Drilling Rigs

20. MUD PUMPS

INDEX

HIGH PRESSURE MUD PUMPS

20.1 PRINCIPLES
20.2 NOMENCLATURE
20.3 TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS
20.4 ACCESSORIES
20.5 FLOW RATE AND EFFICIENCY CALCULATION
20.6 POWER AND EFFICIENCY CALCULATION
LOW PRESSURE MUD PUMPS (Centrifugal Pump)
20.7 FUNCTION
20.8 NOMENCLATURE
20.9 PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVES

HIGH PRESSURE MUD PUMPS

20.1 PRINCIPLES

- Duplex Pump / Triplex pump

Hi-pressure mud pumps:

In a Duplex Pump the

piston discharges mud on
one side of the piston and at
the same time takes mud in
on other side.

In a Triplex pump the

piston discharges mud only
when it moves forward in
the liner.

In the Oilfield, duplex

pumps have been replaced
by triplex pumps.

Triplex pumps of the same

power, are smaller and
lighter than duplex pumps.

They also provide an

uniform flow.

Eni Corporate University 182

 Drilling Rigs

20.2 NOMENCLATURE

Pistons are moved with a shaft by

an electrical engine or a diesel
engine.

The pump is divided in 2 parts:

- POWER END

- FLUID END

POWER END

- POWER END Schematic 1

Eni Corporate University 183

 Drilling Rigs

- POWER END Schematic 2

- POWER END Schematic 3

Eni Corporate University 184

 Drilling Rigs

FLUID END

- FLUID END Schematic 1

- FLUID END Schematic 2 - Fluid end type " L"

Eni Corporate University 185

 Drilling Rigs

20.3 TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS

Performance Data

- NATIONAL OILWELL 10-P-130

- NATIONAL OILWELL 12-P-160

Eni Corporate University 186

 Drilling Rigs

- NATIONAL OILWELL 14-P-220

- Type P Mud Pump Specification and Dimensions

Eni Corporate University 187

 Drilling Rigs

20.4 ACCESSORIES

- Pulsation Dampeners
- Pressure Relief Valve (Safety Valve)
- Pump Stroke Counter

Accessories

Pulsation Dampeners

- Function

Alternating movement of the

pistons produces an irregular flux
(See right).

Pulsation dampener reduces

vibrations of pumps and lines
(See right).

Eni Corporate University 188

 Drilling Rigs

- Installation examples

- Pulsation dampener on discharge line - Pulsation dampener on suction line

Eni Corporate University 189

 Drilling Rigs

- PULSATION DAMPENER HYDRIL TYPE K

- Characteristics

Pulsation Dampeners are

usually installed on discharge
line.

It is a bottle with a diaphragm

inside and pre-charged with
Nitrogen at maximum 1000
psi.

It absorbs pressure variations,

reduces peak pressures,
permits slightly higher pump
output and increases discharge
line life.

- Movement and Components

- Diaphragm movement during - Diaphragm section - Diaphragm

operation

- Pressure Relief Valve

Eni Corporate University 190

 Drilling Rigs

- Installation and Primary Purpose

A pressure relief valve must be installed in

the discharge line immediately beyond the
pump.

Its purpose is primarily to protect the pump and

discharge line against extreme pressures that
might occur when a bit becomes plugged.

Pressure Relief Valve - Installation

- Use of the Relief Valve

The relief valve should be used to limit the pressure in accordance with the pump manufacturer's
rating for a given liner size.

Pressure Relief Valve Safety Valves

- Scheme

Eni Corporate University 191

 Drilling Rigs

20.5 FLOW RATE AND EFFICIENCY CALCULATION

- Theoretical Flowrate

where

Pt = theoretical flow rate (l/min)

D = Liner diameter in mm
L = Length of stroke in mm
Vliq = Output volume per stroke
SPM = strokes per minute

- Efficiency
Real flow rate must be calculated with the pump efficiency, which varies according to the state of
the valves, the supercharging and the type of fluid.

In the best case it is 0.98 for a supercharged triplex pump.

Usually a normal average is between 0.95 - 0.97

20.6 POWER AND EFFICIENCY CALCULATION

- Hydraulic Power Calculation

where
Pt = Real Flow rate (theoretical flow rate x efficiency)
HHP = Hydraulic power in HP
P = output pressure in kg/cm2

- Mechanical Horse Power :

- Efficiency Real flow rate must be calculated with the pump efficiency.
Usually efficiency is between E = 0.95 - 0.97

Eni Corporate University 192