AFm ADYay

imis ilkela Vr imis n

pUbbtI ADYaeyr pr

Piselr kTa ilKet igey Vegr ADYayelaet pasikBaeb pF FkFin, mHaedSIy srN,
rihwAYkiFB hiFsH ar ibxeyr Velacna cel eseC | teb bar baD Hy ADYayiF Sx
krar smy eseC, clun, ibbtenr Kub rtpUN kFa ibxeyr Velacnar mDY idey it Fana
Zak Piselr Velacnar| tkTa ta Aenk Hela ADYaey, ta bar cFa kreba obaink
te na zuek eqbaer sHj Baxay imis il-r bYaparela bYaKYa krar| "imis il'ba
"Haraena ZagsU' kTaFa blBaeb pcilt Helw Fa ik ifk obaink kan S ny| imis
ilela HeC jIebr ibbtenr mDYbtI err mn ikCu Pisl Zara taedr Vjekr VDuink
pjait b tar pUbpurxedr meDY ibSal kan gYap ba Pak purN ker| ATa, Vegr pjait
b tar Tek ibbitt Hwya perr pjait - du pjait ba FYaeanimk (Taxanomic,
SNIibnYasgt) gepr ikCu ikCu ba maJamaiJ obiSFYela DarN ker mn jIebr Pislek
Abairt ba mDYbtI Pisl (Transitional Fossil) ba saDarNBaeb imis il bla Hy|

ibanIra bidn Der DarNa ker VseCn Z, iblu Hey Zawya s hayenasrela Tek
Vjekr VDuink paiKr pi GeFeC| ik blel ta Hl na, Fa ta Vr mueKr kTa ny,
kaTay hayenasr Vr kaTay paiK! hayenasr kTaFa nel Vmaedr men Z odetYr mt
dKet paNIelar cHara Bes wef taedrek daeyl ba mynar mt gaebcarI paiKelar
pUbpurx bainey idel Hl naik? ikba Drn, bSIrBag paNIr ibbtenr itHas bS sHej
inDarN kra gelw itim (maC!) ba hliPndr iney bhh ibpaek peRiCeln ibanIra| ik siF
CaRa jIb na ibSal-bpu samuik paNIela! smue Taek xal Vna smy, sater bRay
maeCr mt, ik obiSeFYr idk Tek ibcar krel ta edrek kanBaeb maC bel sIkar ker
nwya Zay na! maeCr ik edr mt PsPs Taek naik tara baca psb ker? Vsel tara nYpayI
paNI, ik taHel tara painet nem ela kKn ba ik ker? ibanIra ZKn bleln, ra Vsel
haar jIbn Tek smue ibbitt HeyeC tKn ik mHa oH oc na peR igeyiCela caridek!
ibbtnbad iberaDIra rIitmt dabI kret r krela imis ilela dKaw, Vr na Hel rkm
BawtabajI b kr| maiF Tek itim maeCr pUbpurexr painet ibbtenr mDYbtI Dapela
dKaet na parel dabIr kan ZOikta n! bYaparFa Vsel ta rtpUN| pkitet
rkm bR bR pirbtn Zid GeF Taek b ibbtenr inymanuZayI AtY DIr piyar maDYem
kaiF kaiF bCr Der ta Zid GeF Taek,taHel ta taedr ibiB mDYbtI err Pisl ba AnY
kan pmaNw ta Taket Heb! rkm daHrN ik ibbtnbaedr jget Aenk VeC| taedr
spek pS jaga sBaibk Z kaTay gela maJamaiJ err paNIela ba taedr mDYbtI
Pislela?

Vmra jain Z, mUlt pakitk inbacenr maDYem lQ lQ bCerr DIr pirbtenr maDYem k
pjait Tek Verk pjaitr pi GeF| Vmra Veg w deKiC Z, k pjaitr ibiB
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

jIbedr meDY ibiB rkemr pkrN Taek, DIr gitet pakitk inbacenr Daray AiDk
suibDajnk obiSFYsp ASiF Hyeta t gitet sKYay baRet Taek| tar Pel pjaitr
AeSr meDY Drenr ikCu ibeSx obiSFY sairt b sit Het Het k smy tara p-
pjaitet pirNt Hey Zay 1| ntun p-pjaitr bS keyk rkemr pirNit Het paer -
tara rkm kFa ppjait Hey icrter iFek Taket paer, ibluw Hey Zet paer, ATba
Vbar ibbtenr maDYem k ntun pjaitet rpairt Hey Zet paer| Vr Zid pjaitr kiF
AS tar mul pjait Tek BOgilkBaeb ibiC Hey Zay, taHel ibbtenr piya AtY t
gitet traint Het paer| injs gitet ibbitt Het Het tara taedr pUbpurexr Tek t
bdel Zay Z, taedr meDY Vr pjnn GFa sb Hy na| saDarNt, tKin Vmra taedrek ntun
pjait bel Der n|

tarpr ntun pjait b taedr pUbpurexra ibbtenr Daray injs gitet igey cel, Pel
iblu Hey na gel magtBaeb ntun pjaitr saeT tar pUbpurxedr obiSFYgt ibiCta
baRet Taek| kaiF kaiF bCerr magt pirbtenr Pel k smy taedr meDY paTkY baRet
baRet mn Abay es daRaet paer Z ra ksmy spkZu iCela ta inDarN kra Hyeta
Asb Hey daRay| mn Abay Vmaedr s Pisl rkh Brsa, mDYbtI Z rguela tara
par ker eseC lQ kaiF bCerr ibbtenr piyay, tar pmaNela luikey VeC s
paNIelar AtIetr Piselr meDY| Zmn Drn, Vmar jain Z, jelr paNIr Tek ibbitt Hey
haar paNIr pi GeFiCela pay saeR itneSa kaiF bCr Veg heBainyan Zueg| Fa ta Vr
ratarait GeFin| ibbtenr t Zid ifk Hey Taek taHel Daep Daep pirbtn GeFeC, DIer
DIer pain Tek ef es lQ kaiF bCerr CaF CaF pirbtenr maDYem maiFr jIben ABY
Het HeyeC taedr| sBaeb iHesb krel ta incy kFa smy iCela ZKn pa ba kan Agr
pr Br kra maeCr ibbtn GeFiCela Zara Hyeta pain b maiF d'ujaygaet ViSkBaeb iFek
Taket pareta, Zaedr eTek Hyeta k smy Bcr paNI b per srIsepr ibbtn GeFeC|
incy tara iblu Hey geC kaelr pirNitet ksmey| Aenkidn pZ rkm kan Pisl
pawya na gelw ibanIra krkm inict iCeln Z peT ibbtn GeFeC maiFet bas kra
paNIelar| siFtbadIra pay Pisl rkehr gYap ba PakiF tuel Der ibbtn ter iF
pmaN krar cFa kretn| taedr mueK Ca idey, gt StaIet ibanIra maC Tek Bcr paNIr
ibbtenr pay petYkFa rtpUN mDYbtI Daepr Pisl Vibar kret sQm HeyeCn| Du ta
ny, ta ikCuidn Veg 2006 saelr pTm idek ibanIra car pawyala mn k maeCr
Piselr san peyeCn Za idey Vsel Kn ibbtenr maFamuiF petYkFa Dap idenr
Velar mt pirar Hey PeF efeC Vmaedr samen| rkm DreNr rtpuN imis ilelar
Vibar ibbtenr tek Du Z SiSalI kereC ta ny, ibbtnbad t Z ktKain sud
obaink iBir pr pitift taw jaraelaBaeb pmaN ker CeReC| clun taHel bar rkm
ikCu daHrN iney Vrw ibairtBaeb Velacna kra Zak|

paiK taHel hayenaserr rsuir!W 1859 sael harn ZKn ibbtenr tiF pab kern
tKn paiKr ibbtenr ibxyiF iney ik itin bS muSikel peR igeyiCeln| ibbtenr Anuem
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

paiK ifk kaTay pReb? VpatdiFet Knkar ba janamet Vegkar kan paNIr saeT ta
r tmn iml pawya ZaeC na! Aenek tKn dubltaFek kaej laigey ibbtn ter
Asarta pmaN kret ef peR legiCeln| harenr VmrN b, HYa, Vmaedr s Tmas
Hail (Zaek ikna harenr "bul hg' bel haka Ht) Vbarw igey eln taek s Zaay
rQa kret| 1860 sael ibanIra pay 15 kaiF bCerr purena juraisk Zuegr eqbaer Sexr
idekr smeyr kan k Ajana jIebr palk Vibar kern| tar perr bCr tara jamanIet
Kuej peln Aut kiF paNIr Pisl -
VikwpeFir (Archaeopteryx) - kidek
tar Zmn VeC paiKr mt paKa b palk,
Vbar AnY idek idibY pirarBaeb dKa ZaeC
hayenaserr mt la lj b datyala
cayaelr Ait| teb tar meDY VDuink paiKr
ikCu obiSFY Takelw bSIr Bag obiSFY
iblu Hey Zawya hayenasr Trapehr
(therapod) saeT bSI imel Zay 2|
VikwpeFir Kn pZ Kuej pawya imis
il ba mDYbtI Piselr meDY sbecey blBaeb
Velaict kiF Pisl| Hail s smey sdY
pawya PisliF prIQa ker bleln, men
HeC, Vsel paiKela Hyeta kDreNr
hayenasr Tek ibbitt HeyeC| sidn
PislibdYar jget mHa oH oc peR igeyiCl
bYapariF iney| tarpr Vrw bS keykiF
DreNr Pisl pawya geC gt pay dReSa
ic 1.1 : VikwpeFirer Pisl bCer| ik taedr sbar obiSeFYr meDY paiKr
(sOjnYW ikCu obiSFY Takelw bSIrBag obiSFY iCela
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~queller/Bios334/links.htm)
kDrenr CaF Vkaerr Traph hayenasr obiSeFYr kaCakaiC 3| ta Kub pirar kFa DarNa
Taka sew ibanIra taedr hayenasr Tek paiKr ibbtenr rtpUN pkpiFek tidn te
rp idet pariCeln na| Vrw ikCu mDYbtI Piselr Ait na Kuej pawya pZ galemel
bYaparFa iney Sx isae pOCuena kFu kifn Hey ZaiCela|

dR StaIrw bSI smy Der ibanIedr naek diR idey GuiRey Sx pZ men HeC bYaparFar
kFa dPa rPa Het celeC| gt keyk bCer cIen Z AsKY Pisl pawya geC tara Traph
hayenasr Tek maney paiKet rpaerr ibiB rek AtY pirarBaeb tuel DereC Vmaedr
caeKr samen| spit cIen pawya sayenasrpeFirer Piselr gaey CaF CaF palekr nmuna
pawya geC, kihpeFirer Haet b lej pawya geC bS cwRa DreNr palk, Vbar
ibanIra mayearYapF naem k Aut car paKawyala hayenaserr Pisl Vibar kereCn
Zar sbela paKay Rar sHeZagI palk dKet pawya ZaeC (ic 8.2 -8.4)|
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

ic 8.2 : smeyr saeT saeT ibbitt Hwya ibiB DreNr Traph hayenaserr obiSFY dKaena HeyeC perr
Cibet 3
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

ic 8.3 : Traph hayenasr Tek VDuink paiKr ibbtenr ibiB Daepr Cib|
(sOjnYW Scientific American, Feb 1998, 'The Origin of Birds and their Flight')

ibiB er ibiB rkemr palekr Ait dKet pawya geC Pislelar meDY| Vsel
paiKet ibbitt Hwyar Aenk Veg ibiB DreNr Traph hayenaserr meDY palekr b
GeF| palk ba paKa Takel Z wRa Zaeb taw ta ny, wRar jnY k Drenr ibeSx DreNr
palekr peyajn Hy| ta palekr enMx GFar Aenk per ibeSx DreNr Apitsm Vkaerr
palekr ibbtn na GFa pZ Vsel hayenasrelar peQ Ral dwya sb Hey wefin|
DreNr Zt ntun ntun Piselr Vibar HeC tt ibanIra buJet pareCn Z, VikwpeFirer
Aenk Veg hayenasredr meDY tTakiTt paiKsulB ikCu ikCu obiSFY dKa idet r
keriCela, Zmn Drn sr sr Hat par gfn, ba palekr ibbtn| Vbar VDuink paiKelar ikCu
ikCu obiSFY Zmn, lejr Hahihelar jaRa leg CaF Hey Zawya, dat ba Haetr nKerr iblui

ic 8.4 : (k) Traph hayenasr 15

mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

ic 8.4 : (K) VikwpeFir (Archaeopteryx) ic 8.4 : (g) VDuink paiK (Aves)

GFar mt GFnaela GeFeC VikwpeFirerw bS per| Traph hayenaserr saeT
VikwpeFir b VDuink paKIr SarIirk gfenr tulnamulk iciF (ic 8.4) dKel
ibbtenr pZayimk Dapela bS pirarBaeb Dra per| tulnamulk prIQa Tek
ibanIra Z Du hayenaserr saeT VDuink paiKr ibbtenr spkiF pitfa kret pereCn
ta ny, pirbtnela ikBaeb GeFiCela ta spekw kFa pirar DarNa laB kret sQm
HeyeCn| mjar bYapar HeC, ikCuidn Veg Gum Abay Pisl Hey Zawya Haesr mt Vkaerr k
DreNr hayenaserr Pisl pawya geC Zaek dKel men Heb Vjekr idenr kan paiK Zena
Guimey VeC tar SrIerr meDY maTaFa ej idey 4| sb Tek pF baJa Zay Z paiK iHeseb

ic 8.5 : (k) cInedeSr rael

pawya Gum hayenaserr Pisl b
(K) Haet Vka sabY pitkit| 4

ibbitt Hwyar Aenk Veg s paicn hayenasredr meDY tTakiTt paiKsulB obSFYela
dKa idet r ker| taHel bYaparFa ik daRaeC - maeFw wRar jnY hayenaserr meDY palekr
ibbtn GeFin, r b GeFiCela inta taedr camRay GFa k ibeSx pirbtenr Pel| r
pr tap sreQeN suibDa ker dwyar maDYem ba AnY Z kareN Hak ta taedrek iFek Taket
baRit kan suibDa juigeyiCela bel obiSFYiF iFek igeyiCela Traph hayenasrelar
meDY| ATa Rar jnY palekr b GeFin, br bYaparFa ifk tar leFa - kan k imeFSn
ba pirbtenr maDYem Hfa ker palekr pi GeF Vr tar PlSitet k smy kan k
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

piriet hayenasrela Ret sQm Hy| sFtbadIra Zidw bel Taekn, piTbIr sb ikCu
naik nIl na AnuZayI pYan ker otir kra HeyeC, ATa paiK Reb bel naik pirkpna ker
tar SrIer palekr siF kra HeyeC! ik obainkBaeb dKel Vmra dKet pa Z, pakitet
ikCu pUb pirkpna AnuZayI otir ny, kmn Zena elaemelaBaeb eSY CaRa taedr pi
GeF pakitk inyem| Vr kaiF kaiF bCr Der obiSFYelar pr magtBaeb GFet Taka
pakitk inbacenr Pel pi HeyeC eta rkemr paNIr, t rkemr t b jiFl sb
jIebr| ibKYat ibbtnbadI ircah hikns ifk beln "Vmaedr carpaeS ibSjget ibdYman
obiSYela dKel baJa Zay r meDY kan pirkpna n, eSY n, n kan AB
ikba eBr Ait| Vsel A, kbl krNaHIn dasInta CaRa Kaen Vr ikCu caeK peR
na|' 10| hayenaserr meDY spUN iB kareN palekr b, sKan Tek DIer DIer kaiF kaiF
bCerr bYbDaen Ret para paiKr ibbtn Vbarw Vmaedrek pakitk inbacenr maDYem GFa
ibbtn ter sifktaek men kirey dy| pakitk inbacenr piyay Z ibiB DreNr jiFl
b t paeNr b GFa sb tar k caQx pmaN idey celeC hayenasr Tek paiKr
ibbtenr kaiHnI|

pa wyala maeCr haay ef VsaW pay 40 kaiF bCr Veg paNIjgetr ibbtenr itHaes
Zena k ibpb GeF gela| pay keSa kaiF bCr Veg piTbIr maiFet Vid kaxI jIebr
Ait dKa gelw ta Du ibiB DreNr srl pkitr jIbaNur meDY sImab iCela| 47-55
kaiF bCr Veg pTmbaerr mt piTbIr maiFet Vid id b Paenr Ait dKa dy ik
tKnw paNIr ibkaS sImab iCela Duma jel, haay ef Vsar Veyajn Vsel r
HeyiCela tarw Aenk per 5| Pisl rkh Tek dKa Zay Z, pay 40 kaiF bCr Veg
heBainyan Zueg jl Tek haay paNIr ibbtn GFet r ker| heBainyan ZugiF iCela Krar
Zug, painr cta kem VsiCela tKn pukr, ndI, smue| Vr smey k DreNr masl
ipehr mt paKna ibiSF (Lobe Finned Fish bla Hy edrek, Lungfish b Coelocanth
Bey delr ABu; Vr Kn Vmra Z VDuink maC diK tar bSIr Bag CRaena paKa
ibiSF maeCr rsurI Zaedrek bel Ray Finned Fish) k DreNr maeCr ibbtn GeF, taedr
masl paKnar saeT ctupdI paNIr Hat pa'r pcur iml reyeC| Plkar saHaeZY bSIr Bag
smy Sas pSas calaelw PsPesr saHaeZY tara Vbar mu Aiejn gHN kretw sQm iCela|
ATa heBainyan Zuegr Krar smy taedr obiSFYela Ap painet ba painr maJKaenr
kenay cel iPer bRaet saHaZY kreta|6 Vr widek Kra Zt baRet Takela, pakitk
inbacenr inyem, tt DreNr obiSFYsp paNIela iFek Takar jnY ibeSx suibDa pet
Takela| Aut bYapar Hela, haay ef Vsar jnY ik ctupdI paNIr meDY Hat par b
GeFin, r ibbtn GeFiCela Qrar smy painet iFek Takar jnY, Za prbtIet taedrek haar
jIben AiBeZaijt Het saHaZY keriCela| k DreNr bYapar Vmra lQY keriClam paKa b
palekr ibbtenr Qew, Rar jnY taedr palekr pi GeFin, ik prbtIet ta
hayenasredr Ret saHaZY keriCela| Aenek men kern Z, heBainyan Zueg maiFet iedr
bYapk ibkaSw saHaZY keriCela paNIedrek maiFet ef Vset| painr Daer maiFet ibiB
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

Drenr id b taedr painet CiRey Taka mUlela ibiB paNIr KadY iHeseb kaj keriCela|

s Za Hak, ibanIra maC Tek Bcr paNIet rpaerr DIr piyar ibiB Daepr paNIr
Pisl Kuej peyeCn| 1938 sael Vikar madagaaerr pkl lakay mn k jIbt maC

ic 8.6 : maC b Bcr paNIr mDYbtI obiSFYsp maCW coelacanth: Laimeria chalumnae
(sOjnYW University of Michigan: Museum of Zoology
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/Grzimek_fish/Coelacanthiformes/Latimeria_
chalumnae.jpg/view.html
(Laimeria chalumnae) Dra peR Zaek 7-8 kaiF bCr Veg iblu Hey geC bel men kra
Ht| r meDY maC Tek Bcr paNIr ibbtenr tela mDYbtI obiSFY ibdYman Z, ek Zena
rIitmt k 'jIbt Pisl' bla Zay| AtY ibisMt Hey ibanIra imis iliFek 'AtIetr
smy pRar Z' iHeseb AiBiHt keriCeln| masl paKnaibiSF maC 6 PF pZ la Het
paer, Vr tara AnYanY maeCr mt ihm paer na, srasir baca psb ker| prbtIet pjaitr
Vrw bS ikCu maC Dra peReC|

Veg beliClam Z, du DreNr masl paKna ba lab iPnZu maC reyeCW kalaka
(Coelocanth) b la iPS (Lungfish)| edr du gaer meDY maC Tek Bcer pirNt
Hwyar mDYbtI Pisl pawya gelw ibanIra VDuink AnUjIbibdYar prIQar PlaPl Tek Kn
men kern Z Vjekr ctupdI paNIela Vsel la iPs Tek ibbitt HeyiCela 5| la iPs
Tek Bcer reNr dIG ibbtenr piyar mDYbtI Dapelar pitiniDt ker mn b
Piselr Ait Kuej peyeCn ibanIra| bSIr Bag maeCr obiSFY sp Eusthenopteron
Tek r ker, AeDk pain AeDk maiFet bas kra Acanthostega r mt ctupdI paNI ikba
tar prbtI Daepr Vid Bcr (Amphibian) paNI pZ sbar Pisl Kuej peyeCn ibanIra
(ic 8.7- ibbtenr Dapela dKun)|
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

ic 8.7 :maC Tek haay paNIr ibbtenr ibiB r

(sOjnYW http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbios/34-15-TetrapodOrigin-L.gif)

Acanthostega r ibRal ba iFkiFikr mt idibY car paeyr Ait Takelw tKnw tar meDY
Plka b satar kaFar jnY peyajnIy maeCr mt ljiF rey geC| Kan Tek pF dKa
Zay Z, ctupdI paNIr obiSFYela haay ef Vsar jnY VladaBaeb otir Hyin, taedr
ibbtn GeFiCela Aenk Veg painet| Daep Daep GFa rpaerr tela DarabaiHk Pisl
pawya geC Z paNIr ibbtenr AtY rtpUN pZayiF iney Aenkidn Der sedeHr kan
VbkaS n| PislibdYar jget pakitk inbacenr maDYem DIr gitet kaiF kaiF bCerr
pirbtenr maDYem ibbtenr iciFr t cmkar pitPln Kub km pawya Zay|

teb gepr ta Kaen Sx ny, Kub sapitk kFa Vibaerr kTa na eLK krel gpFa
Hyeta Sx Heyw ifk puerapuir Sx Heb na| ta ikCuidn Veg 2006 saelr ipl maes
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

kanahar r mret min k mDYbtI Pisl ba imis iler san pawya geC Za maC Tek
Bcr paNIet ibbitt Hwyar DarabaiHktar CkiFek Zena Vrw pUN ker tueleC| kanahar

ic 8.8 :painr maC Tek maiFet ceR bRaena paNIr ibbtenr Haet Vka ic| maJKaen reyeC sdY Vibt
iFkFailekr Cib Za Kub pirarBaeb maC b Bcr paNIr mDYbtI Abar pitiniD ker|
(sOjnYW Harvard University Gazette
http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2006/04.06/09-missinglink.html)

Aelr VidbasIra AenkFa kmIerr mt dKet car pawyala maCiFr nam ideyeCn iFkFailk
(Tiktaalik roseae) 7| pay saeR 37 kaiF bCr Vegr paNIiFr meDY kidek Zmn reyeC
maeCr mt paKna, Vid cayal b VS, Vbar AnYidek VeC ctupdI paNIr mt keraiF,
GaR,pajeRr HaR b ViSk Hat paeyr Ait! heBainyan Zuegr maC Pandericthys, Zar
meDY seb Ap ikCu ctupdI paNIr obiSFY dKa idet r kereC b tKnw ikCu maeCr mt
obiSFY rey geC mn Vid ctupdI paNI Acanthostega (ic 8.8- maC Tek haay paNIr
ibbtenr CibiFet dKun) r mDYbtI k Abar paNI iFkFailk 8| Piselr Aban b
gfn deK baJa ZaeC Z, ra Kub Ap painet ATba kKnw kKnw mnik Ap smeyr jnY
kena maiFetw bec Taket pareta| pain Tek maiFet ef Vsar Pel taedr pr Z baRit
maDYakxn Sir cap peR ta samal idet igey taedr pajerr HaeRrw pirbtn GeFeC| Vbar
painet bas kra maeCr kan GaR ba gla Taek na, tara sm SrIr idey saja igey igey
iSkar ker| ik maiFet bas kra ctupdI paNIedr bSIrBaegr nmnIy Drenr gla b
GaR Taek, bakI SrIerr saHaZY CaRa s tar
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

maTa b GaR saDInBaeb naRaet paer|

ic 8.9 :sdY pawya iFkFailekr Piselr
nmunaela t BaelaBaeb sriQt iCela Z edr
Tek ibanIra taedr gfn b jIbnZaa spek
ibairt sb tTY Vibar kret pereCn|
saDarNt t purena Vmelr Pisuela iSlaerr
caep cYapFa Hey Zay, ra ik ta Hyin, edrek
imaik Abay pawya geC| 8
iFkFailekr meDYw DreNr glar Ait dKa
ZaeC Za idey s sHej tar maTa Guraet sQm
Heta| t cmkar kiF mDYbtI Abar Pisl
Kuej pey ibanIra AtY Vnidt| taedr met,
DreNr Pislela maC Tek haar ctupdI
paNIr ibbtn spek Vmaedr aenr piriDek
k ibeSx pZaey iney geC| inBarisiF AP
iSkaegar jIbibdYa ibBaegr pDan nIl ibenr
met, SarIirk gfn b jIbnZaar idk Tek
ibcar krel paNIr meDY mn sb mDYbtI
obiSFY dKa Zay Z ta idey Vjekr idenr maC
b Bcerr meDY paTkYela Zena iblIn Hey
Zay 8|

lcr paNIr ibbtenr r perr kFa bR Dap HeC VbrN ibiSF ihm DarNkarI srIsepr
b| Vsel srIsp, paiK, b nYpayI paNIra sba gaer ABu, ra Bcerr mt
jIbenr pTm Daep painet iPer Zay na| Bcr b srIsepr maJmaiJ Abar b Vid
srIseprw b Pisl pawya geC, Za idey Bcr Tek srIsepr pir Dapela pF Hey
wef| tarpr s 35 kaiF bCr Vegr kaebainePras Zug Tek r ker pay saeR Cy kaiF
bCr Vegr FariSyair Zuegr r pZ piTbI jaRa clet Taek jlcr b lcr srIspedr
kk ViDptY 5| pay 20 kaiF bCr Veg srIsp Tek nYpayI jIebr ibbtn GFet r
krelw saeR Cy kaiF bCr Veg hayenaserr ibluir Veg pZ taedr tmn kFa ibkaS
GFet dKa Zayin| pay 10 kaiF bCr Der taedr DIr rpar GFet Taek, smey ibiB
DreNr mDYbtI err "srIsp jatIy nYpayI' paNIr Piselr san pawya Zay 5| nYpayI
paNIedr ibbtenr pZayimk sbela Daepr b Pisl Kuej peyeCn ibanIra| bYapariF
tKin supitift Z Kaen Vr ta iney ibairtBaeb Velacna krar peyajn baD kriC na|

itim maeCr leFa peT ZaaW ibbtenr ikCu kaiHnI Zid ibanIedr BIxNBaeb Abak ker Taek
taHel itim maeCr ibbtenr gp baD Hy s tailkar sbecey per an paeb| bYaparFa
iney kFu ibcilt Hey harn ZKn beliCeln Z, Baluekr mt kan paNI Tek itim maeCr
ibbtn GeF Takelw itin maeFw Vbak Hebn na, tKn Aenek HesiCeln| bYaparFa kFu
galemel ta beF! smue bsbas taedr, maeCr mt sater bRay tara, ik mrdh Tek
r ker puera SrIerr gfnFay Vbar nYpayI paNIr mt| samenr HatdueFa sataer kaej laeg,
ipCen kan pa dKa na Takelw SrIerr iBter pliBesr ba biedeSr AbiSFaS Knw idibY
bey bRaeC s| harenr kTa na Hy bad idlam, pay dReSa bCr pr VDuink AnujIbibdYa
b PislibdYar Vibar Tek ZKn Vmra janet pair Z Vsel pay paS kaiF bCr Veg
jlHir pUbpurexr mt kDreNr nYpayI ctupdI haar paNI Tek Vjek itim maeCr
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

ibbtn GeFeC tKn ircah hiknesr mt ibbtnbadI ibanIr peQw Vtek na ef pay Taek
na| itin 2004 sael lKa The Ancestor's Tale bet ileKeCn 9 "I have now learned
something so shocking that I am still reluctant to believe it, but it looks as though
I am going to have to. Hippo's closest living relatives are whales.... Whales are
wonders of the world. They include the largest organisms that have ever
moved.... All this supposes that we believe the testimony of the molecules. What
do fossils say? To my initial surprise, the new theory fits quite nicely"

itim b hliPnedrek bla Hy isFaisn (cetacean), ra lcr nYpayI paNI Tek ibbitt
Hey painet AiBeZaijt HeyeC| ibbtenr iHeseb bS pircy ibcar krel Z kan maeCr tulnay
jlHi, F, gr ba BRar saeT itim maeCr VtMIyta Aenk kaeCr| VDuink AnujIbibdYar
ijenaimk FeFr PlaPl AnuZayI eta tara jlHiedr Kalaeta Ba bel men HeC| widek
Vbar imiSgan ibSibdYaleyr pePsr
hW iPilp igirc b tar sHeZagIra
gt 30 bCerr gebxNar PlaPl
iHeseb Zsb Piselr san peyeCn
taw jeniFk FeFr saeT Zn b
imel ZaeC 11| wisn Zueg (saeR 5
kaiF bCr Veg Tek pay saeR 3
kaiF bCr Veg pZ) itim maeCr
pubpurexr ibbtenr ibiB err b
Pisl Vibar kereCn tara paikan
b imSer| bS Aenk Veg Tek
ibanIra KuribiSF iblu paNI
elaemir (Elomoryx) k isFaisenr
ic 8.10 :elaemir (Elomoryx), paikisFas pUbpurx iHeseb iciHt keriCeln| 70
(Pakicetus) tulnamulk ic 11 dSekr Sexr idek

hW igirc paikaen itim maeCr sbecey purena Z Pisl paikisFaesr (Pakicetus, 5.3 kaiF
Tek 4.8 kaiF bCr Vegr) san pan, tar saeT elaemirer tmn bSI kan paTkY dKa
Zay na| tar cey byes kFu CaF VYuelaisFas (Ambulocetus, 4.8 kaiF Tek 4.7
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

ic 8.11 :lcr nYpYayI paNI Tek itim maeCr ibbtenr ibiB Daepr ic 3

taedr odGYw baRet r ker| tarperr err rahisFaes (Rodhocetus, 4.9 kaiF Tek 3.9
kaiF bCr Vegr) r Piselr gfn Tek dKa Zay Z tara etameDY pklbtI Ap painr
jIben AiBeZaijt Hey geC| Kan Tek maney kaiF bCr Vegr) mrdh b daetr
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

ibeSx pirbtn lQY kra Zay| Vr tar saeT VerkiF lQNIy ijinx caeK peR Z, taedr
naekr iC mSW ipefr ipCenr idek ser Zet r kereC| Knw Kuerr AbiSFaS rey
gelw ipCenr paela Zn maiFr per taedr Bar bHn krar jnY AtY dubl Hey peReC| r
perr pZaeyr Pisl 3.5 kaiF bCr Vegr hrhenr (Dorudon) meDY painet spuNBaeb
AiBeZajenr nmuna dKet pa| naekr iC Vrw ipiCey geC, samenr pa iPpaerr mt Vkar
DarN kreC, ipCenr pa b biedS Vr Aekeja Hey peReC, biedSiF Vlada Hey peReC
mrdh Tek| taedr saeT VDuink itim maeCr (Phocona) paTkY Kub samnY 3| itim maeCr
ibbtnek Aenk ibanI wisn b wlegaisn Zuegr bYapk jlbayu b mHasmuelar
painr gitr pirbtenr saeT jiRt bel men kern|

ic 8.12 :hW igirecr dl itim maeCr pUbpurx hrhenr pay spun PisliF Vibar kern|
imSerr wyaih iHFaen pawya PisliF pay 5 imFar la|
(sOjnYW http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gingeric/PDGwhales/Whales.htm)

luis HeC manux Vr epr meDY imis il: r Vegr Vrw ikCu Pisl pawya gelw "luis'ek
Knw Venk ibanI VDuink manux (Homo sapiens) b p ba bnmanuexr mDYbtI Pisl ba
imis il bel men kern| 1978 sael tanejinyay pawya, pay 32 lQ bCr Veg piTbIr
buek ibcrN ker bRaena Australopithecus afarensis pjaitr k miHlar, Pislek "luis'
nam dwya Hy 14| luisr pay-spUN Pisl, mier Kuil, pajerr HaR mnik s smeyr pawya
paeyr Caepr Pisl Tek Fa Kub pirarBaeb baJa Z, tara etameDY saja Hey HaFet
iSeKiCela| ik taedr mi, cayal b SrIerr Vkar tKnw ik taedr pUbpurexr mt rey
igeyiCela| sjnY Aenek taedr glar per bnmanuexr mt Vr glar nIec manuexr mt
kDrenr "maJamaiJ manux' bel AiBiHt kern| s Za Hak, Velacna Vpatt tala Tak,
r perr ADYaey Vmaedr inejedr pjait ATa VDuink manuexr ibbtn iney ibairt Velacna
krar Ca rela|

harenr pakitk inbacenr maDYem GFa ibbtenr t bel, Kub DIer DIer DarabaiHk pirbtenr
maDYem jIebr pirbtn GeF| kan pjait ZKn tar mUl pjait Tek kan kareN ibiC Hey
Zay, tKn piya Vrw traint Het paer karN ibiC AeSr meDY ibbtn GFet Taek
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

taedr injs gitet| Zidw iFePn j lehr mt keykjn ibKYat Pislibd ibbtenr
gitet Hfa Hfa Ln ba bR Drenr kan pirbtn (Punctuated Equilibrium theory)GeF
Zet paer men kern, bSIr Bag jIbibd ik harenr DIr b DarabaiHk ibbtenr
piyaek smTn kern 12| harnw bueJiCeln Z, kan kan smy Kub VkisMk ba t
pakitk pirbtn ibbtenr piyaek traibt ker idet paer, teb ta kan met du
keSa bCerr bYapar ny| saDarN Abay Za GFet laeg laK laK ba kaiF kaiF bCr ta Hyeta
GeF keyk Hajar bCer| r kan baDa Dra inym n, car paeSr pirebS, imeFSenr Har,
BOgilk ibiCta, VkisMkBaeb GFa kan pakitk pirbtn ba ibpZy, pjaitr injs jnn
obiSFY tYaid sH b kareN r rkm Pr GFet paer| teb kan Baela jIbibd, mnik
Ln mtbaedr pbtk ibanIraw, men kern na Z, pirbtn k ba du pjenM GFet
paer| Vmra idtIy ADYaey VDuink GaRar ibbtenr Z rela deKiClam Pisl rkhela
bel taw Baeb GeFiCela| taedr ibiB DreNr pjaitr meDY ekkFa Aba ba dSa bidn
Der ibraj kereC, Kub Ap Ap ker Hyeta ngnY ikCu pirbtn GeFeC keyk lQ mnik kaiF
bCer, tarpr Hfa ker keyk Hajar bCer AtY t ikCu bR bR pirbtn GeF geC|
BUtaik smeyr pirpiQet taedrek Kub t bel men Helw Vsel ta Vmaedr iHeseb Hajar
Hajar bCr pirey geC, kan pirbtn Hfa ker ratarait GeFin| Aenk smy Pisl rkeh
Vmra DarabaiHk pirbtenr sb Dapela dKet pa na| tar karN ny Z, Hfa ker
VkaS PeR taedr siF HeyeC ba ratarait taedr ibbtn GeF geC| br baDgmY kareN
Vmra ta dKet paiC na 13| Vmra Pisl iney Velacnar smy deKiC Z, Zt jIb
piTbIr buek ceR biReyeC taedr k QaitQ AS Du Pisel pirNt HeyeC| ta bSIr
Bag jIebr Pisl Vmra Hyeta kanidnw Kuej paeba na, ATba itim ba pa-wyala maC ba R
hayenaserr mt du kFa imis il peyw Zaeba Hfa ker, Zara ikna Hfa ker ibbtnbad
spek Vmaedr aenr maar Ln GiFey deb AtY t gitet|

tTYsU:

1. mjumdar, suSa (2003), cals harn b ibbtnbad, pW 92, oSbYa pkaSn ibBag, kalkata, ihya|

2. Which Came Frist the Feather Or Birds?, 2003, Scientific American, March edition.

3. Futuyma, Douglus (2005), Evolution, pg.74-78 Sinauer Associates, INC, MA, USA

4. National Geographic:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/10/1013_041013_sleepy_dino.html

5. Ridley M, 2004, Evolution, Blackwell Publishing Company; USA, UK, Australlia, pp.
538-542.
mumna ibbtenr pT Der (AFm ADYay) bnYa AHemd

6. Berra TM, 1990, Evolution and the Myth of Creationism, Stanford University Press,
Stanford, California, pp 84-87.

7. Harvard University Gazette: April 6, 2006 edition.

http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2006/04.06/09-missinglink.html

8. Natural History Museum, London, England. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/about-

us/news/2006/apr/news_7948.html

9. Dawkins R, 2004, The Ancester's tale, Houghton Miffin Company, NY, Boston: USA,
pp 196-202

10. http://www.mukto-mona.com/Articles/bonna/menace_darwinism.pdf

11. http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gingeric/PDGwhales/Whales.htm

12. Berra TM, 1990, Evolution and the Myth of Creationism, Stanford University Press,
Stanford, California, pp 47-48.

13. Mayr E, 2001, What Evolution Is, Basic Books, USA, pp 13-19.

14. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/specimen.html#afarensis

15. Padian, Chiappe, Origin Of Birds and Their Flight, 1998, Scientific American, Feb
edition.

nbm ADYay FbY

{bnYa VHemedr ibbtenr pT Der biF Absr pkaSnI Tek 2007 r keS bemlay
pkaiStbY| ASiF biFr AFm ADYay|}