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Ulrich Gabler

Submarine
Design
with an updating chapter by Fritz Abels
and Jiirgen Ritterhoff

Bernard & Graefe Verlag


Q Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn 2000
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical or otherwise, without first seeking the written permission
of the copyright owner.
Set by Graphik + Satz GmbH, Bonn and Datentechnik Gmber, Regensburg
Production and Layout: Walter Amann, Munich
Printed and bound by Wiener Verlag, Himberg bei Wien
Printed in Austria

ISBN 3-7637-6202-7
Table of Contents

Prefaces 9
CHAPTER VIII -Armament
1. Torpedo armament
CHAPTER I -Development of military submarines 10 -Torpedo tubes
1. Development up to the end of World War I 10 -Torpedo impulse launching principle
2. Development between the end of World War I -Torpedo swim-out launching principle
and the end of World War I1 11 -Torpedo tanks (WRT)
3. Development since the end of World War I1 13 -Torpedo loading system and torpedo storage
-Arrangement of torpedo armament
CHAPTER I1 - Development of non- 2. Mine armament
military (commercial)submarines 15 3. Gunnery
4. Missile armament
CHAPTER 111-Characteristics of submarines 16 5. Weapon control systems
1. Military submarines 16
2. Non-military submarines 16
CHAPTER IX - Methods for detection, warning,
CHAPTER IV -General description of a submarine 18 and deception
1. Detection systems
CHAPTER V -Diving and stability 21 -Periscopes
1. Diving 21 -Radar systems
2. Arrangement of the tanks with respect -Active sonar systems
to the requirements for submerged cruising 22 -Passive sonar
-Ballast tanks 22 2. Warning systems
-Compensating tanks 24 -Radar warning system
-Trim tanks 25 -Sonar intercept system
-Negative tanks 25 3. Deception methods
3. Stability 26

CHAPTER VI -Dynamics CHAPTER X -Propulsion plants 63


1. Shape of the submarine versus the submersible 1. Propulsion plants that use lead batteries, electric
2. Submerged drag drive motors, and diesel engines 63
3. Propulsion -Lead battery 65
4. Depth control -Electric machinery 68
5. Model basin experiments and submerged trials -Diesel engines 70
- Air intake and exhaust gas systems for the
CHAPTER VII -Hull structure diesel engines on submersibles 71
1 . Loading due to diving pressure -Diesel fuel and pressurized water system 72
2. Shock loads -Snorkel systems 72
3. Other loads - Cruising range calculations 77
4. Strength of the pressure hull 2. Propulsion devices based on their principles 77
5. Materials -The Walter principle 78
6. Strength of pressure-proof conning tower -Closed-cycle principle 79
7. Strength of other structural members -Nuclear propulsion plant 80
8. Pressure hulls for commercial submersibles -Fuel cells 80
9. Model experiments -Stirling engine 81

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