ONE WAY SLABS

AND
STRINGERS

ONE WAY SLAB

 ONE WAY SLAB AND STRINGERS
Lecture Notes

Reinforced concrete slabs are large flat plates that are supported at its sides by
reinforced concrete beams, walls, columns, steel beams, or by the ground. If a slab is
supported on two sides only, they are referred to a one-way slab since the bending
occurs in one direction only. If the slab is supported on all four sides, it is called two-way
slab since the bending occurs in both direction.

CONDITIONS FOR ONE WAY OR TWO WAY SLAB

For One Way Slab: For Two Way Slab:

S L S L
<0.5 >2 <0.5 >2
L S L S

Where: S = Shorter Span L = Longer Span

SLAB THICKNESS

Refer to NSCP 2010, Table 409 1 unless deflections are computed.

MAXIMUM SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT

According to NSCP 2010, Section 407.7.5, the flexural reinforcement shall not be
spaced further apart than 3 times the slab thickness, nor 450mm.

CIEN 3454: Reinforced Concrete Design 1

1st Semester, AY: 2016-2017
Engr. Alberto S. Caete
 ONE WAY SLAB AND STRINGERS
Lecture Notes

SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE BARS

According to the code, one-way slabs, where flexural reinforcement extends in one
direction only should be reinforced for shrinkage and temperature stresses
perpendicular to flexural reinforcement.

NSCP 2010, Sec. 407.13.2.2. Shrinkage and Temperature reinforcement shall be

spaced not farther apart than five times the slab thickness or 450mm.

ACI MOMENT COEFFICIENTS

Conditions before using the ACI Moment Coefficients: (NSCP 2010, Sec. 408.4.3)

1. There are two or more spans;

2. Spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two adjacent spans not greater
than the shorter by more than 20 percent;
3. Loads are uniformly distributed;
4. Unfactored live load does not exceed three times unfactored dead load, and
5. Members are prismatic.

For Reaction @ Left :

wL ML MR
RL
2 L
For Reaction @ Right :

wL MR ML
RR
2 L

R R > RL

@ 1st interior support

Shear = 1.15wL

Spandrel Beams are edge beams subjected to a lot of torsion.

CIEN 3454: Reinforced Concrete Design 1

1st Semester, AY: 2016-2017
Engr. Alberto S. Caete
 ONE WAY SLAB AND STRINGERS
Lecture Notes

USE OF ACI MOMENT COEFFICIENTS

For beams with more than two spans (Spans > 2)

For beams with more than two spans only (Spans = 2)

For slab spans less than 3 meters (Slab Spans < 3m)

CIEN 3454: Reinforced Concrete Design 1

1st Semester, AY: 2016-2017
Engr. Alberto S. Caete
 ONE WAY SLAB AND STRINGERS
Lecture Notes

STRINGERS

Stringers are beams supported by other beams, sometimes called girders.

INFLUENCE LINES
All even # span: Negative Moment
Live Loads are transient loads
All odd # span: Positive Moment

All odd # span: Negative Moment

All even # span: Positive Moment

PATTERN LOADING:

Load Case ( 1 )

Load Case ( 2 )

Load Case ( 3 )

CIEN 3454: Reinforced Concrete Design 1

1st Semester, AY: 2016-2017
Engr. Alberto S. Caete
 ONE WAY SLAB AND STRINGERS
Lecture Notes

Load Calculations for Stringers

EXAMPLE: (USING NSCP 2001)

Live Load = 2.4 kPa

Loading for 6m span
3
m 0.5
6
5 x 3 3 0.52 kN
WD 2 13.7
3 2 m
2 .4 x 3 3 0.52 kN
WL 2 6.6
3 2 m
kN
WU 1.4(13.7) 1.7(6.6) 30.4
m
Loading for 7m span
3
m 0.42857
7
5 x 3 3 0.42857 2 kN
WD 2 14.082
3 2 m
5 x 3 3 0.42857 2 kN
WL 2 6.7592
3 2 m
kN
WU 1.4(14.082) 1.7(6.7592) 31.205
m
Floor Dead
Loads
Ceiling = 0.40 kPa
Flr Fin = 1.20 kPa
Movable Part. = 1.00 kPa
Slab = 2.40 kPa
5.00 kPa

m = S (c-c short dimension)

L (c-c long dimension)

Convert into uniform load

CIEN 3454: Reinforced Concrete Design 1
1st Semester, AY: 2016-2017
Engr. Alberto S. Caete
 ONE WAY SLAB AND STRINGERS
Lecture Notes
Loading for 6m span
3
m 0.5
6
5 x 3 3 0.52 kN
WD 2 13.7
3 2 m
2 .4 x 3 3 0.52 kN
WL 2 6.6
3 2 m
kN
WU 1.4(13.7) 1.7(6.6) 30.4
m
Loading for 7m span
3
m 0.42857
7
5 x 3 3 0.42857 2 kN
WD 2 14.082
3 2 m
5 x 3 3 0.42857 2 kN
WL 2 6.7592
3 2 m
kN
WU 1.4(14.082) 1.7(6.7592) 31.205
m

DESIGN PROCEDURE

1. Determine minimum slab thickness. (ts)

2. Identify the dead and live load pressures acting on the slab. (W D & WL)
3. Calculate the Factored Moment. Check if ACI moment coefficient is applicable,
otherwise use Pattern Loading. (Mu)
4. Compute for the effective depth. (d)
5. Compute for the minimum reinforcement ratio. (min)
f ' c 1.4
min = 4 fy or min = fy , Larger Governs
6. Compute for the required reinforcement ratio. (reqd)
1 12 mX
reqd = m , compare with min
If reqd > min , use reqd
If reqd < min , use minimum between (min , 4/3 of reqd)
A
sreqd = d ; Smax = (3ts , 450mm)

Use s = minimum ( sreqd , smax ) round down to nearest cm.
CIEN 3454: Reinforced Concrete Design 1
1st Semester, AY: 2016-2017
Engr. Alberto S. Caete
 ONE WAY SLAB AND STRINGERS
Lecture Notes

Where:
Mu fy
x= bd 2 ; m= 0.85 f ' c b = 1000mm (Considering 1m strip)

FOR TEMPERATURE BARS:

g = 0.0020 for Grade 40 and g = 0.0018 for Grade 60

A
sreqd = g h ; where h = thickness of slab

smax = minimum (5ts , 450mm)

Use s = minimum ( sreqd , smax ) round down to nearest cm.

QUIZ NO. 4: One Way Slab and Stringers

1. Determine the required spacing of the main top bar at the first interior support of
the one-way slab below:

L1 L2

Given:
b = 300mm Slab t = 120mm
L1 = 3.2m fc = 25 MPa
L2 = 3.5m fy = Grade 40
DL = 4.8 kPa (inc. slab weight) Bar size = 10mm
LL = 1.9kPa

Solution:

ts = 120mm ; d = 120 - 20 - (10) = 95mm

Wu = 1.2(4.8) + 1.6 (1.9) = 8.8 kPa
CIEN 3454: Reinforced Concrete Design 1
1st Semester, AY: 2016-2017
Engr. Alberto S. Caete
 ONE WAY SLAB AND STRINGERS
Lecture Notes

Clear spans: L1 = 3200 300 = 2900mm , L2 = 3500 300 = 3200mm

2.9+ 3.2
Ave. Ln = 2 = 3.05m

2 2
8.8(3.05) 8.8(3.05)
Ext. face Mu = 12 = 6.823 kN-m ; Int. face Mu = 11 = 7.442 kN-m

Therefore, Mu = 7.442 kN-m

95

276
x = 0.9(1000)(276) = 0.0033196 ; m= 0.85(25) = 12.988
7.442 x 106

1 12(0.0033196)(12.988)
reqd = 12.988 = 0.0033945

25 1.4
min = 4(276) = 0.0045290 or min = 276 = 0.0050725 ; min = 0.0050725

Since reqd < min , use = min [0.0050725 , 4/3(0.0033945)] , use = 0.0045260

10


2
sreqd = = 182.67mm


4

smax = min [ 3(120) , 450 ] ; smax = 360mm

Use s = min (182.67 , 360) Therefore, s = 182.67mm

2. Determine the required bd2 (in mm3) of the center Lstringer.

1

L1 = 2.5m
L2
L2 = 2.6m
L3
L3 = 2.7m
L4 = 2.8m
L4
CIEN 3454: Reinforced Concrete Design 1
1st Semester, AY: 2016-2017
Engr. Alberto S. Caete
 ONE WAY SLAB AND STRINGERS
Lecture Notes

L5 = 6.4m
L6 = 7.6m
Girder Width = 350mm
Wall Load = 10 kN/m
Beam Wt = 4.32 kN/m
fc = 35 MPa
fy = Grade 60
1.5min
Floor DL = 6 kPa
Floor LL = 2.4 kPa
L5 L6
Solution:

Panel 2-5

2.6 2 2.6 2
DL w =
6 ( 2.6 ) [3
6.4( )]
= 7.371 kN/m LL w =
2.4 ( 2.6 ) [3 ( )
6.4
]
=
(3)(2) (3)(2)

2.948 kN/m

Panel 2-6

2.6 2 2.6 2
DL w =
6 ( 2.6 ) [3
7.6( )]
= 7.496 kN/m LL w =
2.4 ( 2.6 ) [3 ( )
7.6
]
=
(3)(2) (3)(2)

2.998 kN/m

Panel 3-5
2 2
2.7 2.7
DL w =
6 ( 2.7 ) [3
6.4( )
]
= 7.619 kN/m LL w =
2.4 ( 2.7 ) [3 ( )
6.4
]
=
(3)(2) (3)(2)

3.048 kN/m

Panel 3-6

2.7 2 2.7 2
DL w =
6 ( 2.7 ) [3
7.6( )]
= 7.759 kN/m LL w =
2.4 ( 2.7 ) [3 ( )
7.6
]
=
(3)(2) (3)(2)

3.104 kN/m

CIEN 3454: Reinforced Concrete Design 1

1st Semester, AY: 2016-2017
Engr. Alberto S. Caete
 ONE WAY SLAB AND STRINGERS
Lecture Notes

Ave. Ln = ( 6.4+7.6
2 )0.35 = 6.65m

For Span 5:

wu = 1.2(7.371+7.619+10+4.32) + 1.6(2.948+3.048) = 44.766 kN/m

2
44.766(6.65)
Mu = 9 = 219.963 kN-m

For Span 6:

wu = 1.2(7.496+7.759+10+4.32) + 1.6(2.998+3.104) = 45.253 kN/m

45.253(6.65)2
Mu = 9 = 222.356 kN-m

Therefore, Mu = 222.356 kN-m

35 1.4
min = 4(414) = 0.0035725 or min = 414 = 0.0033816 ; min = 0.0035725

= 1.5(0.0035725) = 0.0053588

( 0.0053588 ) ( 414 )
( 0.0053588 ) ( 414 ) [1 ]
R= 1.7 (35 ) = 2.1358 MPa

222.356 x 10
( 6)
bd2 = 0.9(2.1358) ; bd2 = 115.655 x106 mm3

CIEN 3454: Reinforced Concrete Design 1

1st Semester, AY: 2016-2017
Engr. Alberto S. Caete