4.800 -0.04708 0.01281
Bolivia 2003 21.3 20.3 22.6 25.9 21.2 22.2 1.002 0.043 0.01050 0.01191
Brazil 1996 25.3 26.7 23.0 20.6 20.5 23.7 1.234 4.800 -0.03603 0.01528
Colombia 1995 27.4 22.4 22.0 23.4 26.3 24.3 1.042 1.100 -0.02794 0.01536
Colombia 2000 16.5 17.8 14.5 14.5 13.3 15.6 1.241 3.200 -0.05553 0.02001
Colombia 2005 10.2 9.5 8.9 10.3 9.2 9.6 1.111 1.019 -0.04518 0.01602
Guatemala 1995 23.1 21.0 22.2 23.3 18.5 21.9 1.249 4.600 -0.03627 0.01205
Guatemala 1998/99 18.9 21.9 23.1 14.3 16.5 19.2 1.145 2.400 -0.04242 0.01872
Haiti 1994/95 20.6 21.7 20.2 21.1 15.3 20.2 1.346 5.300 -0.04247 0.01992
Haiti 2000 46.7 44.9 37.9 36.0 27.4 39.3 1.704 19.300 -0.09101 0.00959
Nicaragua 1997/98 29.1 27.4 24.6 27.1 20.8 26.4 1.399 8.300 -0.06088 0.01111
Nicaragua 2001 34.5 34.4 31.2 26.8 23.4 30.9 1.474 11.100 -0.06641 0.01113
Paraguay 1990 16.8 19.1 20.0 17.1 12.7 17.2 1.323 4.100 -0.02672 0.01986
Peru 1996 24.9 21.6 18.3 18.9 13.4 20.4 1.858 11.500 -0.10160 0.00906
Peru 2000 21.0 21.4 20.6 17.9 18.1 20.2 1.160 2.900 -0.02949 0.01041
Egypt 1995 21.5 23.7 25.0 24.9 21.1 23.2 1.019 0.400 0.00395 0.01007
Egypt 2000 11.8 10.9 9.5 8.2 6.9 9.5 1.710 4.900 -0.10499 0.01731
Jordan 1997 11.1 11.3 9.2 9.9 9.0 10.2 1.233 2.100 na na
Morocco 1992 18.8 14.6 15.9 14.7 9.9 15.2 1.899 8.900 -0.09493 0.01984
Morocco 2003/04 11.8 12.4 12.4 10.8 10.4 11.6 1.141 1.458 -0.01548 0.02051
Yemen 1997 26.0 24.7 23.4 23.2 19.3 23.4 1.347 6.700 -0.04292 0.01022
E. SOUTH ASIA 20.3 20.7 21.0 17.9 15.5 19.2 1.304 4.730 -0.06190 0.01318
Bangladesh 1996/97 12.7 14.8 13.8 11.3 10.6 12.8 1.198 2.100 -0.05401 0.01922
Bangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na na
Bangladesh 2004 21.4 22.3 20.7 16.1 14.1 19.3 1.520 7.322 -0.08791 0.01447
India 1992/93 7.0 7.2 7.3 5.7 4.2 6.4 1.667 2.800 -0.08621 0.01042
India 1998/99 21.5 20.6 20.3 17.6 13.9 19.1 1.547 7.600 -0.07551 0.00672
Nepal 1996 34.9 32.8 34.1 37.3 29.9 34.1 1.167 5.000 0.00619 0.01232
Nepal 2001 21.5 23.7 24.6 21.8 22.3 22.8 0.964 0.800 0.00121 0.01337
Pakistan 1990/91 16.7 16.0 18.5 16.0 11.9 15.8 1.403 4.800 -0.08538 0.01814
- 29 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION (Cont.)

Benin 1996 17.1 18.8 15.0 12.3 14.2 15.7 1.204 2.900 -0.07008 0.02645
Benin 2001 12.0 11.5 11.6 13.3 11.3 12.0 1.062 0.700 0.00356 0.02347
Burkina Faso 1992/93 4.0 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.6 4.5 0.862 0.633 0.03751 0.03627
Burkina Faso 1998/99 14.2 15.6 13.5 12.1 11.3 13.5 1.257 2.900 -0.05793 0.01974
Burkina Faso 2003 8.2 8.8 9.1 8.8 7.5 8.6 1.099 0.743 0.00257 0.01964
Cameroon 1991 7.7 12.3 6.2 8.2 8.4 8.7 0.917 0.700 -0.05248 0.03373
Cameroon 1998 16.7 21.8 21.7 22.7 16.3 19.7 1.025 0.400 0.00006 0.02424
Cameroon 2004 10.7 12.1 9.7 11.0 11.7 11.0 0.915 0.994 0.01999 0.01983
Chad 1996/97 10.0 12.4 14.0 13.7 13.7 12.7 0.730 3.700 0.04108 0.01838
Chad 2004 7.4 10.7 8.0 9.5 10.1 9.2 0.738 2.645 -0.00330 0.02413
Comoros 1996 26.1 23.7 20.0 20.2 19.6 22.3 1.332 6.500 -0.06618 0.03494
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 11.5 15.2 10.6 13.8 19.1 13.7 0.602 7.600 0.04569 0.02507
Eritrea 1995 25.8 25.0 20.2 24.2 16.8 23.0 1.536 9.000 -0.07173 0.02204
Ethiopia 2000 22.3 24.3 29.0 25.0 20.8 24.4 1.072 1.500 -0.03590 0.00981
Gabon 2000 13.2 12.0 14.8 12.5 12.6 13.0 1.048 0.600 -0.01933 0.02431
Ghana 1993 13.0 12.2 9.8 6.5 8.8 10.1 1.477 4.200 -0.11246 0.03892
Ghana 1998 14.4 15.6 14.6 11.3 11.5 13.8 1.252 2.900 -0.06257 0.02509
Ghana 2003 11.4 9.9 10.4 10.3 7.3 10.1 1.557 4.079 -0.01936 0.02765
Guinea 1999 18.3 15.2 14.8 16.4 14.4 15.9 1.271 3.900 -0.03356 0.01895
Kenya 1993 5.8 7.0 5.9 8.2 6.2 6.6 0.935 0.403 0.01660 0.02895
Kenya 1998 23.1 21.0 19.4 20.6 15.2 20.1 1.520 7.900 -0.06179 0.01999
Kenya 2003 18.1 22.9 17.5 17.5 15.7 18.4 1.150 2.365 -0.03474 0.01607
Madagascar 1997 27.3 25.6 25.0 21.4 16.0 23.9 1.706 11.300 -0.09705 0.01676
Malawi 1992 16.8 14.4 13.8 13.6 13.3 14.4 1.263 3.500 -0.03648 0.02287
Malawi 2000 29.1 26.8 30.9 26.1 19.0 26.7 1.532 10.100 -0.05372 0.00910
Mali 1995/96 15.4 16.6 15.0 15.3 13.9 15.3 1.108 1.500 -0.01832 0.01908
Mali 2001 10.4 9.0 10.8 8.4 10.9 9.9 0.954 0.500 0.04363 0.01843
Mauritania 2000/01 8.4 7.2 9.9 13.5 10.9 9.9 0.771 2.500 0.10482 0.02799
Mozambique 1997 11.7 11.2 10.4 10.2 16.0 11.8 0.731 4.300 0.03627 0.02733
Mozambique 2003 7.8 11.3 7.7 10.1 14.0 9.8 0.557 6.208 0.11788 0.01949
Namibia 1992 26.2 22.9 19.2 11.0 11.1 17.9 2.360 15.100 -0.20680 0.02170
Namibia 2000 17.0 24.4 21.1 14.0 12.1 17.7 1.405 4.900 -0.08143 0.01923
Niger 1998 13.3 14.7 15.7 13.7 13.3 14.2 1.000 0.000 0.00760 0.02097
Nigeria 1990 6.7 8.9 5.8 6.3 5.1 6.7 1.314 1.600 -0.12265 0.02395
Nigeria 2003 11.1 12.4 12.1 9.2 6.2 10.3 1.784 4.879 -0.09801 0.02305
Rwanda 2000 26.0 23.1 20.8 22.1 15.4 21.2 1.688 10.600 -0.07698 0.01258
South Africa 1998 19.6 19.1 19.7 16.9 21.2 19.3 0.925 1.600 -0.00087 0.01679
Tanzania 1996 11.6 12.9 14.2 13.9 12.3 13.0 0.943 0.700 0.00135 0.01898
Tanzania 1999 13.6 12.9 11.5 18.8 13.1 13.9 1.038 0.500 -0.02018 0.02536
Tanzania 2004 8.9 7.5 8.3 8.3 7.3 8.1 1.226 1.652 -0.01963 0.02293
Togo 1998 21.9 19.6 19.5 21.4 18.1 20.2 1.210 3.800 -0.01342 0.01845
Uganda 1995 32.0 28.8 27.2 28.1 18.6 27.1 1.720 13.400 -0.10236 0.01292
Uganda 2000/01 23.4 25.1 21.0 23.3 18.8 22.5 1.245 4.600 -0.04721 0.01306
Zambia 1996 12.9 13.0 11.3 15.5 10.3 12.7 1.252 2.600 -0.02897 0.02051
Zambia 2001 15.5 14.8 17.3 14.5 9.0 14.6 1.722 6.500 -0.04526 0.01823
Zimbabwe 1994 34.9 28.4 25.0 20.3 16.0 25.4 2.181 18.900 -0.13772 0.02001
Zimbabwe 1999 18.2 18.3 18.0 13.5 11.6 15.8 1.569 6.600 -0.08295 0.02136
G. ALL COUNTRIES 16.9 17.1 16.3 15.5 13.6 16.0 1.245 3.336 -0.02072 0.02456
- 30 -
Part I: HNP Status
Fertility
TOTAL FERTILITY RATE

Cambodia 2000 4.7 4.4 3.9 3.9 2.2 3.8 2.136 2.500 -0.12734 0.00060
Indonesia 1997 3.3 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.8 1.650 1.300 -0.09552 0.00019
Indonesia 2002/03 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.6 1.384 0.828 -0.05681 0.01823
Philippines 1998 6.5 4.7 3.6 2.9 2.1 3.7 3.095 4.400 -0.22212 0.00052
Philippines 2003 5.9 4.6 3.5 2.8 2.0 3.5 2.954 3.884 -0.21021 0.04072
Vietnam 1997 3.1 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.6 2.3 1.938 1.500 -0.14135 0.00038
Vietnam 2002 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.571 0.800 -0.09038 0.00028
Armenia 2000 2.5 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.563 0.900 -0.09182 0.00091
Kazakhstan 1995 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.2 1.4 2.5 2.357 1.900 -0.16006 0.00117
Kazakhstan 1999 3.4 2.5 2.1 1.6 1.2 2.0 2.833 2.200 -0.12309 0.00072
Kyrgyzstan 1997 4.6 3.6 3.6 3.3 2.0 3.4 2.300 2.600 -0.14119 0.00113
Turkey 1993 3.7 2.9 2.5 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.467 2.200 -0.12293 0.00039
Turkey 1998 3.9 3.1 2.7 2.0 1.7 2.6 2.294 2.200 -0.18475 0.00053
Uzbekistan 1996 4.4 3.7 3.2 3.2 2.2 3.3 2.000 2.200 -0.11707 0.00082
Bolivia 1998 7.4 5.8 4.4 3.0 2.1 4.2 3.524 5.300 -0.24288 0.00057
Bolivia 2003 6.7 5.0 4.0 2.9 2.0 3.8 3.448 4.779 -0.23305 0.04890
Brazil 1996 4.8 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.5 2.824 3.100 -0.20237 0.00075
Colombia 1995 5.2 3.7 2.8 2.3 1.7 3.0 3.059 3.500 -0.20999 0.00062
Colombia 2000 4.4 3.3 2.4 1.9 1.8 2.6 2.444 2.600 -0.18440 0.00048
Colombia 2005 4.1 2.8 2.4 1.8 1.4 2.4 2.919 2.672 -0.20043 0.04581
Guatemala 1995 8.0 6.9 5.6 3.9 2.4 5.1 3.333 5.600 -0.22487 0.00066
Guatemala 1998/99 7.6 6.8 5.1 4.1 2.9 5.0 2.621 4.700 -0.19280 0.00068
Haiti 1994/95 7.0 6.2 5.5 4.0 2.3 4.8 3.043 4.700 -0.21016 0.00432
Haiti 2000 6.8 6.0 5.0 4.4 2.7 4.7 2.519 4.100 -0.17012 0.00060
Nicaragua 1997/98 6.6 4.6 3.5 2.7 1.9 3.6 3.474 4.700 -0.23476 0.00055
Nicaragua 2001 5.6 3.9 3.1 2.4 2.1 3.2 2.667 3.500 -0.19719 0.00054
Paraguay 1990 7.9 6.3 4.3 3.9 2.7 4.7 2.926 5.200 -0.21024 0.00071
Peru 1996 6.6 4.6 3.4 2.6 1.7 3.5 3.882 4.900 -0.25255 0.00040
Peru 2000 5.5 3.7 2.6 2.0 1.6 2.8 3.438 3.900 -0.24080 0.00039
Egypt 1995 4.4 3.8 3.4 3.1 2.7 3.6 1.630 1.700 -0.09840 0.00019
Egypt 2000 4.0 3.4 3.3 3.2 2.9 3.5 1.379 1.100 -0.05936 0.00018
Jordan 1997 5.2 5.0 4.3 3.5 3.1 4.4 1.677 2.100 -0.10797 0.00027
Morocco 1992 6.7 5.2 4.2 2.8 2.3 4.0 2.913 4.400 -0.21287 0.00054
Morocco 2003/04 3.3 3.1 2.5 1.8 1.9 2.5 1.704 1.370 -0.12564 0.01250
Yemen 1997 7.3 7.0 7.3 6.4 4.7 6.5 1.553 2.600 -0.04545 0.00025
E. SOUTH ASIA 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.4 2.6 3.7 1.732 1.892 -0.10435 0.00725
Bangladesh 1996/97 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.1 2.2 3.3 1.727 1.600 -0.09245 0.00056
Bangladesh 1999/2000 4.6 3.7 3.3 2.8 2.2 3.3 2.091 2.400 -0.13861 0.00039
Bangladesh 2004 4.1 3.2 3.2 2.5 2.2 3.0 1.833 1.866 -0.11591 0.02785
India 1992/93 4.1 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.1 3.4 1.952 2.000 -0.12441 0.00012
India 1998/99 3.4 3.1 2.6 2.3 1.8 2.8 1.889 1.600 -0.12051 0.00011
Nepal 1996 6.2 5.0 4.7 4.4 2.9 4.6 2.138 3.300 -0.12690 0.00060
Nepal 2001 5.3 4.8 4.7 3.8 2.3 4.1 2.304 3.000 -0.14027 0.00071
Pakistan 1990/91 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.0 4.9 1.275 1.100 -0.04071 0.00032
- 31 -
Part I: HNP Status
Fertility
TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (Cont.)

Benin 1996 7.3 6.9 6.8 5.4 3.8 6.0 1.921 3.500 -0.11679 0.00075
Benin 2001 7.2 6.6 6.5 5.0 3.5 5.6 2.057 3.700 -0.13500 0.00071
Burkina Faso 1992/93 7.5 6.6 7.1 7.1 4.6 6.5 1.627 2.904 -0.06908 0.04301
Burkina Faso 1998/99 7.2 6.9 6.8 7.0 4.5 6.4 1.600 2.700 -0.06996 0.00075
Burkina Faso 2003 6.6 6.8 6.4 6.5 3.6 5.9 1.844 3.023 -0.09726 0.05786
Cameroon 1991 6.2 6.8 6.1 5.3 4.8 5.8 1.292 1.400 -0.06208 0.00040
Cameroon 1998 5.9 5.7 5.0 4.3 3.6 4.8 1.639 2.300 -0.10401 0.00045
Cameroon 2004 6.5 6.0 5.6 4.3 3.2 5.0 2.034 3.311 -0.14043 0.03328
Chad 1996/97 7.1 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.2 6.4 1.145 0.900 -0.01822 0.00029
Chad 2004 5.1 6.6 6.9 7.2 6.0 6.3 0.858 0.854 0.02956 0.03626
Comoros 1996 6.4 5.5 4.5 4.1 3.0 4.6 2.133 3.400 -0.14055 0.00090
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 6.4 6.1 5.7 4.9 3.7 5.3 1.730 2.700 -0.10420 0.00051
Eritrea 1995 8.0 7.2 6.4 5.9 3.7 6.1 2.162 4.300 -0.13763 0.00086
Ethiopia 2000 6.3 6.2 5.9 5.8 3.6 5.5 1.750 2.700 -0.09158 0.00053
Gabon 2000 6.3 5.0 4.1 3.5 3.0 4.2 2.100 3.300 -0.14040 0.00056
Ghana 1993 6.7 6.0 5.6 4.7 3.4 5.2 1.971 3.300 -0.12255 0.00070
Ghana 1998 6.3 5.1 5.0 3.9 2.4 4.4 2.625 3.900 -0.17152 0.00102
Ghana 2003 6.4 5.9 4.9 3.3 2.8 4.4 2.324 3.648 -0.17939 0.02715
Guinea 1999 5.8 6.5 6.3 5.4 4.0 5.5 1.450 1.800 -0.06823 0.00067
Kenya 1993 7.2 6.2 5.6 5.3 3.3 5.4 2.171 3.907 -0.13507 0.04444
Kenya 1998 6.5 5.6 4.7 4.2 3.0 4.7 2.167 3.500 -0.15138 0.00056
Kenya 2003 7.6 5.8 5.1 4.0 3.1 4.9 2.443 4.496 -0.17409 0.03610
Madagascar 1997 8.1 6.3 6.8 5.7 3.4 6.0 2.382 4.700 -0.14232 0.00086
Malawi 1992 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.4 6.1 6.7 1.180 1.100 -0.03356 0.00026
Malawi 2000 7.1 7.0 6.4 6.2 4.8 6.3 1.479 2.300 -0.06493 0.00021
Mali 1995/96 6.9 7.3 7.4 7.1 5.1 6.7 1.353 1.800 -0.05120 0.00052
Mali 2001 7.3 7.5 7.3 6.8 5.3 6.8 1.377 2.000 -0.05905 0.00034
Mauritania 2000/01 5.4 4.8 4.9 4.1 3.5 4.5 1.543 1.900 -0.08055 0.00036
Mozambique 1997 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.9 4.4 5.2 1.182 0.800 -0.01131 0.00046
Mozambique 2003 6.3 6.1 6.3 5.2 3.8 5.5 1.687 2.582 -0.09318 0.04017
Namibia 1992 6.9 7.2 5.9 4.8 3.6 5.4 1.917 3.300 -0.13966 0.00057
Namibia 2000 6.0 5.2 4.6 3.6 2.7 4.2 2.222 3.300 -0.15729 0.00059
Niger 1998 8.4 7.3 7.8 7.2 5.7 7.2 1.474 2.700 -0.05768 0.00045
Nigeria 1990 6.6 6.5 5.9 6.3 4.7 6.0 1.404 1.900 -0.05496 0.00044
Nigeria 2003 6.5 6.3 5.7 5.9 4.2 5.7 1.550 2.314 -0.07507 0.03118
Rwanda 2000 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.4 5.8 1.111 0.600 -0.01527 0.00018
Senegal 1997 7.4 6.8 6.2 5.2 3.6 5.7 2.056 3.800 -0.13544 0.00058
South Africa 1998 4.8 3.6 2.7 2.2 1.9 2.9 2.526 2.900 -0.18401 0.00046
Tanzania 1996 7.8 6.0 6.4 5.4 3.9 5.8 2.000 3.900 -0.11895 0.00061
Tanzania 1999 7.8 6.4 6.1 5.0 3.4 5.6 2.294 4.400 -0.15181 0.00098
Tanzania 2004 7.3 6.7 6.6 5.3 3.3 5.7 2.234 4.054 -0.14352 0.05115
Togo 1998 7.3 6.6 6.0 4.1 2.9 5.2 2.517 4.400 -0.18316 0.00064
Uganda 1995 7.5 7.2 7.3 6.9 5.4 6.9 1.389 2.100 -0.05537 0.00043
Uganda 2000/01 8.5 8.2 7.5 6.3 4.1 6.9 2.073 4.400 -0.13064 0.00073
Zambia 1996 7.4 6.7 6.4 5.7 4.4 6.1 1.682 3.000 -0.10057 0.00044
Zambia 2001 7.3 7.2 6.8 5.1 3.6 5.9 2.028 3.700 -0.13305 0.00067
Zimbabwe 1994 6.2 4.8 4.3 3.9 2.8 4.3 2.214 3.400 -0.14672 0.00066
Zimbabwe 1999 4.9 4.6 4.5 3.9 2.6 4.0 1.885 2.300 -0.11792 0.00073
G. ALL COUNTRIES 5.7 5.1 4.7 4.1 3.0 4.4 1.897 2.716 -0.12444 0.01020
- 32 -
Part I: HNP Status
Fertility
ADOLESCENT FERTILITY RATE

Cambodia 2000 50.0 48.0 56.0 51.0 25.0 44.0 2.000 25.000 -0.11160 0.00174
Indonesia 1997 75.0 63.0 55.0 41.0 15.0 62.0 5.000 60.000 -0.25346 0.00125
Indonesia 2002/03 79.5 58.6 53.6 46.4 23.6 50.9 3.365 55.905 -0.15725 0.06145
Philippines 1998 130.0 90.0 32.0 29.0 12.0 46.0 10.833 118.000 -0.44261 0.00179
Philippines 2003 133.7 84.1 51.7 32.3 15.8 52.5 8.452 117.895 -0.39022 0.07255
Vietnam 1997 51.0 41.0 27.0 18.0 11.0 32.0 4.636 40.000 -0.26233 0.00373
Vietnam 2002 39.0 27.0 23.0 11.0 6.0 22.0 6.500 33.000 -0.32235 0.00399
Armenia 2000 107.0 61.0 27.0 35.0 32.0 50.0 3.344 75.000 -0.25620 0.00341
Kazakhstan 1995 104.0 55.0 91.0 45.0 28.0 64.0 3.714 76.000 -0.21580 0.00522
Kazakhstan 1999 46.0 35.0 46.0 50.0 21.0 40.0 2.190 25.000 -0.22984 0.00499
Kyrgyzstan 1997 120.0 81.0 61.0 91.0 29.0 75.0 4.138 91.000 -0.18031 0.00546
Turkey 1993 56.0 66.0 64.0 43.0 32.0 55.0 1.750 24.000 -0.03557 0.00096
Turkey 1998 81.0 63.0 65.0 56.0 28.0 60.0 2.893 53.000 -0.21264 0.00322
Uzbekistan 1996 56.0 54.0 77.0 70.0 45.0 61.0 1.244 11.000 -0.00623 0.00299
Bolivia 1998 168.0 126.0 100.0 68.0 27.0 84.0 6.222 141.000 -0.30929 0.00233
Bolivia 2003 160.5 127.9 81.2 73.1 38.2 84.0 4.200 122.282 -0.25584 0.06072
Brazil 1996 176.0 109.0 70.0 57.0 28.0 86.0 6.286 148.000 -0.31361 0.00203
Colombia 1995 180.0 126.0 93.0 65.0 24.0 89.0 7.500 156.000 -0.31963 0.00266
Colombia 2000 155.0 133.0 90.0 45.0 34.0 85.0 4.559 121.000 -0.29987 0.00162
Colombia 2005 155.0 118.2 96.9 60.5 37.4 90.4 4.141 117.548 -0.25128 0.06309
Guatemala 1995 203.0 173.0 141.0 108.0 54.0 126.0 3.759 149.000 -0.23115 0.00173
Guatemala 1998/99 182.0 182.0 116.0 113.0 32.0 117.0 5.688 150.000 -0.26628 0.00389
Haiti 1994/95 105.0 99.0 92.0 93.0 25.0 76.0 4.200 80.000 -0.20190 0.00107
Haiti 2000 101.0 95.0 120.0 91.0 54.0 86.0 1.870 47.000 -0.12270 0.00172
Nicaragua 1997/98 213.0 176.0 147.0 90.0 58.0 130.0 3.672 155.000 -0.24193 0.00138
Nicaragua 2001 193.0 150.0 122.0 94.0 70.0 119.0 2.757 123.000 -0.19126 0.00106
Paraguay 1990 181.0 130.0 95.0 70.0 34.0 97.0 5.324 147.000 -0.29801 0.00283
Peru 1996 169.0 126.0 77.0 45.0 18.0 75.0 9.389 151.000 -0.38249 0.00143
Peru 2000 163.0 98.0 56.0 38.0 23.0 66.0 7.087 140.000 -0.36702 0.00120
Egypt 1995 93.0 73.0 69.0 37.0 25.0 61.0 3.720 68.000 -0.22625 0.00133
Egypt 2000 57.0 71.0 55.0 44.0 16.0 51.0 3.563 41.000 -0.17843 0.00184
Jordan 1997 44.0 60.0 43.0 25.0 30.0 43.0 1.467 14.000 -0.12622 0.00164
Morocco 1992 52.0 51.0 48.0 30.0 21.0 40.0 2.476 31.000 -0.17090 0.00198
Morocco 2003/04 50.7 35.7 44.3 21.0 12.5 32.4 4.050 38.207 -0.22823 0.08463
Yemen 1997 121.0 100.0 121.0 101.0 82.0 105.0 1.476 39.000 0.00996 0.00042
E. SOUTH ASIA 142.0 123.6 114.4 97.6 57.9 107.0 2.454 84.106 -0.14657 0.01245
Bangladesh 1996/97 187.0 171.0 170.0 133.0 91.0 147.0 2.055 96.000 -0.11861 0.00165
Bangladesh 1999/2000 207.0 177.0 160.0 112.0 78.0 144.0 2.654 129.000 -0.18343 0.00111
Bangladesh 2004 189.9 157.6 153.5 121.3 85.4 137.1 2.222 104.422 -0.12445 0.04567
India 1992/93 135.0 140.0 116.0 84.0 45.0 116.0 3.000 90.000 -0.19504 0.00051
India 1998/99 134.0 130.0 102.0 78.0 36.0 107.0 3.722 98.000 -0.21269 0.00079
Nepal 1996 143.0 149.0 132.0 128.0 90.0 127.0 1.589 53.000 -0.08416 0.00111
Nepal 2001 156.0 120.0 136.0 115.0 66.0 110.0 2.364 90.000 -0.13250 0.00171
Pakistan 1990/91 88.0 87.0 66.0 76.0 44.0 74.0 2.000 44.000 -0.11665 0.00164
- 33 -
Part I: HNP Status
Fertility
ADOLESCENT FERTILITY RATE (Cont.)

Benin 1996 178.0 175.0 143.0 113.0 33.0 119.0 5.394 145.000 -0.25183 0.00422
Benin 2001 176.0 151.0 155.0 90.0 35.0 109.0 5.029 141.000 -0.27568 0.00349
Burkina Faso 1992/93 186.1 139.2 173.7 191.5 97.4 148.9 1.912 88.757 -0.08760 0.06388
Burkina Faso 1998/99 168.0 129.0 148.0 148.0 90.0 131.0 1.867 78.000 -0.09258 0.00194
Burkina Faso 2003 142.3 161.9 138.7 132.6 61.1 119.2 2.328 81.164 -0.15814 0.07297
Cameroon 1991 208.0 207.0 184.0 150.0 101.0 164.0 2.059 107.000 -0.13871 0.00212
Cameroon 1998 202.0 198.0 162.0 100.0 63.0 137.0 3.206 139.000 -0.22666 0.00215
Cameroon 2004 203.8 190.4 158.4 114.6 70.3 137.7 2.898 133.512 -0.20329 0.04947
Chad 1996/97 178.0 177.0 191.0 201.0 205.0 190.0 0.868 27.000 0.03331 0.00054
Chad 2004 138.8 220.2 223.5 191.9 164.1 187.3 0.846 25.288 0.00752 0.05671
Comoros 1996 65.0 102.0 69.0 42.0 25.0 59.0 2.600 40.000 -0.20741 0.00472
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 191.0 192.0 159.0 134.0 72.0 140.0 2.653 119.000 -0.18180 0.00182
Eritrea 1995 226.0 128.0 181.0 140.0 40.0 125.0 5.650 186.000 -0.25845 0.00458
Ethiopia 2000 84.0 113.0 131.0 119.0 67.0 100.0 1.254 17.000 -0.05675 0.00175
Gabon 2000 205.0 194.0 147.0 135.0 71.0 142.0 2.887 134.000 -0.19005 0.00205
Ghana 1993 149.0 149.0 119.0 115.0 72.0 116.0 2.069 77.000 -0.13217 0.00235
Ghana 1998 129.0 105.0 125.0 87.0 24.0 88.0 5.375 105.000 -0.23081 0.00512
Ghana 2003 132.7 113.4 113.2 50.1 16.3 73.7 8.158 116.431 -0.34044 0.11245
Guinea 1999 210.0 207.0 214.0 167.0 93.0 168.0 2.258 117.000 -0.15391 0.00218
Kenya 1993 156.5 109.6 120.3 122.1 66.8 110.4 2.343 89.692 -0.11731 0.06409
Kenya 1998 163.0 143.0 108.0 103.0 63.0 111.0 2.587 100.000 -0.17796 0.00162
Kenya 2003 173.5 141.2 111.3 93.7 80.8 114.2 2.148 92.723 -0.15325 0.02741
Madagascar 1997 271.0 215.0 206.0 141.0 78.0 180.0 3.474 193.000 -0.21105 0.00232
Malawi 1992 143.0 171.0 196.0 162.0 131.0 161.0 1.092 12.000 -0.01925 0.00195
Malawi 2000 192.0 170.0 176.0 186.0 140.0 172.0 1.371 52.000 -0.02502 0.00043
Mali 1995/96 198.0 219.0 210.0 217.0 122.0 187.0 1.623 76.000 -0.08744 0.00174
Mali 2001 200.0 246.0 225.0 203.0 108.0 185.0 1.852 92.000 -0.12953 0.00163
Mauritania 2000/01 85.0 106.0 95.0 67.0 52.0 80.0 1.635 33.000 -0.11085 0.00186
Mozambique 1997 191.0 144.0 178.0 208.0 126.0 171.0 1.516 65.000 -0.04844 0.00177
Mozambique 2003 234.1 196.8 207.7 188.0 110.5 178.7 2.118 123.566 -0.13893 0.04649
Namibia 1992 105.0 119.0 106.0 118.0 99.0 109.0 1.061 6.000 -0.01307 0.00132
Namibia 2000 102.0 92.0 101.0 82.0 64.0 88.0 1.594 38.000 -0.07744 0.00166
Niger 1998 260.0 231.0 229.0 246.0 148.0 218.0 1.757 112.000 -0.07877 0.00160
Nigeria 1990 194.0 213.0 116.0 151.0 66.0 146.0 2.939 128.000 -0.18304 0.00226
Nigeria 2003 183.9 161.8 152.4 97.8 57.7 126.3 3.186 126.190 -0.20084 0.06232
Rwanda 2000 51.0 49.0 60.0 53.0 49.0 52.0 1.041 2.000 -0.00572 0.00047
Senegal 1997 189.0 147.0 109.0 83.0 36.0 103.0 5.250 153.000 -0.28480 0.00234
South Africa 1998 108.0 109.0 66.0 68.0 22.0 76.0 4.909 86.000 -0.21252 0.00251
Tanzania 1996 151.0 130.0 165.0 160.0 93.0 135.0 1.624 58.000 -0.07161 0.00180
Tanzania 1999 196.0 141.0 178.0 117.0 81.0 138.0 2.420 115.000 -0.15197 0.00301
Tanzania 2004 172.5 159.2 163.8 129.2 71.4 132.5 2.418 101.179 -0.15966 0.06114
Togo 1998 142.0 129.0 114.0 79.0 35.0 89.0 4.057 107.000 -0.25975 0.00237
Uganda 1995 222.0 206.0 223.0 208.0 171.0 204.0 1.298 51.000 -0.04309 0.00090
Uganda 2000/01 225.0 226.0 204.0 149.0 112.0 178.0 2.009 113.000 -0.14489 0.00130
Zambia 1996 210.0 172.0 179.0 161.0 86.0 158.0 2.442 124.000 -0.14472 0.00183
Zambia 2001 194.0 209.0 180.0 154.0 94.0 160.0 2.064 100.000 -0.13770 0.00163
Zimbabwe 1994 144.0 126.0 83.0 112.0 59.0 99.0 2.441 85.000 -0.15333 0.00214
Zimbabwe 1999 162.0 108.0 106.0 130.0 74.0 112.0 2.189 88.000 -0.10945 0.00233
G. ALL COUNTRIES 142.5 126.5 115.0 96.2 56.6 103.0 2.519 85.944 -0.17804 0.01906
- 34 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MODERATE STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN

A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na na
Cambodia 2000 26.9 26.4 23.1 26.1 13.5 24.1 1.993 13.400 -0.05696 0.01674
Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na na
Indonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na na
Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na na
Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na na
Armenia 2000 15.7 11.2 10.1 6.2 7.9 10.5 1.987 7.800 -0.16522 0.04448
Kazakhstan 1995 24.4 9.6 11.5 9.6 3.0 12.6 8.133 21.400 -0.24924 0.05127
Kazakhstan 1999 13.2 6.3 4.4 4.1 3.7 7.3 3.568 9.500 -0.26477 0.09242
Kyrgyzstan 1997 27.9 22.2 13.8 13.1 11.6 18.8 2.405 16.300 -0.18164 0.03672
Turkey 1993 21.6 18.2 15.1 7.4 3.9 14.1 5.538 17.700 -0.25761 0.02359
Turkey 1998 14.8 14.0 8.8 6.1 3.2 9.9 4.625 11.600 -0.26470 0.03462
Uzbekistan 1996 19.5 16.1 18.3 15.4 16.0 17.3 1.219 3.500 -0.05476 0.04194
Bolivia 1998 25.4 21.5 18.1 8.7 3.9 17.4 6.513 21.500 -0.21477 0.01556
Bolivia 2003 27.2 24.3 16.6 11.3 4.5 18.6 6.037 22.731 -0.21621 0.01211
Brazil 1996 16.8 6.6 4.5 3.4 2.0 7.9 8.400 14.800 -0.41257 0.03273
Colombia 1995 16.7 13.0 11.2 6.6 4.5 11.5 3.711 12.200 -0.22718 0.02349
Colombia 2000 17.3 12.6 9.0 5.6 4.6 10.7 3.761 12.700 -0.26165 0.02666
Colombia 2005 15.4 10.1 9.0 5.4 2.2 9.5 6.952 13.160 -0.28708 0.01653
Guatemala 1995 29.4 31.0 29.5 22.3 10.1 26.2 2.911 19.300 -0.07064 0.01089
Guatemala 1998/99 30.0 29.1 30.7 21.8 7.2 25.2 4.167 22.800 -0.13280 0.01603
Haiti 1994/95 20.1 15.9 19.9 16.2 8.4 16.9 2.393 11.700 -0.08751 0.02392
Haiti 2000 18.2 16.5 17.3 12.3 5.1 14.5 3.569 13.100 -0.16514 0.01849
Nicaragua 1997/98 22.6 19.2 15.0 8.6 5.6 15.7 4.036 17.000 -0.21348 0.01590
Nicaragua 2001 22.4 18.4 12.3 5.4 4.1 13.9 5.463 18.300 -0.27979 0.01891
Paraguay 1990 16.7 14.3 10.7 5.7 3.0 10.9 5.567 13.700 -0.26373 0.02645
Peru 1996 28.2 21.6 14.8 8.6 4.5 17.8 6.267 23.700 -0.27257 0.00971
Peru 2000 29.4 22.7 13.2 6.2 4.2 17.8 7.000 25.200 -0.29523 0.01114
Egypt 1995 18.6 19.4 17.0 15.1 10.6 16.4 1.750 7.971 -0.10175 0.01257
Egypt 2000 16.4 15.0 12.4 10.3 7.9 12.4 2.076 8.500 -0.14032 0.01470
Jordan 1997 10.5 7.0 4.3 3.5 4.5 6.2 2.333 6.000 -0.18467 0.02021
Morocco 1992 23.3 16.3 15.1 11.2 6.6 15.5 3.530 16.700 -0.20351 0.01964
Morocco 2003/04 17.2 12.4 11.6 7.8 6.9 11.7 2.498 10.317 -0.16995 0.02138
Yemen 1997 26.4 26.1 25.0 25.7 22.0 25.0 1.200 4.400 -0.03446 0.01145
E. SOUTH ASIA 28.0 25.5 23.5 24.7 19.4 24.5 1.444 8.608 -0.05573 0.01235
Bangladesh 1996/97 28.1 27.8 26.9 27.5 21.7 26.6 1.295 6.400 -0.03154 0.01366
Bangladesh 2004 29.0 28.0 27.3 26.9 18.7 26.4 1.553 10.331 -0.07787 0.01194
India 1992/93 23.5 23.2 24.2 23.7 20.3 23.1 1.158 3.200 -0.03171 0.00635
India 1998/99 25.0 23.6 22.8 22.1 17.4 22.5 1.437 7.600 -0.05661 0.00662
Nepal 1996 33.6 29.6 28.7 25.0 20.0 28.2 1.680 13.600 -0.07878 0.01491
Nepal 2001 32.7 30.6 26.8 28.8 24.6 29.2 1.329 8.100 -0.04615 0.01128
Pakistan 1990/91 25.2 19.9 17.1 21.0 16.8 19.8 1.500 8.400 -0.04229 0.01954
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Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MODERATE STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 17.0 20.1 17.7 17.6 12.1 17.2 1.405 4.900 -0.04812 0.02630
Benin 2001 21.9 22.5 20.1 18.7 14.3 19.7 1.531 7.600 -0.07023 0.01846
Burkina Faso 1992/93 20.1 22.1 22.9 21.0 14.6 20.3 1.374 5.462 -0.08957 0.01671
Burkina Faso 1998/99 20.9 21.1 20.1 23.2 15.0 20.2 1.393 5.900 -0.04762 0.01792
Burkina Faso 2003 19.5 20.2 20.4 20.5 13.5 19.2 1.444 6.009 -0.03747 0.01246
Cameroon 1991 18.9 19.6 22.4 15.2 7.9 16.4 2.392 11.000 -0.18743 0.02409
Cameroon 1998 20.5 21.2 20.2 19.1 10.1 18.6 2.030 10.400 -0.10056 0.02740
Cameroon 2004 21.4 21.0 21.8 15.4 9.9 18.6 2.160 11.502 -0.11892 0.02067
Chad 1996/97 23.0 20.7 19.9 15.5 18.4 19.6 1.250 4.600 -0.05702 0.01518
Chad 2004 19.7 15.3 19.7 18.1 16.6 17.8 1.191 3.160 -0.03844 0.01701
Comoros 1996 23.4 21.4 19.4 19.1 17.8 20.4 1.315 5.600 -0.06904 0.03752
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 20.9 18.0 17.4 11.7 10.3 16.1 2.029 10.600 -0.12931 0.02264
Eritrea 1995 22.7 21.4 17.5 22.2 14.6 20.1 1.555 8.100 -0.07683 0.02442
Ethiopia 2000 25.7 25.9 25.0 26.1 23.3 25.3 1.103 2.400 -0.03364 0.01010
Gabon 2000 20.7 18.3 13.5 6.3 8.8 14.0 2.352 11.900 -0.20453 0.02424
Ghana 1993 21.9 20.1 16.1 15.6 9.2 16.8 2.380 12.700 -0.13890 0.02854
Ghana 1998 20.3 20.5 18.2 10.5 9.1 16.6 2.231 11.200 -0.13048 0.02348
Ghana 2003 25.4 19.1 20.4 15.8 8.9 18.9 2.859 16.546 -0.15489 0.01981
Guinea 1999 18.8 15.2 16.6 17.4 11.6 16.0 1.621 7.200 -0.06710 0.02412
Kenya 1993 23.1 23.6 20.3 22.4 12.1 20.7 1.907 10.979 -0.08285 0.01603
Kenya 1998 26.7 21.5 19.1 20.8 10.5 20.3 2.543 16.200 -0.11586 0.01712
Kenya 2003 24.8 21.4 19.1 17.8 13.4 19.8 1.850 11.377 -0.09665 0.01555
Madagascar 1997 24.7 26.4 31.0 26.5 25.2 26.7 0.980 0.500 0.00842 0.01694
Malawi 1992 25.7 28.7 27.4 26.2 21.7 26.0 1.184 4.000 -0.03981 0.01656
Malawi 2000 25.8 24.8 24.2 25.2 22.6 24.6 1.142 3.200 -0.02512 0.01056
Mali 1995/96 14.2 17.5 16.6 17.0 12.1 15.6 1.174 2.100 -0.02696 0.01889
Mali 2001 19.7 22.4 19.0 18.4 12.2 18.5 1.615 7.500 -0.08876 0.01223
Mauritania 2000/01 18.1 22.0 18.2 16.7 14.7 18.0 1.231 3.400 -0.04897 0.02181
Mozambique 1997 22.4 23.1 20.3 22.2 14.4 20.2 1.556 8.000 -0.07086 0.02003
Mozambique 2003 25.2 26.0 25.2 21.2 13.4 22.8 1.877 11.764 -0.09119 0.01156
Namibia 1992 23.5 22.6 20.5 20.1 13.5 20.1 1.741 10.000 -0.07868 0.02310
Namibia 2000 18.4 17.4 16.5 14.0 9.1 15.5 2.022 9.300 -0.11949 0.02353
Niger 1998 21.2 20.6 22.8 22.9 20.9 21.6 1.014 0.300 -0.01333 0.01681
Nigeria 1990 22.2 19.7 21.0 21.8 19.2 20.8 1.156 3.000 -0.02379 0.01381
Nigeria 2003 22.7 20.7 21.8 16.0 13.1 18.9 1.741 9.674 -0.09792 0.01782
Rwanda 2000 27.0 26.0 27.1 23.5 15.7 23.7 1.720 11.300 -0.10209 0.01215
Tanzania 1996 27.8 26.6 27.6 25.1 19.6 25.6 1.418 8.200 -0.07095 0.01334
Tanzania 1999 28.5 30.6 27.9 24.6 16.3 26.2 1.748 12.200 -0.10223 0.01678
Tanzania 2004 27.7 26.9 27.3 26.5 11.4 24.8 2.429 16.319 -0.09544 0.01128
Togo 1998 19.0 14.8 14.1 13.6 10.1 14.8 1.881 8.900 -0.12171 0.02438
Uganda 1995 24.2 26.6 25.3 23.2 16.4 23.3 1.476 7.800 -0.08737 0.01443
Uganda 2000/01 25.1 24.3 25.7 24.2 18.0 23.8 1.394 7.100 -0.05499 0.01362
Zambia 1996 27.0 26.2 26.2 24.7 19.4 24.8 1.392 7.600 -0.05784 0.01378
Zambia 2001 26.9 26.3 25.3 24.0 19.5 24.7 1.379 7.400 -0.04844 0.01408
Zimbabwe 1994 17.4 18.7 16.8 14.7 8.0 15.3 2.175 9.400 -0.11789 0.02834
Zimbabwe 1999 19.2 16.2 21.4 15.1 13.1 17.0 1.466 6.100 -0.06774 0.02353
G. ALL COUNTRIES 21.8 19.6 18.3 16.2 12.1 18.1 1.798 9.679 -0.12338 0.02124
- 36 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
SEVERE STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN

Cambodia 2000 25.7 22.0 19.5 15.4 14.0 20.2 1.836 11.700 -0.10459 0.01985
Armenia 2000 3.3 4.3 1.8 1.2 1.4 2.5 2.357 1.900 -0.14299 0.08502
Kazakhstan 1995 3.5 5.8 2.6 2.0 1.2 3.1 2.917 2.300 -0.19318 0.10635
Kazakhstan 1999 2.1 1.4 3.9 2.0 3.8 2.5 0.553 1.700 -0.02309 0.14060
Kyrgyzstan 1997 6.0 8.0 6.8 5.5 2.7 6.0 2.222 3.300 -0.13716 0.06830
Turkey 1993 14.7 8.1 3.6 2.0 0.5 6.3 29.400 14.200 -0.45626 0.04274
Turkey 1998 13.7 6.4 4.6 3.0 0.5 6.1 27.400 13.200 -0.43767 0.04778
Uzbekistan 1996 20.1 13.4 11.2 9.1 14.5 14.0 1.386 5.600 -0.09351 0.04470
Bolivia 1998 18.0 9.8 6.7 4.8 2.1 9.4 8.571 15.900 -0.33367 0.02341
Bolivia 2003 14.5 11.1 4.8 2.6 1.1 7.8 13.070 13.426 -0.35121 0.02137
Brazil 1996 6.3 2.1 0.5 0.5 0.4 2.5 15.750 5.900 -0.57537 0.06879
Colombia 1995 6.9 3.7 2.2 1.1 1.4 3.5 4.929 5.500 -0.34539 0.04837
Colombia 2000 4.6 3.8 2.4 1.5 0.5 2.8 9.200 4.100 -0.28761 0.05231
Colombia 2005 4.4 2.4 0.8 0.7 0.6 2.1 7.327 3.757 -0.51563 0.04586
Guatemala 1995 35.2 30.6 24.0 11.2 2.0 23.5 17.600 33.200 -0.25962 0.01135
Guatemala 1998/99 35.3 30.4 22.8 6.5 0.3 21.2 117.667 35.000 -0.22899 0.01671
Haiti 1994/95 25.4 17.1 12.4 9.0 4.3 14.9 5.907 21.100 -0.27512 0.02644
Haiti 2000 12.6 9.3 7.3 3.7 2.3 7.5 5.478 10.300 -0.27972 0.02729
Nicaragua 1997/98 15.5 9.9 7.7 4.4 2.7 9.2 5.741 12.800 -0.28103 0.02289
Nicaragua 2001 12.8 7.4 3.3 3.0 0.4 6.2 32.000 12.400 -0.40694 0.03109
Paraguay 1990 5.8 4.7 1.7 0.6 0.0 3.0 - 5.800 -0.46996 0.05335
Peru 1996 17.4 9.2 4.0 1.4 0.7 8.0 24.857 16.700 -0.50474 0.01716
Peru 2000 17.6 7.9 3.5 0.9 0.3 7.7 58.667 17.300 -0.49495 0.01960
Egypt 1995 19.8 14.4 11.7 10.1 9.6 13.4 2.066 10.201 -0.14516 0.01447
Egypt 2000 10.1 6.5 6.3 4.8 3.1 6.2 3.258 7.000 -0.20477 0.02296
Jordan 1997 3.4 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 1.6 6.800 2.900 -0.22578 0.03686
Morocco 1992 15.9 12.1 6.5 2.5 1.4 8.7 11.357 14.500 -0.37357 0.02788
Morocco 2003/04 12.1 7.0 4.6 3.4 3.4 6.5 3.518 8.648 -0.26650 0.03026
Yemen 1997 31.3 31.7 31.4 27.1 12.9 26.7 2.426 18.400 -0.15440 0.01030
E. SOUTH ASIA 30.8 27.2 23.7 18.6 10.7 22.7 2.866 20.051 -0.19400 0.01260
Bangladesh 1996/97 33.0 35.1 31.1 23.9 13.1 28.1 2.519 19.900 -0.14184 0.01274
Bangladesh 2004 25.4 19.0 15.2 12.8 6.4 16.7 3.975 19.002 -0.22918 0.01596
India 1992/93 36.7 35.6 30.2 24.1 14.0 28.8 2.621 22.700 -0.16591 0.00519
India 1998/99 33.1 28.5 24.1 16.3 9.3 23.0 3.559 23.800 -0.21131 0.00651
Nepal 1996 25.5 22.1 19.4 18.1 11.8 20.2 2.161 13.700 -0.12432 0.01806
Nepal 2001 28.8 23.1 20.2 17.8 11.2 21.3 2.571 17.600 -0.15782 0.01362
Pakistan 1990/91 35.9 38.1 35.3 27.4 16.1 29.8 2.230 19.800 -0.17768 0.01432
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Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
SEVERE STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 10.0 9.9 6.5 6.6 4.7 7.8 2.128 5.300 -0.14301 0.04314
Benin 2001 13.5 14.4 10.1 10.3 3.9 10.7 3.462 9.600 -0.16461 0.02489
Burkina Faso 1992/93 15.5 15.2 14.3 12.6 7.1 13.0 2.199 8.456 -0.16719 0.02129
Burkina Faso 1998/99 20.9 18.3 16.1 16.2 11.2 16.6 1.866 9.700 -0.11825 0.01989
Burkina Faso 2003 26.5 21.5 21.0 17.5 7.1 19.4 3.751 19.412 -0.16119 0.01257
Cameroon 1991 15.9 13.9 13.7 5.3 2.5 9.6 6.360 13.400 -0.32680 0.03497
Cameroon 1998 15.9 11.0 11.7 6.9 5.2 10.7 3.058 10.700 -0.21179 0.03842
Cameroon 2004 19.6 15.1 14.8 8.0 2.5 13.0 7.774 17.070 -0.26206 0.02621
Chad 1996/97 24.2 22.1 21.5 21.0 12.3 20.4 1.967 11.900 -0.10970 0.01399
Chad 2004 31.0 23.7 25.0 21.1 15.1 23.2 2.047 15.847 -0.12327 0.01397
Comoros 1996 21.4 19.4 9.4 8.0 5.5 13.4 3.891 15.900 -0.28475 0.05082
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 12.9 10.5 8.4 5.6 2.5 8.4 5.160 10.400 -0.24213 0.03229
Eritrea 1995 24.8 21.5 16.9 13.9 9.0 18.3 2.756 15.800 -0.17900 0.02562
Ethiopia 2000 27.2 27.2 29.6 24.3 19.9 25.9 1.367 7.300 -0.08670 0.00954
Gabon 2000 12.1 9.2 5.1 2.8 2.7 6.7 4.481 9.400 -0.32728 0.03606
Ghana 1993 13.3 9.0 12.4 6.5 3.5 9.1 3.800 9.800 -0.19161 0.04061
Ghana 1998 14.5 9.9 9.8 7.1 1.1 9.3 13.182 13.400 -0.28593 0.03312
Ghana 2003 15.4 12.4 9.5 6.6 4.9 10.5 3.139 10.487 -0.19457 0.02898
Guinea 1999 13.6 15.1 10.5 7.8 4.1 10.1 3.317 9.500 -0.22311 0.03013
Kenya 1993 18.3 13.2 10.8 12.4 6.2 12.5 2.933 12.055 -0.15362 0.02180
Kenya 1998 17.4 16.0 11.1 9.7 6.6 12.7 2.636 10.800 -0.18805 0.02403
Kenya 2003 13.8 11.2 11.1 10.3 6.1 10.8 2.256 7.664 -0.16284 0.02264
Madagascar 1997 24.6 19.2 21.1 23.6 17.3 21.6 1.422 7.300 -0.05775 0.01899
Malawi 1992 28.8 26.7 23.4 22.0 14.0 23.2 2.057 14.800 -0.14057 0.01664
Malawi 2000 32.0 26.9 27.1 21.6 10.9 24.4 2.936 21.100 -0.14468 0.00979
Mali 1995/96 18.0 17.7 15.1 13.8 7.2 14.5 2.500 10.800 -0.13600 0.01973
Mali 2001 25.1 23.8 21.4 15.7 7.5 19.1 3.347 17.600 -0.16810 0.01168
Mauritania 2000/01 20.6 18.5 16.9 17.6 8.7 16.5 2.368 11.900 -0.12723 0.02214
Mozambique 1997 25.4 18.5 14.7 13.9 7.4 15.7 3.432 18.000 -0.21865 0.02342
Mozambique 2003 24.3 21.0 20.3 12.7 5.8 17.9 4.174 18.505 -0.19237 0.01275
Namibia 1992 13.8 8.9 9.8 5.8 3.6 8.4 3.833 10.200 -0.22663 0.03839
Namibia 2000 8.3 7.1 7.0 6.7 6.2 7.2 1.339 2.100 -0.14861 0.03697
Niger 1998 20.7 22.7 19.4 21.3 11.4 19.5 1.816 9.300 -0.10688 0.01698
Nigeria 1990 26.3 25.5 26.2 18.7 12.9 21.9 2.039 13.400 -0.15322 0.01310
Nigeria 2003 26.9 27.2 22.9 15.2 5.3 19.6 5.108 21.610 -0.22362 0.01712
Rwanda 2000 22.4 21.5 19.5 19.5 11.2 18.7 2.000 11.200 -0.13243 0.01407
Tanzania 1996 22.6 20.3 19.2 16.1 9.3 17.8 2.430 13.300 -0.12999 0.01670
Tanzania 1999 21.0 21.9 17.1 12.0 7.1 16.5 2.958 13.900 -0.18550 0.02148
Tanzania 2004 17.2 14.7 12.5 10.3 3.7 12.3 4.704 13.574 -0.21505 0.01779
Togo 1998 10.0 10.1 5.5 5.8 0.9 7.0 11.111 9.100 -0.27069 0.03489
Uganda 1995 18.2 18.8 13.2 14.7 9.3 15.0 1.957 8.900 -0.14231 0.01868
Uganda 2000/01 18.2 15.8 16.9 13.4 7.1 14.8 2.563 11.100 -0.15722 0.01796
Zambia 1996 25.8 21.8 19.4 12.4 6.0 17.5 4.300 19.800 -0.21082 0.01614
Zambia 2001 27.2 26.1 24.2 16.7 12.1 22.1 2.248 15.100 -0.13959 0.01481
Zimbabwe 1994 6.3 7.0 6.0 6.6 4.3 6.1 1.465 2.000 -0.08284 0.04890
Zimbabwe 1999 13.5 9.8 10.2 7.4 5.5 9.4 2.455 8.000 -0.11769 0.03418
G. ALL COUNTRIES 18.0 15.3 13.1 10.3 6.2 13.0 2.883 11.735 -0.22037 0.03012
- 38 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MODERATE UNDERWEIGHT AMONG CHILDREN

Cambodia 2000 35.3 35.6 30.1 30.8 28.0 32.5 1.261 7.300 -0.05162 0.01374
Armenia 2000 2.9 2.6 4.1 1.2 1.1 2.4 2.636 1.800 -0.13083 0.08613
Kazakhstan 1995 9.8 7.8 9.1 2.8 2.3 6.8 4.261 7.500 -0.16497 0.07305
Kazakhstan 1999 5.1 3.7 2.1 3.0 6.1 3.8 0.836 1.000 -0.06951 0.12182
Kyrgyzstan 1997 9.9 11.5 12.0 5.1 7.1 9.4 1.394 2.800 -0.04243 0.04982
Turkey 1993 15.9 10.0 6.8 4.1 3.0 8.5 5.300 12.900 -0.29194 0.03488
Turkey 1998 13.4 7.9 5.2 3.2 2.7 6.9 4.963 10.700 -0.38403 0.04546
Uzbekistan 1996 15.3 20.6 11.7 8.2 10.1 13.8 1.515 5.200 -0.13843 0.04239
Bolivia 1998 11.7 6.9 5.1 3.0 2.2 6.5 5.318 9.500 -0.29872 0.02769
Bolivia 2003 10.3 8.6 4.0 3.3 1.3 6.2 7.891 9.013 -0.29688 0.02428
Brazil 1996 10.3 4.9 2.3 1.2 2.7 5.0 3.815 7.600 -0.38048 0.04466
Colombia 1995 12.7 8.7 5.9 3.1 2.7 7.5 4.704 10.000 -0.29436 0.03059
Colombia 2000 7.8 8.4 4.7 4.1 2.8 6.0 2.786 5.000 -0.20626 0.03657
Colombia 2005 10.6 6.0 5.5 3.6 3.0 6.3 3.568 7.653 -0.29505 0.02262
Guatemala 1995 26.7 24.6 22.5 14.1 6.5 20.7 4.108 20.200 -0.15588 0.01257
Guatemala 1998/99 25.7 25.3 21.4 10.2 9.9 19.4 2.596 15.800 -0.13764 0.01849
Haiti 1994/95 25.6 21.3 19.1 16.7 8.6 19.4 2.977 17.000 -0.13567 0.02224
Haiti 2000 17.7 13.5 15.4 10.9 6.4 13.3 2.766 11.300 -0.16809 0.02017
Nicaragua 1997/98 15.0 12.1 9.9 5.6 3.4 10.3 4.412 11.600 -0.22740 0.01994
Nicaragua 2001 12.8 9.5 7.2 4.0 2.2 7.9 5.818 10.600 -0.24969 0.02575
Paraguay 1990 5.1 3.9 3.2 1.7 0.5 3.2 10.200 4.600 -0.35471 0.05320
Peru 1996 14.1 6.8 4.2 1.8 0.9 6.7 15.667 13.200 -0.44485 0.01935
Peru 2000 13.0 6.5 3.2 2.1 0.7 6.2 18.571 12.300 -0.42375 0.02265
Egypt 1995 13.2 11.0 8.7 8.3 6.9 9.8 1.902 6.259 -0.14780 0.01859
Egypt 2000 5.4 4.0 3.2 2.7 2.2 3.5 2.455 3.200 -0.18810 0.03020
Jordan 1997 7.3 5.4 3.1 3.5 2.5 4.6 2.920 4.800 -0.14218 0.03044
Morocco 1992 13.2 8.9 6.9 2.9 1.7 7.5 7.765 11.500 -0.33083 0.03064
Morocco 2003/04 13.2 8.3 7.7 6.9 2.9 8.2 4.569 10.343 -0.21604 0.02699
Yemen 1997 35.8 34.0 31.9 33.0 24.0 31.6 1.492 11.800 -0.07440 0.00973
E. SOUTH ASIA 36.7 33.9 32.2 30.3 22.5 31.5 1.630 14.192 -0.08527 0.01021
Bangladesh 1996/97 40.7 35.9 38.0 34.5 27.7 35.7 1.469 13.000 -0.06493 0.01104
Bangladesh 2004 41.3 38.6 32.7 33.0 24.0 34.7 1.719 17.267 -0.09752 0.00985
India 1992/93 31.6 33.5 35.1 32.0 25.2 31.7 1.254 6.400 -0.04891 0.00505
India 1998/99 32.5 31.7 30.8 26.9 21.1 29.0 1.540 11.400 -0.08080 0.00565
Nepal 1996 33.2 32.5 32.5 29.2 23.9 30.8 1.389 9.300 -0.05909 0.01375
Nepal 2001 40.1 36.9 37.5 33.7 26.4 35.7 1.519 13.700 -0.06514 0.00960
Pakistan 1990/91 33.0 28.2 27.7 27.4 18.6 26.6 1.774 14.400 -0.09762 0.01576
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Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MODERATE UNDERWEIGHT AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 25.5 27.7 20.1 18.7 14.3 21.8 1.783 11.200 -0.11219 0.02269
Benin 2001 21.5 22.3 18.3 16.7 9.0 17.9 2.389 12.500 -0.13327 0.01924
Burkina Faso 1992/93 26.1 24.3 23.7 24.8 17.9 23.5 1.453 8.136 -0.08089 0.01530
Burkina Faso 1998/99 23.0 24.7 23.6 22.3 18.8 22.6 1.222 4.174 -0.04426 0.01679
Burkina Faso 2003 25.9 25.1 25.5 24.9 16.0 24.0 1.614 9.847 -0.06204 0.01103
Cameroon 1991 17.3 12.6 14.5 11.0 4.3 11.3 4.023 13.000 -0.23152 0.03090
Cameroon 1998 25.4 19.7 15.5 13.7 7.6 17.4 3.342 17.800 -0.21083 0.02913
Cameroon 2004 21.9 17.5 14.7 8.2 4.5 14.4 4.848 17.392 -0.22866 0.02505
Chad 1996/97 28.1 24.8 26.5 23.0 21.8 24.9 1.289 6.300 -0.04385 0.01272
Chad 2004 27.5 23.0 22.9 21.3 19.2 22.7 1.429 8.245 -0.06098 0.01467
Comoros 1996 22.4 22.3 13.3 15.4 14.4 17.9 1.556 8.000 -0.11910 0.04086
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 21.3 19.6 19.1 15.1 10.2 17.5 2.088 11.100 -0.12268 0.02100
Eritrea 1995 26.7 32.6 26.4 26.5 19.1 26.8 1.398 7.600 -0.06408 0.01980
Ethiopia 2000 32.1 32.0 32.8 29.1 28.8 31.1 1.115 3.300 -0.06776 0.00891
Gabon 2000 14.5 12.8 9.1 4.1 7.3 9.8 1.986 7.200 -0.21858 0.02999
Ghana 1993 22.8 22.4 21.0 18.9 10.8 19.4 2.111 12.000 -0.11322 0.02709
Ghana 1998 23.6 22.8 19.3 17.3 11.0 19.6 2.145 12.600 -0.11649 0.02155
Ghana 2003 22.2 19.0 18.0 13.1 9.8 17.3 2.271 12.436 -0.13276 0.02135
Guinea 1999 22.3 20.6 18.0 16.6 13.3 18.1 1.677 9.000 -0.09942 0.02210
Kenya 1993 19.7 18.2 16.0 17.9 11.0 16.8 1.790 8.684 -0.08765 0.01841
Kenya 1998 24.5 20.5 16.2 13.7 8.2 17.3 2.988 16.300 -0.16745 0.01873
Kenya 2003 21.6 17.2 15.2 14.7 7.5 15.8 2.887 14.145 -0.18583 0.01809
Madagascar 1997 29.1 27.2 26.5 27.5 23.6 27.2 1.233 5.500 -0.03645 0.01717
Malawi 1992 21.7 25.1 21.0 17.6 13.4 19.9 1.619 8.300 -0.10845 0.01889
Malawi 2000 23.9 21.9 20.9 18.5 10.5 19.6 2.276 13.400 -0.11828 0.01169
Mali 1995/96 25.9 27.4 23.0 21.3 19.6 23.5 1.321 6.300 -0.06175 0.01506
Mali 2001 26.0 27.3 24.4 20.4 12.8 22.5 2.031 13.200 -0.11387 0.01080
Mauritania 2000/01 23.2 25.1 23.7 22.8 15.2 22.1 1.526 8.000 -0.09640 0.01834
Mozambique 1997 21.6 23.3 19.6 14.5 9.7 17.1 2.227 11.900 -0.19271 0.02221
Mozambique 2003 21.2 20.7 20.2 14.7 6.6 17.5 3.238 14.676 -0.14049 0.01302
Namibia 1992 26.8 22.3 23.4 17.8 11.8 20.4 2.271 15.000 -0.12632 0.02201
Namibia 2000 21.8 22.6 21.9 11.9 10.2 18.2 2.137 11.600 -0.15977 0.02159
Niger 1998 29.6 30.0 29.7 31.5 25.7 29.4 1.152 3.900 -0.02771 0.01388
Nigeria 1990 23.8 22.8 28.5 25.8 17.3 23.5 1.376 6.500 -0.06322 0.01272
Nigeria 2003 23.7 24.7 20.7 18.7 9.9 19.6 2.393 13.821 -0.10462 0.01766
Rwanda 2000 19.2 23.6 22.5 18.6 11.6 19.2 1.655 7.600 -0.11124 0.01388
Tanzania 1996 28.2 25.4 23.1 20.6 15.4 22.9 1.831 12.800 -0.10046 0.01433
Tanzania 1999 23.6 27.9 23.5 18.3 17.7 22.5 1.333 5.900 -0.09132 0.01834
Tanzania 2004 20.3 20.8 18.5 16.8 10.9 17.9 1.862 9.420 -0.10060 0.01456
Togo 1998 23.2 19.5 18.0 18.2 10.2 18.4 2.275 13.000 -0.12707 0.02061
Uganda 1995 22.1 21.7 18.8 18.5 12.3 18.9 1.797 9.800 -0.11845 0.01649
Uganda 2000/01 21.4 19.5 19.7 15.0 9.8 17.6 2.184 11.600 -0.13181 0.01629
Zambia 1996 22.9 21.7 18.6 15.2 11.1 18.1 2.063 11.800 -0.13847 0.01667
Zambia 2001 23.8 22.2 21.3 19.1 16.9 21.0 1.408 6.900 -0.07055 0.01557
Zimbabwe 1994 15.8 16.8 9.4 11.6 7.7 12.5 2.052 8.100 -0.15989 0.03296
Zimbabwe 1999 15.8 12.7 13.4 9.0 5.7 11.4 2.772 10.100 -0.16207 0.02987
G. ALL COUNTRIES 20.5 18.9 17.0 14.8 11.1 16.9 1.838 9.333 -0.15033 0.02542
- 40 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
SEVERE UNDERWEIGHT AMONG CHILDREN

Cambodia 2000 16.7 12.3 11.9 12.3 5.6 12.5 2.982 11.100 -0.13218 0.02540
Armenia 2000 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 1.250 0.100 -0.28525 0.43430
Kazakhstan 1995 1.3 2.6 0.3 2.4 0.8 1.5 1.625 0.500 -0.11634 0.15064
Kazakhstan 1999 0.0 0.3 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 - 0.000 na na
Kyrgyzstan 1997 3.0 1.0 1.8 0.8 1.0 1.7 3.000 2.000 -0.25796 0.14020
Turkey 1993 6.1 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.0 1.9 - 6.100 -0.51751 0.08604
Turkey 1998 3.1 1.8 1.2 0.3 0.0 1.4 - 3.100 -0.21541 0.23050
Uzbekistan 1996 9.8 3.1 1.0 6.8 2.8 5.0 3.500 7.000 -0.12820 0.08694
Bolivia 1998 2.2 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.1 3.143 1.500 -0.32572 0.07579
Bolivia 2003 2.6 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.0 1.2 - 2.560 -0.36941 0.05503
Brazil 1996 1.2 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.6 4.000 0.900 -0.28829 0.13720
Colombia 1995 2.0 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.9 6.667 1.700 -0.39933 0.10211
Colombia 2000 1.5 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.8 7.500 1.300 -0.34370 0.11010
Colombia 2005 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.6 7.802 0.888 -0.49778 0.09010
Dominican Republic 1996 2.0 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.9 - 2.000 -0.41560 0.20450
Guatemala 1995 8.5 8.6 6.0 2.2 0.9 5.9 9.444 7.600 -0.25890 0.02542
Guatemala 1998/99 8.5 6.4 5.9 0.5 0.0 4.7 - 8.500 -0.25450 0.03703
Haiti 1994/95 13.3 8.4 7.8 5.5 1.6 8.1 8.313 11.700 -0.26034 0.03718
Haiti 2000 5.9 3.8 3.6 2.1 1.3 3.5 4.538 4.600 -0.26180 0.04333
Nicaragua 1997/98 3.4 2.1 1.5 0.9 0.5 1.9 6.800 2.900 -0.28722 0.09202
Nicaragua 2001 3.2 2.0 1.0 1.2 0.5 1.8 6.400 2.700 -0.37141 0.06257
Paraguay 1990 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.5 2.333 0.400 -0.29491 0.15512
Peru 1996 2.5 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.5 1.1 5.000 2.000 -0.59107 0.05658
Peru 2000 2.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.8 - 2.200 -0.62673 0.06927
Egypt 1995 4.2 3.2 2.1 1.8 1.4 2.6 2.951 2.775 -0.24167 0.03802
Egypt 2000 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.5 12.000 1.100 -0.36166 0.08492
Jordan 1997 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.5 14.000 1.300 -0.14645 0.08832
Morocco 1992 4.1 3.0 0.9 0.3 0.4 2.0 10.250 3.700 -0.44802 0.06771
Morocco 2003/04 3.9 2.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 2.0 3.662 2.836 -0.32870 0.06257
Yemen 1997 19.8 19.4 15.4 12.4 6.3 14.5 3.143 13.500 -0.19544 0.01512
E. SOUTH ASIA 20.9 17.7 14.5 10.5 5.9 14.3 3.549 15.037 -0.21171 0.01711
Bangladesh 1996/97 24.5 26.2 22.0 17.7 9.9 20.7 2.475 14.600 -0.14361 0.01517
Bangladesh 2004 18.0 14.6 12.2 10.3 6.0 12.8 3.010 12.050 -0.20136 0.01883
India 1992/93 29.4 27.1 21.9 16.5 10.4 21.5 2.827 19.000 -0.19352 0.00624
India 1998/99 28.2 22.3 18.4 12.0 5.3 18.0 5.321 22.900 -0.25506 0.00764
Nepal 1996 20.1 19.6 17.6 14.1 4.4 16.1 4.568 15.700 -0.15413 0.02008
Nepal 2001 16.7 15.5 11.9 10.4 5.0 12.7 3.340 11.700 -0.17109 0.01802
Pakistan 1990/91 20.8 18.3 15.6 9.4 7.3 13.6 2.849 13.500 -0.21934 0.02393
- 41 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
SEVERE UNDERWEIGHT AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 11.9 8.0 6.9 4.6 4.5 7.4 2.644 7.400 -0.21508 0.04401
Benin 2001 7.5 8.0 4.5 3.0 1.2 5.0 6.250 6.300 -0.25924 0.03906
Burkina Faso 1992/93 9.2 10.8 10.5 10.9 4.0 9.3 2.273 5.151 -0.14478 0.02353
Burkina Faso 1998/99 15.6 13.5 12.1 11.1 5.8 11.8 2.680 9.751 -0.16271 0.02445
Burkina Faso 2003 16.4 14.9 15.0 13.6 6.3 13.7 2.608 10.137 -0.11702 0.01531
Cameroon 1991 7.5 4.8 4.6 1.8 2.0 3.8 3.750 5.500 -0.30120 0.05806
Cameroon 1998 7.2 6.1 5.0 2.9 1.5 4.8 4.800 5.700 -0.24431 0.05581
Cameroon 2004 6.4 6.1 4.3 1.2 0.2 4.1 27.772 6.167 -0.34513 0.04879
Chad 1996/97 21.4 14.5 13.5 12.0 7.0 13.9 3.057 14.400 -0.18529 0.01833
Chad 2004 20.8 11.9 14.5 14.4 9.3 14.0 2.242 11.534 -0.13928 0.01965
Comoros 1996 13.4 11.2 5.6 4.3 3.4 7.9 3.941 10.000 -0.29300 0.06548
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 9.4 7.7 7.0 3.2 2.8 6.3 3.357 6.600 -0.23037 0.03820
Eritrea 1995 24.0 21.9 13.2 13.7 6.3 17.0 3.810 17.700 -0.21957 0.02806
Ethiopia 2000 17.3 19.0 18.0 15.6 8.2 16.0 2.110 9.100 -0.12232 0.01255
Gabon 2000 4.4 1.8 2.6 0.4 0.7 2.1 6.286 3.700 -0.39412 0.06738
Ghana 1993 10.4 10.1 12.4 3.8 1.9 7.9 5.474 8.500 -0.23198 0.04189
Ghana 1998 9.0 5.2 5.3 3.1 0.7 5.2 12.857 8.300 -0.29569 0.04655
Ghana 2003 8.2 4.8 3.0 3.1 1.7 4.6 4.890 6.520 -0.30774 0.04906
Guinea 1999 6.2 6.9 5.9 3.2 3.6 5.1 1.722 2.600 -0.15415 0.04500
Kenya 1993 9.9 6.4 5.1 3.6 2.8 5.8 3.486 7.074 -0.22175 0.03592
Kenya 1998 7.1 6.2 3.8 3.4 2.1 4.8 3.381 5.000 -0.21487 0.03966
Kenya 2003 7.6 3.1 3.6 2.8 1.8 4.0 4.119 5.766 -0.32337 0.04331
Madagascar 1997 16.0 12.9 12.6 11.6 8.2 12.8 1.951 7.800 -0.11790 0.02634
Malawi 1992 12.4 7.5 7.6 6.5 4.0 7.7 3.100 8.400 -0.18083 0.03331
Malawi 2000 8.7 7.4 5.7 4.0 2.3 5.9 3.783 6.400 -0.21338 0.02284
Mali 1995/96 21.3 18.3 16.5 16.8 8.5 16.5 2.506 12.800 -0.13216 0.01848
Mali 2001 13.2 14.1 12.3 9.3 3.9 10.8 3.385 9.300 -0.15294 0.01635
Mauritania 2000/01 14.2 12.5 10.9 7.6 3.1 9.8 4.581 11.100 -0.22055 0.02997
Mozambique 1997 15.3 10.9 7.6 7.8 4.5 9.1 3.400 10.800 -0.23398 0.03221
Mozambique 2003 9.8 7.3 5.8 4.6 1.9 6.3 5.243 7.922 -0.25246 0.02376
Namibia 1992 8.9 7.5 7.2 4.4 0.8 5.8 11.125 8.100 -0.24765 0.04496
Namibia 2000 8.0 5.9 3.7 4.5 1.4 4.9 5.714 6.600 -0.23236 0.04622
Niger 1998 22.5 23.0 22.3 20.0 11.2 20.2 2.009 11.300 -0.12284 0.01645
Nigeria 1990 16.4 16.2 10.6 10.1 4.9 11.8 3.347 11.500 -0.20616 0.01869
Nigeria 2003 11.5 12.4 10.3 8.2 3.4 9.1 3.409 8.094 -0.16979 0.02684
Rwanda 2000 7.3 6.4 5.2 5.3 2.7 5.3 2.704 4.600 -0.16244 0.03003
Tanzania 1996 11.6 8.0 8.5 6.6 2.8 7.8 4.143 8.800 -0.20022 0.02751
Tanzania 1999 8.6 7.2 5.3 5.6 4.0 6.3 2.150 4.600 -0.15721 0.03864
Tanzania 2004 5.0 5.0 3.9 2.9 0.6 3.7 8.092 4.404 -0.24663 0.03362
Togo 1998 8.8 10.3 5.0 5.1 1.9 6.7 4.632 6.900 -0.22341 0.03629
Uganda 1995 8.9 8.7 6.5 5.4 3.3 6.7 2.697 5.600 -0.18890 0.02919
Uganda 2000/01 6.0 6.6 4.9 3.9 1.9 4.9 3.158 4.100 -0.21949 0.03222
Zambia 1996 8.7 6.6 5.2 3.3 1.8 5.3 4.833 6.900 -0.23747 0.03165
Zambia 2001 9.5 6.9 8.3 6.8 3.0 7.2 3.167 6.500 -0.13726 0.02746
Zimbabwe 1994 2.8 3.3 4.4 3.2 1.5 3.0 1.867 1.300 -0.13321 0.06630
Zimbabwe 1999 2.1 2.3 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.5 3.000 1.400 -0.27997 0.09161
G. ALL COUNTRIES 9.2 7.6 6.4 5.1 2.8 6.4 3.285 6.365 -0.24644 0.06029
- 42 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MILD ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN

Cambodia 2000 31.0 33.4 29.1 26.9 29.5 30.3 1.051 1.500 -0.01113 0.02202
Armenia 2000 19.8 15.7 12.1 12.1 8.7 14.0 2.276 11.100 -0.13813 0.03787
Kazakhstan 1995 29.9 36.6 31.1 28.2 28.1 31.0 1.064 1.800 -0.01873 0.03057
Kazakhstan 1999 19.6 16.8 15.0 18.5 22.0 18.0 0.891 2.400 0.06942 0.05767
Kyrgyzstan 1997 26.6 26.9 22.8 22.9 23.4 24.8 1.137 3.200 -0.06971 0.03275
Uzbekistan 1996 28.5 32.4 35.7 38.8 33.9 33.3 0.841 5.400 0.03479 0.02480
C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na na

Bolivia 1998 21.7 21.3 17.0 20.5 17.2 19.8 1.262 4.500 -0.03678 0.02746
Bolivia 2003 26.9 27.4 25.0 18.9 20.3 24.5 1.320 6.517 -0.06417 0.01985
Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na na
Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na na
Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na na
Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na na
Guatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na na
Haiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na na
Haiti 2000 30.6 31.2 27.3 29.5 28.2 29.6 1.085 2.400 0.01407 0.01854
Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na na
Nicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na na
Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na na
Peru 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.03338 0.03247
Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na
D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na na

Egypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na na
Egypt 2000 22.6 21.2 21.7 15.5 13.1 18.9 1.725 9.500 -0.10538 0.01647
Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na na
Morocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na na
Morocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na na
Yemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na
E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na na
Bangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na na
India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na na
India 1998/99 23.3 22.6 21.9 22.4 23.8 22.8 0.979 0.500 0.00744 0.00748
Nepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na na
Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na
- 43 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MILD ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na na
Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na na na
Benin 2001 18.1 22.0 27.3 21.1 20.5 21.7 0.883 2.400 0.02669 0.02377
Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na na
Burkina Faso 2003 20.6 16.4 16.2 19.0 21.6 18.3 0.954 0.989 0.02160 0.02474
Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na na
Cameroon 2004 24.1 23.0 21.5 20.1 25.4 22.8 0.951 1.240 -0.00915 0.02135
Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na na
Chad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na na
Chad 2004 na na na na na na na na na na
Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na na
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na na
Eritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na na
Ethiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na na
Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na na
Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na na
Ghana 2003 19.0 21.9 23.8 22.9 28.0 22.6 0.678 9.024 0.06931 0.01984
Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na na
Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na na
Madagascar 1997 18.5 19.4 22.4 23.4 23.0 21.0 0.804 4.500 0.06143 0.02395
Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na na
Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na na
Mali 2001 16.1 19.0 15.7 20.1 21.6 18.2 0.745 5.500 0.03289 0.02476
Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na na
Mozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na na
Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na na
Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na na
Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na na
Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na na
Tanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na na
Tanzania 2004 22.0 25.4 22.8 26.7 27.2 24.6 0.811 5.145 0.04589 0.01273
Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na na
Uganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na na
Uganda 2000/01 22.1 19.5 19.1 20.5 20.5 20.3 1.078 1.600 -0.00859 0.01623
Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na na
Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na na
G. ALL COUNTRIES na na na na na na na na na na
- 44 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MODERATE ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN

Cambodia 2000 34.1 30.5 33.3 34.3 17.5 31.2 1.949 16.600 -0.06396 0.02086
Armenia 2000 17.0 12.2 6.6 2.5 7.0 9.6 2.429 10.000 -0.22943 0.04714
Kazakhstan 1995 36.9 37.5 29.0 31.3 26.1 32.8 1.414 10.800 -0.05765 0.03070
Kazakhstan 1999 25.1 15.9 19.0 13.7 11.9 18.1 2.109 13.200 -0.17543 0.05179
Kyrgyzstan 1997 25.1 33.6 27.2 20.7 20.1 25.8 1.249 5.000 -0.03959 0.03123
Uzbekistan 1996 29.8 26.0 22.9 28.1 17.8 25.8 1.674 12.000 -0.08350 0.03213

Bolivia 1998 38.6 32.8 37.7 23.1 18.7 32.4 2.064 19.900 -0.08340 0.01929
Bolivia 2003 26.8 26.2 22.4 22.0 18.8 24.0 1.429 8.048 -0.07738 0.01984
Haiti 2000 31.0 35.3 41.3 36.7 26.9 34.5 1.152 4.100 0.01375 0.01584

Egypt 2000 14.5 12.8 12.1 11.3 6.0 11.4 2.417 8.500 -0.15562 0.02343
India 1998/99 49.6 50.5 47.4 44.3 36.4 46.2 1.363 13.200 -0.05171 0.00432
- 45 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MODERATE ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 58.9 51.4 51.3 51.9 39.5 51.6 1.491 19.400 -0.05284 0.01260
Burkina Faso 2003 61.5 63.8 62.2 57.8 51.5 60.1 1.195 10.043 -0.03489 0.00933
Cameroon 2004 43.6 43.6 43.9 38.5 30.8 41.0 1.416 12.806 -0.05996 0.01341
Ghana 2003 56.5 51.9 50.7 40.8 31.9 48.1 1.771 24.595 -0.09739 0.01093
Madagascar 1997 46.6 51.1 48.0 39.9 36.7 45.2 1.270 9.900 -0.04863 0.01362
Mali 2001 56.7 52.2 57.7 51.2 44.5 53.0 1.274 12.200 -0.03436 0.01113
Tanzania 2004 50.0 44.4 44.5 37.3 32.6 42.5 1.532 17.342 -0.06394 0.00822
Uganda 2000/01 39.4 40.2 39.1 38.4 30.4 38.0 1.296 9.000 -0.04025 0.01039
- 46 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
SEVERE ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN

Cambodia 2000 3.1 2.6 0.7 1.9 0.7 2.0 4.429 2.400 -0.35651 0.11849
Armenia 2000 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 4.000 0.600 -0.18442 0.30210
Kazakhstan 1995 7.5 5.5 8.3 5.6 0.9 6.1 8.333 6.600 -0.11792 0.07912
Kazakhstan 1999 3.9 0.3 0.0 0.6 1.6 1.4 2.438 2.300 -0.47832 0.29786
Kyrgyzstan 1997 1.5 2.0 2.8 0.8 0.7 1.6 2.143 0.800 -0.11713 0.15009
Turkmenistan 2000 0.3 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.6 - 0.300 na na
Uzbekistan 1996 0.6 1.9 2.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 0.545 0.500 0.00403 0.15981

Bolivia 1998 4.5 2.4 4.1 3.8 0.7 3.4 6.429 3.800 -0.02447 0.06663
Bolivia 2003 1.5 1.6 1.9 3.1 0.3 1.8 4.447 1.160 0.06471 0.08460
Haiti 2000 1.2 0.7 2.3 3.6 1.0 1.7 1.200 0.200 0.07421 0.07868

Egypt 2000 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 - 0.500 -0.35792 0.20215
India 1998/99 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.6 3.7 5.5 1.595 2.200 -0.08641 0.01627
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Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
SEVERE ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 10.2 13.1 7.8 6.4 5.1 8.8 2.000 5.100 -0.15125 0.03918
Burkina Faso 2003 10.7 14.6 14.2 17.2 7.2 13.2 1.480 3.465 0.00713 0.02687
Cameroon 2004 5.6 5.6 5.1 4.6 1.8 4.8 3.134 3.803 -0.14084 0.04808
Ghana 2003 7.5 7.5 6.1 4.4 2.3 5.9 3.182 5.114 -0.12120 0.03885
Madagascar 1997 10.7 8.4 6.9 6.5 3.4 7.7 3.147 7.300 -0.18144 0.04273
Mali 2001 14.1 11.2 13.8 11.9 4.3 11.5 3.279 9.800 -0.13573 0.03198
Tanzania 2004 5.3 5.0 4.3 2.6 2.4 4.0 2.240 2.915 -0.16677 0.03096
Uganda 2000/01 7.8 9.9 6.9 5.4 2.2 6.8 3.545 5.600 -0.17991 0.02782
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Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MALNUTRITION AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 24.3 21.4 20.9 20.7 16.8 20.7 1.446 7.500 -0.06919 0.01405
Armenia 2000 2.5 3.1 3.6 4.2 3.9 3.5 0.641 1.400 0.07284 0.03932
Kazakhstan 1995 10.7 8.3 7.4 6.7 7.3 7.9 1.466 3.400 -0.08172 0.03339
Kazakhstan 1999 7.1 8.1 5.4 6.9 9.1 7.4 0.780 2.000 0.04701 0.04495
Kyrgyzstan 1997 7.3 6.3 6.0 7.9 7.0 6.9 1.043 0.300 -0.00224 0.03521
Turkey 1993 2.7 1.1 2.0 4.4 3.2 2.6 0.844 0.500 0.13585 0.07273
Turkey 1998 1.5 2.7 2.7 4.0 1.5 2.5 1.000 0.000 0.01610 0.07647
Uzbekistan 1996 12.3 11.4 9.5 10.8 7.9 10.3 1.557 4.400 -0.10543 0.02615
C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 6.0 4.3 4.8 4.0 3.8 4.5 1.585 2.219 0.00764 0.04139
Bolivia 1998 0.5 0.2 0.9 1.0 2.2 0.9 0.227 1.700 0.29763 0.10738
Bolivia 2003 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.8 2.5 1.8 0.710 0.714 0.15842 0.03443
Brazil 1996 8.8 4.6 6.8 5.3 5.4 6.3 1.630 3.400 -0.14384 0.04350
Colombia 1995 5.9 4.0 3.7 3.6 1.2 3.8 4.917 4.700 -0.17755 0.05086
Colombia 2000 3.2 4.2 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.2 1.067 0.200 -0.12095 0.05724
Colombia 2005 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.3 4.4 5.3 1.353 1.549 -0.03278 0.01381
Guatemala 1995 4.2 4.4 3.3 4.4 2.0 3.7 2.100 2.200 -0.09562 0.04334
Guatemala 1998/99 3.7 2.3 2.3 0.9 0.5 2.0 7.400 3.200 -0.06531 0.09070
Haiti 1994/95 24.9 23.6 18.7 15.1 9.3 18.7 2.677 15.600 -0.16168 0.02619
Haiti 2000 17.3 12.6 13.4 9.6 8.1 11.5 2.136 9.200 na na
Nicaragua 1997/98 4.1 4.2 4.0 5.1 4.2 4.4 0.976 0.100 0.02834 0.02477
Nicaragua 2001 3.4 2.4 3.8 3.5 4.0 3.5 0.850 0.600 0.01790 0.02880
Peru 1996 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.182 0.200 -0.00637 0.05794
Peru 2000 1.2 0.9 0.7 1.7 1.7 1.3 0.706 0.500 0.11143 0.03711
Egypt 1995 2.6 1.9 1.7 0.4 0.4 1.4 6.585 2.179 -0.36587 0.06015
Egypt 2000 1.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.6 14.000 1.300 -0.44855 0.07568
Jordan 1997 3.3 2.5 2.2 1.0 2.2 2.3 1.500 1.100 na na
Morocco 1992 6.2 2.9 4.9 3.3 1.8 3.9 3.444 4.400 -0.19357 0.05400
Morocco 2003/04 7.8 7.9 7.1 6.9 5.7 7.0 1.372 2.112 -0.06160 0.01595
Yemen 1997 39.0 32.1 23.5 17.2 13.1 25.2 2.977 25.900 -0.19883 0.01280
E. SOUTH ASIA 41.1 38.6 36.2 29.8 15.4 32.0 2.674 25.726 -0.15558 0.00665
Bangladesh 1996/97 64.5 57.4 53.3 48.3 32.6 52.0 1.979 31.900 -0.11286 0.00838
Bangladesh 2004 46.1 39.1 34.4 29.9 16.7 33.2 2.758 29.377 -0.18434 0.00707
India 1998/99 50.4 46.5 41.0 30.3 14.5 36.2 3.476 35.900 -0.20284 0.00254
Nepal 1996 25.7 28.3 35.1 30.1 21.4 28.3 1.201 4.300 0.00331 0.01533
Nepal 2001 26.8 30.1 33.1 29.1 14.9 26.7 1.799 11.900 -0.07957 0.01034
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Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MALNUTRITION AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 21.0 16.7 14.1 12.2 7.0 15.0 3.000 14.000 -0.17623 0.02888
Benin 2001 16.3 12.8 12.2 9.1 5.9 10.7 2.763 10.400 -0.19187 0.02285
Burkina Faso 1992/93 13.2 15.1 15.3 14.2 9.4 13.6 1.414 3.879 -0.07685 0.01941
Burkina Faso 1998/99 15.6 15.5 14.1 11.0 9.2 13.3 1.696 6.400 -0.11188 0.02479
Burkina Faso 2003 24.3 23.4 23.2 19.4 8.9 19.5 2.739 15.442 -0.14348 0.01021
Cameroon 1998 12.4 9.8 6.4 3.9 4.3 7.9 2.884 8.100 -0.24570 0.04893
Cameroon 2004 8.7 11.2 4.6 5.0 3.6 6.3 2.430 5.124 -0.16821 0.03254
Chad 1996/97 27.5 19.4 19.0 18.5 21.0 21.1 1.310 6.500 -0.03067 0.01877
Chad 2004 29.9 17.8 20.2 18.0 14.7 20.0 2.031 15.184 -0.13536 0.01702
Comoros 1996 7.4 11.3 11.3 12.8 8.6 10.3 0.860 1.200 0.02650 0.06179
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 11.0 9.2 7.8 5.4 5.7 8.0 1.930 5.300 -0.16170 0.03786
Eritrea 1995 44.7 50.7 41.3 39.1 21.0 40.6 2.129 23.700 -0.13575 0.01643
Ethiopia 2000 31.8 32.3 32.6 31.4 24.6 30.1 1.293 7.200 -0.10416 0.00711
Gabon 2000 9.0 6.9 6.8 5.8 4.0 6.6 2.250 5.000 -0.15564 0.04357
Ghana 1993 11.6 14.6 14.2 11.6 7.2 12.1 1.611 4.400 -0.07197 0.03526
Ghana 1998 17.6 13.3 9.8 7.2 4.8 11.3 3.667 12.800 -0.20444 0.03336
Ghana 2003 14.5 11.4 10.4 6.6 4.4 9.0 3.289 10.114 -0.23976 0.02470
Guinea 1999 16.7 11.7 10.5 10.0 9.0 11.8 1.856 7.700 -0.12058 0.02880
Kenya 1993 13.2 10.5 9.4 7.8 5.0 9.3 2.640 8.175 -0.15493 0.02880
Kenya 1998 17.6 15.5 11.5 8.1 5.5 11.9 3.200 12.100 -0.17577 0.02802
Kenya 2003 21.4 15.8 11.9 9.3 4.6 11.8 4.644 16.769 -0.28151 0.01756
Madagascar 1997 24.3 22.8 18.4 18.9 15.1 20.6 1.609 9.200 -0.09077 0.02135
Malawi 1992 14.1 11.3 8.1 8.9 6.0 9.7 2.350 8.100 -0.13888 0.03759
Malawi 2000 10.4 9.5 10.2 8.1 6.0 8.8 1.733 4.400 -0.11082 0.01787
Mali 1995/96 15.9 18.3 16.1 18.1 12.2 16.2 1.303 3.700 -0.04816 0.02055
Mali 2001 13.0 13.7 13.5 13.3 10.2 12.6 1.275 2.800 -0.05788 0.01487
Mauritania 2000/01 17.3 14.6 16.1 10.3 8.5 13.0 2.035 8.800 -0.12590 0.01758
Mozambique 1997 17.2 13.8 11.4 6.1 4.2 10.9 4.095 13.000 -0.13469 0.02795
Mozambique 2003 9.7 10.3 8.9 7.0 4.7 8.1 2.043 4.934 -0.13490 0.01735
Namibia 1992 19.3 17.3 15.8 13.7 5.3 13.7 3.642 14.000 -0.20407 0.02971
Niger 1998 26.7 20.8 19.4 23.0 12.8 20.7 2.086 13.900 -0.10312 0.01848
Nigeria 2003 20.0 16.2 14.4 12.3 8.6 14.0 2.319 11.376 -0.13913 0.01665
Rwanda 2000 11.7 8.8 9.8 8.8 7.1 9.0 1.648 4.600 -0.09054 0.01840
Tanzania 1996 12.2 7.7 9.3 9.1 7.1 9.2 1.718 5.100 -0.11289 0.03115
Tanzania 2004 11.3 10.8 10.0 8.7 7.2 9.4 1.573 4.132 -0.08298 0.01953
Togo 1998 13.3 12.2 9.8 9.9 7.9 10.9 1.684 5.400 -0.11718 0.02962
Uganda 1995 12.7 11.8 10.2 9.3 5.8 10.1 2.190 6.900 -0.15921 0.02939
Uganda 2000/01 15.4 14.6 9.2 9.1 4.9 10.4 3.143 10.500 -0.19705 0.02111
Zambia 1996 10.2 10.2 10.1 7.4 7.9 9.1 1.291 2.300 -0.08297 0.03080
Zambia 2001 21.3 19.1 15.9 10.7 10.4 15.0 2.048 10.900 -0.18175 0.01754
Zimbabwe 1994 5.7 7.8 5.6 5.0 1.2 5.1 4.750 4.500 -0.18142 0.05510
Zimbabwe 1999 8.5 5.5 5.4 6.1 4.1 5.8 2.073 4.400 -0.14078 0.03438
G. ALL COUNTRIES 15.7 14.1 12.8 11.5 8.2 12.4 1.924 7.538 -0.10488 0.02783
- 50 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MILD ANEMIA AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 44.8 45.0 41.1 45.9 42.3 43.8 1.059 2.500 -0.01207 0.01089
Armenia 2000 14.4 12.7 11.2 7.9 6.1 10.2 2.361 8.300 -0.12418 0.02124
Kazakhstan 1995 39.3 37.9 37.6 35.5 36.2 37.1 1.086 3.100 -0.03666 0.01186
Kazakhstan 1999 30.3 25.8 26.7 27.0 24.2 26.6 1.252 6.100 -0.06780 0.02022
Kyrgyzstan 1997 28.3 26.4 32.1 29.5 23.0 27.7 1.230 5.300 -0.00658 0.01415
Uzbekistan 1996 42.1 48.9 47.3 43.5 44.6 45.3 0.944 2.500 0.00296 0.00965

Bolivia 1998 25.3 23.7 23.7 19.4 13.8 20.6 1.833 11.500 -0.12117 0.01837
Bolivia 2003 11.7 10.2 8.0 7.7 5.0 8.1 2.328 6.673 -0.13577 0.02508
Haiti 2000 36.0 34.3 35.8 39.4 35.6 36.3 1.011 0.400 0.00160 0.01120
Peru 2000 29.6 30.2 23.9 23.1 22.9 25.4 1.293 6.700 -0.07146 0.01323

Egypt 2000 25.6 22.2 24.4 22.9 19.3 22.7 1.326 6.300 -0.04760 0.01212
India 1998/99 40.3 38.2 34.8 32.5 30.3 35.2 1.330 10.000 -0.05940 0.00275
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Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MILD ANEMIA AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 40.5 38.5 40.5 41.0 42.5 40.7 0.953 2.000 0.01685 0.01262
Burkina Faso 2003 17.8 14.9 16.1 17.3 14.7 16.0 1.209 3.085 -0.01533 0.02026
Cameroon 2004 11.0 12.9 13.7 13.6 14.9 13.3 0.743 3.823 0.04880 0.02196
Ghana 2003 17.4 14.9 15.0 12.2 12.1 14.1 1.441 5.332 -0.08481 0.01876
Madagascar 1997 33.6 33.6 32.6 28.2 16.9 30.1 1.988 16.700 -0.08674 0.01486
Mali 2001 42.8 41.0 38.1 40.3 33.3 39.1 1.285 9.500 -0.02485 0.01202
Tanzania 2004 36.5 35.5 31.8 28.4 29.6 32.1 1.234 6.908 -0.02762 0.00875
Uganda 2000/01 24.9 24.0 23.0 23.5 15.9 22.1 1.566 9.000 -0.08627 0.01262
- 52 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MODERATE ANEMIA AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 19.1 15.5 13.2 10.8 5.3 12.7 3.604 13.800 -0.22565 0.02456
Armenia 2000 2.4 2.9 1.6 1.9 1.4 2.0 1.714 1.000 -0.09535 0.05327
Kazakhstan 1995 14.0 13.8 8.5 10.6 7.9 10.6 1.772 6.100 -0.08609 0.02698
Kazakhstan 1999 8.3 8.9 7.5 7.1 7.2 7.7 1.153 1.100 -0.08645 0.04239
Kyrgyzstan 1997 10.5 10.8 10.1 6.9 7.1 9.0 1.479 3.400 -0.09126 0.02673
Uzbekistan 1996 17.1 14.9 13.8 14.7 10.7 14.2 1.598 6.400 -0.08628 0.02127

Bolivia 1998 11.4 5.3 5.7 4.1 3.1 5.5 3.677 8.300 -0.20524 0.03827
Bolivia 2003 7.7 7.0 7.4 4.4 4.2 5.9 1.831 3.495 -0.15454 0.02977
Haiti 2000 13.6 17.8 13.4 17.4 16.1 15.8 0.845 2.500 0.01206 0.01865
Peru 2000 8.5 4.8 6.3 5.9 4.5 5.9 1.889 4.000 -0.12467 0.02964

Egypt 2000 5.2 5.5 4.8 4.8 3.0 4.6 1.733 2.200 -0.11545 0.02847
India 1998/99 19.8 16.8 14.5 13.3 10.2 14.9 1.941 9.600 -0.13832 0.00484
- 53 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
MODERATE ANEMIA AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 21.2 21.4 21.8 18.9 25.0 21.8 0.848 3.800 0.02026 0.02010
Burkina Faso 2003 15.4 15.1 14.5 17.8 12.0 14.7 1.274 3.305 -0.01182 0.02094
Cameroon 2004 10.9 11.9 11.7 11.4 11.1 11.4 0.985 0.171 -0.00977 0.02303
Ghana 2003 11.1 10.1 9.7 8.4 6.8 9.0 1.617 4.221 -0.05472 0.02360
Madagascar 1997 11.4 13.3 11.6 11.3 6.3 11.1 1.810 5.100 -0.09420 0.02687
Mali 2001 21.9 24.6 25.2 20.7 13.4 20.8 1.634 8.500 -0.10443 0.01799
Tanzania 2004 14.0 14.2 13.3 12.6 15.3 14.0 0.914 1.315 0.00282 0.01425
Uganda 2000/01 7.8 9.7 7.1 8.1 5.0 7.5 1.560 2.800 -0.09321 0.02375
- 54 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
SEVERE ANEMIA AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.2 0.4 1.3 4.000 1.200 -0.26333 0.08586
Armenia 2000 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.500 0.100 -0.13917 0.16110
Kazakhstan 1995 1.9 2.0 0.6 0.4 1.0 1.1 1.900 0.900 -0.09735 0.09056
Kazakhstan 1999 0.4 2.7 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.444 0.500 -0.07986 0.11196
Kyrgyzstan 1997 2.6 2.2 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.5 3.250 1.800 -0.16795 0.07013
Uzbekistan 1996 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.4 0.4 0.9 2.250 0.500 -0.18398 0.08204

Bolivia 1998 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.3 0.4 0.9 2.750 0.700 -0.15017 0.08246
Bolivia 2003 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.031 0.009 0.02188 0.11135
Haiti 2000 3.0 2.6 2.8 3.6 3.0 3.0 1.000 0.000 0.02233 0.04373
Peru 2000 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.500 0.100 -0.11701 0.13370

Egypt 2000 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 4.500 0.700 -0.45638 0.16076
India 1998/99 2.6 2.1 2.2 1.6 1.1 1.9 2.364 1.500 -0.14633 0.01330
- 55 -
Part I: HNP Status
Nutritional Status
SEVERE ANEMIA AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 1.5 3.1 1.7 2.2 1.0 1.8 1.500 0.500 -0.07694 0.06654
Burkina Faso 2003 1.7 0.7 1.3 1.5 0.6 1.1 2.989 1.133 -0.12707 0.08120
Cameroon 2004 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.8 1.774 0.458 -0.04694 0.09092
Ghana 2003 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.414 0.698 0.05828 0.07589
Madagascar 1997 1.3 0.6 0.3 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.625 0.500 -0.14633 0.12052
Mali 2001 2.7 4.2 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.8 1.227 0.500 -0.11953 0.05887
Tanzania 2004 1.6 1.3 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.1 1.319 0.384 -0.06589 0.05810
Uganda 2000/01 0.8 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.600 0.300 -0.16026 0.07492
- 56 -
Part I: HNP Status
Female Circumcision
PREVALENCE OF CIRCUMCISION AMONG GIRLS

Cambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na na na
B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na na

Armenia 2000 na na na na na na na na na na
Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na na
Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na na
Turkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na na
Uzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na na
Haiti 2000 na na na na na na na na na na

Egypt 1995 39.2 39.9 39.9 39.6 26.1 36.6 1.502 13.100 -0.04643 0.00617
Egypt 2000 57.3 57.6 53.9 46.3 33.9 49.5 1.690 23.400 -0.09487 0.00540
Yemen 1997 24.8 17.8 11.2 11.8 18.9 16.9 1.312 5.900 -0.04052 0.01508
- 57 -
Part I: HNP Status
Female Circumcision
PREVALENCE OF CIRCUMCISION AMONG GIRLS (Cont.)

Benin 2001 15.4 12.8 11.2 4.2 0.4 8.7 38.500 15.000 -0.34621 0.03459
Burkina Faso 1998/99 28.2 26.6 24.8 23.7 20.2 24.7 1.396 8.000 -0.08653 0.01170
Burkina Faso 2003 na na na na na na na na na na
Chad 2004 47.4 25.4 14.3 13.0 18.1 24.6 2.614 29.244 -0.19894 0.01740
Eritrea 1995 68.7 70.9 71.9 73.7 74.3 71.6 0.925 5.600 0.00835 0.00689
Ethiopia 2000 58.0 53.1 50.9 52.2 44.9 51.9 1.292 13.100 -0.04460 0.00629
Guinea 1999 53.9 57.7 55.7 55.8 54.7 55.5 0.985 0.800 0.00511 0.00819
Kenya 1998 16.0 15.4 16.3 10.3 6.8 13.0 2.353 9.200 -0.12411 0.02258
Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na na
Mali 1995/96 67.6 74.1 76.5 78.9 79.1 75.2 0.855 11.500 0.02211 0.00480
Mali 2001 76.3 73.3 66.0 67.9 79.2 72.4 0.963 2.900 -0.02529 0.00394
Niger 1998 17.5 23.1 17.8 17.2 4.7 14.9 3.723 12.800 -0.26152 0.03329
Nigeria 2003 19.0 15.8 18.2 16.9 21.2 18.5 0.894 2.239 -0.04871 0.02832
Tanzania 1996 11.6 5.7 7.8 6.5 2.4 6.8 4.833 9.200 -0.25069 0.03200
Tanzania 2004 10.8 9.3 5.9 4.0 1.1 5.7 10.284 9.763 -0.40958 0.03704
Uganda 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na na
- 58 -
Part I: HNP Status
Female Circumcision
PREVALENCE OF CIRCUMCISION AMONG WOMEN




Egypt 1995 99.3 99.6 99.6 98.8 88.9 97.0 1.117 10.400 -0.00531 0.00160
Egypt 2000 98.0 99.1 99.2 98.7 92.2 97.3 1.063 5.800 -0.00562 0.00136
Yemen 1997 31.3 22.8 14.7 17.2 26.5 22.6 1.181 4.800 -0.00705 0.01197
- 59 -
Part I: HNP Status
Female Circumcision
PREVALENCE OF CIRCUMCISION AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 25.7 25.5 22.0 13.1 3.3 16.8 7.788 22.400 -0.28738 0.01557
Burkina Faso 1998/99 64.9 69.4 70.6 72.3 80.3 71.6 0.808 15.400 0.03422 0.00468
Burkina Faso 2003 77.3 80.1 80.6 81.7 76.9 79.2 1.005 0.401 0.00123 0.00299
Cameroon 2004 9.3 13.8 14.5 26.4 44.3 23.3 0.209 35.052 0.33531 0.01459
Chad 2004 88.1 58.6 34.2 31.6 43.8 53.1 2.012 44.305 -0.14678 0.00661
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 60.8 36.3 44.8 44.7 29.8 42.7 2.040 31.000 -0.09584 0.00812
Eritrea 1995 96.1 96.3 94.5 94.4 92.0 94.5 1.045 4.100 -0.01473 0.00231
Ethiopia 2000 82.9 78.7 76.7 81.8 79.5 79.9 1.043 3.400 0.01260 0.00239
Guinea 1999 98.5 99.6 98.6 97.9 98.4 98.6 1.001 0.100 -0.00176 0.00094
Kenya 1998 45.4 42.9 44.4 35.5 24.1 37.6 1.884 21.300 -0.10931 0.00866
Mali 1995/96 88.0 95.7 96.5 95.8 92.8 93.7 0.948 4.800 0.00045 0.00264
Mali 2001 95.9 93.8 89.7 88.4 90.6 91.6 1.058 5.300 -0.02023 0.00158
Niger 1998 4.9 6.3 4.6 4.0 2.3 4.5 2.130 2.600 -0.16824 0.03060
Nigeria 2003 11.7 11.5 13.4 22.4 33.1 19.0 0.352 21.442 0.18224 0.01563
Tanzania 1996 31.7 16.0 17.4 15.6 10.6 17.7 2.991 21.100 -0.16659 0.01472
Tanzania 2004 20.5 18.4 16.3 12.8 7.8 14.6 2.625 12.676 -0.21633 0.01431
- 60 -
Part I: HNP Status
Female Circumcision
PREVALENCE OF OCCLUSION AMONG GIRLS

Cambodia 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Indonesia 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
Philippines 1998 * * * * * * - - na na
Vietnam 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
Vietnam 2002 * * * * * * - - na na

Armenia 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * * - - na na
Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * * - - na na
Kyrgyzstan 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
Turkey 1998 * * * * * * - - na na
Turkmenistan 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Uzbekistan 1996 * * * * * * - - na na

Bolivia 1998 * * * * * * - - na na
Brazil 1996 * * * * * * - - na na
Colombia 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Dominican Republic 1996 * * * * * * - - na na
Guatemala 1998/99 * * * * * * - - na na
Haiti 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Nicaragua 2001 * * * * * * - - na na
Paraguay 1990 * * * * * * - - na na
Peru 2000 * * * * * * - - na na

Egypt 1995 1.4 2.6 2.8 1.6 3.4 2.3 0.412 2.000 0.08728 0.04500
Jordan 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
Morocco 1992 * * * * * * - - na na
Bangladesh 1999/2000 * * * * * * - - na na
India 1992/93 * * * * * * - - na na
India 1998/99 * * * * * * - - na na
Nepal 1996 * * * * * * - - na na
Nepal 2001 * * * * * * - - na na
Pakistan 1990/91 * * * * * * - - na na
- 61 -
Part I: HNP Status
Female Circumcision
PREVALENCE OF OCCLUSION AMONG GIRLS (Cont.)

Benin 2001 1.2 4.6 4.7 * * 3.8 - - 0.28573 0.19462
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 na na
Burkina Faso 2003 3.8 3.3 5.6 2.3 2.1 3.6 1.800 1.708 -0.07119 0.05480
Chad 2004 4.5 3.9 0.9 7.0 3.7 4.1 1.199 0.738 0.09553 0.09290
Ethiopia 2000 1.6 2.9 6.0 4.2 2.3 3.3 0.696 0.700 -0.71200 0.09577
Guinea 1999 8.6 4.5 4.0 5.2 1.8 5.0 4.778 6.800 -0.18591 0.05259
Kenya 1998 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 na na
Malawi 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Mali 2001 3.4 3.7 5.8 4.7 5.2 4.5 0.654 1.800 -0.02793 0.03738
Namibia 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Nigeria 2003 3.1 3.5 7.9 3.0 2.1 3.6 1.459 0.981 -0.59804 0.17453
Rwanda 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Tanzania 1999 * * * * * * - - na na
Tanzania 2004 1.6 0.0 (5.4) 0.0 * 2.4 - - 0.17434 0.24674
Uganda 2000/01 * * * * * * - - na na
- 62 -
Part I: HNP Status
Female Circumcision
PREVALENCE OF OCCLUSION AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Indonesia 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
Philippines 1998 * * * * * * - - na na
Vietnam 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
Vietnam 2002 * * * * * * - - na na

Armenia 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * * - - na na
Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * * - - na na
Kyrgyzstan 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
Turkey 1998 * * * * * * - - na na
Uzbekistan 1996 * * * * * * - - na na

Bolivia 1998 * * * * * * - - na na
Brazil 1996 * * * * * * - - na na
Colombia 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Dominican Republic 1996 * * * * * * - - na na
Guatemala 1998/99 * * * * * * - - na na
Haiti 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Nicaragua 2001 * * * * * * - - na na
Paraguay 1990 * * * * * * - - na na
Peru 2000 * * * * * * - - na na

Egypt 1995 0.3 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.300 0.700 0.21709 0.05325
Jordan 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
Morocco 1992 * * * * * * - - na na
Bangladesh 1999/2000 * * * * * * - - na na
India 1992/93 * * * * * * - - na na
India 1998/99 * * * * * * - - na na
Nepal 1996 * * * * * * - - na na
Nepal 2001 * * * * * * - - na na
Pakistan 1990/91 * * * * * * - - na na
- 63 -
Part I: HNP Status
Female Circumcision
PREVALENCE OF OCCLUSION AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 2.4 2.7 4.9 4.0 (4.5) 3.5 0.533 6.900 -0.21009 0.08073
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.167 0.500 0.34979 0.18130
Burkina Faso 2003 2.1 2.7 2.0 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.248 0.415 -0.07287 0.03948
Chad 2004 1.0 1.8 1.8 2.5 5.7 2.3 0.182 4.698 0.56438 0.08772
Eritrea 1995 60.3 57.3 32.0 23.8 5.8 34.0 10.397 54.500 -0.47698 0.01119
Ethiopia 2000 2.1 2.7 4.4 3.6 2.4 3.0 0.875 0.300 -0.66463 0.05950
Guinea 1999 8.3 7.5 7.9 6.6 3.6 6.7 2.306 4.700 -0.12738 0.02537
Malawi 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Mali 1995/96 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.400 0.300 0.02011 0.07736
Mali 2001 1.3 1.4 2.0 1.9 2.6 1.9 0.500 1.300 0.08356 0.04203
Namibia 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Niger 1998 2.9 1.3 1.4 2.0 9.3 2.6 0.312 6.400 0.09470 0.24376
Nigeria 2003 2.6 4.2 4.7 4.1 4.0 4.0 0.646 1.404 0.01989 0.07437
Rwanda 2000 * * * * * * - - na na
Tanzania 1996 8.7 3.2 6.4 3.1 1.9 5.3 4.579 6.800 -0.40735 0.07891
Tanzania 1999 * * * * * * - - na na
Tanzania 2004 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.8 5.4 2.0 0.188 4.389 0.21595 0.11430
Uganda 2000/01 * * * * * * - - na na
- 64 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF GENITAL DISCHARGE AMONG WOMEN


Armenia 2000 28.1 25.0 21.2 22.0 17.5 22.6 1.606 10.600 -0.07675 0.01581
Kazakhstan 1999 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.3 - 0.200 0.21100 0.14319
Brazil 1996 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 4.000 0.300 -0.31524 0.12665
Colombia 2000 25.3 29.2 29.9 27.9 23.6 27.2 1.072 1.700 -0.01012 0.00968
Colombia 2005 5.5 4.9 5.3 4.6 3.9 4.8 1.431 1.667 -0.06970 0.01368
Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na 0.07088 0.40304
Haiti 1994/95 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.6 1.5 0.308 1.800 0.25465 0.07442
Haiti 2000 7.7 7.0 6.6 7.8 6.4 7.1 1.203 1.300 -0.03008 0.02352
Nicaragua 1997/98 12.6 11.3 11.4 9.4 9.1 10.7 1.385 3.500 -0.07293 0.01658
Nicaragua 2001 13.8 12.9 12.9 11.9 10.3 12.2 1.340 3.500 -0.08383 0.01540
Peru 1996 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 0.14466 0.15003
Peru 2000 18.0 22.8 26.7 25.0 20.7 22.9 0.870 2.700 0.06878 0.00750

Bangladesh 1999/2000 32.1 34.9 32.6 32.4 28.7 32.1 1.118 3.400 -0.02544 0.00805
Bangladesh 2004 20.4 19.3 19.6 20.2 18.5 19.6 1.106 1.963 -0.03037 0.01069
- 65 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF GENITAL DISCHARGE AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 4.4 4.5 4.4 5.4 6.3 5.0 0.701 1.883 0.08173 0.05236
Benin 1996 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.667 0.100 0.09480 0.25836
Benin 2001 1.0 1.2 0.8 2.6 4.9 2.3 0.204 3.900 0.39768 0.05943
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.2 - 0.600 0.77768 0.24706
Burkina Faso 2003 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.1 9.1 3.4 0.130 7.886 0.46090 0.03274
Cameroon 1998 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.583 0.500 0.13483 0.07978
Cameroon 2004 3.8 6.9 9.7 10.0 11.2 8.6 0.343 7.361 0.13801 0.01876
Chad 1996/97 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.333 0.400 0.26177 0.11348
Chad 2004 4.0 4.8 2.1 3.8 7.5 4.5 0.539 3.449 0.18468 0.03452
Gabon 2000 16.5 17.1 15.4 16.5 15.0 16.1 1.100 1.500 -0.03011 0.01717
Ghana 2003 5.1 5.8 5.1 5.1 6.6 5.6 0.768 1.523 0.05050 0.03147
Guinea 1999 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.3 - 0.500 -0.10748 0.13216
Kenya 1998 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.4 1.1 1.000 0.000 -0.07278 0.07107
Kenya 2003 2.9 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.6 1.137 0.349 0.03515 0.03671
Madagascar 1997 1.6 1.7 1.9 0.8 0.8 1.3 2.000 0.800 -0.13372 0.05837
Malawi 2000 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.2 3.5 4.8 1.429 1.500 -0.00874 0.02200
Mali 1995/96 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.500 0.100 0.05412 0.10682
Mali 2001 20.4 17.8 18.6 20.1 29.9 21.5 0.682 9.500 0.08064 0.01096
Mozambique 2003 4.9 5.7 4.0 6.9 9.5 6.3 0.512 4.647 0.19174 0.02203
Niger 1998 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.000 0.100 -0.19808 0.23476
Nigeria 2003 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.4 2.9 2.3 0.800 0.577 0.01436 0.04530
Rwanda 2000 1.9 1.5 1.5 2.1 3.5 2.1 0.543 1.600 0.27095 0.05190
Senegal 1997 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.4 1.3 0.7 0.154 1.100 0.22760 0.07665
Tanzania 1996 2.2 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.467 0.700 -0.05896 0.05256
Tanzania 2004 3.3 2.6 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.3 0.861 0.530 -0.01837 0.02942
Togo 1998 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.2 3.000 0.200 0.08491 0.10746
Uganda 1995 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.7 2.250 0.500 -0.05195 0.08960
Uganda 2000/01 7.9 9.6 9.9 13.6 13.2 10.9 0.598 5.300 0.08201 0.01938
Zambia 1996 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.857 0.600 -0.08770 0.05784
Zambia 2001 3.1 2.4 2.0 3.8 2.5 2.8 1.240 0.600 0.03235 0.04426
Zimbabwe 1994 1.3 1.7 2.1 1.7 1.0 1.5 1.300 0.300 -0.02636 0.05993
Zimbabwe 1999 6.6 4.4 5.4 8.2 6.2 6.3 1.065 0.400 0.02338 0.03198
G. ALL COUNTRIES 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.8 6.9 6.5 0.909 0.628 0.04361 0.04914
- 66 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF GENITAL DISCHARGE AMONG MEN

Philippines 2003 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 2.684 0.759 -0.19553 0.09582

Armenia 2000 0.9 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.800 0.400 -0.12186 0.30349
Kazakhstan 1999 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.3 - 0.200 0.59225 0.34072

Bolivia 2003 1.1 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.908 0.115 -0.02845 0.06215
Brazil 1996 1.6 2.1 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.0 0.800 0.400 -0.02620 0.08018
Dominican Republic 2002 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.4 0.1 0.7 3.629 0.280 0.00910 0.09201
Haiti 1994/95 2.3 6.1 9.8 7.9 5.7 6.6 0.404 3.400 0.06561 0.05088
Haiti 2000 5.6 10.3 9.1 5.5 2.7 6.6 2.074 2.900 -0.06662 0.03914
Nicaragua 1997/98 2.1 2.2 3.1 1.5 1.0 2.0 2.100 1.100 -0.18411 0.07635
Peru 1996 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.8 0.667 0.500 0.16112 0.17774

Bangladesh 1999/2000 4.8 3.7 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.9 2.400 2.800 -0.17876 0.06588
Bangladesh 2004 3.3 2.9 1.7 2.5 2.1 2.5 1.620 1.278 -0.11561 0.05377
- 67 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF GENITAL DISCHARGE AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 4.1 3.4 4.1 5.1 2.5 3.8 1.640 1.600 -0.01143 0.05686
Benin 2001 1.9 1.1 2.1 3.3 3.9 2.5 0.487 2.000 0.19400 0.07731
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.0 1.7 2.0 1.5 3.4 1.9 - 3.400 0.31258 0.09058
Burkina Faso 2003 1.4 0.4 1.6 2.5 2.0 1.6 0.675 0.665 0.16394 0.07216
Cameroon 1998 4.2 6.9 11.7 11.0 10.2 9.2 0.412 6.000 0.10972 0.03577
Cameroon 2004 2.8 2.7 4.0 4.2 5.3 4.0 0.536 2.442 0.12354 0.04120
Chad 1996/97 2.3 1.7 1.4 1.8 4.2 2.4 0.548 1.900 0.19807 0.08728
Chad 2004 2.3 0.9 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.106 0.223 0.17416 0.10403
Eritrea 1995 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 - 0.600 0.03671 0.27844
Ethiopia 2000 2.3 1.0 4.3 0.0 3.1 2.2 0.742 0.800 -0.07162 0.08003
Gabon 2000 6.2 8.3 7.7 7.1 4.9 6.9 1.265 1.300 -0.06428 0.04721
Ghana 2003 2.4 2.5 1.6 2.8 1.2 2.1 1.903 1.124 -0.06619 0.05402
Guinea 1999 6.0 5.8 4.6 6.2 5.8 5.7 1.034 0.200 -0.01572 0.06059
Kenya 1998 4.0 5.9 5.5 5.2 3.0 4.6 1.333 1.000 -0.02445 0.04653
Kenya 2003 2.6 2.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.615 0.978 -0.07433 0.06652
Malawi 2000 3.9 4.2 2.8 2.8 5.5 4.0 0.709 1.600 0.00614 0.05601
Mali 1995/96 2.1 1.5 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.2 0.913 0.200 0.12395 0.08761
Mali 2001 4.3 5.5 5.5 4.3 4.1 4.7 1.049 0.200 -0.02848 0.04762
Mauritania 2000/01 2.5 3.3 1.5 2.8 4.1 3.0 0.610 1.600 0.13912 0.10318
Mozambique 2003 2.8 2.2 2.2 4.7 6.5 3.9 0.437 3.666 0.14143 0.05292
Namibia 2000 1.4 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.9 3.500 1.000 -0.29285 0.13897
Niger 1998 2.5 1.8 1.6 1.4 2.7 2.0 0.926 0.200 0.13122 0.08327
Nigeria 2003 3.0 2.7 2.8 1.6 1.3 2.2 2.334 1.731 -0.12645 0.07117
Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.06168 0.13420
Senegal 1997 1.0 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.429 0.300 -0.10868 0.09831
Tanzania 1996 5.7 7.8 8.6 6.3 6.8 7.1 0.838 1.100 -0.01894 0.04698
Tanzania 2004 1.7 2.8 1.5 3.8 0.8 2.1 1.977 0.828 -0.09177 0.06713
Togo 1998 1.8 1.6 2.6 3.9 4.1 2.9 0.439 2.300 0.17640 0.05220
Uganda 1995 2.6 1.3 1.9 2.9 2.8 2.3 0.929 0.200 0.04209 0.07899
Uganda 2000/01 1.0 2.2 0.3 2.1 1.2 1.4 0.833 0.200 -0.02550 0.10426
Zambia 1996 4.9 5.5 6.4 6.9 4.1 5.5 1.195 0.800 -0.03382 0.05426
Zambia 2001 2.3 1.8 3.7 9.2 3.4 4.2 0.676 1.100 0.16667 0.05891
Zimbabwe 1994 2.6 5.1 6.8 5.3 5.5 5.2 0.473 2.900 0.07609 0.05652
Zimbabwe 1999 5.7 3.8 6.2 3.1 2.0 3.8 2.850 3.700 -0.17787 0.06405
G. ALL COUNTRIES 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.8 1.045 0.119 0.01213 0.09460
- 68 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF GENITAL ULCER AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.4 3.9 2.9 0.718 1.100 0.07208 0.03120

Armenia 2000 9.5 10.3 7.6 9.2 7.5 8.8 1.267 2.000 -0.03460 0.02806
Kazakhstan 1999 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 - 0.000 -0.15622 0.22715
Brazil 1996 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.500 0.100 -0.13061 0.15787
Colombia 2000 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.125 0.100 -0.03985 0.05428
Colombia 2005 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.811 0.135 0.00452 0.03799
Haiti 1994/95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 0.40674 0.40693
Haiti 2000 2.8 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.7 2.1 1.647 1.100 -0.09028 0.04610
Nicaragua 1997/98 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.7 1.750 0.900 -0.11989 0.04240
Nicaragua 2001 2.9 2.4 2.5 1.3 1.1 1.9 2.636 1.800 -0.21485 0.04142
Peru 1996 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 0.48717 0.61979
Peru 2000 2.4 2.4 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.4 0.649 1.300 0.12165 0.02069

Bangladesh 1999/2000 6.8 7.4 6.3 6.1 5.6 6.4 1.214 1.200 -0.05638 0.02137
Bangladesh 2004 8.3 6.6 7.3 5.3 5.3 6.5 1.554 2.943 -0.12542 0.02013
- 69 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF GENITAL ULCER AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 - 0.200 0.75107 0.53472
Benin 2001 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.9 0.9 0.263 1.400 0.25195 0.09147
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 - 0.100 1.46664 1.03804
Burkina Faso 2003 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 2.5 0.9 0.086 2.280 0.54494 0.06877
Cameroon 1998 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.600 0.200 0.01132 0.09973
Cameroon 2004 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.6 3.6 2.9 0.493 1.845 0.10163 0.03358
Chad 1996/97 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.500 0.100 0.41750 0.36663
Chad 2004 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.5 1.5 0.9 0.680 0.475 0.06485 0.07473
Gabon 2000 4.2 6.2 5.8 5.1 7.1 5.8 0.592 2.900 0.04439 0.03037
Ghana 2003 1.6 2.0 1.7 2.6 2.4 2.1 0.657 0.822 0.08455 0.05012
Guinea 1999 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.750 0.200 0.00756 0.09263
Kenya 1998 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.600 0.200 0.05451 0.07549
Kenya 2003 2.6 2.3 1.3 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.379 0.712 -0.06333 0.04080
Madagascar 1997 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.727 0.300 0.08766 0.07299
Malawi 2000 7.2 8.9 8.7 9.3 6.4 8.1 1.125 0.800 0.02658 0.01676
Mali 1995/96 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.000 0.000 0.05448 0.13475
Mali 2001 8.2 9.0 8.0 9.1 9.9 8.8 0.828 1.700 0.01579 0.01771
Mozambique 2003 1.7 1.3 1.8 2.4 2.3 1.9 0.750 0.569 0.09218 0.03683
Niger 1998 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 1.000 0.000 -0.02839 0.10590
Nigeria 2003 2.8 2.6 2.6 1.9 2.5 2.5 1.094 0.238 -0.05850 0.04017
Rwanda 2000 1.6 0.9 0.8 1.0 2.3 1.3 0.696 0.700 0.18246 0.06884
Senegal 1997 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.500 0.100 0.15655 0.18173
Tanzania 1996 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 2.200 0.600 -0.19328 0.08562
Tanzania 2004 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.239 0.369 -0.08787 0.03997
Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na 0.88111 0.62290
Uganda 1995 1.9 1.4 3.3 2.8 3.9 2.6 0.487 2.000 0.15888 0.04276
Uganda 2000/01 6.4 7.8 7.3 12.9 14.7 10.0 0.435 8.300 0.14485 0.02049
Zambia 1996 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.1 0.700 0.300 0.08094 0.05883
Zambia 2001 3.2 3.2 3.3 5.4 3.6 3.8 0.889 0.400 0.07268 0.03559
Zimbabwe 1994 0.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.667 0.200 0.00532 0.07804
Zimbabwe 1999 5.1 3.0 2.8 5.1 2.9 3.8 1.759 2.200 -0.04785 0.04137
G. ALL COUNTRIES 2.7 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.1 2.9 0.872 0.394 0.05616 0.07826
- 70 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF GENITAL ULCER AMONG MEN

Philippines 2003 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.6 2.417 0.306 -0.16175 0.09198

Kazakhstan 1999 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.1 0.3 - 1.100 0.46293 0.26798

Bolivia 2003 0.8 0.7 0.4 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.682 0.357 0.06238 0.06750
Brazil 1996 0.6 0.8 0.0 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.545 0.500 0.18479 0.14111
Haiti 1994/95 1.1 1.7 1.6 2.5 2.1 1.8 0.524 1.000 0.10633 0.11555
Haiti 2000 6.4 6.1 4.4 1.6 1.3 4.0 4.923 5.100 -0.12829 0.05268
Nicaragua 1997/98 1.6 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.9 0.9 1.778 0.700 -0.05461 0.12496
Peru 1996 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.1 3.3 1.6 0.273 2.400 0.18490 0.08586

Bangladesh 1999/2000 5.9 6.2 3.7 6.2 3.6 5.1 1.639 2.300 -0.10514 0.04955
Bangladesh 2004 8.6 7.8 6.9 8.6 4.9 7.2 1.747 3.661 -0.11253 0.02765
- 71 -
Part I: HNP Status
PREVALENCE OF GENITAL ULCER AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 1.8 0.6 2.1 2.0 1.3 1.6 1.385 0.500 0.02482 0.08774
Benin 2001 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.8 1.8 1.4 0.556 0.800 0.11367 0.10755
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.2 1.9 0.7 - 1.900 0.67753 0.18981
Burkina Faso 2003 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.7 1.2 0.288 1.203 0.09700 0.07987
Cameroon 1998 1.1 1.7 3.5 3.6 4.4 3.0 0.250 3.300 0.21533 0.06268
Cameroon 2004 0.6 1.5 2.6 2.6 3.2 2.3 0.187 2.593 0.19468 0.05075
Chad 1996/97 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.7 1.1 0.353 1.100 0.20768 0.14567
Chad 2004 0.7 0.9 0.9 2.3 1.1 1.2 0.615 0.429 0.12558 0.12181
Eritrea 1995 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 - 0.300 0.84535 0.84604
Ethiopia 2000 0.8 0.7 3.1 0.1 2.5 1.5 0.320 1.700 -0.00299 0.09426
Gabon 2000 4.3 2.9 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.7 1.075 0.300 -0.00556 0.06966
Ghana 2003 1.3 1.2 1.0 2.7 0.9 1.4 1.456 0.400 0.05129 0.06054
Guinea 1999 2.4 4.5 4.1 3.1 2.7 3.3 0.889 0.300 -0.03255 0.07056
Kenya 1998 3.2 4.1 3.7 3.2 1.5 2.9 2.133 1.700 -0.08482 0.05512
Kenya 2003 1.7 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.452 0.523 -0.04134 0.08908
Malawi 2000 3.6 3.8 4.5 5.0 5.4 4.4 0.667 1.800 0.05903 0.05107
Mali 1995/96 1.9 3.1 0.6 3.2 0.8 1.9 2.375 1.100 -0.10521 0.08198
Mali 2001 2.9 3.6 1.1 1.7 1.3 2.0 2.231 1.600 -0.14192 0.08013
Mauritania 2000/01 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.357 0.500 -0.00378 0.14647
Mozambique 2003 2.6 1.8 3.7 2.1 3.6 2.8 0.717 1.017 0.09256 0.06425
Namibia 2000 0.2 0.8 2.0 1.1 0.5 1.0 0.400 0.300 -0.02787 0.09627
Niger 1998 0.7 1.5 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.000 0.000 0.04718 0.10641
Nigeria 2003 1.1 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.7 4.319 0.846 -0.08719 0.14124
Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.02108 0.15303
Senegal 1997 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 - 0.000 0.29278 0.23523
Tanzania 1996 2.5 6.0 4.2 3.7 2.7 3.8 0.926 0.200 -0.10133 0.06236
Tanzania 2004 1.8 2.4 4.7 4.2 1.2 2.8 1.574 0.674 -0.04760 0.05009
Togo 1998 0.8 1.6 0.6 2.9 4.3 2.2 0.186 3.500 0.25592 0.06657
Uganda 1995 4.6 5.8 6.3 4.9 6.9 5.7 0.667 2.300 0.07677 0.05246
Uganda 2000/01 3.3 1.7 2.1 2.8 5.4 3.1 0.611 2.100 0.09163 0.07546
Zambia 1996 2.9 3.4 3.5 4.3 5.0 3.9 0.580 2.100 0.09479 0.07317
Zambia 2001 4.4 3.2 4.6 9.3 3.9 5.2 1.128 0.500 0.08459 0.05387
Zimbabwe 1994 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.3 3.8 2.8 0.553 1.700 0.09121 0.08690
Zimbabwe 1999 6.1 4.3 3.3 3.9 3.5 4.1 1.743 2.600 -0.09230 0.06308
G. ALL COUNTRIES 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.1 0.970 0.063 0.07181 0.12007
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B. HEALTH, NUTRITION, POPULATION SERVICE USE
Childhood Immunization 75
BCG Coverage
Measles Coverage
DPT Coverage
Full Basic Coverage
No Basic Coverage
Hepatitis B Coverage
Yellow Fever Coverage
Treatment of Childhood Illnesses 89

Treatment of Fever
Medical Treatment of Fever
Treatment in a Public Facility
Treatment in a Private Facility
Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infection
Medical Treatment of ARI
Use of Oral Rehydration Therapy
Medical Treatment of Diarrhea
Antenatal and Delivery Care 109

Antenatal Care Visits
To a Medically-Trained Person
To a Doctor
To a Nurse or Trained Midwife
Multiple Visits to a Medically-Trained Person
Antenatal Care Content
Tetanus Toxoid
Prophylactic Antimalarial Treatment
Iron Supplementation
- 73 -
Delivery Attendance
By a Medically-Trained Person
By a Doctor
By a Nurse or Trained Midwife
In a Public Facility
In a Private Facility
At Home
Contraceptive Services 135

Contraceptive Prevalence
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Treatment of Adult Illnesses 147

Women
Men
in a Public Facility
Women
Men
Women
Men
- 74 -
Part II: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Health Service Use
BCG COVERAGE

A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 75.4 81.6 85.9 89.1 95.7 84.5 0.788 20.325 0.04585 0.00691
Cambodia 2000 65.8 62.9 73.0 76.1 89.2 71.4 0.738 23.400 0.05251 0.01004
Indonesia 1997 70.6 81.8 85.9 92.0 96.1 84.9 0.735 25.500 0.04963 0.00370
Indonesia 2002/03 69.9 75.9 82.9 89.0 96.5 82.5 0.724 26.651 0.05945 0.00419
Philippines 1998 81.2 90.6 94.4 96.5 98.0 90.8 0.829 16.800 0.04631 0.00486
Philippines 2003 82.2 92.2 94.0 93.1 97.1 90.8 0.847 14.847 0.03728 0.00552
Vietnam 1997 81.1 84.1 95.9 96.6 96.8 89.5 0.838 15.700 0.04547 0.00854
Vietnam 2002 83.6 95.4 93.8 98.1 100.0 93.4 0.836 16.400 0.03417 0.00789
Armenia 2000 89.6 90.9 89.4 95.1 (88.1) 90.6 1.017 177.700 -0.00262 0.01098
Kazakhstan 1995 97.7 95.2 95.5 97.4 (98.6) 96.8 0.991 196.300 -0.00090 0.00459
Kazakhstan 1999 90.3 (92.8) (89.1) 88.8 (87.9) 89.9 1.027 178.200 -0.01190 0.01166
Kyrgyzstan 1997 98.6 97.4 97.8 97.2 98.9 98.0 0.997 0.300 -0.00325 0.00368
Turkey 1993 70.7 91.5 95.0 94.8 99.0 89.1 0.714 28.300 0.05243 0.00811
Turkey 1998 74.8 84.8 93.7 93.9 100.0 88.5 0.748 25.200 0.05930 0.00805
Uzbekistan 1996 96.8 100.0 94.0 97.8 100.0 97.5 0.968 3.200 0.00089 0.00308
Bolivia 1998 78.1 83.5 88.7 95.4 99.6 87.4 0.784 21.500 0.04535 0.00550
Bolivia 2003 91.1 90.0 92.8 97.9 99.1 93.5 0.919 8.008 0.01527 0.00310
Brazil 1996 83.5 93.6 97.9 97.9 97.0 92.6 0.861 13.500 0.04381 0.00638
Colombia 1995 88.9 92.8 95.9 96.0 93.1 93.1 0.955 4.200 0.02024 0.00550
Colombia 2000 89.0 96.0 98.0 97.1 93.6 94.5 0.951 4.600 0.01553 0.00542
Colombia 2005 93.1 98.4 98.8 98.7 99.8 97.3 0.932 6.761 0.01390 0.00238
Guatemala 1995 73.4 77.5 78.7 79.6 84.3 77.8 0.871 10.900 0.03754 0.00778
Guatemala 1998/99 88.5 92.7 90.5 94.8 95.9 92.0 0.923 7.400 0.01965 0.00565
Haiti 1994/95 56.4 65.1 76.4 84.8 90.6 73.4 0.623 34.200 0.09711 0.01250
Haiti 2000 55.4 64.5 75.1 78.6 85.5 71.0 0.648 30.100 0.09062 0.01007
Nicaragua 1997/98 91.0 96.1 95.8 99.7 94.7 95.0 0.961 3.700 0.01812 0.00375
Nicaragua 2001 92.0 95.3 96.6 97.8 98.7 95.5 0.932 6.700 0.01595 0.00322
Paraguay 1990 44.2 56.8 75.2 86.8 89.2 67.3 0.496 45.000 0.17137 0.01264
Peru 1996 86.6 96.6 97.8 98.9 95.6 94.3 0.906 9.000 0.02814 0.00287
Peru 2000 92.1 96.7 97.0 98.5 99.8 96.2 0.923 7.700 0.01737 0.00265
D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 61.8 66.1 68.3 72.9 76.1 68.9 0.812 14.321 0.06536 0.01117
Egypt 1995 89.0 93.7 95.5 97.3 98.8 94.7 0.901 9.800 0.03166 0.00370
Egypt 2000 98.2 99.4 99.6 99.4 100.0 99.3 0.982 1.800 0.00402 0.00126
Jordan 1997 23.3 27.3 23.8 24.1 20.9 24.1 1.115 2.400 0.02742 0.03126
Morocco 1992 81.6 95.7 97.0 99.4 99.3 93.4 0.822 17.700 0.04044 0.00572
Morocco 2003/04 96.8 98.1 99.6 99.3 98.5 98.4 0.983 1.683 0.00476 0.00230
Yemen 1997 28.9 39.7 50.1 68.8 85.1 53.8 0.340 56.200 0.22524 0.00985
E. SOUTH ASIA 65.9 75.4 80.9 87.2 93.7 79.9 0.703 27.801 0.08167 0.00636
Bangladesh 1996/97 79.8 82.6 85.4 93.9 94.8 86.3 0.842 15.000 0.03593 0.00653
Bangladesh 1999/2000 84.2 91.1 93.2 93.4 96.5 91.0 0.873 12.300 0.02510 0.00508
Bangladesh 2004 87.2 96.8 94.9 94.2 97.9 93.7 0.891 10.705 0.01946 0.00429
India 1992/93 41.5 50.6 63.7 75.6 88.3 62.2 0.470 46.800 0.16569 0.00379
India 1998/99 50.9 61.9 74.5 85.7 94.2 71.6 0.540 43.300 0.13867 0.00321
Nepal 1996 63.9 75.8 77.5 78.7 93.6 76.0 0.683 29.700 0.06425 0.00836
Nepal 2001 74.9 81.5 89.2 90.7 92.6 84.5 0.809 17.700 0.05163 0.00684
Pakistan 1990/91 50.6 61.4 65.2 78.0 90.1 69.7 0.562 39.500 0.11694 0.01108
- 75 -
BCG COVERAGE (Cont.)

Benin 1996 69.9 81.6 93.3 93.2 95.7 85.4 0.730 25.800 0.06796 0.00848
Benin 2001 80.6 86.7 90.2 97.2 96.1 89.9 0.839 15.500 0.03939 0.00659
Burkina Faso 1992/93 77.3 84.2 82.1 86.5 97.4 85.4 0.794 20.097 0.04536 0.00677
Burkina Faso 1998/99 61.1 72.5 67.4 73.6 90.5 72.3 0.675 29.400 0.07430 0.01009
Burkina Faso 2003 71.6 77.1 79.8 84.6 94.3 80.9 0.759 22.752 0.04853 0.00556
Cameroon 1991 64.3 58.9 70.8 84.5 94.9 75.5 0.678 30.600 0.09849 0.01206
Cameroon 1998 58.6 59.3 82.3 90.4 92.3 74.8 0.635 33.700 0.10649 0.01179
Cameroon 2004 71.1 79.6 86.7 92.8 97.4 84.3 0.730 26.294 0.06480 0.00870
Chad 1996/97 17.3 32.4 30.0 47.1 72.2 38.8 0.240 54.900 0.29211 0.01791
Chad 2004 13.8 34.2 41.8 43.3 67.8 40.2 0.203 54.012 0.27436 0.01873
Comoros 1996 85.2 83.2 94.5 98.8 98.0 90.8 0.869 12.800 0.03897 0.00878
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 48.8 64.3 74.6 90.1 95.5 73.8 0.511 46.700 0.13681 0.00907
Eritrea 1995 48.3 33.7 57.7 78.1 96.6 60.7 0.500 48.300 0.20801 0.01544
Ethiopia 2000 38.9 36.6 40.0 46.5 71.2 45.6 0.546 32.300 0.16643 0.01364
Gabon 2000 74.9 89.9 93.2 94.2 95.0 89.1 0.788 20.100 0.04852 0.00742
Ghana 1993 66.9 79.8 88.3 86.6 95.0 83.1 0.704 28.100 0.06083 0.01045
Ghana 1998 79.2 84.3 92.5 92.5 95.0 87.8 0.834 15.800 0.02900 0.00780
Ghana 2003 86.6 90.2 90.1 96.6 93.9 91.0 0.923 7.239 0.01835 0.00695
Guinea 1999 55.9 68.5 77.4 84.6 96.1 75.8 0.582 40.200 0.10106 0.00959
Kenya 1993 93.3 94.6 95.7 99.1 99.1 96.2 0.942 5.774 0.01196 0.00312
Kenya 1998 93.5 92.7 98.3 97.4 99.0 95.9 0.944 5.500 0.01286 0.00353
Kenya 2003 70.0 88.7 92.9 96.4 96.0 87.3 0.730 25.929 0.06477 0.00710
Madagascar 1997 47.5 60.0 62.0 82.3 92.5 66.0 0.514 45.000 0.14600 0.01037
Malawi 1992 92.3 96.3 98.0 99.0 98.8 97.0 0.934 6.500 0.01005 0.00394
Malawi 2000 92.6 90.2 91.6 91.1 97.1 92.4 0.954 4.500 0.01204 0.00320
Mali 1995/96 56.5 70.7 76.2 83.5 94.7 76.3 0.597 38.200 0.09077 0.00749
Mali 2001 58.1 60.4 59.6 77.6 92.1 69.0 0.631 34.000 0.09949 0.00805
Mauritania 2000/01 56.8 64.1 81.2 81.6 93.7 74.7 0.606 36.900 0.08560 0.01122
Mozambique 1997 57.3 72.6 73.6 94.2 98.1 78.1 0.584 40.800 0.09249 0.00754
Mozambique 2003 74.5 85.9 88.7 95.9 99.8 87.4 0.746 25.340 0.05058 0.00480
Namibia 1992 88.4 90.5 92.9 91.2 93.2 91.2 0.948 4.800 0.01085 0.00644
Namibia 2000 85.7 86.9 88.1 95.0 95.4 90.0 0.898 9.700 0.02582 0.00687
Niger 1998 27.6 38.6 31.7 52.4 87.4 47.3 0.316 59.800 0.24887 0.01342
Nigeria 1990 50.7 44.1 62.7 68.3 84.4 60.6 0.601 33.700 0.14850 0.01131
Nigeria 2003 22.6 30.1 43.2 59.9 91.9 48.4 0.246 69.312 0.25657 0.01738
Rwanda 2000 96.7 95.3 96.9 97.2 98.8 97.0 0.979 2.100 0.00273 0.00273
South Africa 1998 95.5 97.2 96.1 97.8 98.1 96.8 0.973 2.600 0.00488 0.00339
Tanzania 1996 91.3 96.4 95.7 98.9 99.6 96.2 0.917 8.300 0.01748 0.00348
Tanzania 1999 88.8 96.9 87.3 93.7 99.9 92.7 0.889 11.100 0.01635 0.00532
Tanzania 2004 86.7 90.4 91.2 93.7 96.8 91.2 0.895 10.177 0.02066 0.00418
Togo 1998 60.2 76.3 78.5 80.5 91.9 75.7 0.655 31.700 0.06963 0.00931
Uganda 1995 79.6 78.2 84.4 85.0 92.4 83.6 0.861 12.800 0.03706 0.00618
Uganda 2000/01 73.8 77.6 76.5 82.7 85.3 78.7 0.865 11.500 0.03185 0.00749
Zambia 1996 94.7 97.7 96.1 99.7 100.0 97.4 0.947 5.300 0.00996 0.00246
Zambia 2001 93.8 93.2 91.9 98.2 92.9 94.0 1.010 0.900 0.00709 0.00424
Zimbabwe 1994 95.4 93.4 95.2 98.3 95.5 95.7 0.999 0.100 0.00180 0.00427
Zimbabwe 1999 90.5 87.9 84.5 86.0 92.3 88.1 0.980 1.800 0.00101 0.00702
G. ALL COUNTRIES 72.0 77.7 81.4 86.6 92.4 81.3 0.779 20.415 0.06643 0.00790
- 76 -
MEASLES COVERAGE

Cambodia 2000 43.9 51.2 55.1 59.7 81.8 55.4 0.537 37.900 0.07908 0.01323
Indonesia 1997 59.0 65.6 72.3 74.6 85.1 70.9 0.693 26.100 0.06408 0.00552
Indonesia 2002/03 59.5 64.8 71.7 78.9 84.9 71.6 0.701 25.407 0.06937 0.00602
Philippines 1998 67.6 77.1 83.4 84.3 92.2 78.9 0.733 24.600 0.05966 0.00733
Philippines 2003 69.7 81.6 83.4 80.2 89.4 79.7 0.780 19.675 0.05220 0.00798
Vietnam 1997 64.3 73.9 82.4 86.9 87.8 77.1 0.732 23.500 0.07273 0.01189
Vietnam 2002 64.4 82.1 89.1 90.7 97.8 83.2 0.658 33.400 0.07107 0.01263
Armenia 2000 67.8 72.5 78.4 81.3 (74.1) 74.3 0.915 141.900 0.02911 0.02042
Kazakhstan 1995 60.9 58.6 80.5 66.3 (69.2) 66.9 0.880 130.100 0.02719 0.02302
Kazakhstan 1999 73.8 (82.7) (81.5) 81.4 (75.7) 78.5 0.975 149.500 0.00351 0.01922
Kyrgyzstan 1997 81.9 86.3 87.8 85.4 80.7 84.4 1.015 1.200 0.00038 0.01270
Turkey 1993 64.4 72.8 81.6 91.0 85.1 77.9 0.757 20.700 0.05883 0.01135
Turkey 1998 63.9 72.8 79.5 93.6 88.9 78.5 0.719 25.000 0.07418 0.01112
Uzbekistan 1996 95.8 89.1 93.1 84.0 92.7 91.4 1.033 3.100 -0.01856 0.00890
Bolivia 1998 45.1 45.5 48.9 57.8 66.1 50.8 0.682 21.000 0.05464 0.01515
Bolivia 2003 62.2 57.5 61.5 70.6 74.4 64.1 0.837 12.157 0.03436 0.00953
Brazil 1996 77.9 86.8 96.0 91.3 90.2 87.2 0.864 12.300 0.04905 0.00755
Colombia 1995 81.7 87.4 89.6 93.4 96.5 88.6 0.847 14.800 0.03402 0.00653
Colombia 2000 74.2 80.7 85.4 93.1 85.3 82.7 0.870 11.100 0.03659 0.00875
Colombia 2005 70.3 83.9 87.2 89.0 90.8 82.7 0.775 20.460 0.05020 0.00526
Guatemala 1995 77.7 81.4 77.1 82.7 87.1 80.3 0.892 9.400 0.02181 0.00707
Guatemala 1998/99 79.5 82.0 85.2 87.8 91.1 84.4 0.873 11.600 0.02713 0.00763
Haiti 1994/95 40.1 38.8 49.2 53.6 64.7 47.9 0.620 24.600 0.10969 0.02338
Haiti 2000 42.9 49.1 58.4 58.6 63.3 53.9 0.678 20.400 0.08823 0.01530
Nicaragua 1997/98 77.6 86.9 87.8 91.7 90.4 85.7 0.858 12.800 0.04370 0.00631
Nicaragua 2001 76.2 90.8 91.3 85.9 93.8 86.4 0.812 17.600 0.03973 0.00649
Paraguay 1990 48.0 58.3 56.6 64.9 68.7 58.1 0.699 20.700 0.08397 0.01658
Peru 1996 78.1 87.2 86.3 91.9 91.8 85.8 0.851 13.700 0.03665 0.00421
Peru 2000 80.8 82.1 83.4 88.8 92.3 84.4 0.875 11.500 0.02668 0.00476
Egypt 1995 79.9 82.6 91.7 94.3 99.5 89.2 0.803 19.600 0.05802 0.00448
Egypt 2000 95.0 96.1 97.2 97.4 99.0 96.9 0.960 4.000 0.00900 0.00248
Jordan 1997 89.9 89.3 88.8 89.6 92.5 89.9 0.972 2.600 0.01150 0.00512
Morocco 1992 62.4 73.9 87.4 92.9 95.2 79.8 0.655 32.800 0.09253 0.00889
Morocco 2003/04 83.1 87.2 91.3 96.7 97.5 90.5 0.852 14.420 0.03325 0.00542
Yemen 1997 15.7 31.5 40.9 56.3 72.9 42.8 0.215 57.200 0.27655 0.01223
E. SOUTH ASIA 44.3 56.5 62.9 69.3 82.4 61.8 0.537 38.171 0.13786 0.00955
Bangladesh 1996/97 62.4 59.9 74.1 78.5 82.6 70.1 0.755 20.200 0.06773 0.01128
Bangladesh 1999/2000 59.1 67.0 72.6 76.6 85.9 70.8 0.688 26.800 0.07465 0.00956
Bangladesh 2004 59.6 80.2 76.3 80.5 90.5 75.9 0.659 30.884 0.07598 0.00805
India 1992/93 22.8 28.7 42.4 55.5 71.0 42.2 0.321 48.200 0.26043 0.00582
India 1998/99 28.4 38.7 52.2 64.5 81.2 50.7 0.350 52.800 0.23147 0.00482
Nepal 1996 45.4 52.4 55.9 62.0 78.3 56.6 0.580 32.900 0.10104 0.01295
Nepal 2001 61.1 67.5 69.1 79.9 83.2 70.6 0.734 22.100 0.07144 0.00980
Pakistan 1990/91 27.9 39.7 54.1 52.4 74.8 50.2 0.373 46.900 0.17256 0.01553
- 77 -
MEASLES COVERAGE (Cont.)

Benin 1996 48.7 59.8 71.2 70.1 79.9 64.3 0.610 31.200 0.09212 0.01394
Benin 2001 56.9 61.8 65.5 75.7 83.1 68.0 0.685 26.200 0.07985 0.01249
Burkina Faso 1992/93 46.0 61.4 54.4 60.9 75.3 59.6 0.611 29.329 0.10409 0.01367
Burkina Faso 1998/99 33.2 41.7 42.6 47.8 69.3 45.8 0.479 36.100 0.15566 0.01847
Burkina Faso 2003 48.0 54.6 53.9 54.9 70.9 55.8 0.677 22.915 0.06576 0.01170
Cameroon 1991 46.8 43.4 46.0 61.5 77.6 56.0 0.603 30.800 0.14421 0.01882
Cameroon 1998 36.6 36.8 60.8 69.2 78.2 54.2 0.468 41.600 0.17024 0.01874
Cameroon 2004 56.6 59.0 65.9 66.4 86.2 65.4 0.657 29.514 0.08324 0.01418
Chad 1996/97 12.0 18.0 16.4 32.1 38.5 22.8 0.312 26.500 0.27168 0.03001
Chad 2004 8.2 16.3 28.2 23.6 38.1 22.8 0.214 29.946 0.28433 0.03150
Comoros 1996 51.1 55.8 65.5 70.4 86.0 63.4 0.594 34.900 0.10328 0.02067
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 30.8 45.2 51.9 63.8 78.6 53.1 0.392 47.800 0.17170 0.01408
Eritrea 1995 36.6 23.4 50.4 66.2 91.6 51.0 0.400 55.000 0.27326 0.01861
Ethiopia 2000 18.2 15.9 22.4 29.8 52.2 26.6 0.349 34.000 0.28763 0.02384
Gabon 2000 34.1 52.6 57.2 62.9 71.3 54.8 0.478 37.200 0.12012 0.01709
Ghana 1993 47.8 63.7 59.9 64.2 89.2 64.4 0.536 41.400 0.10315 0.01579
Ghana 1998 60.5 60.7 75.5 86.8 87.2 72.6 0.694 26.700 0.07791 0.01258
Ghana 2003 74.0 82.4 86.3 85.1 88.4 82.4 0.837 14.449 0.03992 0.01000
Guinea 1999 33.1 42.8 55.1 59.5 73.0 52.1 0.453 39.900 0.14567 0.01718
Kenya 1993 69.7 88.5 82.6 90.4 89.8 83.8 0.776 20.125 0.03919 0.00783
Kenya 1998 64.3 79.6 84.7 83.8 88.7 79.2 0.725 24.400 0.06319 0.00887
Kenya 2003 54.0 67.9 80.0 80.6 87.6 72.3 0.616 33.609 0.10253 0.00990
Madagascar 1997 32.1 34.4 38.7 60.8 78.9 46.0 0.407 46.800 0.19865 0.01684
Malawi 1992 77.2 84.0 83.8 90.6 93.2 85.9 0.828 16.000 0.03427 0.00814
Malawi 2000 79.8 80.1 83.0 84.7 90.4 83.2 0.883 10.600 0.02433 0.00522
Mali 1995/96 34.2 41.3 48.8 52.3 79.7 50.8 0.429 45.500 0.15636 0.01346
Mali 2001 39.7 39.3 38.3 52.8 76.5 48.7 0.519 36.800 0.13961 0.01334
Mauritania 2000/01 42.0 52.1 64.6 70.6 86.2 62.0 0.487 44.200 0.12075 0.01404
Mozambique 1997 33.0 41.3 45.6 77.3 93.5 57.5 0.353 60.500 0.19802 0.01177
Mozambique 2003 60.7 67.4 78.2 91.3 96.3 76.7 0.630 35.581 0.08809 0.00675
Namibia 1992 69.0 78.1 80.2 72.6 78.8 75.6 0.876 9.800 0.02056 0.01192
Namibia 2000 76.2 76.7 78.3 85.6 85.7 80.4 0.889 9.500 0.03897 0.01070
Niger 1998 23.0 26.2 24.7 36.8 65.8 34.9 0.350 42.800 0.25447 0.01992
Nigeria 1990 34.7 36.4 39.8 51.7 70.2 45.6 0.494 35.500 0.19992 0.01516
Nigeria 2003 15.7 22.8 31.6 41.9 70.7 35.7 0.222 55.006 0.27120 0.02398
Rwanda 2000 83.8 86.4 85.3 88.6 88.8 86.9 0.944 5.000 0.01050 0.00620
South Africa 1998 73.5 83.1 85.8 86.3 84.5 82.2 0.870 11.000 0.04100 0.00891
Tanzania 1996 66.9 79.9 76.4 89.0 94.9 80.9 0.705 28.000 0.05853 0.00792
Tanzania 1999 63.4 84.2 72.2 88.4 89.0 78.1 0.712 25.600 0.06139 0.01166
Tanzania 2004 64.6 78.7 81.1 89.6 90.8 79.7 0.712 26.140 0.05880 0.00709
Togo 1998 34.5 37.1 45.7 40.5 63.2 42.6 0.546 28.700 0.11137 0.01953
Uganda 1995 47.5 53.3 59.6 63.1 77.7 59.6 0.611 30.200 0.10080 0.01196
Uganda 2000/01 49.1 58.0 57.6 57.2 64.5 56.8 0.761 15.400 0.05163 0.01293
Zambia 1996 81.0 85.1 89.3 88.1 91.5 86.5 0.885 10.500 0.02629 0.00642
Zambia 2001 81.2 83.7 83.0 87.4 88.4 84.4 0.919 7.200 0.02199 0.00700
Zimbabwe 1994 84.1 84.5 89.2 84.5 89.8 86.3 0.937 5.700 0.00983 0.00840
Zimbabwe 1999 80.2 77.9 79.2 73.8 85.8 79.1 0.935 5.600 0.00930 0.01164
G. ALL COUNTRIES 57.5 63.9 68.5 72.9 81.8 68.0 0.703 24.308 0.09347 0.01214
- 78 -
DPT COVERAGE

Cambodia 2000 39.0 41.7 47.9 53.8 74.7 48.5 0.522 35.700 0.10362 0.01549
Indonesia 1997 52.4 56.1 67.2 65.8 82.3 64.1 0.637 29.900 0.08812 0.00646
Indonesia 2002/03 41.8 50.9 63.5 65.3 72.3 58.3 0.578 30.502 0.12022 0.00795
Philippines 1998 66.8 80.3 84.2 91.2 92.7 80.9 0.721 25.900 0.07147 0.00690
Philippines 2003 64.0 77.9 84.9 84.9 92.0 78.9 0.696 27.979 0.07602 0.00814
Vietnam 1997 55.2 69.2 64.0 66.5 81.3 65.9 0.679 26.100 0.05875 0.01613
Vietnam 2002 52.8 65.6 78.4 81.4 93.5 72.4 0.565 40.700 0.09271 0.01517
Armenia 2000 89.3 93.0 86.9 95.5 (83.5) 89.7 1.069 172.800 -0.00689 0.01204
Kazakhstan 1995 39.7 33.3 37.9 47.5 (55.7) 41.7 0.713 95.400 0.02333 0.03955
Kazakhstan 1999 89.5 (92.8) (89.1) 87.9 (82.3) 88.7 1.087 171.800 -0.01923 0.01111
Kyrgyzstan 1997 82.3 81.8 80.6 79.5 86.9 82.0 0.947 4.600 -0.01344 0.01260
Turkey 1993 55.9 72.5 82.9 93.1 92.8 77.6 0.602 36.900 0.08862 0.01123
Turkey 1998 45.2 48.0 62.7 64.4 81.4 58.7 0.555 36.200 0.12116 0.01814
Uzbekistan 1996 89.4 92.5 88.3 88.6 81.8 88.7 1.093 7.600 -0.01499 0.01057
Bolivia 1998 36.2 41.8 46.0 63.7 70.0 48.6 0.517 33.800 0.12148 0.01510
Bolivia 2003 63.8 71.0 66.2 80.3 85.4 71.7 0.746 21.666 0.04522 0.00782
Brazil 1996 65.6 83.9 90.4 91.3 81.9 80.8 0.801 16.300 0.07256 0.01010
Colombia 1995 66.3 80.2 75.7 87.5 89.5 78.1 0.741 23.200 0.06582 0.00932
Colombia 2000 72.9 76.8 85.0 87.9 86.6 80.7 0.842 13.700 0.04823 0.01017
Colombia 2005 72.8 80.5 89.5 84.2 90.8 82.3 0.802 17.940 0.04785 0.00565
Guatemala 1995 61.5 63.3 60.2 72.6 74.1 64.9 0.830 12.600 0.04068 0.01029
Guatemala 1998/99 74.3 72.9 79.9 63.9 75.8 73.4 0.980 1.500 0.02957 0.01162
Haiti 1994/95 29.4 29.8 44.3 53.4 56.2 41.4 0.523 26.800 0.14503 0.02700
Haiti 2000 31.1 36.8 48.3 44.9 57.6 42.9 0.540 26.500 0.12950 0.01922
Nicaragua 1997/98 69.2 81.7 85.1 89.5 77.7 79.7 0.891 8.500 0.05448 0.00819
Nicaragua 2001 76.5 86.0 85.2 85.7 82.9 82.7 0.923 6.400 0.03315 0.00743
Paraguay 1990 39.8 48.8 56.1 60.9 68.7 53.0 0.579 28.900 0.12144 0.01761
Peru 1996 68.2 75.7 79.0 85.4 84.7 77.0 0.805 16.500 0.05232 0.00540
Peru 2000 76.2 83.9 87.5 90.4 93.0 84.7 0.819 16.800 0.04218 0.00513
Egypt 1995 70.7 78.1 84.8 90.3 93.7 83.0 0.755 23.000 0.06907 0.00568
Egypt 2000 93.6 94.3 94.3 95.1 92.6 94.0 1.011 1.000 0.00220 0.00361
Jordan 1997 97.6 95.2 96.5 96.8 92.5 95.9 1.055 5.100 0.00892 0.00377
Morocco 1992 57.6 73.5 87.9 94.9 98.6 79.4 0.584 41.000 0.11414 0.00895
Morocco 2003/04 89.0 94.9 96.7 97.1 98.1 94.9 0.907 9.100 0.01898 0.00454
Yemen 1997 14.4 26.2 35.2 55.7 71.1 39.8 0.203 56.700 0.30697 0.01304
E. SOUTH ASIA 48.4 56.2 63.5 72.5 81.3 63.3 0.596 32.868 0.13199 0.01001
Bangladesh 1996/97 60.7 60.8 73.3 76.4 83.2 69.4 0.730 22.500 0.06739 0.01126
Bangladesh 1999/2000 62.1 69.5 73.2 76.6 85.2 72.1 0.729 23.100 0.06434 0.00957
Bangladesh 2004 70.8 81.9 82.4 84.9 91.1 81.2 0.778 20.248 0.05067 0.00716
India 1992/93 30.8 36.4 52.7 65.8 83.2 51.7 0.370 52.400 0.22307 0.00468
India 1998/99 36.3 43.3 58.8 72.3 85.0 57.2 0.427 48.725 0.20140 0.00442
Nepal 1996 40.5 46.5 51.8 61.1 81.6 53.5 0.496 41.100 0.13638 0.01368
Nepal 2001 62.1 68.9 72.3 80.2 85.4 72.1 0.727 23.300 0.07593 0.00972
Pakistan 1990/91 24.4 30.8 40.3 52.6 63.6 42.7 0.384 39.200 0.19995 0.01875
- 79 -
DPT COVERAGE (Cont.)

Benin 1996 46.5 63.5 74.2 72.8 87.9 66.9 0.529 41.400 0.11324 0.01283
Benin 2001 63.0 65.1 71.9 76.9 88.8 72.5 0.709 25.800 0.07327 0.01090
Burkina Faso 1992/93 22.2 36.3 33.5 46.0 66.1 40.6 0.336 43.908 0.23645 0.01939
Burkina Faso 1998/99 28.3 38.4 33.9 44.3 64.9 41.0 0.435 36.641 0.17782 0.02046
Burkina Faso 2003 45.4 50.6 57.5 61.3 73.0 57.0 0.622 27.594 0.09711 0.01111
Cameroon 1991 38.0 33.3 36.0 53.6 71.0 47.4 0.535 33.000 0.17797 0.02269
Cameroon 1998 34.0 34.5 52.1 67.8 74.4 50.5 0.457 40.400 0.19077 0.01918
Cameroon 2004 55.4 62.4 60.9 75.2 86.3 66.4 0.641 30.965 0.08658 0.01427
Chad 1996/97 8.5 13.5 9.6 25.3 43.6 19.5 0.195 35.100 0.39117 0.03473
Chad 2004 4.7 14.2 17.3 22.4 42.3 20.1 0.112 37.576 0.41226 0.03342
Comoros 1996 58.0 60.0 67.3 75.3 92.0 68.3 0.630 34.000 0.09808 0.01853
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 26.0 34.3 40.6 64.1 73.9 46.8 0.352 47.900 0.21685 0.01623
Eritrea 1995 29.6 23.6 45.6 69.8 89.1 48.8 0.332 59.500 0.30131 0.01883
Ethiopia 2000 14.3 11.7 15.0 24.9 42.5 20.7 0.336 28.200 0.35028 0.02997
Gabon 2000 17.8 31.6 44.0 41.5 49.1 36.0 0.363 31.300 0.16065 0.02408
Ghana 1993 43.4 62.1 57.7 67.9 83.3 62.4 0.521 39.900 0.11547 0.01677
Ghana 1998 60.2 66.1 73.8 77.8 92.4 72.2 0.652 32.200 0.07722 0.01310
Ghana 2003 64.3 79.7 85.6 86.0 86.9 79.0 0.740 22.611 0.06447 0.01173
Guinea 1999 29.6 32.3 47.4 55.4 69.3 46.2 0.427 39.700 0.17183 0.01954
Kenya 1993 76.7 86.2 86.4 92.8 93.6 86.8 0.820 16.860 0.03022 0.00684
Kenya 1998 67.4 78.2 85.9 84.0 84.1 79.2 0.801 16.700 0.04177 0.00949
Kenya 2003 56.3 71.0 85.7 81.3 72.7 72.2 0.775 16.360 0.07533 0.01117
Madagascar 1997 32.3 37.7 41.4 65.3 81.1 48.4 0.398 48.800 0.20517 0.01556
Malawi 1992 78.7 87.5 90.7 91.2 93.8 88.6 0.839 15.100 0.02918 0.00711
Malawi 2000 79.4 81.0 81.8 88.0 93.3 84.2 0.851 13.900 na na
Mali 1995/96 17.4 31.2 31.2 42.4 67.3 37.5 0.259 49.900 0.24808 0.01735
Mali 2001 28.1 28.7 28.6 45.7 70.7 39.6 0.397 42.600 0.20956 0.01562
Mauritania 2000/01 18.3 31.3 44.8 48.9 60.6 39.9 0.302 42.300 0.20121 0.02151
Mozambique 1997 32.2 52.9 49.6 78.5 93.8 59.6 0.343 61.600 0.19406 0.01113
Mozambique 2003 52.3 63.7 72.3 86.3 95.8 71.6 0.546 43.466 0.11434 0.00760
Namibia 1992 68.8 72.8 62.6 70.0 73.5 69.5 0.936 4.700 0.01664 0.01427
Namibia 2000/01 75.8 72.9 80.8 84.3 82.7 79.3 0.917 6.900 0.02845 0.01062
Niger 1998 8.9 12.8 12.2 26.1 67.9 25.0 0.131 59.000 0.49555 0.02548
Nigeria 1990 17.5 22.5 27.1 39.5 63.5 32.9 0.276 46.000 0.29876 0.01988
Nigeria 2003 7.1 7.7 13.5 22.3 60.5 21.4 0.117 53.479 0.38716 0.03927
Rwanda 2000 80.0 86.6 84.2 87.8 88.9 86.0 0.900 8.900 0.00398 0.00651
South Africa 1998 63.9 76.0 79.0 84.0 84.8 76.4 0.754 20.900 0.05075 0.01014
Tanzania 1996 74.6 84.6 83.2 91.4 94.3 85.2 0.791 19.700 0.04240 0.00648
Tanzania 1999 66.2 86.1 78.5 91.1 88.7 81.0 0.746 22.500 0.06039 0.01099
Tanzania 2004 33.6 35.2 33.9 36.9 36.5 35.1 0.920 2.904 -0.01763 0.01909
Togo 1998 28.9 34.3 43.9 48.3 67.6 42.0 0.428 38.700 0.16646 0.01923
Uganda 1995 46.8 58.1 59.5 63.2 81.4 61.1 0.575 34.600 0.10725 0.01146
Uganda 2000/01 34.9 45.2 51.4 47.7 55.1 46.1 0.633 20.200 0.09309 0.01613
Zambia 1996 79.8 83.6 86.7 85.2 95.7 85.7 0.834 15.900 0.03124 0.00619
Zambia 2001 73.6 76.7 75.3 90.0 89.1 80.0 0.826 15.500 0.04758 0.00779
Zimbabwe 1994 77.5 83.3 87.4 87.5 90.5 85.2 0.856 13.000 0.02489 0.00914
Zimbabwe 1999 80.7 83.2 78.2 77.9 85.7 80.9 0.942 5.000 0.00819 0.01030
G. ALL COUNTRIES 53.0 58.9 64.0 69.4 77.8 63.7 0.681 24.816 0.11794 0.01388
- 80 -
FULL BASIC COVERAGE

Cambodia 2000 28.6 34.7 38.4 45.4 67.7 39.9 0.422 39.100 0.12895 0.01780
Indonesia 1997 42.9 47.2 56.5 58.0 72.1 54.8 0.595 29.200 0.10419 0.00813
Indonesia 2002/03 37.1 46.6 52.5 58.1 64.7 51.4 0.574 27.594 0.12733 0.00942
Philippines 1998 59.8 72.5 76.3 79.6 86.5 72.8 0.691 26.700 0.07122 0.00870
Philippines 2003 55.5 69.3 77.8 72.4 83.0 69.8 0.669 27.435 0.08139 0.00988
Vietnam 1997 42.2 50.7 48.2 56.3 60.0 50.2 0.703 17.800 0.06484 0.02290
Vietnam 2002 44.3 61.0 70.7 76.3 92.3 66.7 0.480 48.000 0.11756 0.01745
Armenia 2000 66.2 70.6 72.8 81.3 (68.0) 71.4 0.974 134.200 0.02240 0.02188
Kazakhstan 1995 21.3 19.0 21.6 25.6 (34.1) 23.4 0.625 55.400 0.08745 0.06594
Kazakhstan 1999 68.7 (77.4) (79.3) 78.4 (62.3) 73.1 1.103 131.000 0.00800 0.02349
Kyrgyzstan 1997 69.3 64.7 73.4 69.4 73.1 69.7 0.948 3.800 0.00065 0.01898
Turkey 1993 40.7 59.4 66.3 82.9 81.9 64.2 0.497 41.200 0.12651 0.01512
Turkey 1998 27.7 36.9 48.5 54.9 69.7 45.7 0.397 42.000 0.17137 0.02292
Uzbekistan 1996 80.9 76.8 79.4 77.2 77.5 78.7 1.044 3.400 -0.01238 0.01428
Bolivia 1998 21.8 24.9 21.0 33.4 30.6 25.5 0.712 8.800 0.06075 0.02720
Bolivia 2003 47.5 49.4 43.8 59.2 57.9 50.6 0.821 10.352 0.04122 0.01310
Brazil 1996 56.6 74.0 84.9 83.1 73.8 72.5 0.767 17.200 0.09321 0.01226
Colombia 1995 57.7 69.7 68.8 75.2 77.3 68.3 0.746 19.600 0.06769 0.01248
Colombia 2000 50.0 59.7 69.7 72.8 65.4 62.2 0.765 15.400 0.07834 0.01473
Colombia 2005 48.2 56.0 66.8 61.8 73.5 59.3 0.655 25.361 0.06297 0.00928
Guatemala 1995 48.6 47.0 44.8 46.9 45.5 46.8 1.068 3.100 0.01059 0.01531
Guatemala 1998/99 66.3 66.3 67.7 58.4 56.0 63.8 1.184 10.300 0.00828 0.01435
Haiti 1994/95 18.8 20.1 35.3 37.9 44.1 30.2 0.426 25.300 0.17949 0.03620
Haiti 2000 25.4 30.3 41.1 31.7 42.3 33.5 0.600 16.900 0.11565 0.02437
Nicaragua 1997/98 61.0 74.6 75.3 85.7 73.1 72.6 0.834 12.100 0.07360 0.00936
Nicaragua 2001 63.6 77.2 78.0 71.4 71.0 71.6 0.896 7.400 0.04391 0.00996
Paraguay 1990 20.2 30.8 36.4 40.7 53.0 34.2 0.381 32.800 0.20225 0.02674
Peru 1996 55.3 63.8 63.5 71.7 66.0 63.0 0.838 10.700 0.05449 0.00764
Peru 2000 57.9 62.5 68.1 72.4 81.1 66.3 0.714 23.200 0.07663 0.00822
Egypt 1995 65.1 72.8 81.0 86.6 92.5 79.1 0.704 27.400 0.08189 0.00640
Egypt 2000 91.2 91.9 91.8 94.0 92.0 92.2 0.991 0.800 0.00515 0.00398
Jordan 1997 21.3 21.9 20.2 20.9 17.1 20.5 1.246 4.200 0.02759 0.03376
Morocco 1992 53.7 69.1 83.8 92.9 95.2 75.7 0.564 41.500 0.12240 0.00948
Morocco 2003/04 80.7 85.7 90.6 95.6 97.3 89.3 0.829 16.689 0.03556 0.00625
Yemen 1997 7.8 18.0 22.8 40.1 55.7 28.3 0.140 47.900 0.36167 0.01811
E. SOUTH ASIA 38.9 48.3 52.5 61.7 71.7 53.3 0.542 32.829 0.15835 0.01231
Bangladesh 1996/97 47.4 43.8 60.8 58.8 66.6 54.2 0.712 19.200 0.07616 0.01632
Bangladesh 1999/2000 50.3 55.0 60.8 68.1 74.9 60.4 0.672 24.600 0.08515 0.01187
Bangladesh 2004 57.5 77.0 74.1 78.7 86.7 73.3 0.663 29.217 0.07957 0.00856
India 1992/93 17.1 21.7 34.7 48.2 65.0 35.4 0.263 47.900 0.30612 0.00685
India 1998/99 21.3 28.2 41.0 52.2 63.8 39.4 0.334 42.500 0.25456 0.00635
Nepal 1996 32.4 34.6 40.8 51.0 71.1 43.3 0.456 38.700 0.15944 0.01692
Nepal 2001 54.2 62.4 64.5 74.7 81.6 65.6 0.664 27.400 0.09290 0.01107
Pakistan 1990/91 22.5 25.6 30.2 41.1 54.7 35.1 0.411 32.200 0.20638 0.02326
- 81 -
FULL BASIC COVERAGE (Cont.)

Benin 1996 37.8 53.4 62.7 59.2 73.6 55.6 0.514 35.800 0.11361 0.01709
Benin 2001 52.6 57.2 59.9 67.9 79.5 62.8 0.662 26.895 0.08786 0.01424
Burkina Faso 1992/93 17.2 32.2 27.7 38.5 58.4 34.6 0.294 41.200 0.26457 0.02263
Burkina Faso 1998/99 21.4 24.3 21.7 32.1 52.1 29.3 0.411 30.700 0.21374 0.02776
Burkina Faso 2003 33.4 41.1 41.5 45.9 61.4 43.9 0.544 27.991 0.10289 0.01512
Cameroon 1991 27.4 27.3 29.9 46.5 63.5 40.0 0.431 36.100 0.22229 0.02790
Cameroon 1998 23.5 24.0 37.5 45.6 56.9 35.8 0.413 33.400 0.20711 0.02794
Cameroon 2004 39.4 45.5 46.9 51.7 66.3 48.6 0.594 26.903 0.10303 0.02073
Chad 1996/97 4.0 8.5 5.7 17.1 23.0 11.3 0.174 19.000 0.39042 0.04661
Chad 2004 1.1 7.1 12.4 12.4 23.6 11.3 0.045 22.520 0.39444 0.04793
Comoros 1996 39.8 49.5 52.7 60.5 82.0 54.5 0.485 42.200 0.12586 0.02419
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 15.7 27.1 32.7 52.6 64.2 37.4 0.245 48.500 0.26026 0.01992
Eritrea 1995 25.0 15.5 44.0 53.4 83.8 41.4 0.298 58.800 0.33564 0.02316
Ethiopia 2000 7.0 8.8 9.1 17.1 33.5 14.3 0.209 26.500 0.43044 0.03967
Gabon 2000 5.5 9.4 18.3 19.6 23.5 14.6 0.234 18.000 0.21052 0.04215
Ghana 1993 37.5 56.5 48.2 56.0 79.2 54.8 0.473 41.700 0.12643 0.01882
Ghana 1998 49.6 54.0 63.3 72.7 79.3 62.0 0.625 29.700 0.08675 0.01589
Ghana 2003 53.0 70.3 73.1 73.9 78.3 68.3 0.676 25.365 0.07548 0.01373
Guinea 1999 17.2 22.5 32.9 39.5 51.8 32.2 0.332 34.600 0.20721 0.02640
Kenya 1993 64.8 78.0 77.1 86.7 86.4 78.2 0.750 21.586 0.04870 0.00899
Kenya 1998 48.1 57.6 71.0 64.6 59.9 59.5 0.803 11.800 0.05775 0.01475
Kenya 2003 37.8 50.2 62.3 56.6 59.5 52.1 0.636 21.677 0.11143 0.01592
Madagascar 1997 22.0 25.2 27.1 54.7 66.0 36.2 0.333 44.000 0.24615 0.02049
Malawi 1992 73.0 78.8 80.3 87.1 89.3 81.8 0.817 16.300 0.03914 0.00920
Malawi 2000 65.4 65.0 69.1 72.5 81.4 70.1 0.803 16.000 0.04734 0.00800
Mali 1995/96 15.8 26.2 26.9 34.6 55.6 31.5 0.284 39.800 0.23803 0.02032
Mali 2001 19.5 20.2 18.7 31.9 56.0 28.7 0.348 36.500 0.22501 0.02101
Mauritania 2000/01 15.6 26.1 36.8 38.3 45.3 31.9 0.344 29.700 0.17006 0.02680
Mozambique 1997 19.7 30.8 35.6 69.5 85.3 47.3 0.231 65.600 0.25068 0.01489
Mozambique 2003 45.0 53.5 61.5 79.3 90.5 63.4 0.497 45.499 0.13988 0.00882
Namibia 1992 53.9 58.6 57.2 56.9 63.1 57.8 0.854 9.200 0.03640 0.01728
Namibia 2000 59.5 58.7 64.7 73.0 68.2 64.8 0.872 8.700 0.05431 0.01533
Niger 1998 4.6 9.7 9.0 19.8 50.9 18.4 0.090 46.300 0.53079 0.03308
Nigeria 1990 13.9 19.7 23.4 35.3 58.1 29.0 0.239 44.200 0.32663 0.02196
Nigeria 2003 3.4 3.9 9.0 10.9 40.2 13.0 0.084 36.789 0.42556 0.05472
Rwanda 2000 71.3 73.8 74.9 79.0 78.8 76.0 0.905 7.500 0.00951 0.00896
South Africa 1998 51.3 61.1 69.1 70.4 70.2 63.4 0.731 18.900 0.06158 0.01349
Tanzania 1996 57.3 68.8 66.9 79.3 82.5 70.5 0.695 25.200 0.06136 0.01068
Tanzania 1999 53.1 74.3 61.7 80.8 78.4 68.3 0.677 25.300 0.07866 0.01479
Tanzania 2004 26.6 30.3 29.6 31.7 29.3 29.4 0.909 2.678 -0.00493 0.02131
Togo 1998 22.2 26.0 32.2 30.3 52.0 30.8 0.427 29.800 0.16123 0.02578
Uganda 1995 34.2 46.0 49.3 47.0 63.1 47.4 0.542 28.900 0.10846 0.01519
Uganda 2000/01 26.5 38.0 39.6 39.5 42.6 36.7 0.622 16.100 0.08982 0.01904
Zambia 1996 71.3 77.3 80.0 79.8 86.4 78.3 0.825 15.100 0.03661 0.00853
Zambia 2001 63.9 65.7 66.2 78.8 80.0 70.0 0.799 16.100 0.05593 0.01066
Zimbabwe 1994 71.8 77.8 84.6 81.4 85.7 80.1 0.838 13.900 0.03061 0.01098
Zimbabwe 1999 63.9 69.2 67.9 56.6 64.1 64.0 0.997 0.200 -0.00927 0.01670
G. ALL COUNTRIES 40.7 46.8 51.5 55.9 64.0 50.9 0.637 23.239 0.13642 0.01917
- 82 -
NO BASIC COVERAGE

Cambodia 2000 28.2 28.7 20.1 16.1 7.6 21.9 3.711 20.600 -0.17111 0.03120
Indonesia 1997 11.6 7.2 3.4 3.8 0.9 5.6 12.889 10.700 -0.36833 0.03901
Indonesia 2002/03 20.0 13.5 6.2 7.3 1.8 10.1 10.890 18.146 -0.36089 0.02961
Philippines 1998 16.4 8.7 3.6 2.4 1.0 7.7 16.400 15.400 -0.48301 0.05355
Philippines 2003 15.1 5.9 5.0 3.9 2.2 7.3 6.760 12.879 -0.42232 0.06462
Vietnam 1997 7.3 5.3 0.8 0.8 0.4 3.5 18.250 6.900 -0.49583 0.14163
Vietnam 2002 13.9 3.2 1.3 1.9 0.0 4.7 - 13.900 -0.52844 0.14841
Armenia 2000 7.3 1.4 6.1 4.5 (9.0) 5.7 0.811 16.300 0.08606 0.15813
Kazakhstan 1999 8.8 (7.2) (10.9) 11.2 (9.8) 9.5 0.898 18.600 0.11402 0.09309
Kyrgyzstan 1997 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 - 0.000 -0.99282 1.00200
Turkey 1993 7.7 2.8 1.5 1.0 1.0 3.1 7.700 6.700 -0.33789 0.12584
Turkey 1998 8.6 5.1 1.5 1.2 0.0 3.6 - 8.600 -0.56115 0.12714
Bolivia 1998 15.5 12.3 6.6 2.4 0.0 8.6 - 15.500 -0.34070 0.04694
Bolivia 2003 4.0 4.7 3.4 1.2 0.2 3.0 20.310 3.781 -0.19357 0.06343
Brazil 1996 6.4 2.6 0.4 1.3 3.0 3.1 2.133 3.400 -0.45241 0.12937
Colombia 1995 3.5 2.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 1.5 - 3.500 -0.59411 0.17431
Colombia 2000 1.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.9 - 1.800 -0.37437 0.21943
Colombia 2005 2.2 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.7 40.705 2.148 -0.77279 0.21159
Guatemala 1995 9.3 7.7 9.7 4.0 2.4 7.4 3.875 6.900 -0.18319 0.05262
Guatemala 1998/99 8.7 2.9 2.8 1.1 0.0 3.6 - 8.700 -0.36987 0.11521
Haiti 1994/95 31.3 29.2 18.1 9.1 4.2 19.6 7.452 27.100 -0.29536 0.04186
Haiti 2000 25.8 24.5 13.7 8.7 7.4 16.7 3.507 18.432 -0.23478 0.03309
Nicaragua 1997/98 5.5 1.7 0.3 0.0 2.8 2.3 1.964 2.700 -0.48950 0.12395
Nicaragua 2001 4.3 2.2 0.6 1.0 1.3 2.2 3.308 3.000 -0.39739 0.11455
Paraguay 1990 15.3 13.9 5.7 2.6 3.6 9.1 4.250 11.700 -0.39747 0.06602
Peru 1996 5.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.8 54.000 5.300 -0.54973 0.08636
Peru 2000 4.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.8 21.000 4.000 -0.38152 0.09777
Egypt 1995 5.5 4.0 0.6 1.7 0.3 2.5 18.333 5.200 -0.74341 0.10396
Egypt 2000 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 - 0.800 -0.72124 0.38891
Jordan 1997 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 - 0.700 -0.30536 0.11610
Morocco 1992 17.3 4.3 2.5 0.6 0.7 6.2 24.714 16.600 -0.57514 0.08182
Morocco 2003/04 2.8 1.9 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.4 3.982 2.099 -0.29952 0.16396
Yemen 1997 16.6 15.0 12.0 11.8 4.8 12.2 3.458 11.800 -0.17854 0.03329
E. SOUTH ASIA 20.1 15.1 11.1 8.1 2.9 11.6 6.880 17.185 -0.20326 0.07126
Bangladesh 1996/97 17.9 14.5 12.4 5.4 4.9 11.9 3.653 13.000 -0.22859 0.04699
Bangladesh 1999/2000 14.2 8.1 6.2 6.0 2.5 8.0 5.680 11.700 -0.25586 0.05410
Bangladesh 2004 5.7 2.1 1.9 3.9 0.6 3.0 9.703 5.141 -0.26853 0.09325
India 1992/93 48.4 40.8 27.5 18.0 7.9 30.0 6.127 40.500 -0.28756 0.00723
India 1998/99 25.4 20.3 12.2 6.9 2.2 14.4 11.545 23.200 -0.38695 0.01423
Nepal 1996 33.0 20.6 15.7 17.2 5.8 20.2 5.690 27.200 -0.23062 0.03020
Nepal 2001 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.8 0.7 0.9 1.000 0.000 0.12576 0.15059
Pakistan 1990/91 48.6 37.4 29.9 19.8 8.2 28.2 5.927 40.400 -0.28331 0.02695
- 83 -
NO BASIC COVERAGE (Cont.)

Benin 1996 27.8 16.9 6.7 6.3 4.3 13.6 6.465 23.500 -0.38171 0.04972
Benin 2001 18.1 10.5 6.4 1.7 2.5 8.1 7.200 15.592 -0.42193 0.06975
Burkina Faso 1992/93 20.6 14.0 17.3 10.9 2.1 13.1 9.835 18.504 -0.27743 0.04330
Burkina Faso 1998/99 17.1 16.5 11.7 10.9 2.2 12.3 7.773 14.900 -0.24833 0.04254
Burkina Faso 2003 10.7 12.3 12.1 4.6 4.4 9.2 2.452 6.324 -0.20131 0.03709
Cameroon 1991 30.7 35.6 24.9 15.5 4.7 21.6 6.532 26.000 -0.29185 0.03905
Cameroon 1998 23.7 20.7 7.4 2.9 3.9 12.8 6.077 19.800 -0.38268 0.05415
Cameroon 2004 8.1 5.7 6.0 2.6 0.6 5.0 13.063 7.479 -0.31957 0.09279
Chad 1996/97 65.4 50.8 48.9 33.0 18.7 44.5 3.497 46.700 -0.21415 0.01631
Chad 2004 29.9 20.4 18.0 18.7 13.0 19.9 2.298 16.897 -0.14907 0.03354
Comoros 1996 13.6 14.7 5.5 0.0 2.0 8.1 6.800 11.600 -0.41173 0.08778
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 35.8 22.6 17.2 6.4 1.4 17.3 25.571 34.400 -0.40579 0.03447
Eritrea 1995 50.1 65.4 42.0 18.9 1.3 37.7 38.538 48.800 -0.33792 0.02566
Ethiopia 2000 19.4 21.1 17.0 18.6 5.5 16.8 3.527 13.900 -0.19432 0.02683
Gabon 2000 10.1 2.1 2.4 1.5 4.6 4.1 2.196 5.500 -0.32572 0.10656
Ghana 1993 30.9 16.9 10.2 13.4 3.3 15.2 9.364 27.600 -0.30878 0.05574
Ghana 1998 12.9 9.2 4.2 4.7 1.1 7.1 11.727 11.800 -0.24192 0.07160
Ghana 2003 7.4 6.5 3.1 2.5 4.6 5.2 1.617 2.843 -0.17390 0.10043
Guinea 1999 38.5 29.0 18.0 11.4 2.8 20.5 13.750 35.700 -0.35297 0.03368
Kenya 1993 6.2 3.7 4.3 0.9 0.9 3.3 6.666 5.230 -0.28725 0.08700
Kenya 1998 4.8 3.0 1.1 2.6 1.0 2.7 4.800 3.800 -0.27910 0.10790
Kenya 2003 19.7 5.3 4.1 1.1 3.1 7.6 6.450 16.673 -0.53213 0.07367
Madagascar 1997 29.5 26.2 24.5 8.4 3.6 20.1 8.194 25.900 -0.29635 0.03104
Malawi 1992 6.6 3.7 1.1 1.0 0.7 2.5 9.429 5.900 -0.36218 0.13984
Malawi 2000 3.0 4.2 2.9 2.5 0.9 2.8 3.333 2.100 -0.16387 0.06477
Mali 1995/96 42.5 29.3 22.8 14.5 4.9 22.8 8.673 37.600 -0.30482 0.02479
Mali 2001 29.4 25.8 27.7 17.6 6.1 21.7 4.820 23.300 -0.19243 0.02261
Mauritania 2000/01 26.3 15.0 12.4 14.8 5.1 15.0 5.157 21.200 -0.19665 0.04863
Mozambique 1997 36.1 26.9 26.1 5.2 1.2 19.7 30.083 34.900 -0.34698 0.03003
Mozambique 2003 20.0 8.5 7.2 2.1 0.2 8.8 113.021 19.794 -0.38923 0.04354
Namibia 1992 6.3 4.1 3.1 4.6 6.0 4.8 1.050 0.300 -0.05361 0.09770
Namibia 2000 6.4 8.2 6.4 2.9 1.8 5.2 3.556 4.600 -0.09711 0.07972
Niger 1998 57.1 44.5 53.8 36.6 7.9 40.0 7.228 49.200 -0.23374 0.01548
Nigeria 1990 45.3 49.4 35.4 30.5 12.8 35.9 3.539 32.500 -0.23367 0.01891
Nigeria 2003 37.0 34.5 31.9 22.3 4.4 26.6 8.502 32.661 -0.21465 0.03012
Rwanda 2000 2.2 2.0 0.9 2.5 0.8 1.7 2.750 1.400 0.03654 0.12754
South Africa 1998 2.3 1.7 3.3 2.2 1.4 2.2 1.643 0.900 -0.08911 0.12277
Tanzania 1996 6.9 3.6 4.3 0.6 0.4 3.3 17.250 6.500 -0.46841 0.09581
Tanzania 1999 9.1 2.6 8.1 4.4 0.1 5.3 91.000 9.000 -0.19653 0.08154
Tanzania 2004 7.7 5.1 3.8 2.3 2.4 4.5 3.198 5.279 -0.23091 0.06563
Togo 1998 27.9 16.4 15.7 11.4 2.3 16.3 12.130 25.600 -0.26565 0.03679
Uganda 1995 17.9 19.8 13.8 13.1 6.1 14.4 2.934 11.800 -0.21098 0.03350
Uganda 2000/01 15.3 11.8 14.2 12.7 11.0 13.1 1.391 4.300 -0.06717 0.03819
Zambia 1996 3.9 1.7 2.8 0.3 0.0 1.9 - 3.900 -0.39175 0.10871
Zambia 2001 3.3 4.1 3.5 0.7 5.6 3.4 0.589 2.300 -0.03158 0.08791
Zimbabwe 1994 3.7 6.6 4.8 1.7 4.5 4.1 0.822 0.800 -0.01553 0.09772
Zimbabwe 1999 9.5 11.3 15.5 13.4 7.7 11.6 1.234 1.800 -0.01206 0.05328
G. ALL COUNTRIES 15.8 12.1 9.9 6.9 3.5 10.0 4.529 12.323 -0.29079 0.09905
- 84 -
HEPATITIS B COVERAGE

Indonesia 2002/03 29.9 39.7 46.9 50.6 62.2 45.3 0.481 32.254 0.16590 0.01048
Philippines 1998 48.1 51.0 51.3 66.7 67.5 55.1 0.713 19.400 0.07372 0.01297
Philippines 2003 30.6 43.7 51.9 49.5 60.5 45.3 0.506 29.849 0.13964 0.01582

Armenia 2000 7.5 3.7 0.0 4.9 (2.4) 4.0 3.125 9.900 -0.16028 0.13930

Colombia 2000 67.9 75.4 80.5 92.8 84.5 78.7 0.804 16.600 0.05733 0.01038
Colombia 2005 67.7 71.4 82.0 72.3 84.2 74.4 0.804 16.497 0.03797 0.00679
Nicaragua 2001 1.4 0.4 1.3 2.0 8.4 2.3 0.167 7.000 0.28773 0.11955

Egypt 1995 47.5 53.2 53.9 63.2 69.9 57.0 0.680 22.400 0.09842 0.01011
Jordan 1997 56.2 56.0 53.0 55.9 50.6 54.6 1.111 5.600 na na
- 85 -
HEPATITIS B COVERAGE (Cont.)

Mali 1995/96 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 na na
Mali 2001 na na na na na na na na na na
South Africa 1998 62.7 74.4 76.5 81.7 80.0 74.2 0.784 17.300 0.05157 0.01076
- 86 -
YELLOW FEVER COVERAGE



Colombia 2005 52.4 63.4 59.5 64.6 53.1 58.8 0.987 0.675 0.02625 0.00932

- 87 -
YELLOW FEVER COVERAGE (Cont.)

Burkina Faso 1998/99 23.1 31.6 30.8 37.6 59.7 35.4 0.387 36.600 0.20137 0.02440
Cameroon 1991 2.5 2.6 1.1 0.9 4.3 2.3 0.581 1.800 0.16107 0.18005
Cameroon 1998 3.7 0.6 8.6 8.3 9.9 5.9 0.374 6.200 0.27786 0.08866
Chad 1996/97 12.0 18.9 20.0 33.8 42.8 24.7 0.280 30.800 0.29522 0.02834
Gabon 2000 15.3 24.0 24.9 23.8 34.1 24.0 0.449 18.800 0.10252 0.03328
Ghana 1998 49.1 47.0 64.7 68.0 75.6 59.6 0.649 26.500 0.09287 0.01705
Guinea 1999 4.2 6.7 8.2 10.9 10.1 7.9 0.416 5.900 0.16577 0.06506
Mali 1995/96 0.5 1.3 3.1 8.0 27.1 7.6 0.018 26.600 0.61362 0.06038
Niger 1998 2.9 6.0 5.6 8.9 19.8 8.5 0.146 16.900 0.43667 0.05557
- 88 -
MEDICAL TREATMENT OF FEVER

Cambodia 2000 29.0 29.6 34.6 36.4 46.2 34.1 0.628 17.200 0.09798 0.01572
Indonesia 1997 51.5 59.4 65.2 71.1 76.2 63.8 0.676 24.700 0.06242 0.00625
Indonesia 2002/03 39.1 52.5 63.1 66.4 70.9 57.2 0.551 31.805 0.13451 0.00717
Philippines 1998 32.4 37.6 44.6 51.6 41.7 40.3 0.777 9.300 0.07402 0.01652
Philippines 2003 44.9 42.0 50.0 45.3 55.4 46.3 0.810 10.540 0.04722 0.01636
Vietnam 1997 37.5 50.0 39.9 37.1 48.8 42.2 0.768 11.300 0.03044 0.03384
Vietnam 2002 44.8 55.9 40.1 42.4 65.7 48.6 0.682 20.900 -0.01985 0.03001
B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na 26.7 na na 27.3 na na 0.15823 0.09401

Armenia 2000 16.9 20.3 (32.5) 26.6 (36.4) 25.7 0.464 53.300 0.10464 0.06275
Kazakhstan 1995 * * * (23.3) * 23.8 - - 0.07437 0.10885
Kazakhstan 1999 (22.9) * (20.6) (18.8) * 20.8 - - -0.04845 0.09392
Kyrgyzstan 1997 (15.2) * * * * 23.6 - - 0.01787 0.08612
Turkey 1993 22.5 40.7 44.5 45.2 43.7 37.3 0.515 21.200 0.11282 0.02435
Turkmenistan 2000 * * (38.6) * (55.3) 53.9 - - na na
Uzbekistan 1996 * * (15.2) * (41.8) 12.6 - - 0.55885 0.13323
Bolivia 1998 21.8 27.5 29.3 44.2 52.1 32.0 0.418 30.300 0.15630 0.01860
Bolivia 2003 40.9 49.9 45.2 49.8 52.8 46.8 0.775 11.864 0.03672 0.01241
Brazil 1996 21.9 35.9 37.3 44.7 50.5 34.5 0.434 28.600 0.16691 0.02171
Colombia 1995 22.6 29.5 31.8 35.3 54.2 32.3 0.417 31.600 0.14170 0.02313
Colombia 2000 31.2 40.1 48.7 55.1 59.1 45.4 0.528 27.900 0.13559 0.01799
Colombia 2005 41.3 47.2 44.9 40.4 34.9 42.6 1.184 6.420 0.00081 0.01251
Guatemala 1995 17.0 20.9 35.9 37.7 53.8 28.7 0.316 36.800 0.16939 0.01818
Guatemala 1998/99 16.4 28.7 27.6 32.2 40.4 26.9 0.406 24.000 0.12507 0.02677
Haiti 1994/95 16.3 22.1 23.8 33.4 35.3 24.3 0.462 19.000 0.15704 0.02878
Haiti 2000 32.1 35.2 44.5 43.7 57.6 40.2 0.557 25.500 0.11484 0.01430
Nicaragua 1997/98 37.4 48.1 50.6 52.3 54.2 46.6 0.690 16.800 0.08853 0.01541
Nicaragua 2001 49.2 65.8 68.7 59.5 72.7 61.5 0.677 23.500 0.07745 0.01249
Paraguay 1990 25.4 33.8 56.3 65.8 82.4 46.1 0.308 57.000 0.23888 0.01628
Peru 1996 24.7 34.3 35.0 42.2 38.4 32.7 0.643 13.700 0.09560 0.01172
Peru 2000 47.3 48.3 55.6 65.2 76.8 54.0 0.616 29.500 0.07590 0.00937
Egypt 1995 33.8 42.8 48.3 55.3 61.6 47.6 0.549 27.800 0.10761 0.00888
Egypt 2000 29.8 35.4 35.3 36.9 39.8 35.1 0.749 10.000 0.07701 0.01728
Jordan 1997 36.1 32.1 31.6 38.6 37.7 34.9 0.958 1.600 -0.00434 0.01005
Morocco 1992 9.3 11.5 16.8 26.5 34.9 18.0 0.266 25.600 0.27704 0.03618
Morocco 2003/04 18.7 33.4 31.6 42.9 50.8 34.3 0.367 32.177 0.14863 0.01841
Yemen 1997 13.9 16.5 19.2 26.8 31.3 20.5 0.444 17.400 0.18591 0.01851
E. SOUTH ASIA 28.4 36.7 39.5 44.0 53.0 39.4 0.535 24.681 0.15323 0.01608
Bangladesh 1996/97 15.0 17.9 15.1 23.0 26.1 18.9 0.575 11.100 0.11759 0.02938
Bangladesh 1999/2000 17.0 18.7 21.3 26.2 44.1 23.8 0.385 27.100 0.19970 0.02227
Bangladesh 2004 8.9 12.4 17.4 21.2 39.1 18.0 0.227 30.224 0.31367 0.02579
India 1992/93 57.9 61.1 69.0 79.9 81.1 68.5 0.714 23.200 0.08173 0.00415
India 1998/99 40.5 46.9 55.1 55.7 56.8 50.2 0.713 16.300 0.07852 0.00600
Nepal 1996 9.9 12.5 14.4 19.2 22.3 14.9 0.444 12.400 0.20143 0.03547
Nepal 2001 18.8 22.5 27.8 28.0 32.7 25.0 0.575 13.900 0.10998 0.02216
Pakistan 1990/91 45.3 65.0 57.9 71.1 83.6 64.6 0.542 38.300 0.11075 0.01035
- 89 -
MEDICAL TREATMENT OF FEVER (Cont.)

Benin 1996 9.6 12.0 11.0 11.6 24.7 12.6 0.389 15.100 0.12569 0.04284
Benin 2001 24.2 29.8 31.4 37.7 43.2 31.8 0.560 19.000 0.10887 0.01984
Burkina Faso 1992/93 13.7 14.7 21.4 19.8 29.4 19.3 0.468 15.625 0.19272 0.02781
Burkina Faso 1998/99 8.9 8.8 14.7 11.8 31.8 14.0 0.280 22.900 0.29244 0.03655
Burkina Faso 2003 23.5 24.2 33.9 35.0 57.1 33.0 0.412 33.545 0.17049 0.01437
Cameroon 1991 25.3 30.5 38.8 49.1 53.3 40.8 0.475 28.000 0.13801 0.02536
Cameroon 1998 12.6 14.0 16.0 30.5 32.3 20.2 0.390 19.700 0.23316 0.04773
Cameroon 2004 32.5 34.6 41.5 45.7 52.6 41.0 0.618 20.089 0.09714 0.01802
Chad 1996/97 1.7 6.2 6.8 10.4 15.7 8.2 0.108 14.000 0.35413 0.04309
Chad 2004 7.6 16.8 21.7 20.8 39.0 21.5 0.195 31.434 0.27000 0.02283
Comoros 1996 26.4 28.7 30.6 28.2 39.0 30.0 0.677 12.600 0.05541 0.04113
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 19.2 30.3 33.9 44.9 56.6 34.7 0.339 37.400 0.20100 0.01951
Eritrea 1995 16.5 15.7 20.1 38.1 37.0 22.9 0.446 20.500 0.20911 0.03398
Ethiopia 2000 13.6 13.8 14.9 12.7 41.3 18.0 0.329 27.700 0.32854 0.02642
Gabon 2000 38.6 51.3 48.6 60.9 61.7 51.7 0.626 23.100 0.07972 0.01652
Ghana 1993 36.4 40.6 47.6 58.7 64.3 47.3 0.566 27.900 0.11975 0.02566
Ghana 1998 33.2 36.4 42.5 50.7 57.0 41.6 0.582 23.800 0.09948 0.02363
Ghana 2003 41.4 33.5 42.5 54.3 70.1 46.8 0.590 28.729 0.10336 0.02331
Guinea 1999 15.5 10.8 17.2 27.2 35.0 20.4 0.443 19.500 0.21000 0.02550
Kenya 1993 37.8 47.3 42.1 55.1 58.4 47.3 0.647 20.600 0.10816 0.01244
Kenya 1998 54.8 60.8 61.7 62.3 73.3 61.7 0.748 18.500 0.06360 0.01256
Kenya 2003 41.6 42.2 45.8 49.5 54.6 46.3 0.761 13.032 0.06879 0.01350
Madagascar 1997 23.7 24.4 23.8 25.9 34.8 25.6 0.681 11.100 0.04198 0.03093
Malawi 1992 49.0 47.6 46.7 48.8 64.2 50.7 0.763 15.200 0.05739 0.01413
Malawi 2000 10.3 10.7 12.1 13.0 18.7 12.4 0.551 8.400 0.11559 0.02525
Mali 1995/96 7.6 8.3 14.7 15.3 36.0 14.9 0.213 28.336 0.33170 0.03356
Mali 2001 18.4 18.9 25.4 29.2 61.1 28.9 0.301 42.700 0.26487 0.01665
Mozambique 1997 12.4 19.6 18.7 22.8 36.9 21.1 0.336 24.500 0.20116 0.03114
Mozambique 2003 41.4 42.7 49.6 62.9 68.1 51.4 0.607 26.735 0.09256 0.01039
Namibia 1992 62.2 65.7 63.3 62.4 71.3 64.9 0.872 9.100 0.00748 0.01217
Namibia 2000 49.0 57.7 53.1 49.8 65.5 54.3 0.748 16.500 0.03917 0.01903
Niger 1998 7.2 5.0 7.2 10.7 22.0 9.4 0.327 14.800 0.33111 0.04607
Nigeria 1990 21.8 25.1 31.7 37.6 56.1 32.4 0.389 34.300 0.18725 0.01713
Nigeria 2003 20.3 21.0 31.8 45.5 54.4 32.1 0.373 34.119 0.19968 0.02164
Rwanda 2000 14.3 12.6 19.3 22.7 26.5 18.9 0.540 12.200 0.17510 0.02505
Tanzania 1996 32.2 40.0 39.7 41.6 45.3 39.4 0.711 13.100 0.06070 0.01640
Tanzania 2004 51.0 59.5 53.4 54.2 76.3 57.6 0.668 25.305 0.06823 0.01171
Togo 1998 10.7 10.3 11.6 23.3 30.0 15.5 0.357 19.300 0.18088 0.03679
Uganda 1995 33.4 41.1 39.8 45.5 44.4 40.2 0.752 11.000 0.04939 0.01469
Uganda 2000/01 56.4 67.6 66.6 70.8 80.1 67.1 0.704 23.700 0.06144 0.00772
Zambia 1996 64.3 69.0 67.8 71.8 78.8 69.5 0.816 14.500 0.03717 0.00795
Zambia 2001 60.5 65.0 64.9 69.1 68.5 64.8 0.883 8.000 0.02787 0.00879
Zimbabwe 1994 35.6 35.3 32.6 41.5 51.8 38.8 0.687 16.200 0.07134 0.02626
Zimbabwe 1999 47.9 50.8 41.9 41.8 50.0 46.2 0.958 2.100 -0.01449 0.02304
G. ALL COUNTRIES 29.8 34.8 37.1 41.6 51.2 37.2 0.583 21.364 0.12617 0.02540
- 90 -
TREATMENT OF FEVER IN A PUBLIC FACILITY

Cambodia 2000 10.8 11.4 10.5 11.2 18.1 12.0 0.597 7.300 0.05846 0.03010
Indonesia 1997 30.4 33.6 34.1 27.8 20.0 29.6 1.520 10.400 -0.08718 0.01322
Indonesia 2002/03 32.0 40.6 38.9 32.5 22.8 34.1 1.407 9.253 0.00896 0.01240
Philippines 1998 25.6 26.9 21.9 15.5 5.4 21.5 4.741 20.200 -0.12442 0.02339
Philippines 2003 38.7 34.3 37.6 16.3 11.6 31.1 3.336 27.090 -0.13486 0.02139
Vietnam 1997 19.6 35.2 20.3 25.7 26.8 25.2 0.731 7.200 0.00981 0.04561
Vietnam 2002 30.6 26.6 20.1 15.9 19.3 23.6 1.585 11.300 -0.11381 0.05071
B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na 26.1 na na 26.7 na na 0.15664 0.10043

Armenia 2000 15.2 20.3 (29.8) 22.4 (36.4) 23.9 0.418 51.600 0.09492 0.06846
Kazakhstan 1995 * * * (23.3) * 23.8 - - 0.07173 0.10854
Kazakhstan 1999 (20.2) * (20.6) (18.8) * 20.0 - - -0.01498 0.09665
Kyrgyzstan 1997 (15.2) * * * * 23.6 - - 0.02198 0.07857
Turkey 1993 18.7 29.5 32.6 32.7 22.2 26.5 0.842 3.500 0.05947 0.03090
Turkmenistan 2000 * * (38.6) * (55.3) 53.9 - - na na
Uzbekistan 1996 * * (15.2) * (39.2) 12.1 - - 0.52464 0.15805
Bolivia 1998 21.2 24.4 24.6 27.9 28.0 24.6 0.757 6.800 0.06144 0.02252
Bolivia 2003 35.6 45.7 42.3 40.1 33.8 40.0 1.055 1.843 0.00073 0.01437
Brazil 1996 20.5 31.2 25.5 30.1 18.5 24.9 1.108 2.000 0.04579 0.02795
Colombia 1995 13.9 17.7 21.2 20.8 14.4 17.7 0.965 0.500 0.05513 0.03144
Colombia 2000 24.4 27.6 29.5 23.7 20.6 25.6 1.184 3.800 -0.00254 0.02744
Colombia 2005 38.3 44.2 38.7 27.9 25.7 36.7 1.492 12.616 -0.04940 0.01395
Guatemala 1995 13.4 13.7 23.0 13.2 10.0 15.0 1.340 3.400 0.02730 0.02695
Guatemala 1998/99 14.7 23.5 21.5 15.8 13.3 18.3 1.105 1.400 0.00707 0.03204
Haiti 1994/95 3.8 7.9 10.7 11.3 9.7 8.2 0.392 5.900 0.19747 0.05059
Haiti 2000 21.6 27.5 26.7 29.5 37.3 27.2 0.579 15.700 0.08660 0.01971
Nicaragua 1997/98 34.5 44.8 40.4 36.3 23.9 37.3 1.444 10.600 0.02170 0.01875
Nicaragua 2001 46.2 59.3 54.4 46.4 35.9 49.6 1.287 10.300 -0.00060 0.01656
Paraguay 1990 16.1 27.0 34.8 30.9 18.8 24.7 0.856 2.700 0.12375 0.02839
Peru 1996 24.0 32.0 30.7 34.0 20.2 28.5 1.188 3.800 0.04396 0.01289
Peru 2000 45.6 46.3 49.2 56.3 45.9 47.9 0.993 0.300 0.03299 0.01079
Egypt 1995 12.6 13.5 13.7 11.1 8.6 12.0 1.465 4.000 -0.04106 0.02235
Egypt 2000 16.0 16.2 14.2 10.0 3.6 12.6 4.444 12.400 -0.12402 0.03171
Jordan 1997 27.1 20.1 21.5 18.1 10.0 20.2 2.710 17.100 -0.08813 0.01677
Morocco 1992 8.4 8.6 13.5 15.5 17.7 12.1 0.475 9.300 0.15806 0.04544
Morocco 2003/04 17.0 30.2 27.6 33.0 22.3 26.1 0.761 5.346 0.06022 0.02252
Yemen 1997 11.1 12.2 13.9 18.0 16.2 13.9 0.685 5.100 0.12646 0.02219
E. SOUTH ASIA 9.7 13.4 13.7 14.9 11.4 12.6 0.855 1.654 0.07988 0.03268
Bangladesh 1996/97 4.4 5.2 4.6 8.2 5.7 5.5 0.772 1.300 0.05527 0.05662
Bangladesh 1999/2000 4.5 4.6 5.0 4.4 3.8 4.5 1.184 0.700 -0.04956 0.05509
Bangladesh 2004 2.4 3.2 5.5 6.2 7.3 4.6 0.326 4.917 0.26714 0.05479
India 1992/93 17.6 16.3 19.7 19.6 11.6 17.2 1.517 6.000 -0.00692 0.01356
India 1998/99 8.1 10.9 10.5 10.6 8.8 9.8 0.920 0.700 0.04470 0.01784
Nepal 1996 9.3 10.1 11.2 15.8 12.5 11.6 0.744 3.200 0.13235 0.03807
Nepal 2001 17.1 20.4 20.7 23.2 17.7 19.8 0.966 0.600 0.03125 0.02589
Pakistan 1990/91 11.4 19.1 18.2 19.6 11.8 16.3 0.966 0.400 -0.02356 0.03221
- 91 -
TREATMENT OF FEVER IN A PUBLIC FACILITY (Cont.)

Benin 1996 8.2 10.3 9.4 8.1 11.4 9.3 0.719 3.200 0.02725 0.04751
Benin 2001 20.2 23.5 24.1 27.2 18.6 23.0 1.086 1.600 0.03051 0.02395
Burkina Faso 1992/93 13.7 14.4 20.5 19.7 27.5 18.7 0.500 13.735 0.17522 0.02791
Burkina Faso 1998/99 8.3 8.8 14.4 11.6 30.8 13.6 0.269 22.500 0.29312 0.03716
Burkina Faso 2003 22.3 22.9 33.3 34.1 54.4 31.8 0.410 32.078 0.17148 0.01452
Cameroon 1991 15.2 20.0 23.9 32.2 35.0 26.4 0.434 19.800 0.15367 0.03469
Cameroon 1998 9.2 9.1 11.1 17.3 22.0 13.1 0.418 12.800 0.19060 0.06235
Cameroon 2004 26.9 26.6 33.7 26.0 33.3 29.2 0.808 6.396 0.03306 0.02355
Chad 1996/97 0.2 3.0 0.8 5.1 12.1 4.4 0.017 11.900 0.60581 0.07144
Chad 2004 1.8 4.3 5.6 7.9 29.6 9.7 0.062 27.732 0.52896 0.04264
Comoros 1996 21.8 24.3 23.5 23.3 29.9 24.3 0.729 8.100 0.04665 0.04801
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 17.6 28.4 32.1 43.1 53.4 32.7 0.330 35.800 0.20595 0.02027
Eritrea 1995 16.4 14.9 18.6 37.0 33.6 21.9 0.488 17.200 0.19406 0.03660
Ethiopia 2000 11.3 10.2 11.1 9.8 30.2 13.6 0.374 18.900 0.29850 0.03267
Gabon 2000 36.1 48.1 44.2 58.0 50.2 47.1 0.719 14.100 0.07020 0.01783
Ghana 1993 27.3 33.3 40.7 46.7 51.4 38.3 0.531 24.100 0.13177 0.03011
Ghana 1998 8.2 5.6 12.4 9.9 12.6 9.3 0.651 4.400 0.06783 0.06277
Ghana 2003 38.6 28.0 36.1 45.0 56.4 39.9 0.685 17.798 0.06111 0.02763
Guinea 1999 14.0 9.6 15.2 27.0 32.4 18.9 0.432 18.400 0.21768 0.02708
Kenya 1993 26.8 34.9 28.3 42.8 31.4 32.6 0.851 4.682 0.07777 0.01754
Kenya 1998 39.3 33.9 37.8 35.1 34.2 36.3 1.149 5.100 0.00164 0.01997
Kenya 2003 27.3 27.9 31.0 34.1 25.7 29.0 1.060 1.553 0.00715 0.01920
Madagascar 1997 16.9 16.2 19.5 21.3 19.3 18.4 0.876 2.400 0.00033 0.03607
Malawi 1992 35.1 37.8 35.1 34.7 45.2 37.2 0.777 10.100 0.03192 0.01890
Malawi 2000 8.0 7.7 8.7 8.6 9.5 8.4 0.842 1.500 0.06138 0.03132
Mali 1995/96 4.7 4.9 6.8 10.1 18.5 8.3 0.254 13.806 0.28390 0.04816
Mali 2001 6.5 7.1 11.4 14.2 43.4 15.1 0.150 36.900 0.41355 0.02839
Mozambique 1997 12.1 19.3 18.7 22.6 36.8 20.9 0.329 24.700 0.20130 0.03109
Mozambique 2003 40.2 42.7 48.7 62.2 65.0 50.3 0.619 24.804 0.08478 0.01089
Namibia 1992 62.2 65.7 62.9 62.4 63.3 63.4 0.983 1.100 -0.00468 0.01257
Namibia 2000 47.1 54.6 52.5 46.2 53.0 50.2 0.889 5.900 -0.00933 0.02063
Niger 1998 5.9 4.8 7.0 10.4 20.9 8.9 0.282 15.000 0.35374 0.04717
Nigeria 1990 21.7 23.7 30.2 36.4 49.0 30.6 0.443 27.300 0.15073 0.01816
Nigeria 2003 14.4 17.4 25.9 38.5 34.7 24.7 0.417 20.219 0.16839 0.02589
Rwanda 2000 14.3 12.6 18.4 21.2 21.9 17.6 0.653 7.600 0.11593 0.02482
Tanzania 1996 29.5 35.9 36.6 36.9 39.1 35.4 0.754 9.600 0.04974 0.01767
Tanzania 2004 46.9 53.9 44.9 46.2 54.2 48.9 0.865 7.298 0.02170 0.01470
Togo 1998 10.5 10.0 10.2 18.6 21.6 13.2 0.486 11.100 0.12555 0.03997
Uganda 1995 16.7 14.4 15.4 19.4 14.8 16.2 1.128 1.900 -0.01037 0.02767
Uganda 2000/01 21.8 27.3 21.2 20.7 18.4 22.3 1.185 3.400 -0.04601 0.02000
Zambia 1996 55.0 57.3 58.5 61.3 51.0 56.8 1.078 4.000 0.00809 0.01076
Zambia 2001 51.3 49.3 55.2 59.3 47.5 52.9 1.080 3.800 0.02870 0.01119
Zimbabwe 1994 32.8 27.4 25.8 35.8 37.7 32.0 0.870 4.900 0.03568 0.03010
Zimbabwe 1999 39.5 49.4 37.3 29.0 27.9 36.9 1.416 11.600 -0.07604 0.02642
G. ALL COUNTRIES 23.3 26.3 27.2 28.1 29.6 26.8 0.786 6.324 0.08170 0.03171
- 92 -
TREATMENT OF FEVER IN A PRIVATE FACILITY

Cambodia 2000 18.1 17.9 22.9 24.2 27.3 21.4 0.663 9.200 0.12436 0.02156
Indonesia 1997 19.6 24.6 29.9 41.9 54.3 32.7 0.361 34.700 0.19581 0.01136
Indonesia 2002/03 7.1 11.8 24.2 33.9 48.1 23.1 0.147 41.058 0.31989 0.01577
Philippines 1998 6.5 10.0 21.2 34.4 36.0 17.9 0.181 29.500 0.31611 0.02769
Philippines 2003 6.2 7.7 12.4 29.0 43.8 15.3 0.142 37.630 0.41831 0.03777
Vietnam 1997 16.1 14.9 18.8 10.2 21.2 16.0 0.759 5.100 0.06541 0.07133
Vietnam 2002 11.5 25.4 19.2 24.9 43.1 22.5 0.267 31.600 0.07487 0.05163
B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na 0.30820 0.79883

Armenia 2000 0.0 0.0 (2.7) 4.1 0.0 1.5 - 0.000 0.05977 0.22656
Kazakhstan 1999 (2.7) * 0.0 0.0 * 0.8 - - -0.67729 0.64998
Turkey 1993 3.8 9.7 10.2 12.1 20.8 10.0 0.183 17.000 0.25016 0.05534
Uzbekistan 1996 * * 0.0 * (2.6) 0.4 - - 1.54212 1.51996
Bolivia 1998 0.7 2.5 3.7 15.1 23.6 6.8 0.030 22.900 0.50310 0.05111
Bolivia 2003 5.3 4.2 3.0 9.6 19.0 6.8 0.279 13.707 0.24893 0.04976
Brazil 1996 1.4 4.7 11.8 13.6 32.1 9.4 0.044 30.700 0.49232 0.05454
Colombia 1995 8.7 11.6 10.6 14.5 38.9 14.5 0.224 30.200 0.25228 0.04180
Colombia 2000 6.8 12.2 19.2 30.9 38.5 19.6 0.177 31.700 0.31186 0.03332
Colombia 2005 3.0 3.1 6.3 12.5 9.2 5.9 0.327 6.197 0.31264 0.04306
Guatemala 1995 3.1 6.9 12.8 24.2 43.8 13.4 0.071 40.700 0.33184 0.03090
Guatemala 1998/99 1.7 5.0 6.1 14.0 27.1 8.2 0.063 25.400 0.38779 0.05893
Haiti 1994/95 3.2 4.0 4.1 7.6 21.1 6.2 0.152 17.900 0.37654 0.08021
Haiti 2000 10.0 6.0 17.5 14.2 19.9 12.2 0.503 9.900 0.16716 0.03107
Nicaragua 1997/98 2.9 3.3 10.2 15.8 25.6 8.8 0.113 22.700 0.38594 0.04947
Nicaragua 2001 3.0 6.4 12.1 13.2 36.3 11.4 0.083 33.300 0.41829 0.04487
Paraguay 1990 9.1 6.0 20.9 34.9 62.6 20.8 0.145 53.500 0.37509 0.03331
Peru 1996 0.6 2.1 4.3 8.1 16.9 4.0 0.036 16.300 0.47620 0.04540
Peru 2000 1.5 1.9 5.8 8.2 29.7 5.7 0.051 28.200 0.45000 0.04576
Egypt 1995 20.8 28.3 34.0 43.4 51.9 34.8 0.401 31.100 0.16087 0.01117
Egypt 2000 13.0 18.1 20.8 26.5 34.9 21.7 0.372 21.900 0.19276 0.02418
Jordan 1997 7.6 11.5 8.8 20.5 25.6 13.7 0.297 18.000 0.13719 0.02623
Morocco 1992 0.6 2.9 2.9 10.0 16.7 5.5 0.036 16.100 0.52626 0.07183
Morocco 2003/04 1.7 3.3 4.0 9.9 28.5 8.1 0.058 26.831 0.43641 0.05239
Yemen 1997 2.8 3.9 4.9 6.9 13.6 5.8 0.206 10.800 0.33262 0.03801
E. SOUTH ASIA 18.3 22.7 25.2 28.3 41.1 26.3 0.446 22.777 0.24844 0.02857
Bangladesh 1996/97 10.6 12.8 10.5 14.8 20.4 13.4 0.520 9.800 0.14152 0.03823
Bangladesh 1999/2000 12.1 13.9 16.2 21.4 39.8 19.0 0.304 27.700 0.25990 0.02565
Bangladesh 2004 6.5 9.2 11.8 15.0 31.8 13.4 0.204 25.307 0.32927 0.03176
India 1992/93 39.6 43.8 47.9 58.7 68.5 50.1 0.578 28.900 0.11401 0.00591
India 1998/99 31.5 34.8 42.7 43.6 46.6 39.1 0.676 15.100 0.08797 0.00711
Nepal 1996 0.6 2.1 2.7 2.5 9.5 2.9 0.063 8.900 0.47485 0.10036
Nepal 2001 1.7 2.0 7.1 4.9 14.6 5.2 0.116 12.900 0.41902 0.06095
Pakistan 1990/91 33.7 44.7 39.1 49.8 71.5 47.5 0.471 37.800 0.15750 0.01445
- 93 -
TREATMENT OF FEVER IN A PRIVATE FACILITY (Cont.)

Benin 1996 1.2 1.2 1.6 3.1 12.4 2.9 0.097 11.200 0.41265 0.10788
Benin 2001 3.7 5.5 7.1 10.3 23.5 8.3 0.157 19.800 0.31676 0.04986
Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.1 1.9 0.6 - 1.890 0.73901 0.22670
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.556 0.400 0.37136 0.25886
Burkina Faso 2003 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.9 2.7 1.2 0.464 1.467 0.17030 0.11458
Cameroon 1991 10.1 9.0 13.7 11.3 11.9 11.1 0.849 1.800 0.05941 0.05483
Cameroon 1998 2.6 4.9 4.8 13.2 10.3 6.9 0.252 7.700 0.29707 0.08361
Cameroon 2004 5.5 8.0 7.8 19.7 19.2 11.8 0.288 13.693 0.25566 0.04258
Chad 1996/97 1.5 3.2 6.0 5.3 3.3 3.8 0.455 1.800 0.08341 0.05482
Chad 2004 1.3 0.6 1.4 1.3 4.7 1.8 0.277 3.407 0.71180 0.12708
Comoros 1996 4.5 4.3 6.1 4.9 7.8 5.4 0.577 3.300 0.13079 0.10912
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 0.9 2.0 1.8 1.4 2.4 1.6 0.375 1.500 0.08146 0.09890
Eritrea 1995 0.1 0.8 1.5 1.1 3.4 1.1 0.029 3.300 0.51397 0.21443
Ethiopia 2000 2.3 3.3 3.7 2.3 10.9 4.1 0.211 8.600 0.47783 0.06442
Gabon 2000 1.7 3.2 3.0 2.0 10.5 3.8 0.162 8.800 0.18384 0.09236
Ghana 1993 9.1 7.2 6.2 12.0 12.9 8.8 0.705 3.800 0.07153 0.08723
Ghana 1998 0.3 1.2 0.8 4.6 6.2 2.0 0.048 5.900 0.46703 0.15175
Ghana 2003 2.7 5.5 6.4 9.3 13.7 6.9 0.200 10.930 0.34740 0.08560
Guinea 1999 1.4 1.3 2.0 0.2 2.7 1.5 0.519 1.300 0.10723 0.10856
Kenya 1993 11.0 12.4 13.8 12.3 26.9 14.7 0.409 15.918 0.17611 0.03146
Kenya 1998 13.6 22.6 21.7 24.3 35.8 22.5 0.380 22.200 0.16856 0.02766
Kenya 2003 14.3 14.3 14.8 15.4 28.9 17.3 0.496 14.585 0.17259 0.02969
Madagascar 1997 6.8 7.6 4.2 4.6 15.5 7.1 0.439 8.700 0.13930 0.07398
Malawi 1992 13.4 8.6 10.8 14.2 18.0 12.8 0.744 4.600 0.12716 0.03881
Malawi 2000 2.0 2.9 3.3 4.2 9.0 3.9 0.222 7.000 0.22869 0.04670
Mali 1995/96 2.9 3.4 7.9 5.2 17.5 6.6 0.169 14.530 0.39143 0.05420
Mali 2001 11.7 11.8 13.6 14.8 17.3 13.6 0.676 5.600 0.09832 0.02716
Mozambique 1997 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 - 0.300 0.27099 0.62180
Mozambique 2003 1.1 0.0 1.0 0.7 3.1 1.1 0.369 1.931 0.46920 0.15632
Namibia 1992 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 6.3 1.2 - 6.300 0.68691 0.18834
Namibia 2000 1.9 2.0 0.6 3.6 12.0 3.8 0.158 10.100 0.67226 0.13865
Niger 1998 1.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.5 1.182 0.200 -0.02531 0.25041
Nigeria 1990 0.1 1.4 1.5 1.2 7.1 1.9 0.014 7.000 0.79035 0.13025
Nigeria 2003 5.9 3.6 5.9 7.0 19.8 7.3 0.297 13.901 0.30499 0.06511
Rwanda 2000 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.2 3.1 0.9 - 3.100 1.11920 0.18226
Tanzania 1996 1.8 3.0 2.0 4.4 5.5 3.2 0.327 3.700 0.13473 0.06771
Tanzania 2004 4.0 5.6 8.6 8.1 22.1 8.7 0.183 18.006 0.33055 0.05131
Togo 1998 0.2 0.3 1.0 3.9 8.4 2.1 0.024 8.200 0.51569 0.11210
Uganda 1995 16.7 25.8 22.7 26.0 29.0 23.4 0.576 12.300 0.09086 0.02140
Uganda 2000/01 33.6 39.2 43.8 49.2 61.0 43.7 0.551 27.400 0.11861 0.01234
Zambia 1996 4.4 6.7 5.0 5.4 22.8 7.9 0.193 18.400 0.29160 0.04557
Zambia 2001 8.8 15.1 9.2 9.0 20.4 11.4 0.431 11.600 0.02690 0.03334
Zimbabwe 1994 2.8 7.9 6.8 5.7 12.8 6.6 0.219 10.000 0.25169 0.07983
Zimbabwe 1999 8.4 1.4 4.6 12.1 20.3 8.8 0.414 11.900 0.27504 0.08280
G. ALL COUNTRIES 6.3 8.0 9.4 12.9 21.4 10.3 0.296 15.106 0.30262 0.11257
- 94 -
MEDICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION

Cambodia 2000 31.7 30.0 33.1 42.9 52.3 36.6 0.606 20.600 0.11531 0.02071
Indonesia 1997 52.2 67.9 73.6 78.8 80.5 68.7 0.648 28.300 0.07273 0.00934
Indonesia 2002/03 48.3 63.6 58.8 69.7 73.8 61.3 0.655 25.471 0.13008 0.01302
Philippines 1998 47.3 55.0 62.9 67.5 74.2 57.9 0.637 26.900 0.07353 0.01587
Philippines 2003 50.2 49.0 58.7 61.0 75.2 54.8 0.667 25.066 0.09026 0.02036
Vietnam 1997 55.7 69.9 (72.1) (77.5) (82.7) 68.9 0.674 138.400 0.07849 0.02412
Vietnam 2002 65.8 78.2 (67.5) (67.4) (80.1) 71.3 0.821 145.900 0.01663 0.02314
B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na 52.3 na na 0.10085 0.08057

Armenia 2000 (20.2) (27.7) (30.5) (35.1) (16.4) 26.2 1.232 3.800 0.02099 0.06982
Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * (47.7) - - -0.06522 0.09100
Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * (48.0) - - 0.14689 0.09082
Kyrgyzstan 1997 * * * * * (48.0) - - 0.08576 0.07376
Turkey 1993 25.3 33.0 39.3 56.2 (54.4) 37.3 0.465 79.700 0.14934 0.03758
Uzbekistan 1996 * * * * * (87.1) - - 0.14977 0.08788
Bolivia 1998 27.6 37.3 41.1 58.4 69.5 42.5 0.397 41.900 0.18700 0.01659
Bolivia 2003 39.7 53.5 49.0 46.8 55.5 48.0 0.716 15.773 0.03024 0.01401
Brazil 1996 33.4 47.4 47.6 52.6 65.1 46.1 0.513 31.700 0.12574 0.01877
Colombia 1995 34.3 50.5 49.4 53.7 68.0 48.7 0.504 33.700 0.11586 0.01693
Colombia 2000 * * * * * * - - 0.15901 0.02232
Colombia 2005 48.9 63.0 62.7 70.2 71.6 61.6 0.683 22.690 0.08086 0.01302
Guatemala 1995 30.9 34.4 50.5 51.6 75.2 44.3 0.411 44.300 0.15911 0.01524
Guatemala 1998/99 28.5 38.9 38.0 40.5 (47.8) 37.4 0.596 76.300 0.11709 0.02469
Haiti 1994/95 17.7 26.8 23.8 35.7 40.4 27.2 0.438 22.700 0.15232 0.03842
Haiti 2000 31.7 34.5 42.5 38.5 47.4 37.4 0.669 15.700 0.09868 0.01577
Nicaragua 1997/98 45.2 56.2 62.6 67.1 73.9 57.8 0.612 28.700 0.09249 0.01128
Nicaragua 2001 45.0 61.1 62.6 59.2 74.5 57.7 0.604 29.500 0.09556 0.01202
Paraguay 1990 * * * * * * - - 0.23437 0.01945
Peru 1996 35.8 44.6 51.5 56.2 56.4 45.7 0.635 20.600 0.09526 0.01048
Peru 2000 47.9 50.6 61.3 69.2 78.9 57.9 0.607 31.000 0.09645 0.00998
Egypt 1995 47.9 55.7 62.6 69.4 77.8 61.7 0.616 29.900 0.09646 0.00879
Egypt 2000 52.5 63.7 66.8 81.2 74.0 66.0 0.709 21.500 0.08972 0.01279
Jordan 1997 75.5 77.4 74.2 77.8 76.4 76.3 0.988 0.900 na na
Morocco 1992 8.4 14.4 18.1 26.1 35.5 17.4 0.237 27.100 0.27055 0.04971
Morocco 2003/04 19.2 34.1 37.0 52.9 58.1 37.8 0.330 38.914 0.17354 0.02802
Yemen 1997 22.1 26.6 31.4 39.4 48.2 32.2 0.459 26.100 0.16163 0.01720
E. SOUTH ASIA 34.1 41.5 45.0 50.1 62.2 44.7 0.548 28.088 0.14240 0.01998
Bangladesh 1996/97 23.0 29.1 31.8 38.5 51.3 32.9 0.448 28.300 0.14493 0.03130
Bangladesh 2004 10.7 15.2 18.2 27.8 44.1 20.0 0.243 33.351 0.28894 0.03541
India 1992/93 63.8 60.6 67.4 77.7 85.5 68.6 0.746 21.700 0.07242 0.00694
India 1998/99 53.3 60.6 71.2 78.4 82.2 66.6 0.648 28.900 0.10070 0.00516
Nepal 1996 11.6 16.6 18.6 22.4 26.6 18.2 0.436 15.000 0.17854 0.03282
Nepal 2001 23.0 23.5 26.3 24.7 37.1 26.1 0.620 14.100 0.08032 0.02542
Pakistan 1990/91 49.4 66.8 64.5 69.6 85.4 66.3 0.578 36.000 0.09963 0.01393
- 95 -
MEDICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION (Cont.)

Benin 1996 23.8 27.3 28.4 31.4 (62.4) 31.7 0.381 86.200 0.16346 0.03933
Benin 2001 26.3 33.1 35.5 36.1 49.3 35.1 0.533 23.000 0.10959 0.03480
Burkina Faso 1992/93 (6.8) 15.5 20.0 11.2 (39.8) 18.3 0.171 32.959 0.28528 0.07873
Burkina Faso 1998/99 13.8 12.5 23.0 24.9 49.7 21.9 0.278 35.900 0.31735 0.04531
Burkina Faso 2003 24.8 23.2 35.4 35.3 73.4 35.9 0.338 48.567 0.20876 0.02685
Cameroon 1991 (19.2) 41.4 (48.7) 65.4 54.1 46.4 0.355 73.300 0.14749 0.03757
Cameroon 1998 25.4 21.6 30.6 44.2 52.4 33.6 0.485 27.000 0.19468 0.03738
Cameroon 2004 30.9 27.4 51.5 47.3 53.4 40.7 0.578 22.505 0.12488 0.02544
Chad 1996/97 4.5 15.5 19.0 18.6 35.5 19.2 0.127 31.000 0.32295 0.03922
Chad 2004 7.4 4.9 6.4 9.4 20.3 9.6 0.367 12.871 0.38415 0.07940
Comoros 1996 41.5 64.3 (62.5) (44.2) (58.1) 53.2 0.714 99.600 0.04335 0.03669
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 15.4 33.2 36.5 43.6 63.6 38.9 0.242 48.200 0.23121 0.03048
Eritrea 1995 24.4 28.3 33.5 57.1 60.9 37.1 0.401 36.500 0.19948 0.03267
Ethiopia 2000 8.6 12.9 16.8 14.2 30.9 15.8 0.278 22.300 0.30688 0.03318
Gabon 2000 31.8 42.6 48.3 68.9 48.7 47.7 0.653 16.900 0.11899 0.02695
Ghana 1993 22.6 38.2 (59.5) (51.9) (54.8) 42.8 0.412 77.400 0.17744 0.04717
Ghana 1998 24.3 18.7 23.3 29.9 (46.7) 26.2 0.520 71.000 0.07132 0.05031
Ghana 2003 31.1 40.0 47.2 50.8 (68.9) 44.0 0.451 100.036 0.11884 0.03457
Guinea 1999 27.6 23.6 37.0 54.0 64.7 39.4 0.427 37.100 0.20644 0.02491
Kenya 1993 45.1 64.9 43.2 61.9 58.0 55.3 0.777 12.907 0.05700 0.02912
Kenya 1998 54.9 53.6 51.6 55.1 78.5 57.3 0.699 23.600 0.04734 0.02099
Kenya 2003 43.7 41.5 46.1 57.4 63.8 49.1 0.686 20.044 0.08710 0.01903
Madagascar 1997 35.1 33.5 32.1 36.9 59.3 36.6 0.592 24.200 0.05921 0.02810
Malawi 1992 49.2 54.7 53.4 49.0 65.1 53.7 0.756 15.900 0.04729 0.02300
Malawi 2000 17.9 25.7 23.2 32.0 45.4 26.7 0.394 27.500 0.16085 0.01881
Mali 1995/96 18.2 19.3 28.2 35.7 68.2 32.3 0.267 49.951 0.27376 0.02920
Mali 2001 21.6 28.9 26.7 33.6 69.7 35.6 0.310 48.100 0.25100 0.02321
Mozambique 1997 17.3 31.9 45.8 56.5 46.1 38.5 0.375 28.800 0.18164 0.03454
Mozambique 2003 42.2 53.8 53.2 65.9 62.5 55.4 0.675 20.335 0.07259 0.01781
Namibia 1992 63.4 68.7 65.7 68.1 74.4 67.2 0.852 11.000 0.01438 0.01492
Namibia 2000 49.9 37.6 58.5 59.2 71.8 53.1 0.695 21.900 0.06675 0.02040
Niger 1998 20.5 14.6 15.2 29.1 58.0 25.5 0.353 37.500 0.29685 0.04231
Nigeria 1990 32.6 33.2 34.6 40.1 51.6 37.2 0.632 19.000 0.06891 0.03461
Nigeria 2003 18.4 25.4 33.2 45.2 60.5 32.8 0.304 42.149 0.17154 0.03522
Rwanda 2000 10.1 9.2 13.7 16.5 30.1 15.1 0.336 20.000 0.29643 0.03744
South Africa 1998 75.7 73.6 75.1 76.9 75.7 75.3 1.000 0.000 0.00403 0.01249
Tanzania 1996 61.8 65.0 74.8 69.7 77.0 69.6 0.803 15.200 0.04686 0.01346
Tanzania 2004 52.3 61.0 65.2 55.3 67.1 59.4 0.779 14.812 0.05429 0.01890
Togo 1998 18.0 18.3 22.9 36.3 48.2 26.2 0.373 30.200 0.19509 0.03765
Uganda 1995 48.9 58.1 64.3 69.3 74.9 61.4 0.653 26.000 0.06631 0.01263
Uganda 2000/01 61.3 68.7 55.9 68.5 83.0 66.5 0.739 21.700 0.04498 0.01111
Zambia 1996 71.0 77.2 81.7 82.8 88.9 79.5 0.799 17.900 0.04022 0.01047
Zambia 2001 63.0 66.8 70.6 75.4 73.2 69.1 0.861 10.200 0.04279 0.01329
Zimbabwe 1994 44.2 47.4 54.7 64.5 62.1 52.2 0.712 17.900 0.08809 0.02270
Zimbabwe 1999 55.1 46.2 40.7 53.0 55.9 49.8 0.986 0.800 -0.01031 0.02677
G. ALL COUNTRIES 36.4 41.5 45.0 50.4 59.7 46.1 0.610 23.308 0.12968 0.02842
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TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN A PUBLIC FACILITY

Cambodia 2000 12.1 13.7 12.3 13.3 22.3 14.1 0.543 10.200 0.08107 0.03559
Indonesia 1997 32.2 44.1 38.6 26.3 28.3 34.4 1.138 3.900 -0.06741 0.01889
Indonesia 2002/03 39.8 43.7 29.5 27.3 19.6 33.6 2.037 20.289 -0.03535 0.02544
Philippines 1998 37.4 37.7 31.1 18.9 11.9 30.9 3.143 25.500 -0.12402 0.02520
Philippines 2003 42.8 39.4 39.7 30.7 14.6 37.6 2.940 28.235 -0.06472 0.02972
Vietnam 1997 29.7 47.5 (32.9) (52.2) (53.2) 41.0 0.558 82.900 0.07070 0.04070
Vietnam 2002 50.5 39.1 (32.3) (24.9) (23.1) 37.1 2.186 73.600 -0.10731 0.04538
B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na 51.2 na na 0.08419 0.08831

Armenia 2000 (20.2) (27.7) (26.5) (31.8) (16.4) 24.9 1.232 3.800 0.00827 0.07021
Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * (46.3) - - -0.08028 0.09520
Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * (48.0) - - 0.14689 0.09082
Kyrgyzstan 1997 * * * * * (48.0) - - 0.08576 0.07376
Turkey 1993 22.0 26.1 30.9 37.7 (31.0) 28.1 0.710 53.000 0.10079 0.04569
Uzbekistan 1996 * * * * * (83.9) - - 0.09582 0.11846
Bolivia 1998 26.8 33.0 33.2 39.7 32.2 32.4 0.832 5.400 0.09068 0.02166
Bolivia 2003 33.4 50.1 46.6 36.9 32.5 40.4 1.030 0.958 -0.01555 0.01656
Brazil 1996 31.1 42.4 32.0 36.8 27.0 34.4 1.152 4.100 0.01913 0.02489
Colombia 1995 21.8 30.7 28.8 29.0 12.6 24.9 1.730 9.200 -0.01611 0.02788
Colombia 2005 45.2 59.9 57.2 56.3 64.8 55.5 0.698 19.562 0.05760 0.01478
Guatemala 1995 21.9 21.4 30.4 21.8 18.3 23.2 1.197 3.600 0.01819 0.02377
Guatemala 1998/99 25.1 32.7 25.5 17.1 (25.8) 26.1 0.973 50.900 -0.01216 0.03193
Haiti 1994/95 4.3 8.5 10.2 13.8 9.8 9.1 0.439 5.500 0.18823 0.06913
Haiti 2000 21.5 26.2 28.2 27.6 28.4 25.9 0.757 6.900 0.07572 0.02059
Nicaragua 1997/98 42.1 51.0 54.6 49.8 37.7 47.4 1.117 4.400 0.02946 0.01456
Nicaragua 2001 42.4 55.8 47.9 43.6 33.6 45.8 1.262 8.800 0.00164 0.01555
Peru 1996 34.8 40.6 44.3 44.1 32.2 39.3 1.081 2.600 0.04263 0.01226
Peru 2000 46.9 48.0 55.1 61.0 46.9 50.9 1.000 0.000 0.04929 0.01181
Egypt 1995 19.2 18.6 17.6 15.3 13.5 17.1 1.422 5.700 -0.04688 0.02368
Egypt 2000 28.7 27.5 22.0 21.0 9.4 23.1 3.053 19.300 -0.08923 0.03157
Jordan 1997 59.6 45.9 53.5 39.3 18.9 46.0 3.153 40.700 na na
Morocco 1992 7.1 10.6 16.3 16.5 21.1 12.8 0.336 14.000 0.19680 0.05840
Morocco 2003/04 17.3 27.0 33.4 31.7 28.5 27.1 0.608 11.157 0.06597 0.03568
Yemen 1997 17.2 19.0 24.2 26.0 25.7 22.0 0.669 8.500 0.11661 0.02156
E. SOUTH ASIA 11.5 15.0 15.8 15.6 14.3 14.3 0.805 2.774 0.11514 0.04019
Bangladesh 1996/97 7.4 10.3 12.2 14.4 14.4 11.3 0.514 7.000 0.10005 0.06082
Bangladesh 2004 2.4 4.0 6.4 9.4 10.2 5.6 0.238 7.797 0.32440 0.06915
India 1992/93 18.3 18.3 20.4 19.4 13.6 18.5 1.346 4.700 0.01122 0.02223
India 1998/99 11.5 14.1 14.6 16.0 14.0 13.9 0.821 2.500 0.10434 0.01869
Nepal 1996 10.7 14.4 13.4 18.6 17.1 14.5 0.626 6.400 0.12974 0.03707
Nepal 2001 21.2 20.7 19.2 19.8 18.6 20.0 1.140 2.600 -0.02213 0.03097
Pakistan 1990/91 10.8 21.3 23.1 17.0 14.2 17.7 0.761 3.400 0.05395 0.04193
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TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN A PUBLIC FACILITY (Cont.)

Benin 1996 18.5 24.3 24.2 20.5 (24.2) 22.2 0.764 42.700 0.07276 0.04839
Benin 2001 20.6 25.8 24.9 33.0 23.7 25.7 0.869 3.100 0.06704 0.04251
Burkina Faso 1992/93 (3.4) 15.5 20.0 9.3 (36.4) 16.8 0.094 33.038 0.27220 0.07762
Burkina Faso 1998/99 13.2 12.5 22.0 24.2 46.2 21.0 0.286 33.000 0.30840 0.04628
Burkina Faso 2003 24.2 19.6 34.5 33.2 66.3 33.4 0.364 42.167 0.19896 0.03003
Cameroon 1991 (3.2) 21.9 (38.3) 25.0 33.8 24.4 0.095 37.000 0.19963 0.05866
Cameroon 1998 20.3 13.5 24.9 27.6 38.1 23.9 0.533 17.800 0.15910 0.05064
Cameroon 2004 27.0 18.9 39.4 31.9 30.7 29.0 0.878 3.736 0.04489 0.03463
Chad 1996/97 0.5 7.2 6.6 12.4 28.3 11.5 0.018 27.800 0.53797 0.05598
Chad 2004 1.8 2.3 1.1 1.8 17.5 5.0 0.105 15.682 0.61162 0.13458
Comoros 1996 33.8 48.2 (50.0) (32.6) (41.9) 40.9 0.807 75.700 0.03269 0.04715
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 14.2 30.2 32.0 43.6 61.3 36.8 0.232 47.100 0.24462 0.03169
Eritrea 1995 24.4 26.8 30.5 53.9 52.1 34.7 0.468 27.700 0.17847 0.03535
Ethiopia 2000 7.4 10.3 14.3 11.4 25.2 13.0 0.294 17.800 0.26127 0.03611
Gabon 2000 30.7 37.9 45.3 58.9 41.1 42.6 0.747 10.400 0.10469 0.02893
Ghana 1993 15.1 30.9 (50.0) (44.4) (45.2) 34.6 0.334 60.300 0.21408 0.05227
Ghana 1998 28.4 25.5 25.6 25.1 (41.0) 28.1 0.693 69.400 0.02309 0.04477
Ghana 2003 27.0 31.4 44.3 48.7 (55.6) 38.4 0.485 82.624 0.10880 0.03909
Guinea 1999 24.0 20.9 30.4 53.4 58.5 35.6 0.410 34.500 0.22424 0.02644
Kenya 1993 31.1 45.5 31.7 52.8 40.5 41.3 0.768 9.399 0.06792 0.03868
Kenya 1998 37.9 30.6 34.0 37.4 41.2 35.9 0.920 3.300 0.01626 0.03353
Kenya 2003 31.7 27.0 31.0 38.4 33.6 31.7 0.945 1.847 0.02557 0.02752
Madagascar 1997 26.4 25.4 25.7 32.3 36.8 28.0 0.717 10.400 0.03343 0.03239
Malawi 1992 31.2 39.0 32.7 39.4 43.0 36.5 0.726 11.800 0.07142 0.03331
Malawi 2000 14.5 17.0 16.4 21.2 25.0 18.0 0.580 10.500 0.12625 0.02488
Mali 1995/96 13.0 11.2 12.4 23.4 43.5 19.6 0.298 30.537 0.24517 0.04409
Mali 2001 8.9 9.6 13.0 22.3 49.6 20.3 0.179 40.700 0.41265 0.03783
Mozambique 1997 17.3 30.8 45.8 55.7 45.9 38.2 0.377 28.600 0.18107 0.03463
Mozambique 2003 41.2 53.8 53.2 65.0 59.8 54.4 0.689 18.582 0.06559 0.01862
Namibia 1992 63.0 68.7 65.7 68.1 61.0 65.4 1.033 2.000 0.00368 0.01614
Namibia 2000 47.7 36.3 57.9 54.9 60.6 50.1 0.787 12.900 0.03089 0.02279
Niger 1998 17.6 14.1 15.2 27.2 56.8 24.3 0.310 39.200 0.32126 0.04241
Nigeria 1990 32.6 31.8 34.6 38.6 43.1 35.3 0.756 10.500 0.04066 0.03578
Nigeria 2003 12.2 22.5 26.0 40.6 35.4 25.5 0.344 23.235 0.14537 0.03939
Rwanda 2000 9.1 9.2 13.7 15.9 23.1 13.8 0.394 14.000 0.22125 0.03709
South Africa 1998 67.5 56.0 52.5 46.1 15.4 49.8 4.383 52.100 -0.14216 0.01890
Tanzania 1996 54.6 61.8 66.8 61.3 67.7 62.3 0.806 13.100 0.04371 0.01555
Tanzania 2004 45.6 60.1 55.9 49.7 50.6 52.1 0.901 5.006 0.02876 0.02259
Togo 1998 18.0 18.3 19.9 28.2 32.2 22.1 0.559 14.200 0.13026 0.04254
Uganda 1995 22.0 21.6 24.3 24.5 26.7 23.5 0.824 4.700 0.02100 0.02854
Uganda 2000/01 25.0 29.5 20.2 24.9 15.8 23.9 1.582 9.200 -0.04844 0.02597
Zambia 1996 57.9 56.3 65.4 70.1 50.3 60.8 1.151 7.600 0.01274 0.01733
Zambia 2001 52.9 54.4 62.7 67.0 58.7 59.0 0.901 5.800 0.05661 0.01652
Zimbabwe 1994 38.0 38.8 45.3 56.4 41.8 43.0 0.909 3.800 0.06779 0.02965
Zimbabwe 1999 45.2 41.3 36.2 37.0 33.6 39.2 1.345 11.600 -0.04842 0.03226
G. ALL COUNTRIES 28.4 30.7 32.7 34.2 33.9 33.6 0.840 5.430 0.08834 0.03692
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TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN A PRIVATE FACILITY

Cambodia 2000 19.6 16.0 18.8 28.8 29.4 21.7 0.667 9.800 0.14335 0.03000
Indonesia 1997 17.6 20.5 33.2 51.1 51.1 32.2 0.344 33.500 0.20170 0.01944
Indonesia 2002/03 8.5 19.9 29.3 42.4 54.2 27.7 0.156 45.759 0.33034 0.02523
Philippines 1998 9.4 15.7 28.9 45.0 60.8 25.1 0.155 51.400 0.32921 0.02990
Philippines 2003 7.4 9.6 19.0 30.3 60.7 17.2 0.121 53.300 0.42817 0.05164
Vietnam 1997 24.8 22.5 (37.7) (21.6) (28.4) 26.8 0.873 53.200 0.10289 0.06084
Vietnam 2002 13.1 34.4 (34.0) (38.4) (54.6) 31.3 0.240 67.700 0.15972 0.04776

Armenia 2000 0.0 0.0 (4.0) (3.2) 0.0 1.4 - 0.000 0.25315 0.23200
Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * (1.4) - - 0.35339 0.43017
Turkey 1993 3.2 6.3 6.7 15.3 (23.5) 8.2 0.136 26.700 0.33109 0.10137
Uzbekistan 1996 * * * * * (3.2) - - 1.09685 1.00399
Bolivia 1998 0.6 3.6 6.4 17.7 36.7 9.4 0.016 36.100 0.52535 0.05033
Bolivia 2003 6.3 3.4 2.4 9.8 23.0 7.5 0.274 16.731 0.27645 0.05414
Brazil 1996 2.2 5.0 15.6 14.8 38.1 11.6 0.058 35.900 0.45136 0.05287
Colombia 1995 12.6 19.5 20.0 24.7 54.1 23.4 0.233 41.500 0.26724 0.03253
Colombia 2005 3.7 3.1 5.5 13.9 6.9 6.1 0.544 3.128 0.29131 0.06229
Guatemala 1995 4.3 8.3 15.6 25.3 53.3 16.6 0.081 49.000 0.36794 0.03180
Guatemala 1998/99 3.4 5.8 12.5 19.4 (22.0) 10.7 0.155 25.400 0.42950 0.05850
Haiti 1994/95 4.3 6.0 3.5 8.3 26.4 7.6 0.163 22.100 0.35499 0.09905
Haiti 2000 9.5 6.5 14.1 10.9 18.6 10.9 0.511 9.100 0.14078 0.03488
Nicaragua 1997/98 3.1 5.2 8.0 16.9 32.5 10.0 0.095 29.400 0.40380 0.04233
Nicaragua 2001 2.5 5.0 12.0 13.6 40.6 11.0 0.062 38.100 0.47933 0.04294
Peru 1996 0.9 3.7 6.7 11.6 21.7 5.9 0.041 20.800 0.46077 0.04300
Peru 2000 0.7 2.5 5.4 6.3 28.3 6.0 0.025 27.600 0.49528 0.05303
Egypt 1995 28.0 35.3 44.1 53.4 62.7 43.5 0.447 34.700 0.15427 0.01215
Egypt 2000 23.0 34.4 44.4 58.7 61.7 41.5 0.373 38.700 0.19325 0.02018
Jordan 1997 12.0 29.3 19.2 37.8 53.0 27.8 0.226 41.000 na na
Morocco 1992 0.9 3.8 1.3 8.7 14.5 4.2 0.062 13.600 0.46028 0.11429
Morocco 2003/04 1.9 7.1 3.6 21.2 29.6 10.7 0.063 27.757 0.45776 0.07116
Yemen 1997 4.9 6.7 6.5 10.4 20.0 8.9 0.245 15.100 0.27873 0.03750
E. SOUTH ASIA 22.3 26.0 28.3 33.6 46.8 29.7 0.476 24.539 0.23428 0.03393
Bangladesh 1996/97 15.6 18.6 19.6 24.2 35.8 21.4 0.436 20.200 0.17469 0.04518
Bangladesh 2004 8.3 11.2 11.8 18.4 33.8 14.3 0.245 25.555 0.27505 0.04373
India 1992/93 44.3 41.3 45.2 56.8 68.8 48.6 0.644 24.500 0.10092 0.01033
India 1998/99 41.0 45.2 54.1 60.3 65.7 51.0 0.624 24.700 0.10219 0.00701
Nepal 1996 0.7 1.8 4.6 2.9 9.2 3.2 0.076 8.500 0.37651 0.09141
Nepal 2001 1.8 2.9 7.1 4.9 17.4 5.9 0.103 15.600 0.44088 0.06400
Pakistan 1990/91 38.1 44.6 40.2 51.0 70.4 47.6 0.541 32.300 0.11898 0.02099
- 99 -
TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN A PRIVATE FACILITY (Cont.)

Benin 1996 3.9 2.3 4.2 9.4 (29.4) 7.6 0.133 33.300 0.42105 0.10435
Benin 2001 5.7 7.3 9.9 3.1 24.2 9.0 0.236 18.500 0.24527 0.08571
Burkina Faso 1992/93 (3.4) 0.0 0.0 1.9 (3.3) 1.5 1.024 0.079 0.43776 0.44073
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.7 0.0 1.0 0.6 1.8 0.7 0.389 1.100 0.84558 0.36374
Burkina Faso 2003 0.6 3.6 0.9 2.1 7.0 2.5 0.089 6.401 0.35113 0.14970
Cameroon 1991 (16.0) 18.0 (10.4) 24.9 15.6 17.5 1.026 31.600 0.06408 0.06695
Cameroon 1998 5.2 8.0 5.7 15.3 14.3 9.4 0.364 9.100 0.28677 0.09065
Cameroon 2004 3.9 8.5 12.1 15.4 22.7 11.7 0.172 18.770 0.32318 0.05947
Chad 1996/97 4.0 8.2 12.4 6.1 5.9 7.4 0.678 1.900 0.03048 0.06612
Chad 2004 4.6 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.4 1.5 3.291 3.237 0.39066 0.22734
Comoros 1996 7.7 16.1 (12.5) (11.6) (12.9) 11.9 0.597 20.600 0.11023 0.09615
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 1.3 3.0 4.5 0.0 2.3 2.2 0.565 1.000 0.00587 0.16060
Eritrea 1995 0.0 1.5 3.0 3.1 6.3 2.1 0.000 6.300 0.62971 0.17434
Ethiopia 2000 1.2 2.3 2.5 2.1 5.6 2.5 0.214 4.400 0.59159 0.10957
Gabon 2000 0.4 4.7 1.5 9.9 5.3 4.1 0.075 4.900 0.25735 0.10221
Ghana 1993 7.5 7.3 (7.1) (7.4) (9.7) 7.7 0.773 17.200 0.02870 0.13088
Ghana 1998 3.3 2.8 8.3 12.7 (12.2) 6.7 0.270 15.500 0.34063 0.11052
Ghana 2003 4.1 8.6 2.9 2.2 (13.3) 5.5 0.309 17.412 0.19268 0.11191
Guinea 1999 3.6 2.7 6.7 0.6 5.4 3.7 0.667 1.800 0.06155 0.11402
Kenya 1993 14.0 19.4 11.5 9.1 17.5 14.1 0.799 3.508 0.02271 0.08503
Kenya 1998 16.0 22.4 17.7 17.7 35.2 20.6 0.455 19.200 0.10735 0.04939
Kenya 2003 12.0 14.5 15.2 19.1 30.2 17.3 0.398 18.197 0.19994 0.04173
Madagascar 1997 8.7 8.1 6.4 4.5 22.5 8.6 0.387 13.800 0.14239 0.08376
Malawi 1992 16.8 15.8 19.3 9.6 20.8 16.4 0.808 4.000 -0.00067 0.05355
Malawi 2000 2.9 8.7 6.3 10.3 19.4 8.3 0.149 16.500 0.23563 0.03725
Mali 1995/96 5.3 8.1 15.8 12.3 24.7 12.7 0.213 19.414 0.31777 0.05422
Mali 2001 12.5 19.3 12.8 11.3 19.3 14.9 0.648 6.800 0.03290 0.04393
Mozambique 1997 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 - 0.000 0.56839 0.76000
Mozambique 2003 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.9 2.7 1.0 0.345 1.753 0.56413 0.32644
Namibia 1992 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.9 1.2 0.056 8.400 0.62887 0.25497
Namibia 2000 2.2 0.5 0.5 4.3 11.2 2.8 0.196 9.000 0.65637 0.19044
Niger 1998 2.9 0.5 0.0 1.9 1.2 1.2 2.417 1.700 -0.16154 0.35310
Nigeria 1990 0.0 1.4 0.0 1.5 8.5 1.9 - 8.500 0.65162 0.23841
Nigeria 2003 6.2 2.9 7.2 4.6 25.1 7.4 0.246 18.914 0.26178 0.11462
Rwanda 2000 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 6.9 1.3 0.145 5.900 1.02019 0.22785
South Africa 1998 8.0 17.6 22.6 30.1 58.4 25.0 0.137 50.400 0.31101 0.03327
Tanzania 1996 6.2 2.1 4.1 8.4 7.1 5.6 0.873 0.900 0.07827 0.07586
Tanzania 2004 6.7 0.9 9.2 5.6 16.5 7.3 0.407 9.806 0.23647 0.09335
Togo 1998 0.0 0.0 2.2 6.6 14.4 3.5 - 14.400 0.60065 0.12537
Uganda 1995 26.5 35.1 37.6 44.1 46.2 36.6 0.574 19.700 0.09667 0.02120
Uganda 2000/01 35.2 37.4 32.6 42.7 65.5 40.9 0.537 30.300 0.10317 0.01803
Zambia 1996 4.6 9.0 8.3 3.3 31.1 9.7 0.148 26.500 0.28491 0.07690
Zambia 2001 9.2 12.4 6.9 7.7 14.5 9.5 0.634 5.300 -0.03632 0.05956
Zimbabwe 1994 6.2 8.6 9.4 8.1 17.6 8.9 0.352 11.400 0.19808 0.08580
Zimbabwe 1999 10.0 4.8 4.5 16.0 21.5 10.5 0.465 11.500 0.14904 0.09125
G. ALL COUNTRIES 7.7 10.4 11.7 15.4 25.0 12.5 0.308 17.288 0.30796 0.11164
- 100 -
USE OF ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY TO TREAT DIARRHEA

Cambodia 2000 60.3 64.1 59.1 64.1 70.4 62.9 0.857 10.100 0.02296 0.01141
Indonesia 1997 75.2 71.3 68.7 80.4 79.2 74.6 0.949 4.000 0.01325 0.00737
Indonesia 2002/03 62.3 54.1 62.8 60.4 65.8 60.6 0.947 3.468 -0.00083 0.00989
Philippines 1998 74.7 64.4 78.8 77.4 (77.1) 73.7 0.969 151.800 0.00262 0.01403
Philippines 2003 73.0 81.7 82.6 80.8 84.8 79.3 0.861 11.749 0.02288 0.01122
Vietnam 1997 (66.8) (67.9) (64.2) (84.2) * 72.1 - - 0.06063 0.02567
Vietnam 2002 71.4 (65.0) (79.0) * * 73.6 - - 0.03002 0.02940
B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 56.1 72.5 na na 76.2 71.3 0.736 20.150 0.03095 0.02513
Armenia 2000 (38.1) (69.2) * * * 59.7 - - 0.13644 0.03649
Kazakhstan 1995 (50.4) * * (36.9) * 53.3 - - -0.07675 0.04833
Kazakhstan 1999 (45.6) (75.6) (69.1) (61.0) (70.8) 62.6 0.644 25.200 0.06769 0.03219
Kyrgyzstan 1997 73.3 (81.6) (72.3) (64.0) (72.9) 73.5 1.005 146.200 -0.04225 0.02339
Turkey 1993 50.1 53.9 71.6 66.9 67.4 60.0 0.743 17.300 0.06976 0.01717
Turkey 1998 67.3 63.7 73.5 70.5 76.7 69.2 0.877 9.400 0.03141 0.01276
Turkmenistan 2000 * * * * * 75.9 - - na na
Uzbekistan 1996 * * * * (84.5) 86.8 - - -0.03855 0.02079
Bolivia 1998 70.5 73.9 79.9 83.8 83.5 76.7 0.844 13.000 0.04374 0.00906
Bolivia 2003 60.8 64.5 66.1 73.2 76.2 66.4 0.798 15.409 0.03744 0.00884
Brazil 1996 73.1 73.6 76.9 74.3 (65.8) 73.4 1.111 138.900 0.01791 0.01454
Colombia 1995 58.1 66.4 72.1 80.8 70.8 67.9 0.821 12.700 0.06072 0.01421
Colombia 2000 52.7 60.5 65.0 59.0 78.1 60.8 0.675 25.400 0.04753 0.01847
Colombia 2005 65.0 70.8 70.5 78.5 71.4 70.1 0.911 6.379 0.03990 0.00931
Guatemala 1995 45.4 48.3 47.9 63.1 66.5 51.3 0.683 21.100 0.08667 0.01373
Guatemala 1998/99 53.4 49.5 65.4 63.7 (70.6) 58.6 0.756 124.000 0.03693 0.02001
Haiti 1994/95 42.7 53.1 63.4 66.7 71.6 57.2 0.596 28.900 0.10256 0.01614
Haiti 2000 49.1 48.7 56.6 57.4 68.8 54.9 0.714 19.700 0.05068 0.01371
Nicaragua 1997/98 68.8 71.7 74.1 69.5 71.1 70.8 0.968 2.300 0.02147 0.01212
Nicaragua 2001 61.4 71.3 67.2 70.6 77.0 67.7 0.797 15.600 0.04325 0.01430
Paraguay 1990 48.9 60.3 63.2 (64.8) (64.1) 58.4 0.763 113.000 0.07430 0.02538
Peru 1996 57.2 69.3 71.7 76.5 68.4 66.8 0.836 11.200 0.06284 0.00724
Peru 2000 64.8 69.6 75.7 60.3 78.3 68.7 0.828 13.500 0.03291 0.00857
Egypt 1995 69.1 66.1 67.1 68.1 62.6 66.9 1.104 6.500 -0.00202 0.00978
Egypt 2000 52.8 51.3 49.8 35.1 44.7 47.3 1.181 8.100 -0.05769 0.02091
Jordan 1997 74.9 80.3 80.0 74.7 79.9 78.0 0.937 5.000 -0.05303 0.02735
Morocco 1992 55.6 54.1 44.9 55.4 61.6 53.7 0.903 6.000 -0.00153 0.02193
Morocco 2003/04 43.1 55.2 59.1 59.4 57.1 54.0 0.753 14.089 0.05413 0.02027
Yemen 1997 57.6 60.8 66.9 71.4 72.2 64.6 0.798 14.600 0.05658 0.00821
E. SOUTH ASIA 45.3 49.9 52.0 62.5 68.2 54.5 0.664 22.933 0.09991 0.01532
Bangladesh 1996/97 76.1 66.2 77.4 80.9 73.0 74.6 1.042 3.100 0.00857 0.01660
Bangladesh 1999/2000 78.9 82.7 76.4 87.7 80.4 81.0 0.981 1.500 0.01053 0.01302
Bangladesh 2004 74.9 82.0 83.9 90.7 94.4 83.4 0.793 19.513 0.04296 0.01191
India 1992/93 29.0 29.8 37.5 40.7 48.3 36.0 0.600 19.300 0.13033 0.01121
India 1998/99 36.6 37.9 42.0 48.1 54.9 42.7 0.668 18.221 0.12215 0.00891
Nepal 1996 41.3 48.6 52.6 49.7 63.8 49.0 0.647 22.500 0.07019 0.01710
Nepal 2001 41.8 41.4 45.2 51.5 64.3 46.5 0.650 22.500 0.09155 0.01713
Pakistan 1990/91 27.8 38.5 36.7 59.7 59.3 45.3 0.469 31.500 0.14300 0.02333
- 101 -
USE OF ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY TO TREAT DIARRHEA (Cont.)

Benin 1996 53.1 57.0 61.9 57.3 74.7 58.8 0.711 21.600 0.04434 0.01674
Benin 2001 53.5 44.3 62.1 62.7 56.7 55.1 0.944 3.200 0.04343 0.02174
Burkina Faso 1992/93 28.9 28.5 34.9 39.0 64.6 37.8 0.448 35.661 0.19317 0.02716
Burkina Faso 1998/99 44.8 39.3 40.3 46.1 60.5 46.0 0.740 15.743 0.07369 0.02543
Burkina Faso 2003 56.9 58.0 64.0 64.6 72.7 62.8 0.784 15.727 0.04448 0.01020
Cameroon 1991 54.1 60.3 67.1 71.8 82.7 65.9 0.654 28.600 0.09048 0.01779
Cameroon 1998 68.4 69.7 75.2 79.0 81.5 73.1 0.839 13.100 0.04118 0.01800
Cameroon 2004 46.1 55.3 61.9 64.4 74.1 56.9 0.622 27.988 0.08782 0.01464
Chad 1996/97 56.3 62.2 66.1 73.6 78.3 67.3 0.719 22.000 0.06579 0.01005
Chad 2004 14.9 40.1 32.2 42.5 49.5 37.5 0.301 34.624 0.13833 0.01767
Comoros 1996 74.2 66.7 (83.7) (78.6) (86.5) 76.6 0.858 160.700 0.03752 0.01918
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 43.0 44.6 54.2 61.6 56.2 51.9 0.765 13.200 0.06442 0.01961
Eritrea 1995 49.2 53.5 44.8 68.7 83.4 56.4 0.590 34.200 0.10571 0.02039
Ethiopia 2000 44.5 38.9 45.0 44.1 56.7 44.9 0.785 12.200 0.05793 0.01395
Gabon 2000 64.1 67.8 72.6 79.9 74.7 71.6 0.858 10.600 0.02814 0.01524
Ghana 1993 40.9 35.6 43.3 56.3 62.0 45.6 0.660 21.100 0.08728 0.03187
Ghana 1998 62.1 64.8 70.4 76.2 (78.9) 67.9 0.787 141.000 0.03808 0.01678
Ghana 2003 59.6 61.3 66.6 60.1 78.3 63.3 0.761 18.736 0.03159 0.01925
Guinea 1999 64.6 66.0 71.5 71.1 77.4 69.3 0.835 12.800 0.04192 0.01156
Kenya 1993 49.8 45.8 40.8 66.4 50.1 50.0 0.993 0.336 0.03446 0.02827
Kenya 1998 78.1 84.3 79.2 85.0 86.7 82.0 0.901 8.600 0.01664 0.01119
Kenya 2003 46.6 48.0 53.1 50.2 57.8 50.6 0.807 11.160 0.04230 0.01916
Madagascar 1997 60.2 61.0 59.5 66.7 92.7 65.7 0.649 32.500 0.08038 0.01244
Malawi 1992 65.5 67.7 71.7 77.4 86.9 73.3 0.754 21.400 0.04955 0.01132
Malawi 2000 57.4 60.7 62.0 67.1 67.4 62.1 0.852 10.000 0.04894 0.01074
Mali 1995/96 38.4 43.6 38.6 48.6 67.0 45.0 0.573 28.600 0.09120 0.01704
Mali 2001 64.4 63.7 60.6 66.9 79.8 65.7 0.807 15.400 0.01443 0.00936
Mauritania 2000/01 43.1 47.3 53.4 49.6 44.6 47.7 0.966 1.500 0.00846 0.02265
Mozambique 1997 42.4 54.0 70.2 68.7 83.4 62.0 0.508 41.000 0.10956 0.01528
Mozambique 2003 60.9 63.3 68.1 79.1 88.0 70.5 0.691 27.183 0.07637 0.00975
Namibia 1992 66.8 68.0 75.1 56.5 63.0 66.8 1.060 3.800 -0.01355 0.01454
Namibia 2000 57.1 61.9 60.4 73.6 76.3 65.8 0.748 19.200 0.03764 0.01952
Niger 1998 62.1 64.1 65.3 69.1 77.2 67.0 0.804 15.100 0.04928 0.00997
Nigeria 1990 22.4 27.2 38.0 38.9 55.6 33.5 0.403 33.200 0.15723 0.02323
Nigeria 2003 29.5 31.2 48.1 48.6 60.8 40.2 0.484 31.342 0.14103 0.02140
Rwanda 2000 28.5 26.8 26.9 30.3 41.7 30.2 0.683 13.200 0.11414 0.02634
Senegal 1997 61.6 65.6 71.8 65.3 64.5 65.7 0.955 2.900 0.02002 0.01351
South Africa 1998 85.6 93.2 90.6 90.9 82.5 89.1 1.038 3.100 -0.00017 0.00876
Tanzania 1996 69.0 71.2 70.7 76.2 83.9 73.7 0.822 14.900 0.03783 0.01206
Tanzania 1999 58.0 69.1 70.3 72.0 71.5 67.8 0.811 13.500 0.00671 0.02075
Tanzania 2004 65.6 70.6 71.4 67.5 80.1 70.0 0.820 14.424 0.01408 0.01267
Togo 1998 58.4 70.9 67.2 70.9 70.1 66.8 0.833 11.700 0.02883 0.01249
Uganda 1995 63.2 62.1 67.4 73.3 77.5 67.8 0.815 14.300 0.04781 0.01134
Uganda 2000/01 49.5 51.5 49.5 54.5 68.5 53.1 0.723 19.000 0.04553 0.01559
Zambia 1996 68.9 74.7 75.3 74.9 88.4 75.4 0.779 19.500 0.03972 0.00860
Zambia 2001 57.6 63.8 69.0 74.5 74.8 66.9 0.770 17.179 0.05252 0.01166
Zimbabwe 1994 81.5 81.3 84.9 93.3 95.9 86.3 0.850 14.400 0.02964 0.00930
Zimbabwe 1999 76.7 80.0 77.7 76.2 91.6 79.7 0.837 14.900 0.02796 0.01309
G. ALL COUNTRIES 56.2 60.4 63.2 65.0 70.7 62.9 0.796 14.434 0.04539 0.01636
- 102 -
MEDICAL TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA

Cambodia 2000 20.5 15.7 20.6 24.3 33.8 21.6 0.607 13.300 0.11746 0.02967
Indonesia 1997 53.4 53.6 48.5 55.5 64.0 54.2 0.834 10.600 0.02701 0.01215
Indonesia 2002/03 43.5 41.7 47.6 66.5 59.0 50.8 0.737 15.547 0.08802 0.01195
Philippines 1998 43.0 37.9 48.8 55.4 (33.4) 43.9 1.287 76.400 0.03310 0.02816
Philippines 2003 28.0 29.7 35.6 35.9 40.5 32.4 0.691 12.529 0.08330 0.03132
Vietnam 1997 (41.0) (59.7) (49.4) (70.3) * 50.4 - - 0.01594 0.04331
Vietnam 2002 50.0 (67.2) (65.0) * * 59.6 - - 0.04645 0.03941
Armenia 2000 (19.1) (47.1) * * * 26.5 - - -0.01623 0.07676
Kazakhstan 1995 (37.9) * * (26.5) * 25.8 - - -0.06659 0.09509
Kazakhstan 1999 (33.5) (21.6) (24.8) (7.6) (44.6) 25.8 0.751 11.100 -0.10814 0.07264
Kyrgyzstan 1997 44.6 (33.1) (27.4) (29.6) (53.7) 37.1 0.831 98.300 -0.09935 0.05522
Turkey 1993 16.8 24.6 28.1 30.6 30.6 24.6 0.549 13.800 0.11372 0.03562
Turkey 1998 30.1 32.2 44.2 38.9 46.0 36.5 0.654 15.900 0.08347 0.02409
Uzbekistan 1996 * * * * (46.8) 34.0 - - 0.17977 0.09059
Bolivia 1998 29.6 31.8 36.8 47.2 46.0 36.0 0.643 16.400 0.09204 0.02277
Bolivia 2003 29.0 37.6 33.7 35.1 42.0 34.2 0.691 12.982 0.03744 0.01839
Brazil 1996 27.5 26.7 38.9 32.8 (51.8) 32.0 0.531 79.300 0.10855 0.03352
Colombia 1995 22.4 32.8 37.2 45.5 39.0 33.3 0.574 16.600 0.13461 0.02734
Colombia 2000 24.3 22.7 36.8 31.1 39.3 28.8 0.618 15.000 0.10145 0.03610
Colombia 2005 29.7 34.1 30.2 26.2 26.8 30.4 1.108 2.898 0.02217 0.02133
Guatemala 1995 22.4 26.0 27.1 39.9 48.5 29.4 0.462 26.100 0.14530 0.02190
Guatemala 1998/99 22.8 36.3 36.2 27.7 (40.2) 31.8 0.567 63.000 0.08661 0.03339
Haiti 1994/95 16.0 16.5 26.2 30.2 43.2 23.9 0.370 27.200 0.18843 0.03545
Haiti 2000 18.4 18.6 25.2 28.1 35.2 24.1 0.523 16.800 0.11822 0.02780
Nicaragua 1997/98 39.8 46.3 45.9 42.9 50.7 43.9 0.785 10.900 0.05118 0.02091
Nicaragua 2001 37.6 49.2 51.8 41.6 41.9 44.1 0.897 4.300 0.04900 0.02340
Paraguay 1990 17.1 22.6 35.1 (41.5) (59.8) 30.1 0.286 76.900 0.22190 0.04953
Peru 1996 28.8 30.6 28.4 34.5 33.5 30.2 0.860 4.700 0.02947 0.01572
Peru 2000 35.1 38.0 39.0 38.3 57.3 38.5 0.613 22.200 0.04367 0.01669
Egypt 1995 42.6 45.3 51.6 49.4 49.6 47.5 0.859 7.000 0.03573 0.01431
Egypt 2000 42.7 42.5 47.0 52.6 48.3 46.3 0.884 5.600 0.06876 0.02217
Jordan 1997 51.0 50.4 46.6 50.5 49.0 49.7 1.041 2.000 -0.04907 0.02352
Morocco 1992 6.7 10.8 7.9 16.9 13.7 10.1 0.489 7.000 0.14442 0.06915
Morocco 2003/04 14.5 19.6 25.6 28.3 27.4 22.1 0.530 12.869 0.13956 0.04041
Yemen 1997 19.5 23.2 30.1 35.4 39.5 28.0 0.494 20.000 0.15805 0.01743
E. SOUTH ASIA 28.3 35.3 35.6 42.0 50.1 37.5 0.565 21.790 0.15357 0.02921
Bangladesh 1996/97 22.4 17.7 21.2 28.1 23.8 22.4 0.941 1.400 0.06697 0.05433
Bangladesh 1999/2000 16.4 12.6 29.0 30.5 41.3 24.2 0.397 24.900 0.23463 0.05199
Bangladesh 2004 6.9 17.2 17.8 14.8 30.6 15.7 0.226 23.660 0.29893 0.06028
India 1992/93 51.8 56.6 60.7 69.1 73.1 61.2 0.709 21.300 0.06875 0.00658
India 1998/99 54.6 57.3 67.4 74.1 81.5 65.2 0.670 26.900 0.08804 0.00530
Nepal 1996 9.5 14.9 14.3 16.6 18.3 13.8 0.519 8.800 0.10370 0.04156
Nepal 2001 15.0 25.3 23.4 22.0 21.8 21.2 0.688 6.800 0.07387 0.02987
Pakistan 1990/91 36.6 41.5 33.7 57.2 66.4 47.8 0.551 29.800 0.15343 0.02140
- 103 -
MEDICAL TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA (Cont.)

Benin 1996 24.4 20.3 23.0 23.2 42.0 24.6 0.581 17.600 0.07005 0.04076
Benin 2001 23.1 21.1 25.8 24.7 23.7 23.5 0.975 0.600 0.03908 0.04209
Burkina Faso 1992/93 13.8 16.4 14.5 10.2 27.8 15.9 0.497 14.002 0.16681 0.05722
Burkina Faso 1998/99 14.7 12.8 19.4 16.2 34.2 18.9 0.430 19.500 0.20065 0.04011
Burkina Faso 2003 8.8 15.0 19.3 12.9 31.4 17.2 0.282 22.565 0.20435 0.02846
Cameroon 1991 15.0 17.8 22.2 21.9 25.7 20.1 0.584 10.700 0.10781 0.05639
Cameroon 1998 23.2 20.7 39.3 37.3 31.3 28.2 0.741 8.100 0.11123 0.04335
Cameroon 2004 17.5 17.7 22.6 32.0 26.2 21.5 0.666 8.762 0.11051 0.03323
Chad 1996/97 8.7 18.6 14.8 21.3 32.6 19.5 0.267 23.900 0.22692 0.03108
Chad 2004 1.2 10.2 14.5 18.5 35.2 16.3 0.034 33.966 0.40179 0.03133
Comoros 1996 22.6 23.3 (30.2) (42.9) (43.2) 30.7 0.523 65.800 0.17202 0.05915
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 14.0 19.2 19.0 29.4 37.6 23.5 0.372 23.600 0.19679 0.03720
Eritrea 1995 15.6 25.8 28.9 36.7 55.9 28.4 0.279 40.300 0.24097 0.03851
Ethiopia 2000 12.6 8.5 10.1 10.1 32.8 13.3 0.384 20.200 0.28655 0.03864
Gabon 2000 21.7 30.7 32.6 33.9 46.9 32.6 0.463 25.200 0.10824 0.03590
Ghana 1993 17.0 20.2 24.4 31.3 32.0 24.0 0.531 15.000 0.13466 0.05068
Ghana 1998 26.2 20.7 26.2 31.7 (32.3) 26.4 0.811 58.500 0.00904 0.04454
Ghana 2003 21.0 23.8 24.3 27.3 41.6 25.5 0.506 20.542 0.04935 0.05216
Guinea 1999 25.8 24.8 43.0 43.0 52.0 36.0 0.496 26.200 0.16124 0.02338
Kenya 1993 31.6 50.4 47.4 46.2 40.8 43.7 0.774 9.234 0.02509 0.02986
Kenya 1998 41.4 50.2 37.1 45.9 48.5 44.3 0.854 7.100 0.04339 0.02919
Kenya 2003 29.7 25.0 25.2 32.7 37.8 29.7 0.787 8.040 0.05713 0.03284
Madagascar 1997 38.9 35.4 31.9 40.7 55.7 39.5 0.698 16.800 0.07257 0.02376
Malawi 1992 46.7 40.1 48.5 49.4 61.6 49.0 0.758 14.900 0.04280 0.01973
Malawi 2000 25.0 26.8 26.6 34.7 31.5 28.3 0.794 6.500 0.04886 0.02149
Mali 1995/96 8.5 19.3 17.6 21.6 35.1 18.8 0.241 26.675 0.22487 0.03331
Mali 2001 12.3 11.7 12.2 16.6 42.5 16.8 0.289 30.200 0.21198 0.03098
Mozambique 1997 25.2 28.1 35.3 34.8 54.3 34.5 0.464 29.100 0.09528 0.02967
Mozambique 2003 41.6 45.0 60.0 52.0 48.1 48.9 0.865 6.495 0.04507 0.01605
Namibia 1992 66.4 68.8 73.4 63.5 66.1 68.0 1.005 0.300 0.00036 0.01398
Namibia 2000 48.9 53.2 46.0 47.7 62.0 50.7 0.789 13.100 0.00186 0.02611
Niger 1998 13.0 14.0 11.8 18.3 35.3 17.5 0.368 22.300 0.23236 0.03425
Nigeria 1990 20.5 24.5 24.2 31.1 42.8 26.8 0.479 22.300 0.15701 0.02792
Nigeria 2003 10.3 13.1 22.5 39.2 36.8 21.5 0.281 26.484 0.19368 0.03369
Rwanda 2000 12.1 8.2 9.4 18.9 18.6 13.3 0.651 6.500 0.19230 0.04380
Senegal 1997 29.4 30.9 37.2 35.7 33.7 33.1 0.872 4.300 0.06911 0.02701
South Africa 1998 60.5 53.2 55.6 72.5 62.0 59.2 0.976 1.500 0.00427 0.01839
Tanzania 1996 44.3 60.6 56.0 59.0 66.1 56.3 0.670 21.800 0.05884 0.01763
Tanzania 2004 45.3 52.8 47.8 37.1 54.9 47.0 0.826 9.546 -0.00553 0.01970
Togo 1998 16.4 15.5 20.4 16.8 30.2 18.5 0.543 13.800 0.06988 0.03903
Uganda 1995 52.0 51.2 50.9 60.7 64.9 55.1 0.801 12.900 0.03377 0.01568
Uganda 2000/01 33.0 46.5 48.6 49.5 57.7 44.9 0.572 24.700 0.09859 0.01788
Zambia 1996 42.0 43.7 42.0 47.7 44.3 44.0 0.948 2.300 0.00721 0.01865
Zambia 2001 38.5 44.5 46.4 42.0 43.0 42.8 0.895 4.500 0.01421 0.02007
Zimbabwe 1994 26.4 27.3 32.1 31.4 34.8 29.7 0.759 8.400 0.04399 0.04015
Zimbabwe 1999 33.9 39.8 30.4 27.6 29.9 32.1 1.134 4.000 -0.03734 0.04028
G. ALL COUNTRIES 27.6 30.6 32.9 34.9 42.8 32.8 0.645 15.196 0.09897 0.03336
- 104 -
TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA IN A PUBLIC FACILITY

Cambodia 2000 6.6 4.8 4.5 6.1 14.9 6.6 0.443 8.300 0.10612 0.05717
Indonesia 1997 31.9 31.7 25.7 21.3 14.6 26.5 2.185 17.300 -0.11589 0.02224
Indonesia 2002/03 27.6 19.1 16.1 21.7 15.4 20.2 1.795 12.244 -0.01768 0.02447
Philippines 1998 35.8 27.3 24.4 13.3 (3.4) 25.4 10.529 39.200 -0.16874 0.03902
Philippines 2003 22.6 23.8 22.0 13.5 11.4 20.1 1.973 11.134 -0.08639 0.04147
Vietnam 1997 (24.0) (35.7) (23.7) (33.2) * 27.2 - - -0.00599 0.06977
Vietnam 2002 38.1 (40.8) (27.9) * * 36.1 - - 0.01183 0.05892
Armenia 2000 (19.1) (47.1) * * * 26.5 - - -0.01288 0.08486
Kazakhstan 1995 (37.9) * * (26.5) * 25.8 - - -0.06638 0.09508
Kazakhstan 1999 (30.7) (21.6) (21.6) (7.6) (44.6) 24.3 0.688 13.900 -0.08985 0.07901
Kyrgyzstan 1997 44.6 (33.1) (27.4) (29.6) (53.7) 37.1 0.831 98.300 -0.09941 0.05555
Turkey 1993 13.3 20.1 22.9 22.3 13.3 18.2 1.000 0.000 0.05024 0.04100
Turkey 1998 17.7 22.6 26.8 19.5 18.5 21.3 0.957 0.800 0.05608 0.03345
Uzbekistan 1996 * * * * (43.7) 32.5 - - 0.17853 0.09194
Bolivia 1998 28.0 28.4 31.7 28.4 20.3 28.5 1.379 7.700 -0.00273 0.02701
Bolivia 2003 26.3 36.4 31.4 29.0 31.9 30.7 0.825 5.596 0.01172 0.01988
Brazil 1996 23.6 23.8 30.8 14.6 (25.3) 24.0 0.933 48.900 -0.00448 0.03935
Colombia 1995 12.6 18.2 22.6 22.4 18.0 18.2 0.700 5.400 0.12285 0.04147
Colombia 2000 20.2 16.1 25.7 12.4 13.7 18.5 1.474 6.500 -0.03192 0.04391
Colombia 2005 28.1 32.6 24.3 19.3 16.1 26.5 1.742 11.981 -0.03103 0.02317
Guatemala 1995 17.4 15.1 14.2 13.7 4.4 14.4 3.955 13.000 -0.03624 0.03243
Guatemala 1998/99 19.8 33.0 27.8 11.9 (6.9) 21.8 2.870 26.700 -0.08650 0.04098
Haiti 1994/95 4.3 7.6 9.2 13.4 13.1 8.9 0.328 8.800 0.21558 0.06253
Haiti 2000 13.5 13.0 20.6 19.1 18.6 16.8 0.726 5.100 0.07232 0.03308
Nicaragua 1997/98 38.5 41.4 38.1 27.4 22.1 35.8 1.742 16.400 -0.05229 0.02469
Nicaragua 2001 36.9 44.5 39.7 29.1 22.0 36.6 1.677 14.900 -0.03946 0.02642
Paraguay 1990 12.3 13.6 26.0 (17.1) (17.8) 16.6 0.691 30.100 0.15105 0.07413
Peru 1996 28.7 28.3 26.2 28.8 22.8 27.7 1.259 5.900 -0.00850 0.01653
Peru 2000 34.6 36.1 33.8 31.8 35.4 34.6 0.977 0.800 -0.00273 0.01787
Egypt 1995 16.5 15.0 17.1 12.4 4.3 13.7 3.837 12.200 -0.14457 0.03153
Egypt 2000 21.7 18.2 13.2 13.4 7.1 15.6 3.056 14.600 -0.11796 0.05009
Jordan 1997 39.2 31.6 25.1 23.1 10.0 27.6 3.920 29.200 -0.15464 0.03643
Morocco 1992 5.6 9.5 7.9 10.8 8.2 8.0 0.683 2.600 0.06815 0.07766
Morocco 2003/04 13.9 16.1 24.6 21.8 15.3 18.2 0.908 1.403 0.07016 0.04659
Yemen 1997 16.3 18.2 22.4 23.5 20.7 19.9 0.787 4.400 0.09828 0.02095
E. SOUTH ASIA 9.9 13.5 10.6 12.3 11.1 11.5 0.894 1.176 0.06588 0.06215
Bangladesh 1996/97 10.7 5.7 6.8 11.8 16.1 9.7 0.665 5.400 0.13076 0.09077
Bangladesh 1999/2000 5.9 2.1 11.6 5.7 9.6 6.6 0.615 3.700 0.09002 0.11192
Bangladesh 2004 1.4 4.1 3.7 1.0 7.5 3.2 0.187 6.104 0.19935 0.13379
India 1992/93 16.2 14.4 20.2 16.6 12.9 16.3 1.256 3.300 -0.02370 0.01838
India 1998/99 12.8 13.0 14.9 16.2 12.2 13.9 1.049 0.600 0.05035 0.01802
Nepal 1996 9.2 12.2 12.2 13.5 13.1 11.6 0.702 3.900 0.05136 0.04442
Nepal 2001 14.2 23.1 18.9 18.4 13.2 17.9 1.076 1.000 0.00765 0.03310
Pakistan 1990/91 11.2 13.7 5.0 13.7 11.4 11.2 0.982 0.200 0.00617 0.06368
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TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA IN A PUBLIC FACILITY (Cont.)

Benin 1996 20.1 17.7 19.7 16.7 26.1 19.4 0.770 6.000 0.02228 0.04336
Benin 2001 19.4 17.8 18.8 16.5 11.0 17.4 1.764 8.400 -0.03742 0.04804
Burkina Faso 1992/93 11.8 15.4 14.5 9.5 24.1 14.6 0.492 12.219 0.14035 0.05706
Burkina Faso 1998/99 13.2 11.8 19.4 16.2 33.2 18.2 0.398 20.000 0.21317 0.04045
Burkina Faso 2003 8.1 14.3 19.3 12.1 29.4 16.4 0.275 21.343 0.19820 0.02962
Cameroon 1991 12.7 13.8 16.4 16.2 17.9 15.2 0.709 5.200 0.08335 0.06516
Cameroon 1998 17.4 12.6 21.9 33.7 17.6 19.4 0.989 0.200 0.09924 0.05631
Cameroon 2004 13.2 14.4 19.0 21.9 13.4 15.9 0.981 0.249 0.05616 0.03714
Chad 1996/97 3.7 7.3 5.4 10.0 26.5 10.6 0.140 22.800 0.44288 0.04994
Chad 2004 1.2 4.5 11.1 5.8 28.7 10.2 0.041 27.557 0.54946 0.04645
Comoros 1996 17.7 18.3 (23.3) (35.7) (24.3) 23.0 0.728 42.000 0.15501 0.06749
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 11.9 17.9 17.4 27.2 36.5 21.8 0.326 24.600 0.21889 0.04005
Eritrea 1995 15.3 24.4 24.4 33.2 46.9 25.6 0.326 31.600 0.21955 0.04026
Ethiopia 2000 10.2 7.3 7.7 7.3 23.8 10.2 0.429 13.600 0.27433 0.04686
Gabon 2000 21.7 29.3 32.0 32.3 35.0 29.8 0.620 13.300 0.07632 0.03804
Ghana 1993 14.8 13.5 16.7 23.8 26.0 18.0 0.569 11.200 0.12915 0.06349
Ghana 1998 23.6 16.6 20.7 23.4 (20.9) 21.3 1.129 44.500 -0.05715 0.04928
Ghana 2003 20.4 19.8 22.3 23.9 26.9 21.9 0.757 6.546 -0.03019 0.05715
Guinea 1999 23.9 23.0 39.4 41.6 50.2 33.8 0.476 26.300 0.16995 0.02498
Kenya 1993 21.1 38.8 27.5 40.9 24.6 31.2 0.859 3.469 0.02971 0.03789
Kenya 1998 26.3 29.6 24.8 30.5 24.0 27.1 1.096 2.300 0.01993 0.04197
Kenya 2003 22.2 19.0 19.8 24.0 16.0 20.2 1.385 6.167 -0.02691 0.03899
Madagascar 1997 27.0 21.2 23.7 31.8 24.2 26.1 1.116 2.800 0.01690 0.03065
Malawi 1992 36.1 28.1 34.1 33.8 41.6 34.7 0.868 5.500 0.01276 0.02736
Malawi 2000 19.2 20.9 19.7 26.4 17.7 20.7 1.085 1.500 0.00853 0.02646
Mali 1995/96 4.2 11.9 10.2 13.3 19.9 11.0 0.211 15.722 0.23060 0.04731
Mali 2001 2.9 2.8 4.3 9.3 27.5 7.5 0.105 24.600 0.42756 0.05357
Mozambique 1997 25.2 28.1 29.4 34.8 52.9 33.0 0.476 27.700 0.09130 0.03048
Mozambique 2003 40.6 43.9 58.7 52.0 46.5 47.9 0.874 5.854 0.04405 0.01643
Namibia 1992 65.9 68.8 73.4 62.5 61.4 67.2 1.073 4.500 -0.00380 0.01421
Namibia 2000 47.6 52.8 43.4 46.7 51.5 48.1 0.924 3.900 -0.02870 0.02731
Niger 1998 13.0 12.3 11.5 16.8 33.5 16.4 0.388 20.500 0.23188 0.03594
Nigeria 1990 19.7 23.3 23.1 30.7 36.5 25.3 0.540 16.800 0.15161 0.02773
Nigeria 2003 7.1 11.1 20.7 34.9 27.9 18.1 0.254 20.780 0.18388 0.03718
Rwanda 2000 12.1 8.2 8.9 18.0 17.1 12.7 0.708 5.000 0.16227 0.04529
Senegal 1997 26.3 27.6 33.3 28.8 26.5 28.5 0.992 0.200 0.04988 0.02986
South Africa 1998 53.5 37.9 40.5 47.5 24.8 42.9 2.157 28.700 -0.05741 0.02518
Tanzania 1996 41.4 51.0 51.4 55.2 52.9 50.1 0.783 11.500 0.04359 0.01983
Tanzania 2004 40.7 47.8 37.9 31.2 34.7 39.2 1.173 6.011 -0.04588 0.02259
Togo 1998 15.5 12.6 18.5 16.5 23.5 16.4 0.660 8.000 0.06470 0.04190
Uganda 1995 25.7 24.8 18.6 21.2 20.8 22.6 1.236 4.900 -0.08128 0.03087
Uganda 2000/01 18.1 22.9 21.2 17.5 12.9 19.1 1.403 5.200 -0.03849 0.03209
Zambia 1996 41.8 42.9 42.0 45.2 32.4 41.4 1.290 9.400 -0.02843 0.01958
Zambia 2001 33.2 35.3 39.8 37.5 30.4 35.7 1.092 2.800 0.01222 0.02343
Zimbabwe 1994 25.3 20.0 26.3 27.6 19.0 24.1 1.332 6.300 -0.01013 0.04496
Zimbabwe 1999 28.7 39.8 27.6 22.3 18.2 27.4 1.577 10.500 -0.08412 0.04565
G. ALL COUNTRIES 21.9 23.4 23.6 22.9 24.6 23.7 0.891 2.686 0.05547 0.04225
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TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA IN A PRIVATE FACILITY

Cambodia 2000 13.9 10.7 14.6 18.2 17.9 14.6 0.777 4.000 0.12513 0.03693
Indonesia 1997 19.8 20.1 21.7 32.6 48.1 26.2 0.412 28.300 0.16668 0.02136
Indonesia 2002/03 15.8 22.6 31.5 44.8 43.6 30.6 0.363 27.790 0.15801 0.01756
Philippines 1998 6.9 9.6 23.8 38.9 (27.7) 17.3 0.249 34.600 0.33941 0.05355
Philippines 2003 5.4 5.9 13.6 22.4 29.1 12.4 0.186 23.663 0.35853 0.06071
Vietnam 1997 (17.0) (22.2) (25.7) (36.3) * 22.0 - - 0.07361 0.07051
Vietnam 2002 10.4 (23.2) (29.2) * * 20.6 - - 0.10940 0.08162
B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na -0.00117 0.42258

Kazakhstan 1999 (2.8) 0.0 (3.2) 0.0 0.0 1.5 - 2.800 -0.33497 0.30342
Turkey 1993 3.5 4.1 5.1 8.3 15.1 6.1 0.232 11.600 0.32505 0.08615
Turkey 1998 11.3 7.5 16.1 18.4 27.5 14.0 0.411 16.200 0.11735 0.04652
Uzbekistan 1996 * * * * (3.1) 1.5 - - 0.21413 0.91781
Bolivia 1998 1.6 3.3 5.1 18.4 25.7 7.4 0.062 24.100 0.45913 0.06772
Bolivia 2003 2.7 1.2 2.3 6.0 10.1 3.5 0.269 7.387 0.26222 0.08063
Brazil 1996 3.8 2.9 8.1 18.3 (26.5) 7.9 0.143 30.300 0.45617 0.08985
Colombia 1995 9.8 14.6 13.6 23.1 21.0 14.9 0.467 11.200 0.15056 0.04644
Colombia 2000 4.2 6.6 11.1 18.7 25.6 10.3 0.164 21.400 0.33894 0.07346
Colombia 2005 1.6 1.5 5.9 6.9 10.7 3.9 0.148 9.083 0.38790 0.07635
Guatemala 1995 2.3 8.9 7.1 18.2 41.0 11.0 0.056 38.700 0.38011 0.04157
Guatemala 1998/99 3.0 3.3 8.3 15.7 (33.3) 9.9 0.090 36.300 0.46660 0.07969
Haiti 1994/95 2.4 2.6 3.2 5.8 19.9 5.1 0.121 17.500 0.44452 0.10996
Haiti 2000 4.9 4.9 4.6 9.1 16.6 7.2 0.295 11.700 0.22135 0.06199
Nicaragua 1997/98 0.9 4.1 7.7 15.5 28.5 7.8 0.032 27.600 0.49389 0.07685
Nicaragua 2001 0.7 4.8 11.0 11.6 19.9 7.2 0.035 19.200 0.52444 0.07899
Paraguay 1990 4.8 9.0 9.1 (22.4) (42.0) 13.1 0.114 46.800 0.33040 0.08975
Peru 1996 0.1 2.2 2.1 5.3 10.8 2.4 0.009 10.700 0.47653 0.06838
Peru 2000 0.4 1.9 4.8 5.9 18.7 3.5 0.021 18.300 0.49861 0.07724
Egypt 1995 25.6 29.1 33.4 36.7 45.3 33.2 0.565 19.700 0.10947 0.01814
Egypt 2000 21.1 23.7 32.6 37.5 41.2 30.0 0.512 20.100 0.17134 0.03004
Jordan 1997 10.9 18.4 19.6 26.0 38.7 21.1 0.282 27.800 0.09240 0.04514
Morocco 1992 0.6 1.4 0.0 4.8 5.5 1.8 0.109 4.900 0.38108 0.19334
Morocco 2003/04 0.6 3.6 1.1 6.6 12.1 4.0 0.050 11.466 0.45782 0.11392
Yemen 1997 3.2 4.5 5.8 10.4 18.0 7.3 0.178 14.800 0.32022 0.04020
E. SOUTH ASIA 18.1 21.2 24.0 28.2 37.7 25.1 0.480 19.614 0.27330 0.05193
Bangladesh 1996/97 11.7 12.0 14.4 16.4 7.7 12.6 1.519 4.000 0.02069 0.07214
Bangladesh 1999/2000 10.5 10.5 17.4 24.8 30.3 17.3 0.347 19.800 0.29822 0.06339
Bangladesh 2004 5.5 13.1 14.1 13.8 23.1 12.5 0.239 17.556 0.32469 0.07380
India 1992/93 34.7 41.0 38.7 50.0 58.7 43.3 0.591 24.000 0.10524 0.00910
India 1998/99 40.7 42.8 50.3 54.9 66.2 49.3 0.615 25.500 0.10233 0.00707
Nepal 1996 0.3 2.5 2.1 2.6 5.2 2.1 0.058 4.900 0.41208 0.12170
Nepal 2001 0.8 2.2 4.5 3.6 7.8 3.2 0.103 7.000 0.46123 0.09870
Pakistan 1990/91 25.4 26.9 27.2 40.7 53.8 35.2 0.472 28.400 0.20494 0.02814
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TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA IN A PRIVATE FACILITY (Cont.)

Benin 1996 3.0 1.0 2.4 5.0 14.2 3.8 0.211 11.200 0.24872 0.11184
Benin 2001 3.8 3.4 7.0 7.3 11.2 5.8 0.339 7.400 0.30013 0.10285
Burkina Faso 1992/93 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.7 3.8 1.4 0.525 1.783 0.44917 0.27536
Burkina Faso 1998/99 1.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.6 1.100 0.100 -0.26979 0.26402
Burkina Faso 2003 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.8 2.0 0.7 0.384 1.221 0.36187 0.18796
Cameroon 1991 2.3 4.0 4.6 3.8 7.2 4.2 0.319 4.900 0.16005 0.12088
Cameroon 1998 5.8 8.0 16.1 3.6 13.8 8.7 0.420 8.000 0.14295 0.09048
Cameroon 2004 4.3 3.3 3.6 10.1 12.8 5.6 0.333 8.513 0.26661 0.07696
Chad 1996/97 5.0 11.3 9.4 11.3 5.9 8.9 0.847 0.900 -0.02581 0.04358
Chad 2004 0.0 0.6 0.0 1.5 3.5 1.1 - 3.531 0.78977 0.19365
Comoros 1996 4.8 5.0 (2.3) (7.1) (13.5) 6.1 0.356 18.300 0.29348 0.14345
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 2.1 1.2 1.6 2.2 1.1 1.7 1.909 1.000 -0.08899 0.13802
Eritrea 1995 0.2 1.4 4.5 3.5 7.7 2.7 0.026 7.500 0.48104 0.17405
Ethiopia 2000 1.9 1.2 2.4 2.5 8.9 2.9 0.213 7.000 0.35627 0.08357
Gabon 2000 0.0 1.4 0.6 1.6 11.9 2.7 - 11.900 0.47201 0.16919
Ghana 1993 2.3 6.7 7.8 7.5 6.0 6.1 0.383 3.700 0.15134 0.10215
Ghana 1998 2.6 3.1 5.4 6.7 (11.4) 4.7 0.228 14.000 0.31536 0.10932
Ghana 2003 0.6 4.0 2.0 3.4 14.6 3.6 0.044 13.995 0.53645 0.17125
Guinea 1999 1.9 1.8 3.2 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.056 0.100 0.02523 0.11344
Kenya 1993 10.4 11.6 19.9 5.3 16.2 12.5 0.644 5.766 0.01484 0.07355
Kenya 1998 15.1 20.6 11.6 15.4 22.0 16.7 0.686 6.900 0.10228 0.06242
Kenya 2003 7.6 6.0 5.5 8.7 21.8 9.5 0.347 14.207 0.23513 0.07287
Madagascar 1997 11.9 13.4 8.1 8.8 30.5 13.1 0.390 18.600 0.18210 0.05825
Malawi 1992 10.6 11.3 14.0 15.1 19.5 13.9 0.544 8.900 0.11885 0.04900
Malawi 2000 5.3 4.9 6.6 7.7 13.6 7.0 0.390 8.300 0.15100 0.04811
Mali 1995/96 4.3 7.4 7.4 8.3 15.2 7.8 0.280 10.953 0.21650 0.05673
Mali 2001 9.3 8.8 7.9 7.4 15.0 9.2 0.620 5.700 0.03027 0.03994
Mozambique 1997 0.0 0.0 5.7 0.0 1.4 1.4 - 1.400 0.18134 0.12977
Mozambique 2003 1.0 1.1 1.4 0.0 1.6 1.0 0.602 0.641 0.04634 0.18039
Namibia 1992 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.1 0.6 0.129 2.700 0.49507 0.31556
Namibia 2000 1.3 0.4 0.4 1.1 10.4 2.2 0.125 9.100 0.57599 0.21876
Niger 1998 0.0 1.7 0.4 1.5 1.5 1.1 - 1.500 0.26208 0.14141
Nigeria 1990 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.5 3.8 0.9 0.079 3.500 0.41453 0.17608
Nigeria 2003 3.3 2.0 1.9 4.3 9.0 3.3 0.364 5.704 0.24678 0.12716
Rwanda 2000 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.9 1.1 0.5 - 1.100 1.24878 0.43116
Senegal 1997 2.7 2.3 2.5 5.2 7.2 3.7 0.375 4.500 0.17821 0.09033
South Africa 1998 6.3 13.3 15.1 24.1 33.5 15.0 0.188 27.200 0.19065 0.05314
Tanzania 1996 2.1 7.7 4.3 2.9 10.0 4.9 0.210 7.900 0.23658 0.08273
Tanzania 2004 3.1 3.7 9.3 3.7 20.2 6.6 0.152 17.111 0.27240 0.07348
Togo 1998 0.9 2.9 1.9 0.3 4.7 1.9 0.191 3.800 0.18702 0.13332
Uganda 1995 24.9 25.7 30.6 39.0 42.9 31.4 0.580 18.000 0.11265 0.02461
Uganda 2000/01 14.5 23.5 26.4 31.3 43.0 25.1 0.337 28.500 0.20815 0.02779
Zambia 1996 0.2 0.7 0.0 2.5 11.3 2.5 0.018 11.100 0.61279 0.12056
Zambia 2001 5.1 9.2 6.6 3.9 12.7 7.0 0.402 7.600 0.01335 0.06355
Zimbabwe 1994 1.1 7.2 5.8 3.8 15.9 5.6 0.069 14.800 0.27718 0.10270
Zimbabwe 1999 5.2 0.0 2.8 2.6 11.8 4.1 0.441 6.600 0.33301 0.14761
G. ALL COUNTRIES 5.8 7.1 8.8 11.4 18.0 9.1 0.321 12.195 0.28721 0.11877
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ANTENATAL CARE VISITS TO A MEDICALLY-TRAINED PERSON

Cambodia 2000 21.9 28.3 32.9 43.2 79.6 37.7 0.275 57.700 0.23062 0.00891
Indonesia 1997 76.6 89.9 94.3 97.0 99.3 91.0 0.771 22.700 0.05117 0.00170
Indonesia 2002/03 77.6 90.7 94.4 98.0 99.1 91.5 0.783 21.527 0.05042 0.00155
Philippines 1998 73.1 85.5 94.0 95.6 97.8 87.7 0.747 24.700 0.07011 0.00341
Philippines 2003 72.3 88.1 90.8 96.2 96.6 87.6 0.749 24.264 0.06492 0.00330
Vietnam 1997 50.4 73.1 74.0 82.4 92.3 71.8 0.546 41.900 0.11531 0.00850
Vietnam 2002 67.7 86.1 93.6 93.4 99.5 86.8 0.680 31.800 0.07277 0.00727
Armenia 2000 84.6 90.3 95.4 96.6 96.8 92.4 0.874 12.200 0.03238 0.00515
Kazakhstan 1995 91.0 96.1 88.0 94.5 98.5 93.0 0.924 7.500 0.00511 0.00534
Kazakhstan 1999 97.2 96.2 94.8 92.0 90.8 94.4 1.070 6.400 -0.01630 0.00571
Kyrgyzstan 1997 96.4 97.3 98.0 97.1 98.5 97.3 0.979 2.100 0.00331 0.00264
Turkey 1993 36.8 54.7 70.5 85.0 92.3 67.0 0.399 55.500 0.16183 0.00690
Turkey 1998 38.3 59.9 80.3 87.8 96.2 71.8 0.398 57.900 0.16842 0.00649
Uzbekistan 1996 93.0 95.0 93.1 97.2 96.4 94.7 0.965 3.400 0.00838 0.00386
Bolivia 1998 43.6 61.6 74.8 90.7 96.1 71.0 0.454 52.500 0.15744 0.00463
Bolivia 2003 62.0 71.5 80.6 90.3 98.2 79.0 0.631 36.223 0.07782 0.00308
Brazil 1996 72.2 89.1 95.0 97.9 98.1 89.0 0.736 25.900 0.07039 0.00393
Colombia 1995 65.7 83.3 90.9 95.8 97.7 85.8 0.672 32.000 0.07888 0.00402
Colombia 2000 80.1 88.2 94.4 97.7 96.5 90.8 0.830 16.400 0.04190 0.00336
Colombia 2005 83.7 92.7 96.9 97.5 99.1 93.5 0.845 15.397 0.04292 0.00181
Guatemala 1995 35.7 41.2 51.2 75.3 92.5 56.0 0.386 56.800 0.19451 0.00636
Guatemala 1998/99 36.8 52.6 65.5 80.5 97.0 64.8 0.379 60.200 0.19061 0.00700
Haiti 1994/95 45.9 60.0 73.7 84.0 92.0 69.6 0.499 46.100 0.13264 0.00761
Haiti 2000 65.4 74.4 82.4 89.2 90.7 80.3 0.721 25.300 0.07015 0.00428
Nicaragua 1997/98 70.2 83.7 88.8 91.7 96.1 84.9 0.730 25.900 0.06353 0.00326
Nicaragua 2001 68.8 85.2 90.8 94.6 96.6 86.2 0.712 27.800 0.06677 0.00378
Paraguay 1990 72.5 83.0 87.6 94.9 98.1 86.9 0.739 25.600 0.06696 0.00434
Peru 1996 41.6 66.8 80.9 88.6 96.5 71.7 0.431 54.900 0.16261 0.00300
Peru 2000 41.1 42.7 43.7 58.4 74.3 49.7 0.553 33.200 0.08273 0.00590
Egypt 1995 18.9 24.3 40.1 53.1 80.9 42.5 0.234 62.000 0.27034 0.00650
Egypt 2000 31.1 41.3 52.4 68.1 84.4 55.7 0.368 53.300 0.20281 0.00497
Jordan 1997 92.5 95.3 97.8 97.0 97.3 95.9 0.951 4.800 0.05136 0.00432
Morocco 1992 9.6 20.1 35.2 57.3 76.7 37.3 0.125 67.100 0.36526 0.01040
Morocco 2003/04 39.7 56.4 70.6 86.8 93.1 67.8 0.427 53.381 0.15347 0.00516
Yemen 1997 17.2 24.2 33.8 44.3 67.8 36.7 0.254 50.600 0.28843 0.00800
E. SOUTH ASIA 26.9 35.6 45.5 57.8 81.4 47.4 0.330 54.509 0.26636 0.00795
Bangladesh 1996/97 16.0 17.1 23.6 34.1 62.3 29.0 0.257 46.300 0.29105 0.01337
Bangladesh 1999/2000 19.4 21.4 27.8 39.5 69.8 33.4 0.278 50.400 0.29711 0.01045
Bangladesh 2004 24.9 38.6 48.8 60.6 81.1 48.8 0.307 56.238 0.24013 0.00653
India 1992/93 25.8 35.0 47.8 66.6 89.6 50.3 0.288 63.800 0.26427 0.00264
India 1998/99 44.1 55.3 68.6 80.3 92.8 65.7 0.475 48.700 0.15355 0.00230
Nepal 1996 21.4 35.7 36.1 43.5 68.0 38.2 0.315 46.600 0.21927 0.01103
Nepal 2001 30.4 37.9 50.8 57.5 79.5 48.6 0.382 49.100 0.18929 0.00810
Pakistan 1990/91 8.1 10.5 13.9 32.6 72.1 26.6 0.112 64.000 0.48247 0.01488
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ANTENATAL CARE VISITS TO A MEDICALLY-TRAINED PERSON (Cont.)

Benin 1996 59.0 74.1 87.9 93.9 98.6 80.5 0.598 39.600 0.10452 0.00536
Benin 2001 73.0 82.7 90.1 95.6 99.5 87.4 0.734 26.500 0.06364 0.00373
Burkina Faso 1992/93 42.6 48.3 48.9 69.0 94.2 60.0 0.452 51.585 0.19298 0.00633
Burkina Faso 1998/99 50.0 55.1 58.8 67.6 89.7 63.0 0.557 39.700 0.11642 0.00794
Burkina Faso 2003 56.3 62.2 72.9 81.0 95.8 72.8 0.588 39.432 0.10370 0.00373
Cameroon 1991 50.9 69.0 77.9 91.7 98.8 78.2 0.515 47.900 0.12221 0.00601
Cameroon 1998 60.5 69.3 87.8 92.9 95.9 79.2 0.631 35.400 0.09722 0.00638
Cameroon 2004 65.0 75.3 89.6 95.6 97.2 83.4 0.668 32.227 0.08083 0.00361
Chad 1996/97 11.2 19.9 25.8 40.9 71.1 32.6 0.158 59.900 0.35628 0.01112
Chad 2004 9.2 30.4 43.2 53.7 77.4 42.6 0.119 68.240 0.32283 0.00762
Comoros 1996 67.0 81.8 85.8 95.7 95.0 83.9 0.705 28.000 0.07091 0.00889
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 62.0 81.1 84.9 95.9 98.0 83.2 0.633 36.000 0.09233 0.00434
Eritrea 1995 33.8 34.0 44.3 68.3 89.8 50.4 0.376 56.000 0.22451 0.01123
Ethiopia 2000 15.1 17.7 21.1 25.7 59.8 26.7 0.253 44.700 0.36588 0.01138
Gabon 2000 84.5 95.6 98.1 98.3 98.3 95.1 0.860 13.800 0.03128 0.00299
Ghana 1993 75.8 78.9 83.6 94.8 97.3 85.7 0.779 21.500 0.05407 0.00533
Ghana 1998 76.4 88.4 92.4 94.6 98.3 88.7 0.777 21.900 0.07224 0.00469
Ghana 2003 83.4 91.4 94.7 95.4 98.2 91.9 0.849 14.825 0.03689 0.00343
Guinea 1999 57.9 58.6 72.5 88.5 96.7 73.5 0.599 38.800 0.11598 0.00489
Kenya 1993 89.0 96.1 96.1 95.9 97.6 94.8 0.911 8.642 0.01407 0.00243
Kenya 1998 88.5 90.0 93.2 95.3 96.2 92.3 0.920 7.700 0.01679 0.00361
Kenya 2003 75.1 87.4 92.4 93.0 94.0 88.1 0.800 18.811 0.05832 0.00393
Madagascar 1997 67.1 71.7 75.3 86.1 95.6 77.0 0.702 28.500 0.08026 0.00538
Malawi 1992 83.6 87.2 90.7 95.7 96.6 90.6 0.865 13.000 0.02842 0.00340
Malawi 2000 89.3 91.2 90.7 95.3 97.6 92.5 0.915 8.300 0.01679 0.00179
Mali 1995/96 20.6 35.2 44.2 58.0 85.7 47.5 0.240 65.100 0.23491 0.00779
Mali 2001 42.2 44.0 46.2 64.6 91.8 56.8 0.460 49.600 0.16760 0.00525
Mauritania 2000/01 33.3 50.3 68.6 81.4 88.5 64.0 0.376 55.200 0.18978 0.00734
Mozambique 1997 48.4 70.2 63.7 91.6 98.2 72.0 0.493 49.800 0.12036 0.00490
Mozambique 2003 67.0 82.5 86.1 96.9 98.3 84.6 0.682 31.265 0.07394 0.00287
Namibia 1992 83.6 87.7 89.3 87.7 89.7 87.7 0.932 6.100 0.01614 0.00444
Namibia 2000 80.6 92.0 92.1 92.2 96.3 90.7 0.837 15.700 0.03036 0.00393
Niger 1998 23.9 27.0 28.8 45.1 84.7 40.0 0.282 60.800 0.31122 0.00961
Nigeria 1990 32.4 43.6 64.3 74.2 90.8 58.9 0.357 58.400 0.21612 0.00549
Nigeria 2003 37.1 39.3 59.8 78.2 96.3 60.1 0.386 59.149 0.18662 0.00648
Rwanda 2000 89.9 92.0 91.0 93.0 95.2 92.3 0.944 5.300 0.00348 0.00249
Senegal 1997 67.4 73.3 87.9 95.3 96.9 83.3 0.696 29.500 0.04663 0.00664
South Africa 1998 95.5 94.7 96.3 94.7 93.5 95.0 1.021 2.000 -0.00177 0.00210
Tanzania 1996 82.2 90.1 88.4 93.1 96.6 89.9 0.851 14.400 0.02768 0.00291
Tanzania 1999 88.8 90.8 91.5 94.2 97.3 92.5 0.913 8.500 0.00989 0.00257
Tanzania 2004 90.6 93.8 95.4 95.3 96.7 94.3 0.938 6.031 0.01507 0.00189
Togo 1998 68.8 78.2 88.1 89.8 97.3 82.8 0.707 28.500 0.07365 0.00517
Uganda 1995 87.3 89.8 91.9 93.8 95.5 91.5 0.914 8.200 0.01672 0.00271
Uganda 2000/01 88.2 89.4 94.2 93.8 97.5 92.4 0.905 9.300 0.01815 0.00305
Zambia 1996 91.3 94.2 95.1 98.9 99.6 95.6 0.917 8.300 0.01822 0.00182
Zambia 2001 89.0 91.4 92.5 96.2 98.9 93.4 0.900 9.900 0.02171 0.00225
Zimbabwe 1994 90.8 93.0 91.5 94.8 96.0 93.1 0.946 5.200 0.00864 0.00325
Zimbabwe 1999 94.1 92.9 89.0 92.4 96.9 93.1 0.971 2.800 0.00094 0.00246
G. ALL COUNTRIES 62.1 70.3 76.6 83.8 92.6 76.1 0.671 30.405 0.10954 0.00509
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Cambodia 2000 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.5 5.0 1.2 0.040 4.800 0.52441 0.08660
Indonesia 1997 2.8 4.1 7.2 12.1 33.0 11.1 0.085 30.200 0.53121 0.01600
Indonesia 2002/03 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.3 2.5 1.4 0.571 1.088 0.11513 0.04375
Philippines 1998 11.5 24.8 47.5 67.0 82.7 42.3 0.139 71.200 0.34263 0.00718
Philippines 2003 8.6 22.8 38.9 58.5 79.9 38.1 0.107 71.316 0.37566 0.00801
Vietnam 1997 13.1 15.5 20.2 31.7 61.9 25.5 0.212 48.800 0.35076 0.02401
Vietnam 2002 29.2 35.0 36.5 51.9 87.9 46.8 0.332 58.700 0.24757 0.01447
Armenia 2000 65.8 80.4 89.6 92.3 94.0 83.8 0.700 28.200 0.07000 0.00748
Kazakhstan 1995 57.9 57.7 66.4 84.9 96.0 70.7 0.603 38.100 0.10601 0.01283
Kazakhstan 1999 70.5 68.1 76.5 83.9 83.4 76.1 0.845 12.900 0.04526 0.00993
Kyrgyzstan 1997 47.0 61.3 64.9 78.8 90.4 66.0 0.520 43.400 0.12113 0.01130
Turkey 1993 23.4 33.0 50.9 68.0 87.0 51.2 0.269 63.600 0.25377 0.00851
Turkey 1998 30.7 50.2 71.6 82.0 95.0 65.0 0.323 64.300 0.19957 0.00675
Uzbekistan 1996 82.1 83.7 83.4 89.7 90.2 85.3 0.910 8.100 0.02456 0.00645
Bolivia 1998 30.3 53.1 71.8 89.9 95.8 65.3 0.316 65.500 0.21946 0.00460
Bolivia 2003 39.6 58.0 77.3 89.2 97.9 70.2 0.405 58.242 0.15404 0.00374
Brazil 1996 62.8 85.4 93.1 96.8 98.1 85.3 0.640 35.300 0.10205 0.00418
Colombia 1995 60.9 79.9 88.5 92.7 96.1 82.7 0.634 35.200 0.08681 0.00433
Colombia 2000 73.5 85.1 90.2 94.6 94.3 86.9 0.779 20.800 0.05204 0.00396
Colombia 2005 73.1 85.3 90.8 92.3 95.8 86.7 0.763 22.712 0.06283 0.00242
Guatemala 1995 24.8 30.0 42.2 70.3 92.1 48.0 0.269 67.300 0.25886 0.00713
Guatemala 1998/99 19.7 35.2 52.2 74.3 94.3 53.1 0.209 74.600 0.27648 0.00787
Haiti 1994/95 20.1 26.5 39.7 61.5 84.5 43.9 0.238 64.400 0.29520 0.01137
Haiti 2000 24.6 35.4 41.4 63.0 71.8 46.9 0.343 47.200 0.21888 0.00866
Nicaragua 1997/98 29.9 41.4 46.4 45.6 40.3 40.2 0.742 10.400 0.07106 0.00929
Nicaragua 2001 34.1 49.8 55.5 54.9 41.6 46.8 0.820 7.500 0.07396 0.00908
Paraguay 1990 14.3 18.9 9.1 7.8 5.2 11.2 2.750 9.100 -0.19792 0.03138
Peru 1996 10.8 26.3 37.3 50.3 69.9 35.2 0.155 59.100 0.28763 0.00619
Peru 2000 10.6 21.1 35.8 54.6 72.6 34.6 0.146 62.000 0.31074 0.00715
Egypt 1995 18.9 24.3 40.1 53.0 80.9 42.4 0.234 62.000 0.28293 0.00631
Egypt 2000 30.8 41.0 52.2 68.0 84.4 55.6 0.365 53.600 0.20444 0.00479
Jordan 1997 83.1 89.3 92.5 94.1 96.1 90.8 0.865 13.000 0.06851 0.00492
Morocco 1992 6.5 10.2 20.7 35.9 62.3 25.2 0.104 55.800 0.43055 0.01617
Morocco 2003/04 17.1 24.8 35.9 53.3 78.7 40.2 0.217 61.623 0.26592 0.00893
Yemen 1997 16.1 22.0 30.9 39.6 62.9 33.6 0.256 46.800 0.30738 0.00876
E. SOUTH ASIA 13.1 18.3 24.8 38.2 66.2 30.1 0.197 53.125 0.39403 0.01269
Bangladesh 1996/97 10.0 11.0 16.9 24.5 54.6 21.8 0.183 44.600 0.37504 0.01715
Bangladesh 1999/2000 9.6 12.6 18.0 27.8 61.9 23.8 0.155 52.300 0.43723 0.01399
Bangladesh 2004 12.3 18.9 26.8 42.0 65.6 31.3 0.188 53.302 0.36462 0.01027
India 1992/93 19.4 27.1 37.5 53.4 82.1 41.2 0.236 62.700 0.31077 0.00312
India 1998/99 26.9 37.0 48.6 65.1 83.3 49.3 0.323 56.400 0.23999 0.00294
Nepal 1996 3.9 8.7 9.7 12.6 39.9 12.9 0.098 36.000 0.44525 0.02767
Nepal 2001 6.2 8.5 12.7 18.5 48.2 16.6 0.129 42.000 0.42445 0.02073
Pakistan 1990/91 6.8 8.6 10.9 27.1 67.6 23.4 0.101 60.800 0.54706 0.01681
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Benin 1996 2.1 2.7 4.3 5.0 20.5 5.8 0.102 18.400 0.43226 0.05552
Benin 2001 1.5 1.3 4.3 3.9 22.0 5.9 0.068 20.500 0.54741 0.04922
Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.4 0.8 2.0 1.5 6.9 2.2 0.054 6.486 0.70631 0.08057
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.3 0.3 0.6 3.4 6.4 2.0 0.047 6.100 0.75974 0.09198
Burkina Faso 2003 1.6 1.5 0.8 2.1 8.1 2.5 0.195 6.531 0.29815 0.05266
Cameroon 1991 4.7 6.3 11.9 19.1 33.2 15.2 0.142 28.500 0.43796 0.03067
Cameroon 1998 6.8 8.5 20.9 23.0 33.4 17.1 0.204 26.600 0.34194 0.02753
Cameroon 2004 3.3 7.2 14.4 22.6 40.6 16.5 0.082 37.282 0.42426 0.01853
Chad 1996/97 0.3 0.2 1.1 2.8 6.2 2.0 0.048 5.900 0.70159 0.07523
Chad 2004 0.3 0.9 2.4 3.3 6.4 2.6 0.043 6.152 0.58453 0.06700
Comoros 1996 7.9 9.1 9.3 8.0 18.6 10.1 0.425 10.700 0.14194 0.06088
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 0.8 1.4 3.0 5.6 13.4 4.3 0.060 12.600 0.45846 0.05271
Eritrea 1995 17.1 21.5 24.4 31.2 47.2 26.4 0.362 30.100 0.22610 0.02094
Gabon 2000 13.1 20.4 28.7 39.3 49.1 29.7 0.267 36.000 0.22943 0.01615
Ghana 1993 16.4 16.5 17.6 32.7 55.9 26.7 0.293 39.500 0.27043 0.02255
Ghana 1998 12.1 18.2 23.0 36.4 58.6 26.9 0.206 46.500 0.29165 0.01783
Ghana 2003 8.8 10.8 19.0 24.1 50.6 20.9 0.175 41.731 0.33701 0.02058
Guinea 1999 10.3 14.7 20.6 23.1 30.0 19.1 0.343 19.700 0.20690 0.01940
Kenya 1993 21.1 22.5 23.1 19.1 31.8 23.4 0.664 10.674 0.07235 0.01717
Kenya 1998 23.7 23.2 25.8 32.7 38.8 28.3 0.611 15.100 0.13074 0.01766
Kenya 2003 15.6 16.4 17.3 14.8 24.9 17.9 0.626 9.334 0.11930 0.02122
Madagascar 1997 14.8 15.5 21.5 24.8 20.2 18.8 0.733 5.400 0.10920 0.02070
Malawi 1992 4.6 5.5 6.4 7.1 11.0 6.8 0.418 6.400 0.22127 0.04351
Malawi 2000 7.5 8.6 7.5 9.0 8.6 8.2 0.872 1.100 0.07109 0.02189
Mali 1995/96 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.4 2.9 1.1 0.034 2.800 0.53733 0.10140
Mali 2001 0.9 1.4 1.8 2.5 7.8 2.7 0.115 6.900 0.44770 0.04707
Mauritania 2000/01 10.9 12.3 19.6 23.0 34.7 19.9 0.314 23.800 0.23601 0.02103
Mozambique 1997 0.1 2.1 0.3 1.2 7.9 2.0 0.013 7.800 0.81063 0.10626
Mozambique 2003 0.4 0.6 0.3 2.8 8.9 2.3 0.041 8.495 0.70903 0.06339
Namibia 1992 4.6 6.1 5.9 20.2 41.0 16.7 0.112 36.400 0.43299 0.02714
Namibia 2000 2.6 8.8 8.6 14.8 30.1 13.0 0.086 27.500 0.39235 0.02881
Niger 1998 0.9 0.8 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.900 0.100 0.10231 0.11044
Nigeria 1990 17.0 26.2 37.5 42.5 67.2 36.4 0.253 50.200 0.30783 0.00910
Nigeria 2003 7.6 9.2 15.4 25.5 56.5 21.3 0.134 48.965 0.37905 0.01866
Rwanda 2000 17.8 17.4 16.5 20.6 28.2 20.1 0.631 10.400 0.19537 0.01773
Senegal 1997 4.2 5.2 4.4 4.6 19.3 7.1 0.218 15.100 0.20223 0.03611
South Africa 1998 11.1 20.2 26.0 39.0 67.3 30.0 0.165 56.200 0.33101 0.01260
Tanzania 1996 5.3 5.1 5.4 8.3 13.4 7.4 0.396 8.100 0.21971 0.03278
Tanzania 1999 3.6 3.2 2.1 2.4 17.1 5.7 0.211 13.500 0.40086 0.05958
Tanzania 2004 1.1 1.3 1.3 2.1 5.2 2.1 0.210 4.078 0.32881 0.06209
Togo 1998 1.1 2.0 1.3 4.0 12.4 3.5 0.089 11.300 0.41846 0.06407
Uganda 1995 4.7 6.0 9.3 10.6 20.9 10.1 0.225 16.200 0.33487 0.02831
Uganda 2000/01 4.1 4.8 7.5 8.9 23.8 9.4 0.172 19.700 0.42005 0.03111
Zambia 1996 1.2 0.6 2.2 2.8 8.9 3.1 0.135 7.700 0.43817 0.05877
Zambia 2001 0.4 1.1 1.4 2.8 6.8 2.3 0.059 6.400 0.42483 0.06661
Zimbabwe 1994 11.5 10.5 18.4 23.9 41.5 20.7 0.277 30.000 0.31438 0.02553
Zimbabwe 1999 4.9 6.6 9.5 14.5 28.4 13.2 0.173 23.500 0.34779 0.03073
G. ALL COUNTRIES 20.1 25.1 29.6 35.8 46.8 30.7 0.430 26.688 0.25722 0.02728
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Cambodia 2000 21.7 27.7 32.0 42.6 74.7 36.5 0.290 53.000 0.22656 0.00913
Indonesia 1997 73.7 85.8 87.2 84.9 66.3 79.9 1.112 7.400 -0.01285 0.00290
Indonesia 2002/03 76.1 89.6 93.6 96.8 96.6 90.1 0.788 20.440 0.04941 0.00169
Philippines 1998 61.7 60.6 46.5 28.6 15.1 45.4 4.086 46.600 -0.17791 0.00825
Philippines 2003 63.8 65.3 51.8 37.7 16.7 49.5 3.812 47.052 -0.17383 0.00790
Vietnam 1997 37.3 57.6 53.7 50.7 30.4 46.3 1.227 6.900 -0.00557 0.01518
Vietnam 2002 38.5 51.1 57.1 41.6 11.5 40.0 3.348 27.000 -0.12395 0.01939
Armenia 2000 18.8 9.9 5.8 4.3 2.8 8.6 6.714 16.000 -0.32836 0.05242
Kazakhstan 1995 33.1 38.4 21.6 9.6 2.4 22.3 13.792 30.700 -0.26429 0.03052
Kazakhstan 1999 26.7 28.1 18.3 8.0 7.4 18.3 3.608 19.300 -0.25896 0.03137
Kyrgyzstan 1997 49.4 36.0 33.0 18.2 8.1 31.3 6.099 41.300 -0.24542 0.02291
Turkey 1993 13.4 21.7 19.5 17.0 5.3 15.7 2.528 8.100 -0.11232 0.02378
Turkey 1998 7.7 9.7 8.7 5.9 1.2 6.8 6.417 6.500 -0.13472 0.03425
Uzbekistan 1996 10.9 11.3 9.7 7.4 6.2 9.5 1.758 4.700 -0.14660 0.05266
Bolivia 1998 13.3 8.5 3.0 0.8 0.3 5.7 44.333 13.000 -0.51005 0.03475
Bolivia 2003 14.2 9.2 2.5 1.1 0.3 5.9 40.725 13.871 -0.55063 0.02988
Brazil 1996 9.4 3.6 1.8 1.1 0.0 3.7 - 9.400 -0.61928 0.05442
Colombia 1995 4.7 3.4 2.4 3.2 1.6 3.1 2.938 3.100 -0.12762 0.05169
Colombia 2000 6.5 3.1 4.2 3.1 2.2 3.9 2.955 4.300 -0.18687 0.04972
Colombia 2005 10.6 7.4 6.1 5.2 3.3 6.8 3.218 7.315 -0.21050 0.02157
Guatemala 1995 10.9 11.2 9.1 5.0 0.4 7.9 27.250 10.500 -0.16285 0.02422
Guatemala 1998/99 17.0 17.4 13.3 6.2 2.7 11.7 6.296 14.300 -0.17285 0.02743
Haiti 1994/95 25.8 33.5 33.9 22.5 7.6 25.7 3.395 18.200 -0.12789 0.01917
Haiti 2000 40.7 39.0 40.9 26.2 18.9 33.4 2.153 21.800 -0.13820 0.01201
Nicaragua 1997/98 40.3 42.3 42.5 46.1 55.8 44.6 0.722 15.500 0.05849 0.00860
Nicaragua 2001 34.7 35.4 35.4 39.7 55.1 39.4 0.630 20.400 0.06386 0.01044
Paraguay 1990 58.2 64.1 78.5 87.1 93.0 75.7 0.626 34.800 0.10798 0.00596
Peru 1996 30.7 40.5 43.5 38.3 26.6 36.5 1.154 4.100 0.05229 0.00691
Peru 2000 30.6 21.6 7.9 3.8 1.7 15.0 18.000 28.900 -0.42886 0.01331
Egypt 1995 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 0.18327 0.63920
Egypt 2000 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 - 0.300 -0.30389 0.14384
Jordan 1997 9.4 6.0 5.2 2.9 1.2 5.1 7.833 8.200 -0.15361 0.03033
Morocco 1992 3.1 9.8 14.5 21.4 14.3 12.1 0.217 11.200 0.24908 0.02397
Morocco 2003/04 22.6 31.7 34.7 33.5 14.4 27.6 1.572 8.242 -0.00548 0.01287
Yemen 1997 1.1 2.2 2.9 4.7 4.9 3.1 0.224 3.800 0.29126 0.03850
E. SOUTH ASIA 13.8 17.3 20.7 19.6 15.2 17.3 0.909 1.384 0.06708 0.02128
Bangladesh 1996/97 6.0 6.1 6.6 9.7 7.8 7.1 0.769 1.800 0.07037 0.02956
Bangladesh 1999/2000 9.8 8.8 9.8 11.7 8.0 9.6 1.225 1.800 -0.00214 0.02306
Bangladesh 2004 12.6 19.7 22.0 18.6 15.5 17.5 0.811 2.936 0.01794 0.01529
India 1992/93 6.4 7.9 10.3 13.2 7.5 9.0 0.853 1.100 0.14324 0.00936
India 1998/99 17.2 18.3 20.0 15.2 9.5 16.5 1.811 7.700 -0.07121 0.00732
Nepal 1996 17.5 27.0 26.3 30.9 28.1 25.3 0.623 10.600 0.10882 0.01527
Nepal 2001 24.2 29.4 38.0 39.0 31.3 31.9 0.773 7.100 0.08080 0.01192
Pakistan 1990/91 1.3 1.9 3.0 5.5 4.5 3.2 0.289 3.200 0.24077 0.05059
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ANTENATAL CARE VISITS TO A NURSE OR TRAINED MIDWIFE (Cont.)

Benin 1996 56.9 71.5 83.7 88.9 78.1 74.7 0.729 21.200 0.07917 0.00705
Benin 2001 71.5 81.3 85.7 91.7 77.5 81.5 0.923 6.000 0.02889 0.00527
Burkina Faso 1992/93 42.2 47.4 46.9 67.6 87.3 57.8 0.484 45.100 0.17378 0.00683
Burkina Faso 1998/99 49.7 54.7 58.1 64.1 83.2 60.9 0.597 33.500 0.10641 0.00687
Burkina Faso 2003 54.7 60.7 72.1 78.8 87.7 70.3 0.625 32.901 0.09662 0.00419
Cameroon 1991 46.2 62.7 66.0 72.6 65.6 63.0 0.704 19.400 0.04562 0.01016
Cameroon 1998 53.7 60.8 66.9 69.9 62.5 62.0 0.859 8.800 0.03012 0.00995
Cameroon 2004 57.2 64.2 71.6 69.6 55.6 63.6 1.028 1.569 0.00741 0.00663
Chad 1996/97 10.9 19.8 24.8 38.1 64.9 30.7 0.168 54.000 0.36443 0.01134
Chad 2004 8.9 29.5 40.8 50.5 71.0 40.0 0.126 62.088 0.30546 0.00856
Comoros 1996 59.1 72.7 76.5 87.7 76.4 73.9 0.774 17.300 0.06301 0.01180
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 61.2 79.8 82.0 90.3 84.6 79.0 0.723 23.400 0.07311 0.00531
Eritrea 1995 16.6 12.5 19.9 37.1 42.7 24.0 0.389 26.100 0.23374 0.02313
Ethiopia 2000 15.1 17.7 21.1 25.7 59.8 26.7 0.253 44.700 0.37158 0.01125
Gabon 2000 71.4 75.3 69.3 59.0 49.1 65.4 1.454 22.300 -0.05481 0.00811
Ghana 1993 59.4 62.5 66.0 62.1 41.4 58.9 1.435 18.000 -0.04499 0.01119
Ghana 1998 64.3 70.2 69.4 58.1 39.7 61.8 1.620 24.600 -0.03925 0.00945
Ghana 2003 73.7 80.1 75.5 70.2 47.0 70.4 1.569 26.707 -0.05132 0.00747
Guinea 1999 47.5 43.9 51.9 65.4 66.6 54.4 0.713 19.100 0.08399 0.00830
Kenya 1993 67.9 73.6 73.0 76.8 65.8 71.4 1.031 2.032 -0.00500 0.00611
Kenya 1998 64.7 66.8 67.3 62.5 57.5 64.0 1.125 7.200 -0.03302 0.00825
Kenya 2003 59.5 71.0 75.1 78.2 69.0 70.2 0.863 9.477 0.04275 0.00663
Madagascar 1997 52.3 56.1 53.9 61.4 75.4 58.2 0.694 23.100 0.06681 0.00833
Malawi 1992 79.0 81.7 84.2 88.6 85.6 83.8 0.923 6.600 0.01238 0.00486
Malawi 2000 81.8 82.5 83.3 86.3 88.9 84.3 0.920 7.100 0.01290 0.00273
Mali 1995/96 20.4 34.6 43.5 56.6 82.7 46.4 0.247 62.300 0.24573 0.00752
Mali 2001 41.4 42.6 44.4 62.0 84.0 54.1 0.493 42.600 0.15211 0.00570
Mauritania 2000/01 22.5 38.0 49.0 58.4 53.7 44.1 0.419 31.200 0.16923 0.01119
Mozambique 1997 48.3 68.1 63.4 90.4 90.3 70.0 0.535 42.000 0.10087 0.00592
Mozambique 2003 66.7 81.9 85.7 94.1 89.4 82.2 0.745 22.770 0.05585 0.00347
Namibia 1992 79.1 81.6 83.3 67.5 48.8 71.0 1.621 30.300 -0.08243 0.00777
Namibia 2000 78.0 83.1 83.5 77.5 66.3 77.6 1.176 11.700 -0.03151 0.00623
Niger 1998 23.0 26.2 28.5 43.9 83.8 39.2 0.274 60.800 0.31329 0.00982
Nigeria 1990 15.4 17.4 26.8 31.7 23.6 22.5 0.653 8.200 0.06847 0.01396
Nigeria 2003 24.6 27.5 40.4 51.1 38.1 35.8 0.646 13.466 0.10194 0.01296
Rwanda 2000 72.2 74.6 74.4 72.4 67.0 72.2 1.078 5.200 -0.04529 0.00530
Senegal 1997 63.2 68.1 83.5 90.7 77.6 76.2 0.814 14.400 0.06916 0.00496
South Africa 1998 84.3 74.5 70.3 55.7 26.2 65.0 3.218 58.100 -0.15082 0.00570
Tanzania 1996 76.9 85.0 83.0 84.9 83.2 82.5 0.924 6.300 0.01014 0.00415
Tanzania 1999 85.2 87.7 89.4 91.8 80.1 86.8 1.064 5.100 -0.01562 0.00458
Tanzania 2004 89.6 92.6 94.1 93.2 91.5 92.2 0.979 1.953 0.00782 0.00240
Togo 1998 67.6 76.3 86.8 85.8 84.8 79.3 0.797 17.200 0.04806 0.00496
Uganda 1995 82.5 83.8 82.6 83.1 74.6 81.4 1.106 7.900 -0.02259 0.00443
Uganda 2000/01 84.0 84.6 86.7 84.9 73.7 83.0 1.140 10.300 -0.02378 0.00427
Zambia 1996 90.1 93.6 92.9 96.1 90.7 92.5 0.993 0.600 0.00427 0.00265
Zambia 2001 88.6 90.2 91.1 93.4 92.1 91.0 0.962 3.500 0.01189 0.00291
Zimbabwe 1994 79.4 82.5 73.1 71.0 54.5 72.4 1.457 24.900 -0.07884 0.00796
Zimbabwe 1999 89.2 86.3 79.5 77.9 68.5 79.9 1.302 20.700 -0.05573 0.00557
G. ALL COUNTRIES 42.1 45.4 47.3 48.4 46.5 45.8 0.904 4.469 -0.01477 0.01697
- 114 -
ANTENATAL CARE VISITS TO A MEDICALLY-TRAINED PERSON MULTIPLE TIMES

Cambodia 2000 9.4 12.8 14.1 21.5 56.9 20.1 0.165 47.500 0.31388 0.01537
Indonesia 1997 65.9 81.8 87.1 92.5 96.1 84.0 0.686 30.200 0.08080 0.00206
Indonesia 2002/03 74.8 87.9 90.9 94.2 98.0 88.7 0.763 23.168 0.05390 0.00168
Philippines 1998 64.1 74.0 83.9 89.1 92.8 79.0 0.691 28.700 0.07952 0.00397
Philippines 2003 71.1 79.6 84.7 91.4 93.3 82.8 0.762 22.182 0.05961 0.00366
Vietnam 1997 15.3 29.9 34.8 41.6 72.7 35.6 0.210 57.400 0.29185 0.01656
Vietnam 2002 34.0 54.1 62.1 65.7 85.2 58.6 0.399 51.200 0.17231 0.01197
Armenia 2000 46.8 67.1 83.6 84.2 91.1 73.6 0.514 44.300 0.12273 0.00956
Kazakhstan 1995 83.5 88.7 81.7 87.0 93.6 86.2 0.892 10.100 0.01286 0.00872
Kazakhstan 1999 71.4 71.4 74.2 73.5 78.4 73.5 0.911 7.000 0.00521 0.01079
Kyrgyzstan 1997 83.2 82.0 87.0 84.2 84.4 84.1 0.986 1.200 0.00375 0.00715
Turkey 1993 19.2 33.2 48.1 68.1 84.2 49.3 0.228 65.000 0.26752 0.00896
Turkey 1998 22.6 37.7 58.4 72.3 90.9 55.4 0.249 68.300 0.25560 0.00788
Uzbekistan 1996 82.4 82.8 79.3 84.5 84.4 82.5 0.976 2.000 0.00923 0.00784
Bolivia 1998 27.6 47.8 62.2 81.7 91.3 59.1 0.302 63.700 0.22573 0.00538
Bolivia 2003 44.6 60.7 71.0 80.7 93.4 68.1 0.477 48.897 0.12385 0.00406
Brazil 1996 64.0 82.9 91.5 95.6 96.7 84.3 0.662 32.700 0.09313 0.00428
Colombia 1995 56.2 78.3 87.9 93.4 96.2 81.3 0.584 40.000 0.10220 0.00441
Colombia 2000 68.7 83.0 90.8 94.4 93.7 85.4 0.733 25.000 0.06346 0.00431
Colombia 2005 75.9 86.8 92.1 94.4 96.3 88.4 0.788 20.451 0.05941 0.00226
Guatemala 1995 68.1 72.2 77.2 83.0 94.1 77.5 0.724 26.000 0.06379 0.00412
Guatemala 1998/99 65.4 76.1 84.9 85.8 95.7 80.7 0.683 30.300 0.08415 0.00535
Haiti 1994/95 26.4 38.5 52.7 68.8 81.6 51.6 0.324 55.200 0.21980 0.01018
Haiti 2000 41.0 52.0 62.5 70.3 82.0 61.1 0.500 41.000 0.13210 0.00668
Nicaragua 1997/98 55.3 71.7 78.8 84.5 91.3 74.5 0.606 36.000 0.10037 0.00419
Nicaragua 2001 57.7 76.4 83.0 89.6 92.5 78.5 0.624 34.800 0.09395 0.00428
Paraguay 1990 66.3 72.8 81.5 92.0 94.8 81.1 0.699 28.500 0.08110 0.00517
Peru 1996 28.7 54.9 71.5 81.8 93.7 62.3 0.306 65.000 0.21707 0.00326
Peru 2000 53.6 70.3 83.7 91.9 95.9 76.3 0.559 42.300 0.11735 0.00298
Egypt 1995 11.1 15.6 31.7 45.6 75.3 34.9 0.147 64.200 0.35800 0.00742
Egypt 2000 19.4 28.7 41.8 53.8 73.6 43.7 0.264 54.200 0.26140 0.00616
Jordan 1997 83.7 89.3 92.0 93.5 94.9 90.5 0.882 11.200 0.06744 0.00518
Morocco 1992 2.1 6.0 14.1 33.2 54.2 20.0 0.039 52.100 0.52148 0.01922
Morocco 2003/04 20.7 38.1 52.5 71.0 82.3 51.1 0.252 61.590 0.22628 0.00699
Yemen 1997 3.4 7.2 11.6 22.3 45.6 17.4 0.075 42.200 0.53113 0.01491
E. SOUTH ASIA 12.6 17.5 26.0 37.5 65.0 29.7 0.193 52.461 0.39526 0.01222
Bangladesh 1996/97 5.5 5.9 7.0 11.6 41.1 13.0 0.134 35.600 0.46904 0.02705
Bangladesh 1999/2000 4.7 6.9 10.6 18.8 50.2 16.4 0.094 45.500 0.55342 0.01956
Bangladesh 2004 10.4 17.5 23.7 32.1 60.1 27.1 0.173 49.742 0.37335 0.01207
India 1992/93 21.6 30.4 42.8 56.9 81.4 44.1 0.265 59.800 0.28544 0.00295
India 1998/99 21.1 30.5 43.9 60.3 81.0 44.2 0.260 59.900 0.28457 0.00321
Nepal 1996 10.4 16.6 16.8 22.4 47.9 20.6 0.217 37.500 0.30984 0.01874
Nepal 2001 13.3 18.0 29.3 35.7 62.4 29.1 0.213 49.100 0.31384 0.01242
Pakistan 1990/91 5.5 3.9 7.3 22.0 56.6 18.3 0.097 51.100 0.60926 0.02116
- 115 -
ANTENATAL CARE VISITS TO A MEDICALLY-TRAINED PERSON MULTIPLE TIMES (Cont.)

Benin 1996 45.6 59.1 74.0 80.9 92.1 67.7 0.495 46.500 0.14230 0.00712
Benin 2001 59.3 69.3 77.7 87.7 92.4 76.3 0.642 33.100 0.09192 0.00517
Burkina Faso 1992/93 26.1 31.4 32.9 49.7 74.5 42.3 0.350 48.454 0.26486 0.00927
Burkina Faso 1998/99 35.5 38.0 39.7 48.0 71.4 45.4 0.497 35.900 0.16011 0.00950
Burkina Faso 2003 32.5 34.7 45.9 50.8 74.5 46.7 0.436 41.995 0.16937 0.00679
Cameroon 1991 39.5 54.5 63.4 78.0 89.1 65.4 0.443 49.600 0.16049 0.00807
Cameroon 1998 47.4 59.4 76.1 80.3 88.1 67.9 0.538 40.700 0.12804 0.00835
Cameroon 2004 53.9 64.4 80.3 88.6 91.7 74.5 0.587 37.825 0.10815 0.00448
Chad 1996/97 8.0 13.4 18.1 30.7 59.4 24.9 0.135 51.400 0.43944 0.01364
Chad 2004 4.9 19.8 27.4 37.5 64.4 30.5 0.077 59.439 0.41482 0.01075
Comoros 1996 41.4 61.2 74.3 81.8 87.9 67.3 0.471 46.500 0.14301 0.01237
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 26.0 43.6 45.7 62.5 75.0 48.7 0.347 49.000 0.19513 0.00899
Eritrea 1995 20.6 21.2 29.3 57.0 83.7 38.3 0.246 63.100 0.34190 0.01442
Ethiopia 2000 6.7 9.0 10.8 14.1 44.9 16.1 0.149 38.200 0.55577 0.01745
Gabon 2000 70.0 82.6 89.2 91.6 93.5 85.4 0.749 23.500 0.06250 0.00459
Ghana 1993 60.2 62.5 71.2 86.0 91.7 73.6 0.656 31.500 0.09093 0.00716
Ghana 1998 58.6 72.7 77.0 81.9 91.3 74.4 0.642 32.700 0.07937 0.00629
Ghana 2003 69.4 76.3 80.8 86.8 94.1 80.3 0.737 24.738 0.06166 0.00517
Guinea 1999 48.4 46.1 60.9 75.4 85.1 62.0 0.569 36.700 0.13195 0.00664
Kenya 1993 76.3 85.1 83.9 84.9 87.7 83.4 0.870 11.360 0.02475 0.00420
Kenya 1998 77.4 78.5 82.4 84.3 86.5 81.4 0.895 9.100 0.01879 0.00515
Kenya 2003 64.0 75.5 75.9 78.4 84.3 75.5 0.759 20.281 0.07126 0.00522
Madagascar 1997 55.2 58.1 61.5 72.3 82.6 63.9 0.668 27.400 0.09551 0.00708
Malawi 1992 73.6 75.8 82.8 89.8 88.8 82.0 0.829 15.200 0.04066 0.00510
Malawi 2000 76.9 78.3 78.4 82.2 85.7 80.0 0.897 8.800 0.02284 0.00316
Mali 1995/96 10.8 21.3 31.7 43.8 69.6 34.3 0.155 58.800 0.32089 0.00982
Mali 2001 24.7 29.3 30.8 45.8 73.8 40.0 0.335 49.100 0.22935 0.00758
Mauritania 2000/01 16.3 32.6 50.0 61.1 75.1 46.5 0.217 58.800 0.26528 0.00909
Mozambique 1997 30.0 49.0 47.3 72.3 75.1 52.7 0.399 45.100 0.17033 0.00833
Mozambique 2003 52.8 66.1 72.7 86.1 90.0 71.8 0.587 37.184 0.10496 0.00408
Namibia 1992 61.9 69.4 67.6 65.0 76.0 68.2 0.814 14.100 0.03911 0.00789
Namibia 2000 71.6 76.0 82.7 77.1 84.2 78.4 0.850 12.600 0.02639 0.00573
Niger 1998 13.5 15.1 16.5 27.4 63.7 25.7 0.212 50.200 0.39439 0.01508
Nigeria 1990 32.3 42.8 63.2 69.3 90.2 57.4 0.358 57.900 0.21842 0.00577
Nigeria 2003 30.7 33.5 52.0 72.5 90.8 53.8 0.338 60.161 0.21830 0.00742
Rwanda 2000 40.0 45.4 44.7 45.7 59.6 47.3 0.671 19.600 0.07459 0.00819
Senegal 1997 43.5 52.5 64.5 74.1 83.6 62.6 0.520 40.100 0.13619 0.00623
South Africa 1998 78.2 83.9 82.8 82.7 90.2 83.1 0.867 12.000 0.02309 0.00413
Tanzania 1996 81.0 88.2 89.5 88.7 90.5 87.5 0.895 9.500 0.01631 0.00345
Tanzania 1999 82.0 84.4 83.0 89.0 92.5 86.1 0.886 10.500 0.01406 0.00413
Tanzania 2004 80.2 85.5 85.3 88.3 91.3 86.0 0.879 11.087 0.02748 0.00310
Togo 1998 49.5 60.3 72.4 78.4 89.6 67.7 0.552 40.100 0.11194 0.00608
Uganda 1995 65.7 64.5 71.0 74.8 83.9 71.6 0.783 18.200 0.05684 0.00533
Uganda 2000/01 58.5 62.9 67.6 73.6 85.7 69.0 0.683 27.200 0.07981 0.00549
Zambia 1996 80.7 84.1 85.2 90.1 91.8 86.2 0.879 11.100 0.02606 0.00346
Zambia 2001 80.4 85.2 86.8 90.2 91.9 86.6 0.875 11.500 0.02807 0.00347
Zimbabwe 1994 83.0 86.1 85.3 89.0 90.9 86.7 0.913 7.900 0.01584 0.00482
Zimbabwe 1999 84.1 80.1 77.0 71.4 68.6 75.9 1.226 15.500 -0.04374 0.00612
G. ALL COUNTRIES 48.3 56.5 63.4 70.7 82.4 63.2 0.586 34.102 0.15956 0.00741
- 116 -
TETANUS TOXOID

Cambodia 2000 30.5 38.3 44.0 49.7 74.8 44.8 0.408 44.300 0.15338 0.00764
Indonesia 1997 55.6 70.1 77.9 81.7 83.8 73.2 0.663 28.200 0.07603 0.00279
Indonesia 2002/03 57.4 69.9 75.2 80.4 80.3 72.1 0.714 22.932 0.05543 0.00288
Philippines 1998 62.7 71.1 75.7 68.2 60.1 67.6 1.043 2.600 0.02607 0.00589
Philippines 2003 61.6 73.2 76.1 74.5 70.2 70.7 0.878 8.572 0.03352 0.00553
Vietnam 1997 59.4 71.6 71.9 77.6 90.3 72.3 0.658 30.900 0.08195 0.00831
Vietnam 2002 68.5 86.7 91.0 90.5 96.4 85.6 0.711 27.900 0.06664 0.00749

Turkey 1993 28.9 47.0 53.5 52.4 37.4 44.1 0.773 8.500 0.04592 0.01315
Turkey 1998 35.3 47.7 50.7 50.7 38.5 44.8 0.917 3.200 0.07737 0.01319
Bolivia 1998 33.0 47.5 52.1 60.4 56.1 49.0 0.588 23.100 0.10665 0.00840
Bolivia 2003 39.0 50.3 58.2 61.0 61.6 53.3 0.633 22.589 0.06187 0.00651
Brazil 1996 58.7 63.6 62.0 53.2 54.7 58.8 1.073 4.000 -0.00552 0.00800
Colombia 1995 83.2 85.4 82.7 77.6 69.7 80.4 1.194 13.500 -0.02369 0.00477
Colombia 2000 84.8 83.4 83.2 85.3 77.7 83.1 1.091 7.100 -0.00058 0.00438
Colombia 2005 82.8 86.0 87.5 86.3 84.5 85.5 0.980 1.702 0.01079 0.00236
Guatemala 1995 51.4 55.6 58.0 57.3 45.4 53.9 1.132 6.000 0.03794 0.00741
Guatemala 1998/99 49.8 55.9 67.2 65.1 50.9 57.7 0.978 1.100 0.06733 0.00949
Haiti 1994/95 50.5 64.4 69.5 77.4 70.0 65.9 0.721 19.500 0.06889 0.00912
Haiti 2000 63.2 63.7 72.6 77.9 76.8 70.8 0.823 13.600 0.03630 0.00586
Nicaragua 1997/98 78.9 86.5 89.1 89.4 88.0 86.0 0.897 9.100 0.02400 0.00307
Nicaragua 2001 76.7 83.9 86.2 86.8 83.5 83.1 0.919 6.800 0.02176 0.00395
Paraguay 1990 74.8 81.6 87.9 93.8 95.0 86.3 0.787 20.200 0.05561 0.00443
Peru 1996 61.3 74.7 79.6 79.7 72.7 73.2 0.843 11.400 0.05117 0.00331
Peru 2000 66.3 72.6 79.4 80.5 73.0 73.9 0.908 6.700 0.02409 0.00361
Egypt 1995 62.9 68.1 74.0 76.8 63.4 68.9 0.992 0.500 0.01769 0.00470
Egypt 2000 64.4 74.9 78.8 79.2 62.2 72.1 1.035 2.200 0.00117 0.00457
Jordan 1997 41.4 39.6 41.0 37.8 33.0 38.8 1.255 8.400 0.00368 0.01019
Morocco 1992 83.9 87.3 86.7 82.7 71.8 82.8 1.169 12.100 -0.02651 0.00489
Morocco 2003/04 21.9 28.9 31.2 32.4 24.6 27.7 0.889 2.735 0.04365 0.01295
Yemen 1997 8.8 9.2 13.5 23.4 37.9 18.1 0.232 29.100 0.36051 0.01469
E. SOUTH ASIA 46.8 53.7 60.8 70.0 82.2 61.4 0.570 35.341 0.16058 0.00638
Bangladesh 1996/97 70.0 70.9 74.7 79.4 90.2 76.3 0.776 20.200 0.05070 0.00446
Bangladesh 1999/2000 70.5 77.7 82.0 88.1 93.2 81.2 0.756 22.700 0.06003 0.00364
Bangladesh 2004 77.4 82.0 86.8 88.7 92.2 84.8 0.840 14.765 0.04035 0.00325
India 1992/93 41.0 49.9 62.3 77.0 92.7 62.4 0.442 51.700 0.18133 0.00204
India 1998/99 56.9 67.5 79.1 88.3 95.5 75.5 0.596 38.600 0.11879 0.00178
Nepal 1996 29.1 44.3 48.2 51.5 70.5 46.3 0.413 41.400 0.16872 0.00936
Nepal 2001 37.1 47.0 57.9 63.8 78.3 54.6 0.474 41.200 0.16005 0.00708
Pakistan 1990/91 15.9 18.5 19.3 39.1 62.7 30.5 0.254 46.800 0.32311 0.01341
- 117 -
TETANUS TOXOID (Cont.)

Benin 1996 53.4 67.9 81.5 81.7 82.4 71.8 0.648 29.000 0.09144 0.00710
Benin 2001 63.6 66.4 73.2 76.3 74.4 70.5 0.855 10.800 0.03947 0.00637
Burkina Faso 1992/93 53.1 53.7 53.8 67.5 87.3 62.6 0.608 34.221 0.12850 0.00633
Burkina Faso 1998/99 45.1 53.7 50.7 54.9 78.9 55.8 0.572 33.792 0.11330 0.00739
Burkina Faso 2003 54.2 57.8 64.1 67.6 81.8 64.5 0.663 27.613 0.07849 0.00478
Cameroon 1991 43.6 56.9 69.0 84.5 87.7 68.8 0.497 44.100 0.12740 0.00788
Cameroon 1998 54.1 59.8 80.6 82.3 82.9 70.1 0.653 28.800 0.09278 0.00813
Cameroon 2004 59.1 70.1 76.4 81.1 79.4 72.5 0.744 20.305 0.05695 0.00513
Chad 1996/97 11.1 20.3 23.4 37.9 68.9 31.3 0.161 57.800 0.38198 0.01095
Chad 2004 11.8 34.0 39.3 51.6 72.5 41.8 0.163 60.671 0.29332 0.00844
Comoros 1996 51.2 53.6 57.4 64.2 57.1 56.4 0.897 5.900 0.03750 0.01672
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 53.6 72.7 74.4 89.0 90.4 74.8 0.593 36.800 0.10173 0.00541
Eritrea 1995 20.5 20.4 25.8 50.8 70.7 34.4 0.290 50.200 0.32634 0.01569
Ethiopia 2000 19.2 19.7 20.4 25.2 51.1 26.2 0.376 31.900 0.29497 0.01181
Gabon 2000 68.6 78.2 84.8 86.6 80.8 80.0 0.849 12.200 0.04277 0.00572
Ghana 1993 66.9 70.0 74.5 86.3 90.2 77.1 0.742 23.300 0.06257 0.00658
Ghana 1998 71.9 80.5 82.5 85.5 92.7 81.4 0.776 20.800 0.05000 0.00534
Ghana 2003 75.6 80.4 85.4 89.7 89.8 83.4 0.841 14.289 0.04245 0.00498
Guinea 1999 54.1 57.8 70.7 85.1 94.4 71.1 0.573 40.300 0.11965 0.00532
Kenya 1993 83.6 89.3 89.6 91.5 92.0 89.1 0.908 8.433 0.01632 0.00343
Kenya 1998 87.2 87.8 91.0 92.4 92.3 89.9 0.945 5.100 0.01321 0.00368
Kenya 2003 71.5 87.6 88.9 90.2 90.4 85.4 0.790 18.976 0.05121 0.00446
Madagascar 1997 45.1 48.5 45.6 53.7 58.3 49.3 0.774 13.200 0.05766 0.01018
Malawi 1992 79.2 82.9 89.1 91.5 93.5 87.1 0.847 14.300 0.03103 0.00409
Malawi 2000 78.8 81.2 80.2 82.9 85.5 81.5 0.922 6.700 0.01789 0.00302
Mali 1995/96 31.2 41.2 47.5 59.8 82.1 51.4 0.380 50.900 0.18628 0.00707
Mali 2001 35.1 37.4 37.7 55.0 81.3 48.5 0.432 46.200 0.17250 0.00641
Mauritania 2000/01 23.0 28.6 42.2 44.9 54.5 38.4 0.422 31.500 0.16805 0.01222
Mozambique 1997 15.2 25.4 26.7 51.2 57.7 33.9 0.263 42.500 0.25553 0.01250
Mozambique 2003 60.5 73.2 79.3 86.6 85.6 75.7 0.707 25.116 0.07000 0.00393
Namibia 1992 66.1 69.7 68.5 62.2 51.2 63.0 1.291 14.900 -0.05247 0.00891
Niger 1998 23.1 24.7 26.1 39.2 66.5 34.5 0.347 43.400 0.25425 0.01168
Nigeria 1990 31.5 36.9 58.5 65.9 81.1 52.8 0.388 49.600 0.20983 0.00651
Nigeria 2003 28.6 29.8 48.1 69.4 88.0 50.8 0.325 59.398 0.21755 0.00820
Rwanda 2000 63.1 63.4 61.4 63.5 72.9 64.8 0.866 9.800 0.03515 0.00561
Senegal 1997 74.2 77.3 86.3 92.9 91.9 84.0 0.807 17.700 0.05079 0.00371
South Africa 1998 72.0 68.7 63.3 46.4 27.3 57.9 2.637 44.700 -0.09114 0.00764
Tanzania 1996 87.0 90.6 92.7 94.3 96.4 92.1 0.902 9.400 0.02018 0.00267
Tanzania 1999 76.0 80.2 82.5 86.8 88.6 82.7 0.858 12.600 0.01940 0.00528
Tanzania 2004 78.0 78.5 75.2 81.6 86.1 79.7 0.906 8.089 0.00764 0.00394
Togo 1998 48.5 53.1 67.9 68.4 76.9 61.3 0.631 28.400 0.08197 0.00747
Uganda 1995 77.1 77.2 81.1 80.1 83.8 79.7 0.920 6.700 0.02244 0.00440
Uganda 2000/01 65.8 62.8 70.9 70.1 79.9 69.5 0.824 14.100 0.04815 0.00551
Zambia 1996 80.0 81.1 84.6 85.5 89.0 83.9 0.899 9.000 0.02232 0.00372
Zambia 2001 70.0 74.7 70.9 78.7 81.1 74.8 0.863 11.100 0.02569 0.00504
Zimbabwe 1994 79.2 79.7 81.5 89.3 80.1 82.0 0.989 0.900 0.00743 0.00622
Zimbabwe 1999 82.3 78.7 78.3 78.4 79.0 79.3 1.042 3.300 -0.00919 0.00549
G. ALL COUNTRIES 53.6 59.6 64.1 68.9 73.0 63.3 0.734 19.409 0.08825 0.00707
- 118 -
PROPHYLACTIC ANTIMALARIAL TREATMENT

Cambodia 2000 2.8 2.0 1.8 3.1 1.9 2.3 1.474 0.900 0.09934 0.05681


Colombia 2000 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.8 - 1.500 -0.44616 0.10774
Colombia 2005 2.0 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.8 - 1.977 -0.61416 0.08297

- 119 -
PROPHYLACTIC ANTIMALARIAL TREATMENT (Cont.)

Benin 2001 71.2 77.3 86.2 87.0 92.6 82.2 0.769 21.400 0.05466 0.00449
Burkina Faso 2003 48.4 53.2 62.9 69.1 87.4 63.3 0.554 39.003 0.11240 0.00463
Cameroon 2004 32.4 47.9 64.1 73.9 82.3 58.4 0.393 49.913 0.17113 0.00621
Chad 2004 11.1 25.3 34.9 40.7 56.4 33.6 0.196 45.363 0.25775 0.01021
Ethiopia 2000 3.5 3.0 3.9 7.1 7.1 4.8 0.493 3.600 0.12888 0.03082
Gabon 2000 63.3 78.9 83.9 84.3 86.4 79.5 0.733 23.100 0.05889 0.00582
Ghana 2003 43.9 56.5 56.4 67.0 67.6 57.1 0.649 23.739 0.10220 0.00970
Kenya 2003 20.2 18.7 21.0 17.9 19.5 19.5 1.035 0.683 0.01109 0.01785
Malawi 2000 60.7 63.6 65.7 72.0 82.6 68.3 0.735 21.900 0.06147 0.00416
Mali 2001 48.5 51.1 52.7 65.7 86.6 60.2 0.560 38.100 0.11742 0.00507
Mauritania 2000/01 23.7 30.6 33.6 33.5 27.8 29.8 0.853 4.100 0.03581 0.01484
Nigeria 2003 22.1 24.6 29.6 41.9 60.9 34.6 0.363 38.797 0.19363 0.01224
Rwanda 2000 6.6 4.4 7.2 9.6 11.8 7.9 0.559 5.200 0.20403 0.02920
Tanzania 1999 26.8 31.1 27.5 33.9 43.4 32.4 0.618 16.600 0.07914 0.01693
Tanzania 2004 44.7 44.9 46.2 53.9 56.5 49.0 0.790 11.860 0.02725 0.00759
Uganda 2000/01 26.7 30.2 34.8 38.8 40.3 33.8 0.663 13.600 0.07785 0.01190
Zambia 2001 32.0 36.9 36.3 35.4 31.0 34.4 1.032 1.000 0.01796 0.01233
Zimbabwe 1999 25.6 29.0 30.0 19.3 11.1 22.6 2.306 14.500 -0.10013 0.01810
- 120 -
IRON SUPPLEMENTATION

Cambodia 2000 11.9 15.5 18.3 23.2 44.4 20.7 0.268 32.500 0.24881 0.01502
Indonesia 2002/03 63.7 77.3 80.6 85.4 87.4 78.4 0.729 23.686 0.06818 0.00245
Philippines 1998 59.4 72.8 81.2 84.0 89.9 75.6 0.661 30.500 0.09512 0.00437
Philippines 2003 64.7 75.3 80.6 82.2 86.9 76.8 0.745 22.196 0.06572 0.00444

Armenia 2000 11.6 19.9 22.2 21.8 21.4 19.2 0.542 9.800 0.13148 0.03408
Kazakhstan 1999 45.3 43.1 45.9 50.6 57.2 48.1 0.792 11.900 0.06244 0.01866
Bolivia 2003 47.7 57.7 63.0 67.5 78.7 61.6 0.605 31.050 0.07549 0.00509
Colombia 2000 58.3 69.3 74.3 79.5 82.9 72.0 0.703 24.600 0.06553 0.00608
Colombia 2005 61.6 73.2 81.6 81.7 85.4 75.9 0.722 23.721 0.06992 0.00317
Guatemala 1998/99 35.2 49.6 63.1 76.2 92.4 61.7 0.381 57.200 0.17966 0.00706
Haiti 2000 42.2 46.8 61.6 63.1 74.0 57.1 0.570 31.800 0.11081 0.00739
Nicaragua 2001 62.7 78.4 82.6 84.7 91.4 78.9 0.686 28.700 0.07033 0.00417
Egypt 2000 13.4 16.1 22.8 29.5 50.3 26.5 0.266 36.900 0.27619 0.01041
Morocco 2003/04 17.3 28.7 37.9 49.7 64.6 38.3 0.267 47.311 0.22238 0.00970
Yemen 1997 10.8 14.8 19.8 27.3 40.2 22.1 0.269 29.400 0.28866 0.01258
E. SOUTH ASIA 26.2 35.1 43.4 52.9 70.6 43.6 0.371 44.441 0.22802 0.00839
Bangladesh 1999/2000 21.2 30.0 33.8 43.7 62.8 36.4 0.338 41.600 0.23414 0.00981
Bangladesh 2004 31.6 44.6 48.1 57.3 76.1 50.0 0.415 44.522 0.17923 0.00701
India 1998/99 36.8 46.9 60.7 73.1 84.9 58.0 0.433 48.100 0.18462 0.00250
Nepal 1996 4.2 8.1 7.5 10.8 29.7 10.6 0.141 25.500 0.37993 0.02997
Nepal 2001 10.2 13.7 21.3 28.3 50.9 22.7 0.200 40.700 0.32021 0.01564
- 121 -
IRON SUPPLEMENTATION (Cont.)

Benin 2001 71.8 80.0 85.9 91.2 95.0 84.1 0.756 23.200 0.05688 0.00410
Burkina Faso 2003 55.5 60.4 70.5 74.5 88.4 69.3 0.627 32.970 0.09532 0.00420
Cameroon 2004 50.2 61.5 80.9 88.0 93.5 73.4 0.537 43.316 0.11930 0.00450
Chad 2004 7.6 16.2 27.5 36.4 57.7 28.7 0.131 50.178 0.37049 0.01198
Eritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na 0.18172 0.01984
Gabon 2000 54.5 66.3 73.5 69.7 74.9 67.9 0.728 20.400 0.05990 0.00708
Ghana 1998 69.5 75.3 81.3 83.0 89.1 78.4 0.780 19.600 0.05839 0.00600
Ghana 2003 68.1 79.4 82.3 83.9 85.7 79.1 0.795 17.582 0.05865 0.00580
Kenya 2003 46.3 47.0 46.9 42.0 45.8 45.7 1.011 0.484 0.01752 0.01000
Malawi 2000 64.2 65.8 65.0 71.7 71.3 67.3 0.900 7.100 0.02586 0.00448
Mali 2001 25.5 25.5 27.1 40.2 57.2 34.5 0.446 31.700 0.14197 0.01244
Mauritania 2000/01 40.8 57.0 65.7 66.3 72.5 60.3 0.563 31.700 0.08852 0.01028
Mozambique 2003 40.4 52.0 56.6 73.3 88.8 60.2 0.455 48.416 0.15244 0.00503
Niger 1998 5.9 7.5 8.2 11.0 25.8 11.1 0.229 19.900 na na
Nigeria 2003 36.4 37.0 57.8 75.0 92.9 57.9 0.392 56.529 0.18647 0.00695
Rwanda 2000 17.7 18.7 20.2 20.8 25.5 20.6 0.694 7.800 0.09218 0.01586
Tanzania 1999 37.9 41.2 42.4 48.4 53.0 44.4 0.715 15.100 0.06410 0.01265
Tanzania 2004 59.3 64.3 58.5 59.5 64.1 61.1 0.926 4.758 -0.00053 0.00620
Uganda 2000/01 48.5 44.6 49.5 51.6 65.1 51.4 0.745 16.600 0.06194 0.00903
Zambia 2001 71.8 73.4 72.2 66.2 68.9 70.6 1.042 2.900 -0.01087 0.00569
Zimbabwe 1999 60.0 61.3 58.0 59.8 58.7 59.6 1.022 1.300 0.00184 0.00897
G. ALL COUNTRIES 41.4 47.8 53.4 58.1 67.5 52.9 0.613 26.114 0.12236 0.00898
- 122 -
DELIVERY ATTENDED BY A MEDICALLY-TRAINED PERSON

Cambodia 2000 14.7 21.3 27.4 40.7 81.2 31.8 0.181 66.500 0.31138 0.00888
Indonesia 1997 21.3 34.8 48.1 64.4 89.2 49.1 0.239 67.900 0.28647 0.00315
Indonesia 2002/03 39.9 56.1 68.7 80.6 93.6 66.2 0.426 53.757 0.17487 0.00262
Philippines 1998 21.2 45.9 72.8 83.9 91.9 56.4 0.231 70.700 0.27632 0.00441
Philippines 2003 25.1 51.4 72.4 84.4 92.3 59.8 0.272 67.262 0.24967 0.00437
Vietnam 1997 49.0 78.4 84.2 93.6 99.2 77.0 0.494 50.200 0.13787 0.00681
Vietnam 2002 58.1 86.0 95.1 97.4 99.7 85.1 0.583 41.600 0.10092 0.00710
Armenia 2000 93.3 94.2 99.4 98.8 100.0 96.8 0.933 6.700 0.01628 0.00269
Kazakhstan 1995 99.4 100.0 98.8 100.0 100.0 99.6 0.994 0.600 0.00108 0.00108
Kazakhstan 1999 99.2 99.6 98.6 99.0 98.5 99.0 1.007 0.700 0.00111 0.00182
Kyrgyzstan 1997 96.0 98.2 98.1 99.7 100.0 98.1 0.960 4.000 0.00445 0.00178
Turkey 1993 43.4 71.0 84.3 95.5 98.9 76.0 0.439 55.500 0.14212 0.00523
Turkey 1998 53.4 77.7 88.9 95.2 98.2 80.6 0.544 44.800 0.12310 0.00513
Uzbekistan 1996 91.7 100.0 99.0 99.3 100.0 97.5 0.917 8.300 0.01501 0.00390
Bolivia 1998 19.8 44.8 67.7 87.9 97.9 56.7 0.202 78.100 0.29662 0.00413
Bolivia 2003 26.6 49.7 69.9 87.6 98.4 60.8 0.270 71.818 0.22564 0.00371
Brazil 1996 71.6 88.7 95.7 97.7 98.6 87.7 0.726 27.000 0.08182 0.00356
Colombia 1995 60.6 85.2 92.8 98.9 98.1 84.5 0.618 37.500 0.10278 0.00387
Colombia 2000 64.3 85.6 94.7 98.6 98.6 86.4 0.652 34.300 0.08616 0.00367
Colombia 2005 72.0 94.0 97.3 98.9 99.3 90.7 0.725 27.350 0.07520 0.00208
Guatemala 1995 9.3 16.1 31.1 62.8 91.5 34.8 0.102 82.200 0.36543 0.00766
Guatemala 1998/99 8.8 17.8 38.8 73.5 91.9 40.6 0.096 83.100 0.36103 0.00905
Haiti 1994/95 24.0 37.3 47.4 60.7 78.2 46.3 0.307 54.200 0.22404 0.00955
Haiti 2000 4.1 9.4 13.5 37.9 70.0 24.2 0.059 65.900 0.45698 0.01232
Nicaragua 1997/98 32.9 58.8 79.8 86.0 92.3 64.6 0.356 59.400 0.20938 0.00404
Nicaragua 2001 77.5 88.5 95.0 97.2 99.3 89.7 0.780 21.800 0.05667 0.00275
Paraguay 1990 41.2 49.9 69.0 87.9 98.1 66.0 0.420 56.900 0.19569 0.00526
Peru 1996 13.7 48.0 75.1 90.3 96.6 56.4 0.142 82.900 0.31919 0.00255
Peru 2000 13.0 34.3 62.2 74.8 87.5 46.9 0.149 74.500 0.31759 0.00433
Egypt 1995 20.5 29.8 47.0 62.1 86.4 46.2 0.237 65.900 0.29115 0.00474
Egypt 2000 31.4 45.5 61.1 76.2 94.2 60.9 0.333 62.800 0.21894 0.00355
Jordan 1997 91.2 97.5 98.4 98.0 99.3 96.6 0.918 8.100 0.04834 0.00268
Morocco 1992 5.1 13.6 28.3 55.1 77.9 30.8 0.065 72.800 0.47385 0.00988
Morocco 2003/04 29.4 49.4 70.3 86.1 95.4 62.6 0.309 65.949 0.21363 0.00464
Yemen 1997 6.8 13.2 15.6 28.7 49.7 21.7 0.137 42.900 0.41622 0.01058
E. SOUTH ASIA 7.0 10.4 17.0 28.3 56.0 21.8 0.125 49.047 0.49974 0.01564
Bangladesh 1996/97 1.8 2.5 4.0 9.0 29.8 8.1 0.060 28.000 0.61348 0.03288
Bangladesh 1999/2000 3.5 4.9 6.5 14.0 42.1 12.1 0.083 38.600 0.61741 0.02359
Bangladesh 2004 3.3 4.3 10.2 17.0 39.4 13.2 0.084 36.088 0.56602 0.02048
India 1992/93 11.9 18.2 30.1 47.9 78.7 34.3 0.151 66.800 0.37935 0.00337
India 1998/99 16.4 25.9 42.0 60.6 84.4 42.4 0.194 68.000 0.32203 0.00308
Nepal 1996 2.9 5.2 6.4 9.1 33.7 9.6 0.086 30.800 0.51143 0.03395
Nepal 2001 3.6 4.9 9.9 14.3 45.1 12.9 0.080 41.500 0.51203 0.02170
Pakistan 1990/91 4.6 6.6 6.0 21.5 55.2 18.6 0.083 50.600 0.59890 0.01727
- 123 -
DELIVERY ATTENDED BY A MEDICALLY-TRAINED PERSON (Cont.)

Benin 1996 34.4 53.1 66.1 87.6 97.5 63.9 0.353 63.100 0.20346 0.00665
Benin 2001 49.6 60.5 76.9 90.2 99.3 72.9 0.499 49.700 0.14361 0.00436
Burkina Faso 1992/93 26.0 26.8 29.9 46.5 86.1 41.4 0.302 60.072 0.32740 0.00753
Burkina Faso 1998/99 17.9 20.8 21.9 32.4 75.0 30.9 0.239 57.100 0.35381 0.01106
Burkina Faso 2003 18.7 24.3 31.8 45.3 84.5 37.8 0.222 65.724 0.29563 0.00664
Cameroon 1991 32.0 48.4 57.8 81.2 94.7 63.5 0.338 62.700 0.20890 0.00637
Cameroon 1998 27.9 43.4 63.5 84.3 89.2 58.2 0.313 61.300 0.23392 0.00884
Cameroon 2004 29.4 44.7 72.6 86.6 94.5 61.9 0.311 65.154 0.22521 0.00441
Chad 1996/97 2.6 5.6 6.7 15.5 47.4 15.0 0.055 44.800 0.66574 0.01796
Chad 2004 1.4 7.2 7.9 14.8 51.4 16.1 0.027 50.056 0.73107 0.01689
Comoros 1996 26.2 40.1 54.6 67.1 84.8 51.6 0.309 58.600 0.23542 0.01418
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 16.8 29.6 45.8 65.2 83.5 45.4 0.201 66.700 0.30454 0.00818
Eritrea 1995 5.0 6.9 7.2 31.7 74.3 20.6 0.067 69.300 0.63049 0.02343
Ethiopia 2000 0.9 1.5 2.0 3.3 25.3 5.6 0.036 24.400 1.24456 0.03943
Gabon 2000 67.2 85.7 91.5 93.9 97.1 86.7 0.692 29.900 0.07707 0.00381
Ghana 1993 25.3 24.1 31.6 62.3 85.3 43.7 0.297 60.000 0.28067 0.01284
Ghana 1998 17.9 31.0 48.1 65.0 86.1 44.3 0.208 68.200 0.29790 0.00895
Ghana 2003 20.6 31.9 43.3 73.0 90.4 47.1 0.228 69.780 0.29956 0.00768
Guinea 1999 12.1 16.0 26.9 54.5 81.5 34.8 0.148 69.400 0.40156 0.00905
Kenya 1993 23.1 33.1 45.7 56.7 76.5 45.1 0.302 53.402 0.22699 0.00762
Kenya 1998 23.2 33.3 41.9 56.1 79.6 44.4 0.291 56.400 0.24185 0.01037
Kenya 2003 17.0 32.8 38.1 55.0 75.4 41.6 0.226 58.384 0.29895 0.00720
Madagascar 1997 29.6 37.0 40.5 65.0 88.5 47.3 0.334 58.900 0.23823 0.00868
Malawi 1992 44.6 46.2 50.4 58.8 77.9 54.9 0.573 33.300 0.14389 0.00709
Malawi 2000 43.0 49.4 50.9 58.5 83.0 55.6 0.518 40.000 0.13377 0.00442
Mali 1995/96 11.1 22.8 34.1 51.5 80.6 38.7 0.138 69.500 0.34284 0.00802
Mali 2001 22.0 27.0 29.4 45.8 88.7 40.6 0.248 66.700 0.27690 0.00590
Mauritania 2000/01 14.7 36.3 56.8 73.0 92.8 53.3 0.158 78.100 0.29594 0.00582
Mozambique 1997 18.1 35.2 31.4 64.0 82.1 44.2 0.220 64.000 0.29598 0.00859
Mozambique 2003 24.7 33.4 42.5 68.4 88.7 47.7 0.279 63.926 0.27062 0.00501
Namibia 1992 50.9 58.8 65.0 74.4 91.2 68.2 0.558 40.300 0.11728 0.00580
Namibia 2000 55.4 64.4 77.4 86.2 97.1 75.5 0.571 41.700 0.11912 0.00504
Niger 1998 4.2 7.1 7.6 15.5 62.8 17.6 0.067 58.600 0.65349 0.01962
Nigeria 1990 12.2 19.7 27.3 43.4 70.0 33.0 0.174 57.800 0.36522 0.00814
Nigeria 2003 12.9 19.0 27.6 51.1 84.5 36.2 0.153 71.556 0.34666 0.00913
Rwanda 2000 17.3 16.0 17.8 22.8 59.6 26.7 0.290 42.300 0.35511 0.01105
Senegal 1997 20.3 25.4 45.3 69.3 86.2 46.5 0.235 65.900 0.27628 0.00663
South Africa 1998 67.8 81.2 88.5 94.9 98.1 84.4 0.691 30.300 0.08473 0.00358
Tanzania 1996 26.7 40.4 41.2 51.8 80.9 46.7 0.330 54.200 0.20061 0.00686
Tanzania 1999 28.9 35.0 33.3 48.4 82.8 43.8 0.349 53.900 0.21340 0.00970
Tanzania 2004 31.0 35.7 37.6 53.4 86.8 46.3 0.357 55.784 0.18845 0.00672
Togo 1998 25.1 34.7 52.5 71.7 91.2 50.5 0.275 66.100 0.26757 0.00726
Uganda 1995 22.6 28.3 32.6 39.3 70.4 37.8 0.321 47.800 0.27554 0.00915
Uganda 2000/01 19.7 27.6 31.9 46.4 77.3 38.2 0.255 57.600 0.29717 0.00802
Zambia 1996 19.3 24.6 36.7 67.7 90.5 46.5 0.213 71.200 0.31358 0.00596
Zambia 2001 19.7 22.6 34.2 68.7 91.1 43.4 0.216 71.400 0.31226 0.00705
Zimbabwe 1994 55.1 59.5 65.3 77.9 92.8 69.4 0.594 37.700 0.11069 0.00713
Zimbabwe 1999 56.7 67.3 64.8 79.7 93.5 72.4 0.606 36.800 0.09013 0.00539
G. ALL COUNTRIES 35.8 45.5 54.3 67.3 85.0 55.3 0.422 49.177 0.27468 0.00801
- 124 -
DELIVERY ATTENDED BY A DOCTOR

Cambodia 2000 0.4 1.0 1.3 2.9 8.8 2.2 0.045 8.400 0.46528 0.05176
Indonesia 1997 1.4 3.1 3.7 8.1 22.5 7.0 0.062 21.100 0.61477 0.01993
Indonesia 2002/03 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.898 0.081 0.14712 0.05481
Philippines 1998 7.1 16.5 35.7 50.2 75.8 30.9 0.094 68.700 0.40060 0.00850
Philippines 2003 8.6 21.0 37.4 52.6 73.2 33.6 0.118 64.587 0.37947 0.00821
Vietnam 1997 9.4 20.9 22.6 33.3 67.4 27.0 0.139 58.000 0.37921 0.02076
Vietnam 2002 29.2 35.3 44.7 58.9 91.4 49.7 0.319 62.200 0.24346 0.01344
Armenia 2000 69.9 76.6 85.3 92.8 95.5 83.0 0.732 25.600 0.06438 0.00631
Kazakhstan 1995 69.0 75.1 72.0 89.8 95.5 78.4 0.723 26.500 0.06245 0.00920
Kazakhstan 1999 67.6 70.4 77.6 87.0 89.5 76.8 0.755 21.900 0.06092 0.00875
Kyrgyzstan 1997 49.6 51.1 55.7 75.1 83.9 60.8 0.591 34.300 0.10171 0.01183
Turkey 1993 11.6 21.8 32.1 47.2 72.3 33.7 0.160 60.700 0.31749 0.01261
Turkey 1998 16.3 27.1 39.6 56.7 76.3 40.1 0.214 60.000 0.26649 0.01139
Uzbekistan 1996 84.0 95.1 97.5 98.2 99.2 93.8 0.847 15.200 0.02826 0.00471
Bolivia 1998 14.6 39.3 64.3 85.8 97.5 52.9 0.150 82.900 0.33069 0.00424
Bolivia 2003 18.9 42.8 66.4 85.3 97.0 55.9 0.195 78.115 0.26540 0.00392
Brazil 1996 52.5 77.5 89.2 94.3 97.6 77.6 0.538 45.100 0.14618 0.00436
Colombia 1995 41.1 71.7 84.7 94.3 96.5 73.8 0.426 55.400 0.16296 0.00453
Colombia 2000 57.9 81.6 91.2 96.2 97.8 82.7 0.592 39.900 0.10085 0.00406
Colombia 2005 66.2 90.3 94.8 97.4 98.4 87.5 0.673 32.182 0.09056 0.00227
Guatemala 1995 7.0 12.6 28.0 57.0 88.8 31.4 0.079 81.800 0.37971 0.00850
Guatemala 1998/99 6.5 14.4 34.8 65.8 90.8 36.8 0.072 84.300 0.36065 0.01033
Haiti 1994/95 1.4 2.9 8.5 22.3 54.1 14.2 0.026 52.700 0.62517 0.02773
Haiti 2000 1.8 4.5 4.9 19.2 51.2 14.1 0.035 49.400 0.52053 0.02024
Nicaragua 1997/98 20.8 36.5 46.7 47.3 42.3 36.7 0.492 21.500 0.17331 0.00842
Nicaragua 2001 27.1 58.3 79.1 88.2 95.2 64.2 0.285 68.100 0.23627 0.00438
Paraguay 1990 5.2 7.5 10.3 14.4 18.9 10.5 0.275 13.700 0.27157 0.02681
Peru 1996 5.2 24.4 41.2 54.5 67.0 32.2 0.078 61.800 0.35703 0.00546
Peru 2000 6.8 21.1 47.2 60.7 79.0 35.7 0.086 72.200 0.36422 0.00578
Egypt 1995 15.5 22.9 38.7 51.3 79.6 38.9 0.195 64.100 0.31143 0.00590
Egypt 2000 25.9 37.8 53.8 65.8 88.2 53.5 0.294 62.300 0.23761 0.00422
Jordan 1997 46.5 61.8 67.9 74.5 81.2 64.9 0.573 34.700 0.13409 0.00610
Morocco 1992 0.7 1.7 3.4 8.5 21.9 5.9 0.032 21.200 0.61382 0.04001
Morocco 2003/04 4.3 5.8 14.0 20.7 43.1 15.7 0.099 38.783 0.42510 0.01796
Yemen 1997 5.1 10.4 11.5 20.4 31.2 15.0 0.163 26.100 0.36350 0.01369
E. SOUTH ASIA 3.4 6.0 10.2 18.1 42.5 14.5 0.080 39.144 0.59797 0.02323
Bangladesh 1996/97 1.3 1.5 2.3 5.4 20.2 5.2 0.064 18.900 0.62680 0.04341
Bangladesh 1999/2000 1.4 2.1 3.1 7.7 28.3 7.1 0.049 26.900 0.74022 0.03505
Bangladesh 2004 0.8 2.0 4.7 8.9 26.9 7.5 0.029 26.075 0.70375 0.03160
India 1992/93 5.2 8.6 16.0 28.7 62.4 21.5 0.083 57.200 0.49354 0.00520
India 1998/99 9.6 16.6 27.6 43.8 69.2 30.3 0.139 59.600 0.37877 0.00441
Nepal 1996 1.6 3.3 3.2 4.7 22.3 5.8 0.072 20.700 0.54943 0.04541
Nepal 2001 1.9 2.6 5.2 6.8 32.1 7.8 0.059 30.200 0.58621 0.03230
Pakistan 1990/91 1.3 2.8 3.2 12.9 42.0 12.3 0.031 40.700 0.72316 0.02460
- 125 -
DELIVERY ATTENDED BY A DOCTOR (Cont.)

Benin 1996 2.2 3.1 2.7 5.5 20.6 5.7 0.107 18.400 0.41306 0.05253
Benin 2001 1.6 1.7 2.0 4.9 16.6 4.5 0.096 15.000 0.50928 0.04892
Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.0 4.6 1.3 0.127 4.041 0.62907 0.08164
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.4 2.9 0.8 0.069 2.700 0.75585 0.12592
Burkina Faso 2003 0.3 0.9 0.6 1.1 5.2 1.4 0.065 4.828 0.40803 0.06046
Cameroon 1991 2.2 3.8 3.5 7.4 14.7 6.4 0.150 12.500 0.48688 0.04596
Cameroon 1998 3.2 4.9 8.5 13.7 16.9 8.8 0.189 13.700 0.36816 0.03957
Cameroon 2004 1.8 2.8 6.9 11.9 21.4 7.9 0.082 19.604 0.45664 0.02552
Chad 1996/97 0.4 0.1 0.6 1.1 2.8 1.0 0.143 2.400 0.64203 0.09160
Chad 2004 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.6 2.7 0.7 0.052 2.524 0.98222 0.12396
Comoros 1996 0.7 2.3 2.8 1.8 10.5 3.1 0.067 9.800 0.45552 0.12429
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 0.3 0.3 1.1 2.5 8.4 2.1 0.036 8.100 0.59863 0.08261
Eritrea 1995 1.5 1.5 1.8 11.2 33.6 7.9 0.045 32.100 0.74630 0.05027
Gabon 2000 8.2 14.1 20.1 21.4 31.9 18.5 0.257 23.700 0.21620 0.01952
Ghana 1993 2.7 0.6 3.2 8.6 21.0 6.6 0.129 18.300 0.52908 0.05857
Ghana 1998 2.7 4.0 5.6 11.0 24.7 8.0 0.109 22.000 0.40284 0.03945
Ghana 2003 1.6 3.0 3.4 10.5 20.2 6.6 0.080 18.610 0.48470 0.04399
Guinea 1999 1.5 2.0 5.3 6.1 16.4 5.6 0.091 14.900 0.47964 0.03788
Kenya 1993 5.7 9.4 11.8 13.6 23.6 12.2 0.243 17.874 0.28908 0.02177
Kenya 1998 5.1 8.0 11.6 13.5 28.0 12.3 0.182 22.900 0.34033 0.02859
Kenya 2003 4.0 7.8 7.4 13.4 27.5 11.4 0.147 23.453 0.42280 0.02343
Madagascar 1997 6.8 8.0 12.6 21.0 19.7 12.4 0.345 12.900 0.24876 0.02522
Malawi 1992 2.3 2.9 4.0 5.1 8.3 4.4 0.277 6.000 0.38097 0.04699
Malawi 2000 3.9 5.2 3.9 5.7 8.9 5.4 0.438 5.000 0.19494 0.02579
Mali 1995/96 0.1 0.3 0.3 1.2 2.0 0.7 0.050 1.900 0.49216 0.11116
Mali 2001 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.2 4.8 1.5 0.083 4.400 0.44710 0.05380
Mauritania 2000/01 3.2 7.4 8.8 11.6 19.3 9.8 0.166 16.100 0.32755 0.02853
Mozambique 1997 0.2 1.2 0.4 2.6 7.1 2.1 0.028 6.900 0.74664 0.08873
Mozambique 2003 0.2 0.5 1.1 3.2 13.2 3.0 0.013 13.066 0.66805 0.04265
Namibia 1992 3.5 4.0 7.4 13.7 41.2 14.1 0.085 37.700 0.48765 0.02657
Namibia 2000 3.3 8.3 6.7 9.1 29.5 10.7 0.112 26.200 0.42172 0.03044
Niger 1998 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.125 0.700 0.54470 0.20466
Nigeria 1990 3.3 7.1 9.7 10.6 23.7 10.3 0.139 20.400 0.43374 0.02038
Nigeria 2003 1.8 1.5 3.8 6.6 23.1 6.6 0.077 21.337 0.54229 0.03775
Rwanda 2000 3.8 4.0 3.8 6.7 21.0 8.0 0.181 17.200 0.57138 0.02896
Senegal 1997 1.0 1.3 2.3 3.8 10.4 3.4 0.096 9.400 0.36710 0.04287
South Africa 1998 14.0 17.1 28.9 38.4 68.6 30.0 0.204 54.600 0.32926 0.01189
Tanzania 1996 3.0 5.2 5.3 5.3 11.1 5.7 0.270 8.100 0.21346 0.03075
Tanzania 1999 3.2 7.4 3.8 7.1 17.8 7.4 0.180 14.600 0.22701 0.03242
Tanzania 2004 1.4 2.3 2.9 3.9 11.3 3.9 0.120 9.949 0.26290 0.03351
Togo 1998 0.5 1.1 2.9 4.8 11.0 3.4 0.045 10.500 0.49656 0.05788
Uganda 1995 1.0 1.8 2.2 4.4 11.6 4.0 0.086 10.600 0.59190 0.04668
Uganda 2000/01 1.6 1.9 2.1 3.3 12.4 3.8 0.129 10.800 0.56445 0.04635
Zambia 1996 0.3 1.3 0.9 5.4 10.9 3.6 0.028 10.600 0.53627 0.04531
Zambia 2001 0.6 1.2 1.8 4.4 10.8 3.2 0.056 10.200 0.49119 0.04749
Zimbabwe 1994 7.6 7.4 6.9 15.2 26.3 12.4 0.289 18.700 0.30794 0.03658
Zimbabwe 1999 6.8 7.0 8.4 13.4 22.3 11.6 0.305 15.500 0.25316 0.03061
G. ALL COUNTRIES 14.6 19.3 23.9 29.8 41.1 24.3 0.355 26.540 0.37417 0.03427
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Cambodia 2000 14.3 20.3 26.1 37.8 72.4 29.6 0.198 58.100 0.29983 0.00944
Indonesia 1997 19.9 31.8 44.4 56.4 66.7 42.1 0.298 46.800 0.23198 0.00463
Indonesia 2002/03 39.1 55.3 67.7 80.1 92.8 65.5 0.422 53.676 0.17518 0.00268
Philippines 1998 14.1 29.3 37.1 33.8 16.0 25.5 0.881 1.900 0.12621 0.01062
Philippines 2003 16.5 30.4 35.0 31.8 19.1 26.2 0.860 2.674 0.08293 0.01114
Vietnam 1997 39.6 57.5 61.6 60.2 31.9 50.1 1.241 7.700 0.00807 0.01418
Vietnam 2002 28.8 50.6 50.4 38.5 8.3 35.3 3.470 20.500 -0.09916 0.02125
Armenia 2000 23.5 17.6 14.0 6.0 4.5 13.8 5.222 19.000 -0.27328 0.03493
Kazakhstan 1995 30.5 24.9 26.8 10.2 4.5 21.2 6.778 26.000 -0.22515 0.03399
Kazakhstan 1999 31.6 29.2 21.0 12.0 8.9 22.2 3.551 22.700 -0.18917 0.02721
Kyrgyzstan 1997 46.3 47.1 42.4 24.7 16.1 37.3 2.876 30.200 -0.15445 0.01919
Turkey 1993 31.9 49.3 52.2 48.3 26.6 42.2 1.199 5.300 0.00209 0.01240
Turkey 1998 37.1 50.6 49.3 38.5 21.9 40.5 1.694 15.200 -0.01667 0.01305
Uzbekistan 1996 7.6 4.9 1.5 1.1 0.8 3.7 9.500 6.800 -0.35213 0.08490
Bolivia 1998 5.2 5.5 3.3 2.1 0.4 3.8 13.000 4.800 -0.17336 0.03385
Bolivia 2003 7.7 6.9 3.5 2.3 1.4 4.9 5.352 6.297 -0.22983 0.02582
Brazil 1996 19.1 11.2 6.5 3.4 1.0 10.0 19.100 18.100 -0.39303 0.02485
Colombia 1995 19.4 13.5 8.1 4.6 1.6 10.8 12.125 17.800 -0.30415 0.02350
Colombia 2000 6.3 4.0 3.5 2.4 0.8 3.7 7.875 5.500 -0.24248 0.04350
Colombia 2005 5.8 3.7 2.5 1.5 0.9 3.2 6.155 4.831 -0.33833 0.02929
Guatemala 1995 2.3 3.5 3.1 5.9 2.7 3.4 0.852 0.400 0.23982 0.03331
Guatemala 1998/99 2.2 3.4 4.0 7.7 1.0 3.7 2.200 1.200 0.36436 0.05160
Haiti 1994/95 22.5 34.4 38.9 38.4 24.1 32.1 0.934 1.600 0.05218 0.01424
Haiti 2000 2.3 4.9 8.5 18.7 18.8 10.1 0.122 16.500 0.36833 0.02239
Nicaragua 1997/98 12.1 22.3 33.1 38.7 49.9 27.9 0.242 37.800 0.25710 0.00995
Nicaragua 2001 50.3 30.2 15.9 9.0 4.1 25.6 12.268 46.200 -0.39632 0.01204
Paraguay 1990 35.9 42.4 58.8 73.5 79.1 55.4 0.454 43.200 0.18126 0.00742
Peru 1996 8.5 23.6 34.0 35.7 29.6 24.2 0.287 21.100 0.26895 0.00742
Peru 2000 6.1 13.3 15.0 14.2 8.6 11.2 0.709 2.500 0.17479 0.01463
Egypt 1995 5.0 6.9 8.3 10.7 6.8 7.4 0.735 1.800 0.18415 0.01955
Egypt 2000 5.4 7.7 7.3 10.4 6.1 7.4 0.885 0.700 0.08384 0.01880
Jordan 1997 44.7 35.6 30.5 23.5 18.1 31.8 2.470 26.600 -0.06725 0.00825
Morocco 1992 4.5 11.9 24.9 46.6 56.0 24.9 0.080 51.500 0.44055 0.01276
Morocco 2003/04 25.2 43.6 56.3 65.4 52.3 46.9 0.481 27.166 0.14584 0.00769
Yemen 1997 1.7 2.8 4.1 8.3 18.5 6.6 0.092 16.800 0.53642 0.02461
E. SOUTH ASIA 3.6 4.4 6.8 10.2 13.5 7.3 0.264 9.953 0.33028 0.02635
Bangladesh 1996/97 0.5 1.0 1.7 3.6 9.6 2.8 0.052 9.100 0.58692 0.05299
Bangladesh 1999/2000 2.1 2.8 3.4 6.3 13.8 5.0 0.152 11.700 0.44402 0.03659
Bangladesh 2004 2.5 2.3 5.5 8.1 12.6 5.7 0.203 10.013 0.38389 0.03137
India 1992/93 6.6 9.6 14.1 19.2 16.3 12.8 0.405 9.700 0.18773 0.00698
India 1998/99 6.7 9.4 14.4 16.8 15.2 12.1 0.441 8.500 0.17955 0.00852
Nepal 1996 1.3 2.0 3.1 4.4 11.5 3.8 0.113 10.200 0.45399 0.05306
Nepal 2001 1.7 2.3 4.6 7.4 13.1 5.1 0.130 11.400 0.39827 0.03333
Pakistan 1990/91 3.3 3.8 2.8 8.6 13.2 6.3 0.250 9.900 0.35939 0.03221
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DELIVERY ATTENDED BY A NURSE OR TRAINED MIDWIFE (Cont.)

Benin 1996 32.2 49.9 63.5 82.2 76.9 58.3 0.419 44.700 0.18323 0.00838
Benin 2001 48.0 58.7 74.9 85.4 82.7 68.4 0.580 34.700 0.11957 0.00555
Burkina Faso 1992/93 25.4 26.4 29.3 45.5 81.5 40.1 0.312 56.031 0.31759 0.00800
Burkina Faso 1998/99 17.7 20.2 21.6 31.9 72.1 30.2 0.245 54.400 0.34373 0.01139
Burkina Faso 2003 18.4 23.4 31.2 44.2 79.3 36.5 0.232 60.896 0.29161 0.00691
Cameroon 1991 29.8 44.5 54.3 73.8 80.0 57.1 0.373 50.200 0.17785 0.00829
Cameroon 1998 24.7 38.5 54.9 70.6 72.3 49.5 0.342 47.600 0.21025 0.01097
Cameroon 2004 27.6 41.9 65.8 74.7 73.2 54.0 0.377 45.549 0.19146 0.00596
Chad 1996/1997 2.1 5.4 6.0 14.4 44.6 14.0 0.047 42.500 0.66724 0.01886
Chad 2004 1.2 7.0 7.7 14.2 48.8 15.4 0.026 47.532 0.71880 0.01765
Comoros 1996 25.5 37.7 51.8 65.4 74.3 48.5 0.343 48.800 0.22103 0.01590
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 16.5 29.3 44.6 62.7 75.0 43.3 0.220 58.500 0.29039 0.00898
Eritrea 1995 3.5 5.4 5.4 20.5 40.8 12.7 0.086 37.300 0.55915 0.03586
Ethiopia 2000 0.9 1.5 2.0 3.3 25.3 5.6 0.036 24.400 1.24455 0.03947
Gabon 2000 59.1 71.6 71.4 72.5 65.2 68.2 0.906 6.100 0.04006 0.00674
Ghana 1993 22.6 23.5 28.4 53.6 64.3 37.2 0.351 41.700 0.23679 0.01562
Ghana 1998 15.2 27.0 42.6 53.9 61.4 36.3 0.248 46.200 0.27481 0.01175
Ghana 2003 19.0 28.9 39.9 62.6 70.2 40.5 0.271 51.170 0.26962 0.01019
Guinea 1999 10.6 14.0 21.6 48.4 65.1 29.2 0.163 54.500 0.38679 0.01151
Kenya 1993 17.3 23.7 33.9 43.1 52.8 32.9 0.328 35.528 0.20402 0.01076
Kenya 1998 18.1 25.3 30.3 42.7 51.6 32.0 0.351 33.500 0.20418 0.01415
Kenya 2003 13.0 25.0 30.8 41.5 47.9 30.2 0.271 34.932 0.25213 0.01059
Madagascar 1997 22.7 28.9 27.9 44.0 68.7 34.9 0.330 46.000 0.23462 0.01229
Malawi 1992 42.2 43.2 46.4 53.7 69.5 50.5 0.607 27.300 0.12316 0.00811
Malawi 2000 39.0 44.1 46.9 52.8 74.0 50.2 0.527 35.000 0.12718 0.00513
Mali 1995/96 11.0 22.6 33.9 50.3 78.6 38.0 0.140 67.600 0.34007 0.00818
Mali 2001 21.5 26.4 28.3 44.6 83.9 39.1 0.256 62.400 0.27040 0.00620
Mauritania 2000/01 11.6 28.8 47.9 61.4 73.4 43.5 0.158 61.800 0.28882 0.00845
Mozambique 1997 17.9 34.0 31.0 61.4 74.9 42.1 0.239 57.000 0.27329 0.00966
Mozambique 2003 24.6 33.0 41.5 65.3 75.4 44.7 0.326 50.860 0.24444 0.00579
Namibia 1992 47.5 54.8 57.5 60.7 50.0 54.2 0.950 2.500 0.02046 0.00918
Namibia 2000 52.1 56.1 70.6 77.1 67.6 64.8 0.771 15.500 0.06921 0.00721
Niger 1998 4.1 7.0 7.2 15.4 61.9 17.3 0.066 57.800 0.65576 0.01981
Nigeria 1990 8.9 12.6 17.6 32.7 46.3 22.7 0.192 37.400 0.33377 0.01181
Nigeria 2003 11.2 17.5 23.8 44.5 61.4 29.7 0.182 50.219 0.30332 0.01185
Rwanda 2000 13.6 11.9 14.0 16.1 38.6 18.8 0.352 25.000 0.26643 0.01447
Senegal 1997 19.3 24.1 43.0 65.5 75.8 43.2 0.255 56.500 0.26922 0.00746
South Africa 1998 53.7 64.1 59.6 56.5 29.5 54.4 1.820 24.200 -0.04724 0.00799
Tanzania 1996 23.7 35.2 35.9 46.6 69.8 40.9 0.340 46.100 0.19875 0.00803
Tanzania 1999 25.7 27.6 29.5 41.3 65.1 36.4 0.395 39.400 0.21079 0.01213
Tanzania 2004 29.6 33.4 34.7 49.5 75.5 42.4 0.393 45.835 0.18159 0.00740
Togo 1998 24.6 33.6 49.6 66.9 80.1 47.1 0.307 55.500 0.25143 0.00831
Uganda 1995 21.6 26.5 30.4 35.0 58.8 33.8 0.367 37.200 0.23828 0.01063
Uganda 2000/01 18.1 25.7 29.8 43.1 65.0 34.4 0.278 46.900 0.26804 0.00911
Zambia 1996 19.0 23.3 35.8 62.3 79.6 42.9 0.239 60.600 0.29481 0.00701
Zambia 2001 19.2 21.4 32.3 64.4 80.3 40.2 0.239 61.100 0.29804 0.00794
Zimbabwe 1994 47.5 52.1 58.4 62.7 66.5 57.0 0.714 19.000 0.06769 0.01057
Zimbabwe 1999 49.9 60.4 56.4 66.3 71.3 60.9 0.700 21.400 0.05934 0.00781
G. ALL COUNTRIES 21.5 26.6 30.8 38.0 44.6 31.4 0.482 23.124 0.18138 0.01662
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DELIVERY IN A PUBLIC FACILITY

Cambodia 2000 1.7 3.0 4.9 8.9 36.0 8.3 0.047 34.300 0.48160 0.02509
Indonesia 1997 3.0 4.7 7.6 13.1 18.6 8.8 0.161 15.600 0.46242 0.01600
Indonesia 2002/03 3.6 7.9 9.9 11.8 14.7 9.2 0.244 11.143 0.33880 0.01515
Philippines 1998 7.1 16.0 28.7 29.3 26.3 19.5 0.270 19.200 0.28087 0.01295
Philippines 2003 9.2 20.5 32.3 37.6 31.6 24.2 0.292 22.378 0.25337 0.01185
Vietnam 1997 32.8 54.7 65.8 79.0 91.3 60.1 0.359 58.500 0.19650 0.00924
Vietnam 2002 43.2 74.5 84.5 89.5 94.8 74.7 0.456 51.600 0.13688 0.00863
Armenia 2000 81.5 84.1 97.5 98.4 99.8 91.3 0.817 18.300 0.04500 0.00454
Kazakhstan 1995 96.4 98.2 98.8 99.4 100.0 98.4 0.964 3.600 0.00918 0.00323
Kazakhstan 1999 96.4 98.0 98.8 99.6 97.8 98.0 0.986 1.400 0.00908 0.00295
Kyrgyzstan 1997 90.6 96.8 95.6 99.3 99.3 95.8 0.912 8.700 0.01386 0.00354
Turkey 1993 27.1 45.8 64.3 78.0 77.3 55.9 0.351 50.200 0.19085 0.00804
Turkey 1998 42.9 61.6 74.6 75.7 71.5 64.0 0.600 28.600 0.11923 0.00805
Uzbekistan 1996 82.2 97.4 97.9 99.1 98.9 94.1 0.831 16.700 0.02951 0.00512
Bolivia 1998 14.2 34.9 48.6 63.3 50.5 39.1 0.281 36.300 0.28272 0.00800
Bolivia 2003 21.1 42.7 59.7 73.5 65.8 49.2 0.321 44.685 0.20812 0.00572
Brazil 1996 75.9 88.3 86.6 72.2 61.3 77.9 1.238 14.600 -0.01651 0.00555
Colombia 1995 42.7 71.8 76.8 75.3 60.6 64.5 0.705 17.900 0.09090 0.00665
Colombia 2000 41.9 52.5 58.1 55.4 48.1 51.0 0.871 6.200 0.04364 0.00844
Colombia 2005 72.0 91.1 93.5 93.0 91.6 88.0 0.786 19.558 0.05484 0.00250
Guatemala 1995 8.9 14.9 28.5 54.2 58.6 28.4 0.152 49.700 0.31847 0.00948
Guatemala 1998/99 7.4 16.3 36.6 66.4 60.2 33.7 0.123 52.800 0.33917 0.01174
Haiti 1994/95 1.8 4.2 11.7 22.4 34.1 12.7 0.053 32.300 0.50823 0.02723
Haiti 2000 2.5 5.6 7.8 20.1 34.0 12.7 0.074 31.500 0.50271 0.02119
Nicaragua 1997/98 32.2 57.7 75.4 80.7 78.2 60.6 0.412 46.000 0.19468 0.00483
Nicaragua 2001 28.7 60.3 76.3 82.0 70.7 59.8 0.406 42.000 0.19973 0.00586
Paraguay 1990 20.6 26.8 43.6 62.4 56.2 39.7 0.367 35.600 0.24276 0.01071
Peru 1996 8.5 36.5 60.9 72.5 70.9 43.4 0.120 62.400 0.32928 0.00414
Peru 2000 10.4 28.4 55.9 66.9 63.2 39.3 0.165 52.800 0.33973 0.00555
Egypt 1995 6.9 10.9 20.8 26.9 29.5 17.9 0.234 22.600 0.24720 0.01133
Egypt 2000 13.1 15.7 23.1 29.7 30.2 22.2 0.434 17.100 0.17077 0.01022
Jordan 1997 74.3 65.6 60.7 45.7 31.4 57.8 2.366 42.900 -0.04051 0.00573
Morocco 1992 5.0 12.8 26.0 45.4 50.9 24.5 0.098 45.900 0.41309 0.01288
Morocco 2003/04 28.3 47.0 65.8 74.4 59.6 53.0 0.474 31.331 0.15639 0.00667
Yemen 1997 4.3 8.8 10.0 16.2 28.0 12.9 0.154 23.700 0.40928 0.01547
E. SOUTH ASIA 3.0 4.8 7.1 12.1 22.5 9.1 0.134 19.465 0.49731 0.02659
Bangladesh 1996/97 0.8 1.1 1.0 2.7 8.6 2.5 0.093 7.800 0.54434 0.06046
Bangladesh 1999/2000 1.7 2.0 3.0 6.2 18.0 5.3 0.094 16.300 0.59935 0.03849
Bangladesh 2004 1.8 2.5 4.6 8.4 16.7 6.1 0.105 14.962 0.51209 0.03196
India 1992/93 5.1 8.8 13.4 21.6 29.8 14.6 0.171 24.700 0.37333 0.00677
India 1998/99 7.4 11.6 17.8 25.0 23.6 16.3 0.314 16.200 0.31295 0.00742
Nepal 1996 1.3 3.5 4.1 5.5 24.3 6.4 0.053 23.000 0.57413 0.04417
Nepal 2001 1.9 2.3 4.3 7.2 27.4 7.0 0.069 25.500 0.58077 0.03344
Pakistan 1990/91 1.0 2.9 1.9 7.6 22.2 7.1 0.045 21.200 0.58343 0.03352
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DELIVERY IN A PUBLIC FACILITY (Cont.)

Benin 1996 31.5 49.7 61.6 70.4 69.4 54.4 0.454 37.900 0.16133 0.00966
Benin 2001 50.3 58.8 74.7 76.4 66.8 64.8 0.753 16.500 0.07856 0.00632
Burkina Faso 1992/93 27.8 28.9 30.1 49.0 83.0 42.3 0.335 55.199 0.29049 0.00761
Burkina Faso 1998/99 19.6 23.1 22.8 31.7 71.5 31.4 0.274 51.900 0.30624 0.01103
Burkina Faso 2003 19.6 25.3 32.6 45.0 79.7 37.6 0.246 60.099 0.27893 0.00682
Cameroon 1991 27.2 36.2 47.0 66.1 69.8 49.7 0.390 42.600 0.19185 0.00985
Cameroon 1998 19.2 28.4 42.4 55.7 58.7 38.7 0.327 39.500 0.22865 0.01446
Cameroon 2004 19.4 29.3 48.9 56.9 65.7 41.5 0.295 46.271 0.22325 0.00752
Chad 1996/97 1.5 3.5 3.8 9.5 33.6 10.0 0.045 32.100 0.73007 0.02509
Chad 2004 0.5 3.7 4.5 9.7 39.8 11.3 0.014 39.304 0.85320 0.02404
Comoros 1996 19.6 31.9 45.0 53.9 76.6 42.5 0.256 57.000 0.26539 0.01710
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 15.7 28.2 44.9 64.0 80.1 43.9 0.196 64.400 0.30758 0.00852
Eritrea 1995 3.2 3.4 5.0 24.9 70.4 17.1 0.045 67.200 0.72994 0.02801
Ethiopia 2000 0.7 0.9 1.4 2.9 21.7 4.7 0.032 21.000 1.32909 0.04551
Gabon 2000 59.9 76.3 72.0 73.8 62.3 69.3 0.961 2.400 0.03522 0.00660
Ghana 1993 16.0 17.0 24.3 44.5 63.2 31.5 0.253 47.200 0.29906 0.01781
Ghana 1998 15.0 22.2 33.8 50.5 60.4 32.7 0.248 45.400 0.28084 0.01319
Ghana 2003 17.0 24.1 32.8 57.3 68.0 36.3 0.250 51.020 0.28611 0.01130
Guinea 1999 10.0 15.3 23.3 43.3 61.1 28.1 0.164 51.100 0.37249 0.01167
Kenya 1993 17.7 26.8 34.7 44.0 51.9 33.8 0.340 34.231 0.20208 0.01037
Kenya 1998 15.9 24.9 33.3 40.2 48.2 30.9 0.330 32.300 0.20765 0.01462
Kenya 2003 9.2 19.1 27.8 38.5 43.5 26.1 0.211 34.335 0.26438 0.01184
Madagascar 1997 24.3 28.8 33.3 44.3 38.4 32.4 0.633 14.100 0.11770 0.01360
Malawi 1992 34.6 35.3 35.6 43.5 59.7 41.2 0.580 25.100 0.13503 0.01035
Malawi 2000 32.3 36.2 36.3 42.5 57.7 40.2 0.560 25.400 0.12168 0.00653
Mali 1995/96 8.4 16.0 23.6 40.0 67.6 29.9 0.124 59.200 0.37614 0.01072
Mali 2001 19.7 24.1 26.4 42.7 80.1 36.8 0.246 60.400 0.28208 0.00666
Mauritania 2000/01 10.3 29.4 52.7 67.6 80.5 46.9 0.128 70.200 0.29947 0.00737
Mozambique 1997 17.0 33.1 30.9 64.7 81.8 43.6 0.208 64.800 0.30236 0.00870
Mozambique 2003 24.9 33.1 41.7 67.9 88.7 47.4 0.280 63.810 0.27275 0.00508
Namibia 1992 49.1 57.1 63.7 70.4 83.0 64.8 0.592 33.900 0.10506 0.00668
Namibia 2000 53.0 60.6 68.5 83.0 86.1 69.9 0.616 33.100 0.10576 0.00623
Niger 1998 4.1 6.8 7.7 16.1 63.5 17.8 0.065 59.400 0.65591 0.01929
Nigeria 1990 11.3 18.7 24.7 39.5 67.3 30.9 0.168 56.000 0.37355 0.00883
Nigeria 2003 7.5 10.5 15.6 28.1 34.9 18.2 0.215 27.401 0.33202 0.01762
Rwanda 2000 15.3 15.1 15.9 21.0 53.6 24.3 0.285 38.300 0.33605 0.01192
Senegal 1997 23.2 29.7 46.1 65.3 67.7 44.6 0.343 44.500 0.21907 0.00753
South Africa 1998 66.6 78.5 82.7 86.1 58.1 74.9 1.146 8.500 0.02837 0.00572
Tanzania 1996 24.7 37.0 38.6 48.7 74.0 43.2 0.334 49.300 0.19942 0.00753
Tanzania 1999 22.6 28.0 28.4 39.4 74.9 37.0 0.302 52.300 0.25145 0.01156
Tanzania 2004 25.6 30.1 28.7 42.6 73.0 37.8 0.350 47.436 0.19864 0.00827
Togo 1998 23.8 33.1 48.0 63.7 72.5 44.8 0.328 48.700 0.24671 0.00897
Uganda 1995 15.0 14.7 17.4 20.9 39.7 21.1 0.378 24.700 0.28459 0.01609
Uganda 2000/01 10.7 17.9 18.6 25.9 44.7 22.2 0.239 34.000 0.29468 0.01332
Zambia 1996 13.5 16.4 28.3 63.8 63.3 36.4 0.213 49.800 0.32789 0.00857
Zambia 2001 14.7 14.7 26.3 64.3 67.7 34.5 0.217 53.000 0.34739 0.00955
Zimbabwe 1994 53.2 57.8 64.5 76.3 84.5 66.6 0.630 31.300 0.09845 0.00812
Zimbabwe 1999 41.2 52.5 50.4 70.0 79.0 58.8 0.522 37.800 0.12349 0.00792
G. ALL COUNTRIES 29.4 37.3 44.2 53.1 60.5 43.5 0.486 31.108 0.27593 0.01186
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DELIVERY IN A PRIVATE FACILITY

Cambodia 2000 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 11.0 1.7 0.009 10.900 0.61966 0.06892
Indonesia 1997 0.9 3.6 10.2 16.8 34.1 11.9 0.026 33.200 0.52939 0.01295
Indonesia 2002/03 7.3 16.8 28.0 41.7 66.6 30.5 0.109 59.339 0.37070 0.00579
Philippines 1998 1.6 4.1 11.8 25.5 52.5 14.8 0.030 50.900 0.50351 0.01724
Philippines 2003 1.2 4.4 11.1 22.2 45.5 13.7 0.026 44.322 0.54586 0.01974
Vietnam 1997 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.188 0.300 -0.08127 0.11472
Vietnam 2002 4.7 3.7 2.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 1.205 0.800 -0.03871 0.09363

Turkey 1993 1.0 1.8 1.8 3.7 14.4 3.9 0.069 13.400 0.50355 0.06216
Turkey 1998 3.0 3.8 4.4 12.8 24.4 8.6 0.123 21.400 0.35310 0.03863
Bolivia 1998 1.5 6.0 14.9 22.1 46.5 14.1 0.032 45.000 0.42949 0.01706
Bolivia 2003 0.4 2.4 5.8 12.0 32.1 7.9 0.013 31.669 0.52891 0.02315
Brazil 1996 2.1 6.6 11.0 26.5 37.8 13.6 0.056 35.700 0.51205 0.02318
Colombia 1995 2.4 4.2 10.8 20.9 36.7 12.3 0.065 34.300 0.46351 0.02347
Colombia 2000 3.0 11.7 18.0 27.0 36.9 17.1 0.081 33.900 0.37637 0.01836
Colombia 2005 1.0 2.9 4.1 6.1 7.6 4.0 0.127 6.621 0.33470 0.02827
Guatemala 1995 0.4 0.8 2.1 8.4 31.1 6.0 0.013 30.700 0.57367 0.03297
Guatemala 1998/99 0.3 1.0 2.6 8.4 31.4 6.7 0.010 31.100 0.49242 0.04244
Haiti 1994/95 0.0 0.6 0.9 2.9 21.7 3.7 - 21.700 0.79784 0.07600
Haiti 2000 0.4 0.7 3.3 4.3 15.5 4.1 0.026 15.100 0.60626 0.04679
Nicaragua 1997/98 0.3 0.4 3.3 4.4 11.6 3.1 0.026 11.300 0.46937 0.04166
Nicaragua 2001 0.3 1.0 5.2 8.1 25.5 6.5 0.012 25.200 0.49034 0.03083
Paraguay 1990 4.9 6.1 13.1 15.2 36.3 13.6 0.135 31.400 0.38697 0.02541
Peru 1996 0.4 3.4 5.4 10.9 21.0 6.2 0.019 20.600 0.41860 0.01863
Peru 2000 0.5 2.8 4.7 9.8 21.4 5.9 0.023 20.900 0.40907 0.02170
Egypt 1995 5.2 6.0 10.1 16.6 42.3 14.6 0.123 37.100 0.43794 0.01434
Egypt 2000 8.8 16.2 23.1 31.0 54.3 26.0 0.162 45.500 0.34216 0.00887
Jordan 1997 12.1 27.6 34.5 49.8 65.5 35.3 0.185 53.400 0.32964 0.01156
Morocco 1992 0.0 0.1 0.6 4.3 19.7 3.8 - 19.700 0.80506 0.05597
Morocco 2003/04 0.1 0.8 1.9 9.3 34.2 7.8 0.004 34.017 0.65419 0.03168
Yemen 1997 1.2 1.7 1.7 3.4 5.9 2.7 0.203 4.700 0.34327 0.03615
E. SOUTH ASIA 1.1 2.0 4.2 8.6 23.3 7.0 0.045 22.248 0.67362 0.05050
Bangladesh 1996/97 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.0 8.7 1.6 0.011 8.600 0.88162 0.09454
Bangladesh 1999/2000 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.4 0.4 0.143 1.200 0.67094 0.16380
Bangladesh 2004 0.2 0.7 0.9 3.5 13.6 3.2 0.015 13.391 0.81473 0.05368
India 1992/93 1.2 2.3 5.4 13.9 40.8 10.9 0.029 39.600 0.59518 0.00900
India 1998/99 3.5 6.6 13.6 24.7 50.8 17.4 0.069 47.300 0.42993 0.00709
Nepal 1996 0.4 0.0 0.7 0.7 5.6 1.2 0.071 5.200 0.64056 0.11543
Nepal 2001 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 5.3 1.0 0.019 5.200 0.66601 0.10251
Pakistan 1990/1991 0.4 0.3 1.8 5.7 23.5 6.2 0.017 23.100 0.78382 0.03871
- 131 -
DELIVERY IN A PRIVATE FACILITY (Cont.)

Benin 1996 2.6 3.7 5.3 17.0 26.9 9.5 0.097 24.300 0.43577 0.03751
Benin 2001 4.9 6.8 6.1 14.3 31.4 11.2 0.156 26.500 0.36670 0.02674
Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 3.4 0.7 0.035 3.235 1.25126 0.14720
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 4.4 0.7 0.023 4.300 1.38700 0.16899
Burkina Faso 2003 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 4.8 0.8 - 4.841 0.62857 0.08195
Cameroon 1991 4.0 10.6 10.0 13.4 23.2 12.5 0.172 19.200 0.29490 0.02804
Cameroon 1998 5.7 10.5 17.2 23.9 26.9 15.7 0.212 21.200 0.29795 0.02749
Cameroon 2004 8.3 13.2 19.2 27.1 25.7 17.7 0.323 17.374 0.24675 0.01512
Chad 1996/97 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.8 2.1 1.1 0.333 1.400 0.24520 0.06339
Chad 2004 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.6 1.4 0.5 0.103 1.278 0.89488 0.16069
Comoros 1996 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 - 0.000 -0.27273 0.27388
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 0.3 0.1 0.9 0.8 3.1 0.9 0.097 2.800 0.49811 0.12396
Eritrea 1995 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 - 0.400 0.31932 0.37474
Ethiopia 2000 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.3 - 1.000 0.84480 0.15372
Gabon 2000 4.0 7.6 16.5 19.1 34.4 15.4 0.116 30.400 0.30777 0.02198
Ghana 1993 7.4 5.1 6.5 15.7 20.7 10.6 0.357 13.300 0.28064 0.04010
Ghana 1998 2.6 8.4 12.9 12.6 25.0 10.7 0.104 22.400 0.35732 0.02881
Ghana 2003 2.4 6.0 7.9 15.5 21.4 9.4 0.112 19.041 0.39515 0.03038
Guinea 1999 0.1 0.0 0.5 1.0 4.2 1.0 0.024 4.100 0.69453 0.10206
Kenya 1993 4.8 5.1 9.6 11.3 22.5 10.0 0.215 17.659 0.31977 0.02563
Kenya 1998 4.4 5.5 7.7 13.2 30.1 11.2 0.146 25.700 0.40277 0.03149
Kenya 2003 6.8 12.3 8.7 14.7 30.3 14.0 0.224 23.515 0.38060 0.02089
Madagascar 1997 0.8 0.6 1.3 2.2 5.5 1.7 0.145 4.700 0.58181 0.10051
Malawi 1992 9.6 11.5 15.6 15.8 18.4 14.1 0.522 8.800 0.16434 0.02170
Malawi 2000 10.4 12.8 14.5 15.5 25.0 15.2 0.416 14.600 0.16722 0.01294
Mali 1995/96 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 2.3 0.5 0.043 2.200 0.70973 0.15372
Mali 2001 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.5 3.8 1.0 0.105 3.400 0.48009 0.07525
Mauritania 2000/01 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 7.3 1.6 0.027 7.100 0.88166 0.10370
Mozambique 1997 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 - 0.100 0.53799 0.36842
Mozambique 2003 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.119 0.667 0.61268 0.17659
Namibia 1992 1.0 0.3 0.4 1.0 8.0 2.1 0.125 7.000 0.56881 0.09558
Namibia 2000 1.9 3.5 7.5 1.9 10.2 4.8 0.186 8.300 0.33036 0.04553
Niger 1998 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.2 - 0.700 0.85166 0.28886
Nigeria 1990 0.4 1.5 0.9 2.0 3.2 1.6 0.125 2.800 0.36193 0.05199
Nigeria 2003 4.0 5.6 9.3 15.7 44.8 14.4 0.090 40.832 0.40569 0.02124
Rwanda 2000 1.8 0.9 1.5 1.7 5.8 2.3 0.310 4.000 0.61355 0.06120
Senegal 1997 0.2 0.4 1.4 4.0 13.8 3.4 0.014 13.600 0.52896 0.04751
South Africa 1998 0.4 2.2 3.0 8.0 40.3 8.5 0.010 39.900 0.60567 0.03607
Tanzania 1996 2.3 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.7 3.3 0.489 2.400 0.12302 0.03894
Tanzania 1999 5.3 5.6 5.4 10.1 7.2 6.6 0.736 1.900 0.01092 0.03046
Tanzania 2004 6.5 6.6 10.2 11.3 13.4 9.3 0.485 6.888 0.09231 0.01955
Togo 1998 0.4 0.7 2.3 5.9 17.1 4.2 0.023 16.700 0.53396 0.05208
Uganda 1995 6.4 11.4 12.3 15.8 27.6 14.3 0.232 21.200 0.29254 0.02000
Uganda 2000/01 7.7 8.5 11.1 18.3 31.2 14.4 0.247 23.500 0.33140 0.01825
Zambia 1996 6.0 8.1 8.4 3.5 27.5 10.2 0.218 21.500 0.25787 0.02483
Zambia 2001 5.4 8.0 8.2 4.8 23.3 9.1 0.232 17.900 0.16125 0.02692
Zimbabwe 1994 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.8 8.1 2.5 0.123 7.100 0.52692 0.10587
Zimbabwe 1999 15.0 14.7 14.4 8.8 14.9 13.4 1.007 0.100 -0.04593 0.02575
G. ALL COUNTRIES 2.8 4.6 6.7 10.4 21.3 8.2 0.130 18.530 0.44973 0.06526
- 132 -
DELIVERY AT HOME

Cambodia 2000 97.1 95.2 93.7 89.5 52.2 89.0 1.860 44.900 -0.05699 0.00268
Indonesia 1997 96.0 91.6 82.2 70.2 47.4 79.2 2.025 48.600 -0.13102 0.00214
Indonesia 2002/03 87.5 73.9 60.9 45.7 17.9 59.0 4.885 69.622 -0.24137 0.00280
Philippines 1998 91.0 79.4 59.4 44.8 21.2 65.5 4.292 69.800 -0.19504 0.00402
Philippines 2003 88.7 74.3 56.2 39.0 22.6 61.4 3.919 66.080 -0.22082 0.00447
Vietnam 1997 65.2 43.5 32.7 19.9 7.1 38.3 9.183 58.100 -0.30456 0.01452
Vietnam 2002 51.8 21.4 13.1 6.5 1.1 21.3 47.091 50.700 -0.47308 0.02816
Armenia 2000 18.5 15.8 1.9 1.2 0.2 8.5 92.500 18.300 -0.49250 0.04821
Kazakhstan 1995 3.0 1.8 1.2 0.6 0.0 1.5 - 3.000 -0.46287 0.16425
Kazakhstan 1999 3.2 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.7 1.4 4.571 2.500 -0.61467 0.17912
Kyrgyzstan 1997 9.4 2.6 3.5 0.5 0.7 3.9 13.429 8.700 -0.35808 0.07984
Turkey 1993 71.6 52.2 33.4 18.3 8.2 40.0 8.732 63.400 -0.31475 0.01018
Turkey 1998 52.9 33.3 20.4 11.5 3.4 26.7 15.559 49.500 -0.38803 0.01602
Uzbekistan 1996 17.8 2.6 2.1 0.9 0.8 5.9 22.250 17.000 -0.51261 0.08573
Bolivia 1998 83.7 58.0 35.3 14.0 2.6 46.0 32.192 81.100 -0.37075 0.00503
Bolivia 2003 77.5 53.9 32.9 13.4 1.4 41.8 55.839 76.123 -0.34251 0.00533
Brazil 1996 20.0 3.6 0.9 0.3 0.0 7.0 - 20.000 -0.72696 0.03878
Colombia 1995 53.8 23.3 11.9 3.8 1.9 22.6 28.316 51.900 -0.49519 0.01432
Colombia 2000 24.2 10.5 4.1 1.1 1.2 9.6 20.167 23.000 -0.52069 0.02794
Colombia 2005 26.7 5.8 2.1 0.9 0.5 7.8 52.782 26.209 -0.78332 0.02433
Guatemala 1995 90.1 83.1 68.4 36.5 8.9 64.7 10.124 81.200 -0.18770 0.00397
Guatemala 1998/99 91.8 81.2 60.7 24.9 8.4 59.0 10.929 83.400 -0.23087 0.00579
Haiti 1994/95 97.5 94.1 84.4 66.3 35.8 79.8 2.723 61.700 -0.13669 0.00478
Haiti 2000 95.9 91.8 86.4 62.3 31.4 76.3 3.054 64.500 -0.14225 0.00388
Nicaragua 1997/98 66.0 39.9 20.2 13.0 8.6 34.8 7.674 57.400 -0.37971 0.00763
Nicaragua 2001 70.4 38.3 18.1 9.4 3.3 33.3 21.333 67.100 -0.45508 0.00853
Paraguay 1990 73.5 65.4 42.5 21.6 7.1 45.7 10.352 66.400 -0.31862 0.00769
Peru 1996 89.3 57.7 31.4 14.8 5.5 48.3 16.236 83.800 -0.35950 0.00307
Peru 2000 56.2 44.0 20.6 7.8 3.0 32.0 18.733 53.200 -0.34796 0.00601
Egypt 1995 87.7 83.0 69.0 56.0 26.5 67.0 3.309 61.200 -0.16301 0.00347
Egypt 2000 78.1 68.0 53.6 39.2 15.3 51.7 5.105 62.800 -0.24573 0.00444
Jordan 1997 13.4 6.7 4.8 4.4 3.0 6.8 4.467 10.400 -0.22279 0.01341
Morocco 1992 94.9 87.0 73.4 50.2 29.0 71.6 3.272 65.900 -0.18468 0.00437
Morocco 2003/04 70.5 51.4 31.8 15.9 6.0 38.5 11.839 64.564 -0.34058 0.00752
Yemen 1997 94.3 89.3 88.0 80.1 65.7 84.2 1.435 28.600 -0.07351 0.00251
E. SOUTH ASIA 94.7 91.7 87.0 78.1 52.2 82.5 1.815 42.515 -0.10480 0.00289
Bangladesh 1996/97 98.5 98.5 97.6 95.5 80.5 95.0 1.224 18.000 -0.03149 0.00237
Bangladesh 1999/2000 97.6 97.1 96.4 91.9 67.4 91.6 1.448 30.200 -0.06251 0.00292
Bangladesh 2004 97.6 96.7 93.3 87.4 67.9 89.9 1.437 29.658 -0.06708 0.00284
India 1992/93 93.2 88.1 80.4 63.9 29.0 73.9 3.214 64.200 -0.15219 0.00146
India 1998/99 88.3 81.1 67.9 50.0 25.3 65.8 3.490 63.000 -0.19151 0.00205
Nepal 1996 97.5 95.5 94.5 93.6 68.8 91.7 1.417 28.700 -0.04773 0.00345
Nepal 2001 95.4 94.8 92.7 88.8 61.9 88.9 1.541 33.500 -0.05754 0.00309
Pakistan 1990/91 97.5 94.3 94.2 86.1 53.6 85.3 1.819 43.900 -0.10307 0.00357
- 133 -
DELIVERY AT HOME (Cont.)

Benin 1996 64.7 44.4 32.0 11.9 3.4 34.9 19.029 61.300 -0.36044 0.01201
Benin 2001 43.3 32.8 18.1 8.1 1.3 22.7 33.308 42.000 -0.39452 0.01390
Burkina Faso 1992/93 71.7 70.3 68.9 49.9 12.7 56.3 5.643 59.020 -0.23381 0.00555
Burkina Faso 1998/99 79.9 76.3 76.9 67.7 23.4 67.4 3.415 56.500 -0.15680 0.00508
Burkina Faso 2003 80.2 74.6 67.2 54.1 15.3 61.3 5.232 64.870 -0.17979 0.00415
Cameroon 1991 67.5 50.2 43.0 19.8 6.3 36.6 10.714 61.200 -0.35127 0.01111
Cameroon 1998 73.7 59.8 39.1 18.9 13.5 44.3 5.459 60.200 -0.30184 0.01170
Cameroon 2004 71.2 56.8 30.7 14.6 7.9 39.8 8.989 63.315 -0.34139 0.00700
Chad 1996/97 97.2 94.2 94.2 87.1 63.7 87.6 1.526 33.500 -0.08350 0.00290
Chad 2004 97.7 93.6 93.4 87.2 56.4 86.0 1.733 41.319 -0.11589 0.00325
Comoros 1996 79.7 67.7 54.6 45.6 23.4 57.0 3.406 56.300 -0.19570 0.01287
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 83.0 71.6 54.0 34.6 16.9 54.8 4.911 66.100 -0.24979 0.00672
Eritrea 1995 96.8 95.3 95.0 74.9 28.6 82.4 3.385 68.200 -0.15258 0.00580
Ethiopia 2000 99.3 98.6 98.4 96.6 77.0 94.8 1.290 22.300 -0.06937 0.00231
Gabon 2000 33.1 14.0 7.7 4.6 1.5 12.7 22.067 31.600 -0.53893 0.02525
Ghana 1993 75.2 76.1 68.6 39.5 15.8 57.0 4.759 59.400 -0.21134 0.00977
Ghana 1998 81.9 68.5 52.3 35.2 13.7 55.7 5.978 68.200 -0.23574 0.00697
Ghana 2003 75.2 56.8 49.0 18.9 6.9 46.0 10.940 68.322 -0.30890 0.00754
Guinea 1999 88.2 82.6 75.5 54.6 33.4 69.5 2.641 54.800 -0.15935 0.00480
Kenya 1993 75.8 66.1 54.4 43.8 24.3 54.7 3.121 51.512 -0.17948 0.00641
Kenya 1998 78.2 68.0 58.1 45.1 21.3 56.6 3.671 56.900 -0.18783 0.00794
Kenya 2003 82.9 66.7 62.3 45.8 25.8 58.7 3.218 57.124 -0.20596 0.00521
Madagascar 1997 73.7 69.7 64.3 52.7 54.9 64.8 1.342 18.800 -0.07541 0.00688
Malawi 1992 53.8 50.7 47.6 37.6 20.7 42.7 2.599 33.100 -0.18299 0.00917
Malawi 2000 56.2 49.5 47.8 41.1 16.6 43.6 3.386 39.600 -0.16791 0.00569
Mali 1995/96 89.6 78.6 67.2 51.2 19.9 62.7 4.503 69.700 -0.20743 0.00493
Mali 2001 78.9 73.7 72.1 55.7 14.4 60.9 5.479 64.500 -0.17686 0.00397
Mauritania 2000/01 88.9 70.0 46.9 31.1 11.9 51.2 7.471 77.000 -0.30180 0.00616
Mozambique 1997 82.4 66.0 66.9 33.7 16.8 55.0 4.905 65.600 -0.24224 0.00708
Mozambique 2003 73.1 64.8 56.4 30.2 8.7 50.5 8.372 64.384 -0.25799 0.00473
Namibia 1992 49.2 41.5 34.2 27.7 8.0 32.0 6.150 41.200 -0.25288 0.01259
Namibia 2000 43.8 34.4 22.9 13.6 2.9 24.1 15.103 40.900 -0.37021 0.01590
Niger 1998 95.5 92.6 91.7 82.5 34.8 81.3 2.744 60.700 -0.14777 0.00422
Nigeria 1990 87.4 78.6 73.7 57.2 28.1 66.4 3.110 59.300 -0.18303 0.00405
Nigeria 2003 87.1 82.8 74.5 55.2 19.2 66.4 4.531 67.862 -0.17562 0.00520
Rwanda 2000 81.8 83.6 81.9 76.1 40.1 72.6 2.040 41.700 -0.13025 0.00407
Senegal 1997 75.8 69.3 51.6 30.0 17.5 51.3 4.331 58.300 -0.22481 0.00622
South Africa 1998 29.6 16.5 12.4 3.8 1.2 14.3 24.667 28.400 -0.46504 0.02025
Tanzania 1996 68.0 55.0 54.0 44.9 18.9 49.5 3.598 49.100 -0.17143 0.00659
Tanzania 1999 71.8 66.3 65.9 50.4 17.4 56.3 4.126 54.400 -0.16565 0.00762
Tanzania 2004 67.5 63.1 61.1 46.1 13.3 52.7 5.084 54.261 -0.15820 0.00596
Togo 1998 74.9 65.6 49.0 29.3 8.9 50.0 8.416 66.000 -0.26306 0.00731
Uganda 1995 77.8 73.0 69.1 61.9 32.0 63.6 2.431 45.800 -0.16032 0.00544
Uganda 2000/01 80.5 72.6 68.8 53.4 22.3 61.9 3.610 58.200 -0.18267 0.00481
Zambia 1996 80.3 75.0 63.1 32.0 9.0 53.1 8.922 71.300 -0.27344 0.00517
Zambia 2001 79.0 76.5 64.7 30.6 8.5 55.7 9.294 70.500 -0.23978 0.00551
Zimbabwe 1994 45.0 39.9 34.3 21.1 7.3 30.3 6.164 37.700 -0.25584 0.01646
Zimbabwe 1999 36.0 28.2 31.5 16.3 4.8 23.3 7.500 31.200 -0.24533 0.01568
G. ALL COUNTRIES 66.4 56.8 48.3 35.9 18.7 47.4 3.546 47.642 -0.28955 0.01638
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CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 12.5 15.4 20.1 19.9 25.4 18.8 0.492 12.900 0.16156 0.01204
Indonesia 1997 46.2 55.6 56.8 58.0 56.9 54.7 0.812 10.700 0.06029 0.00297
Indonesia 2002/03 48.6 57.9 60.0 59.3 58.1 56.7 0.835 9.575 0.03187 0.00285
Philippines 1998 19.6 26.2 33.0 33.0 29.4 28.2 0.667 9.800 0.11463 0.00968
Philippines 2003 23.8 33.8 35.7 37.9 35.2 33.4 0.676 11.427 0.07195 0.00861
Vietnam 1997 47.0 57.3 59.5 59.4 55.5 55.8 0.847 8.500 0.01431 0.00677
Vietnam 2002 57.9 57.9 58.1 58.0 51.6 56.7 1.122 6.300 -0.02528 0.00671
Armenia 2000 15.5 20.9 22.4 22.3 29.2 22.3 0.531 13.700 0.09426 0.01592
Kazakhstan 1995 43.8 49.1 40.6 45.8 49.6 46.1 0.883 5.800 0.00752 0.01183
Kazakhstan 1999 48.9 50.6 52.9 54.5 55.1 52.7 0.887 6.200 0.01747 0.00978
Kyrgyzstan 1997 44.4 44.9 48.4 50.9 54.4 48.9 0.816 10.000 0.04022 0.01085
Turkey 1993 21.0 29.4 33.1 38.5 45.5 34.5 0.462 24.500 0.12191 0.00972
Turkey 1998 23.6 32.2 37.7 41.9 48.0 37.7 0.492 24.400 0.12904 0.00977
Uzbekistan 1996 46.0 55.1 55.5 47.7 52.2 51.3 0.881 6.200 -0.00728 0.00985
Bolivia 1998 7.1 17.2 22.2 32.2 45.6 25.2 0.156 38.500 0.28389 0.01127
Bolivia 2003 22.5 27.7 31.5 41.8 49.3 34.9 0.457 26.790 0.14658 0.00774
Brazil 1996 55.8 68.9 73.6 73.8 76.8 70.3 0.727 21.000 0.05942 0.00444
Colombia 1995 42.2 59.6 62.7 64.2 65.7 59.3 0.642 23.500 0.06654 0.00611
Colombia 2000 53.8 61.6 67.2 70.1 66.4 64.0 0.810 12.600 0.04500 0.00551
Colombia 2005 60.4 66.6 69.3 71.7 71.8 68.2 0.841 11.405 0.04093 0.00306
Guatemala 1995 5.4 10.1 21.4 37.4 57.1 26.9 0.095 51.700 0.35895 0.01024
Guatemala 1998/99 5.4 11.9 24.5 45.0 59.7 30.9 0.090 54.300 0.35723 0.01243
Haiti 1994/95 4.9 7.4 12.7 20.4 20.9 13.2 0.234 16.000 0.29046 0.02584
Haiti 2000 17.4 22.2 25.7 24.2 24.2 22.8 0.719 6.800 0.10090 0.01386
Nicaragua 1997/98 40.2 55.5 60.3 65.4 64.2 57.4 0.626 24.000 0.09526 0.00559
Nicaragua 2001 50.2 65.8 71.2 71.1 71.0 66.1 0.707 20.800 0.06226 0.00507
Paraguay 1990 20.6 25.3 34.4 44.3 46.1 35.2 0.447 25.500 0.17938 0.01235
Peru 1996 24.0 37.5 45.2 48.9 50.3 41.3 0.477 26.300 0.13758 0.00486
Peru 2000 36.8 45.8 54.4 56.3 58.0 50.4 0.634 21.200 0.09177 0.00444
Egypt 1995 28.2 39.0 47.1 52.0 57.4 45.5 0.491 29.200 0.16077 0.00505
Egypt 2000 42.6 49.9 54.2 58.1 60.8 53.7 0.701 18.200 0.07156 0.00443
Jordan 1997 27.5 35.7 35.4 42.1 46.8 37.7 0.588 19.300 0.17507 0.01149
Morocco 1992 17.9 30.0 37.8 43.1 48.3 35.5 0.371 30.400 0.17225 0.01020
Morocco 2003/04 51.4 55.2 55.4 54.8 56.8 54.8 0.905 5.406 0.01886 0.00562
Yemen 1997 1.4 3.5 6.8 13.8 24.1 9.8 0.058 22.700 0.52786 0.01875
E. SOUTH ASIA 24.7 28.8 32.3 36.7 45.7 33.6 0.541 21.007 0.21143 0.01025
Bangladesh 1996/97 38.8 40.8 43.7 38.8 48.5 42.1 0.800 9.700 0.04452 0.00751
Bangladesh 1999/2000 37.4 43.7 44.8 43.5 50.2 44.0 0.745 12.800 0.05696 0.00646
Bangladesh 2004 44.7 47.7 46.6 47.4 50.0 47.3 0.893 5.326 0.02480 0.00580
India 1992/93 24.9 27.5 36.1 42.0 50.6 36.5 0.492 25.700 0.14456 0.00242
India 1998/99 29.3 34.9 44.9 49.7 54.6 42.8 0.537 25.300 0.12920 0.00222
Nepal 1996 15.7 21.2 23.2 26.6 44.9 26.0 0.350 29.200 0.20910 0.01084
Nepal 2001 23.8 28.7 31.7 38.9 55.2 35.4 0.431 31.400 0.17967 0.00814
Pakistan 1990/91 1.2 4.1 6.1 10.7 23.2 9.0 0.052 22.000 0.51205 0.02485
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CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 1.3 1.4 1.7 4.6 9.0 3.4 0.144 7.700 0.38588 0.05442
Benin 2001 4.0 3.2 6.7 8.3 14.7 7.2 0.272 10.700 0.27534 0.03278
Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.8 0.3 1.0 2.5 16.4 4.2 0.046 15.670 0.91224 0.04923
Burkina Faso 1998/99 1.8 2.6 2.9 2.4 16.0 4.8 0.113 14.200 0.57474 0.04340
Burkina Faso 2003 1.8 4.5 6.2 6.9 26.8 8.8 0.068 24.985 0.48610 0.02230
Cameroon 1991 0.7 1.2 2.8 4.4 12.5 4.3 0.056 11.800 0.59516 0.05731
Cameroon 1998 1.4 2.2 6.1 10.5 16.6 7.1 0.084 15.200 0.45378 0.03608
Cameroon 2004 2.4 5.1 11.5 20.2 27.2 13.1 0.090 24.759 0.39885 0.01816
Chad 1996/97 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.0 4.8 1.2 0.021 4.700 0.94274 0.09954
Chad 2004 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.4 7.3 1.6 - 7.316 0.83194 0.08120
Comoros 1996 6.6 11.6 10.2 10.0 18.6 11.4 0.355 12.000 0.15895 0.03934
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 1.1 2.1 2.0 5.3 12.5 4.3 0.088 11.400 0.47567 0.04214
Eritrea 1995 0.3 0.7 1.0 2.6 18.9 4.0 0.016 18.600 0.84891 0.06552
Ethiopia 2000 2.7 2.7 2.0 3.6 22.9 6.3 0.118 20.200 0.78631 0.03104
Gabon 2000 5.6 8.3 11.8 13.4 18.2 11.8 0.308 12.600 0.19990 0.02680
Ghana 1993 5.4 5.5 7.8 11.8 19.1 10.1 0.283 13.700 0.25983 0.03190
Ghana 1998 7.5 11.5 13.6 16.7 17.9 13.3 0.419 10.400 0.17092 0.02415
Ghana 2003 8.6 19.1 18.6 21.3 26.3 18.7 0.329 17.646 0.17986 0.01980
Guinea 1999 1.0 1.9 2.8 7.4 9.2 4.2 0.109 8.200 0.44846 0.04042
Kenya 1993 10.3 15.7 27.3 37.5 45.1 27.3 0.227 34.868 0.26378 0.01340
Kenya 1998 12.6 24.1 30.7 39.7 50.1 31.5 0.251 37.500 0.23115 0.01153
Kenya 2003 11.8 24.2 33.4 41.0 44.5 31.5 0.266 32.675 0.23325 0.01042
Madagascar 1997 2.3 3.0 7.3 12.4 23.8 9.7 0.097 21.500 0.49740 0.02754
Malawi 1992 3.9 3.6 5.6 6.9 17.2 7.4 0.227 13.300 0.41164 0.04027
Malawi 2000 19.9 23.4 22.9 25.8 39.6 26.1 0.503 19.700 0.14022 0.01003
Mali 1995/96 0.5 1.4 2.0 4.2 15.3 4.5 0.033 14.800 0.61241 0.03806
Mali 2001 4.2 3.6 3.4 7.3 17.9 7.0 0.235 13.700 0.34229 0.02502
Mauritania 2000/01 0.1 0.5 2.6 6.8 16.5 5.1 0.006 16.400 0.61491 0.04331
Mozambique 1997 0.9 1.8 3.1 5.3 16.9 5.1 0.053 16.000 0.74981 0.04425
Mozambique 2003 14.1 16.2 21.5 19.3 36.6 20.8 0.384 22.529 0.20537 0.01212
Namibia 1992 5.4 6.5 11.8 28.9 56.9 26.0 0.095 51.500 0.43759 0.01944
Namibia 2000 28.8 24.1 30.3 48.5 64.2 42.6 0.449 35.400 0.18596 0.01198
Niger 1998 0.8 1.6 2.2 2.9 18.1 4.6 0.044 17.300 0.70688 0.04287
Nigeria 1990 0.5 1.7 1.7 3.3 11.6 3.4 0.043 11.100 0.67519 0.04407
Nigeria 2003 3.6 2.9 6.7 9.2 20.5 8.2 0.175 16.941 0.38446 0.02867
Rwanda 2000 2.4 2.3 3.5 5.2 14.6 5.7 0.164 12.200 0.21090 0.06294
Senegal 1997 1.0 1.6 4.8 11.6 23.6 8.1 0.042 22.600 0.52113 0.02817
South Africa 1998 34.0 45.1 54.5 62.1 70.3 55.1 0.484 36.300 0.13618 0.00688
Tanzania 1996 4.9 7.2 10.0 14.1 28.9 13.3 0.170 24.000 0.33190 0.02078
Tanzania 1999 5.6 12.8 11.8 20.4 32.1 16.9 0.174 26.500 0.27361 0.02168
Tanzania 2004 10.7 12.8 15.6 24.1 36.0 20.0 0.298 25.312 0.18557 0.01358
Togo 1998 3.3 4.9 7.0 7.5 12.5 7.0 0.264 9.200 0.23834 0.02845
Uganda 1995 2.1 2.7 4.1 6.2 25.8 7.8 0.081 23.700 0.66008 0.03373
Uganda 2000/01 11.3 9.3 11.9 19.5 40.6 18.2 0.278 29.300 0.36349 0.01824
Zambia 1996 5.4 10.3 8.4 18.1 31.3 14.4 0.173 25.900 0.34414 0.02182
Zambia 2001 10.8 13.2 19.7 31.3 52.5 25.3 0.206 41.700 0.32306 0.01433
Zimbabwe 1994 31.2 32.7 38.0 49.9 55.8 42.2 0.559 24.600 0.12549 0.01127
Zimbabwe 1999 41.1 42.1 42.8 53.7 67.4 50.4 0.610 26.300 0.09751 0.00938
G. ALL COUNTRIES 20.7 24.6 27.6 31.3 38.7 28.7 0.534 18.051 0.25924 0.02012
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CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE AMONG MEN

Indonesia 2002/03 1.1 0.5 0.8 2.4 3.2 1.6 0.345 2.118 0.45299 0.05794
Philippines 2003 21.4 29.4 36.0 34.4 31.5 30.5 0.680 10.103 0.08197 0.01575

Kazakhstan 1999 46.2 49.4 52.8 63.0 56.5 54.6 0.818 10.300 0.03272 0.01789
Turkey 1998 21.3 37.7 39.6 51.4 53.5 42.2 0.398 32.200 0.15200 0.01449

Bolivia 1998 7.4 16.5 22.5 32.5 36.4 23.6 0.203 29.000 0.22965 0.02064
Bolivia 2003 14.6 17.7 26.5 40.2 38.0 27.3 0.385 23.380 0.17555 0.01541
Brazil 1996 52.8 66.0 72.6 70.3 77.8 68.6 0.679 25.000 0.07430 0.00961
Haiti 1994/95 6.6 12.2 19.5 21.7 27.3 16.9 0.242 20.700 0.22506 0.04373
Haiti 2000 22.0 28.9 22.2 21.3 20.8 23.5 1.058 1.200 na na
Nicaragua 1997/98 45.2 59.5 63.1 67.8 68.5 61.1 0.660 23.300 0.08512 0.01089
Peru 1996 22.7 37.7 42.8 46.1 62.0 43.1 0.366 39.300 0.15863 0.01543

Bangladesh 1996/97 45.5 46.1 51.3 45.1 54.4 48.5 0.836 8.900 0.03755 0.01042
Bangladesh 1999/2000 43.4 47.8 53.3 53.8 57.4 51.3 0.756 14.000 0.05978 0.01099
Nepal 2001 29.3 35.5 38.9 49.9 61.1 43.6 0.480 31.800 0.14906 0.01342
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CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 3.3 3.4 8.0 14.5 20.0 9.5 0.165 16.700 0.40545 0.04764
Benin 2001 10.1 8.5 8.8 16.6 22.5 13.0 0.449 12.400 0.20344 0.03921
Burkina Faso 1992/93 2.3 2.1 2.6 8.2 22.4 6.7 0.103 20.078 0.69549 0.06790
Burkina Faso 1998/99 4.8 8.4 11.9 11.2 30.1 13.5 0.159 25.300 0.39928 0.04052
Cameroon 1998 2.2 6.3 10.7 16.9 30.3 13.1 0.073 28.100 0.42669 0.03914
Chad 1996/97 0.6 0.7 0.0 1.9 10.7 3.0 0.056 10.100 0.86141 0.12377
Chad 2004 0.0 2.0 2.4 5.3 14.1 4.9 - 14.102 0.58949 0.07223
Comoros 1996 2.4 15.2 6.9 19.4 25.8 14.2 0.093 23.400 0.31764 0.06640
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 2.8 4.7 4.6 10.0 15.3 7.1 0.183 12.500 0.36178 0.06468
Eritrea 1995 0.0 0.9 3.3 4.4 29.9 7.2 - 29.900 0.78461 0.09564
Ethiopia 2000 1.9 3.7 2.8 6.0 31.6 8.8 0.060 29.700 0.64633 0.05882
Gabon 2000 9.7 19.8 28.9 25.7 32.8 24.3 0.296 23.100 0.20027 0.03246
Ghana 1993 6.1 11.9 17.5 28.1 32.2 19.9 0.189 26.100 0.26049 0.04014
Ghana 1998 11.3 17.0 19.0 25.2 24.8 19.7 0.456 13.500 0.14894 0.03871
Ghana 2003 11.6 21.2 25.1 28.7 31.7 23.9 0.366 20.129 0.16804 0.01852
Guinea 1999 4.7 3.6 5.9 13.4 18.6 8.8 0.253 13.900 0.35549 0.06341
Kenya 1993 9.4 20.5 34.7 41.0 45.4 31.9 0.208 35.930 0.22607 0.01937
Kenya 1998 17.9 28.3 40.4 44.7 54.6 39.1 0.328 36.700 0.18982 0.01661
Kenya 2003 12.7 21.9 28.5 37.4 38.1 29.4 0.333 25.407 0.20196 0.01904
Malawi 1992 4.8 8.6 6.1 13.2 24.9 12.5 0.193 20.100 0.36002 0.05511
Malawi 2000 20.9 27.5 27.0 24.5 31.6 26.7 0.662 10.666 0.07143 0.02920
Mali 1995/96 1.0 3.9 6.5 14.3 18.7 8.4 0.053 17.700 0.41681 0.04861
Mali 2001 7.6 5.6 6.2 12.7 19.1 10.2 0.398 11.500 0.29410 0.04308
Mauritania 2000/01 2.0 1.2 2.4 9.5 16.9 7.1 0.118 14.900 0.60983 0.07055
Mozambique 1997 0.6 1.3 4.9 6.7 20.3 6.5 0.030 19.700 0.67073 0.07568
Mozambique 2003 1.8 5.4 8.0 13.4 29.6 10.0 0.060 27.824 0.54620 0.04692
Namibia 2000 20.0 32.8 41.7 40.0 60.2 42.6 0.332 40.200 0.13863 0.01982
Niger 1998 1.7 2.9 2.9 5.2 26.0 7.6 0.065 24.300 0.65825 0.05453
Nigeria 2003 3.3 3.0 6.7 11.4 21.6 9.4 0.152 18.305 0.36117 0.05343
Senegal 1997 1.6 3.1 6.6 10.8 28.3 9.5 0.057 26.700 0.51145 0.04187
Tanzania 1996 7.9 8.7 13.7 16.4 30.3 15.9 0.261 22.400 0.28432 0.03932
Tanzania 1999 10.5 18.1 22.5 25.3 34.9 23.0 0.301 24.400 0.19347 0.02031
Tanzania 2004 17.3 23.4 22.7 29.8 36.3 25.7 0.475 19.049 0.09082 0.02408
Togo 1998 6.2 13.4 14.1 18.9 25.7 15.7 0.241 19.500 0.28285 0.03152
Uganda 1995 3.2 2.9 6.6 11.2 30.0 10.3 0.107 26.800 0.61036 0.05455
Zambia 1996 12.0 20.4 10.2 25.2 37.0 21.3 0.324 25.000 0.22314 0.03996
Zimbabwe 1994 37.1 42.0 48.1 55.6 69.7 54.5 0.532 32.600 0.11653 0.01574
Zimbabwe 1999 50.7 49.1 59.4 62.0 72.7 60.9 0.697 22.000 0.06561 0.01341
G. ALL COUNTRIES 14.6 19.3 21.7 26.4 34.1 23.5 0.427 19.551 0.30379 0.04023
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SOURCE OF CONTRACEPTION IN PUBLIC SECTOR AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 46.7 42.7 48.8 47.5 39.6 44.7 1.179 7.100 -0.03244 0.01625
Indonesia 1997 50.9 48.2 42.8 37.4 30.0 41.5 1.697 20.900 -0.10032 0.00554
Indonesia 2002/03 36.5 32.8 27.0 23.3 20.5 27.8 1.779 16.003 -0.11415 0.00682
Philippines 1998 90.4 85.1 79.8 63.8 44.7 71.5 2.022 45.700 -0.11555 0.00667
Philippines 2003 83.4 77.8 72.0 63.9 43.2 66.9 1.932 40.229 -0.11329 0.00717
Vietnam 1997 87.7 91.0 91.8 90.1 75.9 87.3 1.155 11.800 -0.02752 0.00466
Vietnam 2002 87.0 89.9 91.7 85.9 66.8 84.6 1.302 20.200 -0.04918 0.00513
Armenia 2000 81.2 89.8 82.5 81.2 77.8 82.1 1.044 3.400 -0.01412 0.00944
Kazakhstan 1995 96.3 97.3 95.0 93.3 91.0 94.1 1.058 5.300 -0.01595 0.00430
Kazakhstan 1999 95.3 94.8 93.4 85.3 87.7 90.7 1.087 7.600 -0.01715 0.00389
Kyrgyzstan 1997 98.2 98.0 98.4 96.8 95.1 97.1 1.033 3.100 -0.00484 0.00278
Turkey 1993 65.8 65.8 62.7 57.7 37.8 54.7 1.741 28.000 -0.11896 0.01096
Turkey 1998 65.2 68.8 66.0 59.6 34.8 55.8 1.874 30.400 -0.12672 0.01088
Uzbekistan 1996 97.9 98.8 98.9 98.4 97.5 98.3 1.004 0.400 -0.00125 0.00198
Bolivia 1998 67.8 55.6 51.3 43.1 28.3 42.3 2.396 39.500 -0.17443 0.01569
Bolivia 2003 73.0 71.1 58.2 50.1 40.5 54.9 1.802 32.490 -0.14000 0.00836
Brazil 1996 69.0 56.3 44.8 38.6 30.9 45.7 2.233 38.100 -0.16479 0.00823
Colombia 1995 44.3 34.9 26.0 24.1 18.2 27.9 2.434 26.100 -0.15186 0.01534
Colombia 2000 46.1 35.1 27.9 25.1 20.9 30.2 2.206 25.200 -0.14723 0.01418
Colombia 2005 61.2 48.9 41.8 34.5 31.9 42.7 1.917 29.263 -0.12395 0.00595
Guatemala 1995 43.0 33.7 32.9 33.6 16.8 26.5 2.560 26.200 -0.17576 0.02310
Guatemala 1998/99 54.7 46.7 41.3 31.9 31.6 35.0 1.731 23.100 -0.12753 0.02580
Haiti 1994/95 (59.3) (70.9) 59.8 59.3 45.1 56.5 1.315 104.400 -0.09045 0.02581
Haiti 2000 42.9 24.8 24.0 24.8 16.5 25.4 2.600 26.400 -0.13277 0.02811
Nicaragua 1997/98 74.4 69.7 62.5 59.5 49.4 61.6 1.506 25.000 -0.07181 0.00655
Nicaragua 2001 79.3 77.2 68.0 62.7 41.3 64.0 1.920 38.000 -0.10167 0.00605
Paraguay 1990 27.2 24.2 22.4 16.9 14.7 19.3 1.850 12.500 -0.13116 0.03154
Peru 1996 92.4 82.7 76.6 68.9 47.8 71.1 1.933 44.600 -0.10923 0.00393
Peru 2000 94.1 90.2 87.8 78.7 55.3 80.1 1.702 38.800 -0.08268 0.00323
Egypt 1995 44.2 45.5 39.5 34.1 25.6 35.7 1.727 18.600 -0.13881 0.00990
Egypt 2000 63.8 56.9 51.8 49.7 31.3 48.6 2.038 32.500 -0.13091 0.00663
Jordan 1997 39.8 36.0 30.6 24.2 17.0 27.9 2.341 22.800 -0.13956 0.02537
Morocco 1992 80.6 81.0 73.2 57.6 40.9 62.6 1.971 39.700 -0.14841 0.00959
Morocco 2003/04 65.7 63.0 61.2 49.2 32.0 53.7 2.052 33.666 -0.11146 0.00761
Yemen 1997 (65.7) 49.4 50.2 53.5 45.6 49.2 1.441 111.300 -0.05441 0.01806
E. SOUTH ASIA 85.7 76.9 76.2 68.6 48.2 67.0 1.778 37.495 -0.11839 0.00838
Bangladesh 1996/97 42.8 41.6 33.5 34.6 22.6 34.5 1.894 20.200 -0.13491 0.01265
Bangladesh 1999/2000 83.7 79.1 70.2 59.5 37.4 64.5 2.238 46.300 -0.15535 0.00596
Bangladesh 2004 76.1 66.9 59.7 54.8 30.6 56.9 2.489 45.517 -0.15945 0.00633
India 1992/93 94.2 91.5 89.7 81.6 55.3 78.8 1.703 38.900 -0.11324 0.00169
India 1998/99 91.9 89.2 86.0 76.2 51.6 76.0 1.781 40.300 -0.11703 0.00166
Nepal 1996 88.1 86.9 83.5 82.6 68.0 79.4 1.296 20.100 -0.06742 0.00674
Nepal 2001 89.0 88.0 86.7 79.9 65.9 79.4 1.351 23.100 -0.07184 0.00563
Pakistan 1990/91 * (63.6) 72.3 63.5 44.6 55.7 - - -0.12525 0.01990
- 139 -
SOURCE OF CONTRACEPTION IN PUBLIC SECTOR AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 * * * (50.1) 52.0 51.3 - - -0.01043 0.05012
Benin 2001 (54.6) (49.6) 70.3 56.8 50.1 56.0 1.090 104.700 -0.02985 0.03063
Burkina Faso 1992/93 * * * (81.8) 63.6 65.4 - - * *
Burkina Faso 1998/99 * (59.1) * * 71.6 70.7 - - -0.02981 0.02132
Burkina Faso 2003 (65.2) 64.0 73.7 80.0 67.7 70.0 0.963 132.988 -0.03010 0.01471
Cameroon 1991 * * * (24.1) 25.3 30.6 - - -0.09835 0.07548
Cameroon 1998 * * (57.8) 34.9 40.9 43.4 - - -0.08198 0.03711
Cameroon 2004 (33.9) 38.6 28.4 24.6 25.9 27.2 1.308 59.778 -0.05401 0.03265
Central African Republic 1994/95 * * * (48.9) 47.9 52.4 - - -0.08754 0.04280
Chad 1996/97 * * * * 65.7 61.4 - - 0.03381 0.04294
Chad 2004 * * * 64.6 na 63.0 - - 0.09383 0.06713
Comoros 1996 * (85.4) (85.3) (90.3) 81.4 86.0 - - -0.02541 0.01878
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 * * * 36.0 39.4 33.7 - - 0.10692 0.05396
Eritrea 1995 * * * * 83.3 79.7 - - 0.02753 0.02323
Ethiopia 2000 (96.1) (93.0) 89.6 76.8 77.0 80.9 1.248 173.100 -0.10115 0.01001
Gabon 2000 (32.2) 29.9 37.9 39.2 34.0 35.4 0.947 66.200 0.01873 0.03765
Ghana 1993 (69.0) (50.0) 44.4 47.4 46.5 48.8 1.484 115.500 -0.05604 0.03239
Ghana 1998 60.7 53.9 58.7 45.9 44.2 51.0 1.373 16.500 -0.06901 0.02568
Ghana 2003 60.0 50.2 50.4 47.9 44.9 49.2 1.338 15.158 -0.05233 0.02151
Guinea 1999 * * (58.9) 59.0 51.5 58.1 - - -0.04787 0.03058
Kenya 1993 77.8 82.6 66.2 78.5 59.6 70.0 1.305 18.164 -0.06911 0.01129
Kenya 1998 74.6 72.2 72.0 63.8 52.1 63.5 1.432 22.500 -0.09623 0.01189
Kenya 2003 67.9 64.1 65.4 57.9 38.6 54.7 1.759 29.329 -0.13158 0.01235
Madagascar 1997 * (73.1) (71.1) 66.2 37.6 52.8 - - -0.16819 0.02311
Malawi 1992 * * (77.3) 70.1 69.8 70.5 - - -0.01805 0.02128
Malawi 2000 73.1 74.1 72.5 73.3 60.7 69.7 1.204 12.400 -0.04505 0.00811
Mali 1995/96 * * (32.6) 53.9 61.8 57.2 - - 0.05317 0.02636
Mali 2001 33.3 29.9 49.2 54.8 49.1 46.3 0.678 15.800 0.04996 0.02277
Mauritania 2000/01 * * * 73.1 54.4 62.3 - - -0.09829 0.02544
Mozambique 1997 (96.8) * 90.2 96.5 83.5 88.0 - - -0.03860 0.00988
Mozambique 2003 27.0 30.1 37.7 55.2 73.6 48.3 0.367 46.650 0.18816 0.01312
Namibia 1992 * (100.0) 93.0 95.5 69.0 79.2 - - -0.10952 0.01327
Namibia 2000 98.5 88.6 92.6 93.5 66.4 82.7 1.483 32.100 -0.10300 0.00789
Niger 1998 * (92.9) (96.0) (91.5) 80.9 85.2 - - -0.06939 0.01278
Nigeria 1990 * * (69.7) 37.1 45.1 43.0 - - 0.01199 0.03797
Nigeria 2003 (36.7) (56.0) 26.0 22.0 26.1 28.5 1.406 62.794 -0.05256 0.04801
Rwanda 2000 * (81.4) (67.1) 77.4 57.9 64.9 - - -0.09032 0.02469
Senegal 1997 * * 80.1 79.7 61.3 69.7 - - -0.09672 0.01948
South Africa 1998 98.0 91.5 91.2 85.4 54.9 78.3 1.785 43.100 -0.11917 0.00555
Tanzania 1996 84.1 81.5 84.4 80.2 71.9 77.5 1.170 12.200 -0.04892 0.01124
Tanzania 1999 (77.0) (73.0) 69.7 91.0 64.2 73.4 1.199 141.200 -0.04309 0.01562
Tanzania 2004 78.1 79.6 75.5 73.7 67.0 72.7 1.165 11.083 -0.02553 0.00910
Togo 1998 (82.5) 71.9 69.8 70.2 48.8 63.9 1.691 131.300 -0.10453 0.01976
Uganda 1995 * * (79.6) 51.7 46.6 51.9 - - -0.02565 0.02526
Uganda 2000/01 27.7 44.0 38.2 37.2 36.9 36.7 0.751 9.200 0.04164 0.02442
Zambia 1996 64.5 74.3 68.2 77.4 50.4 63.7 1.280 14.100 -0.06632 0.01728
Zambia 2001 58.3 66.4 65.4 71.7 52.4 61.3 1.113 5.900 -0.04174 0.01463
Zimbabwe 1994 91.3 86.3 89.1 79.8 72.0 81.8 1.268 19.300 -0.05620 0.00747
Zimbabwe 1999 91.1 88.5 83.9 77.4 62.7 77.8 1.453 28.400 -0.07257 0.00758
G. ALL COUNTRIES 66.8 65.8 64.1 60.7 50.8 59.6 1.315 15.984 -0.06650 0.01749
- 140 -
SOURCE OF CONTRACEPTION IN PUBLIC SECTOR AMONG MEN


Kazakhstan 1999 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.000 0.000 na na
Turkey 1998 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.000 0.000 na na

Bolivia 1998 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.000 0.000 na na
Brazil 1996 63.9 56.7 44.6 39.3 28.6 44.3 2.234 35.300 -0.14934 0.01808
Dominican Republic 1996 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.000 0.000 na na

Nepal 2001 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.000 0.000 na na
- 141 -
SOURCE OF CONTRACEPTION IN PUBLIC SECTOR AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Eritrea 1995 * * * * 100.0 100.0 - - na na
Guinea 1999 * * * (100.0) (100.0) 100.0 - - na na
Malawi 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.05193 0.02115
- 142 -
SOURCE OF CONTRACEPTION IN PRIVATE SECTOR AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 50.6 56.1 48.0 47.5 47.9 49.5 1.056 2.700 0.03498 0.01987
Indonesia 1997 44.8 47.3 52.2 59.9 69.0 55.0 0.649 24.200 0.08836 0.00388
Indonesia 2002/03 59.4 63.9 70.9 75.7 78.5 70.0 0.756 19.145 0.05676 0.00276
Philippines 1998 9.0 13.7 19.4 34.1 54.8 27.4 0.164 45.800 0.31978 0.01868
Philippines 2003 15.9 21.3 27.1 35.3 54.3 31.9 0.292 38.435 0.22814 0.01501
Vietnam 1997 11.9 8.2 7.6 9.3 21.8 11.7 0.546 9.900 0.17182 0.03451
Vietnam 2002 9.8 9.0 8.0 13.0 30.9 13.9 0.317 21.100 0.30087 0.03024
Armenia 2000 14.7 5.3 7.7 8.1 10.6 9.1 1.387 4.100 -0.02067 0.06388
Kazakhstan 1995 3.7 1.2 3.7 4.3 7.2 4.3 0.514 3.500 0.25755 0.08396
Kazakhstan 1999 3.0 3.6 5.1 11.3 7.2 6.5 0.417 4.200 0.13697 0.04611
Kyrgyzstan 1997 0.2 1.0 0.9 2.7 3.3 1.8 0.061 3.100 -0.01973 0.17326
Turkey 1993 32.6 33.0 36.6 41.7 60.3 44.1 0.541 27.700 0.14487 0.01386
Turkey 1998 30.9 29.9 33.1 39.5 63.6 42.8 0.486 32.700 0.16705 0.01419
Uzbekistan 1996 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.385 0.800 0.62855 0.45743
Bolivia 1998 31.1 41.0 47.7 54.4 70.0 55.7 0.444 38.900 0.13905 0.01189
Bolivia 2003 7.8 18.5 32.6 42.7 55.1 36.4 0.141 47.321 0.26799 0.01152
Brazil 1996 28.9 42.4 53.6 59.8 67.5 52.6 0.428 38.600 0.14964 0.00746
Colombia 1995 54.7 64.7 73.8 75.2 81.3 71.5 0.673 26.600 0.06094 0.00608
Colombia 2000 48.0 62.1 68.8 71.8 76.0 66.3 0.632 28.000 0.07282 0.00668
Colombia 2005 38.4 50.2 57.5 64.4 67.1 56.5 0.572 28.695 0.09341 0.00451
Guatemala 1995 55.7 59.0 64.6 64.8 81.2 71.2 0.686 25.500 0.07052 0.00880
Guatemala 1998/99 42.2 51.5 54.3 65.6 66.2 62.4 0.637 24.000 0.07592 0.01493
Haiti 1994/95 (40.7) (29.1) 38.8 38.5 52.7 41.9 0.772 93.400 0.12166 0.03540
Haiti 2000 55.9 73.3 75.0 72.1 81.8 72.8 0.683 25.900 0.04573 0.00989
Nicaragua 1997/98 23.5 28.4 35.3 37.2 47.4 35.8 0.496 23.900 0.12061 0.01122
Nicaragua 2001 16.7 20.3 28.9 34.5 55.2 32.8 0.303 38.500 0.20245 0.01156
Paraguay 1990 66.0 70.9 75.6 79.1 81.4 76.7 0.811 15.400 0.04590 0.00936
Peru 1996 6.8 15.8 21.7 28.6 48.9 26.8 0.139 42.100 0.25997 0.01054
Peru 2000 1.9 7.9 10.4 19.8 41.7 17.6 0.046 39.800 0.39080 0.01440
Egypt 1995 53.4 53.1 58.9 64.5 73.1 62.8 0.731 19.700 0.07921 0.00572
Egypt 2000 36.1 43.0 48.2 50.3 68.6 51.3 0.526 32.500 0.11488 0.00662
Jordan 1997 60.2 64.0 69.4 75.8 83.0 72.1 0.725 22.800 0.04149 0.00854
Morocco 1992 19.4 18.6 26.1 41.9 58.9 37.1 0.329 39.500 0.26518 0.01668
Morocco 2003/04 33.5 35.1 37.3 49.7 66.1 44.8 0.507 32.618 0.13369 0.00906
Yemen 1997 (24.6) 43.8 47.7 42.3 52.7 47.7 0.467 77.300 0.07803 0.01870
E. SOUTH ASIA 12.2 18.8 20.7 26.4 46.2 28.2 0.265 34.002 0.27843 0.02035
Bangladesh 1996/97 53.7 54.2 63.8 61.3 71.8 61.3 0.748 18.100 0.06460 0.00754
Bangladesh 1999/2000 15.5 19.2 28.9 39.1 61.0 34.2 0.254 45.500 0.28734 0.01101
Bangladesh 2004 23.1 32.3 39.5 44.9 69.0 42.5 0.335 45.943 0.21692 0.00846
India 1992/93 4.3 7.5 9.1 17.4 43.1 19.9 0.100 38.800 0.36995 0.00768
India 1998/99 7.3 9.7 13.0 22.3 46.4 22.6 0.157 39.100 0.38001 0.00548
Nepal 1996 7.2 7.2 9.0 11.5 26.9 14.8 0.268 19.700 0.40524 0.03404
Nepal 2001 6.3 8.6 9.4 15.0 28.7 15.9 0.220 22.400 0.34216 0.02691
Pakistan 1990/91 * (24.6) 20.9 23.2 40.8 31.8 - - 0.17462 0.04056
- 143 -
SOURCE OF CONTRACEPTION IN PRIVATE SECTOR AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 * * * (36.4) 46.1 40.6 - - 0.09739 0.06131
Benin 2001 (28.5) (43.5) 24.3 37.0 45.5 37.3 0.626 74.000 0.08486 0.04129
Burkina Faso 1992/93 * * * (14.6) 26.4 22.5 - - * *
Burkina Faso 1998/99 * (40.9) * * 25.3 26.0 - - 0.05544 0.07720
Burkina Faso 2003 (28.3) 32.2 22.4 17.2 29.9 26.9 0.948 58.224 0.10733 0.03572
Cameroon 1991 * * * (66.4) 70.3 64.9 - - 0.07181 0.04335
Cameroon 1998 * * (42.2) 64.4 58.6 56.1 - - 0.06945 0.03212
Cameroon 2004 (61.7) 60.5 64.1 70.4 67.7 67.2 0.911 129.450 0.01589 0.01384
Central African Republic 1994/95 * * * (45.3) 45.2 41.0 - - 0.11729 0.04980
Chad 1996/97 * * * * 34.3 38.6 - - -0.08384 0.10584
Chad 2004 * * * 32.3 na 33.2 - - -0.12140 0.12701
Comoros 1996 * (4.9) (11.8) (6.5) 10.2 8.1 - - 0.18559 0.19772
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 * * * 59.7 58.8 61.6 - - -0.02932 0.03253
Eritrea 1995 * * * * 14.6 18.3 - - -0.07837 0.11282
Ethiopia 2000 (3.9) (6.7) 9.9 23.2 21.0 17.7 0.188 24.905 0.66109 0.06240
Gabon 2000 (63.0) 62.1 53.8 57.5 62.2 59.3 1.013 125.200 -0.00328 0.02045
Ghana 1993 (27.6) (47.2) 53.7 51.3 51.9 49.4 0.532 79.500 0.07744 0.03423
Ghana 1998 35.0 44.4 36.8 54.1 54.0 46.9 0.648 19.000 0.07623 0.02580
Ghana 2003 36.6 45.0 47.5 52.1 53.5 48.7 0.684 16.924 0.06267 0.02130
Guinea 1999 * * (38.0) 36.0 42.1 35.9 - - 0.08952 0.05047
Kenya 1993 16.4 12.1 25.6 15.9 33.2 23.3 0.493 16.850 0.19410 0.03189
Kenya 1998 25.4 26.7 27.4 35.0 47.0 35.7 0.540 21.600 0.18227 0.02210
Kenya 2003 32.1 35.9 34.4 41.8 61.3 45.1 0.523 29.247 0.15894 0.01488
Madagascar 1997 * (26.9) (28.9) 32.3 61.2 46.2 - - 0.20824 0.02932
Malawi 1992 * * (22.7) 29.9 29.0 28.4 - - 0.02954 0.05232
Malawi 2000 26.2 25.6 26.5 26.4 38.9 29.8 0.674 12.700 0.11203 0.02021
Mali 1995/96 * * (67.4) 39.0 35.6 39.3 - - -0.06964 0.03670
Mali 2001 19.5 32.9 34.9 31.1 44.9 36.6 0.434 25.400 0.15073 0.02583
Mauritania 2000/01 * * * 21.5 35.6 29.2 - - 0.16240 0.05523
Mozambique 1997 0.0 * 9.8 3.5 9.9 8.1 - 9.900 0.50283 0.14374
Mozambique 2003 69.8 64.0 56.9 35.8 21.9 46.4 3.182 47.876 -0.18818 0.01388
Namibia 1992 * 0.0 3.2 3.7 27.9 17.9 - - 0.50036 0.04864
Namibia 2000 1.5 6.1 2.7 4.1 31.8 15.0 0.047 30.300 0.60052 0.04460
Niger 1998 * (3.0) (4.0) (3.5) 18.4 13.3 - - 0.61901 0.10001
Nigeria 1990 * * (23.2) 60.3 50.1 53.0 - - -0.07745 0.04606
Nigeria 2003 (54.9) (39.5) 66.9 68.4 63.5 62.5 0.864 118.430 0.02721 0.02273
Rwanda 2000 * (14.2) (28.4) 18.2 34.9 29.6 - - 0.65465 0.06995
Senegal 1997 * * 19.9 20.3 37.5 29.0 - - 0.25581 0.04609
South Africa 1998 0.8 7.0 8.3 12.9 40.6 19.4 0.020 39.800 0.45745 0.02282
Tanzania 1996 8.5 16.0 13.0 15.4 25.1 19.0 0.339 16.600 0.20074 0.04500
Tanzania 1999 (23.0) (27.0) 28.7 9.0 35.2 26.1 0.653 58.200 0.11301 0.04473
Tanzania 2004 14.9 15.5 22.6 22.4 31.8 24.3 0.470 16.870 0.10745 0.02576
Togo 1998 (14.5) 26.0 30.2 29.8 48.3 34.4 0.300 62.800 0.40718 0.08226
Uganda 1995 * * (17.3) 48.3 51.6 46.3 - - 0.03467 0.03865
Uganda 2000/01 44.8 39.0 40.3 52.3 57.1 50.4 0.785 12.300 0.16756 0.02251
Zambia 1996 28.3 20.9 31.8 17.0 47.4 32.7 0.597 19.100 0.13011 0.03178
Zambia 2001 33.7 27.3 31.9 27.0 46.9 36.4 0.719 13.200 0.08732 0.02157
Zimbabwe 1994 7.0 12.6 9.1 19.5 26.0 16.8 0.269 19.000 0.27666 0.03662
Zimbabwe 1999 7.5 10.6 15.6 20.9 35.7 20.9 0.210 28.200 0.25392 0.02644
G. ALL COUNTRIES 27.7 29.8 32.3 35.7 45.5 36.4 0.608 17.804 0.17672 0.04447
- 144 -
SOURCE OF CONTRACEPTION IN PRIVATE SECTOR AMONG MEN



Brazil 1996 29.9 38.7 50.4 57.6 67.1 51.2 0.446 37.200 0.14798 0.01588

- 145 -
SOURCE OF CONTRACEPTION IN PRIVATE SECTOR AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Malawi 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.09757 0.04701
- 146 -
TREATMENT OF GENITAL DISCHARGE, ULCER, SORE AMONG WOMEN


Armenia 2000 32.6 45.6 39.0 41.7 51.8 42.1 0.629 19.200 0.06370 0.01952
Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * * - - 0.02277 0.13851
Brazil 1996 52.1 60.7 67.2 70.7 77.9 66.0 0.669 25.800 0.07344 0.00754
Colombia 2005 4.7 4.6 5.0 4.1 3.8 4.4 1.247 0.931 -0.03876 0.01441
Haiti 1994/95 * * * * (85.9) 76.3 - - 0.07703 0.03156
Haiti 2000 34.1 29.9 44.3 44.6 55.4 43.1 0.616 21.300 0.10565 0.02662
Nicaragua 2001 2.6 3.6 7.6 12.2 8.4 7.1 0.310 5.800 0.24051 0.05344
Peru 1996 * (76.4) (85.4) (68.3) (86.4) 77.2 - - 0.05512 0.02726
Peru 2000 40.7 50.9 66.2 73.8 72.5 63.0 0.561 31.800 0.10541 0.00601

Bangladesh 1999/2000 13.2 18.7 25.9 29.3 41.8 25.3 0.316 28.600 0.23432 0.01600
Bangladesh 2004 17.2 24.4 33.5 32.0 49.6 31.1 0.347 32.419 0.20177 0.01713
- 147 -
TREATMENT OF GENITAL DISCHARGE, ULCER, SORE AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 * * * * * * - - 0.17183 0.08688
Benin 2001 * * * (61.6) 70.7 58.1 - - 0.13962 0.03365
Burkina Faso 1998/99 * * * * (71.9) 45.1 - - 0.38943 0.06801
Burkina Faso 2003 (31.1) (41.0) 23.7 42.8 74.6 60.4 0.416 105.670 0.20774 0.01821
Cameroon 1998 * * * (77.8) 88.3 81.3 - - 0.03549 0.02098
Cameroon 2004 55.7 48.4 52.0 62.2 70.7 60.7 0.789 14.940 0.08403 0.01417
Chad 1996/97 * * * * * (40.7) - - 0.22540 0.10685
Chad 2004 17.7 29.7 (45.1) 54.6 65.5 45.0 0.270 47.771 0.31604 0.03232
Gabon 2000 52.5 52.7 59.2 65.9 68.8 60.2 0.763 16.300 0.06280 0.01384
Ghana 2003 15.8 27.5 28.0 47.5 53.1 37.8 0.298 37.262 0.24332 0.03226
Guinea 1999 45.9 32.6 52.4 69.0 69.8 57.0 0.658 23.900 0.12157 0.02172
Kenya 1998 * (88.8) (81.9) * * 87.9 - - 0.04464 0.02084
Kenya 2003 (54.1) 59.1 (62.0) 58.5 72.2 61.7 0.750 126.272 0.05153 0.02728
Madagascar 1997 (36.7) (45.4) (40.7) (54.2) (53.1) 45.5 0.691 16.400 0.07459 0.04900
Malawi 2000 13.0 19.2 17.3 22.6 44.1 22.2 0.295 31.100 0.22425 0.03135
Mali 1995/96 * * * * (65.8) 46.4 - - 0.20553 0.06180
Mali 2001 14.7 19.0 15.5 31.6 60.2 32.4 0.244 45.500 0.30670 0.01477
Mozambique 2003 48.3 54.9 60.0 69.7 74.3 64.3 0.650 25.980 0.10112 0.01478
Niger 1998 * * * * * (21.9) - - 0.27081 0.21302
Nigeria 2003 19.9 21.2 44.0 49.9 58.1 40.7 0.341 38.289 0.16895 0.03577
Rwanda 2000 * (14.5) * (21.0) 48.3 26.6 - - 0.35109 0.06083
Senegal 1997 * * * * * (59.1) - - 0.10423 0.06613
Tanzania 1996 (51.0) (52.8) (50.5) (48.6) (49.8) 50.6 1.024 1.200 -0.00717 0.04348
Tanzania 2004 57.1 48.3 65.6 64.6 60.3 59.5 0.947 3.195 0.02832 0.02107
Togo 1998 * * * * * (28.8) - - 0.40115 0.16655
Uganda 1995 (74.9) * (66.2) (67.7) 85.2 75.4 - - 0.02534 0.01691
Uganda 2000/01 47.4 47.3 51.8 55.2 62.1 54.5 0.763 14.700 0.06921 0.01590
Zambia 1996 (55.6) (76.5) (78.6) (86.9) * 77.5 - - 0.09048 0.02517
Zambia 2001 44.2 49.4 51.2 49.1 61.5 51.2 0.719 17.300 0.07623 0.02946
Zimbabwe 1994 (34.4) (57.2) (45.9) (41.8) * 45.9 - - 0.06389 0.04953
Zimbabwe 1999 55.6 73.3 69.7 57.0 63.1 62.1 0.881 7.500 0.00300 0.02352
G. ALL COUNTRIES na na na na na 44.2 na na 0.13639 0.04061
- 148 -
TREATMENT OF GENITAL DISCHARGE, ULCER, SORE AMONG MEN

Philippines 2003 * * * * * 32.8 - - 0.07782 0.10532

Armenia 2000 * * 0.0 * * * - - 0.39417 0.24876
Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * * - - -0.13323 0.21392

Bolivia 2003 * * * (72.0) (72.0) 62.1 - - 0.01662 0.03427
Brazil 1996 (43.9) (54.2) * (38.8) * 44.6 - - -0.09450 0.05690
Dominican Republic 1996 * * * * * (12.4) - - -0.04346 0.06773
Haiti 1994/95 * * (18.6) (26.3) * 25.8 - - -0.00086 0.09143
Haiti 2000 27.8 (76.7) (70.9) (52.0) * 57.0 - - 0.01788 0.03104
Peru 1996 * * * * * 42.8 - - -0.02744 0.10189

Bangladesh 1999/2000 (27.4) 39.9 (26.1) (37.8) (38.0) 33.9 0.721 10.600 0.03224 0.05104
Bangladesh 2004 16.5 21.5 22.7 18.7 22.5 20.3 0.733 6.012 0.07206 0.03874
- 149 -
TREATMENT OF GENITAL DISCHARGE, ULCER, SORE AMONG MEN (Cont.)

F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na 50.8 na na 0.04855 0.08847
Benin 1996 * * * * * 38.5 - - 0.17124 0.07019
Benin 2001 * * * * (74.2) 55.3 - - 0.18680 0.04633
Burkina Faso 1998/99 * * * * (54.1) 43.1 - - 0.10419 0.07867
Burkina Faso 2003 * * * * (32.6) 32.0 - - 0.09491 0.07912
Cameroon 1998 * * (58.8) 58.8 59.0 56.9 - - 0.01689 0.02889
Cameroon 2004 (45.1) (52.6) 54.3 52.6 64.2 56.6 0.703 109.308 0.06336 0.02600
Central African Republic 1994/95 (37.7) (38.0) (47.7) (60.8) (53.5) 48.4 0.705 15.800 0.09870 0.04301
Chad 1996/97 * * * * (59.9) 38.7 - - 0.31987 0.08739
Chad 2004 * * * * * 59.9 - - 0.01529 0.06743
Eritrea 1995 * * 0.0 * * * - - -0.21750 0.71249
Ethiopia 2000 * * * * * (45.5) - - 0.07080 0.08037
Gabon 2000 (81.0) 80.0 (70.8) (66.0) (72.1) 73.2 1.123 8.900 -0.04331 0.02473
Ghana 2003 (29.6) (36.0) * (31.7) (32.9) 35.8 - - 0.07234 0.05536
Guinea 1999 (62.1) (40.5) (44.9) (74.5) (44.8) 52.1 1.386 17.300 -0.00661 0.04453
Kenya 1998 * (68.5) (52.5) 68.0 (55.2) 63.2 - - -0.03526 0.02870
Kenya 2003 * * * * * 72.1 - - 0.04668 0.03901
Malawi 2000 (12.4) 17.4 (21.6) (41.4) 42.9 28.4 0.289 55.300 0.23774 0.05845
Mali 1995/96 * * * * * 31.5 - - 0.17042 0.09467
Mali 2001 (19.7) (20.0) (17.7) (32.7) (34.7) 25.7 0.568 15.000 0.23047 0.07711
Mauritania 2000/01 * * * * (64.1) 57.3 - - 0.05122 0.08065
Mozambique 2003 (57.7) (66.5) (59.4) (69.8) 81.3 69.7 0.709 139.022 0.04861 0.03225
Namibia 2000 * * * * * 78.9 - - 0.00788 0.03656
Niger 1998 * * * * (40.7) 23.4 - - 0.22290 0.11772
Nigeria 2003 * * * * * 33.3 - - 0.00230 0.10411
Senegal 1997 * * * * * (46.3) - - -0.12289 0.10870
Tanzania 1996 * (58.5) (61.9) (70.5) 62.5 64.6 - - -0.01467 0.03090
Togo 1998 * * * (44.2) 31.3 35.4 - - 0.05126 0.05919
Uganda 1995 * * * (40.2) 50.1 51.9 - - -0.05171 0.04936
Uganda 2000/01 * * * * (65.6) 64.3 - - 0.05360 0.04541
Zambia 1996 * * (46.2) (57.8) (58.9) 58.7 - - -0.03160 0.04433
Zambia 2001 * * (41.4) 47.4 * 51.3 - - -0.01164 0.04536
Zimbabwe 1994 * * * * (61.4) 63.5 - - 0.01037 0.04522
Zimbabwe 1999 (75.4) * (85.9) (70.1) * 72.8 - - -0.03970 0.02962
G. ALL COUNTRIES na na na na na na na na 0.04625 0.09291
- 150 -
TREATMENT OF GENITAL DISCHARGE, ULCER, SORE IN A PUBLIC FACILITY AMONG WOMEN


Armenia 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.07675 0.01581
Kazakhstan 1999 na na na na na na na na 0.21100 0.14319
C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na -0.07983 0.03749

Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.31524 0.12665
Colombia 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.01012 0.00968
Colombia 2005 4.7 4.6 5.0 4.1 3.8 4.4 1.247 0.931 -0.03876 0.01436
Haiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na 0.25465 0.07442
Haiti 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.03008 0.02352
Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na -0.07293 0.01658
Nicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na -0.08383 0.01540
Peru 1996 na na na na na na na na 0.14466 0.15003

Bangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na -0.02544 0.00805
Bangladesh 2004 7.7 6.9 10.2 9.5 12.9 9.4 0.595 5.214 0.07136 0.03839
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TREATMENT OF GENITAL DISCHARGE, ULCER, SORE IN A PUBLIC FACILITY AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na 0.08614 0.05196
Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na 0.09480 0.25836
Burkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na 0.77768 0.24706
Burkina Faso 2003 (31.1) (41.0) 23.7 42.8 74.6 60.4 0.416 105.670 0.20796 0.01831
Cameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na 0.13483 0.07978
Cameroon 2004 55.7 48.4 52.0 62.2 70.7 60.7 0.789 14.940 0.08398 0.01426
Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na 0.01970 0.03442
Chad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na 0.26177 0.11348
Chad 2004 17.7 29.7 (45.1) 54.6 65.5 45.0 0.270 47.771 0.31570 0.03230
Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.03011 0.01717
Ghana 2003 15.8 27.5 28.0 47.5 53.1 37.8 0.298 37.262 0.24375 0.03209
Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na -0.10748 0.13216
Kenya 1998 na na na na na na na na -0.07278 0.07107
Kenya 2003 (54.1) 59.1 (62.0) 58.5 72.2 61.7 0.750 126.272 0.05150 0.02712
Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na -0.13372 0.05837
Malawi 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.00874 0.02200
Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na 0.05412 0.10682
Mali 2001 na na na na na na na na 0.08064 0.01096
Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na -0.19808 0.23476
Nigeria 2003 19.9 21.2 44.0 49.9 58.1 40.7 0.341 38.289 0.16890 0.03622
Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na 0.22760 0.07665
Tanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.05896 0.05256
Tanzania 2004 43.3 43.3 49.1 47.9 40.1 44.4 1.079 3.160 -0.00391 0.02998
Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na 0.08491 0.10746
Uganda 1995 na na na na na na na na -0.05195 0.08960
Uganda 2000/01 na na na na na na na na 0.08201 0.01938
Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.08770 0.05784
Zambia 2001 na na na na na na na na 0.03235 0.04426
Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na -0.02636 0.05993
Zimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na 0.02338 0.03198
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TREATMENT OF GENITAL DISCHARGE, ULCER, SORE IN A PUBLIC FACILITY AMONG MEN

Philippines 2003 * * * * * 32.8 - - 0.07782 0.10532

Armenia 2000 * 0.0 0.0 * * * - - -0.11554 0.30578
Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na 0.01183
Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * * - - 0.46471 0.15771

Bolivia 2003 * * * (72.0) (72.0) 62.1 - - 0.01646 0.03295
Brazil 1996 (88.5) (50.5) * (66.4) * 56.1 - - -0.05899 0.05626
Dominican Republic 1996 * * * * * (93.1) - - 0.00000 0.00000
Haiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na 0.08986 0.04841
Haiti 2000 100.0 (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) * 100.0 - - -0.07308 0.03254
Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na -0.02109 0.04947

Bangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na -0.11857 0.03617
Bangladesh 2004 16.5 21.5 22.7 18.7 22.5 20.3 0.733 6.012 0.07221 0.03847
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TREATMENT OF GENITAL DISCHARGE, ULCER, SORE IN A PUBLIC FACILITY AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.01154 0.05006
Burkina Faso 1998/99 * * * * (84.2) 82.5 - - 0.34205 0.08118
Burkina Faso 2003 * * * * (32.6) 32.0 - - 0.09332 0.07916
Cameroon 1998 * * (96.3) 87.5 87.9 91.6 - - 0.13905 0.03153
Cameroon 2004 (45.1) (52.6) 54.3 52.6 64.2 56.6 0.703 109.308 0.06332 0.02621
Central African Republic 1994/95 (94.7) (94.1) (95.2) (100.0) (89.8) 95.3 1.055 4.900 0.00207 0.03972
Chad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na 0.19533 0.08568
Chad 2004 * * * * * 59.9 - - 0.01435 0.06341
Eritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na 0.11877 0.26357
Ethiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.03697 0.06427
Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.03004 0.03893
Ghana 2003 (29.6) (36.0) * (31.7) (32.9) 35.8 - - 0.07220 0.05534
Guinea 1999 (94.1) (100.0) (93.5) (95.1) (94.5) 95.1 0.996 0.400 -0.02660 0.04480
Kenya 1998 * (81.9) (69.5) 78.5 (64.1) 75.5 - - -0.01601 0.04075
Kenya 2003 * * * * * 72.1 - - 0.04648 0.03792
Malawi 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.02890 0.03678
Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na 0.06754 0.06093
Mali 2001 na na na na na na na na -0.02057 0.04216
Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na 0.18707 0.09411
Namibia 2000 * * * * * 100.0 - - -0.21766 0.08497
Niger 1998 * * * * (62.6) 75.3 - - 0.08877 0.07190
Nigeria 2003 * * * * * 33.3 - - 0.00280 0.10388
Senegal 1997 * * * * * (85.8) - - -0.00238 0.09191
Tanzania 1996 * (72.9) (72.1) (70.0) 47.9 68.9 - - -0.02673 0.04037
Togo 1998 * * * (73.5) 67.5 67.2 - - 0.20053 0.04264
Uganda 1995 na na na na na na na na 0.06837 0.04627
Uganda 2000/01 * * * * (100.0) 100.0 - - 0.07836 0.05545
Zimbabwe 1994 * * * * (8.7) 19.0 - - 0.07762 0.05644
Zimbabwe 1999 (92.2) * (97.0) (90.3) * 90.6 - - -0.10842 0.05059
- 154 -
VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING FOR HIV/AIDS AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.6 9.1 2.8 0.044 8.700 0.54624 0.03491

Armenia 2000 3.9 4.6 6.5 7.7 9.1 6.5 0.429 5.200 0.15529 0.02783
Kazakhstan 1999 29.1 37.6 38.3 47.6 48.5 41.5 0.600 19.400 0.09041 0.01000
Colombia 2000 3.0 6.4 9.4 11.4 14.5 9.5 0.207 11.500 0.22946 0.01617
Colombia 2005 9.4 16.8 19.6 19.7 21.8 18.1 0.432 12.413 0.11651 0.00661
Haiti 2000 0.0 0.2 0.5 2.3 4.3 1.8 - 4.300 0.53255 0.15409
Nicaragua 2001 0.9 2.5 5.9 8.3 12.1 6.6 0.074 11.200 0.31643 0.01887
Peru 2000 0.9 4.0 10.1 16.0 21.8 11.8 0.041 20.900 0.34778 0.00933

- 155 -
VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING FOR HIV/AIDS AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 1.3 1.0 2.6 5.1 12.9 5.1 0.101 11.600 0.50525 0.03717
Cameroon 2004 5.9 9.7 16.6 28.5 38.2 21.2 0.154 32.283 0.32673 0.01076
Chad 2004 0.2 0.6 0.1 1.8 7.7 2.1 0.021 7.545 0.88057 0.06434
Gabon 2000 8.7 14.4 21.8 22.5 33.7 21.3 0.258 25.000 0.21758 0.01386
Ghana 2003 4.7 7.3 9.4 12.0 13.9 9.9 0.338 9.196 0.20531 0.02181
Kenya 1998 6.5 9.5 12.1 17.5 22.8 14.2 0.285 16.300 0.20501 0.01671
Kenya 2003 5.8 9.9 13.2 15.2 24.4 14.7 0.238 18.619 0.29053 0.01451
Malawi 2000 4.5 5.5 6.3 9.6 16.4 8.5 0.274 11.900 0.26294 0.01749
Mali 2001 0.8 1.0 1.5 3.6 12.0 4.2 0.067 11.200 0.55277 0.03080
Mozambique 2003 0.4 1.2 1.4 3.3 12.1 3.9 0.034 11.679 0.69315 0.03255
Namibia 2000 7.6 14.4 18.0 27.2 42.5 23.7 0.179 34.900 0.28935 0.01181
Nigeria 2003 1.3 2.3 2.9 7.2 19.3 7.1 0.065 18.052 0.43768 0.02636
Rwanda 2000 2.0 1.5 2.7 3.1 13.4 4.8 0.149 11.400 0.66407 0.03236
Tanzania 1996 2.0 2.4 2.9 3.7 7.8 4.0 0.256 5.800 0.32291 0.03473
Tanzania 1999 3.1 4.9 3.1 7.1 12.5 6.5 0.248 9.400 0.31406 0.03335
Tanzania 2004 5.7 6.4 8.0 13.1 29.4 13.7 0.193 23.717 0.28025 0.01443
Uganda 1995 2.5 2.9 3.6 6.0 13.2 5.8 0.189 10.700 0.45093 0.03047
Uganda 2000/01 2.2 3.2 5.2 8.1 20.3 8.4 0.108 18.100 0.48040 0.02374
Zambia 2001 5.7 5.8 6.3 12.6 15.1 9.4 0.377 9.400 0.22424 0.02187
Zimbabwe 1999 6.8 8.8 7.7 13.8 18.3 11.8 0.372 11.500 0.18808 0.02106
- 156 -
VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING FOR HIV/AIDS AMONG MEN

Philippines 2003 1.2 1.8 2.3 4.9 7.6 3.6 0.162 6.354 0.35139 0.04490

Armenia 2000 4.5 3.5 2.6 5.6 2.9 3.8 1.552 1.600 0.02715 0.06426
Kazakhstan 1999 19.1 26.2 33.2 44.3 46.6 35.3 0.410 27.500 0.15339 0.01855

Bolivia 2003 0.4 1.0 2.9 6.3 13.7 5.3 0.028 13.353 0.49453 0.03518
Haiti 2000 2.1 1.2 4.8 9.2 12.1 5.9 0.174 10.000 0.35727 0.04401

- 157 -
VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING FOR HIV/AIDS AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 2.2 2.6 5.8 6.5 14.8 6.8 0.149 12.600 0.41532 0.04554
Burkina Faso 2003 1.8 1.6 3.6 6.7 17.2 7.1 0.102 15.488 0.42545 0.03996
Cameroon 2004 5.1 7.6 12.1 17.7 28.8 16.2 0.178 23.674 0.32146 0.01872
Chad 2004 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.2 12.5 3.9 0.045 11.914 0.84328 0.08018
Ethiopia 2000 0.7 1.3 0.0 1.4 6.8 2.1 0.103 6.100 1.00393 0.11962
Gabon 2000 12.9 23.9 23.7 30.7 40.3 27.4 0.320 27.400 0.17404 0.02005
Ghana 2003 4.0 4.3 7.5 10.4 16.4 9.1 0.241 12.468 0.30615 0.02634
Kenya 1998 9.2 14.9 13.4 16.2 25.0 16.8 0.368 15.800 0.15576 0.02436
Kenya 2003 9.9 11.2 12.1 13.7 25.2 15.5 0.395 15.242 0.26264 0.02357
Malawi 2000 10.9 11.5 14.6 19.1 20.2 15.2 0.540 9.300 0.17273 0.02506
Mali 2001 4.6 3.7 3.8 7.0 19.2 8.7 0.240 14.600 0.39834 0.03980
Mauritania 2000/01 4.4 3.1 6.4 7.7 16.7 8.9 0.263 12.300 0.37769 0.04595
Mozambique 2003 0.1 0.3 1.0 5.8 10.0 3.8 0.013 9.881 0.76657 0.06844
Namibia 2000 9.7 13.8 19.8 25.0 43.8 24.6 0.221 34.100 0.26324 0.01866
Nigeria 2003 7.2 6.1 11.7 15.4 26.3 14.2 0.274 19.085 0.27297 0.03064
Tanzania 1996 6.4 8.3 7.0 13.8 17.3 11.2 0.370 10.900 0.24208 0.03719
Tanzania 1999 7.2 11.7 8.5 13.2 18.3 12.2 0.393 11.100 0.14973 0.02463
Tanzania 2004 8.1 8.2 10.9 14.6 23.9 13.6 0.339 15.821 0.22052 0.03091
Uganda 1995 5.3 7.1 7.6 10.8 19.7 10.5 0.269 14.400 0.32167 0.03868
Uganda 2000/01 6.6 8.1 7.5 14.9 21.7 12.0 0.304 15.100 0.27827 0.03686
Zambia 2001 8.9 11.6 12.8 19.2 14.9 13.8 0.597 6.000 0.12462 0.03046
Zimbabwe 1999 6.4 4.4 6.2 9.9 15.4 9.2 0.416 9.000 0.17343 0.03522
- 158 -
C. HEALTH, NUTRITION, POPULATION-RELATED BEHAVIOR
Hygienic Practices 161

Disposal of Children's Stools
Sanitary Disposal
Handwashing
Wash Hands prior to Preparing Food
Handwashing Facilities in Household
Bednet Ownership and Use 167

Bednet Ownership
Bednet Ownership
Treated Bednet Ownership
Bednet Use
By Children
By Pregnant Women
Breastfeeding 175
Exclusive Breastfeeding
Timely Complementary Feeding
Bottle-Feeding
Micronutrient Consumption 181

Iodized Salt
Availability of Iodized Salt in Household
Vitamin A
Children
Women
Tobacco and Alcohol Use 187

Tobacco
Women
Men
Alcohol
Women
Men
- 159 -
Sexual Practices 195
Women
Men
Women
Men
Domestic Violence 203

Ever Experienced Violence
Experienced Violence in Past Year
- 160 -
Part III: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Individual and Household Behavior
Hygienic Practices
SANITARY DISPOSAL OF CHILDREN'S STOOLS

Indonesia 2002/03 27.3 41.9 55.3 73.4 86.8 55.8 0.314 59.491 0.23803 0.00357
Philippines 2003 43.0 63.9 74.6 84.3 92.9 69.2 0.463 49.850 0.15404 0.00507

Armenia 2000 77.0 73.6 86.4 91.3 87.5 82.7 0.880 10.500 0.03604 0.00751
Kazakhstan 1999 81.6 90.3 87.4 96.0 98.2 90.1 0.831 16.600 0.04538 0.00581
Bolivia 2003 45.3 56.3 69.9 85.4 92.0 67.9 0.493 46.670 0.14007 0.00429
Colombia 2000 33.0 56.1 63.1 61.8 57.5 53.9 0.574 24.500 0.09847 0.00929
Colombia 2005 33.9 60.2 61.7 63.4 61.6 55.7 0.550 27.735 0.10562 0.00545
Nicaragua 2001 24.5 57.8 73.9 73.8 74.3 58.7 0.330 49.800 0.19604 0.00658
Peru 2000 19.1 37.2 65.6 70.8 63.3 48.3 0.302 44.200 0.27404 0.00551

Morocco 2003/04 30.4 43.3 55.3 71.7 89.3 56.4 0.340 58.886 0.19560 0.00670
Nepal 2001 7.3 7.2 15.8 21.4 46.2 17.5 0.158 38.900 0.40938 0.01963
- 161 -
Hygienic Practices
SANITARY DISPOSAL OF CHILDREN'S STOOLS (Cont.)

Benin 2001 1.7 2.0 7.7 26.7 64.9 18.5 0.026 63.200 0.62166 0.02203
Burkina Faso 2003 4.4 4.0 7.5 20.8 76.7 19.8 0.057 72.341 0.59355 0.01527
Ethiopia 2000 13.6 16.9 19.1 21.5 46.8 22.5 0.291 33.200 0.36729 0.01375
Ghana 2003 28.5 56.0 62.2 67.2 77.7 55.8 0.367 49.208 0.21039 0.00926
Kenya 2003 37.7 61.8 66.8 65.0 66.6 59.1 0.565 28.976 0.10884 0.00736
Malawi 2000 70.4 82.2 82.5 86.5 89.7 81.6 0.785 19.300 0.04915 0.00347
Mozambique 2003 39.6 47.1 57.2 70.1 83.6 57.6 0.474 43.934 0.15906 0.00575
Namibia 2000 32.8 36.0 37.1 53.3 76.2 46.4 0.430 43.400 0.19284 0.01142
Nigeria 2003 38.6 67.0 76.8 82.7 87.8 69.4 0.440 49.152 0.16138 0.00582
Rwanda 2000 85.0 82.2 83.6 81.1 84.8 83.0 1.002 0.200 -0.00192 0.00351
Tanzania 2004 56.5 70.3 72.2 84.9 92.3 74.6 0.613 35.720 0.08532 0.00453
Uganda 2000/01 59.2 69.0 79.2 87.5 89.8 76.0 0.659 30.600 0.07721 0.00503
Zimbabwe 1999 43.6 72.8 85.9 84.1 85.3 74.4 0.511 41.700 0.13425 0.00694
- 162 -
Hygienic Practices
WASH HANDS PRIOR TO PREPARING FOOD

Indonesia 2002/03 93.2 94.5 96.2 97.7 96.6 95.6 0.966 3.320 0.00856 0.00077
Philippines 2003 97.6 98.1 97.4 96.8 95.8 97.0 1.019 1.830 -0.00453 0.00094

Armenia 2000 97.4 95.6 93.9 94.2 95.2 95.2 1.023 2.200 -0.00395 0.00137

Nicaragua 2001 98.1 98.4 98.0 97.4 94.3 97.0 1.040 3.800 -0.00666 0.00095

Nepal 2001 45.4 44.4 40.4 37.6 30.6 39.8 1.484 14.800 -0.08393 0.00736
- 163 -
Hygienic Practices
WASH HANDS PRIOR TO PREPARING FOOD (Cont.)

Benin 2001 87.2 91.4 93.7 95.4 94.2 92.6 0.926 7.000 0.01522 0.00220
Burkina Faso 2003 96.7 97.0 97.2 97.3 96.1 96.8 1.006 0.601 0.00048 0.00098
Ethiopia 2000 98.7 98.0 97.7 98.0 99.3 98.4 0.994 0.600 0.00210 0.00054
Malawi 2000 96.5 97.7 97.1 97.9 98.6 97.5 0.979 2.100 0.00309 0.00076
Mali 2001 90.6 90.1 88.3 89.8 92.7 90.4 0.977 2.100 0.00580 0.00165
Namibia 2000 88.5 85.1 90.2 92.4 93.5 90.3 0.947 5.000 0.01585 0.00239
Nigeria 2003 90.8 91.2 91.2 92.4 94.2 92.1 0.964 3.422 0.00569 0.00203
Rwanda 2000 87.5 89.5 88.6 88.8 91.9 89.4 0.952 4.400 0.00698 0.00181
Uganda 2000/01 92.9 96.4 97.3 98.9 98.9 97.0 0.939 6.000 0.00988 0.00130
Zimbabwe 1999 90.9 90.0 90.3 91.4 93.2 91.3 0.975 2.300 0.00361 0.00231
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Hygienic Practices
HANDWASHING FACILITY IN HOUSEHOLD


Armenia 2000 11.4 34.1 70.2 89.5 96.7 61.7 0.118 85.300 0.31022 0.00375
Kazakhstan 1999 76.3 87.6 86.1 96.0 99.3 91.7 0.768 23.000 0.04766 0.00273
Turkey 1993 5.7 19.3 43.3 71.2 92.0 49.2 0.062 86.300 0.37651 0.00398

Nicaragua 2001 2.1 34.7 77.2 93.3 99.1 64.2 0.021 97.000 0.33238 0.00227

Egypt 2000 11.7 40.8 71.8 92.2 98.9 67.5 0.118 87.200 0.26567 0.00207
- 165 -
Hygienic Practices
HANDWASHING FACILITY IN HOUSEHOLD (Cont.)

Benin 2001 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 8.7 1.9 - 8.700 0.89157 0.09419
Burkina Faso 2003 0.5 1.8 2.1 7.2 19.5 6.3 0.026 18.958 0.64222 0.02894
Ghana 2003 3.1 2.9 3.0 4.8 22.5 7.6 0.136 19.418 0.49240 0.03433
Malawi 2000 7.4 10.1 10.2 13.4 22.2 12.4 0.333 14.800 0.26071 0.01549
Mali 1995/96 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 na na
Mali 2001 3.0 4.6 7.3 7.6 19.5 8.2 0.154 16.500 0.36039 0.01946
Nigeria 2003 27.0 34.5 41.4 47.8 64.3 43.7 0.419 37.348 0.16298 0.00752
Rwanda 2000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.8 - 4.300 1.20488 0.13313
Uganda 2000/01 2.2 2.4 3.9 5.3 8.8 4.5 0.250 6.600 0.44084 0.03613
Zimbabwe 1999 0.1 0.5 1.1 11.7 34.9 11.5 0.003 34.800 0.63319 0.02523
- 166 -
BEDNET OWNERSHIP

Cambodia 2000 66.3 74.6 83.4 91.6 95.9 82.0 0.691 29.600 0.07516 0.00235


Nicaragua 2001 29.3 40.4 51.4 49.6 38.5 42.1 0.761 9.200 0.10104 0.00667

- 167 -
BEDNET OWNERSHIP (Cont.)

Benin 2001 29.3 29.9 34.6 43.7 63.5 40.4 0.461 34.200 0.17593 0.00921
Burkina Faso 2003 34.1 39.7 37.3 38.6 51.5 40.4 0.662 17.382 0.10572 0.00740
Cameroon 2004 14.5 19.0 19.8 24.5 21.8 20.2 0.667 7.253 0.09661 0.01141
Chad 2004 73.4 47.4 59.5 64.5 82.3 64.6 0.892 8.856 0.06555 0.00511
Ethiopia 2000 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.4 2.7 1.1 0.037 2.600 0.69245 0.06665
Ghana 2003 27.9 23.6 17.2 12.1 11.4 17.6 2.449 16.523 -0.20023 0.01539
Kenya 2003 11.2 11.4 14.0 24.5 39.3 21.9 0.284 28.148 0.32774 0.01210
Malawi 2000 4.1 7.7 7.6 13.9 34.4 13.0 0.119 30.300 0.37185 0.01509
Mali 2001 52.7 56.8 50.8 54.1 58.8 54.4 0.896 6.100 0.03348 0.00492
Namibia 2000 12.7 11.0 14.6 13.4 11.7 12.7 1.085 1.000 -0.01856 0.01903
Nigeria 2003 23.0 15.5 10.8 8.0 3.3 11.8 7.018 19.716 -0.24975 0.01888
Rwanda 2000 2.4 0.3 2.9 3.0 27.3 6.7 0.088 24.900 0.87530 0.03122
Tanzania 1999 10.2 17.0 19.2 36.8 63.8 30.7 0.160 53.600 0.36692 0.01273
Tanzania 2004 26.7 31.5 37.0 50.1 81.8 46.4 0.326 55.136 0.23463 0.00549
Uganda 2000/01 7.0 10.1 6.9 8.0 32.5 13.0 0.215 25.500 0.46588 0.01959
Zambia 2001 11.1 19.3 28.4 34.9 48.8 27.2 0.227 37.700 0.29351 0.01136
Zimbabwe 1999 2.8 4.2 6.9 10.5 22.1 10.3 0.127 19.300 0.36586 0.02343
- 168 -
TREATED BEDNET OWNERSHIP



Colombia 2000 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 3.500 0.500 -0.27617 0.08087

- 169 -
TREATED BEDNET OWNERSHIP (Cont.)

Ethiopia 2000 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 - 0.500 0.59382 0.11802
Malawi 2000 0.9 1.0 1.7 1.9 8.0 2.6 0.113 7.100 0.59619 0.03958
Namibia 2000 2.9 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.0 5.800 2.400 -0.43221 0.08332
Rwanda 2000 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.6 4.9 1.3 0.163 4.100 0.66441 0.06924
Tanzania 1999 0.6 0.2 0.7 1.0 2.3 1.0 0.261 1.700 0.45614 0.10378
Tanzania 2004 2.5 4.9 9.0 13.6 40.4 14.2 0.061 37.968 0.40002 0.00765
Uganda 2000/01 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.750 0.100 0.25605 0.14727
Zambia 2001 2.5 5.5 7.0 7.9 10.5 6.4 0.239 7.987 0.26189 0.02795
- 170 -
BEDNET USE BY CHILDREN

Cambodia 2000 57.3 64.1 66.8 75.1 80.7 67.5 0.710 23.400 0.06604 0.00481


Colombia 2005 85.2 78.6 77.1 72.6 73.4 79.2 1.160 11.771 -0.04660 0.00518

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BEDNET USE BY CHILDREN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 24.7 24.9 26.1 39.3 57.0 33.8 0.433 32.300 0.19025 0.01428
Burkina Faso 2003 25.0 22.1 21.3 20.5 30.1 23.3 0.829 5.160 0.04757 0.01100
Cameroon 2004 5.0 11.0 15.4 20.4 21.5 13.7 0.233 16.516 0.26858 0.01805
Chad 2004 67.0 42.2 49.9 53.6 71.2 55.8 0.942 4.151 0.07178 0.00661
Gabon 2000 100.0 100.0 99.7 99.8 100.0 99.9 1.000 0.000 -0.00066 0.00030
Ghana 2003 19.6 17.9 18.4 11.2 10.8 16.2 1.820 8.818 -0.14219 0.02289
Kenya 2003 8.1 9.3 13.5 20.3 36.3 16.7 0.224 28.209 0.35968 0.02010
Mali 2001 34.4 38.6 34.9 37.1 48.0 38.3 0.717 13.600 0.07475 0.00861
Mozambique 2003 4.7 6.7 9.3 13.4 20.9 10.1 0.225 16.229 0.35565 0.01924
Namibia 2000 11.3 7.4 4.4 4.3 5.5 6.6 2.055 5.800 -0.18399 0.04648
Nigeria 2003 11.0 8.7 6.2 4.7 3.3 7.1 3.382 7.773 -0.19265 0.03007
Rwanda 2000 1.8 0.2 2.3 1.8 24.7 5.8 0.073 22.900 0.95093 0.04800
Tanzania 1999 9.4 12.1 12.2 27.8 52.2 22.3 0.180 42.800 0.40054 0.02297
Tanzania 2004 17.8 24.1 28.2 40.0 71.3 33.9 0.249 53.518 0.27296 0.00923
Uganda 2000/01 6.3 7.3 5.8 4.9 23.3 9.4 0.270 17.000 0.41014 0.03173
Zambia 2001 6.4 12.0 21.2 22.1 29.8 17.7 0.215 23.400 0.29346 0.01998
Zimbabwe 1999 0.2 1.0 2.0 4.1 7.3 2.9 0.027 7.100 0.50629 0.06996
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BEDNET USE BY PREGNANT WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 59.4 70.6 75.5 84.6 92.9 73.9 0.639 33.500 0.07957 0.00968


Nicaragua 2001 27.5 40.1 36.0 39.3 14.4 31.9 1.910 13.100 0.05357 0.03435

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BEDNET USE BY PREGNANT WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 27.4 31.1 24.3 35.9 53.0 33.2 0.517 25.600 0.12385 0.03246
Burkina Faso 2003 32.0 24.8 23.8 28.6 29.2 27.2 1.098 2.848 0.03738 0.02621
Cameroon 2004 5.6 12.3 12.3 19.7 14.1 12.3 0.396 8.532 0.16020 0.04674
Ghana 2003 11.9 8.5 11.8 8.3 5.0 9.6 2.411 6.988 -0.14210 0.09000
Guinea 1999 13.9 23.6 20.6 29.1 44.0 25.1 0.316 30.100 0.22185 0.03940
Kenya 2003 5.6 6.3 8.7 17.5 27.5 13.3 0.205 21.895 0.39366 0.06319
Malawi 2000 2.6 5.7 5.1 7.5 17.8 7.2 0.146 15.200 0.36632 0.07046
Mali 2001 33.4 36.6 34.6 36.7 39.4 35.9 0.848 6.000 0.07380 0.01997
Mozambique 2003 8.5 6.2 8.2 14.3 23.1 11.0 0.368 14.597 0.31076 0.04907
Namibia 2000 2.9 7.9 0.0 6.6 0.8 3.7 3.625 2.100 0.02673 0.16315
Nigeria 2003 10.5 5.9 6.7 3.6 2.7 6.1 3.848 7.787 -0.18245 0.07868
Rwanda 2000 4.4 1.6 2.8 4.4 25.1 7.0 0.175 20.700 0.68117 0.09632
Tanzania 1999 4.6 12.3 11.9 22.1 61.0 19.7 0.075 56.400 0.43165 0.05276
Tanzania 2004 12.8 20.0 26.1 39.3 72.2 32.2 0.177 59.350 0.29743 0.02266
Uganda 2000/01 4.5 6.6 5.5 5.5 11.5 6.6 0.391 7.000 0.24558 0.07712
Zambia 2001 6.1 13.4 18.5 22.6 31.8 17.4 0.192 25.690 0.26135 0.04690
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EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

Cambodia 2000 14.4 11.6 14.5 16.3 17.9 14.5 0.804 3.500 -0.05634 0.06944
Indonesia 1997 51.9 54.5 52.8 58.9 44.1 52.7 1.177 7.800 -0.05152 0.01578
Indonesia 2002/03 57.9 58.5 57.4 54.3 35.4 53.6 1.638 22.569 -0.09573 0.01451
Philippines 1998 68.4 54.2 38.6 28.6 37.4 47.9 1.829 31.000 -0.16515 0.02637
Philippines 2003 60.3 47.4 34.6 32.7 20.1 42.2 2.992 40.117 -0.18528 0.03042
Vietnam 1997 (23.5) * * * * 25.4 - - -0.02398 0.07171
Vietnam 2002 (18.2) (11.9) * * * 19.5 - - -0.02573 0.09788
B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na 25.0 na na -0.09920 0.12075

Armenia 2000 * * * * * 44.0 - - -0.13720 0.06558
Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * 12.0 - - -0.30515 0.18715
Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * 46.6 - - 0.02268 0.08208
Kyrgyzstan 1997 (18.2) (26.3) * (39.8) * 30.1 - - 0.08039 0.08170
Turkey 1993 (12.0) 15.6 12.3 (15.1) (12.9) 13.6 0.930 0.900 -0.00138 0.10217
Turkey 1998 10.0 7.9 10.0 (14.8) (3.5) 9.4 2.857 13.500 0.01655 0.11149
Turkmenistan 2000 10.6 (20.7) 6.2 (17.0) (27.5) 15.9 0.385 38.100 na na
Uzbekistan 1996 * * * * * 4.0 - - -0.47844 0.26292
Bolivia 1998 71.5 66.0 61.0 49.3 (41.2) 60.4 1.735 112.700 -0.09429 0.02348
Bolivia 2003 79.4 60.9 64.7 43.5 31.0 60.1 2.565 48.433 -0.12815 0.02036
Brazil 1996 32.7 23.3 (53.8) (41.7) (59.9) 40.6 0.546 92.600 0.13682 0.04134
Colombia 1995 11.0 9.9 15.0 (29.4) (17.0) 15.7 0.647 28.000 0.13939 0.08196
Colombia 2000 35.2 43.1 34.2 (26.6) (24.0) 33.5 1.467 59.200 -0.10391 0.04945
Colombia 2005 59.7 52.3 61.8 61.4 64.4 59.3 0.927 4.717 -0.00170 0.01710
Dominican Republic 1996 32.3 20.3 28.3 (20.0) (21.8) 25.5 1.482 54.100 -0.10126 0.05738
Guatemala 1995 64.1 66.5 42.4 36.3 (16.5) 50.7 3.885 80.600 -0.17816 0.02187
Guatemala 1998/99 62.4 49.6 57.4 (29.1) * 45.7 - - -0.18134 0.03277
Haiti 1994/95 7.5 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 - 7.500 -0.50139 0.20525
Haiti 2000 40.2 36.1 28.5 30.6 (15.4) 31.7 2.610 55.600 -0.00036 0.04937
Nicaragua 1997/98 40.5 30.5 24.2 27.3 19.3 29.6 2.098 21.200 -0.14040 0.03759
Nicaragua 2001 53.0 53.5 24.9 32.7 (14.5) 39.3 3.655 67.500 -0.15273 0.03382
Paraguay 1990 7.1 7.3 (6.7) (4.5) 0.0 5.4 - 7.100 -0.18395 0.12247
Peru 1996 77.1 69.8 57.4 36.9 42.9 61.5 1.797 34.200 -0.11276 0.01496
Peru 2000 87.9 74.2 60.9 64.4 59.4 72.5 1.480 28.500 -0.09111 0.01313
Egypt 1995 71.6 75.3 68.0 68.0 53.2 67.9 1.346 18.400 -0.04608 0.01391
Egypt 2000 71.8 74.8 67.5 61.6 56.8 66.9 1.264 15.000 -0.05160 0.01462
Jordan 1997 14.4 18.8 15.0 (13.2) (13.6) 15.3 1.059 28.000 -0.06676 0.03836
Morocco 1992 81.0 74.6 57.6 (43.9) (16.1) 62.9 5.031 97.100 -0.17650 0.02501
Morocco 2003/04 53.4 47.0 47.4 28.7 36.2 43.3 1.472 17.117 -0.06461 0.03562
Yemen 1997 20.4 23.8 23.3 30.5 12.7 22.5 1.606 7.700 -0.04778 0.03643
E. SOUTH ASIA 59.4 54.8 57.1 50.9 36.0 52.7 1.650 23.374 -0.10247 0.02458
Bangladesh 1996/97 55.3 59.0 44.2 46.5 46.1 50.5 1.200 9.200 -0.05013 0.02768
Bangladesh 1999/2000 49.2 58.1 59.1 46.2 51.0 53.0 0.965 1.800 -0.03504 0.02337
Bangladesh 2004 61.5 45.5 59.1 53.9 31.4 51.6 1.958 30.097 -0.08589 0.02601
India 1992/93 66.5 59.2 52.8 40.7 24.1 51.1 2.759 42.400 -0.15417 0.00841
India 1998/99 63.9 60.5 57.1 49.4 36.8 55.3 1.736 27.100 -0.10373 0.00842
Nepal 1996 86.7 88.0 77.7 81.9 72.6 81.9 1.194 14.100 -0.03271 0.01335
Nepal 2001 76.2 83.8 81.4 81.3 66.5 78.8 1.146 9.700 -0.01355 0.01741
Pakistan 1990/91 35.8 29.3 31.0 19.2 9.2 25.1 3.891 26.600 -0.20670 0.04649
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Breastfeeding
EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING (Cont.)

Benin 1996 4.5 6.1 12.6 (30.0) (30.1) 14.1 0.150 34.600 0.37738 0.08428
Benin 2001 49.8 46.8 46.9 53.6 (42.0) 48.2 1.186 91.800 -0.00653 0.03195
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.7 2.7 8.0 4.7 15.8 5.3 0.044 15.100 0.54978 0.12534
Burkina Faso 2003 16.6 20.6 18.3 23.2 27.7 20.3 0.601 11.025 0.07824 0.04369
Cameroon 1991 (8.4) (5.2) (11.6) 7.8 4.1 7.3 2.049 12.500 0.01580 0.14370
Cameroon 1998 15.6 (13.1) (18.2) (7.8) 22.9 15.8 0.681 7.300 0.06236 0.09192
Cameroon 2004 33.0 34.6 38.0 (25.7) (29.7) 32.7 1.109 62.695 0.02923 0.05068
Chad 1996/97 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.3 7.8 2.0 - 7.800 0.90310 0.21681
Chad 2004 0.9 1.4 5.3 0.2 1.7 1.8 0.535 0.798 0.06486 0.20528
Comoros 1996 (2.9) (3.8) * (8.0) * 4.8 - - 0.34146 0.28594
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 0.0 1.2 3.8 8.4 4.5 3.4 - 4.500 0.44509 0.14672
Eritrea 1995 64.1 71.5 (64.6) 54.1 72.8 64.9 0.880 8.700 0.01742 0.02455
Ethiopia 2000 63.3 67.5 65.0 64.6 45.6 62.4 1.388 17.700 -0.07100 0.01745
Gabon 2000 5.9 9.7 (9.3) (5.1) (5.1) 6.9 1.157 11.000 -0.02175 0.11653
Ghana 1993 5.6 7.8 (7.1) (7.3) (17.2) 8.3 0.326 22.800 0.16295 0.13401
Ghana 1998 19.2 (34.2) (38.1) (53.4) * 36.0 - - 0.18546 0.04850
Ghana 2003 (62.3) (46.6) (60.6) * * 61.7 - - 0.03689 0.03329
Guinea 1999 8.5 15.3 9.8 19.2 7.7 12.3 1.104 0.800 0.01491 0.07057
Kenya 1998 15.2 21.0 20.1 13.4 16.2 16.9 0.938 1.000 -0.01514 0.06725
Kenya 2003 21.9 18.1 15.5 14.3 17.4 17.6 1.259 4.504 -0.05048 0.06771
Madagascar 1997 57.4 60.3 63.4 64.1 64.9 61.1 0.884 7.500 0.01991 0.02189
Malawi 1992 2.5 4.2 5.8 2.2 0.0 3.3 - 2.500 -0.21226 0.13224
Malawi 2000 52.7 62.8 62.4 65.6 71.7 62.7 0.735 19.000 0.06635 0.01514
Mali 1995/96 10.9 13.5 12.8 13.7 10.4 12.3 1.048 0.500 -0.05762 0.06027
Mali 2001 38.0 32.2 26.5 24.0 17.9 28.2 2.123 20.100 -0.11521 0.02956
Mauritania 2000/01 27.8 18.6 (31.8) 30.5 29.6 27.5 0.939 1.800 0.06660 0.05325
Mozambique 1997 17.1 26.9 60.3 49.9 58.3 37.8 0.293 41.200 0.13556 0.03380
Mozambique 2003 46.9 34.1 35.1 43.8 26.8 38.2 1.749 20.089 -0.04892 0.02872
Namibia 1992 31.0 30.2 20.2 (5.4) (18.6) 21.8 1.667 49.600 -0.13172 0.06845
Namibia 2000 (100.0) 100.0 95.9 96.5 (84.7) 96.1 1.181 15.300 -0.02388 0.00721
Niger 1998 0.9 0.0 0.0 1.5 3.1 1.0 0.290 2.200 0.48498 0.33069
Nigeria 1990 1.9 3.7 0.0 0.7 0.4 1.4 4.750 1.500 -0.41063 0.24303
Nigeria 2003 14.8 6.8 27.0 31.9 33.7 22.2 0.438 18.955 0.25516 0.05453
Rwanda 2000 88.9 89.4 93.9 94.0 78.7 89.5 1.130 10.200 -0.03355 0.01073
Senegal 1997 12.7 8.6 16.9 13.5 18.8 14.0 0.676 6.100 0.16419 0.06441
South Africa 1998 15.4 11.9 10.1 3.0 (10.5) 10.3 1.467 25.900 -0.04806 0.09648
Tanzania 1996 46.9 48.2 38.6 41.6 24.2 40.5 1.938 22.700 -0.09772 0.03314
Tanzania 1999 53.2 * (34.3) (56.5) 28.3 39.7 - - -0.04010 0.04504
Tanzania 2004 57.6 58.4 51.1 54.2 54.8 55.0 1.050 2.734 -0.04031 0.02262
Togo 1998 7.3 13.8 14.9 12.5 34.0 15.2 0.215 26.700 0.26519 0.07186
Uganda 1995 71.0 76.3 78.1 71.5 53.9 70.4 1.317 17.100 -0.06331 0.01962
Uganda 2000/01 72.6 88.8 73.1 78.8 58.7 74.9 1.237 13.900 -0.04433 0.01673
Zambia 1996 12.5 24.4 14.2 36.5 52.4 25.9 0.239 39.900 0.25408 0.04572
Zambia 2001 38.8 49.0 49.3 62.7 (70.3) 52.4 0.552 109.100 0.11871 0.02727
Zimbabwe 1994 9.9 24.1 (13.9) 13.9 (22.8) 16.3 0.434 32.700 0.03251 0.08095
Zimbabwe 1999 36.3 34.5 38.2 (44.2) (46.4) 39.6 0.782 82.700 0.04241 0.04585
G. ALL COUNTRIES 38.4 36.8 38.2 35.9 32.9 36.4 1.165 5.427 -0.00857 0.06530
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Breastfeeding
TIMELY COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING

Cambodia 2000 75.2 65.6 73.8 66.8 70.7 70.3 1.064 4.500 -0.01214 0.01527
Indonesia 1997 80.5 81.9 89.6 86.4 71.2 82.1 1.131 9.300 0.00092 0.00818
Indonesia 2002/03 76.3 69.9 75.2 76.0 71.5 73.6 1.066 4.729 -0.01349 0.01048
Philippines 1998 81.2 69.8 49.3 40.5 36.3 58.6 2.237 44.900 -0.16373 0.02046
Philippines 2003 68.7 73.3 48.2 43.5 31.3 56.7 2.195 37.420 -0.12805 0.02095
Vietnam 1997 (86.5) (82.7) (94.7) (86.5) (70.7) 84.6 1.223 15.800 -0.02553 0.01956
Vietnam 2002 (91.6) * * * (80.3) 86.4 - - -0.03861 0.02039
B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 48.5 63.9 na na na 58.2 na na 0.03701 0.04569

Armenia 2000 (20.4) (61.2) * * * 42.7 - - 0.10941 0.06249
Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * 59.8 - - -0.09693 0.04622
Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * 64.0 - - -0.00365 0.04595
Kyrgyzstan 1997 (70.7) (70.8) * * * 68.0 - - -0.04123 0.03364
Turkey 1993 50.7 39.7 42.3 43.0 * 44.7 - - 0.02759 0.03941
Turkey 1998 26.2 31.4 39.9 (26.5) (49.9) 33.7 0.525 76.100 0.07604 0.05705
Turkmenistan 2000 (63.7) (82.9) 74.1 71.3 * 70.4 - - na na
Uzbekistan 1996 (61.7) (73.0) (72.9) (61.5) (86.8) 70.4 0.711 25.100 0.04446 0.02932
Bolivia 1998 68.7 68.7 83.8 69.8 (54.8) 70.3 1.254 123.500 0.00014 0.01829
Brazil 1996 29.2 28.7 27.0 (35.9) (37.2) 30.6 0.785 66.400 0.05587 0.04781
Colombia 1995 81.4 56.3 58.2 44.3 (59.6) 61.9 1.366 141.000 -0.09677 0.02480
Colombia 2000 72.6 61.2 52.8 (56.2) (52.4) 59.8 1.385 125.000 -0.06255 0.02484
Colombia 2005 68.4 59.7 60.6 60.6 41.6 60.1 1.645 26.824 -0.07339 0.01545
Dominican Republic 1996 53.3 45.2 (23.6) (31.6) (27.4) 38.5 1.945 80.700 -0.16426 0.04581
Guatemala 1995 49.0 51.5 70.2 50.8 (61.5) 55.7 0.797 110.500 0.00776 0.02031
Guatemala 1998/99 63.5 60.2 68.2 (54.7) * 61.1 - - -0.04564 0.02597
Haiti 1994/95 91.7 86.4 (84.5) (89.0) * 84.8 - - -0.04046 0.01762
Haiti 2000 80.0 68.4 79.4 88.8 59.7 74.1 1.340 20.300 -0.04265 0.01717
Nicaragua 1997/98 69.6 57.7 58.7 49.5 60.3 60.0 1.154 9.300 -0.05652 0.02106
Nicaragua 2001 73.2 75.1 66.2 68.0 (52.0) 67.5 1.408 125.200 -0.05873 0.02264
Paraguay 1990 81.7 66.2 (65.8) 54.0 (31.4) 62.7 2.602 113.100 -0.13479 0.02391
Peru 1996 68.8 74.4 74.7 79.7 65.7 72.5 1.047 3.100 0.01241 0.01142
Peru 2000 70.5 72.7 78.2 85.9 57.5 73.2 1.226 13.000 0.03064 0.01441
Egypt 1995 59.2 64.8 72.3 74.1 80.6 69.5 0.734 21.400 0.07345 0.01398
Egypt 2000 42.2 48.7 45.6 52.1 47.7 47.4 0.885 5.500 0.01152 0.02124
Jordan 1997 66.4 57.4 71.0 59.4 62.4 63.7 1.064 4.000 -0.00256 0.02617
Morocco 1992 40.5 46.4 31.1 (27.5) 25.0 35.3 1.620 15.500 -0.11273 0.04012
Morocco 2003/04 69.6 68.0 56.0 60.1 50.4 61.8 1.380 19.141 -0.06467 0.02320
Yemen 1997 44.3 45.2 57.3 64.3 63.1 54.4 0.702 18.800 0.07741 0.01751
E. SOUTH ASIA 43.7 48.5 43.2 49.4 56.6 47.8 0.772 12.896 0.07623 0.02506
Bangladesh 1996/97 29.0 22.5 36.6 35.2 22.5 28.6 1.289 6.500 0.00379 0.05055
Bangladesh 1999/2000 61.3 43.2 65.0 64.8 66.2 59.2 0.926 4.900 0.05200 0.02316
Bangladesh 2004 57.8 61.4 63.6 57.6 71.3 62.3 0.810 13.585 0.04017 0.02151
India 1992/93 28.4 25.8 30.5 35.0 39.8 31.5 0.714 11.400 0.07918 0.01338
India 1998/99 23.5 29.1 33.1 40.9 45.0 33.7 0.522 21.500 0.13909 0.01341
Nepal 1996 69.0 61.0 45.9 64.5 71.6 62.5 0.964 2.600 0.01091 0.01996
Nepal 2001 70.2 66.1 56.2 67.4 75.8 66.2 0.926 5.600 0.01189 0.01881
Pakistan 1990/91 23.4 37.5 19.9 31.8 34.3 29.2 0.682 10.900 0.11376 0.04653
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Breastfeeding
TIMELY COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING (Cont.)

Benin 1996 79.1 86.3 85.7 90.5 (81.5) 84.8 0.971 160.600 0.01311 0.01407
Benin 2001 57.1 63.9 71.5 65.4 (72.1) 65.3 0.792 129.200 0.04610 0.02350
Burkina Faso 1998/99 36.0 42.8 49.3 58.4 70.3 49.8 0.512 34.300 0.13749 0.02724
Cameroon 1991 (84.3) (73.4) (82.5) (76.4) 70.0 77.4 1.204 154.300 -0.03595 0.01981
Cameroon 1998 72.5 (63.1) (76.0) 75.6 80.1 73.0 0.905 7.600 0.03920 0.02126
Chad 1996/97 55.0 78.4 74.1 72.9 77.4 71.2 0.711 22.400 0.04375 0.01641
Chad 2004 (54.1) 62.1 71.8 76.8 76.0 69.4 0.712 130.186 0.05751 0.02071
Comoros 1996 * (92.6) (86.8) * * 86.9 - - 0.01653 0.02280
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 61.2 69.6 73.3 61.3 63.6 66.2 0.962 2.400 0.01430 0.02069
Eritrea 1995 (20.9) 35.9 (49.7) 61.5 70.7 44.9 0.296 91.600 0.21624 0.03526
Ethiopia 2000 37.8 41.6 45.5 44.2 44.8 42.4 0.844 7.000 0.03879 0.02662
Gabon 2000 65.1 65.5 72.2 (70.5) (33.6) 63.9 1.938 98.700 -0.02721 0.02749
Ghana 1993 (40.0) 23.6 38.9 39.3 (36.6) 35.5 1.093 3.400 0.01330 0.04799
Ghana 1998 53.3 58.1 (69.8) (80.8) (66.6) 64.5 0.800 119.900 0.09539 0.02641
Guinea 1999 25.2 35.1 23.2 23.8 33.0 27.9 0.764 7.800 0.01921 0.05116
Kenya 1998 86.1 94.6 84.8 94.1 86.1 89.3 1.000 0.000 -0.00786 0.01320
Madagascar 1997 84.7 90.7 88.4 85.6 94.6 88.2 0.895 9.900 0.02075 0.01091
Malawi 1992 86.6 80.3 88.4 94.0 90.0 87.2 0.962 3.400 0.01651 0.01207
Malawi 2000 95.3 93.5 91.5 91.2 95.2 93.4 1.001 0.100 0.00060 0.00531
Mali 1995/96 23.6 27.9 36.8 32.9 45.8 33.0 0.515 22.200 0.11806 0.03301
Mali 2001 30.1 24.9 27.7 35.8 44.3 32.4 0.679 14.200 0.07033 0.02937
Mauritania 2000/01 45.6 50.4 65.7 75.9 86.4 63.5 0.528 40.800 0.11348 0.02182
Mozambique 1997 90.7 86.5 94.5 72.4 75.2 84.5 1.206 15.500 -0.01541 0.01112
Mozambique 2003 76.3 75.5 84.4 80.8 70.5 77.6 1.083 5.849 -0.00252 0.01259
Namibia 1992 (68.8) 72.8 68.5 73.1 (40.0) 65.8 1.720 28.800 -0.05042 0.02933
Niger 1998 74.5 69.1 76.4 63.0 77.3 71.5 0.964 2.800 0.00660 0.01571
Nigeria 1990 50.4 43.0 56.3 54.9 57.2 51.7 0.881 6.800 0.00750 0.02228
Rwanda 2000 75.3 82.0 80.8 79.3 73.6 78.7 1.023 1.700 -0.00177 0.01247
Senegal 1997 54.4 65.3 62.1 73.2 59.7 62.2 0.911 5.300 0.07290 0.02241
South Africa 1998 62.8 81.7 65.5 57.8 (28.3) 62.3 2.219 91.100 -0.06116 0.02651
Tanzania 1996 85.8 91.6 78.9 94.4 91.6 87.9 0.937 5.800 0.00440 0.01071
Tanzania 1999 (59.5) (55.0) (68.3) (75.4) (64.5) 63.8 0.922 5.000 0.03576 0.02772
Tanzania 2004 89.0 86.2 81.1 92.0 95.2 88.0 0.935 6.238 0.00993 0.00764
Togo 1998 89.8 86.0 94.2 89.8 81.8 88.4 1.098 8.000 0.00404 0.01044
Uganda 1995 55.8 62.1 68.8 64.9 69.7 63.8 0.801 13.900 0.01660 0.01945
Uganda 2000/01 79.2 74.1 79.3 74.6 63.9 74.6 1.239 15.300 -0.02727 0.01497
Zambia 1996 94.0 90.3 87.4 97.1 (97.2) 93.6 0.967 191.200 0.00479 0.00716
Zambia 2001 85.2 85.6 86.2 89.4 (94.5) 87.4 0.902 179.700 0.01282 0.01044
Zimbabwe 1994 93.5 94.3 92.2 (87.5) (97.1) 93.0 0.963 190.600 -0.00204 0.00989
Zimbabwe 1999 (89.9) (97.6) (85.4) (94.4) (86.8) 90.6 1.036 3.100 -0.00124 0.01182
G. ALL COUNTRIES 61.9 64.5 64.9 64.6 62.2 64.1 0.996 0.229 0.01025 0.02355
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BOTTLE-FEEDING

Cambodia 2000 6.2 13.5 16.3 17.4 31.8 15.4 0.195 25.600 0.28219 0.03338
Indonesia 1997 6.3 9.2 9.1 16.1 37.2 14.5 0.169 30.900 0.33834 0.02495
Indonesia 2002/03 8.9 11.1 23.7 26.6 47.1 23.3 0.188 38.207 0.26915 0.01755
Philippines 1998 28.9 41.7 63.4 71.5 75.7 52.7 0.382 46.800 0.17875 0.01260
Philippines 2003 27.6 39.1 56.3 61.9 78.7 48.6 0.351 51.018 0.20619 0.01437
Vietnam 1997 11.3 11.4 13.7 19.1 35.1 16.2 0.322 23.800 0.22616 0.06166
Vietnam 2002 12.7 16.1 16.9 19.7 44.3 21.4 0.287 31.600 0.25170 0.05542
Armenia 2000 53.8 38.4 31.6 (41.1) (51.1) 43.7 1.053 104.900 -0.02679 0.03864
Kazakhstan 1995 50.5 45.8 (50.9) 50.7 (87.9) 54.2 0.575 138.400 0.11573 0.03188
Kazakhstan 1999 32.8 (32.8) 49.7 (54.4) (46.7) 42.1 0.702 79.500 0.16114 0.04399
Kyrgyzstan 1997 25.9 20.8 23.5 29.0 57.5 29.2 0.450 31.600 0.13986 0.05012
Turkey 1993 31.4 42.5 41.5 40.0 44.3 39.5 0.709 12.900 0.02679 0.02736
Turkey 1998 44.4 45.2 54.4 62.2 63.6 52.5 0.698 19.200 0.08965 0.02085
Uzbekistan 1996 31.4 32.1 29.8 36.1 46.7 34.2 0.672 15.300 0.12311 0.04273
Bolivia 1998 23.4 29.6 38.7 45.3 62.0 36.4 0.377 38.600 0.17272 0.01990
Bolivia 2003 18.8 26.8 32.1 41.5 57.5 32.6 0.327 38.691 0.17528 0.01980
Brazil 1996 62.1 76.4 59.3 66.6 56.7 64.6 1.095 5.400 -0.00547 0.01350
Colombia 1995 67.0 81.5 79.7 74.4 76.8 75.7 0.872 9.800 0.02572 0.01137
Colombia 2000 56.9 41.2 45.0 50.0 46.1 47.7 1.234 10.800 -0.01255 0.01860
Colombia 2005 45.3 51.9 47.3 56.2 61.5 51.1 0.736 16.197 0.06838 0.01102
Guatemala 1995 22.5 22.5 28.0 37.9 68.1 31.4 0.330 45.600 0.19703 0.02055
Guatemala 1998/99 31.0 26.2 30.4 58.9 71.4 40.8 0.434 40.400 0.14487 0.02336
Haiti 1994/95 11.8 19.7 20.2 30.2 48.6 22.8 0.243 36.800 0.25308 0.04218
Haiti 2000 14.2 21.6 21.8 39.1 65.9 29.9 0.215 51.700 0.26417 0.02561
Nicaragua 1997/98 62.7 74.7 72.3 80.8 84.8 73.4 0.739 22.100 0.05926 0.00866
Nicaragua 2001 38.6 41.9 67.7 66.9 75.1 55.8 0.514 36.500 0.14616 0.01436
Paraguay 1990 37.6 53.4 71.2 72.8 82.7 60.4 0.455 45.100 0.15786 0.01492
Peru 1996 19.7 30.9 42.5 56.3 62.7 37.4 0.314 43.000 0.19658 0.01255
Peru 2000 10.7 24.4 39.8 46.0 57.7 31.1 0.185 47.000 0.28771 0.01655
Egypt 1995 15.7 15.9 16.8 24.2 32.2 20.5 0.488 16.500 0.15763 0.02416
Egypt 2000 13.5 14.4 22.7 27.3 23.5 20.5 0.574 10.000 0.13392 0.02380
Jordan 1997 38.9 42.2 39.0 45.2 48.5 42.2 0.802 9.600 0.03251 0.01649
Morocco 1992 9.0 19.0 34.3 43.7 65.5 30.1 0.137 56.500 0.37185 0.02485
Morocco 2003/04 24.7 37.3 47.6 58.6 72.0 45.7 0.343 47.318 0.19480 0.01826
Yemen 1997 46.6 45.7 41.7 47.0 63.7 48.5 0.732 17.100 0.06062 0.01218
E. SOUTH ASIA 10.6 12.3 15.7 20.6 35.5 18.1 0.298 24.898 0.30764 0.04209
Bangladesh 1999/2000 15.0 15.1 14.8 28.7 31.7 20.0 0.473 16.700 0.20348 0.03341
Bangladesh 2004 12.5 17.6 21.5 24.8 39.6 22.4 0.317 27.090 0.22850 0.02969
India 1992/93 5.9 8.6 12.7 17.5 31.7 14.2 0.186 25.800 0.44448 0.01448
India 1998/99 8.9 10.0 13.1 21.6 32.1 16.0 0.277 23.200 0.32732 0.01353
Nepal 1996 1.2 2.2 4.2 4.5 10.5 4.1 0.114 9.300 0.39457 0.08679
Nepal 2001 1.8 2.5 3.0 1.7 12.8 3.6 0.141 11.000 0.43996 0.10078
Pakistan 1990/91 19.1 19.1 25.3 34.3 57.4 30.5 0.333 38.300 0.23477 0.02437
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BOTTLE-FEEDING (Cont.)

Benin 1996 0.0 2.2 1.9 9.7 14.4 4.5 - 14.400 0.54976 0.09623
Benin 2001 2.0 1.6 2.3 6.0 28.0 6.5 0.071 26.000 0.59874 0.09021
Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 8.1 1.5 - 8.087 1.21210 0.22742
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.0 0.4 0.0 1.1 4.5 1.0 - 4.500 0.95288 0.26060
Burkina Faso 2003 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.6 6.8 1.3 0.058 6.386 0.65158 0.15424
Cameroon 1991 3.2 8.5 4.7 19.8 35.6 14.3 0.090 32.400 0.56027 0.06054
Cameroon 1998 8.6 16.3 16.4 27.2 29.0 18.3 0.297 20.400 0.27749 0.04349
Cameroon 2004 1.5 3.7 11.8 20.3 36.9 13.0 0.040 35.397 0.51770 0.05771
Chad 1996/97 0.4 0.0 1.5 1.6 11.9 3.0 0.034 11.500 1.02694 0.12422
Chad 2004 0.4 2.9 0.7 0.5 12.4 3.4 0.031 12.023 0.98911 0.13385
Comoros 1996 6.7 15.7 24.4 22.4 46.7 21.5 0.143 40.000 0.34319 0.05363
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 1.4 1.2 2.0 4.2 10.8 3.3 0.130 9.400 0.44071 0.10160
Eritrea 1995 0.1 5.4 0.0 3.6 18.3 4.3 0.005 18.200 0.62804 0.12980
Ethiopia 2000 7.8 9.7 13.6 13.3 34.4 14.5 0.227 26.600 0.39531 0.03794
Gabon 2000 22.9 35.3 43.9 41.5 56.8 39.3 0.403 33.900 0.16316 0.02417
Ghana 1993 15.5 12.1 25.8 25.7 33.9 21.7 0.457 18.400 0.18731 0.04295
Ghana 1998 12.9 22.4 28.5 26.2 26.1 22.0 0.494 13.200 0.17787 0.03656
Ghana 2003 7.6 11.9 12.4 12.3 15.0 11.2 0.505 7.435 0.18485 0.06005
Guinea 1999 7.0 4.4 7.4 7.7 16.2 8.1 0.432 9.200 0.20655 0.06478
Kenya 1993 11.9 7.9 13.9 9.9 23.2 12.7 0.516 11.205 0.18118 0.05265
Kenya 1998 20.7 19.6 25.2 27.2 33.7 25.2 0.614 13.000 0.11729 0.03209
Kenya 2003 22.8 24.2 23.9 33.2 35.2 27.5 0.648 12.373 0.11475 0.02579
Madagascar 1997 1.5 0.6 1.1 3.9 14.2 3.1 0.106 12.700 0.76441 0.12814
Malawi 1992 0.7 2.7 5.0 6.0 15.8 5.4 0.044 15.100 0.59813 0.08966
Malawi 2000 0.6 2.0 1.2 2.4 9.8 2.9 0.061 9.200 0.46290 0.08104
Mali 1995/96 1.5 1.1 1.8 4.0 8.8 3.2 0.170 7.300 0.49126 0.09322
Mali 2001 2.0 2.8 1.9 3.2 12.4 4.2 0.161 10.400 0.40410 0.07102
Mauritania 2000/01 4.5 4.7 4.0 9.8 21.0 8.6 0.214 16.500 0.39764 0.07145
Mozambique 2003 0.9 5.7 6.0 11.3 28.8 8.8 0.031 27.897 0.52304 0.05027
Namibia 1992 21.4 26.8 26.8 40.0 55.4 33.8 0.386 34.000 0.17335 0.02974
Namibia 2000 18.6 31.6 45.2 55.8 74.4 43.5 0.250 55.800 0.21142 0.02013
Niger 1998 2.1 3.4 2.1 3.2 9.3 3.9 0.226 7.200 0.37885 0.09273
Nigeria 1990 10.7 16.7 25.1 30.3 60.7 27.0 0.176 50.000 0.37752 0.02095
Nigeria 2003 12.1 15.0 16.7 21.2 29.8 18.6 0.408 17.647 0.19393 0.03297
Rwanda 2000 4.5 4.4 4.1 5.5 25.2 8.5 0.179 20.700 0.62521 0.06175
Senegal 1997 0.0 0.0 1.4 3.8 10.4 2.7 - 10.400 0.48107 0.10334
South Africa 1998 50.0 46.2 56.6 63.6 85.1 57.7 0.588 35.100 0.07690 0.01506
Tanzania 1996 7.5 7.0 8.0 8.4 12.5 8.5 0.600 5.000 0.10119 0.05440
Tanzania 1999 6.8 4.3 5.7 5.5 24.6 8.6 0.276 17.800 0.34167 0.08862
Tanzania 2004 1.6 1.4 2.6 2.1 17.0 4.2 0.096 15.392 0.87771 0.10268
Togo 1998 3.5 5.4 3.4 9.6 9.5 5.9 0.368 6.000 0.22694 0.06764
Uganda 1995 6.9 2.5 4.7 8.3 18.7 8.0 0.369 11.800 0.35269 0.06212
Uganda 2000/01 1.8 2.1 4.6 5.3 13.6 5.0 0.132 11.800 0.54845 0.08084
Zambia 1996 1.5 2.7 2.3 5.6 8.6 3.9 0.174 7.100 0.38631 0.09929
Zambia 2001 1.5 0.7 2.2 5.3 13.5 3.9 0.111 12.000 0.48438 0.10620
Zimbabwe 1994 2.9 6.0 4.8 6.1 16.3 6.6 0.178 13.400 0.30666 0.08883
Zimbabwe 1999 1.2 2.2 6.6 8.5 19.9 7.7 0.060 18.700 0.35891 0.09102
G. ALL COUNTRIES 17.1 19.9 23.4 27.8 39.0 24.4 0.438 21.934 0.31278 0.05528
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AVAILABILITY OF IODIZED SALT IN HOUSEHOLD

Cambodia 2000 10.7 8.5 8.0 10.6 32.8 13.9 0.326 22.100 0.13699 0.01734
Philippines 1998 13.4 12.0 16.4 22.5 35.7 19.8 0.375 22.300 0.19911 0.01121

Armenia 2000 74.8 83.4 82.2 88.2 91.6 84.2 0.817 16.800 0.03838 0.00331
Kazakhstan 1999 16.5 17.4 16.8 23.4 25.9 21.3 0.637 9.400 0.10211 0.01627

Bolivia 1998 9.2 10.1 9.3 9.0 7.7 9.1 1.195 1.500 -0.01824 0.01670
Guatemala 1995 98.8 99.4 98.6 98.7 97.5 98.5 1.013 1.300 -0.00279 0.00078
Guatemala 1998/99 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.000 0.000 na na
Haiti 2000 8.7 14.9 15.4 12.7 7.8 11.9 1.115 0.900 -0.03359 0.08702
Peru 2000 92.0 95.5 98.9 99.5 99.3 97.0 0.926 7.300 0.01488 0.00066

Egypt 2000 39.7 44.5 47.8 55.6 80.8 55.9 0.491 41.100 0.16221 0.00349
Yemen 1997 89.9 88.2 88.1 92.3 95.5 91.5 0.941 5.600 0.01845 0.00251
India 1998/99 33.0 37.4 42.5 55.9 81.5 49.9 0.405 48.500 0.21737 0.00167
Nepal 1996 55.8 60.2 62.4 63.5 81.4 64.7 0.686 25.600 0.07324 0.00443
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AVAILABILITY OF IODIZED SALT IN HOUSEHOLD (Cont.)

Benin 1996 67.1 80.5 80.7 81.8 82.2 78.7 0.816 15.100 0.03643 0.00501
Benin 2001 81.3 75.2 73.0 67.0 62.1 71.6 1.309 19.200 -0.05286 0.00500
Burkina Faso 2003 35.8 40.4 45.5 52.7 64.3 47.5 0.557 28.460 0.11696 0.00619
Cameroon 2004 81.0 79.7 79.4 82.5 86.0 81.8 0.941 5.071 0.01990 0.00290
Chad 1996/97 55.3 60.1 58.6 62.6 77.4 62.8 0.714 22.100 0.07175 0.00527
Chad 2004 34.2 70.7 74.6 79.2 78.3 65.9 0.438 44.021 0.13514 0.00542
Comoros 1996 60.8 64.8 72.1 71.3 58.2 65.6 1.045 2.600 -0.00128 0.01083
Ethiopia 2000 24.3 22.7 25.8 29.5 38.2 28.4 0.636 13.900 0.10928 0.00754
Ghana 1998 20.4 25.8 26.2 27.7 36.0 27.6 0.567 15.600 0.09964 0.01184
Ghana 2003 8.8 13.0 20.0 31.1 63.4 28.2 0.139 54.617 0.34664 0.01101
Guinea 1999 14.0 9.5 11.3 12.3 23.1 13.8 0.606 9.100 0.12577 0.02481
Madagascar 1997 75.1 67.9 72.2 88.0 91.5 78.9 0.821 16.400 0.05993 0.00333
Malawi 2000 46.9 48.4 50.7 54.4 65.0 53.0 0.722 18.100 0.06335 0.00473
Mali 2001 40.2 35.2 29.9 33.7 51.9 37.2 0.775 11.700 0.00179 0.00894
Mozambique 2003 58.3 50.7 55.4 52.6 51.4 53.7 1.135 6.949 -0.01346 0.00478
Namibia 2000 50.0 58.4 53.9 51.4 71.6 57.5 0.698 21.600 0.09045 0.00633
Niger 1998 75.4 72.4 71.6 70.3 80.2 73.7 0.940 4.800 0.01158 0.00417
Nigeria 2003 94.2 96.5 96.1 98.6 98.4 96.8 0.957 4.197 0.00789 0.00138
Tanzania 1999 52.1 60.0 61.7 71.3 86.0 66.9 0.606 33.900 0.07391 0.00676
Tanzania 2004 24.8 28.4 33.3 48.1 76.5 43.1 0.324 51.685 0.17183 0.00658
Zambia 1996 91.4 91.7 91.6 91.9 87.3 90.9 1.047 4.100 -0.00702 0.00237
Zambia 2001 82.9 81.3 79.6 72.3 70.8 77.3 1.171 12.100 -0.03036 0.00432
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VITAMIN A CONSUMPTION AMONG CHILDREN

Cambodia 2000 24.4 27.5 29.2 30.2 51.4 30.8 0.475 27.000 0.13035 0.01088
Indonesia 2002/03 62.9 75.7 78.0 82.6 79.9 75.3 0.788 16.977 0.05292 0.00287
Philippines 1998 67.1 78.2 80.7 81.9 73.8 75.6 0.909 6.700 0.04448 0.00446
Philippines 2003 65.0 73.6 80.5 84.5 87.3 76.5 0.744 22.360 0.06889 0.00429

Kazakhstan 1999 13.9 19.1 27.2 39.8 39.9 26.5 0.348 26.000 0.25840 0.02821
Bolivia 2003 53.3 56.9 57.1 59.5 63.2 57.3 0.842 9.984 0.02829 0.00544
Brazil 1996 19.9 12.2 9.8 3.8 3.0 11.2 6.633 16.900 -0.29972 0.02603
Haiti 1994/95 13.3 9.6 11.0 14.2 13.6 12.2 0.978 0.300 0.03664 0.03153
Haiti 2000 25.5 34.1 34.0 35.4 27.3 31.4 0.934 1.800 0.07546 0.01267
Nicaragua 2001 52.0 67.3 70.6 71.8 72.2 65.3 0.720 20.200 0.07900 0.00587
Peru 2000 10.0 6.7 5.7 5.0 5.1 6.9 1.961 4.900 -0.19985 0.02324

Egypt 2000 10.1 9.6 11.5 15.1 16.6 12.6 0.608 6.500 0.13540 0.01576
Morocco 2003/04 20.3 22.9 29.9 28.7 28.3 25.6 0.715 8.079 0.07634 0.01332
E. SOUTH ASIA 56.7 58.8 59.9 62.3 62.9 59.8 0.902 6.177 0.07570 0.00544
Bangladesh 1996/97 66.3 68.2 75.4 75.7 76.3 71.9 0.869 10.000 0.04036 0.00517
Bangladesh 1999/2000 73.5 78.1 81.1 84.0 83.1 79.3 0.884 9.600 0.03156 0.00405
Bangladesh 2004 74.5 79.2 77.9 80.3 83.1 78.6 0.897 8.532 0.02122 0.00394
India 1998/99 8.8 10.0 14.2 16.3 19.4 13.3 0.454 10.600 0.20522 0.00942
Nepal 1996 26.6 33.8 43.3 31.7 25.6 32.2 1.039 1.000 0.00834 0.01407
Nepal 2001 86.8 87.3 87.5 90.2 86.2 87.6 1.007 0.600 0.00066 0.00297
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VITAMIN A CONSUMPTION AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 9.6 4.5 4.7 1.2 2.0 4.7 4.800 7.600 -0.39331 0.06408
Benin 2001 9.1 12.3 14.2 24.8 37.4 18.3 0.243 28.300 0.28668 0.02027
Burkina Faso 1992/93 5.0 5.5 4.2 6.2 19.7 7.8 0.252 14.716 0.45526 0.05208
Burkina Faso 2003 23.4 28.9 29.6 36.4 47.6 32.2 0.490 24.277 0.11998 0.00902
Cameroon 2004 32.2 36.3 36.5 42.6 50.7 38.8 0.636 18.465 0.09964 0.00930
Chad 1996/97 0.5 0.3 1.1 1.9 1.0 0.9 0.500 0.500 0.18834 0.07564
Chad 2004 33.7 30.5 22.8 33.5 53.9 34.5 0.626 20.189 0.16443 0.01245
Ghana 1998 29.6 19.4 19.7 23.3 23.6 23.5 1.254 6.000 -0.11052 0.02200
Ghana 2003 72.7 70.0 75.5 77.2 84.1 75.1 0.864 11.434 0.02436 0.00556
Kenya 1993 28.3 28.5 32.6 38.1 44.4 33.7 0.638 16.078 0.08287 0.01603
Kenya 2003 28.1 31.1 29.4 35.3 36.6 31.8 0.769 8.432 0.07250 0.01180
Madagascar 1997 2.4 2.6 1.5 2.0 3.2 2.3 0.750 0.800 0.11710 0.08262
Malawi 2000 68.9 70.7 71.8 75.2 66.5 70.6 1.036 2.400 0.00251 0.00408
Mali 1995/96 1.7 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.700 0.700 0.05610 0.10409
Mali 2001 34.3 34.6 39.3 42.0 56.2 40.9 0.610 21.900 0.11069 0.00775
Mauritania 2000/01 50.9 57.5 57.5 66.1 78.0 61.5 0.653 27.100 0.09082 0.00756
Mozambique 2003 38.7 42.2 49.3 58.3 69.7 50.0 0.555 30.991 0.12251 0.00620
Namibia 2000 40.8 40.3 37.9 34.7 38.6 38.4 1.057 2.200 0.00768 0.01294
Niger 1998 6.5 7.0 5.8 9.9 17.8 9.2 0.365 11.300 0.21673 0.03388
Nigeria 2003 21.2 17.2 23.6 43.0 62.2 32.5 0.341 41.003 0.24194 0.01287
Rwanda 2000 38.1 31.1 33.7 29.2 20.1 29.7 1.896 18.000 -0.09384 0.01079
Tanzania 1999 7.9 13.1 9.7 12.8 20.9 12.5 0.378 13.000 0.33045 0.03640
Tanzania 2004 36.1 42.2 44.8 52.2 56.5 45.6 0.639 20.376 0.05415 0.00797
Uganda 2000/01 39.9 39.7 44.2 43.6 48.8 42.9 0.818 8.900 0.04466 0.00881
Zambia 2001 52.6 55.1 60.1 68.3 72.8 60.9 0.722 20.228 0.06188 0.00616
G. ALL COUNTRIES 35.2 37.5 39.3 43.1 47.9 40.0 0.734 12.730 0.07442 0.01346
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VITAMIN A CONSUMPTION AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 7.0 7.3 7.6 12.1 25.0 10.7 0.280 18.000 0.22761 0.02243
Indonesia 2002/03 32.7 35.8 43.4 49.2 54.3 42.7 0.602 21.625 0.09177 0.00527
Philippines 2003 37.5 42.8 46.0 47.2 54.3 44.8 0.691 16.778 0.07444 0.00902

Bolivia 2003 24.2 30.1 34.7 30.7 37.0 30.9 0.655 12.746 0.07057 0.01046
Guatemala 1998/99 1.3 2.8 4.7 8.2 13.2 5.7 0.098 11.900 0.35620 0.04722
Haiti 2000 18.3 22.2 24.3 26.3 32.1 24.5 0.570 13.800 0.17348 0.01647
Nicaragua 2001 16.0 27.6 28.7 32.5 31.6 26.7 0.506 15.600 0.12377 0.01317

Egypt 2000 7.0 8.6 10.9 14.2 18.7 11.9 0.374 11.700 0.18864 0.01697
Morocco 2003/04 18.9 21.2 24.8 28.2 26.0 23.6 0.729 7.053 0.06419 0.01471
Bangladesh 1999/2000 8.4 12.6 14.7 20.4 28.0 15.9 0.300 19.600 0.24737 0.01819
Bangladesh 2004 8.5 8.9 14.7 17.9 25.9 14.6 0.329 17.377 0.26908 0.02025
Nepal 2001 4.3 7.0 9.6 11.8 24.1 10.3 0.178 19.800 0.32510 0.02597
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VITAMIN A CONSUMPTION AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 11.1 16.9 15.6 22.1 39.9 20.2 0.278 28.800 0.23669 0.02055
Burkina Faso 2003 9.4 15.6 16.3 16.5 26.0 16.5 0.364 16.517 0.17007 0.01538
Cameroon 2004 18.2 26.4 28.2 36.8 36.2 28.5 0.502 18.023 0.14294 0.01247
Ethiopia 2000 9.7 7.9 8.4 13.2 21.9 11.8 0.443 12.200 0.23100 0.02009
Ghana 1998 30.5 21.1 26.9 30.6 34.1 28.3 0.894 3.600 -0.03204 0.02011
Ghana 2003 40.7 39.7 39.7 48.3 51.0 43.3 0.799 10.261 0.02891 0.01257
Kenya 2003 9.7 13.6 11.9 13.9 21.9 14.3 0.442 12.251 0.13922 0.02269
Malawi 2000 37.9 39.5 42.9 43.8 45.7 41.7 0.829 7.800 0.04970 0.00757
Mali 2001 9.5 13.3 13.4 22.2 32.1 17.7 0.296 22.600 0.23305 0.01429
Mauritania 2000/01 17.1 21.8 27.9 32.5 39.3 27.5 0.435 22.200 0.19783 0.01626
Mozambique 2003 15.8 16.2 20.9 19.6 34.0 20.8 0.465 18.218 0.20330 0.01441
Namibia 2000 34.5 29.4 32.0 33.4 37.7 33.4 0.915 3.200 0.03547 0.01545
Nigeria 2003 10.4 10.5 13.8 24.5 45.4 19.8 0.228 35.054 0.29472 0.02016
Rwanda 2000 11.3 12.3 14.1 14.5 16.8 13.9 0.673 5.500 0.03689 0.01949
Tanzania 1999 7.9 11.8 9.7 11.1 14.3 10.9 0.552 6.400 0.04244 0.03039
Tanzania 2004 11.3 14.5 16.3 24.0 37.1 20.2 0.306 25.773 0.19313 0.01548
Uganda 2000/01 5.6 7.5 9.4 14.5 21.7 11.3 0.258 16.100 0.31771 0.02540
Zambia 2001 18.9 20.9 24.2 36.0 39.9 27.5 0.474 21.000 0.17362 0.01474
- 186 -
TOBACCO USE AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 18.7 14.4 11.0 7.9 2.1 10.5 8.905 16.600 -0.47965 0.01559
Indonesia 2002/03 2.3 1.5 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.1 1.013 0.031 -0.08336 0.02406
Philippines 2003 13.3 8.6 7.0 5.7 5.3 7.6 2.507 7.975 -0.18198 0.01844

Armenia 2000 0.4 0.8 1.2 3.4 8.2 3.1 0.049 7.800 0.42774 0.04333
Kazakhstan 1999 2.0 3.3 4.7 13.8 14.1 8.5 0.142 12.100 0.39154 0.02861
Turkey 1993 6.7 8.7 15.5 19.8 34.1 18.1 0.196 27.400 0.31968 0.01538

Brazil 1996 2.9 3.6 4.7 4.6 4.1 4.0 0.707 1.200 0.04858 0.02343
Haiti 2000 8.3 3.5 5.2 3.7 2.8 4.4 2.964 5.500 -0.23708 0.03025
Nicaragua 2001 2.1 3.2 4.1 5.5 9.4 5.3 0.223 7.300 0.23874 0.02234

Egypt 2000 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.333 0.400 0.04182 0.08385
India 1998/99 20.9 15.4 12.4 8.8 4.3 12.3 4.860 16.600 -0.26388 0.00539
Nepal 2001 41.3 35.1 29.6 24.0 12.4 28.8 3.331 28.900 -0.19746 0.00922
- 187 -
TOBACCO USE AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 8.9 4.7 2.7 1.1 0.2 3.2 44.500 8.700 -0.54557 0.04708
Burkina Faso 2003 8.6 7.6 6.8 5.1 1.4 5.7 5.954 7.124 -0.29455 0.02100
Cameroon 2004 3.2 2.7 1.9 0.9 1.1 1.9 2.962 2.121 -0.30290 0.04734
Ghana 2003 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.751 0.098 -0.28874 0.24532
Kenya 2003 6.1 3.0 2.2 0.8 1.4 2.5 4.455 4.764 -0.36169 0.04869
Malawi 2000 4.0 2.7 2.4 2.2 0.8 2.4 5.000 3.200 -0.24641 0.03143
Mozambique 2003 12.5 11.0 7.1 3.4 2.0 7.1 6.367 10.511 -0.27432 0.01808
Namibia 2000 10.2 7.2 7.0 9.1 15.3 10.1 0.667 5.100 0.11359 0.02473
Nigeria 2003 1.9 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.6 1.0 3.455 1.362 -0.34531 0.07086
Rwanda 2000 11.0 10.8 9.4 8.2 3.6 8.3 3.056 7.400 -0.19402 0.01644
Tanzania 2004 3.7 1.9 1.8 0.3 0.3 1.5 13.448 3.451 -0.54262 0.05337
Uganda 2000/01 6.0 4.9 3.9 2.0 0.4 3.3 15.000 5.600 -0.42110 0.03951
Zambia 2001 7.1 3.7 1.8 1.5 0.2 2.7 35.500 6.900 -0.49184 0.04544
Zimbabwe 1999 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.3 0.938 0.100 -0.04057 0.07272
- 188 -
TOBACCO USE AMONG MEN

Philippines 2003 67.6 63.2 56.2 49.8 42.1 55.5 1.608 25.584 -0.09068 0.00740

Armenia 2000 69.2 67.3 68.3 68.5 64.8 67.5 1.068 4.400 -0.00915 0.00983

Haiti 2000 18.0 20.1 19.9 11.4 11.6 16.1 1.552 6.400 -0.13402 0.02395

Bangladesh 2004 72.0 63.0 59.1 53.3 49.7 58.7 1.449 22.314 -0.08300 0.00677
Nepal 2001 75.7 81.9 75.3 72.7 60.7 73.1 1.247 15.000 -0.04625 0.00769
- 189 -
TOBACCO USE AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Ghana 2003 21.5 12.9 8.5 6.6 5.7 10.5 3.774 15.838 -0.33069 0.02516
Kenya 2003 22.8 24.7 22.7 28.9 23.7 24.7 0.964 0.852 0.00402 0.01652
Malawi 2000 31.1 25.0 22.3 21.7 19.6 24.0 1.587 11.500 -0.12013 0.01788
Mozambique 2003 37.2 33.4 32.0 21.8 14.2 27.2 2.613 22.957 -0.20907 0.01738
Namibia 2000 29.6 23.3 24.2 31.1 31.7 28.3 0.934 2.100 0.00346 0.01861
Nigeria 2003 12.3 11.9 9.0 10.8 6.2 9.8 1.997 6.146 -0.15399 0.03963
Tanzania 2004 26.7 24.1 24.5 20.8 15.6 22.0 1.714 11.118 -0.10172 0.02198
Uganda 2000/01 36.7 28.3 26.1 21.3 14.4 25.2 2.549 22.300 -0.16781 0.02140
Zambia 2001 37.3 28.0 26.9 27.8 16.2 26.4 2.302 21.100 -0.14836 0.02059
- 190 -
ALCOHOL USE AMONG WOMEN


Kazakhstan 1999 9.1 11.9 16.2 27.9 27.5 19.9 0.331 18.400 0.22953 0.01794

Haiti 2000 4.4 2.0 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.9 4.000 3.300 -0.31397 0.04834

India 1998/99 5.6 2.7 1.8 0.6 0.2 2.2 28.000 5.400 -0.52630 0.01664
- 191 -
ALCOHOL USE AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 2.4 2.3 1.5 2.9 3.5 2.6 0.686 1.100 0.07616 0.04686
Burkina Faso 2003 2.1 1.7 1.8 1.2 0.9 1.5 2.350 1.222 -0.23184 0.04481
Malawi 2000 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.667 1.000 -0.04529 0.03910
Mozambique 2003 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.9 6.2 4.6 0.692 1.905 -0.00991 0.02502
Nigeria 2003 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.572 0.047 0.09191 0.17070
Rwanda 2000 2.5 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.786 1.100 -0.10057 0.03827
Uganda 2000/01 6.8 7.4 5.6 3.9 5.3 5.8 1.283 1.500 -0.04616 0.02876
Zambia 2001 3.0 3.0 2.6 4.5 3.8 3.4 0.789 0.800 0.06678 0.03625
Zimbabwe 1999 2.3 1.5 1.9 3.5 3.0 2.5 0.767 0.700 0.08733 0.04703
- 192 -
ALCOHOL USE AMONG MEN

Philippines 2003 39.5 46.1 44.0 36.9 28.4 38.9 1.393 11.152 -0.05556 0.01052

Armenia 2000 10.7 6.3 6.5 8.6 4.7 7.2 2.277 6.000 -0.11959 0.04981
Kazakhstan 1999 30.1 37.2 36.1 37.5 30.3 34.1 0.993 0.200 0.00791 0.02052

Haiti 2000 5.8 2.9 2.1 2.8 3.6 3.5 1.611 2.200 -0.07562 0.06752
Nicaragua 1997/98 72.2 69.7 66.0 64.7 61.4 66.4 1.176 10.800 -0.03292 0.00761

- 193 -
ALCOHOL USE AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Burkina Faso 2003 3.2 3.8 3.2 1.6 4.8 3.5 0.673 1.576 -0.04101 0.05264
Malawi 2000 25.4 19.9 19.0 19.3 25.0 22.0 1.016 0.400 -0.02215 0.02048
Mozambique 2003 26.1 20.9 16.0 21.6 30.4 23.7 0.858 4.322 0.02184 0.02159
Namibia 2000 22.8 21.7 20.8 31.1 33.8 27.0 0.675 11.000 0.08903 0.01771
Nigeria 2003 4.9 3.7 3.6 2.9 4.4 3.9 1.094 0.418 -0.06671 0.06812
Uganda 2000/01 32.4 24.3 23.0 20.4 14.6 22.8 2.219 17.800 -0.10738 0.02405
Zimbabwe 1999 29.3 20.0 21.7 28.1 25.0 25.0 1.172 4.300 -0.01799 0.01976
- 194 -
Sexual Practices
NON-REGULAR SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na 1.67880 0.65668
Philippines 2003 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.047 0.64860 0.55646

Armenia 2000 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 - 0.100 -0.36815 0.24040
Kazakhstan 1999 0.4 1.9 2.0 5.9 5.0 3.4 0.080 4.600 0.34615 0.04372
Bolivia 2003 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.079 0.096 -0.00822 0.04939
Brazil 1996 10.1 13.4 15.5 15.1 18.2 14.7 0.555 8.100 0.09182 0.01265
Colombia 2000 2.6 4.3 3.8 4.3 4.0 3.9 0.650 1.400 0.06113 0.02626
Colombia 2005 4.3 5.6 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.9 0.904 0.457 -0.00314 0.01527
Haiti 2000 0.6 1.0 2.3 1.4 0.7 1.2 0.857 0.100 0.10707 0.04811
Nicaragua 2001 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.692 0.400 0.04287 0.04792
Peru 1996 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 - 0.100 0.09471 0.13281
Peru 2000 1.9 2.1 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.6 0.613 1.200 0.08095 0.02247

- 195 -
Sexual Practices
NON-REGULAR SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.6 4.500 0.700 -0.22415 0.10104
Benin 2001 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.3 2.3 1.3 0.261 1.700 0.27176 0.07121
Burkina Faso 1998/99 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.9 1.4 0.632 0.700 0.05951 0.05884
Burkina Faso 2003 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.167 0.864 0.28894 0.07507
Cameroon 1998 6.4 6.6 9.4 7.6 8.8 7.8 0.727 2.400 0.05921 0.02593
Cameroon 2004 1.1 2.8 4.0 5.1 6.6 4.1 0.166 5.520 0.24447 0.02860
Chad 1996/97 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.375 0.500 0.36747 0.10465
Chad 2004 0.0 0.4 0.4 2.1 1.6 0.9 - 1.618 0.42735 0.07770
Ethiopia 2000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 - 0.300 0.37958 0.14633
Gabon 2000 19.2 23.0 21.8 16.5 15.9 19.2 1.208 3.300 -0.04786 0.01438
Ghana 2003 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.442 0.439 0.20672 0.10525
Guinea 1999 2.4 2.3 2.5 3.7 3.7 2.9 0.649 1.300 0.10427 0.04027
Kenya 1998 1.6 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.9 2.667 1.000 -0.21515 0.07414
Kenya 2003 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.637 0.417 0.03694 0.05547
Malawi 2000 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.600 0.200 0.03709 0.07018
Mali 2001 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.9 0.8 0.211 1.500 0.39783 0.06790
Mozambique 2003 4.2 7.7 5.0 8.2 7.8 6.5 0.540 3.569 0.04260 0.02134
Namibia 2000 0.8 1.4 1.2 2.1 0.5 1.2 1.600 0.300 -0.06837 0.05817
Niger 1998 1.2 1.2 1.0 2.3 5.3 2.2 0.226 4.100 0.42463 0.05071
Nigeria 2003 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.771 0.136 0.06511 0.08848
Rwanda 2000 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 - 0.300 0.35098 0.15383
South Africa 1998 4.3 5.3 7.3 8.3 3.3 5.8 1.303 1.000 -0.02448 0.01945
Tanzania 1996 11.1 12.9 13.6 11.8 16.4 13.3 0.677 5.300 0.04516 0.01640
Tanzania 1999 9.1 10.8 14.4 12.5 17.7 13.3 0.514 8.600 0.03191 0.01826
Tanzania 2004 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.9 2.3 0.536 1.349 0.02480 0.03833
Togo 1998 8.0 8.5 13.4 22.7 28.0 17.3 0.286 20.000 0.27171 0.01352
Uganda 1995 2.0 1.5 2.3 2.3 1.7 2.0 1.176 0.300 -0.01945 0.04715
Uganda 2000/01 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.000 0.000 0.08224 0.08934
Zambia 1996 1.0 0.6 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.667 0.400 -0.10082 0.07048
Zambia 2001 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.3 1.1 6.000 1.500 -0.22175 0.05996
Zimbabwe 1994 3.8 5.9 4.7 7.2 6.3 5.7 0.603 2.500 0.09703 0.03128
Zimbabwe 1999 2.0 1.5 1.8 2.4 1.0 1.7 2.000 1.000 -0.07423 0.04911
G. ALL COUNTRIES 2.3 2.8 3.1 3.7 3.8 3.2 0.599 1.529 0.17101 0.09299
- 196 -
Sexual Practices
NON-REGULAR SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS AMONG MEN

Philippines 2003 1.3 2.5 3.1 3.2 4.8 3.0 0.283 3.414 0.24817 0.06437

Armenia 2000 8.1 9.7 14.2 13.2 15.4 12.4 0.526 7.300 0.10992 0.03587
Kazakhstan 1999 23.7 17.2 23.1 22.3 24.5 22.3 0.967 0.800 0.03203 0.03053

Bolivia 2003 4.7 7.3 6.1 8.1 12.7 8.0 0.367 8.015 0.15975 0.02735
Brazil 1996 38.9 41.8 42.9 39.1 42.0 41.0 0.926 3.100 0.00596 0.01307
Haiti 1994/95 7.5 10.5 16.3 15.3 12.4 12.6 0.605 4.900 0.09921 0.03547
Haiti 2000 14.9 17.8 19.0 18.5 21.6 18.3 0.690 6.700 0.11218 0.02275
Peru 1996 6.4 6.3 9.2 8.2 8.3 7.9 0.771 1.900 0.10052 0.04087

Nepal 2001 0.2 1.9 2.1 0.8 3.0 1.6 0.067 2.800 0.19301 0.09506
- 197 -
Sexual Practices
NON-REGULAR SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 25.1 26.0 31.2 30.5 37.4 30.3 0.671 12.300 0.08803 0.01769
Benin 2001 11.8 11.6 13.2 21.4 25.0 17.1 0.472 13.200 0.18096 0.02533
Burkina Faso 1998/99 8.1 16.5 17.7 20.7 32.9 20.7 0.246 24.800 0.26933 0.02206
Burkina Faso 2003 2.1 4.0 4.5 4.1 13.4 6.4 0.160 11.281 0.32405 0.03995
Cameroon 1998 17.6 29.9 31.2 32.1 36.0 30.2 0.489 18.400 0.09434 0.01700
Chad 1996/97 6.6 13.5 18.2 20.5 29.9 19.1 0.221 23.300 0.23205 0.02431
Eritrea 1995 0.0 2.4 4.8 5.7 15.9 6.7 - 15.900 0.49451 0.06759
Ethiopia 2000 7.5 4.2 9.8 9.6 11.8 8.6 0.636 4.300 0.17463 0.03530
Gabon 2000 59.8 68.4 65.1 64.3 69.2 65.7 0.864 9.400 0.02151 0.00950
Ghana 2003 4.9 6.5 9.6 8.0 8.1 7.5 0.600 3.252 0.10499 0.02579
Guinea 1999 15.8 11.5 12.4 12.1 11.5 12.6 1.374 4.300 -0.04853 0.03396
Kenya 1998 20.9 22.1 20.6 22.7 20.3 21.3 1.030 0.600 -0.00612 0.01962
Kenya 2003 8.1 10.1 4.9 10.0 13.0 9.6 0.624 4.880 0.12819 0.02901
Malawi 2000 8.3 6.4 9.4 8.9 12.6 9.2 0.659 4.300 0.09671 0.03320
Mali 1995/96 8.1 10.7 16.1 20.7 39.3 19.9 0.206 31.200 0.32034 0.02457
Mali 2001 2.4 4.4 6.2 8.5 12.1 7.1 0.198 9.700 0.27446 0.03869
Mozambique 2003 15.4 22.3 26.8 37.6 41.4 29.0 0.372 25.984 0.18390 0.01804
Namibia 2000 11.7 16.0 17.3 20.5 20.4 17.9 0.574 8.700 0.07511 0.02412
Niger 1998 8.7 6.6 12.3 11.3 22.0 12.8 0.395 13.300 0.27287 0.02649
Nigeria 2003 6.7 6.3 7.1 8.8 6.0 7.0 1.113 0.680 0.04475 0.04516
Tanzania 1996 24.8 26.7 26.2 27.7 35.5 28.6 0.699 10.700 0.07145 0.01919
Tanzania 1999 32.7 30.6 31.5 32.0 32.2 31.8 1.016 0.500 -0.01136 0.01249
Tanzania 2004 20.1 23.0 19.1 25.4 23.7 22.3 0.849 3.570 -0.03127 0.02284
Togo 1998 14.8 18.9 20.4 25.0 24.2 21.0 0.612 9.400 0.08884 0.01743
Uganda 1995 14.3 16.4 16.7 19.6 25.8 18.9 0.554 11.500 0.11483 0.02680
Uganda 2000/01 7.0 6.4 7.0 9.5 14.1 8.9 0.496 7.100 0.22620 0.04407
Zambia 1996 29.3 31.1 29.3 23.6 25.3 27.4 1.158 4.000 -0.05877 0.02266
Zambia 2001 20.5 13.7 12.6 18.5 13.0 15.5 1.577 7.500 -0.02996 0.03146
Zimbabwe 1994 2.1 4.8 4.0 4.8 3.7 4.0 0.568 1.600 0.02341 0.05657
Zimbabwe 1999 11.2 9.9 11.5 10.7 7.6 10.0 1.474 3.600 -0.08073 0.03253
- 198 -
Sexual Practices
CONDOM USAGE WITH NON-REGULAR PARTNER AMONG WOMEN


Armenia 2000 * * * 0.0 0.0 * - - 0.39372 0.12680
Kazakhstan 1999 * * * 28.1 30.8 35.6 - - -0.07481 0.06081
Bolivia 2003 (2.4) (9.1) (16.4) (15.4) 35.6 18.2 0.069 37.999 0.38809 0.09511
Brazil 1996 19.3 29.5 31.1 39.0 38.0 33.1 0.508 18.700 0.11690 0.01833
Colombia 2000 (20.1) 24.2 29.5 34.3 44.0 32.1 0.457 64.100 0.14282 0.03850
Colombia 2005 26.4 38.2 45.4 54.0 60.5 46.4 0.437 34.073 0.13478 0.01691
Dominican Republic 1996 * * * * * (27.9) - - 0.18163 0.14954
Haiti 2000 * * * (32.2) * 18.3 - - 0.50049 0.08481
Nicaragua 2001 * (10.3) (19.7) (13.7) (31.7) 19.6 - - 0.28345 0.10261
Peru 1996 * * * * * * - - 0.09187 0.14778
Peru 2000 4.8 15.3 16.8 32.1 31.3 23.1 0.153 26.500 0.23090 0.03696

- 199 -
Sexual Practices
CONDOM USAGE WITH NON-REGULAR PARTNER AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na 33.2 na na 0.27507 0.09848
Benin 1996 * * * * * (13.2) - - 0.44167 0.32450
Benin 2001 * * * * (30.4) 20.3 - - 0.37083 0.10625
Burkina Faso 1998/99 * * * * (39.3) 22.7 - - 0.16336 0.12596
Burkina Faso 2003 * * * * (80.0) 61.1 - - 0.17282 0.04899
Cameroon 1998 8.4 (5.1) 11.8 17.4 28.0 15.6 0.300 19.600 0.27923 0.06623
Cameroon 2004 * (40.5) 49.8 68.5 77.5 63.6 - - 0.15006 0.02014
Chad 1996/97 * * * * * (13.8) - - 0.73372 0.24225
Chad 2004 * * * * na (9.6) - - 1.02891 0.38925
Ethiopia 2000 * * * * * * - - 0.09770 0.21497
Gabon 2000 15.6 28.6 34.7 34.1 40.2 31.4 0.388 24.600 0.14671 0.02377
Ghana 2003 * * * * * (46.0) - - 0.14650 0.09657
Guinea 1999 (5.5) (3.6) (19.6) 14.9 35.4 18.1 0.155 40.900 0.36575 0.07859
Kenya 1998 * * * * * 25.6 - - 0.24021 0.10595
Kenya 2003 * * * * * 28.1 - - 0.26627 0.08171
Malawi 2000 * * * * * 24.1 - - 0.32663 0.14559
Mali 2001 * * * * 34.1 22.3 - - 0.31693 0.08418
Mozambique 2003 8.7 6.4 8.4 13.9 48.9 20.9 0.178 40.178 0.46889 0.04395
Namibia 2000 * * * * * 67.8 - - 0.14358 0.04262
Niger 1998 * * * (0.7) 22.6 12.6 - - 0.41732 0.10652
Nigeria 2003 * * * * * (29.9) - - 0.02527 0.15189
Rwanda 2000 * * * * * * - - 0.33156 0.17915
South Africa 1998 9.4 14.0 24.5 25.2 27.0 21.3 0.348 17.600 0.17580 0.04356
Tanzania 1996 7.3 11.7 13.0 13.1 30.5 17.1 0.239 23.200 0.25291 0.04137
Tanzania 1999 21.8 14.0 15.4 16.1 36.0 22.8 0.606 14.200 0.22737 0.04752
Tanzania 2004 * (33.2) (31.7) (36.8) 68.8 44.1 - - 0.11568 0.04309
Togo 1998 12.6 10.2 12.8 14.4 26.1 18.6 0.483 13.500 0.21405 0.03393
Uganda 1995 (13.2) * (6.0) (10.8) (57.8) 19.7 - - 0.47970 0.09932
Uganda 2000/01 * * * * * (39.8) - - 0.37119 0.09594
Zambia 1996 * * * * * 35.1 - - 0.20251 0.09982
Zambia 2001 (8.3) * * * * 25.7 - - 0.25313 0.08785
Zimbabwe 1994 19.5 8.8 31.4 31.7 38.1 28.1 0.512 18.600 0.13197 0.04469
Zimbabwe 1999 * * * (72.8) * 59.7 - - 0.14589 0.04811
- 200 -
Sexual Practices
CONDOM USAGE WITH NON-REGULAR PARTNER AMONG MEN

Philippines 2003 * * * * (41.1) 30.1 - - -0.01032 0.11350

Armenia 2000 37.1 36.7 55.0 66.3 73.0 57.6 0.508 35.900 0.11992 0.03278
Kazakhstan 1999 54.5 46.7 62.1 66.4 66.0 60.6 0.826 11.500 0.05076 0.02826

Bolivia 2003 (15.9) 26.3 29.5 48.8 47.6 38.4 0.335 63.537 0.18923 0.03361
Brazil 1996 46.3 54.3 61.0 71.3 70.7 61.5 0.655 24.400 0.09169 0.01265
Haiti 2000 21.3 36.5 28.6 54.7 70.1 44.5 0.304 48.800 0.25180 0.02426
Peru 1996 6.5 38.1 22.4 45.1 56.8 37.1 0.114 50.300 0.11577 0.04504

Nepal 2001 0.0 0.0 65.9 38.4 71.8 49.5 - 71.800 0.29163 0.06580
- 201 -
Sexual Practices
CONDOM USAGE WITH NON-REGULAR PARTNER AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 1.2 10.8 12.2 25.1 43.9 21.7 0.027 42.700 0.41043 0.03968
Benin 2001 25.2 25.9 30.3 47.8 54.5 41.9 0.462 29.300 0.18687 0.02875
Burkina Faso 1998/99 17.6 10.8 14.2 6.0 10.8 10.9 1.630 6.800 -0.02871 0.07063
Burkina Faso 2003 * (53.2) (67.3) * 96.1 82.2 - - 0.08775 0.01615
Cameroon 1998 12.6 19.0 27.8 29.9 44.7 30.5 0.282 32.100 0.20579 0.02939
Chad 1996/97 0.0 8.6 15.0 13.6 43.9 24.6 - 43.900 0.43281 0.04341
Eritrea 1995 * 0.0 82.6 83.0 75.7 72.5 - - 0.06474 0.04284
Ethiopia 2000 5.8 8.8 8.4 24.8 59.2 26.2 0.098 53.400 0.59598 0.05618
Ghana 2003 (38.9) 28.8 42.6 54.3 75.9 51.3 0.513 114.796 0.16593 0.02461
Guinea 1999 25.3 23.9 15.8 38.4 44.5 30.3 0.569 19.200 0.15650 0.05816
Kenya 1998 28.8 39.2 45.7 43.9 63.6 46.2 0.453 34.800 0.12885 0.02321
Kenya 2003 (58.0) 47.8 (43.2) 56.3 73.1 60.0 0.794 131.092 0.10680 0.02467
Malawi 2000 31.0 47.5 29.2 62.5 53.4 45.7 0.581 22.400 0.09601 0.03860
Mali 1995/96 6.2 13.7 18.3 32.2 52.2 35.5 0.119 46.000 0.28655 0.03169
Mali 2001 36.3 33.8 33.9 70.7 65.1 55.5 0.558 28.800 0.15425 0.02932
Mozambique 2003 19.1 24.2 24.1 40.4 59.1 40.0 0.323 39.980 0.28666 0.02575
Namibia 2000 82.7 54.2 76.6 80.4 92.8 79.3 0.891 10.100 0.06075 0.01180
Niger 1998 13.6 12.1 12.4 11.8 58.0 32.1 0.234 44.400 0.39269 0.03460
Nigeria 2003 (30.9) (42.8) (51.8) (67.2) (85.6) 57.9 0.360 54.751 0.19960 0.03499
Tanzania 1996 20.2 16.4 17.7 24.5 34.4 24.2 0.587 14.200 0.17783 0.04070
Tanzania 1999 21.4 27.6 25.7 33.8 62.3 36.0 0.343 40.900 0.20015 0.02274
Tanzania 2004 35.5 47.7 66.6 62.0 89.7 62.4 0.396 54.214 0.13823 0.01862
Togo 1998 19.1 23.0 29.8 38.8 49.0 35.1 0.390 29.900 0.18126 0.02858
Uganda 1995 17.3 21.9 37.2 31.4 50.5 34.7 0.343 33.200 0.21459 0.03643
Uganda 2000/01 57.6 45.2 51.4 71.1 91.3 69.1 0.631 33.700 0.15505 0.02439
Zambia 1996 32.2 20.4 30.0 50.2 56.8 38.7 0.567 24.600 0.16051 0.03381
Zambia 2001 33.8 37.6 46.6 64.2 68.6 51.4 0.493 34.800 0.17092 0.02974
Zimbabwe 1994 26.9 29.1 41.8 40.8 78.7 47.3 0.342 51.800 0.15253 0.06050
Zimbabwe 1999 59.7 63.6 70.5 82.2 95.3 75.6 0.626 35.600 0.09740 0.01956
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Domestic Violence
EVER EXPERIENCED DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Cambodia 2000 22.3 21.2 14.7 12.8 15.6 17.5 1.429 6.700 -0.08420 0.02575


Colombia 2000 30.2 34.7 34.6 26.3 21.1 29.0 1.431 9.100 -0.08836 0.00836
Colombia 2005 41.9 47.7 46.0 43.8 37.3 43.5 1.123 4.580 -0.03261 0.00440
Haiti 2000 20.9 22.1 25.8 19.6 13.9 19.8 1.504 7.000 -0.06945 0.01850
Nicaragua 1997/98 27.9 30.5 31.8 29.1 23.9 28.6 1.167 4.000 -0.08487 0.01050
Peru 2000 30.4 33.0 33.2 25.8 17.7 27.4 1.718 12.700 -0.11167 0.00573

India 1998/99 27.5 24.2 20.3 15.4 7.8 19.0 3.526 19.700 -0.21306 0.00375
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Domestic Violence
EVER EXPERIENCED DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (Cont.)

South Africa 1998 5.1 9.2 9.0 11.2 10.4 9.2 0.490 5.300 0.07069 0.01600
Zambia 2001 39.5 35.0 36.1 37.6 34.8 36.6 1.135 4.700 -0.00703 0.01046
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Domestic Violence
EXPERIENCED DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN PAST YEAR

Cambodia 2000 20.1 18.7 12.4 11.5 13.7 15.4 1.467 6.400 -0.08476 0.02811


Haiti 2000 17.4 16.0 21.9 15.4 6.3 14.5 2.762 11.100 -0.07946 0.02161
Nicaragua 1997/98 12.0 12.8 14.3 13.9 9.4 12.5 1.277 2.600 -0.09080 0.01587

India 1998/99 16.5 13.8 10.9 7.4 3.4 10.4 4.853 13.100 -0.26003 0.00550
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Domestic Violence
EXPERIENCED DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN PAST YEAR (Cont.)

Cameroon 2004 7.4 6.3 7.4 7.8 6.7 7.2 1.108 0.728 -0.01906 0.02065
Kenya 2003 21.8 20.1 17.9 13.1 10.5 16.0 2.068 11.244 -0.15546 0.01327
South Africa 1998 2.3 3.9 3.3 4.2 2.6 3.3 0.885 0.300 -0.02953 0.02606
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D. UNDERLYING DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, NUTRITION,
POPULATION STATUS
Education 209
School Completion
Women
Men
Girls
Boys
Exposure to Mass Media 217

Women
Men
Radio Listenership
Women
Men
Women
Men
Knowledge and Attitudes about HIV/AIDS 229

Knowledge about Sexual Transmission
of HIV/AIDS
Women
Men
Knowledge about Mother-to-Child Transmission
of HIV/AIDS
Women
Men
Women
Men
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Status of Women 241
Can Seek Own Health Care
Can Seek Children's Health Care
Can Make Daily Household Purchases
Can Make Large Household Purchases
Can Make Meal-Related Decisions
Freedom of Movement
Can Travel to Visit Family, Relatives
Can Decide How to Spend Own Money
Can Decide Whether to Have Sex
Justifies Domestic Violence
Orphanhood 259
Paternal Orphan Prevalence
Maternal Orphan Prevalence
Double Orphan Prevalence
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Part IV: Underlying Determinants of HNP Status
Education
SCHOOL COMPLETION AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 11.0 16.0 23.1 36.3 65.6 31.8 0.168 54.600 0.34573 0.00602
Indonesia 1997 52.0 60.1 67.1 79.0 91.9 71.2 0.566 39.900 0.11552 0.00151
Indonesia 2002/03 64.1 71.1 80.6 87.3 94.6 80.1 0.678 30.516 0.07876 0.00124
Philippines 1998 71.2 88.6 95.6 97.3 98.0 91.6 0.727 26.800 0.06039 0.00179
Philippines 2003 72.9 90.3 94.9 97.5 98.8 92.2 0.738 25.849 0.05041 0.00164
Vietnam 1997 44.8 74.8 81.5 90.8 93.9 78.1 0.477 49.100 0.12288 0.00329
Vietnam 2002 47.5 77.6 86.8 89.0 94.3 79.8 0.504 46.800 0.10724 0.00332
Armenia 2000 98.7 99.4 99.8 99.6 99.8 99.5 0.989 1.100 0.00169 0.00053
Kazakhstan 1995 96.6 97.7 98.0 97.4 97.2 97.4 0.994 0.600 -0.00010 0.00144
Kazakhstan 1999 98.2 99.3 99.6 99.0 99.5 99.1 0.987 1.300 0.00141 0.00082
Kyrgyzstan 1997 97.6 99.5 99.1 99.3 99.7 99.1 0.979 2.100 0.00232 0.00082
Turkey 1993 49.1 65.1 70.4 80.7 91.7 72.9 0.535 42.600 0.11299 0.00325
Turkey 1998 53.0 68.7 78.2 85.2 94.4 77.9 0.561 41.400 0.11199 0.00315
Uzbekistan 1996 99.1 98.7 99.0 99.6 99.7 99.2 0.994 0.600 0.00125 0.00070
Bolivia 1998 28.7 53.1 71.6 86.1 93.4 70.8 0.307 64.700 0.18184 0.00291
Bolivia 2003 36.4 57.1 73.5 84.6 93.3 72.6 0.390 56.892 0.14484 0.00227
Brazil 1996 22.5 48.8 63.4 76.6 82.8 61.3 0.272 60.300 0.19608 0.00340
Colombia 1995 34.3 60.6 80.1 90.4 93.6 75.5 0.366 59.300 0.14777 0.00286
Colombia 2000 43.5 71.3 84.4 91.8 94.5 79.9 0.460 51.000 0.11459 0.00261
Colombia 2005 55.9 76.6 87.3 92.4 96.6 83.9 0.579 40.615 0.08887 0.00131
Guatemala 1995 5.1 9.6 24.6 55.0 82.8 40.3 0.062 77.700 0.41046 0.00477
Guatemala 1998/999 7.1 13.9 30.7 59.1 83.4 43.5 0.085 76.300 0.38342 0.00598
Haiti 1994/95 4.9 11.1 27.2 41.8 65.4 33.8 0.075 60.500 0.38633 0.00871
Haiti 2000 9.8 17.7 29.5 52.3 72.4 41.0 0.135 62.600 0.33629 0.00554
Nicaragua 1997/98 20.2 41.2 61.8 78.6 88.7 61.9 0.228 68.500 0.23416 0.00294
Nicaragua 2001 19.9 42.2 64.8 81.0 91.7 64.1 0.217 71.800 0.23997 0.00283
Paraguay 1990 42.6 54.3 68.4 82.8 92.6 71.2 0.460 50.000 0.14351 0.00410
Peru 1996 38.2 65.1 83.4 90.7 94.8 77.6 0.403 56.600 0.14856 0.00167
Peru 2000 46.8 71.6 89.0 94.6 97.4 82.9 0.480 50.600 0.11977 0.00161
Egypt 1995 16.3 30.6 49.9 69.5 89.2 53.1 0.183 72.900 0.29128 0.00263
Egypt 2000 21.8 38.0 54.7 71.2 91.1 57.3 0.239 69.300 0.25134 0.00243
Jordan 1997 76.0 88.5 89.7 93.9 96.1 89.3 0.791 20.100 0.05942 0.00263
Morocco 1992 1.8 5.2 17.9 38.5 62.8 28.0 0.029 61.000 0.47369 0.00782
Morocco 2003/04 6.5 16.0 31.9 52.1 68.7 37.0 0.095 62.196 0.32933 0.00462
Yemen 1997 2.9 7.8 13.3 25.6 51.9 21.4 0.056 49.000 0.51391 0.00827
E. SOUTH ASIA 9.0 17.2 27.4 43.0 70.4 34.8 0.128 61.329 0.40289 0.00589
Bangladesh 1996/97 9.5 15.7 26.9 46.6 67.9 34.2 0.140 58.400 0.37227 0.00632
Bangladesh 1999/2000 9.8 22.5 39.0 59.4 75.9 42.7 0.129 66.100 0.33251 0.00429
Bangladesh 2004 14.4 30.4 43.2 59.2 74.5 45.9 0.193 60.115 0.27945 0.00407
India 1992/93 7.3 14.0 25.2 46.7 80.7 36.6 0.090 73.400 0.43878 0.00164
India 1998/99 9.7 20.5 37.3 57.7 85.6 44.1 0.113 75.900 0.36981 0.00130
Nepal 1996 4.3 6.3 10.3 17.5 45.8 17.6 0.094 41.500 0.48586 0.01288
Nepal 2001 8.8 10.6 17.2 24.7 54.8 24.1 0.161 46.000 0.40319 0.00937
Pakistan 1990/91 3.2 7.2 11.9 30.3 66.5 25.1 0.048 63.300 0.55911 0.00881
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Education
SCHOOL COMPLETION AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 1.3 1.5 5.5 15.8 44.4 14.9 0.029 43.100 0.56811 0.02012
Benin 2001 3.0 5.4 8.9 20.6 54.5 20.7 0.055 51.500 0.51913 0.01377
Burkina Faso 1992/93 2.2 2.9 3.0 7.0 37.4 11.5 0.058 35.276 0.82710 0.02233
Burkina Faso 1998/99 1.1 1.6 2.5 4.8 35.9 9.6 0.031 34.800 0.86392 0.02689
Burkina Faso 2003 2.8 3.4 5.8 8.7 46.3 15.1 0.060 43.501 0.57831 0.01305
Cameroon 1991 13.8 24.9 38.9 57.6 81.8 45.3 0.169 68.000 0.34060 0.00735
Cameroon 1998 24.8 38.5 54.1 74.5 82.8 56.3 0.300 58.000 0.23070 0.00583
Cameroon 2004 23.4 44.0 64.3 81.2 92.5 63.9 0.253 69.151 0.20924 0.00346
Chad 1996/97 0.5 1.0 1.5 5.7 27.0 6.9 0.019 26.500 0.86699 0.03122
Chad 2004 0.0 3.6 5.8 9.6 35.5 10.8 - 35.505 0.75146 0.02134
Comoros 1996 9.4 16.9 29.9 38.0 60.1 32.3 0.156 50.700 0.33307 0.01255
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 9.5 14.6 19.8 29.9 54.1 27.2 0.176 44.600 0.34840 0.01009
Eritrea 1995 1.0 1.9 3.6 20.2 57.7 19.6 0.017 56.700 0.67617 0.01458
Ethiopia 2000 1.7 1.9 3.3 5.3 42.2 12.6 0.040 40.500 0.90685 0.01407
Gabon 2000 56.1 71.9 79.7 84.1 87.6 77.7 0.640 31.500 0.08393 0.00385
Ghana 1993 35.2 33.5 48.9 66.0 83.2 55.6 0.423 48.000 0.19021 0.00704
Ghana 1998 25.5 50.6 59.8 72.6 86.4 60.7 0.295 60.900 0.22550 0.00489
Ghana 2003 23.9 45.1 61.0 70.8 86.1 60.7 0.278 62.207 0.21697 0.00438
Guinea 1999 1.8 1.6 4.1 14.6 43.5 13.8 0.041 41.700 0.64451 0.01939
Kenya 1993 44.8 60.7 69.3 73.9 85.1 68.1 0.526 40.348 0.10568 0.00418
Kenya 1998 58.8 69.0 76.0 84.9 90.8 76.8 0.648 32.000 0.08562 0.00364
Kenya 2003 48.6 72.5 77.5 86.3 90.6 77.0 0.537 41.970 0.11887 0.00344
Madagascar 1997 9.3 11.3 16.4 32.1 72.3 29.9 0.129 63.000 0.46461 0.00853
Malawi 1992 10.2 17.9 23.2 29.2 58.6 27.9 0.174 48.400 0.37915 0.01208
Malawi 2000 25.6 32.2 33.9 44.5 73.7 42.1 0.347 48.100 0.22938 0.00539
Mali 1995/96 1.4 2.4 3.3 8.7 36.1 10.9 0.039 34.700 0.63031 0.02009
Mali 2001 2.4 2.8 3.4 10.0 41.8 13.2 0.057 39.400 0.61433 0.01514
Mauritania 2000/01 8.1 13.6 20.6 36.5 63.1 29.7 0.128 55.000 0.40280 0.00879
Mozambique 1997 3.0 5.3 8.7 19.7 48.4 17.3 0.062 45.400 0.60485 0.01360
Mozambique 2003 3.5 6.1 8.8 23.4 52.3 20.2 0.066 48.830 0.55920 0.00933
Namibia 1992 46.9 53.6 65.0 65.7 89.5 65.8 0.524 42.600 0.12762 0.00498
Namibia 2000 66.2 73.1 80.0 83.2 92.9 80.3 0.713 26.700 0.08014 0.00345
Niger 1998 3.0 3.5 5.0 8.0 38.1 11.7 0.079 35.100 0.69218 0.02189
Nigeria 1990 15.0 20.7 28.1 46.0 72.8 36.7 0.206 57.800 0.33562 0.00657
Nigeria 2003 22.8 29.6 42.7 63.7 90.7 51.5 0.252 67.843 0.26004 0.00503
Rwanda 2000 28.3 29.5 32.4 41.6 66.5 40.8 0.426 38.200 0.21018 0.00613
South Africa 1998 67.7 77.2 84.8 92.9 97.1 85.2 0.697 29.400 0.06193 0.00207
Tanzania 1996 40.8 47.1 53.9 61.0 81.4 58.1 0.501 40.600 0.14009 0.00485
Tanzania 1999 44.2 48.6 50.4 64.7 82.3 59.5 0.537 38.100 0.14511 0.00602
Tanzania 2004 40.5 47.9 60.0 75.1 87.2 64.1 0.465 46.662 0.15795 0.00366
Togo 1998 4.8 7.2 19.3 34.6 56.9 27.8 0.084 52.100 0.42068 0.00875
Uganda 1995 20.4 29.0 35.3 42.4 75.8 41.1 0.269 55.400 0.28104 0.00678
Uganda 2000/01 24.2 30.4 44.6 60.1 82.0 50.0 0.295 57.800 0.26028 0.00510
Zambia 1996 39.6 46.7 59.6 76.2 92.9 64.5 0.426 53.300 0.18222 0.00392
Zambia 2001 40.8 47.7 60.8 80.4 94.5 66.4 0.432 53.700 0.17849 0.00397
Zimbabwe 1994 58.7 61.5 75.2 84.1 92.1 75.8 0.637 33.400 0.09453 0.00389
Zimbabwe 1999 70.0 78.8 81.1 86.7 96.8 83.9 0.723 26.800 0.05991 0.00293
G. ALL COUNTRIES 32.3 41.3 49.4 59.8 77.3 53.7 0.418 44.967 0.29173 0.00641
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Education
SCHOOL COMPLETION AMONG MEN

Cambodia 2000 27.8 35.9 47.7 58.8 82.2 52.1 0.338 54.400 0.22428 0.00391
Indonesia 1997 63.7 73.1 79.0 87.0 96.1 80.6 0.663 32.400 0.07897 0.00123
Indonesia 2002/03 71.5 80.3 87.5 93.0 97.6 86.2 0.732 26.156 0.06014 0.00107
Philippines 1998 64.2 82.7 93.1 97.0 98.4 88.0 0.652 34.200 0.08518 0.00192
Philippines 2003 62.1 84.4 93.2 96.5 99.0 87.8 0.627 36.892 0.07981 0.00185
Vietnam 1997 55.9 81.4 88.8 95.0 95.3 83.7 0.587 39.400 0.09392 0.00307
Vietnam 2002 56.6 80.8 91.7 92.2 97.3 84.2 0.582 40.700 0.09186 0.00298
Armenia 2000 98.5 99.4 99.2 99.2 99.7 99.2 0.988 1.200 0.00253 0.00071
Kazakhstan 1995 97.6 98.9 97.8 96.6 96.1 97.4 1.016 1.500 -0.00269 0.00160
Kazakhstan 1999 97.3 97.6 98.0 98.9 99.1 98.2 0.982 1.800 0.00359 0.00109
Kyrgyzstan 1997 99.1 99.2 99.4 99.0 99.7 99.3 0.994 0.600 0.00026 0.00070
Turkey 1993 84.0 89.5 94.2 95.8 98.7 93.1 0.851 14.700 0.02986 0.00173
Turkey 1998 85.3 93.2 95.1 96.5 98.7 94.3 0.864 13.400 0.02848 0.00174
Uzbekistan 1996 99.5 99.5 99.1 99.6 99.6 99.5 0.999 0.100 0.00021 0.00057
Bolivia 1998 54.2 75.6 87.8 94.7 97.9 84.1 0.554 43.700 0.10298 0.00239
Bolivia 2003 60.5 78.5 88.0 93.1 97.9 85.2 0.618 37.373 0.08257 0.00181
Brazil 1996 16.9 45.2 59.4 74.5 83.5 57.3 0.202 66.600 0.23820 0.00340
Colombia 1995 33.8 59.5 80.6 90.9 95.8 73.0 0.353 62.000 0.17519 0.00297
Colombia 2000 45.5 71.4 83.9 93.5 95.7 78.1 0.475 50.200 0.13302 0.00276
Colombia 2005 52.4 73.6 85.1 91.0 96.3 80.2 0.544 43.898 0.10458 0.00152
Guatemala 1995 13.0 20.9 39.9 66.2 88.0 48.7 0.148 75.000 0.33140 0.00424
Guatemala 1998/99 16.1 27.6 46.6 73.1 90.7 53.3 0.178 74.600 0.30389 0.00507
Haiti 1994/95 9.0 17.9 36.5 53.9 77.4 41.6 0.116 68.400 0.35518 0.00725
Haiti 2000 20.5 29.0 39.7 66.6 85.3 51.0 0.240 64.800 0.27819 0.00451
Nicaragua 1997/98 19.8 38.7 61.6 80.0 90.3 60.1 0.219 70.500 0.25360 0.00308
Nicaragua 2001 18.3 36.9 61.7 80.2 94.4 59.8 0.194 76.100 0.27259 0.00295
Paraguay 1990 53.2 61.5 73.9 84.0 91.6 73.8 0.581 38.400 0.10981 0.00390
Peru 1996 61.4 80.4 91.3 95.8 97.7 86.9 0.628 36.300 0.08470 0.00134
Peru 2000 71.9 87.0 94.5 97.7 98.9 91.0 0.727 27.000 0.05764 0.00119
Egypt 1995 51.1 62.8 76.4 85.1 94.6 75.1 0.540 43.500 0.12117 0.00208
Egypt 2000 56.1 69.9 78.9 84.7 95.1 77.5 0.590 39.000 0.09775 0.00195
Jordan 1997 85.3 90.4 95.1 97.7 98.6 93.3 0.865 13.300 0.01947 0.00150
Morocco 1992 13.8 27.4 44.6 64.1 85.1 50.7 0.162 71.300 0.29065 0.00462
Morocco 2003/04 26.2 35.9 50.4 69.4 85.0 54.7 0.308 58.814 0.20370 0.00362
Yemen 1997 42.2 56.3 67.3 73.9 85.2 66.0 0.495 43.000 0.12870 0.00311
E. SOUTH ASIA 27.9 42.1 53.7 66.5 84.9 56.9 0.329 56.980 0.21034 0.00353
Bangladesh 1996/97 18.5 26.9 40.9 59.1 80.9 47.2 0.229 62.400 0.28670 0.00467
Bangladesh 1999/2000 16.0 30.5 51.2 72.0 84.7 53.3 0.189 68.700 0.27370 0.00355
Bangladesh 2004 17.5 36.7 52.1 68.1 81.9 53.7 0.214 64.319 0.24412 0.00365
India 1992/93 35.3 44.9 58.8 75.4 92.5 63.0 0.382 57.200 0.19610 0.00109
India 1998/99 36.0 53.4 69.0 81.5 94.9 68.8 0.379 58.900 0.17152 0.00095
Nepal 1996 26.1 30.5 39.5 53.2 74.9 46.2 0.348 48.800 0.21893 0.00572
Nepal 2001 33.8 38.4 45.5 55.3 80.3 52.6 0.421 46.500 0.18915 0.00505
Pakistan 1990/91 24.4 40.0 48.2 61.2 82.6 52.5 0.295 58.200 0.23656 0.00448
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Education
SCHOOL COMPLETION AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 7.8 15.8 24.9 44.9 70.8 35.0 0.110 63.000 0.38767 0.00929
Benin 2001 14.0 22.8 34.0 48.6 77.0 42.2 0.182 63.000 0.32143 0.00731
Burkina Faso 1992/93 4.8 6.3 11.2 17.7 51.4 21.6 0.093 46.608 0.61959 0.01376
Burkina Faso 1998/99 4.0 7.0 8.3 12.8 49.5 19.5 0.081 45.500 0.59056 0.01561
Burkina Faso 2003 7.0 9.6 13.1 19.6 61.2 25.8 0.115 54.163 0.44311 0.00879
Cameroon 1991 32.7 44.6 60.8 74.0 91.4 62.9 0.358 58.700 0.20185 0.00580
Cameroon 1998 38.9 55.8 71.8 83.0 90.0 71.4 0.432 51.100 0.13692 0.00470
Cameroon 2004 44.4 57.0 74.9 86.1 94.2 75.7 0.471 49.871 0.12314 0.00299
Chad 1996/97 6.0 12.5 16.2 31.6 54.5 27.4 0.110 48.500 0.39688 0.00993
Chad 2004 1.6 21.4 27.9 39.4 58.4 32.3 0.028 56.762 0.39669 0.00882
Comoros 1996 25.6 33.0 44.4 50.8 70.5 47.0 0.363 44.900 0.20056 0.01061
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 24.6 34.5 39.6 50.8 77.4 47.4 0.318 52.800 0.22688 0.00623
Eritrea 1995 4.7 6.4 7.5 40.0 84.2 31.7 0.056 79.500 0.59098 0.00981
Ethiopia 2000 11.0 10.9 13.0 20.5 63.3 25.3 0.174 52.300 0.54586 0.00763
Gabon 2000 70.3 76.9 76.6 82.4 88.6 79.8 0.793 18.300 0.04385 0.00344
Ghana 1993 53.4 55.4 68.1 82.9 92.2 71.9 0.579 38.800 0.12072 0.00546
Ghana 1998 43.1 73.5 82.7 86.7 94.9 78.6 0.454 51.800 0.14394 0.00427
Ghana 2003 41.3 66.9 77.3 86.7 95.0 75.8 0.434 53.744 0.15450 0.00395
Guinea 1999 16.1 12.9 22.3 39.0 63.8 34.2 0.252 47.700 0.33641 0.00936
Kenya 1993 65.7 74.7 83.0 84.5 89.2 80.9 0.736 23.520 0.05058 0.00337
Kenya 1998 72.1 80.3 86.0 88.3 92.6 85.1 0.779 20.500 0.04353 0.00295
Kenya 2003 61.3 78.4 83.1 86.7 91.3 81.9 0.671 30.086 0.08068 0.00325
Madagascar 1997 10.9 14.6 19.0 31.5 71.1 32.3 0.153 60.200 0.43051 0.00793
Malawi 1992 32.2 41.1 49.0 53.2 72.9 51.8 0.442 40.700 0.15855 0.00697
Malawi 2000 42.9 51.7 53.6 65.2 83.2 61.2 0.516 40.300 0.13257 0.00360
Mali 1995/96 4.6 6.9 9.7 19.3 52.6 20.6 0.087 48.000 0.51107 0.01249
Mali 2001 8.3 8.3 10.6 20.3 58.3 24.6 0.142 50.000 0.47786 0.00939
Mauritania 2000/01 13.1 21.8 34.8 50.1 67.5 41.4 0.194 54.400 0.29420 0.00715
Mozambique 1997 14.0 19.4 27.9 41.7 66.2 35.4 0.211 52.200 0.30777 0.00781
Mozambique 2003 17.6 21.5 26.6 43.1 63.9 37.0 0.276 46.307 0.29474 0.00605
Namibia 1992 39.2 50.1 53.0 57.2 83.2 58.9 0.471 44.000 0.12622 0.00624
Namibia 2000 62.6 64.5 68.7 75.7 91.6 74.7 0.683 29.000 0.09623 0.00405
Niger 1998 8.6 10.2 13.5 18.6 52.7 22.6 0.163 44.100 0.44523 0.01310
Nigeria 1990 33.3 44.4 55.1 63.8 87.7 58.6 0.380 54.400 0.19151 0.00421
Nigeria 2003 42.1 56.5 67.1 81.9 94.3 71.2 0.446 52.211 0.14406 0.00386
Rwanda 2000 32.3 33.1 39.0 48.4 71.5 47.2 0.452 39.200 0.19496 0.00564
South Africa 1998 68.6 80.1 87.1 93.9 97.6 87.1 0.703 29.000 0.06104 0.00212
Tanzania 1996 51.8 61.1 66.1 72.6 85.9 69.1 0.603 34.100 0.09649 0.00416
Tanzania 1999 59.7 60.9 64.3 74.4 84.7 69.9 0.705 25.000 0.08883 0.00539
Tanzania 2004 48.5 60.9 70.9 80.9 92.0 72.5 0.527 43.564 0.12143 0.00337
Togo 1998 26.7 35.7 51.2 69.6 83.0 56.2 0.322 56.300 0.23681 0.00461
Uganda 1995 45.4 53.0 54.7 61.9 81.6 60.1 0.556 36.200 0.12629 0.00516
Uganda 2000/01 47.4 58.8 62.6 75.7 87.5 67.5 0.542 40.100 0.13167 0.00411
Zambia 1996 60.9 65.3 73.2 91.4 96.9 79.3 0.628 36.000 0.10483 0.00298
Zambia 2001 55.6 67.0 77.2 90.4 97.3 79.2 0.571 41.700 0.11176 0.00317
Zimbabwe 1994 77.3 81.7 84.8 88.8 95.9 87.2 0.806 18.600 0.04490 0.00284
Zimbabwe 1999 82.0 86.7 88.4 93.2 96.7 90.6 0.848 14.700 0.03341 0.00238
G. ALL COUNTRIES 43.4 53.3 61.3 71.3 85.7 64.6 0.507 42.270 0.19012 0.00436
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SCHOOL PARTICIPATION AMONG GIRLS

Cambodia 2000 44.6 51.8 65.0 72.7 86.5 62.8 0.516 41.900 0.14046 0.00563
Indonesia 1997 78.6 87.6 87.2 91.0 95.1 87.2 0.826 16.500 0.04626 0.00221
Indonesia 2002/03 78.7 86.1 87.1 91.7 92.2 86.7 0.854 13.442 0.03537 0.00234
Philippines 1998 72.7 83.3 87.7 92.0 96.1 84.8 0.757 23.400 0.06303 0.00394
Philippines 2003 82.3 93.3 94.6 97.4 98.0 92.0 0.840 15.684 0.03995 0.00312
Vietnam 1997 76.7 85.5 88.1 91.2 92.7 86.0 0.827 16.000 0.04294 0.00566
Vietnam 2002 90.6 97.6 98.6 96.7 98.1 95.9 0.924 7.500 0.01869 0.00390
Armenia 2000 82.7 84.3 84.2 87.9 87.0 84.9 0.951 4.300 0.00805 0.00709
Kazakhstan 1995 76.3 76.3 74.5 63.6 74.4 73.4 1.026 1.900 -0.01983 0.01129
Kazakhstan 1999 70.1 73.1 75.7 72.4 75.8 73.2 0.925 5.700 0.01142 0.01077
Kyrgyzstan 1997 75.7 75.0 79.5 70.6 80.6 76.2 0.939 4.900 0.00194 0.01043
Turkey 1993 55.5 68.1 76.7 76.4 81.0 70.6 0.685 25.500 0.07173 0.00843
Turkey 1998 47.2 68.7 75.5 84.0 86.3 70.1 0.547 39.100 0.13211 0.00870
Uzbekistan 1996 65.5 72.6 63.3 76.1 75.8 70.2 0.864 10.300 0.02991 0.01037
Bolivia 1998 87.3 93.4 97.4 98.8 98.8 94.5 0.884 11.500 0.02689 0.00250
Bolivia 2003 41.9 39.5 58.7 77.4 85.4 57.1 0.491 43.464 0.16645 0.00660
Brazil 1996 85.9 92.3 97.1 98.9 99.6 93.8 0.862 13.700 0.03504 0.00288
Colombia 1995 80.7 90.9 95.6 97.1 98.5 91.5 0.819 17.800 0.03841 0.00382
Colombia 2000 88.0 92.3 93.1 97.3 97.7 93.2 0.901 9.700 0.02246 0.00320
Colombia 2005 91.5 93.9 96.6 97.0 96.6 94.9 0.947 5.098 0.01813 0.00190
Guatemala 1995 35.5 46.3 58.3 70.2 86.2 55.3 0.412 50.700 0.17112 0.00718
Guatemala 1998/99 55.4 62.4 66.2 84.0 87.4 69.2 0.634 32.000 0.09111 0.00782
Haiti 1994/95 35.8 60.0 78.5 84.4 90.1 68.7 0.397 54.300 0.15793 0.00840
Haiti 2000 66.5 79.4 87.2 78.8 77.5 77.7 0.858 11.000 0.05487 0.00570
Nicaragua 1997/98 52.8 71.0 81.2 86.1 89.4 73.8 0.591 36.600 0.11195 0.00504
Nicaragua 2001 55.3 79.5 88.2 91.2 95.2 79.6 0.581 39.900 0.11175 0.00460
Paraguay 1990 78.0 77.7 83.6 84.9 88.9 82.2 0.877 10.900 0.02977 0.00561
Peru 1996 80.7 86.2 90.2 90.2 92.7 87.1 0.871 12.000 0.02718 0.00238
Peru 2000 88.4 95.1 95.7 98.6 97.5 94.3 0.907 9.100 0.02092 0.00171
Egypt 1995 48.6 71.2 88.6 96.4 98.5 78.9 0.493 49.900 0.14435 0.00375
Egypt 2000 66.4 83.8 87.2 90.7 94.8 83.8 0.700 28.400 0.07285 0.00379
Jordan 1997 85.8 85.1 89.7 88.9 90.4 87.9 0.949 4.600 0.02242 0.00519
Morocco 1992 7.6 23.8 50.5 73.8 76.5 42.1 0.099 68.900 0.37219 0.01036
Morocco 2003/04 67.3 82.7 95.6 96.6 97.5 86.7 0.690 30.216 0.07305 0.00410
Yemen 1997 12.5 26.4 40.5 57.4 77.6 41.2 0.161 65.100 0.32203 0.00720
E. SOUTH ASIA 51.1 61.8 67.5 80.4 91.2 68.8 0.561 40.062 0.14576 0.00521
Bangladesh 1996/97 62.3 72.0 79.5 82.5 83.5 75.7 0.746 21.200 0.05644 0.00566
Bangladesh 1999/2000 65.1 79.4 85.0 89.6 84.0 79.8 0.775 18.900 0.04733 0.00535
Bangladesh 2004 76.7 87.4 88.8 92.5 88.4 86.2 0.868 11.646 0.03454 0.00423
India 1992/93 35.0 46.9 63.0 81.6 94.0 61.2 0.372 59.000 0.20394 0.00218
India 1998/99 58.1 72.2 84.1 91.6 97.5 78.2 0.596 39.400 0.11190 0.00174
Nepal 1996 36.8 48.8 51.0 66.4 90.0 56.7 0.409 53.200 0.17812 0.00782
Nepal 2001 54.3 57.1 62.0 74.4 92.8 66.5 0.585 38.500 0.10930 0.00656
Pakistan 1990/91 15.4 30.3 35.1 62.9 86.1 44.3 0.179 70.700 0.32731 0.00832
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SCHOOL PARTICIPATION AMONG GIRLS (Cont.)

Benin 1996 11.0 20.3 25.9 42.9 66.9 33.8 0.164 55.900 0.32378 0.01551
Benin 2001 26.3 31.3 47.8 57.5 68.8 45.8 0.382 42.500 0.20503 0.01164
Burkina Faso 1992/93 8.8 11.3 15.1 21.8 59.4 22.5 0.148 50.631 0.48946 0.01832
Burkina Faso 1998/99 7.3 11.7 13.3 18.9 56.2 20.6 0.130 48.900 0.48447 0.02278
Burkina Faso 2003 10.5 14.6 19.7 20.4 63.3 24.3 0.166 52.820 0.34815 0.01443
Cameroon 1991 30.5 42.5 60.4 75.0 88.8 58.6 0.343 58.300 0.22096 0.01005
Cameroon 1998 42.5 61.6 76.4 85.0 90.3 70.1 0.471 47.800 0.13982 0.00807
Cameroon 2004 54.1 71.1 84.1 90.8 98.1 77.4 0.552 43.978 0.10983 0.00498
Chad 1996/97 8.7 17.2 16.2 24.2 48.6 22.7 0.179 39.900 0.36123 0.01833
Chad 2004 7.1 27.6 26.0 37.4 56.0 29.7 0.126 48.965 0.31345 0.01366
Comoros 1996 20.7 29.8 39.1 57.6 66.8 41.4 0.310 46.100 0.24582 0.01870
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 22.9 30.3 40.7 48.0 70.7 42.0 0.324 47.800 0.22638 0.01142
Eritrea 1995 11.3 16.8 28.2 50.5 87.2 34.4 0.130 75.900 0.45778 0.01451
Ethiopia 2000 8.1 8.7 12.8 19.6 55.0 19.6 0.147 46.900 0.50345 0.01801
Gabon 2000 90.3 89.6 92.9 95.2 97.0 93.1 0.931 6.700 0.01804 0.00322
Ghana 1993 60.7 63.8 70.5 83.2 91.2 73.2 0.666 30.500 0.08336 0.00816
Ghana 1998 49.2 77.9 77.2 86.6 90.4 75.0 0.544 41.200 0.13289 0.00781
Ghana 2003 39.3 50.4 58.1 65.4 76.3 56.5 0.515 37.038 0.13585 0.01065
Guinea 1999 6.6 6.7 13.7 22.9 45.5 18.8 0.145 38.900 0.42450 0.02302
Kenya 1993 50.0 63.5 69.9 75.4 77.9 66.3 0.641 27.927 0.07921 0.00689
Kenya 1998 69.2 82.4 86.7 87.9 90.5 82.5 0.765 21.300 0.04996 0.00533
Kenya 2003 73.1 90.1 93.3 96.8 96.3 89.0 0.760 23.146 0.07425 0.00481
Madagascar 1997 40.5 45.3 58.0 72.6 92.1 59.8 0.440 51.600 0.18242 0.00782
Malawi 1992 36.0 42.2 51.5 61.1 81.7 53.6 0.441 45.700 0.16737 0.01041
Malawi 2000 61.7 70.9 70.4 79.4 89.7 74.0 0.688 28.000 0.07371 0.00447
Mali 1995/96 5.0 10.6 14.8 26.9 55.2 22.0 0.091 50.200 0.45896 0.01659
Mali 2001 17.9 18.0 19.5 29.2 65.6 28.3 0.273 47.700 0.30145 0.01299
Mauritania 2000/01 38.9 49.3 59.8 66.3 76.6 56.7 0.508 37.700 0.13126 0.00917
Mozambique 1997 29.3 31.6 36.6 59.3 78.3 47.0 0.374 49.000 0.22471 0.00982
Mozambique 2003 31.5 38.0 41.1 63.6 84.6 50.1 0.373 53.057 0.20256 0.00680
Namibia 1992 73.8 82.0 85.8 73.9 79.4 79.0 0.929 5.600 0.01125 0.00772
Namibia 2000 76.1 77.9 82.0 85.1 90.3 81.6 0.843 14.200 0.04844 0.00579
Niger 1998 7.0 8.1 8.6 11.9 48.3 16.9 0.145 41.300 0.51796 0.02637
Nigeria 1990 30.2 34.0 45.9 61.3 80.2 49.8 0.377 50.000 0.22793 0.00767
Nigeria 2003 36.0 41.5 59.0 77.2 92.9 58.9 0.388 56.846 0.17578 0.00873
Rwanda 2000 31.5 40.8 34.3 35.4 46.3 37.9 0.680 14.800 0.00236 0.01227
South Africa 1998 85.8 87.9 92.3 93.3 90.7 89.5 0.946 4.900 0.01473 0.00330
Tanzania 1996 16.1 25.0 26.8 35.4 48.7 29.5 0.331 32.600 0.20279 0.01605
Tanzania 1999 27.3 29.1 23.5 47.2 72.6 38.9 0.376 45.300 0.22242 0.01626
Tanzania 2004 46.1 53.8 62.8 79.2 89.3 65.4 0.515 43.289 0.11920 0.00693
Togo 1998 40.1 52.0 68.0 76.0 87.0 63.8 0.461 46.900 0.16092 0.00663
Uganda 1995 47.1 51.8 61.3 69.5 81.9 62.6 0.575 34.800 0.10927 0.00742
Uganda 2000/01 68.8 70.9 80.3 87.5 91.9 80.2 0.749 23.100 0.06168 0.00489
Zambia 1996 31.9 40.0 47.1 57.3 76.4 49.8 0.418 44.500 0.17341 0.01015
Zambia 2001 35.2 42.1 45.9 58.9 77.9 52.8 0.452 42.700 0.16459 0.00964
Zimbabwe 1994 72.3 74.3 80.6 84.6 90.2 79.3 0.802 17.900 0.04320 0.00589
Zimbabwe 1999 76.2 85.5 85.0 82.3 94.1 83.9 0.810 17.900 0.03100 0.00562
G. ALL COUNTRIES 52.2 59.7 65.6 72.7 83.0 65.7 0.629 30.807 0.13924 0.00804
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SCHOOL PARTICIPATION AMONG BOYS

Cambodia 2000 46.6 54.6 63.4 69.7 87.0 63.0 0.536 40.400 0.13553 0.00541
Indonesia 1997 76.6 82.6 88.5 91.8 93.3 85.7 0.821 16.700 0.05321 0.00229
Indonesia 2002/03 78.5 85.4 87.9 90.1 92.5 86.3 0.848 14.060 0.04022 0.00243
Philippines 1998 66.1 80.0 84.6 90.0 93.0 81.0 0.711 26.900 0.07502 0.00434
Philippines 2003 79.3 91.1 94.5 97.0 97.7 90.8 0.812 18.410 0.04501 0.00330
Vietnam 1997 69.7 85.0 85.5 91.7 92.9 84.0 0.750 23.200 0.05942 0.00563
Vietnam 2002 93.0 95.4 98.4 98.8 98.2 96.5 0.947 5.200 0.01721 0.00334
Armenia 2000 82.6 82.3 82.9 82.9 81.8 82.5 1.010 0.800 0.00301 0.00791
Kazakhstan 1995 71.6 76.9 78.7 69.3 70.4 73.6 1.017 1.200 0.00874 0.01146
Kazakhstan 1999 70.8 71.0 74.7 72.6 78.5 73.3 0.902 7.700 0.01148 0.01060
Kyrgyzstan 1997 74.9 79.8 84.2 76.8 76.1 78.3 0.984 1.200 0.00651 0.00952
Turkey 1993 58.9 75.0 75.3 79.1 84.3 73.8 0.699 25.400 0.05533 0.00733
Turkey 1998 58.6 71.0 83.0 83.7 84.2 74.9 0.696 25.600 0.07868 0.00784
Uzbekistan 1996 68.2 65.7 67.2 69.4 68.1 67.6 1.001 0.100 0.00271 0.01124
Bolivia 1998 88.8 94.2 95.7 98.7 99.3 94.6 0.894 10.500 0.02364 0.00237
Bolivia 2003 86.0 82.9 88.0 96.0 97.4 89.3 0.882 11.482 0.02975 0.00194
Brazil 1996 85.3 92.9 97.0 97.9 99.4 93.6 0.858 14.100 0.03563 0.00309
Colombia 1995 79.4 87.9 92.0 97.2 98.9 89.7 0.803 19.500 0.04511 0.00395
Colombia 2000 85.3 91.1 92.4 95.9 95.8 91.7 0.890 10.500 0.02667 0.00378
Colombia 2005 89.4 92.6 92.9 95.5 96.1 93.0 0.930 6.727 0.02171 0.00202
Guatemala 1995 41.2 48.9 62.8 78.3 87.5 60.9 0.471 46.300 0.14696 0.00655
Guatemala 1998/99 65.3 70.8 69.2 87.9 84.4 74.6 0.774 19.100 0.06025 0.00716
Haiti 1994/95 35.9 58.5 75.9 86.7 92.7 67.6 0.387 56.800 0.17041 0.00883
Haiti 2000 63.3 71.5 81.1 73.3 85.5 73.9 0.740 22.200 0.07997 0.00583
Nicaragua 1997/98 47.4 67.1 74.9 80.3 89.4 69.5 0.530 42.000 0.12532 0.00538
Nicaragua 2001 49.5 71.8 82.6 89.2 92.3 74.3 0.536 42.800 0.13300 0.00480
Paraguay 1990 73.8 74.9 77.7 83.8 86.6 78.6 0.852 12.800 0.03456 0.00617
Peru 1996 82.4 85.6 87.7 90.3 90.3 86.6 0.913 7.900 0.01995 0.00231
Peru 2000 90.3 95.6 96.1 97.2 97.6 94.8 0.925 7.300 0.01613 0.00164
Egypt 1995 77.4 87.6 92.7 94.8 97.8 89.1 0.791 20.400 0.05454 0.00270
Egypt 2000 81.4 89.2 86.9 88.8 93.8 87.5 0.868 12.400 0.03080 0.00308
Jordan 1997 84.4 86.6 87.5 89.1 89.5 87.3 0.943 5.100 0.01378 0.00479
Morocco 1992 26.6 45.3 65.3 73.2 78.9 55.2 0.337 52.300 0.20430 0.00881
Morocco 2003/04 82.0 87.2 93.4 97.4 98.4 90.7 0.834 16.323 0.03943 0.00315
Yemen 1997 47.5 60.0 72.4 77.2 83.5 67.1 0.569 36.000 0.10224 0.00476
E. SOUTH ASIA 63.8 74.2 77.9 84.3 92.4 77.3 0.690 28.632 0.07840 0.00417
Bangladesh 1996/97 63.6 69.2 76.4 81.6 90.0 75.2 0.707 26.400 0.07170 0.00547
Bangladesh 1999/2000 61.3 76.7 83.0 87.9 89.6 78.2 0.684 28.300 0.07366 0.00517
Bangladesh 2004 70.6 82.9 85.1 87.7 90.0 82.4 0.785 19.327 0.04450 0.00426
India 1992/93 57.1 66.0 78.0 87.2 95.4 74.9 0.599 38.300 0.10768 0.00171
India 1998/99 70.7 82.5 89.2 94.1 97.6 85.2 0.724 26.900 0.06807 0.00140
Nepal 1996 60.0 71.1 73.0 79.1 91.7 73.9 0.654 31.700 0.07757 0.00564
Nepal 2001 75.0 74.8 75.7 81.9 95.0 79.7 0.789 20.000 0.04343 0.00465
Pakistan 1990/91 38.9 56.5 61.6 73.5 87.2 61.9 0.446 48.300 0.15761 0.00638
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SCHOOL PARTICIPATION AMONG BOYS (Cont.)

Benin 1996 22.0 35.0 50.5 62.3 83.3 49.3 0.264 61.300 0.23845 0.01032
Benin 2001 37.9 46.7 56.6 71.3 89.1 58.0 0.425 51.200 0.16826 0.00843
Burkina Faso 1992/93 17.1 19.0 18.7 32.4 68.1 30.1 0.251 51.044 0.35829 0.01456
Burkina Faso 1998/99 17.2 20.7 25.6 28.7 58.3 28.7 0.295 41.100 0.30117 0.01718
Burkina Faso 2003 21.7 29.7 35.9 43.5 80.5 42.6 0.269 58.875 0.26871 0.00723
Cameroon 1991 45.8 56.9 68.6 77.2 91.0 67.5 0.503 45.200 0.14150 0.00909
Cameroon 1998 48.3 55.6 77.1 88.0 94.3 71.3 0.512 46.000 0.14245 0.00749
Cameroon 2004 73.0 84.9 92.5 97.2 96.7 88.4 0.755 23.731 0.05387 0.00271
Chad 1996/97 20.4 25.3 26.0 40.1 60.7 34.2 0.336 40.300 0.25533 0.01312
Chad 2004 10.3 40.3 31.4 48.6 64.1 38.6 0.161 53.745 0.26248 0.01027
Comoros 1996 31.3 37.5 43.0 56.5 73.0 45.0 0.429 41.700 0.17492 0.01835
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 35.9 42.3 48.0 62.2 82.9 52.5 0.433 47.000 0.17830 0.00946
Eritrea 1995 16.2 20.0 31.6 54.1 87.8 38.4 0.185 71.600 0.38723 0.01327
Ethiopia 2000 13.7 15.4 14.6 23.1 51.5 21.9 0.266 37.800 0.39252 0.01631
Gabon 2000 92.1 90.3 94.2 94.7 96.6 93.4 0.953 4.500 0.00990 0.00311
Ghana 1993 66.2 67.6 70.6 84.2 92.6 75.6 0.715 26.400 0.07127 0.00732
Ghana 1998 52.2 74.5 76.0 85.6 91.6 74.0 0.570 39.400 0.12500 0.00748
Ghana 2003 55.6 68.9 74.9 77.5 87.0 72.1 0.638 31.487 0.09185 0.00590
Guinea 1999 10.7 15.0 17.4 31.5 50.5 24.5 0.212 39.800 0.32016 0.01891
Kenya 1993 54.1 61.0 67.8 77.8 76.7 67.0 0.705 22.604 0.07349 0.00714
Kenya 1998 71.9 79.9 83.9 88.2 91.4 82.2 0.787 19.500 0.05116 0.00514
Kenya 2003 86.0 95.5 97.4 98.3 97.2 94.5 0.884 11.276 0.03669 0.00277
Madagascar 1997 36.0 42.4 56.9 68.5 93.4 57.6 0.385 57.400 0.20793 0.00778
Malawi 1992 32.2 38.8 49.2 57.4 78.3 50.8 0.411 46.100 0.18759 0.01117
Malawi 2000 55.3 65.9 68.2 76.9 88.7 70.7 0.623 33.400 0.08851 0.00498
Mali 1995/96 11.8 14.9 21.7 33.2 62.9 28.0 0.188 51.100 0.34775 0.01402
Mali 2001 28.8 24.2 29.1 39.8 74.1 37.4 0.389 45.300 0.20930 0.01047
Mauritania 2000/01 50.2 54.8 62.1 70.5 80.4 62.0 0.624 30.200 0.10295 0.00808
Mozambique 1997 41.5 40.3 45.2 59.7 78.6 52.5 0.528 37.100 0.17559 0.00901
Mozambique 2003 45.0 44.4 51.0 64.9 83.7 56.1 0.537 38.720 0.13846 0.00636
Namibia 1992 72.6 78.0 73.9 64.7 79.1 73.8 0.918 6.500 0.00181 0.00882
Namibia 2000 72.9 82.3 80.2 80.4 92.7 81.0 0.786 19.800 0.05001 0.00628
Niger 1998 12.5 14.9 18.6 20.5 55.9 23.9 0.224 43.400 0.36984 0.01891
Nigeria 1990 35.1 43.0 52.4 66.6 83.4 55.6 0.421 48.300 0.18326 0.00678
Nigeria 2003 60.9 69.5 80.0 89.6 97.6 79.8 0.624 36.711 0.08521 0.00438
Rwanda 2000 27.8 44.4 32.9 32.3 47.6 37.5 0.584 19.800 0.01338 0.01259
South Africa 1998 79.9 88.5 88.6 93.8 91.9 87.6 0.869 12.000 0.02470 0.00363
Tanzania 1996 15.4 21.5 21.3 25.5 44.9 25.0 0.343 29.500 0.21053 0.01828
Tanzania 1999 16.5 20.2 23.1 36.9 66.7 31.4 0.247 50.200 0.29175 0.02033
Tanzania 2004 41.8 44.8 60.4 72.1 83.7 59.3 0.500 41.895 0.12294 0.00758
Togo 1998 53.8 65.0 77.1 82.7 93.4 72.4 0.576 39.600 0.11593 0.00525
Uganda 1995 53.5 58.2 64.6 68.3 81.4 64.8 0.657 27.900 0.09110 0.00758
Uganda 2000/01 67.3 72.7 78.0 82.2 92.0 78.3 0.732 24.700 0.06341 0.00508
Zambia 1996 33.1 37.5 43.0 52.8 77.3 48.3 0.428 44.200 0.17476 0.01049
Zambia 2001 34.0 43.7 43.2 54.4 82.5 51.4 0.412 48.500 0.16546 0.00977
Zimbabwe 1994 74.7 74.8 82.1 83.0 89.8 80.1 0.832 15.100 0.03767 0.00565
Zimbabwe 1999 77.4 80.0 80.9 84.4 94.2 82.3 0.822 16.800 0.02755 0.00549
G. ALL COUNTRIES 58.6 65.4 69.8 75.5 85.3 70.0 0.687 26.651 0.10276 0.00689
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NEWSPAPER READERSHIP AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 3.2 3.8 5.7 9.6 34.3 12.2 0.093 31.100 0.48365 0.01453
Indonesia 1997 7.9 12.8 17.1 30.2 58.8 25.1 0.134 50.900 0.40173 0.00538
Indonesia 2002/03 3.5 6.6 9.4 16.2 40.4 15.2 0.086 36.943 0.53053 0.00836
Philippines 1998 32.0 51.8 63.9 71.3 81.4 63.0 0.393 49.400 0.15768 0.00359
Philippines 2003 13.9 28.2 41.6 53.0 66.9 43.7 0.208 52.918 0.24801 0.00485
Vietnam 1997 9.1 17.8 25.1 35.3 66.3 31.1 0.137 57.200 0.37257 0.00975
Vietnam 2002 9.4 16.1 22.3 32.1 66.5 29.7 0.141 57.100 0.37183 0.01071
Armenia 2000 11.3 20.9 30.4 32.8 44.3 29.0 0.255 33.000 0.21941 0.01072
Kazakhstan 1995 67.7 73.2 73.2 83.5 86.2 78.0 0.785 18.500 0.05417 0.00460
Kazakhstan 1999 36.8 49.3 54.2 71.1 83.4 61.9 0.441 46.600 0.16334 0.00599
Kyrgyzstan 1997 51.9 63.4 63.0 76.4 83.8 68.7 0.619 31.900 0.11543 0.00587
Turkey 1993 12.0 23.0 35.8 56.3 82.9 45.0 0.145 70.900 0.32970 0.00601
Turkey 1998 7.1 12.7 25.5 37.4 68.3 32.4 0.104 61.200 0.37206 0.00810
Uzbekistan 1996 40.0 50.2 53.5 62.9 77.0 57.2 0.519 37.000 0.12519 0.00701
Bolivia 1998 10.5 30.3 52.1 72.1 85.0 55.1 0.124 74.500 0.27530 0.00370
Bolivia 2003 6.4 20.8 38.7 53.6 71.5 42.4 0.090 65.115 0.30389 0.00416
Brazil 1996 24.2 44.7 58.4 68.4 77.2 56.6 0.313 53.000 0.19129 0.00405
Colombia 1995 40.6 60.4 69.8 75.6 82.0 68.1 0.495 41.400 0.10979 0.00371
Guatemala 1995 13.4 20.5 37.2 59.6 75.9 44.7 0.177 62.500 0.30684 0.00509
Guatemala 1998/99 12.2 24.2 40.8 63.6 82.0 48.4 0.149 69.800 0.30110 0.00654
Haiti 1994/95 5.6 10.7 21.6 30.8 52.2 26.9 0.107 46.600 0.35868 0.01221
Haiti 2000 11.0 14.5 18.1 29.7 44.6 26.2 0.247 33.600 0.32002 0.00973
Nicaragua 1997/98 20.4 36.7 50.2 63.2 75.2 52.1 0.271 54.800 0.21353 0.00414
Nicaragua 2001 10.6 25.4 41.6 52.2 68.2 43.0 0.155 57.600 0.27614 0.00504
Paraguay 1990 41.9 54.0 71.0 80.1 88.9 70.0 0.471 47.000 0.14179 0.00454
Peru 1996 22.7 52.7 75.0 84.1 89.9 68.6 0.253 67.200 0.19436 0.00200
Peru 2000 2.8 11.1 22.9 32.8 47.7 26.0 0.059 44.900 0.33988 0.00547
Egypt 1995 1.5 6.0 14.4 30.6 62.8 24.6 0.024 61.300 0.50438 0.00725
Egypt 2000 3.2 7.2 15.1 31.9 61.5 25.3 0.052 58.300 0.47915 0.00696
Jordan 1997 19.0 32.6 39.8 51.0 67.9 42.5 0.280 48.900 0.30770 0.02105
Morocco 1992 1.4 3.9 12.7 29.9 53.0 22.4 0.026 51.600 0.48926 0.01024
Morocco 2003/04 1.4 5.4 12.7 21.8 35.5 16.3 0.041 34.059 0.38258 0.00950
Yemen 1997 1.3 3.1 4.9 12.2 29.4 10.2 0.044 28.100 0.60690 0.01885
E. SOUTH ASIA 1.0 2.2 5.6 12.9 39.3 12.2 0.026 38.307 0.67394 0.01956
Bangladesh 1996/97 0.8 1.9 3.4 7.0 30.6 8.6 0.026 29.800 0.67350 0.02572
Bangladesh 1999/2000 0.4 0.9 3.4 8.5 31.1 8.8 0.013 30.700 0.76801 0.02278
Bangladesh 2004 0.3 1.1 2.9 6.5 23.4 6.8 0.011 23.128 0.73409 0.02580
India 1998/99 1.7 4.5 11.5 24.9 60.9 20.8 0.028 59.200 0.59242 0.00365
Nepal 1996 0.7 0.6 1.5 3.4 21.7 5.3 0.032 21.000 0.74769 0.03736
Nepal 2001 1.4 1.4 3.5 5.2 25.3 7.2 0.055 23.900 0.64356 0.02836
Pakistan 1990/91 0.7 2.0 4.4 15.2 47.7 13.9 0.015 47.000 0.72570 0.02043
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NEWSPAPER READERSHIP AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 0.3 1.3 2.7 8.9 25.4 8.4 0.012 25.100 0.58745 0.03140
Benin 2001 0.3 0.9 2.3 5.2 14.3 5.3 0.021 14.000 0.54977 0.03612
Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.7 1.2 1.0 3.7 26.7 7.5 0.025 25.990 0.93887 0.03187
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.8 14.0 3.3 0.007 13.900 1.06655 0.06055
Burkina Faso 2003 0.5 0.5 0.8 2.5 20.5 5.7 0.027 19.907 0.67362 0.02846
Cameroon 1998 1.8 3.2 7.2 15.8 34.6 13.4 0.052 32.800 0.59783 0.02101
Cameroon 2004 1.5 3.9 6.9 14.0 30.6 12.7 0.048 29.173 0.49267 0.01614
Chad 1996/97 0.4 0.8 1.6 3.6 18.4 4.7 0.022 18.000 0.86929 0.04016
Chad 2004 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.4 13.8 3.2 0.015 13.567 1.04987 0.05560
Comoros 1996 4.6 10.0 14.2 21.0 35.3 18.0 0.130 30.700 0.35785 0.02234
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 3.9 7.0 10.2 19.2 43.5 18.0 0.090 39.600 0.44642 0.01461
Eritrea 1995 1.7 3.8 3.3 21.4 56.7 20.2 0.030 55.000 0.63529 0.01488
Ethiopia 2000 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 6.0 1.7 0.033 5.800 1.05434 0.05315
Gabon 2000 13.3 24.2 37.7 42.4 53.9 36.2 0.247 40.571 0.21562 0.00887
Ghana 1993 3.6 4.0 7.3 15.4 36.5 14.8 0.099 32.900 0.47841 0.02269
Ghana 1998 1.9 8.5 10.6 19.8 46.7 19.1 0.041 44.800 0.45974 0.01655
Ghana 2003 1.4 1.9 4.3 10.1 34.5 12.4 0.039 33.094 0.55534 0.02142
Guinea 1999 0.1 0.5 1.0 4.7 19.8 5.7 0.005 19.700 0.73998 0.03775
Kenya 1993 15.9 20.3 23.5 31.0 57.7 31.4 0.276 41.802 0.25843 0.00988
Kenya 1998 17.1 23.4 28.8 41.5 65.0 36.9 0.263 47.900 0.25426 0.00851
Kenya 2003 5.8 8.2 12.1 25.8 48.0 22.6 0.120 42.226 0.44475 0.01079
Madagascar 1997 12.6 14.9 21.6 29.0 49.6 26.5 0.254 37.000 0.34050 0.01110
Malawi 1992 6.1 11.1 12.8 19.4 43.4 18.5 0.141 37.300 0.47938 0.01836
Malawi 2000 3.2 5.6 5.0 8.1 26.4 9.8 0.121 23.200 0.50820 0.01912
Mali 1995/96 0.5 0.9 1.3 4.9 21.7 6.5 0.023 21.200 0.68864 0.02980
Mali 2001 0.4 0.5 0.9 3.1 20.0 5.6 0.020 19.600 0.70015 0.02792
Mauritania 2000/01 2.3 2.7 6.4 12.9 26.0 10.7 0.088 23.700 0.46164 0.02015
Mozambique 1997 1.2 1.5 3.6 10.3 35.9 10.9 0.033 34.700 0.76541 0.02273
Mozambique 2003 0.0 0.2 0.5 2.4 14.5 3.9 0.003 14.458 0.82128 0.03634
Namibia 1992 35.9 39.1 44.8 50.7 84.0 53.7 0.427 48.100 0.18013 0.00655
Namibia 2000 11.4 22.9 28.9 41.2 69.1 37.5 0.165 57.700 0.30991 0.00778
Niger 1998 0.4 1.2 1.2 2.4 20.4 5.3 0.020 20.000 0.86488 0.03927
Nigeria 2003 1.0 3.2 5.2 13.5 33.2 12.1 0.031 32.212 0.52618 0.01959
Rwanda 2000 1.8 1.6 2.7 3.0 16.0 5.4 0.113 14.200 0.66258 0.02973
South Africa 1998 10.5 22.5 33.2 53.4 78.9 41.8 0.133 68.400 0.33355 0.00484
Tanzania 1996 1.3 2.8 4.8 8.4 41.0 13.1 0.032 39.700 0.62013 0.01955
Tanzania 1999 1.2 1.2 1.1 3.5 15.7 5.2 0.076 14.500 0.65892 0.04696
Tanzania 2004 4.9 7.6 11.5 23.0 46.1 20.5 0.107 41.127 0.38062 0.01106
Togo 1998 5.3 5.7 14.3 25.1 43.0 21.0 0.123 37.700 0.40963 0.01206
Uganda 1995 6.1 9.7 13.0 17.4 47.7 19.3 0.128 41.600 0.48659 0.01412
Uganda 2000/01 2.3 3.4 7.2 12.9 41.6 14.7 0.055 39.300 0.61830 0.01759
Zambia 1996 7.4 11.1 13.8 27.2 55.5 24.6 0.133 48.100 0.38975 0.01191
Zambia 2001 1.3 1.5 3.4 11.7 30.3 10.6 0.043 29.000 0.57188 0.02367
Zimbabwe 1994 26.6 29.3 43.9 56.8 78.2 49.8 0.340 51.600 0.22077 0.00681
Zimbabwe 1999 3.2 9.5 11.9 34.2 61.1 27.2 0.052 57.900 0.45725 0.01165
G. ALL COUNTRIES 8.4 13.5 19.0 27.7 46.4 24.4 0.181 37.983 0.46810 0.01670
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NEWSPAPER READERSHIP AMONG MEN

Indonesia 2002/03 7.1 13.9 25.2 36.2 63.5 29.1 0.112 56.329 0.40257 0.00826
Philippines 2003 19.4 35.5 52.1 57.7 67.9 47.2 0.286 48.459 0.21736 0.00793

Armenia 2000 11.7 20.5 26.6 39.2 42.7 29.0 0.274 31.000 0.22530 0.01969
Kazakhstan 1999 27.3 42.3 44.8 62.7 69.1 51.4 0.395 41.800 0.21560 0.01434
Turkey 1998 24.6 42.1 61.0 73.5 86.5 60.6 0.284 61.900 0.20295 0.00907

Bolivia 1998 27.0 54.6 73.2 83.8 91.8 69.7 0.294 64.800 0.19583 0.00534
Bolivia 2003 11.6 32.1 56.9 67.4 83.4 53.0 0.140 71.790 0.26501 0.00557
Brazil 1996 20.1 41.6 56.0 69.9 81.4 55.4 0.247 61.300 0.23370 0.00822
Haiti 1994/95 15.9 21.6 40.8 59.9 77.5 43.4 0.205 61.600 0.30650 0.01418
Haiti 2000 10.9 20.3 19.5 41.6 54.9 29.9 0.199 44.000 0.28300 0.01459
Nicaragua 1997/98 24.5 40.3 59.6 72.6 79.3 57.4 0.309 54.800 0.19731 0.00835
Peru 1996 45.3 69.2 86.2 91.8 95.6 81.5 0.474 50.300 0.11476 0.00575

Bangladesh 1996/97 7.1 10.7 13.8 30.0 65.2 25.1 0.109 58.100 0.47490 0.01702
Bangladesh 1999/2000 5.0 6.6 19.0 33.1 63.7 25.8 0.078 58.700 0.49941 0.01710
Bangladesh 2004 9.0 15.7 30.4 39.2 65.7 33.7 0.136 56.716 0.37477 0.00972
Nepal 2001 7.5 13.0 18.5 24.7 61.7 25.8 0.122 54.200 0.41445 0.01990
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NEWSPAPER READERSHIP AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 4.7 11.8 13.0 28.7 52.9 23.4 0.089 48.200 0.41998 0.02657
Benin 2001 1.9 2.6 5.4 13.8 29.8 11.8 0.064 27.900 0.53231 0.03240
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.7 29.0 8.6 0.024 28.300 0.92500 0.05057
Burkina Faso 2003 0.5 2.3 3.3 7.0 31.3 10.8 0.015 30.839 0.59685 0.03275
Cameroon 1998 6.2 16.1 24.3 40.8 56.7 32.0 0.109 50.500 0.34089 0.01463
Cameroon 2004 10.0 14.0 18.8 28.3 48.4 27.0 0.207 38.430 0.30625 0.01310
Chad 1996/97 2.0 5.5 10.4 17.0 48.0 19.1 0.042 46.000 0.56958 0.02468
Chad 2004 0.0 3.1 8.3 12.0 33.5 13.3 - 33.536 0.67208 0.03284
Comoros 1996 16.7 23.4 32.3 30.3 52.3 33.1 0.319 35.600 0.23047 0.02905
Eritrea 1995 7.5 12.5 20.6 50.0 83.7 39.3 0.090 76.200 0.43582 0.01444
Ethiopia 2000 1.6 3.3 2.7 4.6 17.3 6.0 0.092 15.700 0.82749 0.05944
Gabon 2000 33.9 47.7 52.8 65.6 73.0 56.3 0.464 39.100 0.14139 0.01090
Ghana 1993 13.1 22.8 24.1 46.6 74.7 37.9 0.175 61.600 0.33886 0.01735
Ghana 1998 11.6 27.2 36.4 46.0 69.5 41.0 0.167 57.900 0.28038 0.01460
Ghana 2003 4.4 8.9 16.0 37.1 63.0 28.5 0.070 58.540 0.43818 0.01072
Guinea 1999 4.0 3.7 7.9 14.0 36.3 14.9 0.110 32.300 0.48123 0.03403
Kenya 1993 27.3 42.4 57.2 68.1 81.5 59.1 0.335 54.222 0.19088 0.00887
Kenya 1998 30.3 45.5 53.4 67.8 85.6 60.6 0.354 55.300 0.17190 0.00737
Kenya 2003 19.6 27.8 32.8 50.3 71.7 44.5 0.274 52.109 0.26911 0.00907
Malawi 1992 22.7 24.9 27.2 46.9 64.4 40.6 0.352 41.700 0.26909 0.01850
Malawi 2000 10.2 11.4 14.2 19.9 47.2 21.5 0.216 37.000 0.33691 0.02154
Mali 1995/96 3.1 4.5 6.6 14.0 44.1 15.8 0.070 41.000 0.54925 0.03056
Mali 2001 1.6 3.2 4.6 7.8 38.2 13.3 0.042 36.600 0.63766 0.03248
Mauritania 2000/01 4.2 3.0 10.7 15.6 34.3 16.5 0.122 30.100 0.44050 0.02832
Mozambique 1997 1.7 3.4 9.9 32.9 55.4 22.3 0.031 53.700 0.60149 0.02095
Mozambique 2003 1.6 2.9 3.4 10.5 32.4 11.5 0.049 30.771 0.63153 0.03504
Namibia 2000 16.5 28.7 36.3 49.0 82.1 46.6 0.201 65.600 0.25476 0.00966
Niger 1998 3.4 3.5 6.4 11.0 44.5 15.9 0.076 41.100 0.61852 0.02382
Nigeria 2003 9.0 13.1 21.1 31.3 55.9 28.0 0.161 46.916 0.35884 0.01798
Rwanda 2000 1.8 6.7 6.1 3.1 34.7 11.7 0.052 32.900 0.65135 0.07527
Tanzania 1996 5.8 12.9 16.2 19.0 64.8 26.1 0.090 59.000 0.45952 0.01873
Tanzania 1999 4.6 5.5 4.7 10.4 35.7 13.6 0.129 31.100 0.46636 0.02603
Tanzania 2004 20.0 20.9 24.8 37.2 69.3 36.0 0.289 49.248 0.24526 0.01475
Togo 1998 19.5 29.6 40.2 55.9 72.8 46.1 0.268 53.300 0.25244 0.00891
Uganda 1995 21.2 21.4 25.5 30.9 63.7 33.8 0.333 42.500 0.31215 0.01742
Uganda 2000/01 * * * * * * - - na na
Zambia 1996 22.1 21.8 31.7 55.4 75.1 44.6 0.294 53.000 0.25823 0.01403
Zambia 2001 2.5 3.8 7.3 26.9 60.4 23.5 0.041 57.900 0.51765 0.02264
Zimbabwe 1994 29.8 42.4 43.4 66.2 87.3 59.7 0.341 57.500 0.19767 0.00896
Zimbabwe 1999 10.6 12.9 18.8 57.8 83.2 42.9 0.127 72.600 0.37326 0.01055
G. ALL COUNTRIES 10.8 17.7 24.7 36.0 57.3 31.2 0.189 46.444 0.37656 0.01924
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RADIO LISTENERSHIP AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 28.2 36.4 45.8 53.1 64.0 46.1 0.441 35.800 0.16748 0.00503
Indonesia 1997 38.5 50.8 51.5 51.6 55.0 49.5 0.700 16.500 0.08661 0.00338
Indonesia 2002/03 31.4 38.0 37.6 39.8 44.0 38.1 0.714 12.588 0.07413 0.00408
Philippines 1998 67.0 79.0 81.4 82.2 83.9 79.6 0.799 16.900 0.04202 0.00291
Philippines 2003 59.4 75.8 78.1 82.7 86.6 77.9 0.686 27.190 0.06451 0.00277
Vietnam 1997 37.4 62.0 67.4 72.9 78.4 63.8 0.477 41.000 0.13193 0.00552
Vietnam 2002 41.1 54.6 57.4 56.1 59.4 53.9 0.692 18.300 0.05411 0.00731
Armenia 2000 12.6 21.3 32.0 38.2 51.0 32.3 0.247 38.400 0.23919 0.01057
Kazakhstan 1995 18.6 35.2 35.4 42.0 57.5 39.9 0.323 38.900 0.19747 0.01106
Kazakhstan 1999 9.4 20.6 35.3 41.5 55.7 35.4 0.168 46.360 0.27721 0.01004
Kyrgyzstan 1997 31.5 46.3 56.3 62.1 59.5 51.9 0.529 28.000 0.12089 0.00930
Turkey 1993 57.6 66.7 74.1 80.3 89.5 75.0 0.644 31.900 0.08361 0.00405
Uzbekistan 1996 41.6 53.8 53.4 63.5 66.6 56.1 0.625 25.000 0.09143 0.00789
Bolivia 1998 49.0 68.1 79.4 86.9 82.8 75.5 0.592 33.800 0.09446 0.00344
Bolivia 2003 62.0 82.5 85.6 89.7 91.0 83.8 0.681 29.016 0.06055 0.00211
Colombia 1995 69.3 79.4 81.2 86.0 85.3 81.2 0.812 16.000 0.03854 0.00290
Guatemala 1995 43.0 65.3 77.0 83.3 83.5 72.3 0.515 40.500 0.12403 0.00380
Guatemala 1998/99 51.4 62.0 75.1 73.4 76.9 69.0 0.668 25.500 0.08433 0.00539
Haiti 1994/95 15.7 38.3 54.1 77.0 91.3 59.8 0.172 75.600 0.24018 0.00586
Haiti 2000 31.2 37.9 52.8 74.7 89.9 61.9 0.347 58.700 0.22044 0.00385
Nicaragua 1997/98 53.9 70.9 80.6 83.8 83.9 76.2 0.642 30.000 0.07415 0.00313
Nicaragua 2001 72.2 80.0 85.5 88.6 90.3 84.4 0.800 18.100 0.04120 0.00238
Paraguay 1990 68.4 80.7 82.2 81.8 81.2 79.3 0.842 12.800 0.02576 0.00428
Peru 1996 55.9 73.4 80.2 82.5 81.9 76.2 0.683 26.000 0.07310 0.00207
Peru 2000 42.2 60.8 69.5 71.5 73.4 65.3 0.575 31.200 0.11202 0.00269
Egypt 1995 40.0 55.1 64.8 74.6 81.4 64.0 0.491 41.400 0.14429 0.00339
Egypt 2000 48.2 66.6 73.7 81.0 84.1 71.7 0.573 35.900 0.10133 0.00298
Jordan 1997 50.7 48.0 59.5 64.7 65.9 58.0 0.769 15.200 0.17528 0.00875
Morocco 1992 51.4 68.4 76.4 82.3 93.0 75.9 0.553 41.600 0.09982 0.00375
Morocco 2003/04 41.1 43.8 48.7 53.9 58.8 49.8 0.700 17.653 0.06825 0.00441
Yemen 1997 13.1 25.4 31.9 37.9 48.1 31.2 0.272 35.000 0.21134 0.00811
E. SOUTH ASIA 12.5 28.0 33.1 44.3 52.1 33.9 0.241 39.573 0.24612 0.00702
Bangladesh 1999/2000 9.2 17.9 32.4 42.0 43.5 28.8 0.211 34.300 0.25228 0.00813
Bangladesh 2004 16.2 28.5 37.4 44.7 39.9 33.4 0.406 23.693 0.13984 0.00728
India 1992/93 15.5 27.5 40.4 56.5 75.5 43.5 0.205 60.000 0.29497 0.00194
India 1998/99 14.3 26.9 38.5 45.9 56.4 36.5 0.254 42.100 0.24796 0.00236
Nepal 1996 15.9 26.6 35.5 43.7 62.8 36.4 0.253 46.900 0.24869 0.00788
Nepal 2001 14.2 38.4 34.1 49.3 60.1 38.6 0.236 45.900 0.22197 0.00724
Pakistan 1990/91 5.5 18.0 22.6 37.2 52.1 27.1 0.106 46.600 0.37473 0.01119
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RADIO LISTENERSHIP AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 5.3 8.3 10.3 14.8 25.8 13.4 0.205 20.500 0.30083 0.02118
Benin 2001 46.9 58.0 64.3 67.5 73.2 62.9 0.641 26.300 0.07627 0.00610
Burkina Faso 1992/93 17.0 35.0 32.3 42.1 74.5 42.1 0.228 57.459 0.29565 0.00688
Burkina Faso 1998/99 27.2 47.5 57.6 53.3 74.7 52.2 0.364 47.500 0.17152 0.00638
Burkina Faso 2003 21.6 48.8 47.0 56.2 75.0 51.0 0.289 53.321 0.19347 0.00456
Cameroon 1998 16.0 35.3 49.2 64.2 82.5 50.5 0.194 66.500 0.27016 0.00664
Cameroon 2004 12.0 27.2 40.0 59.4 78.5 46.1 0.153 66.486 0.28974 0.00514
Chad 1996/97 3.5 5.8 20.2 27.2 63.8 22.9 0.055 60.300 0.56581 0.01116
Chad 2004 4.0 10.9 10.7 22.1 64.1 22.4 0.062 60.187 0.60876 0.01145
Comoros 1996 22.2 44.4 55.3 65.2 77.2 54.4 0.288 55.000 0.19918 0.00899
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 14.9 24.3 32.8 50.4 67.5 39.6 0.221 52.600 0.27740 0.00731
Eritrea 1995 14.6 24.2 46.1 74.1 89.5 52.6 0.163 74.900 0.32379 0.00594
Ethiopia 2000 2.4 3.1 5.1 7.4 32.3 11.2 0.074 29.900 0.71531 0.01515
Gabon 2000 64.4 65.5 71.1 71.9 71.9 69.9 0.895 7.521 0.01501 0.00559
Ghana 1993 28.8 33.4 54.9 59.4 72.3 51.8 0.398 43.500 0.17320 0.00765
Ghana 2003 51.3 69.0 74.2 79.4 88.1 74.1 0.582 36.819 0.10601 0.00428
Guinea 1999 12.5 19.7 17.4 31.7 46.2 26.0 0.271 33.680 0.28087 0.01160
Kenya 1993 30.8 54.4 68.7 73.8 86.5 64.7 0.356 55.744 0.16053 0.00462
Kenya 1998 30.6 44.2 60.9 68.4 79.5 58.2 0.385 48.900 0.17091 0.00581
Kenya 2003 44.4 71.6 77.4 85.3 87.5 75.2 0.507 43.133 0.11425 0.00385
Madagascar 1997 6.4 25.2 28.8 48.5 81.0 39.6 0.079 74.600 0.39660 0.00636
Malawi 1992 24.8 31.2 46.7 74.9 81.7 52.3 0.304 56.900 0.26446 0.00657
Malawi 2000 17.6 50.4 50.0 68.5 77.7 52.3 0.227 60.100 0.23859 0.00420
Mali 1995/96 29.1 50.6 59.0 70.2 85.3 59.8 0.341 56.200 0.17991 0.00447
Mali 2001 49.7 54.1 51.1 64.8 82.7 61.5 0.601 33.000 0.10986 0.00404
Mauritania 2000/01 6.7 13.2 20.9 26.1 34.0 21.0 0.197 27.300 0.27109 0.01257
Mozambique 1997 2.7 10.0 25.6 36.4 61.0 27.1 0.044 58.300 0.49016 0.00944
Mozambique 2003 20.9 32.2 49.4 57.1 71.4 46.4 0.292 50.533 0.22833 0.00522
Namibia 1992 42.9 90.1 83.4 83.2 95.1 80.8 0.451 52.200 0.08651 0.00404
Namibia 2000 42.3 66.0 75.0 81.0 89.0 72.7 0.475 46.700 0.12005 0.00447
Niger 1998 30.0 42.5 54.7 59.9 79.0 53.5 0.380 49.000 0.17558 0.00563
Nigeria 1990 22.2 38.6 49.0 69.2 86.1 53.3 0.258 63.900 0.26039 0.00470
Nigeria 2003 33.6 45.1 57.7 70.9 83.5 59.3 0.403 49.851 0.17481 0.00506
Rwanda 2000 11.2 9.2 31.6 57.9 71.5 39.0 0.157 60.300 0.36411 0.00560
Senegal 1997 43.6 60.7 74.0 78.6 89.5 71.3 0.487 45.900 0.13052 0.00425
South Africa 1998 52.0 66.0 74.0 79.2 82.1 71.8 0.633 30.100 0.08001 0.00353
Tanzania 1996 3.4 5.5 23.3 50.5 68.7 32.6 0.049 65.300 0.46237 0.00786
Tanzania 1999 4.8 17.6 13.8 40.7 51.5 27.5 0.093 46.700 0.33340 0.01392
Tanzania 2004 26.3 56.0 60.1 74.7 84.5 62.3 0.312 58.146 0.18315 0.00403
Togo 1998 2.5 4.0 6.0 10.6 25.3 11.1 0.099 22.800 0.42442 0.01893
Uganda 1995 6.0 15.6 30.8 46.9 65.5 33.4 0.092 59.500 0.36986 0.00827
Uganda 2000/01 18.7 34.0 50.5 64.7 86.5 52.6 0.216 67.800 0.26051 0.00557
Zambia 1996 19.1 43.4 55.1 71.9 89.4 56.9 0.214 70.300 0.26301 0.00458
Zambia 2001 9.2 22.3 38.2 56.8 80.0 43.5 0.115 70.800 0.34168 0.00634
Zimbabwe 1994 8.3 24.9 28.4 52.7 82.8 43.1 0.100 74.500 0.35140 0.00701
Zimbabwe 1999 20.5 32.5 43.6 63.7 86.8 53.0 0.236 66.300 0.25589 0.00618
G. ALL COUNTRIES 30.6 43.2 50.6 59.8 70.3 52.1 0.435 39.719 0.19906 0.00632
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RADIO LISTENERSHIP AMONG MEN

Indonesia 2002/03 36.7 44.1 48.7 44.7 54.0 45.6 0.679 17.338 0.07988 0.00652
Philippines 2003 70.5 80.7 84.7 85.7 87.5 82.1 0.806 17.004 0.04410 0.00425

Armenia 2000 14.3 26.2 37.9 44.3 54.2 36.6 0.264 39.900 0.21262 0.01715
Kazakhstan 1999 6.6 18.7 32.5 35.3 51.3 30.7 0.129 44.700 0.29210 0.02056

Bolivia 1998 67.5 83.5 86.7 89.9 87.3 84.1 0.773 19.800 0.04780 0.00483
Bolivia 2003 78.0 91.4 92.5 94.1 90.9 89.9 0.858 12.907 0.02847 0.00294
Brazil 1996 63.5 66.5 71.2 69.7 69.4 68.2 0.915 5.900 0.01985 0.00792
Haiti 1994/95 29.0 47.0 71.9 86.7 97.4 67.3 0.298 68.400 0.20823 0.00807
Haiti 2000 42.2 50.5 66.9 86.3 91.2 67.6 0.463 49.000 0.16655 0.00644
Nicaragua 1997/98 76.1 84.7 88.5 89.5 93.2 87.0 0.817 17.100 0.03817 0.00458
Peru 1996 73.4 80.1 87.5 88.4 83.5 83.6 0.879 10.100 0.03473 0.00546

Bangladesh 1999/2000 38.3 44.1 57.6 66.6 55.4 52.5 0.691 17.100 0.07028 0.01083
Bangladesh 2004 43.9 48.0 55.3 57.4 52.5 51.7 0.837 8.562 0.02424 0.00848
Nepal 2001 29.3 58.9 52.2 60.6 68.8 54.7 0.426 39.500 0.13000 0.01064
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RADIO LISTENERSHIP AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 27.8 30.0 36.3 54.2 60.3 42.3 0.461 32.500 0.19112 0.01691
Benin 2001 75.4 87.3 85.4 87.9 85.8 84.1 0.879 10.400 0.02693 0.00540
Burkina Faso 1998/99 43.7 66.2 73.1 74.0 89.0 71.5 0.491 45.300 0.11582 0.00668
Burkina Faso 2003 37.9 68.7 72.2 76.7 89.9 71.6 0.421 52.017 0.12349 0.00569
Cameroon 1998 38.4 64.4 79.3 84.9 92.1 74.8 0.417 53.700 0.12339 0.00660
Cameroon 2004 41.3 66.1 73.7 82.2 90.1 74.3 0.458 48.857 0.10954 0.00468
Chad 1996/97 7.6 9.0 37.3 43.4 79.8 38.8 0.095 72.200 0.42628 0.01114
Chad 2004 16.5 44.5 53.1 67.2 81.6 55.8 0.201 65.193 0.23826 0.00868
Comoros 1996 34.1 56.7 63.2 77.9 85.6 65.8 0.398 51.500 0.15416 0.01348
Eritrea 1995 39.1 46.2 63.6 86.8 96.4 69.9 0.406 57.300 0.17928 0.01018
Ethiopia 2000 8.3 12.3 17.1 20.7 58.4 23.8 0.142 50.100 0.47780 0.01915
Gabon 2000 64.8 75.9 85.6 84.4 85.7 80.4 0.756 20.900 0.05150 0.00673
Ghana 1993 55.3 59.5 80.1 86.4 90.9 75.4 0.608 35.600 0.10842 0.00886
Ghana 2003 73.8 89.3 91.7 92.3 96.4 89.4 0.766 22.603 0.05272 0.00326
Guinea 1999 74.1 77.5 86.3 89.8 95.9 85.7 0.773 21.800 0.05474 0.00524
Kenya 1998 61.8 75.1 84.6 85.0 89.5 81.0 0.691 27.700 0.06244 0.00521
Kenya 2003 71.8 89.5 92.2 94.9 95.5 90.1 0.752 23.655 0.04509 0.00378
Malawi 1992 50.5 58.4 66.8 86.7 91.8 74.5 0.550 41.300 0.12351 0.00924
Malawi 2000 37.7 75.2 74.5 75.8 84.7 69.7 0.445 47.000 0.12705 0.00669
Mali 1995/96 59.0 76.8 83.1 90.3 93.9 81.3 0.628 34.900 0.08534 0.00588
Mali 2001 76.3 76.5 80.7 85.6 90.7 82.6 0.841 14.400 0.04290 0.00467
Mauritania 2000/01 17.6 32.3 42.9 40.1 50.0 38.8 0.352 32.400 0.16268 0.01498
Mozambique 1997 3.7 19.8 35.9 55.4 74.6 39.9 0.050 70.900 0.34633 0.01153
Mozambique 2003 58.2 62.6 79.0 84.3 89.2 75.0 0.652 31.001 0.09956 0.00655
Namibia 2000 55.4 72.6 84.0 89.6 93.2 82.0 0.594 37.800 0.06960 0.00543
Niger 1998 73.7 75.0 79.5 79.4 91.5 80.7 0.805 17.800 0.04221 0.00426
Nigeria 2003 74.4 84.5 86.5 88.4 93.9 86.1 0.793 19.456 0.03627 0.00539
Rwanda 2000 41.1 37.8 59.2 75.1 87.7 64.3 0.469 46.600 0.15826 0.01512
Tanzania 1996 16.2 20.8 47.0 71.0 85.5 52.2 0.189 69.300 0.29733 0.00924
Tanzania 1999 18.5 39.4 33.2 59.4 65.5 45.2 0.282 47.000 0.17221 0.00968
Tanzania 2004 56.1 78.3 80.5 89.8 90.8 79.8 0.619 34.623 0.07570 0.00609
Togo 1998 18.1 21.6 29.7 37.4 55.3 34.2 0.327 37.200 0.23494 0.01284
Uganda 1995 6.2 25.0 37.1 60.3 75.5 42.2 0.082 69.300 0.34369 0.01138
Uganda 2000/01 * * * * * * - - na na
Zambia 1996 46.3 60.4 68.6 88.3 95.9 74.6 0.483 49.600 0.14036 0.00728
Zambia 2001 29.1 49.1 64.0 76.0 90.6 64.6 0.321 61.500 0.19513 0.00788
Zimbabwe 1994 17.4 36.2 41.4 55.6 77.2 51.2 0.225 59.800 0.22616 0.01114
Zimbabwe 1999 45.8 54.3 68.6 80.1 92.5 72.0 0.495 46.700 0.13559 0.00657
G. ALL COUNTRIES 48.4 61.1 68.6 74.3 81.6 68.1 0.593 33.211 0.13405 0.00839
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TELEVISION VIEWERSHIP AMONG WOMEN

Cambodia 2000 31.4 37.8 52.5 67.2 86.8 56.3 0.362 55.400 0.21658 0.00362
Indonesia 1997 47.8 73.3 81.1 90.5 97.7 77.9 0.489 49.900 0.13252 0.00167
Indonesia 2002/03 44.8 69.6 84.1 90.8 94.5 76.4 0.475 49.624 0.14886 0.00163
Philippines 1998 35.2 65.6 87.3 95.7 97.2 79.8 0.362 62.000 0.16310 0.00267
Philippines 2003 34.5 69.3 89.2 95.3 97.2 80.4 0.355 62.677 0.15244 0.00247
Vietnam 1997 40.3 69.7 82.7 93.3 96.7 76.8 0.417 56.400 0.14387 0.00396
Vietnam 2002 57.1 83.2 92.7 96.3 97.9 85.8 0.583 40.800 0.08976 0.00349
Armenia 2000 76.0 87.3 88.7 91.4 95.3 88.4 0.797 19.300 0.03824 0.00327
Kazakhstan 1995 82.3 93.1 95.5 95.4 97.7 93.5 0.842 15.400 0.03293 0.00305
Kazakhstan 1999 69.8 89.3 94.0 93.6 97.0 90.1 0.719 27.229 0.04932 0.00370
Kyrgyzstan 1997 67.3 92.4 93.1 96.3 96.6 89.7 0.697 29.300 0.06393 0.00435
Turkey 1993 63.7 86.7 92.7 96.2 98.4 89.0 0.647 34.700 0.06660 0.00302
Uzbekistan 1996 79.4 96.8 97.8 98.5 97.9 94.4 0.811 18.500 0.02678 0.00328
Bolivia 1998 7.1 47.2 86.9 95.4 97.2 72.8 0.073 90.100 0.24943 0.00274
Bolivia 2003 6.5 41.8 83.7 94.0 98.3 71.0 0.066 91.747 0.24623 0.00221
Brazil 1996 60.1 90.0 93.8 95.5 97.0 88.7 0.620 36.900 0.07210 0.00233
Colombia 1995 46.3 82.9 89.2 90.1 92.0 82.6 0.503 45.700 0.08582 0.00303
Guatemala 1995 5.2 13.8 54.4 87.9 95.3 56.4 0.055 90.100 0.38908 0.00286
Guatemala 1998/99 4.6 29.0 64.1 86.7 97.2 61.4 0.047 92.600 0.35008 0.00393
Haiti 1994/95 2.1 2.9 8.9 35.6 81.5 31.2 0.026 79.400 0.56867 0.00992
Haiti 2000 0.9 2.0 4.5 36.3 80.3 31.3 0.011 79.400 0.49492 0.00715
Nicaragua 1997/98 10.2 39.9 80.1 91.0 96.4 68.4 0.106 86.200 0.27176 0.00248
Nicaragua 2001 7.5 42.6 81.0 92.6 96.6 69.4 0.078 89.100 0.27067 0.00258
Paraguay 1990 31.6 57.4 82.7 94.6 97.9 76.6 0.323 66.300 0.18709 0.00371
Peru 1996 16.9 66.2 92.2 96.7 98.3 78.5 0.172 81.400 0.19898 0.00171
Peru 2000 7.0 43.5 75.0 82.9 83.6 63.2 0.084 76.600 0.25198 0.00239
Egypt 1995 51.0 77.2 85.7 90.9 95.6 80.8 0.533 44.600 0.12239 0.00246
Egypt 2000 76.4 92.6 95.6 97.1 98.5 92.6 0.776 22.100 0.05077 0.00189
Jordan 1997 79.4 88.8 94.4 91.9 92.1 89.5 0.862 12.700 -0.22551 0.02277
Morocco 1992 4.0 39.3 73.5 91.2 98.2 65.0 0.041 94.200 0.28459 0.00335
Morocco 2003/04 36.0 75.6 92.1 96.9 97.5 81.4 0.369 61.566 0.13697 0.00215
Yemen 1997 2.9 6.4 23.6 58.4 77.8 33.6 0.037 74.900 0.50721 0.00643
E. SOUTH ASIA 9.2 13.7 24.5 49.3 83.9 36.1 0.110 74.728 0.47290 0.00659
Bangladesh 1996/97 8.0 12.2 15.1 27.9 73.3 27.0 0.109 65.300 0.45338 0.00997
Bangladesh 1999/2000 11.8 19.7 24.6 40.7 79.7 35.2 0.148 67.900 0.39255 0.00636
Bangladesh 2004 19.4 28.9 38.7 58.2 82.3 45.6 0.235 62.913 0.29185 0.00472
India 1992/93 4.2 8.1 15.9 41.9 86.9 31.8 0.048 82.700 0.57200 0.00228
India 1998/99 9.5 15.9 37.4 71.3 93.6 45.7 0.101 84.100 0.41173 0.00146
Nepal 1996 2.1 3.2 5.0 7.0 46.9 12.3 0.045 44.800 0.67512 0.02242
Nepal 2001 5.0 6.9 10.4 23.0 72.8 23.2 0.069 67.800 0.55147 0.01118
Pakistan 1990/91 3.0 3.1 11.5 44.9 87.1 29.8 0.034 84.100 0.63655 0.00899
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TELEVISION VIEWERSHIP AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 24.5 39.2 47.2 59.6 82.1 51.9 0.298 57.600 0.22145 0.00680
Benin 2001 2.3 4.1 6.1 16.6 66.0 22.0 0.035 63.700 0.59153 0.01389
Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.8 0.6 0.8 3.6 43.3 11.2 0.019 42.535 1.10854 0.02541
Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.9 2.0 3.0 5.1 48.2 12.6 0.019 47.300 0.89760 0.02370
Burkina Faso 2003 2.8 3.9 5.6 12.3 68.6 20.9 0.040 65.835 0.63205 0.01074
Cameroon 1991 4.4 8.9 18.8 38.1 85.9 34.0 0.051 81.500 0.53549 0.00973
Cameroon 1998 6.5 8.9 20.9 43.3 75.1 32.9 0.087 68.600 0.47945 0.00903
Cameroon 2004 2.4 7.0 19.9 50.5 81.4 35.9 0.030 78.949 0.49164 0.00547
Chad 1996/97 0.2 0.2 0.1 2.5 22.3 4.8 0.009 22.100 1.15137 0.04729
Chad 2004 0.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 22.5 5.3 0.018 22.129 1.23172 0.04666
Comoros 1996 6.8 11.4 18.9 20.8 60.0 25.2 0.113 53.200 0.42862 0.01811
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 15.3 23.3 35.4 64.0 90.6 48.2 0.169 75.300 0.33894 0.00510
Eritrea 1995 0.2 0.2 1.7 7.8 60.9 17.5 0.003 60.700 0.82359 0.01825
Ethiopia 2000 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 16.8 4.4 0.012 16.600 1.53369 0.03818
Gabon 2000 11.3 39.7 71.7 83.2 93.0 64.0 0.122 81.621 0.26417 0.00401
Ghana 1993 17.5 16.3 21.2 51.0 82.7 40.7 0.212 65.200 0.35547 0.00908
Ghana 1998 16.0 28.9 38.4 62.9 86.8 49.0 0.184 70.800 0.32126 0.00579
Ghana 2003 7.2 16.6 33.4 53.7 85.5 43.9 0.084 78.309 0.38685 0.00520
Guinea 1999 0.4 1.3 3.0 20.4 78.8 22.6 0.005 78.400 0.71742 0.01258
Kenya 1993 2.5 3.2 7.0 9.4 43.6 14.9 0.057 41.069 0.56199 0.02052
Kenya 1998 6.9 9.6 11.6 21.4 66.5 25.7 0.104 59.600 0.45172 0.01200
Kenya 2003 2.8 6.4 14.2 35.3 65.9 28.8 0.043 63.048 0.51418 0.00790
Madagascar 1997 0.9 1.4 1.4 5.1 51.5 13.8 0.017 50.600 0.91625 0.02119
Malawi 2000 0.2 0.7 0.8 1.4 15.2 3.8 0.013 15.000 0.83694 0.04285
Mali 1995/96 6.2 12.9 17.3 30.9 73.2 29.8 0.085 67.000 0.41244 0.00886
Mali 2001 11.2 11.6 12.1 29.6 79.1 31.0 0.142 67.900 0.44085 0.00768
Mauritania 2000/01 3.1 3.8 12.9 30.8 72.3 26.6 0.043 69.200 0.56938 0.00985
Mozambique 1997 0.3 1.2 1.4 9.4 37.9 10.4 0.008 37.600 0.95002 0.02577
Mozambique 2003 0.4 1.0 1.9 9.8 53.8 14.8 0.008 53.326 0.78705 0.01479
Namibia 1992 2.8 3.4 4.3 18.2 74.3 25.0 0.038 71.500 0.57706 0.01329
Namibia 2000 4.6 3.4 10.6 44.8 92.4 35.9 0.050 87.800 0.53652 0.00631
Niger 1998 8.5 14.1 17.7 21.5 62.7 25.4 0.136 54.200 0.45647 0.01121
Nigeria 1990 2.9 4.0 10.6 26.2 80.7 25.5 0.036 77.800 0.68247 0.00860
Nigeria 2003 3.6 8.0 17.8 52.6 86.8 35.9 0.042 83.152 0.48865 0.00623
Rwanda 2000 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.9 23.1 6.3 0.043 22.100 0.97991 0.03499
South Africa 1998 11.6 37.6 70.6 89.5 95.5 64.2 0.121 83.900 0.27483 0.00281
Tanzania 1996 0.8 1.7 3.5 5.4 28.0 8.8 0.029 27.200 0.73442 0.02806
Tanzania 1999 0.8 0.4 1.2 1.8 14.0 4.3 0.057 13.200 1.41446 0.07708
Tanzania 2004 1.5 3.4 4.3 10.2 53.1 17.1 0.029 51.587 0.63006 0.01449
Togo 1998 14.5 19.0 26.8 45.7 79.8 41.1 0.182 65.300 0.36322 0.00626
Uganda 1995 0.3 1.3 0.1 1.2 22.4 5.5 0.013 22.100 1.07522 0.04704
Uganda 2000/01 1.1 0.5 2.3 3.8 35.0 9.7 0.031 33.900 0.86524 0.02883
Zambia 1996 1.1 3.0 7.0 32.6 84.7 28.8 0.013 83.600 0.58242 0.00897
Zambia 2001 0.7 1.5 4.6 26.3 78.7 24.9 0.009 78.000 0.60921 0.01146
Zimbabwe 1994 2.5 4.1 7.4 26.5 78.1 27.8 0.032 75.600 0.56178 0.01075
Zimbabwe 1999 1.7 4.7 11.6 37.7 80.8 31.8 0.021 79.100 0.51966 0.00988
G. ALL COUNTRIES 20.4 31.3 41.1 53.7 77.4 46.8 0.264 57.021 0.44185 0.01055
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TELEVISION VIEWERSHIP AMONG MEN

Indonesia 2002/03 51.8 75.6 87.5 87.2 96.4 79.3 0.537 44.629 0.11659 0.00294
Philippines 2003 45.7 76.3 92.5 95.9 96.4 82.1 0.474 50.644 0.12904 0.00406

Armenia 2000 85.7 90.7 93.7 95.7 97.6 93.0 0.878 11.900 0.03111 0.00446
Kazakhstan 1999 72.1 91.0 91.8 93.5 95.9 89.6 0.752 23.800 0.05529 0.00743

Bolivia 1998 13.2 58.8 88.6 97.1 98.0 75.9 0.135 84.800 0.21957 0.00468
Bolivia 2003 10.6 49.7 86.0 95.3 98.5 71.4 0.108 87.924 0.24069 0.00371
Brazil 1996 63.8 90.0 96.1 96.4 98.8 89.9 0.646 35.000 0.07295 0.00466
Haiti 1994/95 1.8 3.6 12.7 41.9 88.0 29.5 0.020 86.200 0.60425 0.01831
Haiti 2000 3.1 9.1 6.7 43.5 77.7 29.1 0.040 74.600 0.48143 0.01357
Nicaragua 1997/98 22.3 49.9 87.9 95.3 97.4 73.6 0.229 75.100 0.22361 0.00537
Peru 1996 34.0 70.3 94.5 98.4 98.6 84.4 0.345 64.600 0.14102 0.00552

Bangladesh 1996/97 41.8 38.1 45.7 56.5 82.3 52.7 0.508 40.500 0.16010 0.00885
Bangladesh 1999/2000 35.8 38.8 47.0 61.3 82.3 53.3 0.435 46.500 0.18834 0.00918
Bangladesh 2004 48.9 61.9 68.2 79.9 91.1 71.3 0.537 42.198 0.12086 0.00478
Nepal 2001 10.2 16.0 24.7 35.5 78.5 33.9 0.130 68.300 0.40182 0.01449
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TELEVISION VIEWERSHIP AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 41.2 55.9 70.5 82.1 92.9 68.9 0.443 51.700 0.16775 0.00850
Benin 2001 7.7 11.4 17.1 36.7 78.7 33.0 0.098 71.000 0.46611 0.01299
Burkina Faso 1998/99 3.5 5.8 7.2 11.7 60.6 22.0 0.058 57.100 0.66608 0.02086
Burkina Faso 2003 4.9 7.3 15.7 23.0 77.3 30.2 0.064 72.401 0.50654 0.01213
Cameroon 1998 10.7 18.9 32.7 58.8 81.4 45.1 0.131 70.700 0.35845 0.00913
Cameroon 2004 11.2 18.2 31.4 60.8 86.3 48.1 0.130 75.112 0.35501 0.00597
Chad 1996/97 0.0 0.7 0.3 2.6 38.7 10.7 - 38.700 1.01072 0.04789
Chad 2004 1.3 4.8 6.5 8.4 39.3 14.3 0.033 38.052 0.73852 0.03255
Comoros 1996 13.0 18.4 23.2 28.3 69.0 34.0 0.188 56.000 0.35458 0.02660
Eritrea 1995 1.6 1.7 2.3 31.7 76.0 27.0 0.021 74.400 0.65843 0.02106
Ethiopia 2000 1.4 1.4 2.7 2.6 28.0 7.5 0.050 26.600 1.23167 0.05885
Gabon 2000 14.4 51.6 75.5 88.3 93.4 68.6 0.154 79.000 0.24718 0.00698
Ghana 1993 27.9 30.8 23.0 56.4 86.5 46.5 0.323 58.600 0.26682 0.01580
Ghana 1998 24.0 34.2 48.0 69.9 92.4 57.3 0.260 68.400 0.26900 0.00878
Ghana 2003 10.4 20.4 44.5 67.9 92.3 50.7 0.113 81.846 0.34644 0.00494
Guinea 1999 2.1 6.8 10.3 29.7 82.1 30.5 0.026 80.000 0.57988 0.01555
Kenya 1993 11.1 14.6 22.5 29.7 56.2 30.7 0.198 45.081 0.34760 0.01762
Kenya 1998 17.7 24.3 38.0 51.0 76.1 45.9 0.233 58.400 0.25464 0.01014
Kenya 2003 13.2 19.2 30.3 47.4 68.2 39.9 0.193 55.010 0.32618 0.00957
Malawi 2000 2.7 3.9 4.3 6.1 22.5 8.5 0.120 19.800 0.52033 0.04668
Mali 1995/96 9.1 15.7 29.5 44.5 82.7 38.3 0.110 73.600 0.36169 0.01291
Mali 2001 22.2 22.7 23.4 43.5 85.6 43.3 0.259 63.400 0.31642 0.01060
Mauritania 2000/01 2.1 9.1 27.6 42.7 73.4 37.5 0.029 71.300 0.43324 0.01159
Mozambique 1997 1.0 6.0 7.4 26.8 52.1 20.1 0.019 51.100 0.67839 0.02396
Mozambique 2003 0.7 3.5 4.2 22.1 67.5 22.5 0.011 66.771 0.68952 0.01859
Namibia 2000 8.8 8.4 19.5 53.0 90.7 41.9 0.097 81.900 0.43221 0.00872
Niger 1998 20.9 25.7 30.9 32.5 78.8 40.8 0.265 57.900 0.30857 0.01012
Nigeria 2003 14.5 19.6 31.7 57.8 90.8 46.2 0.159 76.371 0.36329 0.00930
Rwanda 2000 4.9 5.6 4.9 3.6 47.7 14.9 0.103 42.800 0.75188 0.06486
Tanzania 1996 5.6 8.5 7.6 13.0 47.0 18.0 0.119 41.400 0.53209 0.02819
Tanzania 1999 3.3 3.9 3.1 5.9 26.3 9.5 0.125 23.000 0.75974 0.04015
Tanzania 2004 6.1 9.3 12.7 23.8 65.5 25.3 0.092 59.446 0.46836 0.01930
Togo 1998 30.4 32.9 52.2 68.9 90.0 57.8 0.338 59.600 0.25727 0.00632
Uganda 1995 0.1 1.9 1.3 5.0 29.8 8.5 0.003 29.700 0.95215 0.05941
Uganda 2000/01 * * * * * * - - * *
Zambia 1996 4.0 4.8 12.5 56.1 86.4 38.0 0.046 82.400 0.49673 0.01273
Zambia 2001 3.4 4.1 12.8 38.2 86.2 33.6 0.039 82.800 0.51506 0.01434
Zimbabwe 1994 13.0 18.6 21.3 41.8 78.3 41.0 0.166 65.300 0.36766 0.01233
Zimbabwe 1999 7.4 9.1 18.6 53.7 85.0 41.2 0.087 77.600 0.42338 0.01015
G. ALL COUNTRIES 19.4 28.3 36.7 50.7 78.2 45.4 0.248 58.781 0.40761 0.01637
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Cambodia 2000 59.2 66.0 71.2 77.9 91.0 73.7 0.651 31.800 0.11683 0.00291
Indonesia 1997 5.4 10.8 16.0 28.9 52.0 22.3 0.103 46.631 0.38885 0.00578
Indonesia 2002/03 8.6 15.4 24.6 35.1 54.9 27.6 0.156 46.289 0.33551 0.00481
Philippines 2003 54.0 69.7 76.3 80.1 83.2 74.2 0.648 29.253 0.07165 0.00297
Vietnam 1997 71.8 80.9 82.7 89.2 92.2 83.5 0.779 20.400 0.05543 0.00346
Vietnam 2002 70.4 85.5 89.6 91.9 94.8 86.6 0.743 24.400 0.07793 0.00367
Armenia 2000 41.6 49.3 59.5 67.1 72.5 59.1 0.574 30.900 0.11798 0.00620
Kazakhstan 1999 65.7 79.1 81.6 84.9 91.1 81.8 0.721 25.400 0.06742 0.00444
Turkey 1998 27.0 38.4 50.9 58.3 76.7 52.2 0.352 49.700 0.18469 0.00575
Bolivia 1998 13.4 36.1 60.9 80.7 88.9 61.2 0.151 75.476 0.24944 0.00344
Bolivia 2003 15.4 34.8 55.7 74.0 87.2 58.1 0.177 71.732 0.23779 0.00300
Brazil 1996 82.6 95.3 98.1 98.1 99.1 95.3 0.834 16.500 0.03363 0.00154
Colombia 1995 59.2 82.6 88.6 93.0 94.7 85.7 0.625 35.510 0.07090 0.00249
Colombia 2000 54.6 71.2 76.6 79.1 79.2 73.5 0.689 24.600 0.05878 0.00342
Colombia 2005 67.9 80.6 84.9 86.6 88.8 82.8 0.765 20.887 0.05227 0.00153
Guatemala 1995 30.7 33.5 38.1 61.9 85.3 52.8 0.360 54.600 0.19915 0.00487
Haiti 1994/95 94.8 96.9 97.3 97.5 98.1 97.1 0.966 3.300 0.00535 0.00148
Haiti 2000 31.8 45.6 49.0 66.7 80.4 58.2 0.395 48.632 0.16444 0.00625
Nicaragua 1997/98 78.8 89.2 95.0 97.5 97.8 92.7 0.806 19.000 0.04033 0.00160
Nicaragua 2001 20.8 30.8 36.0 44.9 49.7 38.2 0.419 28.900 0.17135 0.00654
Peru 1996 67.1 83.7 93.1 96.0 97.8 89.2 0.686 30.700 0.06475 0.00130
Peru 2000 34.6 47.8 66.4 77.6 81.1 64.5 0.427 46.500 0.18523 0.00257

Jordan 1997 53.8 63.4 67.0 70.5 73.0 65.8 0.737 19.200 na na
Morocco 2003/04 25.9 37.8 60.9 74.3 82.1 58.0 0.315 56.252 0.19932 0.00333
E. SOUTH ASIA 8.4 14.9 23.1 35.8 61.1 28.6 0.137 52.754 0.39030 0.00627
Bangladesh 1996/97 18.8 17.7 18.1 16.5 32.1 20.6 0.586 13.300 0.11691 0.01320
Bangladesh 1999/2000 38.6 40.4 44.0 42.3 60.6 45.2 0.637 22.000 0.61650 0.01340
Bangladesh 2004 9.7 17.0 26.4 40.2 64.2 31.6 0.150 54.563 0.36134 0.00679
India 1998/99 4.6 8.7 19.3 33.6 59.6 25.3 0.076 55.055 0.48224 0.00300
Nepal 1996 63.2 68.4 69.2 72.8 79.0 70.3 0.800 15.800 0.04444 0.00398
Nepal 2001 10.9 19.1 23.8 33.6 59.6 28.9 0.184 48.645 0.32733 0.00904
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KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV/AIDS AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 79.5 80.1 83.8 88.8 90.8 84.9 0.876 11.300 0.03312 0.00332
Benin 2001 41.3 53.1 57.7 60.7 72.5 58.2 0.570 31.200 0.11234 0.00623
Burkina Faso 1998/99 65.5 73.5 68.2 72.8 90.6 74.5 0.723 25.139 0.07005 0.00367
Burkina Faso 2003 60.2 62.9 62.4 66.2 84.4 68.0 0.713 24.243 0.07852 0.00338
Cameroon 1998 58.3 75.8 80.5 87.3 93.2 79.2 0.626 34.857 0.08536 0.00395
Cameroon 2004 58.2 68.2 74.8 83.2 90.7 76.2 0.641 32.527 0.08842 0.00315
Chad 1996/97 28.1 41.7 45.2 62.9 85.2 52.2 0.329 57.140 0.21560 0.00526
Chad 2004 26.0 43.1 43.9 54.0 55.8 44.6 0.466 29.831 0.14156 0.00735
Comoros 1996 36.0 51.6 64.7 69.9 81.1 61.9 0.444 45.100 0.15440 0.00775
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 71.7 81.6 82.9 83.0 91.6 82.7 0.783 19.900 0.04533 0.00307
Eritrea 1995 44.1 48.5 63.1 83.4 92.6 68.3 0.476 48.500 0.28584 0.00575
Ethiopia 2000 48.0 47.5 49.7 55.8 83.1 58.2 0.578 35.011 0.16181 0.00350
Gabon 2000 94.3 95.3 97.0 96.8 96.6 96.1 0.976 2.300 0.01847 0.00208
Ghana 1993 92.8 94.9 95.9 97.5 97.9 96.1 0.948 5.100 0.01054 0.00179
Ghana 1998 61.0 73.4 73.8 84.3 89.9 77.2 0.679 28.900 0.10492 0.00447
Ghana 2003 52.6 60.6 66.4 68.0 67.9 63.8 0.775 15.289 0.04670 0.00562
Guinea 1999 85.4 87.4 91.4 95.9 97.9 91.7 0.873 12.427 0.03164 0.00217
Kenya 1998 94.5 96.3 97.0 97.9 98.6 97.0 0.958 4.100 0.00937 0.00143
Kenya 2003 72.6 82.0 85.4 89.3 90.5 84.8 0.803 17.845 0.05825 0.00298
Madagascar 1997 18.6 24.4 33.1 49.3 78.6 42.3 0.237 59.924 0.30758 0.00651
Malawi 1992 81.6 87.7 90.7 92.5 94.5 89.5 0.863 12.900 0.02789 0.00282
Malawi 2000 90.0 92.1 93.3 95.5 98.3 93.8 0.916 8.300 0.02338 0.00139
Mali 1995/96 63.7 77.9 79.2 85.0 93.7 80.4 0.680 30.000 0.06614 0.00285
Mali 2001 42.7 41.4 39.3 52.3 80.5 52.6 0.530 37.835 0.14849 0.00484
Mozambique 1997 20.5 27.5 23.4 27.5 39.7 27.4 0.516 19.202 0.16135 0.01112
Mozambique 2003 44.5 52.4 61.3 67.7 87.0 63.0 0.511 42.489 0.13646 0.00359
Namibia 2000 78.8 84.3 89.6 89.8 97.0 88.7 0.812 18.200 0.04266 0.00273
Niger 1998 79.7 82.1 83.9 83.0 92.1 84.3 0.865 12.400 0.22332 0.00624
Nigeria 2003 37.1 48.2 61.6 68.0 81.0 60.2 0.458 43.875 0.14355 0.00499
Rwanda 2000 93.7 95.2 94.6 96.4 97.4 95.7 0.962 3.700 0.00612 0.00116
Senegal 1997 60.8 66.1 75.6 84.7 93.7 77.8 0.649 32.900 0.11734 0.00366
South Africa 1998 70.2 81.4 84.8 89.8 92.4 84.5 0.761 22.114 0.04990 0.00238
Tanzania 1996 77.8 85.1 86.1 91.3 95.0 87.6 0.819 17.200 0.03615 0.00245
Tanzania 1999 70.2 75.1 73.1 84.5 90.0 79.4 0.780 19.800 0.05512 0.00427
Tanzania 2004 89.3 93.5 94.8 96.9 98.7 95.0 0.905 9.395 0.01783 0.00154
Togo 1998 83.1 85.5 88.0 92.6 94.2 89.3 0.882 11.100 0.04738 0.00260
Uganda 1995 96.2 97.9 98.5 98.7 99.2 98.1 0.970 3.000 0.00362 0.00081
Uganda 2000/01 75.8 81.8 86.1 90.0 95.0 86.2 0.798 19.200 0.04088 0.00265
Zambia 1996 96.1 96.7 97.6 98.6 99.2 97.7 0.969 3.100 0.00742 0.00106
Zambia 2001 69.4 78.0 85.4 89.7 93.6 83.9 0.741 24.200 0.05854 0.00297
Zimbabwe 1994 94.8 94.1 96.2 98.0 98.5 96.5 0.962 3.700 0.01144 0.00146
Zimbabwe 1999 75.1 81.9 84.5 89.3 92.7 85.6 0.810 17.600 0.05689 0.00342
G. ALL COUNTRIES 54.2 62.3 68.3 74.8 84.0 69.7 0.645 29.852 0.12837 0.00396
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Indonesia 2002/03 21.0 37.2 50.9 63.6 81.4 50.5 0.257 60.479 0.22241 0.00488
Philippines 2003 66.4 80.5 84.0 87.8 92.9 82.7 0.715 26.499 0.06561 0.00396

Armenia 2000 51.1 64.5 77.2 76.3 85.3 71.9 0.599 34.200 0.09419 0.00884
Kazakhstan 1999 77.2 88.1 86.5 93.0 92.3 88.0 0.836 15.100 0.04175 0.00695
Turkey 1998 55.8 59.8 63.9 68.9 76.7 66.0 0.728 20.900 0.05596 0.00967

Bolivia 1998 22.2 52.7 68.2 87.2 94.9 69.1 0.234 72.699 0.19648 0.00510
Bolivia 2003 25.8 52.6 71.3 84.0 93.1 67.9 0.277 67.308 0.18767 0.00426
Brazil 1996 90.7 96.0 98.5 99.0 99.1 96.9 0.915 8.400 0.02420 0.00279
Haiti 1994/95 93.4 95.7 97.9 98.5 98.4 96.9 0.949 5.000 0.00959 0.00282
Haiti 2000 65.2 78.1 82.3 88.0 94.1 81.3 0.693 28.900 0.06566 0.00514
Nicaragua 1997/98 96.1 98.1 99.9 99.6 100.0 98.9 0.961 3.900 0.00735 0.00147
Peru 1996 83.2 92.5 98.9 99.5 100.0 96.2 0.832 16.800 0.03314 0.00301

Bangladesh 1996/97 40.3 37.7 35.3 41.2 63.7 43.6 0.633 23.400 0.10179 0.01206
Bangladesh 1999/2000 50.1 53.8 57.0 61.7 77.5 60.2 0.646 27.400 0.41794 0.01430
Bangladesh 2004 27.5 36.6 47.6 59.8 78.4 51.5 0.350 50.960 0.21340 0.00699
Nepal 2001 49.8 55.8 60.5 64.1 84.2 63.4 0.591 34.474 0.10656 0.00862
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KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV/AIDS AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 91.1 95.0 95.0 96.3 99.8 95.5 0.913 8.700 0.01739 0.00251
Benin 2001 71.1 75.1 80.8 81.6 88.6 79.7 0.802 17.500 0.05708 0.00580
Burkina Faso 1992/93 67.5 68.7 65.2 79.4 89.3 74.7 0.755 21.848 0.07589 0.00703
Burkina Faso 1998/99 85.6 90.4 90.5 88.7 96.8 91.1 0.884 11.255 0.02390 0.00320
Burkina Faso 2003 76.5 75.6 78.5 80.5 93.6 82.0 0.817 17.114 0.04732 0.00426
Cameroon 1998 86.4 94.5 96.4 98.1 99.7 95.7 0.867 13.300 0.03241 0.00348
Cameroon 2004 81.2 89.0 90.0 89.3 94.4 89.6 0.861 13.163 0.02338 0.00282
Chad 1996/97 62.2 77.7 85.0 87.1 95.0 83.4 0.654 32.863 0.06408 0.00556
Chad 2004 69.1 73.9 59.3 68.4 78.5 70.5 0.880 9.458 0.03181 0.00810
Comoros 1996 72.5 79.4 83.9 85.5 89.8 83.0 0.807 17.300 0.04700 0.00974
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 93.1 93.0 94.3 95.6 98.2 94.9 0.948 5.100 0.01297 0.00244
Eritrea 1995 91.5 83.2 89.9 96.4 99.2 92.5 0.922 7.700 0.08403 0.00760
Ethiopia 2000 81.8 85.2 86.1 88.7 94.0 87.2 0.870 12.194 0.04204 0.00442
Gabon 2000 95.1 97.8 98.1 97.7 98.6 97.6 0.965 3.500 0.00762 0.00224
Ghana 1993 89.8 94.9 91.6 96.2 97.3 94.1 0.923 7.500 0.01576 0.00388
Ghana 1998 78.4 80.4 84.5 92.7 94.1 87.0 0.833 15.700 0.05471 0.00588
Ghana 2003 65.7 68.0 74.4 75.7 80.6 73.5 0.816 14.824 0.04524 0.00482
Guinea 1999 85.1 84.2 93.8 96.3 98.9 92.3 0.861 13.720 0.03487 0.00371
Kenya 1993 35.1 38.0 43.0 45.1 50.4 43.4 0.697 15.258 0.08143 0.01370
Kenya 1998 98.5 98.6 99.4 99.3 99.6 99.2 0.989 1.100 0.00228 0.00119
Kenya 2003 82.2 88.5 92.1 92.9 95.3 91.1 0.862 13.129 0.03918 0.00353
Malawi 1992 84.9 91.3 95.2 98.1 96.1 94.1 0.883 11.200 0.02039 0.00440
Malawi 2000 96.7 97.3 98.6 98.1 98.2 97.7 0.985 1.500 0.00637 0.00184
Mali 1995/96 90.7 94.4 95.2 94.8 99.0 95.0 0.916 8.300 0.01557 0.00279
Mali 2001 71.8 69.7 68.8 77.4 88.3 76.3 0.813 16.500 0.06068 0.00554
Mauritania 2000/01 58.7 63.9 75.4 85.4 89.2 77.2 0.658 30.500 0.16888 0.00858
Mozambique 1997 38.5 44.1 35.6 49.5 70.8 48.4 0.544 32.274 0.15452 0.01156
Mozambique 2003 67.9 63.0 71.7 84.3 90.4 76.3 0.751 22.515 0.07154 0.00535
Namibia 2000 87.5 92.1 94.3 93.1 97.6 93.5 0.897 10.100 0.03137 0.00359
Niger 1998 91.8 88.9 92.3 94.4 97.3 93.1 0.943 5.500 0.04507 0.00371
Nigeria 2003 67.0 80.9 89.1 83.3 89.4 82.5 0.749 22.425 0.04590 0.00564
Senegal 1997 74.1 81.9 87.8 92.7 97.0 87.4 0.764 22.900 0.07380 0.00387
Tanzania 1996 86.9 89.8 93.7 90.1 96.9 91.9 0.897 10.000 0.02057 0.00370
Tanzania 1999 85.1 87.0 86.7 92.9 95.3 89.9 0.893 10.200 0.02007 0.00293
Tanzania 2004 93.0 94.3 97.7 96.8 97.9 96.1 0.950 4.853 0.01248 0.00290
Togo 1998 93.2 96.3 96.8 98.5 99.7 97.2 0.935 6.500 0.01956 0.00213
Uganda 1995 99.3 99.3 98.8 99.3 99.4 99.3 0.999 0.100 0.00083 0.00102
Uganda 2000/01 90.4 92.2 93.9 95.5 98.1 94.1 0.922 7.700 0.01450 0.00305
Zambia 1996 99.6 99.0 99.8 100.0 100.0 99.7 0.996 0.400 0.00139 0.00066
Zambia 2001 87.9 89.5 96.0 91.6 95.1 92.3 0.924 7.200 0.01974 0.00402
Zimbabwe 1994 96.6 98.3 99.0 99.7 100.0 99.0 0.966 3.400 0.00702 0.00153
Zimbabwe 1999 89.0 89.2 92.1 94.0 97.2 93.0 0.916 8.200 0.02081 0.00333
G. ALL COUNTRIES 74.3 79.3 83.6 86.9 92.4 83.9 0.804 18.068 0.05724 0.00479
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Cambodia 2000 66.5 65.3 67.7 77.0 89.1 72.4 0.746 22.600 0.09816 0.00289
Indonesia 2002/03 13.8 24.5 35.4 49.7 68.4 38.2 0.202 54.568 0.28808 0.00352
Philippines 2003 60.2 71.7 77.3 80.2 81.6 75.3 0.738 21.408 0.05322 0.00290

Armenia 2000 72.7 72.3 73.2 77.5 82.4 74.4 0.882 9.700 0.04511 0.00420
Kazakhstan 1999 79.4 78.2 80.4 83.1 88.5 80.9 0.897 9.100 0.04563 0.00439
Bolivia 2003 23.5 45.7 66.4 81.3 90.7 65.9 0.259 67.179 0.18859 0.00275
Brazil 1996 91.6 90.0 93.1 93.5 94.9 90.6 0.965 3.300 0.03423 0.00189
Colombia 2000 88.6 86.3 90.6 91.9 91.4 87.9 0.969 2.800 0.03255 0.00218
Colombia 2005 74.6 86.7 90.5 92.6 93.5 88.6 0.797 18.962 0.04200 0.00126
Haiti 1994/95 66.5 60.6 72.4 82.5 90.3 73.5 0.736 23.800 0.11121 0.00455
Haiti 2000 33.5 31.7 35.2 40.0 42.3 36.6 0.792 8.800 0.08184 0.00814
Nicaragua 2001 77.4 71.9 82.2 86.0 91.8 79.5 0.843 14.400 0.08853 0.00272
Peru 1996 79.1 69.8 86.9 91.5 93.5 78.9 0.846 14.400 0.14170 0.00180
Peru 2000 69.3 54.8 81.6 90.3 92.9 73.7 0.746 23.600 0.17883 0.00201

Morocco 2003/04 45.8 59.6 74.8 83.7 88.0 71.7 0.521 42.112 0.11759 0.00263
Bangladesh 2004 25.3 38.6 52.6 69.4 87.2 54.7 0.290 61.948 0.23384 0.00389
Nepal 2001 32.7 30.4 35.0 48.3 72.3 41.2 0.452 39.600 0.24601 0.00671
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KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV/AIDS AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 56.9 51.8 61.9 74.1 82.1 61.6 0.693 25.200 0.16456 0.00575
Benin 2001 72.0 69.5 74.4 82.8 87.7 75.2 0.821 15.700 0.08463 0.00418
Burkina Faso 1998/99 40.1 40.1 40.0 47.0 78.3 48.2 0.512 38.200 0.20587 0.00652
Burkina Faso 2003 49.2 53.3 56.3 60.4 80.3 60.9 0.613 31.077 0.10596 0.00394
Cameroon 1998 58.9 50.9 66.3 76.5 83.4 64.6 0.706 24.500 0.13811 0.00544
Cameroon 2004 47.2 57.8 71.1 82.9 90.3 71.6 0.523 43.066 0.13036 0.00339
Chad 1996/97 28.2 26.6 30.8 43.5 65.7 36.0 0.429 37.500 0.28017 0.00787
Chad 2004 15.2 51.6 57.0 63.1 73.0 51.9 0.208 57.842 0.20996 0.00551
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 63.3 61.4 65.1 67.5 78.2 65.7 0.809 14.900 0.07760 0.00469
Ethiopia 2000 43.8 42.4 45.2 52.2 80.5 54.4 0.544 36.700 0.17669 0.00381
Gabon 2000 82.0 76.4 86.9 87.5 90.5 83.0 0.906 8.500 0.05527 0.00345
Ghana 1993 72.0 71.0 72.9 84.4 91.3 77.9 0.789 19.300 0.07195 0.00447
Ghana 1998 84.7 82.6 86.7 92.3 94.1 85.3 0.900 9.400 0.07463 0.00365
Ghana 2003 58.1 71.7 78.4 84.6 89.6 78.0 0.649 31.457 0.07951 0.00381
Guinea 1999 55.3 49.0 61.7 68.2 77.7 62.9 0.712 22.400 0.08691 0.00531
Kenya 1998 84.0 83.4 84.6 89.6 89.3 85.1 0.941 5.300 0.02643 0.00289
Kenya 2003 74.3 85.7 89.0 91.3 92.1 87.3 0.807 17.801 0.04883 0.00275
Madagascar 1997 48.3 44.4 52.6 67.6 89.4 58.3 0.540 41.100 0.20006 0.00469
Malawi 1992 74.8 73.6 75.8 81.6 89.2 77.8 0.839 14.400 0.05485 0.00408
Malawi 2000 67.9 66.7 69.1 72.6 80.9 70.4 0.839 13.000 0.05057 0.00315
Mali 1995/96 29.6 26.7 32.6 47.2 73.5 40.8 0.403 43.900 0.27240 0.00637
Mali 2001 32.6 33.5 31.8 43.6 74.5 45.2 0.438 41.900 0.16875 0.00576
Mozambique 2003 44.9 51.0 58.3 64.4 81.3 60.4 0.552 36.419 0.12938 0.00385
Namibia 2000 83.9 83.9 83.8 90.0 94.4 87.0 0.889 10.500 0.03775 0.00284
Niger 1998 15.5 14.5 16.9 22.0 62.3 26.3 0.249 46.800 0.40087 0.01109
Nigeria 2003 28.8 38.5 50.6 58.9 78.0 52.2 0.369 49.206 0.18334 0.00584
Rwanda 2000 78.3 77.5 79.3 82.2 88.0 81.2 0.890 9.700 0.02931 0.00250
Tanzania 1996 69.8 68.9 70.7 77.4 84.7 73.0 0.824 14.900 0.07064 0.00383
Tanzania 1999 72.7 71.1 74.1 84.7 90.1 78.9 0.807 17.400 0.04955 0.00382
Togo 1998 68.4 63.9 72.7 82.2 87.3 74.3 0.784 18.900 0.09129 0.00356
Uganda 1995 83.5 82.7 84.3 86.4 89.8 84.9 0.930 6.300 0.02101 0.00269
Uganda 2000/01 79.5 76.3 82.7 83.4 91.8 81.3 0.866 12.300 0.04961 0.00310
Zambia 1996 87.1 85.3 88.8 90.9 93.2 88.4 0.935 6.100 0.02633 0.00243
Zambia 2001 82.5 82.1 82.9 88.9 90.8 84.3 0.909 8.300 0.03590 0.00298
Zimbabwe 1994 90.1 87.4 92.4 95.8 97.5 92.0 0.924 7.400 0.03423 0.00236
Zimbabwe 1999 79.7 80.1 79.3 83.4 87.7 81.5 0.909 8.000 0.03780 0.00357
G. ALL COUNTRIES 57.3 60.3 66.7 73.3 83.8 68.0 0.683 26.545 0.11494 0.00395
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KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV/AIDS AMONG MEN

Indonesia 2002/03 23.2 37.3 52.1 65.2 78.7 51.0 0.295 55.538 0.22576 0.00478
Philippines 2003 58.7 67.7 71.9 75.9 79.6 71.0 0.737 20.924 0.06234 0.00539

Armenia 2000 74.9 70.3 79.4 87.1 85.7 77.9 0.874 10.800 0.05502 0.00758
Kazakhstan 1999 85.8 79.5 92.0 87.5 90.7 86.4 0.946 4.900 0.03164 0.00660
Turkey 1998 71.2 66.0 75.8 80.4 84.5 73.8 0.843 13.300 0.07488 0.00796

Bolivia 2003 37.6 61.8 74.2 85.6 91.0 72.1 0.413 53.375 0.13735 0.00425
Brazil 1996 88.1 86.0 90.3 90.3 90.2 86.2 0.977 2.100 0.04288 0.00473
Haiti 1994/95 65.7 62.6 69.8 83.4 91.7 73.4 0.716 26.000 0.09771 0.00792
Haiti 2000 63.4 60.3 67.2 78.5 81.3 70.3 0.780 17.900 0.06748 0.00660
Peru 1996 80.7 71.9 87.6 93.0 94.4 83.7 0.855 13.700 0.09152 0.00548

Bangladesh 2004 53.3 60.3 74.4 84.5 93.0 74.3 0.573 39.692 0.11396 0.00446
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KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV/AIDS AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 1996 73.6 68.4 79.3 83.8 90.8 76.4 0.811 17.200 0.09088 0.00625
Benin 2001 70.9 71.2 70.6 78.3 85.3 73.2 0.831 14.400 0.07719 0.00658
Burkina Faso 1998/99 54.0 52.3 56.1 59.4 84.5 62.3 0.639 30.500 0.13445 0.00778
Burkina Faso 2003 63.8 63.7 68.1 72.5 90.6 73.3 0.704 26.828 0.08038 0.00541
Cameroon 1998 64.2 59.9 68.0 73.1 78.5 68.1 0.818 14.300 0.07162 0.00764
Cameroon 2004 80.1 79.5 84.4 85.5 90.7 84.9 0.883 10.586 0.02706 0.00329
Chad 1996/97 41.2 39.9 43.0 46.4 67.6 47.7 0.609 26.400 0.15096 0.01197
Chad 2004 37.4 70.6 63.6 68.4 78.5 65.6 0.477 41.039 0.11188 0.00927
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 66.2 66.0 66.4 70.5 73.3 68.1 0.903 7.100 0.03300 0.00802
Eritrea 1995 54.4 46.9 61.9 86.1 94.1 70.5 0.578 39.700 0.13976 0.01004
Ethiopia 2000 62.3 63.5 61.0 66.0 85.4 66.4 0.730 23.100 0.09245 0.00764
Gabon 2000 83.4 82.3 84.6 92.1 92.1 86.5 0.906 8.700 0.03817 0.00510
Ghana 1993 77.1 73.4 80.5 88.3 92.9 81.3 0.830 15.800 0.06573 0.00766
Ghana 1998 87.1 85.8 88.2 91.7 95.4 88.3 0.913 8.300 0.05321 0.00562
Ghana 2003 73.0 82.7 87.6 86.7 94.2 85.5 0.775 21.233 0.05188 0.00331
Guinea 1999 45.4 39.9 50.7 65.9 77.5 58.8 0.586 32.100 0.12413 0.01071
Kenya 1998 81.9 81.4 82.4 85.9 88.1 84.5 0.930 6.200 0.01433 0.00421
Kenya 2003 78.6 87.3 87.7 89.4 94.4 88.5 0.832 15.845 0.04032 0.00389
Malawi 1992 82.1 78.5 85.6 88.6 92.9 86.2 0.884 10.800 0.03847 0.00682
Malawi 2000 73.7 75.6 71.1 75.5 80.0 74.7 0.921 6.300 0.02377 0.00602
Mali 1995/96 46.6 43.5 50.0 60.1 77.3 55.7 0.603 30.700 0.14266 0.01019
Mali 2001 52.9 53.5 52.2 62.8 76.2 62.4 0.694 23.300 0.06579 0.00781
Mauritania 2000/01 37.7 32.4 43.2 63.1 77.4 52.9 0.487 39.700 0.22825 0.01027
Mozambique 2003 51.4 57.5 68.5 70.7 85.0 67.4 0.605 33.575 0.10130 0.00707
Namibia 2000 86.3 86.6 86.0 82.7 88.0 85.6 0.981 1.700 0.01677 0.00464
Niger 1998 29.9 29.5 30.3 37.7 69.8 42.0 0.428 39.900 0.20997 0.01083
Nigeria 2003 44.9 54.8 72.1 64.9 76.8 63.7 0.584 31.932 0.08963 0.00865
Tanzania 1996 74.9 73.1 76.5 78.1 85.6 76.2 0.875 10.700 0.05676 0.00712
Tanzania 1999 77.0 76.1 77.7 84.9 88.4 80.7 0.871 11.400 0.03035 0.00427
Tanzania 2004 84.4 87.7 92.0 92.7 95.1 90.6 0.887 10.727 0.02532 0.00375
Togo 1998 74.8 71.4 78.2 84.4 90.9 79.2 0.823 16.100 0.06905 0.00471
Uganda 1995 81.2 77.9 84.4 84.6 90.2 84.3 0.900 9.000 0.02622 0.00519
Uganda 2000/01 77.1 78.0 76.1 81.6 92.4 81.5 0.834 15.300 0.04072 0.00577
Zambia 1996 70.8 69.0 72.2 87.7 94.6 81.1 0.748 23.800 0.06353 0.00620
Zambia 2001 82.3 80.2 84.4 82.7 88.6 82.8 0.929 6.300 0.03112 0.00587
Zimbabwe 1994 87.8 87.7 87.9 94.5 97.1 92.0 0.904 9.300 0.02928 0.00387
Zimbabwe 1999 81.2 81.9 80.5 82.9 88.9 83.4 0.913 7.700 0.02162 0.00496
G. ALL COUNTRIES 64.6 67.2 72.3 78.0 85.8 73.9 0.753 21.199 0.07621 0.00634
- 236 -
ATTITUDES TOWARD HIV/AIDS AMONG WOMEN

Indonesia 2002/03 19.9 22.4 24.6 25.7 24.4 24.0 0.814 4.539 0.01429 0.00719
Philippines 2003 26.4 24.7 27.5 30.8 38.0 30.3 0.696 11.532 0.08720 0.00781

Armenia 2000 87.6 89.1 86.2 82.9 79.8 85.3 1.098 7.800 -0.02512 0.00296
Kazakhstan 1999 21.8 19.3 24.0 37.3 45.6 30.2 0.478 23.800 0.24285 0.01291
Bolivia 2003 35.6 41.0 47.5 48.7 51.0 47.3 0.697 15.452 0.05468 0.00533
Colombia 2000 13.3 15.0 11.8 10.4 9.8 12.0 1.357 3.500 -0.08388 0.01489
Haiti 2000 74.3 77.7 71.0 65.8 63.2 69.8 1.176 11.100 -0.05260 0.00558
Nicaragua 2001 24.7 23.8 25.4 23.1 20.2 22.6 1.223 4.500 0.00525 0.00996
Peru 2000 51.9 61.9 45.0 33.4 23.8 41.2 2.181 28.100 -0.21590 0.00433

Morocco 2003/04 28.8 26.4 24.5 27.6 30.5 27.6 0.947 1.622 0.00977 0.00753
- 237 -
ATTITUDES TOWARD HIV/AIDS AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 78.6 78.9 78.3 77.6 59.0 73.4 1.332 19.600 -0.05594 0.00485
Burkina Faso 2003 49.5 47.5 52.5 52.6 61.7 53.4 0.801 12.273 0.05385 0.00502
Cameroon 2004 61.2 65.9 71.6 79.5 90.0 75.1 0.681 28.715 0.08046 0.00324
Chad 2004 63.3 73.3 75.2 73.9 82.2 74.8 0.770 18.902 0.04389 0.00463
Gabon 2000 53.2 47.4 58.2 59.1 72.9 57.0 0.730 19.700 0.10931 0.00632
Ghana 2003 56.0 48.6 55.4 62.0 75.1 60.9 0.745 19.150 0.06630 0.00577
Kenya 2003 59.8 68.6 71.5 79.4 85.9 74.5 0.696 26.063 0.07875 0.00362
Malawi 2000 50.4 50.6 50.2 47.0 30.6 46.9 1.647 19.800 -0.10554 0.00524
Mali 2001 48.2 48.9 47.5 43.9 29.5 43.1 1.634 18.700 -0.10840 0.00617
Mozambique 2003 65.2 69.7 71.7 77.9 88.4 75.1 0.737 23.214 0.06003 0.00282
Namibia 2000 24.0 22.2 25.6 26.0 17.3 22.3 1.387 6.700 -0.09448 0.01376
Nigeria 2003 38.4 44.3 42.4 47.8 55.5 46.7 0.691 17.131 0.07628 0.00778
Tanzania 2004 78.7 80.8 84.3 87.2 93.9 85.7 0.839 15.127 0.04052 0.00239
Uganda 2000/01 55.6 56.7 54.4 48.0 32.9 49.7 1.690 22.700 -0.11688 0.00639
Zambia 2001 na na na na na na na na -0.02456 0.01369
- 238 -
ATTITUDES TOWARD HIV/AIDS AMONG MEN

Indonesia 2002/03 16.7 23.5 17.8 19.8 21.3 20.0 0.783 4.622 0.03937 0.01364
Philippines 2003 22.4 24.8 26.8 26.1 30.1 26.2 0.745 7.673 0.05753 0.01437

Armenia 2000 80.2 80.5 79.9 80.8 80.1 80.9 1.001 0.100 -0.01378 0.00649
Kazakhstan 1999 51.1 52.1 50.0 45.2 36.2 48.0 1.412 14.900 -0.04720 0.01724

Bolivia 2003 68.7 67.6 66.0 75.0 83.4 73.4 0.823 14.737 0.03937 0.00472
Haiti 2000 68.3 71.8 64.1 61.9 50.9 63.9 1.342 17.400 -0.04997 0.00816

- 239 -
ATTITUDES TOWARD HIV/AIDS AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Benin 2001 68.0 66.9 69.3 61.8 36.9 59.9 1.843 31.100 -0.12375 0.00890
Burkina Faso 2003 64.1 64.1 62.9 66.8 83.4 69.6 0.768 19.379 0.06609 0.00626
Cameroon 2004 53.8 60.1 67.0 77.2 85.3 71.3 0.631 31.506 0.08874 0.00496
Chad 2004 60.8 51.9 43.9 47.5 64.4 54.5 0.944 3.594 0.04603 0.01260
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na -0.00072 0.01901
Gabon 2000 29.4 34.3 24.7 26.0 15.8 28.5 1.861 13.600 -0.19818 0.02021
Ghana 2003 54.0 52.5 57.8 68.0 82.6 64.3 0.654 28.551 0.09192 0.00552
Kenya 2003 61.1 63.9 70.7 76.3 81.7 72.4 0.749 20.528 0.05741 0.00545
Malawi 2000 48.6 47.1 50.8 48.3 25.4 43.7 1.913 23.200 -0.13072 0.01126
Mali 2001 55.1 56.4 53.8 46.0 27.7 46.3 1.989 27.400 -0.14083 0.01039
Mauritania 2000/01 50.6 49.6 51.5 49.1 51.7 49.7 0.979 1.100 -0.00938 0.01457
Mozambique 2003 74.5 68.6 71.8 79.5 90.2 78.0 0.826 15.677 0.05196 0.00543
Namibia 2000 35.9 36.3 35.6 45.0 33.0 38.6 1.088 2.900 -0.06990 0.01421
Nigeria 2003 36.5 36.8 42.1 41.8 53.1 42.9 0.688 16.552 0.07222 0.01421
Tanzania 2004 72.6 77.3 77.3 82.4 91.4 80.8 0.794 18.822 0.03840 0.00536
Uganda 2000/01 58.8 58.8 58.7 55.4 32.1 53.0 1.832 26.700 -0.10245 0.01182
Zambia 2001 75.5 78.6 72.7 56.0 32.4 60.5 2.330 43.100 -0.16174 0.01001
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Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN SEEK OWN HEALTH CARE

Cambodia 2000 33.8 39.7 38.7 38.4 44.1 39.1 0.766 10.300 0.04241 0.01467
Indonesia 2002/03 50.7 54.9 55.3 58.5 61.3 56.1 0.827 10.589 0.04062 0.00284
Philippines 2003 69.4 73.5 72.2 73.6 77.1 73.5 0.900 7.681 0.01816 0.00296

Armenia 2000 26.0 27.9 34.0 37.3 41.7 33.9 0.624 15.700 0.09087 0.00991
Kazakhstan 1999 52.7 65.2 63.3 73.4 77.4 67.9 0.681 24.700 0.07652 0.00561
Bolivia 2003 45.8 49.0 52.4 58.7 66.9 55.9 0.685 21.085 0.07665 0.00389
Colombia 2000 53.3 60.0 67.4 69.6 71.6 65.4 0.744 18.300 0.05372 0.00395
Colombia 2005 58.3 68.7 73.2 74.7 76.3 71.2 0.764 17.971 0.04515 0.00204
Haiti 2000 32.9 33.3 36.1 33.4 28.9 32.6 1.138 4.000 -0.03225 0.00848
Nicaragua 1997/98 30.8 37.0 40.4 38.3 38.1 37.2 0.808 7.300 0.03105 0.00660
Nicaragua 2001 32.6 38.2 40.5 42.5 43.3 40.0 0.753 10.700 0.04281 0.00652
Peru 2000 38.7 46.9 61.6 65.6 70.9 58.7 0.546 32.200 0.10459 0.00297

Egypt 2000 31.4 31.4 33.0 41.1 43.2 36.4 0.727 11.800 0.05765 0.00614
Morocco 2003/04 6.5 8.5 13.7 15.6 14.9 12.1 0.435 8.417 0.14648 0.01152
E. SOUTH ASIA 21.0 19.7 19.0 21.8 25.8 21.5 0.814 4.794 0.04911 0.00972
Bangladesh 1999/2000 21.0 18.3 18.2 18.7 25.4 20.3 0.827 4.400 0.04254 0.01152
Bangladesh 2004 22.2 20.2 17.6 20.6 22.8 20.7 0.974 0.583 0.01357 0.01062
India 1998/99 24.4 24.6 26.8 30.3 34.3 28.1 0.711 9.900 0.08672 0.00316
Nepal 2001 16.5 14.2 12.6 14.6 20.4 15.7 0.809 3.900 0.04703 0.01540
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Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN SEEK OWN HEALTH CARE (Cont.)

Benin 2001 17.2 19.5 20.0 22.0 20.4 19.9 0.843 3.200 0.02703 0.01463
Burkina Faso 2003 7.5 5.7 6.7 8.6 21.9 10.6 0.343 14.375 0.19640 0.01616
Cameroon 2004 12.5 15.6 19.0 25.3 30.4 21.4 0.411 17.946 0.17862 0.01118
Ghana 2003 32.1 35.0 39.6 37.1 33.8 35.5 0.950 1.698 0.02269 0.00991
Kenya 2003 29.1 30.4 38.0 43.9 54.1 40.6 0.539 24.913 0.13568 0.00729
Malawi 2000 30.3 21.9 26.1 22.0 27.2 25.6 1.114 3.100 -0.03675 0.00898
Mali 2001 9.7 8.9 12.4 12.3 13.6 11.5 0.713 3.900 0.10078 0.01513
Mozambique 2003 44.6 44.8 43.2 43.4 42.2 43.6 1.056 2.373 -0.00357 0.00608
Nigeria 2003 14.6 10.1 13.4 18.6 21.0 15.7 0.695 6.409 0.12895 0.01626
Rwanda 2000 36.6 35.9 29.6 29.7 33.7 32.8 1.086 2.900 -0.00215 0.00795
Tanzania 2004 38.4 37.6 42.1 43.4 50.6 43.0 0.759 12.206 0.04620 0.00677
Uganda 2000/01 43.6 41.3 40.1 41.3 52.7 44.2 0.827 9.100 0.03844 0.00776
Zambia 2001 36.3 30.1 27.7 38.7 40.0 34.9 0.908 3.700 0.03472 0.01008
Zimbabwe 1999 45.4 41.9 46.2 46.6 51.6 46.7 0.880 6.200 0.01158 0.00852
G. ALL COUNTRIES 32.3 33.5 35.7 38.4 42.2 36.8 0.765 9.920 0.05985 0.00874
- 242 -
Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN SEEK CHILDREN'S HEALTH CARE

Cambodia 2000 58.4 62.5 60.2 54.6 45.2 57.3 1.292 13.200 -0.06223 0.01826
Indonesia 2002/03 70.0 77.2 80.8 81.1 86.6 79.1 0.808 16.643 0.03948 0.00179
Philippines 2003 89.7 93.7 94.9 96.1 96.3 94.2 0.931 6.633 0.01654 0.00178

Armenia 2000 84.2 84.4 84.7 89.4 89.8 86.4 0.938 5.600 0.01368 0.00648
Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * * - - na na
Kyrgyzstan 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
Uzbekistan 1996 * * * * * * - - na na
Bolivia 2003 55.4 67.3 73.1 75.8 78.3 69.2 0.708 22.914 0.04828 0.00461
Colombia 2000 96.3 97.5 99.1 98.0 98.6 97.9 0.977 2.300 0.00551 0.00155
Colombia 2005 96.5 98.3 98.1 98.6 98.7 98.0 0.978 2.209 0.00708 0.00112
Haiti 2000 94.0 93.3 94.3 97.4 94.9 94.8 0.991 0.900 0.00617 0.00228
Nicaragua 1997/98 20.0 27.7 32.9 30.7 30.0 27.8 0.667 10.000 0.05649 0.01363
Nicaragua 2001 94.7 98.4 99.2 99.5 99.0 98.0 0.957 4.300 0.01020 0.00150
Peru 2000 93.8 96.5 98.1 97.5 98.5 96.6 0.952 4.700 0.01025 0.00119

Egypt 2000 83.0 87.7 93.6 95.7 96.9 91.6 0.857 13.900 0.03944 0.00240
Morocco 2003/04 52.7 65.6 82.9 86.3 88.5 75.5 0.595 35.802 0.10266 0.00353
Yemen 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
Bangladesh 1999/2000 16.4 13.9 14.6 16.9 23.2 16.7 0.707 6.800 0.08156 0.01877
Bangladesh 2004 19.9 19.0 17.9 21.0 23.4 20.2 0.851 3.489 0.03517 0.01091
Nepal 2001 73.6 72.7 73.0 77.6 85.4 75.8 0.862 11.800 0.02738 0.00445
- 243 -
Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN SEEK CHILDREN'S HEALTH CARE (Cont.)

Benin 2001 72.3 77.7 84.5 86.3 93.2 82.3 0.776 20.900 0.05096 0.00454
Burkina Faso 2003 71.4 71.5 75.4 78.7 85.7 76.4 0.833 14.317 0.04260 0.00331
Cameroon 2004 81.2 82.3 85.5 89.9 91.4 85.9 0.888 10.195 0.02635 0.00298
Ethiopia 2000 31.7 34.1 34.8 40.5 66.3 40.3 0.478 34.600 0.17163 0.00840
Ghana 2003 89.7 93.6 95.8 96.8 98.6 94.8 0.909 8.928 0.02204 0.00241
Malawi 2000 92.8 93.6 95.3 96.3 97.8 95.0 0.949 5.000 0.01033 0.00150
Mali 2001 63.4 64.7 65.7 77.5 83.9 70.7 0.756 20.500 0.06965 0.00432
Mozambique 2003 64.8 75.5 75.1 86.7 87.7 77.0 0.738 22.958 0.05472 0.00333
Nigeria 2003 47.4 49.9 63.1 77.5 89.9 64.8 0.527 42.492 0.12497 0.00568
Rwanda 2000 87.4 93.8 93.1 93.7 96.4 93.3 0.907 9.000 0.01293 0.00218
Tanzania 2004 91.3 92.3 96.0 96.8 97.2 94.7 0.939 5.950 0.01542 0.00172
Uganda 2000/01 44.2 44.0 48.1 49.7 62.8 49.3 0.704 18.600 0.07486 0.00916
Zimbabwe 1999 96.1 95.8 96.8 95.6 96.8 96.2 0.993 0.700 -0.00074 0.00241
- 244 -
Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN MAKE DAILY HOUSEHOLD PURCHASES

Cambodia 2000 78.6 79.4 79.6 72.4 67.0 75.2 1.173 11.600 -0.03692 0.01006
Indonesia 2002/03 95.0 95.8 96.5 97.1 97.2 96.3 0.978 2.159 0.00492 0.00068
Philippines 2003 73.8 72.8 69.0 64.5 56.4 66.3 1.310 17.470 -0.05608 0.00348

Armenia 2000 55.7 54.8 58.9 58.4 60.5 57.9 0.921 4.800 0.02416 0.00633
Kazakhstan 1999 65.8 71.1 70.5 79.4 80.4 74.4 0.818 14.600 0.04425 0.00522

Bolivia 2003 68.7 72.7 71.8 70.4 59.1 68.0 1.163 9.608 -0.03395 0.00307
Colombia 2000 56.3 63.3 64.8 61.6 57.4 60.8 0.981 1.100 0.00178 0.00444
Colombia 2005 55.4 65.0 65.7 64.0 59.2 62.2 0.936 3.786 0.00864 0.00247
Haiti 2000 30.2 32.0 32.4 30.6 23.8 29.2 1.269 6.400 -0.06210 0.00889
Peru 2000 58.2 65.4 67.4 62.2 54.0 61.3 1.078 4.200 -0.02079 0.00291

Egypt 2000 62.3 65.2 67.6 75.6 78.4 70.3 0.795 16.100 0.04961 0.00317
Morocco 2003/04 25.7 30.1 41.3 42.5 45.6 37.7 0.565 19.837 0.10685 0.00561
Bangladesh 1999/2000 58.4 60.8 62.4 64.2 67.3 62.6 0.868 8.900 0.02961 0.00440
Bangladesh 2004 54.8 54.1 54.3 55.4 64.1 56.6 0.854 9.353 0.03495 0.00463
Nepal 2001 43.0 41.0 41.0 40.9 57.5 44.7 0.748 14.500 0.06216 0.00702
- 245 -
Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN MAKE DAILY HOUSEHOLD PURCHASES (Cont.)

Benin 2001 55.3 54.7 56.0 56.1 48.7 53.9 1.136 6.600 -0.03429 0.00700
Burkina Faso 2003 35.8 33.8 34.8 31.9 33.2 33.9 1.079 2.607 -0.03484 0.00733
Cameroon 2004 38.3 41.6 42.4 47.4 47.8 43.9 0.801 9.497 0.03990 0.00661
Ghana 2003 45.2 54.6 52.9 54.7 48.5 51.2 0.931 3.344 0.01241 0.00741
Kenya 2003 45.8 45.7 45.7 45.8 53.4 47.8 0.857 7.669 0.03959 0.00625
Malawi 2000 36.3 28.9 31.0 30.2 42.0 33.9 0.864 5.700 0.02551 0.00734
Mali 2001 26.8 23.8 27.1 25.1 23.7 25.2 1.131 3.100 -0.02313 0.00918
Mozambique 2003 59.7 52.9 54.2 54.4 54.7 55.4 1.092 5.029 -0.00730 0.00469
Nigeria 2003 24.8 24.7 24.2 32.5 42.5 30.2 0.583 17.712 0.08532 0.01038
Rwanda 2000 54.8 49.7 47.8 46.3 44.4 48.0 1.234 10.400 -0.04103 0.00563
Tanzania 2004 41.9 39.8 40.3 48.0 48.4 44.0 0.865 6.560 -0.00435 0.00658
Uganda 2000/01 44.8 43.6 40.5 39.5 44.0 42.5 1.018 0.800 -0.00618 0.00788
Zimbabwe 1999 58.0 54.4 58.1 64.7 60.8 59.6 0.954 2.800 0.01704 0.00620
- 246 -
Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN MAKE LARGE HOUSEHOLD PURCHASES

Cambodia 2000 75.3 76.9 75.9 70.1 63.1 72.1 1.193 12.200 -0.03930 0.01029
Indonesia 2002/03 80.3 80.3 80.1 81.4 83.4 81.1 0.963 3.108 0.01217 0.00152
Philippines 2003 68.2 64.9 62.1 57.4 52.0 60.0 1.311 16.155 -0.05700 0.00400

Armenia 2000 49.0 48.0 55.0 51.5 58.4 52.7 0.839 9.400 0.03870 0.00691
Kazakhstan 1999 61.1 65.1 63.9 74.1 75.3 68.9 0.812 14.188 0.05223 0.00557
Bolivia 2003 59.3 62.4 59.4 60.2 53.8 58.7 1.102 5.510 -0.02293 0.00372
Colombia 2000 50.5 58.6 61.4 58.4 55.4 57.2 0.912 4.900 0.01439 0.00477
Colombia 2005 49.8 59.8 62.0 61.4 57.0 58.5 0.873 7.263 0.02356 0.00266
Haiti 2000 28.3 29.0 28.7 25.9 21.8 26.2 1.298 6.500 -0.06626 0.00967
Nicaragua 1997/98 29.8 33.4 35.7 34.4 34.1 33.7 0.874 4.300 0.02306 0.00709
Nicaragua 2001 41.7 47.8 49.7 53.4 53.1 49.8 0.785 11.400 0.04453 0.00516
Peru 2000 50.2 55.4 60.1 56.9 51.9 55.1 0.967 1.700 -0.00324 0.00328

Egypt 2000 30.9 35.7 43.1 46.2 52.8 42.3 0.585 21.900 0.10555 0.00527
Morocco 2003/04 27.3 32.9 42.8 45.8 50.2 40.5 0.544 22.925 0.11301 0.00529
E. SOUTH ASIA 42.0 41.2 41.4 43.3 51.9 44.0 0.809 9.891 0.05004 0.00530
Bangladesh 1999/2000 56.4 58.8 59.9 61.6 66.9 60.7 0.843 10.500 0.03197 0.00452
Bangladesh 2004 55.0 54.8 53.9 55.8 63.3 56.6 0.868 8.374 0.03060 0.00465
India 1998/99 38.8 38.0 40.4 42.9 47.5 41.6 0.817 8.700 0.05091 0.00237
Nepal 2001 32.2 30.8 29.9 31.3 44.8 33.8 0.719 12.600 0.06861 0.00887
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Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN MAKE LARGE HOUSEHOLD PURCHASES (Cont.)

Benin 2001 28.3 31.2 30.2 33.9 29.9 30.8 0.946 1.600 0.00004 0.01114
Burkina Faso 2003 24.2 21.6 20.8 17.5 23.9 21.7 1.013 0.306 -0.03839 0.01010
Cameroon 2004 29.2 28.7 30.0 33.3 36.3 31.8 0.805 7.061 0.04680 0.00864
Ghana 2003 33.0 46.5 47.7 48.9 45.0 44.6 0.732 12.051 0.06388 0.00835
Kenya 2003 30.1 28.7 30.2 31.1 39.4 32.5 0.764 9.319 0.06370 0.00876
Malawi 2000 25.7 17.5 21.2 18.6 28.3 22.4 0.908 2.600 0.01560 0.01000
Mali 2001 15.1 13.2 18.5 17.3 18.0 16.5 0.839 2.900 0.04547 0.01219
Mozambique 2003 40.8 36.6 36.9 36.6 37.9 37.9 1.077 2.916 -0.00692 0.00666
Nigeria 2003 17.5 16.1 16.8 23.0 26.8 20.3 0.653 9.286 0.07686 0.01378
Rwanda 2000 50.5 47.6 44.6 42.0 41.2 44.6 1.226 9.300 -0.04798 0.00604
Tanzania 2004 31.7 30.0 31.2 35.3 36.0 33.0 0.879 4.348 -0.00794 0.00815
Uganda 2000/01 38.7 39.0 36.4 33.9 36.8 36.9 1.052 1.900 -0.01818 0.00900
Zambia 2001 35.8 34.1 33.1 38.2 35.1 35.3 1.020 0.700 0.00784 0.00929
Zimbabwe 1994 69.3 67.5 65.9 67.9 62.4 66.3 1.111 6.900 -0.02369 0.00556
Zimbabwe 1999 43.4 41.3 44.4 50.6 49.2 46.3 0.882 5.800 0.02917 0.00849
G. ALL COUNTRIES 41.4 42.2 43.4 44.4 46.0 43.7 0.899 4.671 0.02004 0.00724
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Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN MAKE MEAL-RELATED DECISIONS

Indonesia 2002/03 89.0 90.2 90.9 90.8 87.4 89.7 1.018 1.577 -0.00439 0.00123
Philippines 2003 60.1 58.4 52.6 47.9 38.8 50.3 1.550 21.324 -0.08831 0.00479

Armenia 2000 58.3 53.5 55.3 54.4 52.2 54.6 1.117 6.100 -0.01920 0.00668
Kazakhstan 1999 67.7 67.6 65.8 71.5 71.8 69.2 0.943 4.100 0.02593 0.00568
Bolivia 2003 68.7 67.3 66.4 62.7 50.0 62.0 1.375 18.732 -0.06059 0.00346
Colombia 2000 60.3 58.8 54.2 48.1 45.1 52.5 1.337 15.200 -0.05993 0.00513
Colombia 2005 58.8 58.9 54.7 50.1 44.7 52.8 1.315 14.101 -0.04981 0.00294
Haiti 2000 29.4 29.5 32.1 28.6 22.2 27.7 1.324 7.200 -0.06500 0.00925
Nicaragua 1997/98 32.3 29.0 30.6 24.8 26.2 28.2 1.233 6.100 -0.05930 0.00812
Nicaragua 2001 52.4 53.6 53.5 53.1 46.9 51.6 1.117 5.500 -0.02575 0.00501
Peru 2000 64.7 62.2 55.3 49.1 38.0 52.3 1.703 26.700 -0.09357 0.00334

Egypt 2000 64.1 60.3 64.1 70.7 71.1 66.3 0.902 7.000 0.02119 0.00339
Morocco 2003/04 41.8 39.9 44.0 38.9 38.4 40.5 1.090 3.461 -0.01896 0.00537
E. SOUTH ASIA 76.2 74.8 69.8 69.7 68.6 71.8 1.112 7.661 -0.02434 0.00286
Bangladesh 1999/2000 73.2 68.5 63.6 60.5 62.4 65.7 1.173 10.800 -0.03280 0.00407
Bangladesh 2004 79.2 79.5 69.9 70.5 67.0 73.2 1.183 12.282 -0.03491 0.00319
India 1998/99 75.8 72.6 71.6 69.6 66.4 71.2 1.142 9.400 -0.03096 0.00132
Nepal 2001 73.6 72.3 67.9 68.9 72.3 71.1 1.018 1.300 -0.00714 0.00407
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Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN MAKE MEAL-RELATED DECISIONS (Cont.)

Benin 2001 46.0 44.3 45.5 49.0 41.6 45.1 1.106 4.400 -0.02609 0.00822
Burkina Faso 2003 56.0 56.3 53.4 51.3 40.7 51.0 1.377 15.312 -0.06840 0.00511
Cameroon 2004 55.3 50.5 51.1 48.7 48.0 50.5 1.153 7.342 -0.03695 0.00578
Ghana 2003 34.2 37.5 36.8 37.1 30.8 35.0 1.111 3.417 -0.02294 0.01014
Kenya 2003 61.7 59.3 58.5 57.0 62.6 59.9 0.986 0.891 -0.00943 0.00502
Malawi 2000 48.0 39.9 41.4 39.2 39.5 41.7 1.215 8.500 -0.04456 0.00606
Mali 2001 50.8 46.9 49.4 44.1 40.2 46.0 1.264 10.600 -0.05174 0.00582
Mozambique 2003 66.7 65.6 66.4 59.6 51.9 61.8 1.286 14.832 -0.05949 0.00420
Nigeria 2003 27.7 26.7 29.1 31.1 31.5 29.3 0.882 3.719 0.03155 0.01069
Rwanda 2000 56.0 58.4 52.2 53.5 46.8 53.2 1.197 9.200 -0.04868 0.00510
Tanzania 2004 57.3 57.3 54.5 57.4 54.3 56.0 1.054 2.948 -0.03740 0.00516
Uganda 2000/01 69.0 65.3 69.5 68.1 64.4 67.1 1.071 4.600 -0.02443 0.00497
Zimbabwe 1999 66.6 60.8 62.5 69.2 63.2 64.6 1.054 3.400 -0.00656 0.00570
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Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN TRAVEL TO VISIT FAMILY, RELATIVES

Cambodia 2000 24.4 20.9 21.0 20.8 21.5 21.7 1.135 2.900 -0.05008 0.02022
Indonesia 2002/03 17.8 16.4 16.1 15.4 15.3 16.2 1.162 2.478 -0.01749 0.00743
Philippines 2003 26.3 28.8 31.3 29.3 32.7 30.0 0.804 6.418 0.04426 0.00767

Armenia 2000 16.5 15.4 17.6 18.7 18.3 17.4 0.902 1.800 0.02306 0.01533
Kazakhstan 1999 15.5 19.3 24.1 35.3 36.4 27.7 0.426 20.900 0.20359 0.01359
Bolivia 2003 20.9 27.2 29.7 33.4 40.9 31.6 0.510 20.046 0.10932 0.00654
Colombia 2000 30.1 38.1 43.6 44.6 39.8 39.9 0.756 9.700 0.04961 0.00666
Colombia 2005 31.3 42.5 43.4 41.5 36.7 39.5 0.852 5.444 0.02992 0.00392
Haiti 2000 23.0 20.7 21.4 28.6 24.9 24.1 0.924 1.900 0.03629 0.01064
Nicaragua 2001 16.8 21.0 25.2 28.3 28.5 24.7 0.589 11.700 0.09292 0.00902
Peru 2000 23.2 29.5 36.3 38.2 38.1 34.0 0.609 14.900 0.09738 0.00503

Egypt 2000 18.1 16.4 16.7 16.3 16.5 16.8 1.097 1.600 -0.01349 0.01045
Morocco 2003/04 6.7 7.5 11.0 12.8 11.6 10.1 0.582 4.844 0.11093 0.01278
E. SOUTH ASIA 18.4 15.9 17.2 18.5 25.5 19.1 0.721 7.112 0.07229 0.01038
Bangladesh 1999/2000 14.8 11.9 12.2 13.1 16.7 13.8 0.886 1.900 0.03690 0.01459
Bangladesh 2004 16.3 14.5 14.1 14.3 19.0 15.6 0.861 2.637 0.03112 0.01303
India 1998/99 19.4 18.7 22.9 25.9 34.9 24.4 0.556 15.500 0.14247 0.00357
Nepal 2001 19.4 14.5 14.7 15.4 22.6 17.4 0.858 3.200 0.04327 0.01454
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Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN TRAVEL TO VISIT FAMILY, RELATIVES (Cont.)

Benin 2001 15.6 17.6 15.6 23.1 22.8 19.3 0.684 7.200 0.07528 0.01534
Burkina Faso 2003 16.1 15.8 14.3 13.6 24.5 17.2 0.656 8.430 0.05084 0.01207
Cameroon 2004 14.5 19.7 25.6 28.4 31.4 24.6 0.462 16.926 0.12700 0.01028
Ghana 2003 16.2 21.0 26.9 30.2 24.4 24.2 0.663 8.219 0.09782 0.01253
Kenya 2003 23.2 22.4 24.8 24.2 35.6 26.8 0.653 12.338 0.09635 0.01049
Malawi 2000 30.9 20.3 24.6 21.4 22.4 24.1 1.379 8.500 -0.06903 0.00928
Mali 2001 15.8 14.6 18.9 22.1 23.5 19.2 0.672 7.700 0.09567 0.01140
Mozambique 2003 25.0 26.5 25.7 29.0 28.3 26.9 0.882 3.333 0.01305 0.00888
Nigeria 2003 20.5 18.2 19.2 19.1 19.5 19.3 1.055 1.067 -0.01202 0.01439
Rwanda 2000 32.8 33.9 27.4 27.1 27.9 29.6 1.176 4.900 -0.03533 0.00855
Tanzania 2004 17.1 14.8 16.0 18.8 24.1 18.6 0.711 6.952 0.05739 0.01261
Uganda 2000/01 29.4 31.7 27.0 25.1 30.9 28.9 0.951 1.500 -0.01013 0.01089
Zambia 2001 29.6 24.7 23.8 27.9 26.5 26.5 1.117 3.100 -0.00425 0.01185
Zimbabwe 1999 30.8 29.8 31.8 31.0 35.7 32.1 0.863 4.900 0.01103 0.01149
G. ALL COUNTRIES 20.7 21.1 22.6 24.3 26.7 23.4 0.775 5.998 0.04749 0.01082
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Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN DECIDE HOW TO SPEND OWN MONEY

Cambodia 2000 44.0 46.9 44.6 45.3 53.8 48.5 0.818 9.800 0.04246 0.00818
Indonesia 1997 46.8 50.0 52.8 54.1 50.7 50.6 0.923 3.900 0.02593 0.00442
Indonesia 2002/03 66.9 70.0 70.2 70.6 66.6 68.8 1.004 0.247 0.00151 0.00379
Philippines 1998 42.1 54.7 61.5 63.2 70.3 61.1 0.599 28.200 0.08698 0.00526
Philippines 2003 60.9 68.2 70.7 71.6 78.9 71.9 0.772 17.988 0.04951 0.00461
Vietnam 1997 17.7 22.5 23.3 23.6 35.1 24.3 0.504 17.400 0.10899 0.01447
Vietnam 2002 * * * * * * - - na na
Armenia 2000 36.8 45.3 50.2 54.0 52.8 50.2 0.697 16.000 0.04412 0.01600
Kazakhstan 1995 39.3 34.5 40.1 42.8 48.5 42.2 0.810 9.200 0.06711 0.01316
Kazakhstan 1999 49.0 48.7 58.0 64.4 64.1 60.1 0.764 15.100 0.05917 0.01102
Kyrgyzstan 1997 11.5 17.7 20.4 31.2 40.9 26.3 0.281 29.400 0.22934 0.02092
Turkey 1998 25.2 37.5 59.4 59.6 55.9 51.5 0.451 30.700 0.07130 0.01360
Uzbekistan 1996 14.0 18.0 21.4 22.0 42.0 24.4 0.333 28.000 0.24430 0.02063
Bolivia 1998 20.1 40.6 55.4 60.8 63.5 51.3 0.317 43.400 0.15093 0.00689
Bolivia 2003 51.7 60.5 70.2 74.6 76.7 70.3 0.674 24.997 0.04537 0.00375
Brazil 1996 57.7 72.6 71.9 76.0 78.0 72.4 0.740 20.300 0.04076 0.00432
Colombia 1995 66.9 75.5 77.1 79.2 81.7 77.7 0.818 14.844 0.02519 0.00407
Colombia 2000 83.6 87.3 88.4 89.1 90.2 88.4 0.927 6.600 0.01038 0.00262
Colombia 2005 87.2 89.7 91.7 91.3 90.3 90.3 0.966 3.099 0.00590 0.00120
Guatemala 1995 45.3 58.0 63.1 71.6 71.7 66.5 0.632 26.395 0.04995 0.00633
Guatemala 1998/99 * * * * * * - - na na
Haiti 2000 80.4 84.0 81.4 90.4 88.0 85.3 0.914 7.600 0.02238 0.00353
Nicaragua 1997/98 64.5 78.2 80.1 75.7 73.5 75.3 0.878 9.000 0.00160 0.00479
Nicaragua 2001 78.0 86.6 89.4 91.4 90.6 89.2 0.861 12.600 0.01388 0.00307
Paraguay 1990 * * * * * * - - na na
Peru 1996 45.6 57.1 60.1 66.4 72.0 63.7 0.633 26.400 0.05845 0.00348
Peru 2000 60.1 71.0 78.0 81.4 85.7 79.0 0.701 25.600 0.04965 0.00282
D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 45.5 48.5 50.7 52.1 52.3 51.2 0.870 6.796 na na
Egypt 1995 56.8 43.0 40.0 37.9 38.6 41.1 1.470 18.159 -0.06209 0.01446
Egypt 2000 38.6 42.8 39.2 41.8 43.7 42.2 0.883 5.100 0.00219 0.01398
Jordan 1997 42.6 32.9 36.4 32.6 34.9 35.5 1.221 7.700 na na
Morocco 1992 * * * * * * - - na na
Morocco 2003/04 55.4 69.9 76.5 82.0 78.4 75.8 0.707 22.987 0.03688 0.00620
Yemen 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
E. SOUTH ASIA 42.6 40.8 37.6 47.1 53.3 43.8 0.800 10.661 0.07344 0.01262
Bangladesh 2004 46.4 42.6 40.6 54.1 55.0 47.0 0.842 8.683 0.04039 0.01248
India 1992/93 * * * * * * - - na na
India 1998/99 38.1 34.6 37.9 50.8 56.2 41.2 0.678 18.100 0.10840 0.00460
Nepal 1996 33.3 36.0 39.9 29.5 45.8 39.0 0.727 12.500 0.06052 0.02396
Nepal 2001 43.4 45.3 34.4 36.5 48.6 43.1 0.893 5.200 0.07153 0.02077
Pakistan 1990/91 * * * * * * - - na na
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Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN DECIDE HOW TO SPEND OWN MONEY (Cont.)

Benin 1996 82.1 81.8 80.0 80.8 86.8 82.3 0.946 4.689 0.00599 0.00402
Benin 2001 71.2 72.6 79.6 86.1 89.4 80.2 0.796 18.200 0.05057 0.00428
Burkina Faso 2003 90.4 84.9 85.9 89.6 86.5 87.0 1.046 3.944 0.00056 0.00457
Cameroon 2004 64.9 68.4 71.5 74.6 77.2 71.7 0.841 12.303 0.03963 0.00547
Chad 1996/97 41.6 49.2 54.9 68.2 84.3 58.0 0.493 42.700 0.14967 0.00646
Chad 2004 47.1 50.2 54.6 56.6 85.6 60.5 0.550 38.504 0.15224 0.00830
Comoros 1996 59.2 46.1 52.7 51.3 61.5 54.2 0.963 2.300 0.01367 0.01905
Eritrea 1995 * * (42.2) 73.3 76.3 71.4 - - 0.03301 0.01429
Ethiopia 2000 67.8 74.8 76.6 76.9 74.9 74.8 0.905 7.100 0.05099 0.00491
Gabon 2000 77.3 86.0 84.5 84.7 77.2 82.2 1.001 0.100 -0.00214 0.00631
Ghana 2003 70.2 63.9 74.6 75.7 78.3 73.1 0.897 8.092 0.03206 0.00551
Kenya 1998 33.8 36.8 45.4 45.3 56.9 44.5 0.594 23.100 0.09879 0.01048
Kenya 2003 62.6 63.3 63.9 60.2 74.0 66.3 0.846 11.372 0.04772 0.00631
Madagascar 1997 16.9 20.5 23.2 22.4 45.1 25.3 0.375 28.200 0.22992 0.01365
Malawi 2000 41.3 37.9 49.8 52.9 64.2 51.0 0.643 22.900 0.09315 0.00973
Mali 1995/96 69.9 77.5 78.6 82.8 87.5 80.5 0.799 17.624 0.03639 0.00472
Mali 2001 82.6 82.5 84.4 84.3 86.6 84.4 0.954 4.000 0.01238 0.00326
Mauritania 2000/01 64.1 65.5 82.3 82.2 88.1 79.2 0.728 24.000 0.04929 0.00707
Mozambique 1997 2.5 2.2 2.4 10.7 36.1 8.7 0.069 33.600 0.93893 0.03481
Mozambique 2003 35.5 42.8 41.4 71.4 70.9 61.4 0.501 35.384 0.10470 0.01001
Namibia 2000 41.9 66.3 61.5 66.5 68.0 64.1 0.616 26.100 0.01590 0.00967
Niger 1998 51.9 53.7 57.7 61.9 75.6 59.5 0.687 23.700 0.07490 0.00676
Nigeria 2003 66.9 71.8 76.0 74.3 76.5 73.5 0.875 9.578 0.02717 0.00572
Rwanda 2000 42.3 49.3 47.0 46.2 67.2 54.4 0.629 24.900 0.12142 0.01108
South Africa 1998 77.5 69.0 66.1 65.5 60.5 65.3 1.281 17.000 -0.03140 0.00661
Tanzania 1996 * * * * * * - - na na
Tanzania 2004 34.2 34.3 47.5 61.8 78.6 61.6 0.435 44.403 0.14618 0.00873
Togo 1998 81.8 85.8 90.5 90.0 88.3 87.6 0.926 6.500 0.00701 0.00302
Uganda 1995 60.4 62.6 55.0 61.2 78.4 65.2 0.770 17.985 0.08420 0.00892
Uganda 2000/01 49.5 46.7 53.4 61.5 82.1 60.4 0.603 32.600 0.13120 0.00707
Zambia 1996 38.1 49.4 55.3 68.5 67.9 57.6 0.561 29.800 0.11493 0.00885
Zambia 2001 45.3 30.7 44.2 71.0 66.7 55.5 0.679 21.400 0.13412 0.01042
Zimbabwe 1994 46.4 45.2 51.5 58.5 65.9 56.1 0.704 19.500 0.07905 0.00999
Zimbabwe 1999 49.7 52.0 63.4 65.4 71.6 62.9 0.694 21.900 0.05471 0.00889
G. ALL COUNTRIES 54.0 56.6 60.2 65.1 70.0 62.9 0.771 16.055 0.06202 0.00836
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Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN DECIDE WHETHER TO HAVE SEX

Cambodia 2000 67.9 67.4 73.5 67.4 69.6 69.2 0.976 1.700 0.02901 0.01094
Indonesia 2002/03 89.7 92.2 93.6 94.2 95.8 93.1 0.936 6.099 0.01522 0.00093
Philippines 2003 96.1 96.4 97.0 97.1 97.3 96.8 0.988 1.120 0.00195 0.00093

Armenia 2000 89.0 88.5 91.1 91.9 94.5 91.2 0.942 5.500 0.01836 0.00221
Kazakhstan 1999 92.7 94.3 94.8 95.8 97.5 95.3 0.951 4.800 0.01127 0.00242
Bolivia 2003 94.1 96.4 97.4 97.8 98.4 97.1 0.956 4.292 0.00649 0.00080
Colombia 2000 98.0 99.0 99.7 99.6 99.5 99.2 0.985 1.500 0.00259 0.00059
Colombia 2005 97.5 99.1 99.3 99.6 99.4 99.1 0.980 1.957 0.00441 0.00039
Haiti 2000 87.2 83.9 90.8 95.0 96.8 91.6 0.901 9.600 0.01381 0.00170
Nicaragua 1997/98 67.0 65.9 62.8 57.8 53.7 60.7 1.248 13.300 -0.05299 0.00423
Nicaragua 2001 92.3 95.4 95.8 97.6 98.1 96.2 0.941 5.800 0.00974 0.00115
Peru 2000 88.6 95.1 98.5 99.0 99.2 96.7 0.893 10.600 0.01782 0.00077

Morocco 2003/04 59.4 60.1 58.6 52.8 52.2 56.4 1.137 7.151 -0.02915 0.00391
Nepal 2001 98.7 98.8 98.7 99.2 98.8 98.8 0.999 0.100 -0.00251 0.00107
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Status of Women
WOMEN WHO CAN DECIDE WHETHER TO HAVE SEX (Cont.)

Benin 2001 91.6 94.3 96.0 95.1 95.6 94.6 0.958 4.000 0.00763 0.00194
Burkina Faso 2003 92.1 93.4 92.2 93.5 91.8 92.5 1.003 0.298 -0.00178 0.00147
Cameroon 2004 86.4 85.5 84.5 84.7 81.5 84.4 1.061 4.954 -0.01238 0.00257
Chad 2004 81.8 88.2 84.1 81.8 75.9 82.4 1.077 5.820 -0.02165 0.00342
Ghana 2003 92.9 90.3 90.6 92.0 95.0 92.4 0.978 2.045 0.00723 0.00198
Kenya 2003 89.6 90.5 91.6 93.9 96.7 92.9 0.927 7.082 0.01936 0.00178
Malawi 2000 70.2 71.9 71.9 72.5 60.7 69.3 1.157 9.500 -0.02529 0.00355
Mali 2001 72.7 75.4 73.5 73.1 75.5 74.1 0.963 2.800 0.01019 0.00309
Mozambique 2003 88.3 88.5 90.2 92.0 94.0 90.7 0.939 5.710 0.01305 0.00153
Namibia 2000 83.9 77.5 83.3 91.8 93.2 86.7 0.900 9.300 0.02873 0.00264
Nigeria 2003 85.9 87.5 86.0 89.0 90.1 87.8 0.954 4.155 0.01350 0.00262
Rwanda 2000 91.4 93.1 91.3 93.0 92.5 92.4 0.988 1.100 -0.00338 0.00179
Tanzania 2004 92.4 94.0 94.1 93.7 95.6 94.1 0.966 3.219 0.00556 0.00153
Uganda 2000/01 94.9 94.3 96.4 96.4 97.3 95.9 0.975 2.400 -0.00250 0.00227
Zambia 2001 93.6 93.8 92.9 94.1 95.7 94.1 0.978 2.100 0.00136 0.00162
Zimbabwe 1999 87.7 88.6 88.5 87.8 92.2 89.1 0.951 4.500 0.00556 0.00243
G. ALL COUNTRIES 87.4 88.1 88.9 89.6 90.3 89.0 0.968 2.898 0.00497 0.00221
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Status of Women
WOMEN WHO JUSTIFY DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Cambodia 2000 40.5 36.9 37.3 36.0 25.5 35.0 1.588 15.000 -0.05020 0.01383
Indonesia 2002/03 31.5 27.6 25.3 22.9 16.5 24.8 1.911 15.028 -0.13754 0.00571
Philippines 2003 39.4 29.0 23.7 19.7 15.1 24.1 2.612 24.302 -0.19728 0.00895
Armenia 2000 56.8 43.4 29.6 23.7 15.2 32.3 3.737 41.600 -0.25371 0.01010
Kazakhstan 1999 51.6 39.4 36.5 21.2 13.9 30.1 3.712 37.700 -0.21895 0.01121
Turkey 1993 77.3 71.0 58.7 37.1 19.4 50.1 3.985 57.900 -0.25540 0.00632
Turkey 1998 72.8 66.5 51.7 38.2 16.1 46.9 4.522 56.700 -0.24139 0.00606

Bolivia 2003 28.1 27.2 26.8 20.9 12.3 22.1 2.279 15.755 -0.16147 0.00805
Haiti 2000 52.4 46.9 46.6 39.5 24.1 39.9 2.174 28.300 -0.14088 0.00695
Nicaragua 1997/98 31.4 27.2 20.8 16.5 12.0 20.5 2.617 19.400 -0.22328 0.00951
Nicaragua 2001 22.1 17.4 12.9 9.8 5.4 12.5 4.093 16.700 -0.26671 0.01338

Morocco 2003/04 86.9 79.9 67.4 54.1 38.3 63.9 2.271 48.615 -0.14731 0.00301
India 1998/99 62.0 62.1 63.5 57.0 39.1 56.7 1.586 22.900 -0.10119 0.00176
Nepal 2001 28.0 30.3 28.7 27.4 29.6 28.8 0.946 1.600 0.00121 0.00965
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Status of Women
WOMEN WHO JUSTIFY DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (Cont.)

Benin 2001 68.4 71.7 69.6 61.2 38.7 60.4 1.767 29.700 -0.11273 0.00617
Burkina Faso 2003 71.9 71.0 74.9 78.3 61.8 71.1 1.165 10.169 -0.02429 0.00347
Cameroon 2004 57.5 63.0 61.4 55.5 44.5 55.6 1.292 12.979 -0.05237 0.00537
Ethiopia 2000 86.5 89.4 89.8 88.0 72.1 84.5 1.200 14.400 -0.06505 0.00236
Ghana 2003 67.2 55.2 49.6 46.6 32.7 48.5 2.054 34.475 -0.15702 0.00720
Kenya 2003 80.0 75.6 72.9 69.1 50.4 67.9 1.586 29.545 -0.09721 0.00433
Malawi 2000 39.7 38.0 39.5 35.8 25.6 35.7 1.551 14.100 -0.06844 0.00676
Mali 2001 88.9 90.9 90.2 90.6 84.2 88.8 1.056 4.700 -0.00857 0.00210
Mozambique 2003 53.3 59.2 59.0 57.2 44.6 54.1 1.193 8.630 -0.04194 0.00498
Nigeria 2003 74.5 75.8 68.5 62.6 43.8 64.2 1.699 30.636 -0.08753 0.00516
Rwanda 2000 66.1 70.0 66.5 64.1 51.6 63.3 1.281 14.500 -0.06459 0.00421
Tanzania 2004 65.3 65.4 62.6 59.1 49.3 59.6 1.324 15.975 -0.07384 0.00495
Uganda 2000/01 80.9 81.8 79.3 75.6 67.0 76.5 1.207 13.900 -0.05397 0.00409
Zambia 2001 86.4 88.2 90.7 86.7 76.6 85.4 1.128 9.800 -0.02920 0.00321
Zimbabwe 1999 62.8 60.1 55.7 47.1 36.4 51.0 1.725 26.400 -0.12474 0.00728
G. ALL COUNTRIES 58.7 56.1 53.2 48.5 37.0 49.8 1.587 21.686 na na
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PATERNAL ORPHAN PREVALENCE

Cambodia 2000 7.7 7.8 5.2 4.6 4.6 6.1 1.674 3.100 -0.13794 0.01430
Indonesia 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
Indonesia 2002/03 3.0 2.7 2.1 2.2 1.7 2.4 1.734 1.262 -0.13263 0.01924
Armenia 2000 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.6 3.2 3.3 1.094 0.300 -0.01997 0.03989
Kazakhstan 1995 4.8 3.3 2.4 3.0 3.8 3.5 1.263 1.000 0.00886 0.05120
Kazakhstan 1999 5.4 3.5 4.5 3.4 5.0 4.4 1.080 0.400 -0.01283 0.04163
Kyrgyzstan 1997 2.5 4.5 1.2 2.5 3.7 2.8 0.676 1.200 0.03627 0.04561
Turkey 1993 4.1 2.2 3.1 1.1 1.1 2.4 3.727 3.000 -0.22857 0.04022
Turkey 1998 4.0 1.9 2.2 0.9 1.2 2.2 3.333 2.800 -0.25264 0.04628
Uzbekistan 1996 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.5 3.5 2.0 0.629 1.300 0.09313 0.06080
Bolivia 1998 3.3 4.4 3.2 2.6 2.9 3.3 1.138 0.400 -0.03926 0.02261
Bolivia 2003 3.8 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.9 1.585 1.396 -0.10881 0.02174
Brazil 1996 5.6 4.5 4.0 3.4 3.5 4.3 1.600 2.100 -0.08300 0.02164
Colombia 2000 5.0 4.6 4.3 4.7 4.0 4.6 1.250 1.000 -0.01416 0.02272
Colombia 2005 4.8 5.7 4.9 4.5 3.8 4.8 1.269 1.008 -0.03040 0.01320
Guatemala 1995 4.2 4.8 4.7 4.4 2.9 4.3 1.448 1.300 0.00674 0.01794
Guatemala 1998/99 2.8 4.6 6.3 5.1 2.8 4.3 1.000 0.000 0.04065 0.02688
Haiti 1994/95 5.5 6.5 7.7 9.3 10.8 7.8 0.509 5.300 0.14700 0.02083
Haiti 2000 6.8 6.4 5.8 9.1 7.8 7.1 0.872 1.000 0.08702 0.01665
Nicaragua 1997/98 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.6 2.1 3.4 1.762 1.600 -0.06817 0.01940
Nicaragua 2001 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.9 2.5 3.5 1.440 1.100 -0.01853 0.02176
Peru 1996 3.9 3.8 2.6 3.0 2.1 3.2 1.857 1.800 -0.14809 0.01459
Peru 2000 4.8 3.1 2.9 2.3 1.7 3.2 2.824 3.100 -0.17649 0.01770
Egypt 2000 4.6 4.3 3.6 3.3 2.1 3.7 2.190 2.500 -0.12062 0.01800
Jordan 1997 2.6 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.733 1.100 -0.12649 0.02211
Morocco 1992 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.2 2.1 2.8 1.333 0.700 -0.02192 0.02860
Yemen 1997 3.9 3.3 2.7 2.8 2.6 3.1 1.500 1.300 -0.08590 0.02123
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Orphanhood
PATERNAL ORPHAN PREVALENCE (Cont.)

Benin 1996 4.2 4.1 3.7 5.8 4.9 4.5 0.857 0.700 0.04482 0.02552
Benin 2001 4.7 4.7 4.9 4.5 5.7 4.8 0.825 1.000 0.02819 0.02399
Burkina Faso 1992/93 3.0 6.1 4.7 6.8 7.0 5.6 0.433 3.959 0.10454 0.01684
Burkina Faso 2003 5.5 4.9 3.8 5.0 7.6 5.2 0.715 2.171 0.05727 0.01622
Cameroon 1991 4.7 4.9 4.0 6.4 4.6 4.9 1.022 0.100 -0.00111 0.02562
Cameroon 1998 6.3 6.7 7.8 7.6 5.1 6.7 1.235 1.200 -0.02088 0.02026
Cameroon 2004 5.3 6.1 8.5 7.3 6.3 6.7 0.842 0.987 0.03460 0.01514
Chad 1996/97 4.4 6.0 4.8 6.4 5.3 5.5 0.830 0.900 0.03541 0.01800
Chad 2004 4.2 5.7 4.8 3.3 7.6 5.1 0.554 3.389 0.13587 0.02005
Comoros 1996 3.4 2.0 3.7 4.1 2.8 3.2 1.214 0.600 0.03988 0.04382
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 4.5 4.1 4.7 4.3 4.9 4.5 0.918 0.400 0.02162 0.02127
Eritrea 1995 5.4 7.6 10.4 9.3 7.5 7.9 0.720 2.100 0.09238 0.01762
Ethiopia 2000 4.8 6.8 8.5 7.2 9.8 7.3 0.490 5.000 0.14468 0.01397
Gabon 2000 5.6 4.0 2.7 3.9 3.1 3.8 1.806 2.500 -0.13802 0.02814
Ghana 1993 5.0 6.9 4.7 4.8 4.6 5.2 1.087 0.400 -0.05440 0.02563
Ghana 1998 3.9 4.8 4.2 4.4 2.4 4.0 1.625 1.500 -0.04622 0.02981
Ghana 2003 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.5 3.7 4.9 1.348 1.292 -0.03203 0.02394
Guinea 1999 5.4 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.8 0.900 0.600 0.01885 0.01922
Kenya 1993 7.5 5.3 5.3 4.6 3.9 5.4 1.940 3.646 -0.11942 0.01891
Kenya 1998 8.2 7.9 7.8 6.6 6.3 7.4 1.302 1.900 -0.07286 0.01756
Kenya 2003 9.7 10.0 9.6 9.0 7.2 9.3 1.357 2.559 -0.02829 0.01449
Madagascar 1997 5.9 5.9 6.0 4.8 4.0 5.4 1.475 1.900 -0.06258 0.01935
Malawi 1992 8.4 5.9 5.0 4.4 4.6 5.7 1.826 3.800 -0.14595 0.02359
Malawi 2000 8.9 6.5 7.7 8.4 10.5 8.3 0.848 1.600 0.03442 0.01231
Mali 1995/96 3.8 3.6 3.4 4.1 4.4 3.9 0.864 0.600 0.05233 0.02165
Mali 2001 2.5 3.0 4.1 4.1 5.3 3.7 0.472 2.800 0.13392 0.01824
Mauritania 2000/01 6.2 5.0 5.4 4.6 3.4 5.0 1.824 2.800 -0.13782 0.02291
Mozambique 1997 9.1 9.4 5.4 8.5 6.0 7.7 1.517 3.100 -0.09300 0.01526
Mozambique 2003 5.8 7.9 7.1 8.1 8.1 7.3 0.717 2.284 0.04021 0.01233
Namibia 1992 5.7 6.0 5.7 4.7 4.9 5.4 1.163 0.800 -0.03910 0.02327
Namibia 2000 11.0 10.2 8.6 6.4 5.7 8.7 1.930 5.300 -0.11668 0.01607
Niger 1998 3.0 2.9 3.4 4.3 4.3 3.6 0.698 1.300 0.09916 0.02333
Nigeria 2003 3.3 3.3 5.7 5.5 3.1 4.2 1.065 0.205 0.03954 0.02445
Rwanda 2000 25.4 25.8 21.0 19.1 23.1 22.7 1.100 2.300 -0.02601 0.00746
South Africa 1998 10.2 8.5 8.7 7.3 6.5 8.5 1.569 3.700 -0.09629 0.01438
Tanzania 1996 6.6 7.5 5.4 4.8 6.4 6.2 1.031 0.200 -0.06280 0.01731
Tanzania 1999 7.3 6.1 7.7 5.3 5.3 6.4 1.377 2.000 -0.01721 0.02230
Tanzania 2004 6.9 5.4 6.1 5.6 6.9 6.2 0.996 0.026 -0.01383 0.01686
Togo 1998 5.5 7.6 6.5 7.6 5.9 6.6 0.932 0.400 0.01244 0.01578
Uganda 1995 11.0 9.7 8.7 8.9 10.7 9.8 1.028 0.300 -0.02102 0.01440
Uganda 2000/01 8.9 8.6 9.3 10.1 11.3 9.6 0.788 2.400 0.05320 0.01396
Zambia 1996 7.0 9.5 9.4 9.3 9.2 8.8 0.761 2.200 0.05267 0.01414
Zambia 2001 12.3 10.1 10.2 13.6 12.3 11.7 1.000 0.000 0.02833 0.01340
Zimbabwe 1994 7.8 8.4 7.6 5.7 5.1 7.1 1.529 2.700 -0.06973 0.01784
Zimbabwe 1999 12.4 12.1 14.9 8.2 7.3 11.4 1.699 5.100 -0.07519 0.01440
G. ALL COUNTRIES 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.7 1.072 0.399 -0.01933 0.02196
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Orphanhood
MATERNAL ORPHAN PREVALENCE

Cambodia 2000 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.563 0.900 -0.11002 0.02646
Indonesia 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
Indonesia 2002/03 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.5 1.0 2.090 0.563 -0.09652 0.02785
Armenia 2000 0.1 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.167 0.500 0.18913 0.07468
Kazakhstan 1995 1.1 0.4 1.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.375 0.300 -0.07949 0.10011
Kazakhstan 1999 0.9 0.8 1.7 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.818 0.200 0.01400 0.06813
Kyrgyzstan 1997 0.3 0.2 1.0 1.2 0.3 0.6 1.000 0.000 0.06786 0.10133
Turkey 1993 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.7 3.500 0.500 -0.11113 0.06984
Turkey 1998 1.0 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.250 0.200 -0.10221 0.06280
Uzbekistan 1996 0.8 1.2 0.1 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.727 0.300 -0.05662 0.09785
Bolivia 1998 2.1 2.3 1.8 1.1 1.2 1.8 1.750 0.900 -0.10065 0.02883
Bolivia 2003 2.4 2.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.8 2.012 1.225 -0.12088 0.02771
Brazil 1996 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.250 0.300 -0.01222 0.03434
Colombia 1995 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.273 0.300 -0.04448 0.04590
Colombia 2000 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.769 0.300 0.05512 0.05148
Colombia 2005 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.252 0.220 -0.07182 0.03170
Guatemala 1995 1.8 2.8 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.385 0.500 -0.09946 0.02667
Guatemala 1998/99 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.9 1.615 0.800 -0.06878 0.04261
Haiti 1994/95 4.1 4.9 3.7 4.6 6.4 4.7 0.641 2.300 0.06396 0.02764
Haiti 2000 3.3 3.0 5.7 3.4 3.8 3.8 0.868 0.500 0.11088 0.02201
Nicaragua 1997/98 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.714 0.500 -0.10921 0.03457
Nicaragua 2001 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.111 0.100 0.03440 0.04020
Peru 1996 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.5 2.2 2.0 1.045 0.100 -0.05045 0.01820
Peru 2000 2.4 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.5 2.182 1.300 -0.20338 0.02618
Egypt 2000 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.714 0.500 -0.09375 0.03737
Jordan 1997 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.625 0.300 -0.11046 0.04061
Morocco 1992 2.2 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.158 0.300 -0.03767 0.03517
Yemen 1997 2.2 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.571 0.800 -0.09380 0.02705
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Orphanhood
MATERNAL ORPHAN PREVALENCE (Cont.)

Benin 1996 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.8 1.8 2.4 1.556 1.000 -0.04352 0.03429
Benin 2001 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.176 0.300 0.00977 0.03602
Burkina Faso 1992/93 1.8 3.1 4.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 0.539 1.545 0.05896 0.02156
Burkina Faso 2003 2.3 2.9 2.4 2.2 3.5 2.7 0.664 1.186 0.04422 0.02156
Cameroon 1991 2.5 1.2 3.1 2.6 1.9 2.3 1.316 0.600 -0.02744 0.03800
Cameroon 1998 3.0 3.7 4.2 2.0 1.9 3.0 1.579 1.100 -0.10106 0.02952
Cameroon 2004 2.2 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.5 3.0 0.630 1.296 0.05522 0.02312
Chad 1996/97 1.5 2.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.5 0.517 1.400 0.09616 0.02559
Chad 2004 1.4 2.2 2.7 2.6 4.3 2.6 0.331 2.874 0.20015 0.02710
Comoros 1996 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.1 0.864 0.300 0.06262 0.05147
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.3 1.9 0.696 0.700 0.04818 0.03199
Eritrea 1995 2.0 5.8 8.3 4.2 2.8 4.6 0.714 0.800 -0.04368 0.02160
Ethiopia 2000 2.9 3.7 4.6 4.3 4.9 4.0 0.592 2.000 0.09705 0.01819
Gabon 2000 1.6 2.2 2.6 4.0 2.9 2.7 0.552 1.300 0.11477 0.03107
Ghana 1993 3.4 3.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.7 1.478 1.100 -0.09681 0.03705
Ghana 1998 2.2 3.2 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.4 1.048 0.100 -0.04778 0.03619
Ghana 2003 1.9 2.4 1.6 3.1 1.9 2.2 1.027 0.051 0.03919 0.03732
Guinea 1999 3.1 3.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.9 1.192 0.500 -0.04270 0.02742
Kenya 1993 2.6 1.5 1.3 2.0 1.4 1.8 1.784 1.126 -0.07749 0.03557
Kenya 1998 1.9 2.5 3.5 2.9 3.6 2.8 0.528 1.700 0.10108 0.02780
Kenya 2003 4.0 3.2 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.0 0.970 0.122 0.03342 0.02241
Madagascar 1997 2.3 4.4 3.7 3.9 2.7 3.4 0.852 0.400 0.03929 0.02330
Malawi 1992 4.1 3.7 3.4 5.1 5.0 4.3 0.820 0.900 -0.01330 0.02547
Malawi 2000 3.7 4.2 4.6 5.5 6.7 4.9 0.552 3.000 0.09651 0.01584
Mali 1995/96 2.5 1.7 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.190 0.400 0.00465 0.02778
Mali 2001 2.0 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.4 2.1 0.833 0.400 0.05371 0.02367
Mauritania 2000/01 4.3 3.1 2.7 3.3 2.6 3.3 1.654 1.700 -0.11220 0.02764
Mozambique 1997 4.7 6.1 6.4 5.7 4.0 5.3 1.175 0.700 -0.01225 0.01665
Mozambique 2003 2.5 3.7 3.8 4.9 4.2 3.8 0.599 1.702 0.07891 0.01698
Namibia 1992 1.8 2.5 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.1 0.783 0.500 0.00607 0.03858
Namibia 2000 3.7 4.7 3.5 3.3 2.4 3.6 1.542 1.300 -0.06134 0.02501
Niger 1998 1.9 2.2 3.0 2.8 1.8 2.3 1.056 0.100 0.00484 0.02612
Nigeria 2003 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.4 3.2 2.6 0.839 0.515 0.06817 0.03046
Rwanda 2000 8.0 8.2 7.9 9.7 10.2 8.8 0.784 2.200 0.05372 0.01274
South Africa 1998 2.5 2.1 2.6 3.1 1.7 2.4 1.471 0.800 0.00840 0.02656
Tanzania 1996 2.7 3.7 2.2 2.5 3.6 2.9 0.750 0.900 0.02333 0.02492
Tanzania 1999 3.9 2.7 3.5 3.4 4.2 3.5 0.929 0.300 -0.00493 0.02803
Tanzania 2004 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.6 4.6 3.3 0.528 2.194 0.05596 0.02109
Togo 1998 2.8 2.8 2.2 3.1 3.8 2.9 0.737 1.000 0.04284 0.02548
Uganda 1995 3.9 4.2 5.1 4.7 7.3 5.0 0.534 3.400 0.10359 0.01956
Uganda 2000/01 3.4 4.2 5.2 5.6 7.6 5.2 0.447 4.200 0.15084 0.01935
Zambia 1996 2.4 4.6 4.8 4.3 5.9 4.3 0.407 3.500 0.13045 0.02066
Zambia 2001 6.6 5.2 5.1 6.1 6.7 5.9 0.985 0.100 0.00895 0.01967
Zimbabwe 1994 3.2 2.8 2.9 1.9 2.3 2.7 1.391 0.900 -0.05287 0.03059
Zimbabwe 1999 5.5 4.5 5.8 3.7 4.9 5.0 1.122 0.600 -0.00267 0.02386
G. ALL COUNTRIES 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 0.887 0.306 0.00707 0.03328
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Orphanhood
DOUBLE ORPHAN PREVALENCE

Cambodia 2000 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.750 0.200 -0.06051 0.04834
Indonesia 1997 * * * * * * - - na na
Indonesia 2002/03 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.732 0.053 0.03718 0.05035
Armenia 2000 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 - 0.100 0.03013 0.14928
Kazakhstan 1995 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 3.000 0.200 -0.32690 0.41210
Kazakhstan 1999 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.000 0.200 -0.14500 0.16067
Kyrgyzstan 1997 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 - 0.200 0.60078 0.25418
Turkey 1993 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 - 0.200 -0.28210 0.18575
Turkey 1998 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 - 0.100 0.02189 0.18466
Uzbekistan 1996 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 - 0.200 0.62454 0.33430
Bolivia 1998 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.750 0.100 0.09703 0.06803
Bolivia 2003 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.289 0.054 -0.06638 0.07263
Brazil 1996 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.750 0.100 0.00005 0.07044
Colombia 2000 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.000 0.000 0.01029 0.11863
Colombia 2005 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.601 0.180 -0.09324 0.06696
Guatemala 1995 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.000 0.000 -0.08175 0.07337
Guatemala 1998/99 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.500 0.100 0.15367 0.07226
Haiti 1994/95 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.4 1.4 0.417 1.400 0.20097 0.05385
Haiti 2000 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.462 0.700 0.30437 0.05906
Nicaragua 1997/98 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 2.000 0.100 -0.17427 0.09788
Nicaragua 2001 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.667 0.100 0.12016 0.07701
Peru 1996 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.500 0.200 0.02844 0.05133
Peru 2000 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.000 0.000 -0.05064 0.07359
D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na -0.22125 0.10661

Egypt 2000 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.000 0.100 -0.23638 0.11769
Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na -0.21270 0.10575
Morocco 1992 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.333 0.200 0.16469 0.11385
Yemen 1997 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.000 0.200 -0.21467 0.09640
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Orphanhood
DOUBLE ORPHAN PREVALENCE (Cont.)

Benin 1996 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.500 0.200 0.05754 0.10277
Benin 2001 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.250 0.100 -0.00558 0.07493
Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.0 0.217 1.273 0.14693 0.03962
Burkina Faso 2003 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.5 0.8 0.245 1.168 0.21514 0.04223
Cameroon 1991 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 1.200 0.100 -0.09873 0.09898
Cameroon 1998 0.4 0.6 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.000 0.000 0.02014 0.05744
Cameroon 2004 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.542 0.388 0.15343 0.04658
Chad 1996/97 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.200 0.800 0.30504 0.06044
Chad 2004 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 2.0 0.7 0.101 1.764 0.53557 0.06713
Comoros 1996 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 - 0.300 0.24535 0.17878
Cte d'Ivoire 1994 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.429 0.400 0.16560 0.07523
Eritrea 1995 0.1 0.5 1.2 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.200 0.400 0.12423 0.04635
Ethiopia 2000 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.357 0.900 0.20018 0.04632
Gabon 2000 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.000 0.000 -0.00802 0.07636
Ghana 1993 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.143 0.100 -0.04044 0.05883
Ghana 1998 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.333 0.400 0.08604 0.08615
Ghana 2003 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.5 1.389 0.104 0.05232 0.07652
Guinea 1999 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.545 0.500 0.12710 0.05483
Kenya 1993 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.565 0.194 0.19741 0.10010
Kenya 1998 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.417 0.700 0.13844 0.05071
Kenya 2003 1.9 1.8 2.7 2.6 1.5 2.1 1.258 0.395 0.04519 0.02814
Madagascar 1997 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.750 0.100 0.03051 0.07009
Malawi 1992 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.7 0.9 1.1 1.333 0.300 -0.08200 0.04462
Malawi 2000 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.4 2.7 1.8 0.481 1.400 0.13543 0.02602
Mali 1995/96 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.571 0.300 0.11666 0.06976
Mali 2001 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.667 0.200 0.12312 0.04644
Mauritania 2000/01 1.0 1.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.667 0.400 -0.18242 0.05861
Mozambique 1997 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.167 0.100 0.04199 0.03465
Mozambique 2003 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.2 0.554 0.679 0.09106 0.03026
Namibia 1992 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.286 0.500 0.09817 0.08557
Namibia 2000 1.7 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.1 2.125 0.900 -0.11599 0.04794
Niger 1998 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.667 0.100 0.21458 0.08361
Nigeria 2003 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.6 1.836 0.269 0.10556 0.06046
Rwanda 2000 3.7 4.6 4.1 5.2 6.7 4.9 0.552 3.000 0.10531 0.01805
South Africa 1998 0.8 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.8 2.000 0.400 0.00325 0.04754
Tanzania 1996 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.200 0.800 0.16103 0.05621
Tanzania 1999 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.0 0.786 0.300 0.06260 0.05014
Tanzania 2004 0.5 0.3 0.7 1.1 2.1 0.9 0.257 1.529 0.19216 0.03974
Togo 1998 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.667 0.300 0.16615 0.05511
Uganda 1995 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 3.2 1.9 0.469 1.700 0.12664 0.03465
Uganda 2000/01 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.6 3.5 2.2 0.400 2.100 0.19361 0.02909
Zambia 1996 0.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 2.3 1.5 0.304 1.600 0.20041 0.03676
Zambia 2001 2.8 2.4 2.4 3.0 3.8 2.9 0.737 1.000 0.06797 0.02837
Zimbabwe 1994 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.250 0.100 0.00285 0.04734
Zimbabwe 1999 2.4 1.9 2.6 1.9 1.5 2.1 1.600 0.900 -0.02581 0.03379
G. ALL COUNTRIES 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.687 0.288 0.08129 0.07843
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ANNEXES
- 265 -
ANNEX A: INDICATOR DEFINITIONS
Part I: HNP STATUS
A. CHILDHOOD MORTALITY AND ILLNESS 23

Infant mortality rate: number of deaths to children under twelve months of age per 1,000 live
births, based on experience during the ten years before the survey.
Under-five mortality rate: number of deaths to children under five years of age per 1,000 live
births, based on experience during the ten years before the survey.
Prevalence of fever: percent of children who had fever, whether or not accompanied by cough or
rapid breathing, in the two weeks before the survey.
Prevalence of diarrhea: percent of children who had diarrhea in the two weeks before the
survey.
Prevalence of acute respiratory infection: percent of children who had a cough accompanied by
rapid or difficult breathing in the two weeks before the survey.
B. FERTILITY
Total fertility rate (TFR): average number of births a woman could expect to have during her
lifetime if she followed the levels of fertility currently observed at every age. The TFR is
calculated as the sum of average annual age-specific fertility rates for all reproductive age groups
(usually 15-49 years) in the three years before the survey.
Adolescent fertility rate: age-specific fertility rate for women 15-19 years of age. This is the
average number of births among women aged 15-19 years per 1,000 women in that age group,
based on births in the three years before the survey and expressed as annual averages.
23
Figures for the prevalence of fever, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infection refer to percent of children under three,
four, or five years of age, depending upon the country. (The specific ages covered for in particular country may be
determined by consulting the full report on that countrys DHS, which may be found at:
www.measuredhs.com/countries.)
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C. NUTRITIONAL STATUS
Children 24, 25, 26
Moderate stunting (height-for-age): percent of children with a height-for-age Z-score of between
2 and 3 standard deviations of the median reference standard for their age (as defined in fn. 4).
Severe stunting (height-for-age): percent of children with a height-for-age Z-score of below 3
standard deviations of the median reference standard for their age (as defined in fn. 4).
Moderate underweight (weight-for-age): percent of children with a weight-for-age Z-score of
between 2 and 3 standard deviations of the median reference standard for their age (as defined
in fn. 4).
Severe underweight (weight-for-age): percent of children with a weight-for-age Z-score of below
3 standard deviations of the median reference standard for their age (as defined in fn. 4).
Mild anemia: percent of children with a hemoglobin level of between 10.0g/dl and 10.9 g/dl, the
World Health Organization criterion for mild anemia.
Moderate anemia: percent of children with a hemoglobin level of between 7.0g/dl and 9.9g/dl,
the World Health Organization criterion for moderate anemia.
Severe anemia: percent of children with a hemoglobin level of below 7.0g/dl, the World Health
Organization criterion for severe anemia.
Women 27, 28
Malnutrition: percent of women aged 15-49 years with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of less than
18.5, where BMI commonly used to indicate adult nutritional status is defined as weight in
kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.
Mild anemia: percent of women aged 15-49 years with a hemoglobin level of between 10.0g/dl
and 10.9g/dl for pregnant women and between 10.0g/dl and 11.9g/dl for non-pregnant women,
the World Health Organization criterion for mild anemia.
Moderate anemia: percent of women aged 15-49 years with a hemoglobin level of between
7.0g/dl and 9.9g/dl, the World Health Organization criterion for moderate anemia.
Severe anemia: percent of women aged 15-49 years with a hemoglobin level of less than 7.0g/dl,
the World Health Organization criterion for severe anemia.
24
All figures related to childrens nutrition status refer to children under three, four, or five years of age, depending
upon the country. (The specific ages covered for in particular country may be determined by consulting the full report
on the DHS of the country concerned, which is available at: www.measuredhs.com/countries.)
25
The reference standards used for stunting and underweight are those established in the 1970s by the World Health
Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, and the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. Updated
stunting and underweight figures based on the recently-released, 2006 World Health Organization reference standards
are currently under preparation. When complete, they will be available at: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth/
countrydata.
26
The anemia figures for children living at an altitude above 1,000 meters have been adjusted to reflect the higher level
of hemoglobin required.
27
In some countries, the BMI is presented for all women; in others, the figure is available only for mothers of children
under five years of age. The reference population for any given country can be determined by consulting the full report
on the DHS for the country concerned. An electronic version of this report is located at: www.measuredhs.com/
countries.
28
Anemia cut-off points for respondents who live at an altitude above 1,000 meters and/or who smoke have been
adjusted to account for their higher hemoglobin requirements.
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D. FEMALE CIRCUMCISION
Girls: percent of girls aged 6-10 years with one or more daughters, at least one of whom had
been circumcised.
Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had been circumcised.
Girls: percent of girls aged 6-10 years with one or more daughters, at least one of whom had
been circumcised with the vaginal area sewn closed.
Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years whose vaginal area had been sewn closed.
E. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had had abnormal genital discharge in the
twelve months before the survey.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who had had abnormal genital discharge in the twelve
months before the survey.
Prevalence of Genital Ulcer or Sore

Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had had a genital ulcer or sore in the twelve
months before the survey.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who had had a genital ulcer or sore in the twelve months
before the survey.
- 269 -
Part II: INTERMEDIATE DETERMINANTS OF HNP STATUS HEALTH
SERVICE USE
A. CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION 29
BCG coverage: percent of children who had received a dose of BCG vaccine by the time of the
survey.
Measles coverage: percent of children who had received a dose of measles vaccine by the time
of the survey.
DPT coverage: percent of children who had received three doses of DPT vaccine by the time of
the survey.
Full basic coverage: percent of children who had received a dose of BCG vaccine, measles
vaccine, and three doses of DPT and polio vaccines by the time of the survey, excluding polio
vaccine given at birth.
No basic coverage: percent of children who had received no vaccination against the six early-
childhood diseases (TB, measles, polio, diphtheria, pertusis, and tetanus) by the time of the
survey.
Hepatitis B coverage: percent of children who had received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine by
the time of the survey.
Yellow fever coverage: percent of children who had received a dose of yellow fever vaccine by
the time of the survey.
B. TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESSES 30

Treatment of Fever
Medical treatment of fever: percent of children with fever, with or without cough or rapid
breathing, in the two weeks before the survey who had sought medical advice for fever from any
health facility or health provider, whether public or private.
Treatment in a public facility: percent of children with fever, with or without cough or rapid
breathing, in the two weeks before the survey who had sought medical advice for fever from a
public-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).
Treatment in a private facility: percent of children with fever, with or without cough or rapid
breathing, in the two weeks before the survey who had sought medical advice for fever from a
private-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).
29
Childhood immunization figures refer to rates among children 12-23 months of age in all countries except those in
Latin America and the Caribbean. There, the figures refer to rates among children 18-29 months of age. All figures are
based on information recorded on the childs vaccination card; or, in cases where a card was not seen by the
interviewer, on the mothers report.
30
Figures for illness treatment in a public facility refer to treatment in government hospitals, health centers, health
posts, or dispensaries; or in facilities operated by government-affiliated social securing programs. Figures for treatment
in private facilities cover treatment in private hospitals or clinics, in private doctors offices, or in facilities operated by
other private medical providers (such as non-governmental organizations) as defined in the country concerned; but
exclude treatment obtained in private pharmacies or shops.
- 270 -
Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)
Medical treatment of ARI: percent of children with a cough and rapid breathing in the two weeks
before the survey who had been taken for treatment at any medical facility or provider, whether
public or private.
Treatment in a public facility: percent of children with a cough and rapid breathing in the two
weeks before the survey who had been taken for treatment at a public-sector health facility or
provider (as defined in fn. 9).
Treatment in a private facility: percent of children with a cough and rapid breathing in the two
weeks before the survey who had been taken for treatment at a private-sector health facility or
provider (as defined in fn. 9).
Use of oral rehydration therapy: percent of children with diarrhea in the two weeks before the
survey who had received oral rehydration therapy (ORT) (defined as including consumption of
oral rehydration salts, other recommended home fluids, or other increased liquids).
Medical treatment of diarrhea: percent of children with diarrhea in the two weeks before the
survey who had been taken for treatment at any medical facility or provider, whether public or
private.
Treatment in a public facility: percent of children with diarrhea in the two weeks before the
survey who had been taken for treatment at a public-sector health facility or provider (as defined
in fn. 9).
Treatment in a private facility: percent of children with diarrhea in the two weeks before the
survey who had been taken for treatment at a private-sector health facility or provider (as defined
in fn. 9).
C. ANTENATAL AND DELIVERY CARE 31

Antenatal Care (ANC) Visits
To a medically-trained person: percent of women with one or more births in the five years
before the survey who had received at least one antenatal care consultation from a medically-
trained person (as defined in fn. 10) before her most recent birth.
To a doctor: percent of women with one or more births in the five years before the survey who
had received at least one antenatal care consultation from a doctor before her most recent birth.
To a nurse or trained midwife: percent of women with one or more births in the five years before
the survey who had received at least one antenatal care consultation from a nurse or trained
midwife (as defined in fn. 10) before her most recent birth.
Multiple visits to a medically-trained person: percent of women with one or more births in the
five years before the survey who had received at least three antenatal care consultations from any
medically-trained provider (as defined in fn. 10) before her most recent birth.
31
When speaking of antenatal and delivery care, medically-trained persons are defined as doctors, nurses, and trained
midwives. The definition excludes traditional midwives or other traditional birth attendants, whether trained or
untrained.
- 271 -
Antenatal Care (ANC) Content
Tetanus toxoid: percent of women with one or more births in the five years before the survey
who had received at least one tetanus toxoid injection during her most recent pregnancy.
Prophylactic antimalarial treatment: percent of women with one or more births in the five years
before the survey who had received prophylactic treatment with any antimalarial drug during her
most recent pregnancy.
Iron supplementation: percent of women with one or more births in the five years before the
survey who had taken iron tablets during her most recent pregnancy.
Delivery Attendance
By a medically-trained person: percent of births in the five years before the survey attended by a
medically-trained person (as defined in fn. 10).
By a doctor: percent of births in the five years before the survey attended by a doctor.
By a nurse or trained midwife: percent of births in the five years before the survey attended to by
a nurse or a trained midwife (as defined in fn. 10).
In a public facility: percent of all deliveries in the five years before the survey occurring in a
public-sector health facility (as defined in fn. 9).
In a private facility: percent of all deliveries in the five years before the survey occurring in a
private-sector health facility (as defined in fn. 9).
At home: percent of all deliveries in the five years before the survey occurring at home (defined
as the womans own or any other home).
D. CONTRACEPTIVE SERVICES
Contraceptive Prevalence 32
Women: percent of married or in-union women aged 15-49 years who used any modern means of
contraception (as defined in fn. 11).
Men: percent of married or in-union men aged 15-54 years who used any modern means of
contraception (as defined in fn. 11).

Women: percent of married women who obtained their current method of contraception from a
Men: percent of married men who obtained their current method of contraception from a public-
sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).
32
Figures refer to use of modern means of contraception, defined as male/female sterilization, oral contraceptive pill,
contraceptive injection, intrauterine device, male/female condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, contraceptive jelly or foam,
implant, or some country-specific modern method.
- 272 -
Women: percent of married women who obtained their current method of contraception from a
private-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9, except that private pharmacies and
shops are included rather than excluded).
Men: percent of married men who obtained their current method of contraception from a private-
sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9, except that private pharmacies and shops are
included rather than excluded).
E. TREATMENT OF ADULT ILLNESSES

Treatment of Genital Discharge, Ulcer, or Sore
Women: percent of women with genital discharge, ulcer, or sore who sought any medical
treatment for resulting symptoms.
Men: percent of men with genital discharge, ulcer, or sore who sought any medical treatment for
resulting symptoms.
Treatment of Genital Discharge, Ulcer, or Sore in a Public Facility

Women: percent of women with genital discharge, ulcer, or sore who sought treatment from a
Men: percent of men with genital discharge, ulcer, or sore who sought treatment from a public-
sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).

Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had been tested for HIV at any time before the
survey.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who had been tested for HIV at any time before the
survey.
- 273 -
Part III: INTERMEDIATE DETERMINANTS OF HNP STATUS INDIVIDUAL
AND HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR
A. HYGIENIC PRACTICES
Disposal of Childrens Stools
Sanitary disposal: percent of mothers with at least one child under five years of age who
disposed of the stools of their youngest child in a sanitary manner (defined as dropping stool into
a latrine, burying it, or using disposable diapers).
Handwashing
Wash hands prior to preparing food: percent of women aged 15-49 years preparing meals who
washed hands before handling food.
Handwashing facilities in household: percent of households that had hand-washing materials or
facilities, as determined by direct observation of interviewers.
B. BEDNET OWNERSHIP AND USE

Bednet Ownership
Bednet ownership: percent of households owning one or more bednets.
Treated bednet ownership: percent of households owning one or more bednets that had recently
been treated with insecticides.
Bednet Use
By children: percent of households with at least one child under five years of age, some or all of
whom had slept under a bednet the night before the survey.
By pregnant women: percent of currently pregnant women who had slept under a bednet the
night before the survey.
C. BREASTFEEDING
Exclusive breastfeeding: percent of children 0-3 months of age who had received only breast
milk in the twenty-four hours before the survey.
Timely complementary feeding: percent of children 6-9 months of age who had received breast
milk and solid or semi-solid foods in the twenty-four hours before the survey.
Bottle-feeding: percent of children under 12 months of age who had received any food or drink
from a bottle with a nipple in the twenty-four hours before the survey.
- 274 -
D. MICRONUTRIENT CONSUMPTION
Iodized Salt
Availability of iodized salt in household: percent of households with cooking salt testing positive
for iodine/iodate at the recommended level of 15 or 25 parts per million or more (depending on
the country). 33
Vitamin A
Children: percent of children34 who had received at least one dose of vitamin A in the six months
before the survey, as reported by the mothers.
Women: percent of women who had received a dose of vitamin A within two months of the last
birth, in the five years before the survey.
E. TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL USE

Tobacco 35
Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who currently were smoking or chewing tobacco
products.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who currently were smoking or chewing tobacco
products.
Alcohol
Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had gotten intoxicated due to excessive
consumption of alcohol in the three months before the survey.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who had gotten intoxicated due to excessive consumption
of alcohol in the three months before the survey.
F. SEXUAL PRACTICES
Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had had sex with a non-regular partner at least
once in the twelve months before the survey.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who had had sex with a non-regular partner at least once
in the twelve months before the survey.

Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years with non-regular sexual partner who had used a
condom in the last sexual intercourse with such a partner in the twelve months before the survey.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years with non-regular sexual partner who had used a condom
in the last sexual intercourse with such a partner in the twelve months before the survey.
33
Which of these two levels is recommended in any particular country may be determined by consulting the full report
on that countrys DHS, which may be found at: www.measuredhs.com/countries.
34
Figures refer to children over six months of age and under three, four, or five years of age, depending upon the
country. (The specific ages covered for in a particular country may be determined by consulting the full report on that
countrys DHS, which is available at: www.measuredhs.com/countries.)
35
Tobacco products include cigarettes, pipes, cigars, leaves, etc.
- 275 -
G. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Ever experienced violence: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had ever been hit or beaten
by current or former husband/partner.
Experienced violence in past year: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had been hit or
beaten by current or former husband/partner in the twelve months before the survey.
- 276 -
Part IV: UNDERLYING DETERMINANTS OF HNP STATUS
A. EDUCATION
School Completion
Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had completed the fifth grade.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who had completed the fifth grade.
Girls: percent of girls aged 6-10 years who were attending school at the time of the survey.
Boys: percent of boys aged 6-10 years who were attending school at the time of the survey.
B. EXPOSURE TO MASS MEDIA

Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who read a newspaper at least once a week.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who read a newspaper at least once a week.
Radio Listenership
Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who listened to radio at least once a week.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who listened to radio at least once a week.
Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who watched television at least once a week.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who watched television at least once a week.
C. KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ABOUT HIV/AIDS

Knowledge about Sexual Transmission of HIV/AIDS 36
Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who knew of HIV/AIDS and of at least one of the
following ways to avoid it through interruption of its sexual transmission route: abstinence; using
a condom; avoiding multiple sex partners, sex with prostitutes, and unprotected homosexual sex.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who knew of HIV/AIDS and of at least one of the ways to
avoid HIV/AIDS referred to in the preceding definition.
36
In most countries, the survey sample included both married and unmarried individuals. Where this was the case, all
respondents, regardless of marital status, were asked the question covered in this section. Where the survey covered
only individuals who were or had been married, the data pertain only to individuals who had ever been married. (The
marital status of people covered for in particular country is indicated in the full report on that countrys DHS, which is
located at: www.measuredhs.com/countries.)
- 277 -
Knowledge about Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS
Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who knew of at least one way HIV/AIDS can be
transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who knew of at least one way HIV/AIDS can be
transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.

Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who believed that people with HIV/AIDS should be
allowed to continue working or that HIV test results should remain confidential.
Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who believed that people with HIV/AIDS should be
allowed to continue working or that HIV test results should remain confidential.
D. STATUS OF WOMEN
Can seek own health care: percent of women age 15-49 years who could decide by themselves to
seek their own health care.
Can seek childrens health care: percent of women aged 15-49 years, whose children live with
them, who could decide by themselves to seek health care for their children.
Can make daily household purchases: percent of women aged 15-49 years who could decide by
themselves or jointly with others to make daily household purchases.
Can make large household purchases: percent of women aged 15-49 years who could decide by
themselves or jointly with others to make large household purchases.
Can make meal-related decisions: percent of women aged 15-49 years who could decide by
themselves what food to cook daily.
Freedom of Movement
Can travel to visit family, relatives: percent of women aged 15-49 years who could decide by
themselves to visit family and relatives.

Can decide how to spend own money: percent of women aged 15-49 years who work for cash
who could decide by themselves on how to use the money they earn.
Can decide whether to have sex: percent of women aged 15-49 years agreeing that they can
refuse to have sex with their husband for at least one of the following reasons: he has a sexually-
transmitted disease; he has had sexual relations with another woman; or the woman is tired, not in
mood, or recently has given birth.
Justify domestic violence: percent of women aged 15-49 years believing that a husband/male
partner would be justified in beating his wife/female partner for at least one of the following
reasons: he suspects her of being unfaithful; she argues with him; she goes out without telling
him; she neglects the children; she burns the food; or other, country-specific reasons (for
example, she shows disrespect for her in-laws or her family does not give the expected dowry).
- 278 -
E. ORPHANHOOD
Maternal orphan prevalence: percent of children under 15 years of age whose natural mother
had died before the survey.
Paternal orphan prevalence: percent of children under 15 years of age whose natural father had
died before the survey.
Double orphan prevalence: percent of children under 15 years of age both of whose natural
parents had died before the survey.
- 279 -
ANNEX B: ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF INDICATORS
Acute respiratory infection: prevalence of ARI among children 29

Acute respiratory infection: medical treatment of childrens ARI 95
Acute respiratory infection: medical treatment of childrens ARI in a private facility 99
Acute respiratory infection: medical treatment of childrens ARI in a public facility 97
Adolescent: adolescent fertility rate 33
Adult illnesses: treatment of genital discharge, ulcer, sore among men 149
Adult illnesses: treatment of genital discharge, ulcer, sore among women 147
Adult illnesses: treatment of genital discharge, ulcer, sore in a public facility among men 153
Adult illnesses: treatment of genital discharge, ulcer, sore in a public facility among women 151
Alcohol: alcohol use among men 193
Alcohol: alcohol use among women 191
Anemia: mild anemia among children 43
Anemia: mild anemia among women 51
Anemia: moderate anemia among children 45
Anemia: moderate anemia among women 53
Anemia: severe anemia among children 47
Anemia: severe anemia among women 55
Antenatal care use: visits to a medically-trained person 109
Antenatal care use: multiple visits to a medically-trained person 115
Antenatal care use: visits to a nurse or trained midwife 113
Antenatal care use: visits to a doctor 111
Antenatal care content: tetanus toxoid 117
Antenatal care content: prophylactic antimalarial treatment 119
Antenatal care content: iron supplementation 121
Bednets: ownership of bednets 167
Bednets: ownership of treated bednets 169
Bednets: use of bednets by children 171
Bednets: use of bednets by pregnant women 173
Breastfeeding: exclusive breastfeeding 175
Breastfeeding: timely complementary breastfeeding 177
Breastfeeding: bottle-feeding 179
Childhood illnesses: prevalence of fever 25
Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of fever 89
Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of fever in a private facility 93
Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of fever in a public facility 91
Childhood illnesses: prevalence of acute respiratory infection 29
Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of acute respiratory infection 95
Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of acute respiratory infection in a private facility 99
Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of acute respiratory infection in a public facility 97
- 281 -
Childhood illnesses: prevalence of diarrhea 27
Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of diarrhea 103
Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of diarrhea in a private facility 107
Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of diarrhea in a public facility 105
Childhood illnesses: use of oral rehydration therapy to treat diarrhea 101
Circumcision: prevalence of circumcision among girls 57
Circumcision: prevalence of circumcision among women 59
Contraception: condom use by men with non-regular partner 201
Contraception: condom use by women with non-regular partner 199
Contraception: contraceptive prevalence among men 137
Contraception: contraceptive prevalence among women 135
Contraception: source of contraception in private sector among men 145
Contraception: source of contraception in private sector among women 143
Contraception: source of contraception in public sector among men 141
Contraception: source of contraception in public sector among women 139
Delivery: delivery attended by a medically-trained person 123
Delivery: delivery attended by a nurse or trained midwife 127
Delivery: delivery attended by a doctor 125
Delivery: delivery in a private facility 131
Delivery: delivery in a public facility 129
Delivery: delivery at home 133
Diarrhea: prevalence of diarrhea among children 27
Diarrhea: use of oral rehydration therapy to treat diarrhea among children 101
Domestic violence: women who ever experienced domestic violence 203
Domestic violence: women who experienced domestic violence in the past year 205
Domestic violence: women who justify domestic violence 257
Education: school completion among men 211
Education: school completion among women 209
Education: school participation among boys 215
Education: school participation among girls 213
Fertility: adolescent fertility rate 33
Fertility: total fertility rate 31
Fever: prevalence of fever among children 25
Fever: medical treatment of childrens fever 89
Fever: medical treatment of childrens fever in a private facility 93
Fever: medical treatment of childrens fever in a public facility 91
Handwashing: handwashing facilities in household 165
Handwashing: wash hands prior to preparing food 163
HIV/AIDS: attitudes toward HIV/AIDS among men 239
HIV/AIDS: attitudes toward HIV/AIDS among women 237
HIV/AIDS: knowledge about sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS among men 231
HIV/AIDS: knowledge about sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS among women 229
HIV/AIDS: knowledge about mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS among men 235
HIV/AIDS: knowledge about mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS among women 233
HIV/AIDS: voluntary counseling and testing of HIV/AIDS among men 157
HIV/AIDS: voluntary counseling and testing of HIV/AIDS among women 155
- 282 -
Hygiene: sanitary disposal of children's stools 161
Hygiene: handwashing facilities in household 165
Hygiene: wash hands prior to preparing food 163
Immunization: BCG coverage among children 75
Immunization: measles coverage among children 77
Immunization: DPT coverage among children 79
Immunization: hepatitis B coverage among children 85
Immunization: yellow fever coverage among children 87
Immunization: full basic coverage among children 81
Immunization: no basic coverage among children 83
Infant: infant mortality rate 21
Iodized salt: availability of iodized salt in the household 181
Iron supplementation: iron supplementation in antenatal care 121
Malaria prevention: bednet ownership 167
Malaria prevention: treated bednet ownership 169
Malaria prevention: bednet use by children 171
Malaria prevention: bednet use by pregnant women 173
Malaria treatment: prophylactic antimalarial treatment in antenatal care 119
Mass media: newspaper readership among men 219
Mass media: newspaper readership among women 217
Mass media: radio listenership among men 223
Mass media: radio listenership among women 221
Mass media: television viewership among men 227
Mass media: television viewership among women 225
Medical treatment: medical treatment of childrens fever 89
Medical treatment: medical treatment of childrens fever in a private facility 93
Medical treatment: medical treatment of childrens fever in a public facility 91
Medical treatment: medical treatment of childrens acute respiratory infection (ARI) 95
Medical treatment: medical treatment of childrens ARI in a private facility 99
Medical treatment: medical treatment of childrens ARI in a public facility 97
Medical treatment: medical treatment of childrens diarrhea 103
Medical treatment: medical treatment of childrens diarrhea using oral rehydration therapy 101
Medical treatment: medical treatment of childrens diarrhea in a private facility 107
Medical treatment: medical treatment of childrens diarrhea in a public facility 105
Micronutrients: availability of iodized salt in household 181
Micronutrients: vitamin A consumption among children 183
Micronutrients: vitamin A consumption among women 185
Mortality: infant mortality rate 21
Mortality: under-five mortality rate 23
Newspaper readership: newspaper readership among men 219
Newspaper readership: newspaper readership among women 217
Nutritional status: moderate stunting among children 35
Nutritional status: severe stunting among children 37
Nutritional status: moderate underweight among children 39
Nutritional status: severe underweight among children 41
Nutritional status: mild anemia among children 43
Nutritional status: mild anemia among women 51
Nutritional status: moderate anemia among children 45
- 283 -
Nutritional status: moderate anemia among women 53
Nutritional status: severe anemia among children 47
Nutritional status: severe anemia among women 55
Nutritional status: malnutrition among women 49
Occlusion: prevalence of occlusion among girls 61
Occlusion: prevalence of occlusion among women 63
Orphanhood: double orphan prevalence 263
Orphanhood: maternal orphan prevalence 261
Orphanhood: paternal orphan prevalence 259
Radio listenership: radio listenership among men 223
Radio listenership: radio listenership among women 221
Sexual partnerships: non-regular sexual partnerships among men 197
Sexual partnerships: non-regular sexual partnerships among women 195
Sexually transmitted disease: prevalence of genital discharge among men 67
Sexually transmitted disease: prevalence of genital discharge among women 65
Sexually transmitted disease: prevalence of genital ulcer among men 71
Sexually transmitted disease: prevalence of genital ulcer among women 69
Stunting: moderate stunting among children 35
Stunting: severe stunting among children 37
Television viewership: television viewership among men 227
Television viewership: television viewership among women 225
Tetanus toxoid: tetanus toxoid use in antenatal care 117
Tobacco use: tobacco use among men 189
Tobacco use: tobacco use among women 187
Total fertility rate 31
Under-five mortality rate 23
Underweight: moderate underweight among children 39
Underweight: severe underweight among children 41
Vitamin A: vitamin A consumption among children 183
Vitamin A: vitamin A consumption among women 185
Womens decisionmaking: women who can decide how to spend own money 253
Womens decisionmaking: women who can decide whether to have sex 255
Womens decisionmaking: women who can make daily household purchases 245
Womens decisionmaking: women who can make large household purchases 247
Womens decisionmaking: women who can make meal-related decisions 249
Womens decisionmaking: women who can seek children's health care 243
Womens decisionmaking: women who can seek own health care 241
Womens decisionmaking: women who can travel to visit family, relatives 251
Womens decisionmaking: women who justify domestic violence 257
- 284 -
ANNEX C. SOURCES OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
ADDITIONAL INEQUALITY DATA
World Bank HNP/Poverty Country Report Website:

http://www.worldbank.org/hnp/povertyandhealth/countrydata.
This World Bank website provides the full texts and tables for all fifty-six countries
covered by the HNP/Poverty Country Report Project. Also available at the site are
summary tables, organized by indicator, designed to facilitate cross-country comparisons
in inequality with respect to particular indicators.
DHS Country Reports: http://www.measuredhs.com/countries.

All DHS final country reports produced since 2003 include quintile-specific tabulations
in approximately 50-100 of the reports HNP indicator tables. The tables deal with some
of the indicators covered in this volume, and with many that are not.
UNICEF Multi-Indicator Cluster Survey Website:

http://www.childinfo.org/MICS2/natlMICSrepz/MICSnatrep.htm.
The UNICEF Multi-Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) project is generally similar to the
DHS program, but covers a somewhat different set of countries and indicators. The
standard tables section for each country listed at the MICS website provides wealth-
based, quintile-specific information in around 40-45 of the tables related to hnp,
education, and child labor. In deriving these quintile-specific estimates, the MICS
investigators have employed a wealth index similar to the one used here.
World Health Organization World Health Survey Website:

http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/en/index.html.
The World Health Organizations World Health Survey (WHS) includes such issues as
self-assessed adult health status; coverage of interventions against adult chronic diseases
and against maternal and child health problems; household health expenditures; insurance
coverage; and health system responsiveness. Approximately seventy countries
developed as well as developing have been covered thus far. Household wealth
information has been collected and used to prepare quintile-specific estimates for many
of the indicators appearing in the reports on these countries.
- 285 -
METHODS AND RESOURCES FOR FURTHER INEQUALITY ANALYSIS
Shea Oscar Rutstein and Kiersten Johnson, The DHS Wealth Index, DHS Comparative Reports
No. 6 (Calverton, Maryland, USA: ORC Macro, August 2004) (Available at:
http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pub_details.cfm?ID =470&srchTp=type).
This DHS publication, by two of the co-authors of the current report, describes in detail
the construction of the wealth index that underlies the data presented in the basic tables.
Deon Filmer and Lant H. Pritchett, Estimating Wealth Effects without Expenditure Data or
Tears: An Application to Education Enrollments in States in India, Demography 38, no.1
(February 2001): 115-132.
This seminal piece gave birth to the wealth index procedure used in the current volume.
It also includes three of the previously-cited country case studies demonstrating the close
relationship between results produced using wealth and those based on consumption as an
indicator of household economic status.
Owen ODonnell, Eddy van Doorslaer, Adam Wagstaff, and Magnus Lindelow. Quantitative
Techniques for Health Equity Analysis. Washington D.C.: The World Bank, forthcoming.
Among the topics covered in this comprehensive overview of available quantitative
techniques are the measurement of living standards using a wealth index and other
approaches (chapter 6) and the concentration index as a measure of inequality (chapter 8).
DHS Country Data Sets: http://www.measuredhs.com/accesssurveys/search.

The data sets for all DHS surveys undertaken since 2003 include two pieces of
information for each household that are designed to help investigators prepare quintile-
specific tabulations for any indicator. These are: 1) the household wealth score; and 2)
the economic quintile to which individuals in the household belong. Any tabulation
using these pieces of information will be comparable to the figures appearing here.
- 286 -
ANNEX D. ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Agbessi Amouzou was a doctoral candidate at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health at the time of this reports preparation. He is currently a
monitoring and evaluation officer at the Elizabeth Glazer Pediatric AIDS Foundation.
Davidson R. Gwatkin is a consultant on health and poverty to the World Bank, UNICEF,
and other organizations.
Kiersten Johnson is a research associate and demographer at the Demographic and

Health Surveys Project, (MEASURE DHS) of Macro International Inc., which is
funded in large part by the United States Agency for International Development.
Shea Rutstein is technical director of the Demographic and Health Surveys Project,
(MEASURE DHS) of Macro International Inc., which is funded in large part by
the United States Agency for International Development.
Eldaw Suliman was a doctoral candidate at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health when this report was prepared. He is currently a program
associate in the West Asia and North Africa Regional Office of the Population
Council.
Adam Wagstaff is a lead economist (health) in the Development Research Group, Public
Services Team of the World Bank.
- 287 -

Socioeconomic Differences in Health - World Bank 2007

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES IN

HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND POPULATION WITHIN

Davidson R. Gwatkin, Shea Rutstein, Kiersten Johnson,

Socio-Economic Differences in Health, 1

Childhood Illness and Mortality

Treatment of Childhood Illnesses

Antenatal and Delivery Care

Treatment of Adult Illnesses

Bednet Ownership and Use

Exposure to Mass Media

Knowledge and Attitudes about HIV/AIDS

II. EXAMINING E CONOMIC I NEQUALITIES IN HEALTH

Why Focus on Economic Inequalities?

The Earlier Reliance on Proxies, and on Consumption/Expenditures

The Shift to Wealth and Assets

III. PRODUCING THE DATA PRESENTED IN THIS VOLUME4

The Data and Methods Used

Nuances Affecting the Interpretation of Findings

The Poor Fare Worse

Figure 1. Economic Inequalities with Respect to Selected Indicators of HNP Status

Two related conclusions emerge:

Figure 4. Under-Five Mortality Rates among Different Quintiles of the Population

120 Poorest 20%

100 Second 20%

Basic Monitoring of Nationwide Facility-Based Programs

Childhood Illness and Mortality 21

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na na

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na na

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na na

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na na

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

Region/Country Quintile Rates Low/High Low-High Concentration Index

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na na