Appendix A

Physical Constants
Quantity Symbol Traditional units SI units

1
Atomic mass unit ( 12 th amu 1.6606 102 g 1.6606 1027 kg
mass of 12C atom)

Avogadros number N 6.022 1023 6.022 1023

particles/mol particles/mol

Bohr radius a0 0.52918 5.2918 1013 m

Boltzmann constant k 1.3807 1016 erg/K 1.3807 1023 J/K

Charge-to-mass ratio e/m 1.7588 108 Coulomb/g 1.7588 1011 C/kg

of electron

Electron rest mass me 9.1095 1028 g 9.1095 1031 kg

0.00054859 amu

Faraday constant F 96,487 coulombs/mole1 96,487 J/V mol1

L atm Pa dm3
Gas constant R 0.08206 8.3145
mol K mol K
Gravitational acceleration g 980.6 cm/s 9.906 m/s

Molar volume (STP) Vm 22.414 L/mol 22.414 103 m3/mol

Neutron rest mass mn 1.67495 1024 g 1.67495 1027 kg

1.008665 amu

Plancks constant h 6.6262 1027 erg sec 6.6262 1027

Proton rest mass mp 1.6726 1027 erg sec 1.6726 1027 kg

1.0077277 amu

Velocity of ligh c 2.9979 1010 cm/s 2.9979 108 m/s

(in vaccum) 186,281 miles/s

Rydberg constant Rz 3.289 1015 cycles/s 1.0974 107 m1

2.1799 1011 erg 2.1799 1018 J

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 Appendix B

Conversion Factors
cm in 1 in
2.54 cm

cm3 in3 1 in3

2.54 cm3

cm in ft
1 in 1 ft
2.54 cm 12 in
2.54 cm
in cm
1 in

(2.54 cm)2
in2 cm2
(1 in)2

(1000)2
km 2 m2
(1 km)2

0.6214 m
km mi
1 km

km mi laps
0.6214 mi 1 lap
1 km 0.250 mi

1 mm
m mm
0.001 m

ft in m
12 in 1m
1ft 39.37 in

2.54 cm
in cm
1 in

dm3 m3 cm3 in3

(0.1 m)3 (1 cm)3 (1 in)3
(1 dm)3 (0.01 m)3 (2.54 cm)3

1133
 Appendix B

L qt cu
1.057 qt 4 cu
1L 1 qt

g mL L
1 mL 1L
0.84 g 1000 mL

g cm3 mL
1 cm3 1 mL
1.32 g 1 cm3

kg g cm3
1000 g 1 cm3
1 kg 0.752

kg g cm3 mL L
1000 g 1 cm3 1 mL 1L
1 kg 0.789g 1cm3 100 mL

K C K = C + 273

C K K = C + 273

[F 32]
F C C =
1.8

[F 32]
C F C =
1.8

K C F
[F 32]
K = C + 273 C =
1.8
m
m, V d d =
v

Cal cal J
1000 cal 4.184J
1 Cal 1 cal

1134
 Appendix C

Dissociation constants
of acids at 25C
Name Formula Ka1 Ka2 Ka3

Acetic acid CH3COOH 1.8 105

Arsenic acid H3AsO4 5.6 103 1.0 107 3.0 1012
Arsenious acid H3AsO3 6.0 1010
Benzoic acid C6H5COOH 6.5 105
Boric acid H3BO3 5.8 1010
Carbonic acid H2CO3 4.3 107 5.6 1011
Chloroacetic acid CICH2COOH 1.4 103
Formic acid HCOOH 1.8 104
Hydrocyanic acid HCN 4.9 1010
Hydrofluoric acid HF 6.8 104
Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 2.4 1012

Hydrogen sulphate ion HSO4 1.2 102

Hydrogen sulphide H2S 5.7 108
Hypobromous acid HBrO 2.0 109
Hypochlorous acid HClO 3.0 108
Hypoiodous acid HIO 2.0 1011
Lactic acid CH3(OH)COOH 1.4 104
Malonic acid CH3(OH)COOH 1.4 104
Malonic acid CH2(COOH)2 1.5 103 2.0 106
Nitrous acid HNO2 4.5 104
Oxalic acid (COOH)2 5.9 102 6.4 105
Phenol C6H5OH 1.3 1010
Phosphoric acid H3PO4 7.5 103 6.2 108 4.2 1013
Propionic acid CH3CH2COOH 1.3 105
Sulphuric acid H2SO4 strong acid 1.2 102
Sulphurous acid H2SO3 1.7 102 6.4 108
Tartaric acid (CHOHCOOH)2 1.0 103 4.6 105

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